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Wang Y, Wu W, Bravo MA, Liu S, Xi X, Zhou Y, Zhang Q, Liu Q. Prepubertal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are associated with early pubertal development onset in boys: A longitudinal study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134160. [PMID: 38574665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) on puberty in boys. METHODS 695 subjects were selected from four primary schools in Chongqing, China. 675 urine samples from these boys were collected four PAH metabolites: 1-hydroxypyrene, 2-hydroxynaphthoic, 2-hydroxyfluorene, and 9-hydroxyphenanthrene. Pubertal development of 695 boys was assessed at follow-up visits starting in December 2015 and occurring every six months thereafter until now, data used in this article ending in June 2021. A total of 12 follow-up visits were performed. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze the relationship between PAH metabolite concentrations and indicators of pubertal timing. RESULTS The mean age at puberty onset of testicular volume, facial hair, pubic hair, first ejaculation, and axillary hair in boys was 11.66, 12.43, 12.51, 12.72 and 13.70 years, respectively. Cox proportional hazards regression models showed that boys with moderate level of 1-OHPyr exposure was associated with earlier testicular development (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.276, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.006-1.619), with moderate level of 2-OHNap were at higher risk of early testicular development (HR = 1.273, 95% CI: 1.002-1.617) and early axillary hair development (HR = 1.355, 95% CI: 1.040-1.764), with moderate level of 2-OHFlu was associated with earlier pubic hair development (HR = 1.256, 95% CI: 1.001-1.577), with high level of 9-OHPhe were at higher risk of early fisrt ejaculation (HR = 1.333, 95% CI: 1.005-1.767) and early facial hair development (HR = 1.393, 95% CI: 1.059-1.831). CONCLUSION Prepubertal exposure to PAHs may be associated with earlier pubertal development in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wang
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, PR China
| | - Wenyi Wu
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, PR China
| | - Mercedes A Bravo
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Shudan Liu
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, PR China
| | - Xuan Xi
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, PR China
| | - Yuanke Zhou
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, PR China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, PR China
| | - Qin Liu
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, PR China.
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2
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Borah P, Deka H. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) accumulation in selected medicinal plants: a mini review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:36532-36550. [PMID: 38753233 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33548-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The use of plant-based products in healthcare systems has experienced a tremendous rise leading to a substantial increase in global demand. However, the quality and effectiveness of such plant-based treatments are often affected due to contamination of various pollutants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Like other plants, medicinal plants also uptake and accumulate PAHs when exposed to a contaminated environment. The consumption of such medicinal plants and/or plant-based products causes negative effects on health rather than providing any therapeutic advantages. Unfortunately, research focusing on PAH accumulation in medicinal plants has received very limited attention. This review discusses a sizable number of literature regarding the concentration of sixteen priority PAH pollutants as recognised by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) in different medicinal plants. The review also highlights the risk assessment of cancer associated with some medicinal plants in terms of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) equivalent concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Borah
- Ecology and Environmental Remediation Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati-14, Assam, India
| | - Hemen Deka
- Ecology and Environmental Remediation Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati-14, Assam, India.
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3
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Zhang H, Yang Y, Ma S, Yuan W, Gao M, Li T, Wei Y, Wang Y, Xiong Y, Li A, Zhao B. Development of a Multifaceted Perspective for Systematic Analysis, Assessment, and Performance for Environmental Standards of Contaminated Sites. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:3078-3091. [PMID: 38284061 PMCID: PMC10809668 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Contaminated soil and groundwater can pose significant risks to human health and ecological environments, making the remediation of contaminated sites a pressing and sustained challenge. It is significant to identify key performance indicators and advance environmental management standards of contaminated sites. The traditional study currently focuses on the inflexible collection of related files and displays configurable limitations regarding integrated assessment and in-depth analysis of published standards. In addition, there is a relative lack of research focusing on the analysis of different types of standard documents. Herein, we introduce a cross-systematic retrospective and review for the development of standards of the contaminated sites, including the comprehensive framework, multifaceted analysis, and improved suggestion of soil and groundwater standards related to the environment. The classification and structural characteristics of different types of files are systematically analyzed of over 300 national, trade, local, and group standards for the contaminated sites. It exhibits that trade standards are the main types and testing methods are the important format within numerical considerations of soil standards. The guide standard serves as a crucial component in environmental management for investigating, assessing, and remediating of contaminated sites. Future improvement plans and development directions are proposed for advancing robust technical support for effective soil contamination prevention and control. This multidimensional analysis and the accompanying suggestions can provide improved guidance for Chinese environmental management of contaminated sites and sparkle the application of standards in a wide range of countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Technical
Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Technical
Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Shaobing Ma
- Technical
Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Wenchao Yuan
- Technical
Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Mingjun Gao
- Technical
Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Tongtong Li
- Technical
Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- China
Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- Technical
Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Yanna Xiong
- Technical
Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Aiyang Li
- Chinese
Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Institute
of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
- Norwegian
University of Life Sciences, Department
of Environmental Sciences, 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
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4
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Bai X, Pan K, Shoaib N, Sun X, Wu X, Zhang L. Status of phthalate esters pollution in facility agriculture across China: Spatial distribution, risk assessment, and remediation measures. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168416. [PMID: 37944601 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The pervasive utilization of phthalate esters (PAEs) in plastic products has led to an emergent concern regarding the PAEs contamination in environmental matrices. However, the overall understanding of PAEs pollution in facility agriculture and its relevant risks remain limited. In this paper, the characteristics, health risks, and remediation measures of PAEs pollution in facility agriculture across China were analyzed. In general, PAEs pollution in facility agriculture soil in SWC and vegetables in SC were more serious than that in the other six regions (p < 0.05). The total level of six PAEs ranged from 0.053 to 5.663 mg·kg-1 in soil samples, nd (not detectable) to 12.540 mg·kg-1 in vegetable samples, with mean values of 0.951 mg·kg-1 and 2.458 mg·kg-1, respectively. DEHP and DnBP were dominant in both soil and vegetable samples with a total contribution of over 70 % of the six PAEs, but their concentrations were a little lower in soil samples. The PAEs concentrations of leafy, root, and fruit vegetables exhibited a descending trend. Correlation analysis revealed that the relationships between soil and vegetable PAEs concentrations remained inconclusive, lacking clear correlations. Furthermore, risk assessments indicated that the hazard quotient (HQ) for both total and individual PAEs in the vast majority of vegetable samples remained within acceptable thresholds. Meanwhile, all values for carcinogenic risks (CR) were confined within the range of 10-4. In conclusion, the study outlines remediation measures aimed at precluding and mitigating the environmental risks associated with PAEs exposure. These findings furnish a scientific foundation for the targeted assessment and judicious management of PAEs pollution within facility agriculture landscape of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kaiwen Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Noman Shoaib
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaogang Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
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5
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Liu Y, Wang F, Wang Z, Xiang L, Fu Y, Zhao Z, Kengara FO, Mei Z, He C, Bian Y, Naidu R, Jiang X. Soil properties and organochlorine compounds co-shape the microbial community structure: A case study of an obsolete site. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117589. [PMID: 37926227 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine compounds (OCs) such as chlorobenzenes (CB) are persistent organic pollutants that are ubiquitous in soils at organochlorine pesticides (OCP) production sites. Long-term contamination with OCs might alter the soil microbial structure and further affect soil functions. However, the effects of OCs regarding the shaping of microbial community structures in the soils of OCs-contaminated sites remain obscure, especially in the vertical soil profile where pollutants are highly concealed. Hence this paper explored the status and causes of OCs pollution (CB, hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)) in an obsolete site, and its combined effects with soil properties (pH, available phosphorus (AP), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), etc) on microbial community structure. The mean total concentration of OCs in the subsoils was up to 996 times higher than that in the topsoils, with CB constituting over 90% of OCs in the subsoil. Historical causes, anthropogenic effects, soil texture, and the nature of OCs contributed to the differences in the spatial distribution of OCs. Redundancy analysis revealed that both the soil properties and OCs were important factors in shaping microbial composition and diversity. Variation partitioning analysis further indicated that soil properties had a greater impact on microbial community structure than OCs. Significant differences in microbial composition between topsoils and subsoils were observed through linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis, primarily driven by different pollutant conditions. Additionally, co-occurrence network analysis indicated that heavily contaminated subsoils exhibited closer and more intricate bacterial community interactions compared to lightly contaminated topsoils. This work reveals the impact of environmental factors in co-shaping the structure of soil microbial communities. These findings advance our understanding of the intricate interplay among organochlorine pollutants, soil properties, and microbial communities, and provides valuable insights into devising effective management strategies in OCs-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Chinese Academy of Science State Key Laboratory of Soil & Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Chinese Academy of Science State Key Laboratory of Soil & Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ziquan Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Leilei Xiang
- Chinese Academy of Science State Key Laboratory of Soil & Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuhao Fu
- Chinese Academy of Science State Key Laboratory of Soil & Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiliang Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Science State Key Laboratory of Soil & Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Zhi Mei
- Chinese Academy of Science State Key Laboratory of Soil & Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao He
- Institute of Environment Pollution Control and Treatment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongrong Bian
- Chinese Academy of Science State Key Laboratory of Soil & Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Crc for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (crcCARE), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Xin Jiang
- Chinese Academy of Science State Key Laboratory of Soil & Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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6
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Lee JD, Chiou TH, Zhang HJ, Chao HR, Chen KY, Gou YY, Huang CE, Lin SL, Wang LC. Persistent Halogenated Organic Pollutants in Deep-Water-Deposited Particulates from South China Sea. TOXICS 2023; 11:968. [PMID: 38133369 PMCID: PMC10748163 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11120968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
POP data are limited in the marine environment; thus, this study aimed to investigate background persistent organic pollutant (POP) levels in oceanic deep-water-deposited particulates in the South China Sea (SCS). Six POPs, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs), polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDEs), and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), were investigated in eight pooled samples from the SCS from 20 September 2013 to 23 March 2014 and 15 April 2014 to 24 October 2014 at depths of 2000 m and 3500 m. PBDEs were the most predominant compounds, with the highest mean Σ14PBDE of 125 ± 114 ng/g dry weight (d.w.), followed by Σ17PCDD/F, Σ12PBDD/F, and Σ12DL-PCB (275 ± 1930, 253 ± 216, and 116 ± 166 pg/g d.w., respectively). Most PBDD/F, PBB, and PCDE congeners were below the detection limits. PCDDs had the highest toxic equivalency (TEQ), followed by PBDDs and DL-PCBs. Among the six POPs, PBDEs were the major components of the marine-deposited particles, regarding both concentrations and mass fluxes. Compared to 3500 m, PBDE levels were higher at a depth of 2000 m. PBDE mass fluxes were 20.9 and 14.2 ng/m2/day or 68.2 and 75.9 ng/m2/year at deep-water 2000 and 3500 m, respectively. This study first investigated POP levels in oceanic deep-water-deposited particles from existing global data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-De Lee
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; (J.-D.L.); (Y.-Y.G.)
| | - Tsyr-Huei Chiou
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Hong-Jie Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100811, China;
| | - How-Ran Chao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; (J.-D.L.); (Y.-Y.G.)
