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Pardo M, Li C, Jabali A, Petrick LM, Ben-Ari Z, Rudich Y. Toxicity mechanisms of biomass burning aerosols in in vitro hepatic steatosis models. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:166988. [PMID: 37704129 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease that contributes to the global rise in liver-related morbidity and mortality. Wood tar (WT) aerosols are a significant fraction of carbonaceous aerosol originating from biomass smoldering, contributing to air pollution particles smaller than 2.5 mm (PM2.5). Mechanistic biological associations exist between exposure to PM2.5 and increased NAFLD phenotypes in both cell and animal models. Therefore, this study examines whether an existing NAFLD-like condition can enhance the biological susceptibility of liver cells exposed to air pollution in the form of WT material. Liver cells were incubated with lauric or oleic acid (LA, OA, respectively) for 24 h to accumulate lipids and served as an in vitro hepatic steatosis model. When exposed to 0.02 or 0.2 g/L water-soluble WT aerosols, both steatosis model cells showed increased cell death compared to the control cells (blank-treated cells with or without pre-incubation with LA or OA) or compared to WT-treated cells without pre-incubation with LA or OA. Furthermore, alterations in oxidative status included variations in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, elevated levels of lipid peroxidation adducts, and decreased expression of antioxidant genes associated with the NRF2 transcription factor. In addition, steatosis model cells exposed to WT had a higher degree of DNA damage than the control cells (blank-treated cells with or without pre-incubation with LA or OA). These results support a possible systemic effect through the direct inflammatory and oxidative stress response following exposure to water-soluble WT on liver cells, especially those predisposed to fatty liver. Furthermore, the liver steatosis model can be influenced by the type of fatty acid used; increased adverse effects of WT on metabolic dysregulation were observed in the LA model to a higher extent compared to the OA model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pardo
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Chunlin Li
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Amani Jabali
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Lauren M Petrick
- The Bert Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Ziv Ben-Ari
- Liver Disease Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Ortiz-Guzmán JE, Mollà-Casanova S, Serra-Añó P, Arias-Mutis ÓJ, Calvo C, Bizy A, Alberola A, Chorro FJ, Zarzoso M. Short-Term Heart Rate Variability in Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6051. [PMID: 37762990 PMCID: PMC10532399 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12186051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim was to determine the differences in short-term heart rate variability (HRV) between patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) and healthy controls. METHODS We searched electronic databases for primary works with short-term HRV recordings (≤30 min) that made comparisons between individuals with MS versus healthy controls. This systematic review and meta-analysis (MA) was performed according to PRISMA guidelines and registered at PROSPERO (CRD42022358975). RESULTS Twenty-eight articles were included in the qualitative synthesis and nineteen met the criteria for the MA. Patients with MS showed decreased SDNN (-0.36 [-0.44, -0.28], p < 0.001), rMSSD (-7.59 [-9.98, -5.19], p < 0.001), HF (-0.36 [-0.51, -0.20], p < 0.00001) and LF (-0.24 [-0.38, -0.1], p = 0.001). In subsequent subanalyses, we found a decrease in SDNN (-0.99 (-1.45, -0.52], p < 0.001), rMSSD (-10.18 [-16.85, -3.52], p < 0.01) and HF (-1.04 [-1.97, -0.1] p < 0.05) in women. In men, only LF showed a significant lower value (-0.26 [-0.5, -0.02], p < 0.05). We could not perform MA for non-linear variables. CONCLUSIONS Patients with MS showed changes in time-domain analyses, with lower values in SDNN and rMSSD. Regarding frequency-domain analyses, MS patients showed a decrease in HF and LF When sex was used as a grouping variable, the MA was only possible in one of both sexes (men or women) in rMSSD and LF/HF. Lastly, when data for both men and women were available, subanalyses showed a different behavior compared to mixed analyses for SDNN, HF and LF, which might point towards a different impact of MS in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan E. Ortiz-Guzmán
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.E.O.-G.); (C.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Sara Mollà-Casanova
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universitat de València, Street Gascó Oliag 5, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.M.-C.); (P.S.-A.)
- UBIC Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Universitat de València, Street Gascó Oliag 5, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Serra-Añó
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universitat de València, Street Gascó Oliag 5, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.M.-C.); (P.S.-A.)
- UBIC Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Universitat de València, Street Gascó Oliag 5, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Óscar J. Arias-Mutis
- CEU Cardenal Herrera, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Street Lluís Vives 1, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (Ó.J.A.-M.); (A.B.)
- Health Research Institute—Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA) Valencia, Street Menéndez y Pelayo 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV) Madrid, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3–5, Pavilion 11, Floor 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Conrado Calvo
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.E.O.-G.); (C.C.); (A.A.)