- Center for Agricultural, Forestry, Fishery, Livestock and Aquaculture Carbon Emission Inventory and Emerging Compounds, General Research Service Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Institute of Food Safety Management, College of Agriculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Kuang-Yu Chen
- National Applied Research Laboratories, Taiwan Ocean Research Institute, Kaohsiung 852, Taiwan;
| | - Yan-You Gou
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; (J.-D.L.); (Y.-Y.G.)
| | - Chien-Er Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Cheng Shiu University, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Super Micro Mass Research & Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Lun Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Lin-Chi Wang
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Nanzih District, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
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Li H, Zheng C, Zhang Y, Yang H, Li J. The directed acyclic graph helped identify confounders in the association between coronary heart disease and pesticide exposure among greenhouse vegetable farmers. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35073. [PMID: 37746981 PMCID: PMC10519556 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the causal pathways associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) and pesticide exposure using a directed acyclic graph (DAG) analysis and to investigate the potential benefits of DAG by comparing it with logistic regression. This cross-sectional study enrolled 1368 participants from April 2015 to May 2017. Trained research investigators interviewed farmers using a self-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression and DAG models were used to identify the associations between CHD and chronic pesticide exposure. A total of 150 (11.0%) of the 1368 participants are characterized as having CHD. High pesticide exposure (odds ratio = 2.852, 95% confidence intervals: 1.951-4.171) is associated with CHD when compare with low pesticide exposure by both DAG and logistic analyses. After adjusting for the additional potential influence of factors identified by the DAG analysis, there is no significant association, such as the results in logistic regression: ethnicity, education level, settlement time, and mixed pesticide status. Specifically, age, meal frequency, and consumption of fresh fruit, according to the DAG analysis, are independent factors for CHD. High pesticide exposure is a risk factor for CHD as indicated by both DAG and logistic regression analyses. DAG can be a preferable improvement over traditional regression methods to identify sources of bias and causal inference in observational studies, especially for complex research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Cheng Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Huifang Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jiangping Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
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Fan Y, Li T, Zhang Z, Song X, Cun D, Cui B, Wang Y. Uptake, accumulation, and degradation of dibutyl phthalate by three wetland plants. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 88:1508-1517. [PMID: 37768752 PMCID: wst_2023_291 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The uptake and degradation mechanisms of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) by three wetland plants, namely Lythrum salicaria, Thalia dealbata, and Canna indica, were studied using hydroponics. The results revealed that exposure to DBP at 0.5 mg/L had no significant effect on the growth of L. salicaria and C. indica but inhibited the growth of T. dealbata. After 28 days, DBP concentrations in the roots of L. salicaria, T. dealbata, and C. indica were 8.74, 5.67, and 5.46 mg/kg, respectively, compared to 2.03-3.95 mg/kg in stems and leaves. Mono-n-butyl phthalate concentrations in L. salicaria tissues were significantly higher than those in the other two plants at 23.1, 15.0, and 13.6 mg/kg in roots, stems, and leaves, respectively. The roots of L. salicaria also had the highest concentration of phthalic acid, reaching 2.45 mg/kg. Carboxylesterase, polyphenol oxidase, and superoxide dismutase may be the primary enzymes involved in DBP degradation in wetland plants. The activities of these three enzymes exhibited significant changes in plant tissues. The findings suggest L. salicaria as a potent plant for phytoremediation and use in constructed wetlands for the treatment of DBP-contaminated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaocheng Fan
- China Communications Construction Company Second Harbor Consultants Co., Ltd, Wuhan 430060, China; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China E-mail:
| | - Tiancui Li
- Ecological Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center, Yangtze River Basin Ecological Environment Supervision and Administration Bureau, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430010, China; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoyong Song
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Deshou Cun
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Baihui Cui
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuewei Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China
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Raj A, Dubey A, Malla MA, Kumar A. Pesticide pestilence: Global scenario and recent advances in detection and degradation methods. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 338:117680. [PMID: 37011532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Increased anthropogenic activities are confronted as the main cause for rising environmental and health concerns globally, presenting an indisputable threat to both environment and human well-being. Modern-day industrialization has given rise to a cascade of concurrent environmental and health challenges. The global human population is growing at an alarming rate, posing tremendous pressure on future food security, and healthy and environmentally sustainable diets for all. To feed all, the global food production needs to increase by 50% by 2050, but this increase has to occur from the limited arable land, and under the present-day climate variabilities. Pesticides have become an integral component of contemporary agricultural system, safeguarding crops from pests and diseases and their use must be reduce to fulfill the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals) agenda . However, their indiscriminate use, lengthy half-lives, and high persistence in soil and aquatic ecosystems have impacted global sustainability, overshot the planetary boundaries and damaged the pure sources of life with severe and negative impacts on environmental and human health. Here in this review, we have provided an overview of the background of pesticide use and pollution status and action strategies of top pesticide-using nations. Additionally, we have summarized biosensor-based methodologies for the rapid detection of pesticide residue. Finally, omics-based approaches and their role in pesticide mitigation and sustainable development have been discussed qualitatively. The main aim of this review is to provide the scientific facts for pesticide management and application and to provide a clean, green, and sustainable environment for future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Raj
- Metagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, 470003, M.P., India
| | - Anamika Dubey
- Metagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, 470003, M.P., India
| | - Muneer Ahmad Malla
- Department of Zoology, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, 470003, M.P, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Metagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, 470003, M.P., India; Metagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad (A Central University), Prayagraj, 211002, U.P., India.
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10
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Zheng H, Liu M, Lohmann R, Li D, Vojta S, Katz S, Wang W, Ke H, Wang C, Cai M. Gaseous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons over the South China Sea: Implications for atmospheric transport under monsoon influences. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 191:114982. [PMID: 37121185 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The seasonal monsoon variations have significant impact on the atmospheric transport of semi-volatile organic pollutants over the South China Sea (SCS). We analyzed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) over the basin and island areas (Yongxing Island and Yongshu Island) in 2017. Gaseous PAHs (0.17-1.4 ng m-3) showed spatio-temporal distinctions in their composition and sources among the basin and island areas. Mixed combustion sources of PAHs were identified over the SCS, including a petroleum source near the island areas. The transport routes of PAHs were inferred by the air mass back trajectories and potential source contribution factor analysis, identifying strong biomass burning signals from the Indochina Peninsula and other Southeast Asian countries. Emissions from approximately 90 % of the combustion sources were transported to basin areas by monsoons, whereas the island areas were dominated by local emissions. This study emphasizes the main potential terrestrial source of PAHs over the SCS under monsoon influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Mengyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Rainer Lohmann
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, United States
| | - Daning Li
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Simon Vojta
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, United States
| | - Samuel Katz
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, United States
| | - Weimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hongwei Ke
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Minggang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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11
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Castro-Ramirez I, Rocha-Amador DO, Ruiz-Vera T, Alegría-Torres JA, Cruz-Jiménez G, Enciso-Donis I, Costilla-Salazar R. Environmental and biological monitoring of organochlorine pesticides in the city of Salamanca, Mexico. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:2839-2856. [PMID: 36066703 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01368-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The former Tekchem Industrial Unit located in the city of Salamanca, Mexico, constitutes an environmental liability in which the presence of high levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) has been reported. In the present study, levels of OCPs were quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in 52 soil samples and in 88 blood samples from school-age children in the city of Salamanca. A median concentration of 70.6 ng/g (6.93-3299) was obtained for total OCPs in soil, while for the total sum of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) the value was 49.6 ng/g (6.93-3276). In children, the median level of the total sum of OCPs was 390 ng/g lipid (7.34-14,895), and for the total sum of DDT was 175 ng/g lipid (< LOD-14,802). The OCPs that resulted in highest concentrations in soil were DDT and its metabolites, as well as aldrin and heptachlor epoxide, while in blood the highest levels corresponded to 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (4,4'-DDT) and its metabolites, followed by heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide. The spatial distribution of the concentrations of OCPs in soil shows that the facilities of Tekchem may be a significant potential source for the dispersion of these compounds toward the metropolitan area of Salamanca. The results obtained in the present study demonstrate the presence of OCPs in soil and in child population, providing important bases to study the problem from a broader perspective, while reiterating the importance of continuing efforts to generate resolute and precautionary measures with respect to the environmental liability of Tekchem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Castro-Ramirez
- DICIVA, Environmental Science Department, University of Guanajuato, Irapuato, Mexico
| | | | - Tania Ruiz-Vera
- DICIVA, Environmental Science Department, University of Guanajuato, Irapuato, Mexico
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12
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Yang B, Ye Z, Zhu X, Huang R, Song E, Song Y. The redox activity of polychlorinated biphenyl quinone metabolite orchestrates its pro-atherosclerosis effect via CAV1 phosphorylation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 457:131697. [PMID: 37257380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Further investigations are required to prove that polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) exposure is a cardiovascular disease risk factor. Unlike previous studies that attributed the atherogenic effect of PCBs to aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation, we illustrated a new mechanism involved in the redox reactivity of PCBs. We discover the redox reactivity of quinone moiety is the primary factor for PCB29-pQ-induced proinflammatory response, which highly depends on the status of caveolin 1 (CAV1) phosphorylation. PCB29-pQ-mediated CAV1 phosphorylation disrupts endothelial nitric oxide synthase, toll-like receptor 4, and reduces interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 binding with CAV1. Phosphorylated proteomics analysis indicated that PCB29-pQ treatment significantly enriched phosphorylated peptides in protein binding functions, inflammation, and apoptosis signaling. Meanwhile, apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice exposed to PCB29-pQ had increased atherosclerotic plaques compared to the vehicle group, while this effect was significantly reduced in ApoE-/-/CAV1-/- double knockout mice. Thus, we hypothesis CAV1 is a platform for proinflammatory cascades induced by PCB29-pQ on atherosclerotic processes. Together, these findings confirm that the redox activity of PCB metabolite plays a role in the etiology of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingwei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhishuai Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Rongchong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Erqun Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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13
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Sun Q, Zhang X, Liu C, A N, Ying S, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Shi M. The content of PAEs in field soils caused by the residual film has a periodical peak. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 864:161078. [PMID: 36565862 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The wide use of plastic film mulch has led to the release of phthalate esters (PAEs), which seriously threatens the soil environment and the safety of crop production. However, it is unknown whether there is a maximum threshold of soil PAEs accumulation induced by plastic film residue, and the dynamic changes of soil PAEs under field conditions are still unclear. To address these issues, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the temporal fluctuations of soil PAEs content and the response of microbial community structure in the field with plastic film residue. Results showed that the content of soil PAEs fluctuated during an observation period of one year, had a periodical peak in winter and summer, and was exacerbated by the increase in the aging degree and residual amount of plastic films. The PAEs content in soil with black films was higher than the US soil allowable criteria. High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that the addition of residual film significantly increased the alpha diversity of bacterial communities, changed the structure of bacterial community, and generated significant disturbances in bacterial function. Besides, the residual film recruited more microbiota related to plastic film and PAEs degradation. Results of the present study provide insight into the dynamic variation of soil PAEs caused by plastic film residue in one year, which is important to help evaluate the pollution risk of PAEs on soils and crops caused by residual plastic film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Sun
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenrui Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nier A
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shan Ying
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junxin Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yutong Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mei Shi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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14
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Li X, Wang Q, Jiang N, Lv H, Liang C, Yang H, Yao X, Wang J. Occurrence, source, ecological risk, and mitigation of phthalates (PAEs) in agricultural soils and the environment: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 220:115196. [PMID: 36592811 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The widespread distribution of phthalates (PAEs) in agricultural soils is increasing drastically; however, the environmental occurrence and potential risk of PAEs in agricultural systems remain largely unreviewed. In this study, the occurrence, sources, ecotoxicity, exposure risks, and control measures of PAEs contaminants in agricultural soils are summarized, and it is concluded that PAEs have been widely detected and persist in the soil at concentrations ranging from a few μg/kg to tens of mg/kg, with spatial and vertical variations in China. Agrochemicals and atmospheric deposition have largely contributed to the elevated contamination status of PAEs in soils. In addition, PAEs cause multi-level hazards to soil organisms (survival, oxidative damage, genetic and molecular levels, etc.) and further disrupt the normal ecological functions of soil. The health hazards of PAEs to humans are mainly generated through dietary and non-dietary pathways, and children may be at a higher risk of exposure than adults. Improving the soil microenvironment and promoting biochemical reactions and metabolic processes of PAEs are the main mechanisms for mitigating contamination. Based on these reviews, this study provides a valuable framework for determining future study objectives to reveal environmental risks and reduce the resistance control of PAEs in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxu Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271S000, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271S000, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271S000, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712000, China
| | - Huijuan Lv
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271S000, China
| | - Chunliu Liang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271S000, China
| | - Huiyan Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271S000, China
| | - Xiangfeng Yao
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271S000, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271S000, China.
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15
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Huang YH, Yang YJ, Wu X, Zhu CL, Lü H, Zhao HM, Xiang L, Li H, Mo CH, Li YW, Cai QY, Li QX. Adaptation of bacterial community in maize rhizosphere for enhancing dissipation of phthalic acid esters in agricultural soil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 444:130292. [PMID: 36399821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rhizospheric degradation is a green and in situ strategy to accelerate dissipation of organic pollutants in soils. However, the mechanism on microbial degradation of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in rhizosphere is still unclear. Here, the bacterial community and function genes in bulk and rhizospheric soils of maize (Zea mays L.) exposed to gradient concentrations of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were analyzed with 16 S rRNA, metagenomic sequencing and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Maize rhizosphere significantly increased the dissipation of DEHP by 4.02-11.5% in comparison with bulk soils. Bacterial community in rhizosphere exhibited more intensive response and shaped its beneficial structure and functions to DEHP stress than that in bulk soils. Both rhizospheric and pollution effects enriched more PAE-degrading bacteria (e.g., Bacillus and Rhizobium) and function genes in rhizosphere than in bulk soil, which played important roles in degradation of PAEs in rhizosphere. The PAE-degrading bacteria (including genera Sphingomonas, Sphingopyxis and Lysobacter) identified as keystone species participated in DEHP biodegradation. Identification of PAE intermediates and metagenomic reconstruction of PAE degradation pathways demonstrated that PAE-degrading bacteria degraded PAEs through cooperation with PAE-degrading and non-PAE-degrading bacteria. This study provides a comprehensive knowledge for the microbial mechanism on the superior dissipation of PAEs in rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yu-Jie Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaolian Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Cui-Lan Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Huixiong Lü
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hai-Ming Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lei Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ce-Hui Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yan-Wen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Quan-Ying Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Bioscience and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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16
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Liu Y, Yang Z, Zhu C, Zhang B, Li H. The Eco-Agricultural Industrial Chain: The Meaning, Content and Practices. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3281. [PMID: 36833976 PMCID: PMC9960055 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets. Resource-saving and environmentally friendly industrial structures, production, and living modes are pursued continuously for sustainable ecological development. According to the Second National Pollution-Source Survey, agricultural non-point pollution is still the most important source of the current water pollution. In order to improve the water environment and control the pollution, the meaning and content of the eco-agricultural industrial chain was introduced. Based on this conception, the eco-agricultural industrial chain, integrating a whole circular system with different sessions of crop farming, animal breeding, agricultural product processing, and rural living, was innovatively put forward to control the agricultural non-point pollution and protect the water environment systematically for the first time in this paper. The sustainable development was realized at a large scale from the reduction and harmlessness at the source, resource utilization in the process, and ecological restoration in the end. Core techniques were innovated based on the integration of agricultural industries to achieve the high-quality and green development of agriculture. The system included ecological breeding technologies, ecological cultivation technologies, as well as rural sewage treatment and recycling technologies, in the principle of reduce, reuse, and resource. Based on this, the agricultural production changed from the traditional mode of "resources-products-wastes" to the circulation pattern of "resources-products-renewable resources-products". Thus, the final aim could be achieved to realize the material's multilevel use and energy conversion in the system. The eco-agricultural industrial chain technology was proven to be efficient to achieve both the good control of agricultural non-point pollution and an effective improvement in the water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution, Ministry of Education, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Changxiong Zhu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Baogang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution, Ministry of Education, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongna Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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17
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Sun B, Luo Y, Yang D, Yang J, Zhao Y, Zhang J. Coordinative Management of Soil Resources and Agricultural Farmland Environment for Food Security and Sustainable Development in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3233. [PMID: 36833927 PMCID: PMC9966783 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Major problems in China's pursuit of sustainable agricultural development include inadequate, low-quality soil and water resources, imbalanced regional allocation and unreasonable utilization of resources. In some regions, overexploitation of soil resources and excessive use of chemicals triggered a web of unforeseen consequences, including insufficient use of agricultural resources, agricultural non-point source pollution and land degradation. In the past decade, China has changed its path of agricultural development from an output-oriented one to a modern, sustainable one with agricultural ecological civilization as its goal. First, the government has formulated and improved its laws and regulations on soil resources and the environment. Second, the government has conducted serious actions to ensure food safety and coordinated management of agricultural resources. Third, the government has planned to establish national agricultural high-tech industry demonstration zones based on regional features to strengthen the connection among the government, agri-businesses, scientific community and the farming community. As the next step, the government should improve the system for ecological and environmental regulation and set up a feasible eco-incentive mechanism. At the same time, the scientific community should strengthen the innovation of bottleneck technologies and the development of whole solutions for sustainable management in ecologically fragile regions. This will enhance the alignment between policy mechanisms and technology modes and effectively promote the sustainable development of agriculture in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Science and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yongming Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Science and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Dianlin Yang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Jingsong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Science and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yuguo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Science and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Science and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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18
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Ma J, Lu Y, Teng Y, Tan C, Ren W, Cao X. Occurrence and health risk assessment of phthalate esters in tobacco and soils in tobacco-producing areas of Guizhou province, southwest China. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135193. [PMID: 35679984 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flue-cured tobacco is one of the important sources of national economy in China. However, Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are ubiquitous contaminants in the cultivation and growth management of flue-cured tobacco, and attracting more and more attention. Here, six priority PAEs were detected in tobacco and soils and their residue characteristics, pollution sources were analyzed, and their exposure risks to the health of farmers were assessed. The concentration of six total PAEs ranged from 0.78 to 4.79 mg/kg in tobacco with the average of 1.75 mg/kg, and 0.84-25.68 mg/kg in soils with the average of 5.40 mg/kg. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) had the highest detection frequency (DF = 100%) both in soil and tobacco samples. DEHP was the most abundant of the total PAEs in soil and tobacco samples, with the mean contribution values of 71.0% and 58.8%, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicates that the major sources of PAEs in the tobacco-soil system were plastic films, fertilizers and pesticides. Health risk assessment suggests that the non-cancer hazard indexes (NCHI) of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), DBP and di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) in all samples for farmers were at acceptable levels (NCHI < 1), and the average carcinogenic hazard indexes (CHI) of butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) and DEHP for farmers were 3.79 × 10-13 and 8.54 × 10-11 in soils, respectively, 8.23 × 10-13 and 1.95 × 10-11 in tobacco, respectively, which were considered to be very low level (CHI < 10-6). This study provides data on PAEs in tobacco and soils and their health risks which may provide valuable information to aid the management of tobacco cultivation and risk avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China; College of Materials and Chemistry, Tongren University, Tongren, 554300, China.
| | - Yingang Lu
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ying Teng
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Changyin Tan
- School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Wenjie Ren
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xueying Cao
- Rural Vitalization Research Institute, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China
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19
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Li X, Li N, Wang C, Wang A, Kong W, Song P, Wang J. Occurrence of Phthalate Acid Esters (PAEs) in Protected Agriculture Soils and Implications for Human Health Exposure. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 109:548-555. [PMID: 35689130 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03553-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study explored occurrence of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in protected agriculture soils and assessed their potential health risks to humans. Results showed that DEHP and DBP were the most abundant PAEs congeners, with mean concentrations of 318.68 μg/kg and 137.56 μg/kg, respectively. DOP and BBP concentrations were relatively low, and DMP and DEP were not detected in all samples. DBP concentrations were higher than the allowable concentration standard value. Additionally, soil pH and organic matter were key environmental parameters which may play the vital roles to the occurrence of organic pollutants. Heath risk assessment results indicated that dermal contact was the predominant human exposure route under non-dietary conditions, and children obtained higher health risk scores than adults. In summary, the overall health risk scores were at an acceptable level. These results provide insights for assessing soil environmental safety and ecological risks in protected agricultural soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxu Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Can Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Anyu Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Wenjia Kong
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Peipei Song
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, China.
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20
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Xing H, Yu X, Huang J, Du X, Wang M, Sun J, Lu G, Tao X. Characteristics and Health Risks of Phthalate Ester Contamination in Soil and Plants in Coastal Areas of South China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159516. [PMID: 35954873 PMCID: PMC9367859 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are widely used as plasticizers in industrial and commercial products, and are classified as endocrine-disrupting compounds. In this study, we investigated the contamination characteristics and health risks of PAEs in the soil–plant system in coastal areas of South China. PAEs were detected in soil and plant samples at all 37 sampling sites. The total concentration of the 15 PAEs in soil samples ranged from 0.445 to 4.437 mg/kg, and the mean concentration was 1.582 ± 0.937 mg/kg. The total concentration of the 15 PAEs in plant samples ranged from 2.176 to 30.276 mg/kg, and the mean concentration was 8.712 ± 5.840 mg/kg. Di(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) were the major PAEs compounds in all samples. The selected contaminants exhibited completely different spatial distributions within the study area. Notably, higher concentrations of PAEs were found in the coastal Guangdong Province of South China. The average noncarcinogenic risks of Σ6 PAEs were at acceptable levels via dietary and nondietary routes. However, the noncarcinogenic risks posed by DEHP and DBP at some sampling sites were relatively high. Furthermore, dietary and nondietary carcinogenic risks were very low for BBP, but carcinogenic risks posed by DEHP via diet. The results suggest that PAEs in the coastal soil–plant system in South China, through human risk assessment, will induce some adverse effects on human health, especially in children. This study provides an important basis for risk management of PAEs in agriculture, and safety in coastal areas of South China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (H.X.); (X.D.); (M.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China; (X.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Xiaolong Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China; (X.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Jiahui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China; (X.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Xiaodong Du
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (H.X.); (X.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Mengting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (H.X.); (X.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Jianteng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (H.X.); (X.D.); (M.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China; (X.Y.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (G.L.)
| | - Guining Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (H.X.); (X.D.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (G.L.)
| | - Xueqin Tao
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China;
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21
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Ogbodo JO, Arazu AV, Iguh TC, Onwodi NJ, Ezike TC. Volatile organic compounds: A proinflammatory activator in autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:928379. [PMID: 35967306 PMCID: PMC9373925 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.928379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiopathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including pulmonary disease, atherosclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis, has been linked to human exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOC) present in the environment. Chronic inflammation due to immune breakdown and malfunctioning of the immune system has been projected to play a major role in the initiation and progression of autoimmune disorders. Macrophages, major phagocytes involved in the regulation of chronic inflammation, are a major target of VOC. Excessive and prolonged activation of immune cells (T and B lymphocytes) and overexpression of the master pro-inflammatory constituents [cytokine and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, together with other mediators (interleukin-6, interleukin-1, and interferon-gamma)] have been shown to play a central role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune inflammatory responses. The function and efficiency of the immune system resulting in immunostimulation and immunosuppression are a result of exogenous and endogenous factors. An autoimmune disorder is a by-product of the overproduction of these inflammatory mediators. Additionally, an excess of these toxicants helps in promoting autoimmunity through alterations in DNA methylation in CD4 T cells. The purpose of this review is to shed light on the possible role of VOC exposure in the onset and progression of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Onyebuchi Ogbodo
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukkagu, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Amarachukwu Vivan Arazu
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukkagu, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Tochukwu Chisom Iguh
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Ngozichukwuka Julie Onwodi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Tobechukwu Christian Ezike
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
- *Correspondence: Tobechukwu Christian Ezike,
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22
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Henrique JMM, Isidro J, Saez C, Lopez-Vizcaíno R, Yustres A, Navarro V, Dos Santos EV, Rodrigo MA. Combining Soil Vapor Extraction and Electrokinetics for the Removal of Hexachlorocyclohexanes from Soil. Chemistry 2022; 12:e202200022. [PMID: 35876395 PMCID: PMC10152886 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This paper focuses on the evaluation of the mobility of four hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers by soil vapor extraction (SVE) coupled with direct electrokinetic (EK) treatment without adding flushing fluids. SVE was found to be very efficient and remove nearly 70 % of the four HCH in the 15-days of the tests. The application of electrokinetics produced the transport of HCH to the cathode by different electrochemical processes, which were satisfactorily modelled with a 1-D transport equation. The increase in the electric field led to an increase in the transport of pollutants, although 15 days was found to be a very short time for an efficient transportation of the pollutants to the nearness of the cathode. Loss of water content in the vicinity of the cathode warns about the necessity of using electrokinetic flushing technologies instead of simple direct electrokinetics. Thus, results point out that direct electrokinetic treatment without adding flushing fluids produced low current intensities and ohmic heating that contributes negatively to the performance of the SVE process. No relevant differences were found among the removal of the four isomers, neither in SVE nor in EK processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- João M M Henrique
- Postgraduate Program in Chemical Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, 59078-970, Natal/RN, Brazil.,Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario, s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Julia Isidro
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario, s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Cristina Saez
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario, s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Rúben Lopez-Vizcaíno
- Geoenvironmental Group, Civil Engineering School, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Angel Yustres
- Geoenvironmental Group, Civil Engineering School, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Vicente Navarro
- Geoenvironmental Group, Civil Engineering School, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Elisama V Dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Chemical Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, 59078-970, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Manuel A Rodrigo
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario, s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
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23
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Wang Y, Wang S, Jiang L, Ma L, Li X, Zhong M, Zhang W. Does the Geographic Difference of Soil Properties Matter for Setting Up the Soil Screening Levels in Large Countries Like China? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:5684-5693. [PMID: 35443131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
China issued the unified national soil screening levels (NSSLs) in 2018 to assist the regulation of contaminated sites, but the applicability of NSSLs was not thoroughly evaluated. Datasets from the National Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Scientific Data Center indicated great variability of soil organic matter (0.8-173 g/kg), soil water content (0.05-0.6), soil porosity (0.4-0.6), and soil bulk density (1.11-1.59 kg/m3). We analyzed the effects of soil properties on the derivation of SSLs by using Monte Carlo simulations. The soil factors mainly affected the inhalation exposure pathway of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). They had an effect of more than two orders of magnitude on SSLs for most selected VOCs, particularly with the parameters 0.35 > Henry's law constant > 0.1 and carbon-water distribution coefficient of >100. We compared NSSLs with the recommended SSLs assuming fifth percentile by using Monte Carlo simulations. In general, NSSLs were not sufficient to identify contaminated sites that require additional investigation in the south, central, and northwest regions but were too conservative in screening sites out that required no further action in the east and northeast regions. Our framework and findings may contribute to more scientific and effective soil quality management in other large countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- National Engineering Research Centre of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Shijie Wang
- National Engineering Research Centre of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- National Engineering Research Centre of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Lin Ma
- National Engineering Research Centre of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- National Engineering Research Centre of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Maosheng Zhong
- National Engineering Research Centre of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- National Engineering Research Centre of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
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24
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Maddela NR, Ramakrishnan B, Kakarla D, Venkateswarlu K, Megharaj M. Major contaminants of emerging concern in soils: a perspective on potential health risks. RSC Adv 2022; 12:12396-12415. [PMID: 35480371 PMCID: PMC9036571 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09072k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil pollution by the contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) or emerging contaminants deserves attention worldwide because of their toxic health effects and the need for developing regulatory guidelines. Though the global soil burden by certain CECs is in several metric tons, the source-tracking of these contaminants in soil environments is difficult due to heterogeneity of the medium and complexities associated with the interactive mechanisms. Most CECs have higher affinities towards solid matrices for adsorption. The CECs alter not only soil functionalities but also those of plants and animals. Their toxicities are at nmol to μmol levels in cell cultures and test animals. These contaminants have a higher propensity in accumulating mostly in root-based food crops, threatening human health. Poor understanding on the fate of certain CECs in anaerobic environments and their transfer pathways in the food web limits the development of effective bioremediation strategies and restoration of the contaminated soils and endorsement of global regulatory efforts. Despite their proven toxicities to the biotic components, there are no environmental laws or guidelines for certain CECs. Moreover, the information available on the impact of soil pollution with CECs on human health is fragmentary. Therefore, we provide here a comprehensive account on five significantly important CECs, viz., (i) PFAS, (ii) micro/nanoplastics, (iii) additives (biphenyls, phthalates), (iv) novel flame retardants, and (v) nanoparticles. The emphasis is on (a) degree of soil burden of CECs and the consequences, (b) endocrine disruption and immunotoxicity, (c) genotoxicity and carcinogenicity, and (d) soil health guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga Raju Maddela
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Técnica de Manabí Portoviejo 130105 Ecuador
- Instituto de Investigación, Universidad Técnica de Manabí Portoviejo 130105 Ecuador
| | | | - Dhatri Kakarla
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- Formerly Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University Anantapuramu 515003 India
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia
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25
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Abstract
Countries globally trade with tons of waste materials every year, some of which are highly hazardous. This trade admits a network representation of the world-wide waste web, with countries as vertices and flows as directed weighted edges. Here we investigate the main properties of this network by tracking 108 categories of wastes interchanged in the period 2001–2019. Although, most of the hazardous waste was traded between developed nations, a disproportionate asymmetry existed in the flow from developed to developing countries. Using a dynamical model, we simulate how waste stress propagates through the network and affects the countries. We identify 28 countries with low Environmental Performance Index that are at high risk of waste congestion. Therefore, they are at threat of improper handling and disposal of hazardous waste. We find evidence of pollution by heavy metals, by volatile organic compounds and/or by persistent organic pollutants, which are used as chemical fingerprints, due to the improper handling of waste in several of these countries. The 2001–2019 web of international waste trade is investigated, allowing the identification of countries at threat of improper handling and disposal of waste. Chemical tracers are used to identify the environmental impact of waste in these countries.
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26
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Wang W, Xu J, Qu X, Lin D, Yang K. Current and Future Trends of Low and High Molecular Weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Surface Water and Sediments of China: Insights from Their Long-Term Relationships between Concentrations and Emissions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:3397-3406. [PMID: 35235289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the temporal trend of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in China using data reported over the past 20 years. We found that the total concentrations of low molecular weight PAHs (CΣLPAHs) in surface water and sediments were positively correlated with their total emissions (EΣLPAHs), which increased between 2000 and 2008, then decreased until 2017. Additionally, the total concentrations of high molecular weight PAHs (C∑HPAHs) in surface water and sediments were positively correlated with their total emissions (EΣHPAHs), which increased significantly from 2000 to 2014 and then plateaued. Two future scenarios were assessed to explore C∑LPAHs and C∑HPAHs in surface water and sediments. PAH emissions were reduced by technological improvement in 2030 for coal consumption in Scenario 1 and for control of biomass burning in Scenario 2. Scenario 1 was more efficient than Scenario 2 in reducing C∑HPAHs in the surface water and sediments of China for the areas where CΣHPAHs in surface water exceeded the annual average standard (i.e., 30 ng L-1), with reductions of 38 and 24% in Scenarios 1 and 2, respectively. The observed relationships in this study can provide tools for emission reduction policies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jialu Xu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaolei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Daohui Lin
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311200, China
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27
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Wang W, Xu H, Qu X, Yang K, Lin D. Predicting the total PAHs concentrations in sediments from selected congeners using a multiple linear relationship. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3334. [PMID: 35228618 PMCID: PMC8885927 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we observed that four congeners, including naphthalene (Nap), acenaphthylene (Acy), phenanthrene (Phe), and benz(a)anthracene (BaA), are the characteristic congeners for predicting the emission and the sediment concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). A novel multiple relationship of the total PAHs concentrations (C∑PAHs) in sediments with the concentrations of four congeners was established (p < 0.01, R2 = 0.95) using published data over the past 30 years. Moreover, the multiple linear relationship of the total PAHs emission factors with the emission factors of four congeners was also established (p < 0.01, R2 = 0.99). Interestingly, the ratio of multicomponents coefficient from the multiple linear relationship in sediments to that from the multiple linear relationship in emission sources correlated positively with octanol–water partition coefficient (logKow) (p < 0.01, R2 = 0.88) of the four PAHs congeners. Therefore, a novel model was established to predict CΣPAHs in sediments using the emissions and logKow of the four characteristic PAHs congeners. The percent sample deviation between calculated C∑PAHs and their observed values was 54%, suggesting the established model can accurately predict CΣPAHs in sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Huaping Xu
- Mathematics Teaching and Research Section, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Xiaolei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311200, China.
| | - Daohui Lin
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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28
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Kamaraj Y, Jayathandar RS, Dhayalan S, Subramaniyan S, Punamalai G. Biodegradation of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate by novel Rhodococcus sp. PFS1 strain isolated from paddy field soil. Arch Microbiol 2021; 204:21. [PMID: 34910254 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02632-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) is the phthalate ester frequently utilized as a plasticizer, commonly found in cosmetics, packaging materials; moreover, it has carcinogenic and mutagenic effects on humans. In the current study, we isolated the soil bacterium Rhodococcus sp. PFS1 and to assess its DEHP degradation ability in various environmental conditions. The strain PFS1 was isolated from paddy field soil and identified by the 16S rRNA sequencing analyses. The strain PFS1 was examined for its biodegradation ability of DEHP at various pH, temperature, salt concentration, glucose concentration, and high and low concentrations of DEHP. Moreover, the biodegradation of DEHP at a contaminated soil environment by strain PFS1 was assessed. Further, the metabolic pathway of DEHP degradation by PFS1 was analyzed by HPLC-MS analysis. The results showed that the strain PFS1 effectively degraded the DEHP at neutral pH and temperature 30 °C; moreover, expressed excellent DEHP degradation at the high salt concentration (up to 50 g/L). The strain PFS1 was efficiently degraded the different tested phthalate esters (PAEs) up to 90%, significantly removed the DEHP contamination in soil along with native organisms which are present in soil up to 94.66%; nevertheless, the PFS1 alone degraded the DEHP up to 87.665% in sterilized soil. According to HPLC-MS analysis, DEHP was degraded into phthalate (PA) by PFS1 strain via mono(2-ethylehxyl) phthalate (MEHP); then PA was utilized for cell growth. These results suggest that Rhodococcus sp. PFS1 has excellent potential to degrade DEHP at various environmental conditions especially in contaminated paddy field soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoganathan Kamaraj
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, 608002, India
| | - Rajesh Singh Jayathandar
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajah Serfoji Government College, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, 613005, India
| | - Sangeetha Dhayalan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, 608002, India
| | - Satheeshkumar Subramaniyan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, 608002, India
| | - Ganesh Punamalai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, 608002, India.
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29
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Li J, He C, Cao X, Sui H, Li X, He L. Low temperature thermal desorption-chemical oxidation hybrid process for the remediation of organic contaminated model soil: A case study. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2021; 243:103908. [PMID: 34717180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2021.103908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The efficiencies of thermal desorption and oxidation process in engineering soil remediation are to some extent limited due to the huge loss of heat to the soil or underground water or mass transfer resistance in the soil. To enhance the oxidation and improve the energy utilization. Herein, the thermal desorption process and the oxidation process (by ozone) are combined together to remediate the organic contaminated model soil (take the 2,4-dimethylaniline (2,4-DMA) as pollutant). Results show that this hybrid process could not only reduce the thermal desorption temperature (as low as 50-90 °C), but also improve the oxidation efficiency significantly, even achieving 100% degradation of 2,4-DMA in less than 10 min in the soil. It is found that the remediation efficiency by the hybrid process is also highly dependent on different operational parameters, including the heating temperature, ozone concentration, especially the moisture content in the soil. The results suggest that a proper content of water in the soil is beneficial for the degradation of pollutants by the hybrid process. Finally, the degradation kinetics and mechanisms of 2,4-DMA in the soil by the hybrid process has been primarily discussed. These findings suggest that the low temperature enhanced chemical oxidation process would be a promising method for future remediation of organic contaminated soil due to its relatively low energy consuming and high removal efficiency in shorter time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Changfan He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; National Engineering Research Center of Distillation Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xingtao Cao
- CNOOC EnerTech- Beijing Safety& Environmental Protection Engineering Technology Research Institute, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hong Sui
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; National Engineering Research Center of Distillation Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xingang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; National Engineering Research Center of Distillation Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lin He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; National Engineering Research Center of Distillation Technology, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Bandowe BAM, Shukurov N, Leimer S, Kersten M, Steinberger Y, Wilcke W. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils of an industrial area in semi-arid Uzbekistan: spatial distribution, relationship with trace metals and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:4847-4861. [PMID: 34041653 PMCID: PMC8528758 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00974-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations, composition patterns, transport and fate of PAHs in semi-arid and arid soils such as in Central Asia are not well known. Such knowledge is required to manage the risk posed by these toxic chemicals to humans and ecosystems in these regions. To fill this knowledge gap, we determined the concentrations of 21 parent PAHs, 4,5-methylenephenanthrene, 6 alkylated PAHs, and biphenyl in soils from 11 sampling locations (0-10, 10-20 cm soil depths) along a 20-km transect downwind from the Almalyk metal mining and metallurgical industrial complex (Almalyk MMC), Uzbekistan. The concentrations of Σ29 PAHs and Σ16 US-EPA PAHs were 41-2670 ng g-1 and 29-1940 ng g-1, respectively. The highest concentration of Σ29 PAHs occurred in the immediate vicinity of the copper smelting factory of the Almalyk MMC. The concentrations in topsoil decreased substantially to a value of ≤ 200 ng g-1 (considered as background concentration) at ≥ 2 km away from the factory. Low molecular weight PAHs dominated the PAH mixtures at less contaminated sites and high molecular weight PAHs at the most contaminated site. The concentration of Σ16 US-EPA PAHs did not exceed the precautionary values set by the soil quality guidelines of, e.g., Switzerland and Germany. Similarly, the benzo[a]pyrene equivalent concentration in soils near the Almalyk MMC did not exceed the value set by the Canadian guidelines for the protection of humans from carcinogenic PAHs in soils. Consequently, the cancer risk due to exposure to PAHs in these soils can be considered as low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Musa Bandowe
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max-Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Nosir Shukurov
- Institute of Geology and Geophysics, State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Geology and Mineral Resources, Olimlar street 64, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, 100041
- Geosciences Institute, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sophia Leimer
- Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Reinhard-Baumeister-Platz 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Kersten
- Geosciences Institute, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yosef Steinberger
- The Mina and Everard Goodman, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 52900, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Wolfgang Wilcke
- Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Reinhard-Baumeister-Platz 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Wang W, Qu X, Lin D, Yang K. Octanol-water partition coefficient (logK ow) dependent movement and time lagging of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from emission sources to lake sediments: A case study of Taihu Lake, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117709. [PMID: 34243082 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the movement of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from emission sources to sediments is important for achieving long-term pollution control of PAHs in sediments. In this study, by exploring the correlation of individual PAHs concentrations (CPAHs) in Taihu Lake sediments reported in the past twenty years with their annual emissions (EPAHs) in the lake region, it was observed that mean concentrations of PAHs with low logKow (i.e., logKow≤4.00) in Taihu Lake sediments were correlated best with their emissions without lagging between the sediment sampling time and the PAHs emitting time. However, for PAHs with middle logKow (i.e., 4.00<logKow≤4.57) or high logKow (i.e., logKow>4.57), their mean concentrations in sediments were correlated best with the emissions of PAHs emitted 1 or 2 years before the sediment sampling time. The longer lagging time of PAHs with middle or high logKow from emission sources to lake sediments could be attributed to their retardation in soils and river sediments around the lake. Moreover, the retardation in soils and river sediments is dependent on PAHs logKow and degradation half-life, indicating the dependence of PAHs concentration in sediments on their environmental behaviors, including sorption and degradation. Kow dependent movement and the time lagging observed in Taihu Lake for PAHs from emission sources to sediments could be valuable for developing measures to control PAHs, especially for congeners with high logKow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaolei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Daohui Lin
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Abstract
The concentrations of 15 individual PAHs in 93 peat cores have been determined by using high-performance liquid chromatography methods. In the profile the qualitative and quantitative composition of PAHs was non-uniform estimated in a wide range: from 112 to 3673 ng/g with mean 1214 ± 794 ng/g. Among 15 identified individual PAHs, the main contribution to their total amount was made by heavy highly condensed PAHs in the Eastern European peat plateaus, in particular, 6-nuclear benzo[ghi]perylene (1021 ± 707 ng/g), whereas in West Siberian permafrost peatlands, light PAHs were dominating, mostly naphthalene and phenanthrene (211 ± 87 and 64 ± 25 ng/g, respectively). The grass-equisetum peat contained the maximum of heavy PAHs and the dwarf shrub-grass—the minimum. In grass-dwarf shrub, grass-moss and moss peat, the share of 2-nuclear PAHs was most significant: naphthalene and fluorene, as well as 6-nuclear benzo[ghi]perylene. The presence of benzo[ghi]perylene in the entire peat strata, including its permafrost layer, was a marker of the anaerobic conditions that persisted throughout the Holocene and they were necessary for the synthesis of this compound.
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Wang Y, Zhang Z, Bao M, Xu Y, Zhang L, Tan F, Zhao H. Characteristics and risk assessment of organophosphate esters and phthalates in soils and vegetation from Dalian, northeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 284:117532. [PMID: 34261226 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the concentration, composition, and potential risk of organophosphate esters (OPEs) and phthalates (PAEs) in soils and vegetation from rural areas of Dalian, Northeast China. The residues of total OPEs and PAEs in soils were in the range of 33.1-136 ng/g dw (dry weight) and 465-5450 ng/g dw, while the values in plants were 140-2360 ng/g dw and 2440-21800 ng/g dw, respectively. The concentrations of both chemicals in the plant rhizosphere soils were significantly lower than those in the bulk soils, suggesting an enhanced degradation or uptake by plant. The contaminations in soils also varied for different land use types with the concentrations generally higher in paddy soils than those in maize soils. The OPE and PAE concentrations in plant leaves were slightly higher than those in their corresponding roots. The bioconcentration factors of OPEs & PAEs were significantly negatively correlated with their octanol-water partition coefficients. A hazard assessment suggested potential medium to high risks from tricresyl phosphate (TMPP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DNBP) for the agricultural soils in Dalian of China. Although the ecological risks of OPEs and PAEs in the rhizosphere soils were lower than those in the bulk soils, the relevant risk could still endanger human health via oral intake of these plants. The daily dietary intakes of OPEs and PAEs via vegetable and rice consuming were estimated, and the result suggests a higher exposure risk via ingestion of leafy vegetable than rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Meijun Bao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Feng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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Wang D, Xi Y, Shi XY, Han YN, Zhang N, Ahmad F, Li FM. Reduction effects of solar radiation, mechanical tension, and soil burial on phthalate esters concentrations in plastic film and soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 778:146341. [PMID: 34030352 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are potentially dangerous chemicals in plastic film mulched fields; however, few studies have investigated how to reduce their concentrations in plastic film and soil. In this study, the effects of solar radiation, mechanical tension, and soil burial on PAEs concentrations in polyethylene (PE) film and degradable film were investigated, and the half-lives of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in soil also studied. PAEs concentrations in polyethylene films were about twice those in the degradable films; however, PAEs concentrations in all experimental films were similar after 1-year of field exposure. Mechanical tension had no effect on the PAEs concentrations of polyethylene films, but increased the detected concentrations of PAEs in degradable films by 34%-120%. After 4-years of burial, the PAEs concentrations in films decreased by 79.2%-98.0%, and mechanical tension promoted the reductions. However, there was little difference in PAEs concentrations between the buried soils with and without films, indicating the released PAEs reduced quickly in soil. Also, the half-lives of DBP and DEHP were 2.4-4.6 days and 18.5-41.4 days, respectively. Overall, the results presented herein provide reasonable approaches to reduce the concentrations of PAEs in plastic films and soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yue Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ya-Nan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Farhan Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Feng-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China.
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Li Q, Zeng A, Jiang X, Gu X. Are microplastics correlated to phthalates in facility agriculture soil? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 412:125164. [PMID: 33516104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Intensive use of plastic films can induce contamination of microplastics (MPs) and phthalate esters (PAEs), but data on their relationship in agricultural soil has been scarce. This study investigated the occurrence of MPs and PAEs in Shouguang (SG) and Xuzhou (XZ), two typical facility agriculture areas in China with years of history of vegetable greenhouse plantation. Thirty-four soil samples covering greenhouse and non-greenhouse soils were collected. MPs were quantified using the laser direct infrared (LDIR) method to realize IR analysis for all the collected particles. The total MP and PAE was 380-3786 pieces/kg and 0.30-1.58 mg/kg, respectively. The MP content in greenhouse soil was significantly higher than that in non-greenhouse soil in both areas. However, this trend for PAEs was only found in XZ, but not in SG. A positive correlation was observed between MPs and PAEs in XZ but not in SG. Our results suggested that MP concentrations mainly depend on input, while the residue of PAEs in soil was a consequence of both input and removal. Even in the facility soil, MPs and PAEs may not always possess a definitive relationship, and other environmental factors must be considered to elucidate the relationship between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Ave., Nanjing, China.
| | - Anrong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Ave., Nanjing, China.
| | - Xin Jiang
- Geological Survey of Jiangsu, 100 Zhujiang Rd., Nanjing, China.
| | - Xueyuan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Ave., Nanjing, China.
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36
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Deng H, Li R, Yan B, Li B, Chen Q, Hu H, Xu Y, Shi H. PAEs and PBDEs in plastic fragments and wetland sediments in Yangtze estuary. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124937. [PMID: 33418296 PMCID: PMC7925382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates (PAEs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely used as additives in various plastic products. Because of their ubiquity and potential hazards to the environment, they have attracted widespread attention. This research supports the addition critical data of the concentration and distribution of PAEs and PBDEs in the plastic fragments and wetland sediments in Yangtze Estuary. The concentrations of Σ7PAEs and Σ9PBDEs in the plastic samples in Yangtze Estuary wetlands were 26.8-4241.8 μg/g and n.d. (no detectable) to 250.1 μg/g, respectively. The sixteen PAEs and eight PBDEs varied from 35.9 to 36225.2 ng/g and 3.9-253.0 ng/g in sediment samples. The dominant types of these chemicals in plastic and sediment samples were diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), dioctyl phthalate (DEHP) and BDE-209. According to correlation analysis and principal component analysis, the major sources of additives in sediment were associated with the leak from plastic fragment and microplastic. Based on the equilibrium partitioning theory and Sediment Quality Guidelines (SeQGs), the ecological risk of PAEs (high risk) and PBDEs (moderate risk) were evaluated. Overall, the investigated area has been moderately polluted by additives and microplastics; therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the control of environmental input of plastic waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ruilong Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Beizhan Yan
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qiqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hui Hu
- Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510656, China
| | - Yong Xu
- PerkinElmer Management (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201202, China
| | - Huahong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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Validation of a Method Scope Extension for the Analysis of POPs in Soil and Verification in Organic and Conventional Farms of the Canary Islands. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9050101. [PMID: 34063303 PMCID: PMC8147449 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9050101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are among the most relevant and dangerous contaminants in soil, from where they can be transferred to crops. Additionally, livestock animals may inadvertently consume relatively high amounts of soil attached to the roots of the vegetables while grazing, leading to indirect exposure to humans. Therefore, periodic monitoring of soils is crucial; thus, simple, robust, and powerful methods are needed. In this study, we have tested and validated an easy QuEChERS-based method for the extraction of 49 POPs (8 PBDEs, 12 OCPs, 11 PAHs, and 18 PCBs) in soils and their analysis by GC-MS/MS. The method was validated in terms of linearity, precision, and accuracy, and a matrix effect study was performed. The limits of detection (LOD) were established between 0.048 and 3.125 ng g−1 and the limits of quantification (LOQ) were between 0.5 and 20 ng g−1, except for naphthalene (50 ng g−1). Then, to verify the applicability of the validated method, we applied it to a series of 81 soil samples from farms dedicated to mixed vegetable cultivation and vineyards in the Canary Islands, both from two modes of production (organic vs. conventional) where residues of OCPs, PCBs, and PAHs were found.
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Baker A, Ahmad B, Alarjani KM, Aldosri NS, Khan MS. Biostimulation of Rhodovulum sp., for enhanced degradation of di-n-butyl phthalate under optimum conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 266:128998. [PMID: 33308837 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Di-butyl phthalate (DBP) is an extensively applied synthetic plasticizer, toxic organic compound with elevated concentrations in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem that cause serious risk to the human health. A marine bacterium Rhodovulum sp. DBP07 isolated from sea water with proficient of efficiently degrading DBP. The maximum DBP degradation (70.2%) and the cell growth (1.3 OD600nm) were observed at 600 mg/L. The DBP degradation characteristics of the isolate Rhodovulum sp. DBP07 with diverse preliminary concentrations of DBP was found to be 200 ˃ 400 ˃ 600 ˂ 800 ˂ 1000 mg/L DBP. Glucose was identified as most favorable nutrient factor for the enhanced growth and showed 79.8 and 77.4% of degradation rate at 5.0 and 2.0 g/L respectively. The influence of the carbon sources on DBP degradation was found to be Glucose ˃ fructose ˃ sucrose ˃ maltose ˃ lactose ˃ citric acid ˃ starch. Box-Behnken (BBD) statistical optimization results showed enhanced DBP biodegradation rate (91.1%) at pH 7.0, 3% of NaCl concentration with 3 days of incubation. Two intermediate compounds were observed in the retention times of 10.8 and 12.2 which are identified as diethyl phthalate (DEP) and mono-nbutyl phthalate (MBP) using Gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Furthermore, the phthalate (pht) gene expression pattern under DBP stress was analyzed using RT-qPCR and the maximum fold change (5.7 fold) was observed at 3 day of incubation. Overall, the observed results indicate the possibility of utilizing Rhodovulum sp. for remediation of DBP contaminated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Baker
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Lab, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Khaloud Mohammed Alarjani
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura Saleem Aldosri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Sajid Khan
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Lab, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, India; Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202001, UP, India.
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Wu B, Guo S, Wang J. Assessment of the human health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils from areas of crude oil exploitation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 193:110617. [PMID: 33316229 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous carcinogenic pollutants. Areas where crude oil has been exploited are at risk due to PAHs from both natural and anthropogenic sources. The Shengli Oilfield in China was used to assess the health risk posed by PAHs in areas with different population densities. A risk assessment showed that in the areas with low, median, and high population densities, the probabilities of the total carcinogenic risk (TCR) exceeding 10-6 for adults were 9.9%, 9.3%, and 13.4%, respectively, whereas these were 7.8%, 7.1%, and 10.1%, respectively, for children. Crude oil, traffic, and residential emissions were the major sources of PAHs based on a factor analysis with a nonnegative constraint analysis. Crude oil sources accounted for 96.1% of the TCR in the low population area, whereas traffic accounted for 94.4% of the TCR in the high population area. Based on the national action plan, guidelines, and new standard for soil pollution control promulgated by the Chinese government, we assumed a reduced rate of soil PAHs from different sources, and the carcinogenic risk from PAHs in the area of crude oil exploitation could be forecast. The average probabilities of the TCR exceeding 10-6 for adults and children could be reduced by 45.8% and 49.4%, respectively, in 2040 relative to current values under a pollution control scenario. These findings highlight that the risks associated with soil contamination could be effectively controlled by implementing control policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, PR China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation by Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Shuhai Guo
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, PR China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation by Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Jianing Wang
- Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
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Li W, Zhang Z, Sun B, Hu S, Wang D, Hu F, Li H, Xu L, Jiao J. Combination of plant-growth-promoting and fluoranthene-degrading microbes enhances phytoremediation efficiency in the ryegrass rhizosphere. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:6068-6077. [PMID: 32989700 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10937-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant- and/or microbe-based systems can provide a cost-effective, sustainable means to remove contaminants from soil. Microbe-assisted phytoremediation has potential utility for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as fluoranthene (Flu) removal from soils; however, the efficiency varies with the plant and microbes used. This study evaluated the Flu removal efficiency in a system with ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), an IAA-producing Arthrobacter pascens strain (ZZ21), and/or a Flu-degrading Bacillus cereus strain (Z21). Strain ZZ21 significantly enhanced the growth of ryegrass. Ryegrass in combination with both strains (FIP) was the most effective method for Flu removal. By day 60, 74.9% of the Flu was depleted in the FIP treatment, compared with 21.1% in the control (CK), 63.7% with ryegrass alone (P), 69.0% for ryegrass with ZZ21 (IP), and 72.6% for ryegrass with Z21 (FP). FIP treatment promoted ryegrass growth, accelerated Flu accumulation in plants, and increased soil microbial counts. Microbial carbon utilization was significantly higher in soil in the FIP than with the CK treatment. Principal component analysis of the distribution of carbon substrate utilization showed that microbial functional profiles diverged among treatments, and this divergence became more profound at day 60 than day 30. Microbial inoculation significantly enhanced microbial utilization of phenols. Microbes in the FIP soil dominantly utilized amines/amides and phenols at day 30 but shifted to carbohydrates by day 60. Together, the combination of IAA-producing microbes and Flu-degrading microbes could promote plant growth, facilitate Flu degradation, and change soil microbial functional structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
- Nanjing Institute of Vegetable Science, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- Zhenjiang Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Bureau of Jiangsu Province, Zhenjiang, 212028, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Sun
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuijin Hu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- Nanjing Institute of Vegetable Science, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Hu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Huixin Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiaguo Jiao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China.
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Yu H, Liu Y, Han C, Fang H, Weng J, Shu X, Pan Y, Ma L. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface waters from the seven main river basins of China: Spatial distribution, source apportionment, and potential risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:141764. [PMID: 32898799 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report long-term measurements of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) collected from the surface waters of seven river basins across China. The spatial distribution, source apportionment, and potential risk assessment of 16 USEPA designated PAHs were reviewed. Water samples were collected from the Songhua River Basin (SRB), Yangtze River Basin (YtRB), Yellow River Basin (YRB), Pearl River Basin (PRB), Huai River Basin (HuRB), Liao River Basin (LRB), and Hai River Basin (HRB). Our results show that the total PAH concentration in the surface waters from primary river basins ranged from 99.60 to 3805.00 ng/L in the dry season with a geometric mean value of 797.96 ng/L, and from 235.84 to 11,812.20 ng/L in the wet season with a geometric mean value of 820.75 ng/L. In the river basins examined, the geometric concentration of Σ16PAHs ranged from 215.50 ng/L to 1969.91 ng/L, with a median value of 837.73 ng/L. In the decreasing order across seven river basins, the geometric mean Σ16PAHs content varied as: SRB (1969.91 ng/L) > LRB (1155.87 ng/L) > YRB (884.06 ng/L) > PRB (837.73 ng/L) > HuRB (559.10 ng/L) > HRB (261.84 ng/L) > YtRB (215.50 ng/L). Moreover, the total PAH concentration was slightly lower in the dry season than in the wet season. The pollution level of PAHs in North China was higher than in South China. No discernible temporal trend was observed in Σ16PAHs observed in China during the past decade. Overall, PAHs designated for priority control measures were Nap, Phe, and Flu; as 2- and 3-ring PAHs were the dominant compounds in the river basins, accounting for 33.7% and 36.9% of the total PAHs, respectively. Source analysis revealed that coal and biomass combustion were the main contributors to PAHs in the river basins, accounting for about 40% of the total. The geometric mean concentrations of individual PAH, including BaP, BaA, BbF, BkF, Ind, and DaA in some water samples exceeded the environmental quality standards of both China and the United States. According to metrics describing eco-toxicity from water contamination, the river basin was at moderate risk in YtRB, YRB, PRB, HuRB, and HRB, but at high risk in SRB and LRB, suggesting that targeted control measures or remedial actions should be undertaken to decrease PAH contamination in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Changxu Han
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Han Fang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Junhe Weng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xingquan Shu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuwei Pan
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Limin Ma
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Cao B, de Souza LR, Al-Tabbaa A. Organic Contaminant-Triggered Self-Healing Soil Mix Cut-Off Wall Materials Incorporating Oil Sorbents. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13245802. [PMID: 33353221 PMCID: PMC7766265 DOI: 10.3390/ma13245802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Soil mix cut-off walls have been increasingly used for containment of organic contaminants in polluted land. However, the mixed soil is susceptible to deterioration due to aggressive environmental and mechanical stresses, leading to crack-originated damage and requiring costly maintenance. This paper proposed a novel approach to achieve self-healing properties of soil mix cut-off wall materials triggered by the ingress of organic contaminants. Oil sorbent polymers with high absorption and swelling capacities were incorporated in a cementitious grout and mixed with soil using a laboratory-scale auger setup. The self-healing performance results showed that 500 µm-wide cracks could be bridged and blocked by the swollen oil sorbents, and that the permeability was reduced by almost an order of magnitude after the permeation of liquid paraffin. It was shown by micro-CT scan tests that the network formed by the swollen oil sorbents acted as attachments and binder, preventing the cracked mixed soil sample from crumbling, and that the oil sorbents swelled three times in volume and therefore occupied the air space and blocked the cracks in the matrix. These promising results exhibit the potential for the oil sorbents to provide soil mix cut-off walls in organically-contaminated land with self-healing properties and enhanced durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benyi Cao
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-0741-020-5759
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Lamraoui I, Eltoukhy A, Wang J, Lamraoui M, Ahmed A, Jia Y, Lu T, Yan Y. Biodegradation of Di (2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate by a novel Enterobacter spp. Strain YC-IL1 Isolated from Polluted Soil, Mila, Algeria. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17207501. [PMID: 33076331 PMCID: PMC7602616 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is one of the phthalic acid ester representatives and is mainly used as a plasticizer to endow polyvinyl chloride plastics with desirable physical properties. It is synthesized in massive amounts worldwide. Many studies have proved the adverse effects of DEHP on human health and wildlife. DEHP is labeled as an endocrine disruptor which causes human reproductive problems. Enterobacter spp. YC-IL1, a novel isolated strain from contaminated soil, was identified by 16S rRNA gene analysis and electronic microscope. It is capable of efficiently degrading DEHP (100%) and a wide range of phthalic acid ester PAEs, particularly those containing side chains with branches, or ring structures such as dutylbenzyl phthalate and dicyclohexyl phthalate, which are hard to degrade, with, respectively, 81.15% and 50.69% degradation after 7 days incubation. YC-IL1 is an acido-tolerant strain which remained in pH values lower than pH 5.0 with the optimum pH 7.0 and temperature 30 °C. The DEHP metabolites were detected using HPLC-QQQ and then the degradation pathway was tentatively proposed. Strain YC-IL1 showed high DEHP degradation rate in artificially contaminated soil with 86% removed in 6 days. These results indicate the application potential of YC-IL1 in bioremediation of PAE-polluted sites, even the acidic ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Lamraoui
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (I.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Adel Eltoukhy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, AL-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt;
| | - Junhuan Wang
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.W.); (Y.J.)
| | - Messaouda Lamraoui
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Nature Science and Life, University of Bejaia, Bejaia 0600, Algeria;
| | - Amer Ahmed
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Yang Jia
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.W.); (Y.J.)
| | - Tiegang Lu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (I.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Yanchun Yan
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (J.W.); (Y.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-8210-9685
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44
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Sun H, Qin X, Yang X, Zhao Y. Study on the heat transfer in different aquifer media with different groundwater velocities during thermal conductive heating. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:36316-36329. [PMID: 32556978 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09131-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In situ thermal remediation can rapidly remove volatile organic pollutants, regardless of permeability or heterogeneity in the subsurface, which has received more attention in recent years. This study aims at investigating the heat transfer during thermal conduction heating (TCH), a heating method of in situ thermal remediation. The experiments were performed in a 134.5-cm tall × 107.5-cm wide × 7.5-cm thick tank containing a heating resistance to heat the aquifer and 62 thermocouples to measure temperature. The temperature of the points was recorded in real time through a multi-channel temperature patrol instrument. Then, isotherms were drawn, which were quantitatively analyzed from the aspects of temperature distribution, heated zone area, heat transfer distance, and influencing radius. The influence of groundwater velocity, aquifer medium, and heating resistance power was investigated. The results show the following: (1) The quantitative analysis proved that the higher the groundwater velocity, the faster the heated zone reaches a stable state. (2) The heated zone area in a coarse/fine sand aquifer is larger than that in a medium sand aquifer, and the stable time of the heated zone is in the order of fine sand < coarse sand < medium sand. (3) The greater the heating resistance power is, the more rapidly the heated zone reaches a stable state. (4) It has been quantitatively concluded that the V-shaped distribution of the heated zone is more obvious at a high groundwater velocity or with a high-power heating resistance. These findings are significant for the practical application of Thermal conduction heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Sun
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueming Qin
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinru Yang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
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Wei L, Li Z, Sun J, Zhu L. Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of phthalate esters in agricultural soil and vegetables in the Yangtze River Delta of China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 726:137978. [PMID: 32481218 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As an important environmental reservoir of phthalate esters (PAEs), soil-plant system constitutes a key exposure pathway to human health. In this study, agricultural soil and vegetable samples were collected from the Yangtze River Delta (approximately 211,700 km2), one of the most developed regions in China, to determine the contamination characteristics of priority PAEs. The total concentrations of six PAEs ranged from 5.42 to 1580 ng·g-1 dry weight in soils and from 10.9 to 16,400 ng·g-1 dry weight in vegetables. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) accounted for 88.3% and 61.9% of the total PAEs in soils and vegetables, respectively. The spatial distribution of PAEs in the soils was as follows: Shanghai city (70.8-1583 ng·g-1 dw) > Anhui province (46.8-1530 ng·g-1 dw) > Jiangsu province (14.4-558 ng·g-1 dw) > Zhejiang province (5.40-488 ng·g-1 dw). Non-cancer risks exist for adults and children in 6.5% and 7.8% of the sites, respectively. Carcinogenic risks were regarded unacceptable in 5.6% and 1.3% of the sites for adults and children, respectively. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of PAEs showed positive correlation with lipid content of vegetables. A basic reference of the lipid-content threshold to guarantee the safety of leafy vegetables was proposed based on partition-limited model. We suggested to cultivate vegetables with lipid content <0.21% in most heavily contaminated area in the region. This study provides information for effectively controlling PAEs contamination in soil-plant system in developed districts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyun Wei
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiheng Li
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianteng Sun
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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46
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Wang Q, Jiang L, Fang C, Chen L. Effects of di-n-butyl phthalate and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate on pollutant removal and microbial community during wastewater treatment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 198:110665. [PMID: 32353604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to the wide use of plastic products and the releasability of plasticizer into surrounding environment, the hazards, residues and effects of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in ecosystems have been paid more and more attention. Little information is available about the effects of PAEs on the normal wastewater treatment, although the distribution of PAEs in soil and other ecosystems is closely related to the discharge of sewage. In this study, the effects of high concentrations of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) on pollutant removal and the microbial community during landfill leachate treatment was investigated. After domestication, the activated sludge was used in the co-treatment of landfill leachate and simulated domestic wastewater. We verified that this process reduced the toxicity of landfill leachate. However, high concentrations of added DBP and DEHP were removed first, while the removal of these pollutants from raw landfill leachate was limited. The results of high-throughput sequencing revealed that the bacterial diversity was diminished and the microbial community structure was significantly affected by the addition of DBP and DEHP. The DBP and DEHP samples had 79.05% and 82.25% operational taxonomic units (OTU), respectively, in common with the raw activated sludge. Many genera of PAE-degrading bacteria that had no significant evolutionary relationship were found in the raw activated sludge. And the widespread presence of PAE-degrading bacteria could effectively keep the concentrations of PAEs low during the wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Lanhui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Chengran Fang
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- Zhejiang Gongshang University, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Hangzhou, 310018, China
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Xie Y, Liu H, Li H, Tang H, Peng H, Xu H. High-effectively degrade the di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate via biochemical system: Resistant bacterial flora and persulfate oxidation activated by BC@Fe 3O 4. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114100. [PMID: 32443200 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has been classified as a priority pollutant which increased the healthy risk to human and animals dramatically. Hence, a novel biochemical system combined by DEHP-resistant bacterial flora (B) and a green oxidant of persulfate (PS) activated by Nano-Fe3O4 was applied to degrade DEHP in contaminated soil. In this study, the resistant bacterial flora was screened from activated sludge and immobilized by sodium alginate (SAB). Nano-Fe3O4 was coated on biochar (BC@Fe3O4) to prevent agglomerating in soil. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were utilized to characterize BC@Fe3O4. Results demonstrated that the treatment of biochemical system (SAB + BC@Fe3O4 + PS) presented the maximum degradation rate about 92.56% within 24 days of incubation and improved soil microecology. The 16S rDNA sequences analysis of soil microorganisms showed a significantly different abundance and a similar diversity among different treatments. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional genes difference analysis showed that some metabolic pathways, such as metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, energy metabolism, cell growth and death, replication and repair, were associated with the biodegradation of DEHP. Besides, DEHP was converted to MEHP and PA by biodegradation, while DEHP was converted to DBP and PA by persulfate and BC@Fe3O4, and then ultimately degraded to CO2 and H2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanluo Xie
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Huakang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Hao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - He Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Heng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, PR China.
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48
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Yue Q, Huang YY, Shen XF, Yang C, Pang YH. In situ growth of covalent organic framework on titanium fiber for headspace solid-phase microextraction of 11 phthalate esters in vegetables. Food Chem 2020; 318:126507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Goudarzi M, Haghi Karamallah M, Malayeri A, Kalantar M, Mansouri E, Kalantar H. Protective effect of alpha-lipoic acid on di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced testicular toxicity in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:13670-13678. [PMID: 32030592 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07817-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are synthetic chemicals, widely used as plasticizers due to their flexibility in plastics. Human populations may be exposed to phthalates through direct contact or environmental contamination. Most studies have focused on the effects of phthalates on the reproductive tract and have classified these compounds as endocrine disruptors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible oxidative damage induced by di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in the mouse testis and to evaluate the regulatory effects of alpha-lipoic acid (LA). For this purpose, forty male mice were divided into four experimental groups. Group I received normal saline (2 mL/kg; p.o.) and corn oil (5 mL/kg; p.o.) as the control group, group II received DEHP (2 g/kg; p.o.), group III received DEHP and LA (20 mg/kg; p.o.), and group IV was treated with LA alone; treatments continued for 2 weeks. The glutathione level (GSH), as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities, was determined in mice. In addition, serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured. Nitric oxide (NO) level, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, sperm characteristics, and histological changes of the testes were also evaluated. The results showed that 2 g/kg of DEHP could significantly decrease the sperm motility. Based on our findings, DEHP significantly reduced the production and count of sperms; these toxic effects were associated with alterations in the serum hormone levels. In the DEHP group, a significant reduction was reported in the serum testosterone, FSH, and LH levels. LA improved DEHP-induced changes in hormonal levels and sperm index. According to our findings, treatment with DEHP triggered histopathological changes and oxidative stress, which were normalized by LA pretreatment. In conclusion, DEHP disrupts the testicular function in rats, at least partly through induction of oxidative stress. On the other hand, LA exhibits potential protective effects on testicular toxicity induced by DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Goudarzi
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Malayeri
- Nab'a Al-Hayat Health Research Center, Nab'a Al-Hayat Foundation for Medical Sciences and Health Care, Najaf, Iraq
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Esrafil Mansouri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hadi Kalantar
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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50
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Yu H, Liu Y, Shu X, Ma L, Pan Y. Assessment of the spatial distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in urban soil of China. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 243:125392. [PMID: 31995868 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Long-term (2004-2018) persistent organic pollutants (POPs) data were collected for urban soils of China. The dataset included concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soils, comprising a range of different compounds. Understanding the source of OCP and PCB pollution is an important step in controlling and reducing pollution levels in the environment. This study aimed to analyze the spatio-temporal distribution, pollution sources, and potential health risks of OCPs and PCBs in urban soils in different regions of China. It was found that the total OCP concentrations ranged from 7.6 to 37331 μg/kg with a mean value of 2861 μg/kg, and PCBs concentrations ranged from 0.3 to 123467 μg/kg with a mean value of 4984 μg/kg. The highest OCP concentrations were observed in Beijing and Hebei, whereas the highest PCB concentrations were found in the Zhejiang province. The geographical distribution showed that the total mean concentration of POPs of urban soil was much higher in East China than in West China. According to the isomer ratios, about 64% of provinces and cities showed new sources of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) input and dicofol input was found in 30% of China. Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) in urban soils was mainly derived from fresh usage of lindane (γ-HCH) in most regions of China. Lifetime carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of OCPs and PCBs through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact indicated that PCBs in urban soils of China often exceeded safe levels. The total lifetime carcinogenic risk values of PCBs were higher than the individual lifetime acceptable risk level (10-4) in 64% of the studied regions and the non-carcinogenic risk values exceeded the target risk level (10-1) in 53% of the regions. The improved knowledge of the distribution and main pollution sources of POPs in urban soil of China as a result of this study can contribute to better decision-making support for soil pollution control and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xingquan Shu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Limin Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Yuwei Pan
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
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