- CSIC-UPV, Instrumentation for Molecular Imaging Technologies Research Institute (I3M), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alexandra Bizy
- CEU Cardenal Herrera, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Street Lluís Vives 1, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (Ó.J.A.-M.); (A.B.)
| | - Antonio Alberola
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.E.O.-G.); (C.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Francisco J. Chorro
- Health Research Institute—Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA) Valencia, Street Menéndez y Pelayo 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV) Madrid, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3–5, Pavilion 11, Floor 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Zarzoso
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universitat de València, Street Gascó Oliag 5, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.M.-C.); (P.S.-A.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV) Madrid, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3–5, Pavilion 11, Floor 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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3
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Ning J, Zhang Y, Hu H, Hu W, Li L, Pang Y, Ma S, Niu Y, Zhang R. Association between ambient particulate matter exposure and metabolic syndrome risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 782:146855. [PMID: 33839664 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Although the association between ambient particulate matter and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been investigated, the effect of particulate matter (PM) on MetS is inconclusive. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to study the association between long-term ambient PM exposure and MetS risk. The data from five databases were extracted to analyze the association between ambient PM exposure and MetS risk. A random-effects model was performed to estimate the overall risk effect. The present systematic review and meta-analysis illustrated that an increase of 5 μg/m3 in annual PM2.5 or PM10 concentration was associated with 14% or 9% increases of MetS risk, respectively (PM2.5, RR = 1.14, 95%CI [1.03, 1.25]; PM10, RR = 1.09, 95%CI [1.00, 1.19]). The population-attributable risk (PAR) was 12.28% for PM2.5 exposure or 8.26% for PM10 exposure, respectively. There was statistical association between PM2.5 exposure and risk of MetS in male proportion ≥50%, Asia, related disease or medication non-adjustment subgroup as well as cohort study subgroups, respectively. The significant association between PM10 exposure and risk of MetS was observed in male proportion ≥50% and calories intake adjustment subgroups, respectively. Sensitivity analyses showed the robustness of our results. No publication bias was detected. In conclusion, there was positive association between long-term PM exposure and MetS risk. 12.28% of MetS risk could be attributable to PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ning
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Yaling Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Huaifang Hu
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Wentao Hu
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Lipeng Li
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Yaxian Pang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Shitao Ma
- Department of Occupation Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Yujie Niu
- Department of Occupation Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China.
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4
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Kobos L, Shannahan J. Particulate matter inhalation and the exacerbation of cardiopulmonary toxicity due to metabolic disease. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:822-834. [PMID: 33467887 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220983275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter is a significant public health issue in the United States and globally. Inhalation of particulate matter is associated with a number of systemic and organ-specific adverse health outcomes, with the pulmonary and cardiovascular systems being particularly vulnerable. Certain subpopulations are well-recognized as being more susceptible to inhalation exposures, such as the elderly and those with pre-existing respiratory disease. Metabolic syndrome is becoming increasingly prevalent in our society and has known adverse effects on the heart, lungs, and vascular systems. The limited evaluations of individuals with metabolic syndromehave demonstrated that theymay compose a sensitive subpopulation to particulate exposures. However, the toxicological mechanisms responsible for this increased vulnerability are not fully understood. This review evaluates the currently available literature regarding how the response of an individual's pulmonary and cardiovascular systems is influenced by metabolic syndrome and metabolic syndrome-associated conditions such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. Further, we will discuss potential therapeutic agents and targets for the alleviation and treatment of particulate-matter induced metabolic illness. The information reviewed here may contribute to the understanding of metabolic illness as a risk factor for particulate matter exposure and further the development of therapeutic approaches to treat vulnerable subpopulations, such as those with metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kobos
- School of Health Sciences, College of Human and Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jonathan Shannahan
- School of Health Sciences, College of Human and Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Calvo CJ, Lozano WM, Arias-Mutis ÓJ, Such-Miquel L, Such L, Genovés P, Guill A, Millet J, Chorro FJ, Alberola A, Pandit SV, Zarzoso M. Modifications of short-term intrinsic pacemaker variability in diet-induced metabolic syndrome: a study on isolated rabbit heart. J Physiol Biochem 2019; 75:173-183. [PMID: 30887428 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-019-00667-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) describes a condition associated with multiple diseases concomitantly such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and dyslipidemia. It has been linked with higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease, atrial fibrillation, and sudden cardiac death. One of the underlying mechanisms could be altered automaticity, which would reflect modifications of sinus node activity. These phenomena can be evaluated analyzing the components of heart rate variability (HRV). Our aim was to examine the modifications of sinus node variability in an isolated heart model of diet-induced obesity and MetS. Male NZW rabbits were randomly assigned to high-fat (HF, n = 8), control (HF-C, n = 7), high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS, n = 9), and control (HFHS-C, n = 9) groups, fed with their respective diets during 18/28 weeks. After euthanasia, their hearts were isolated in a Langendorff system. We recorded 10-15 min of spontaneous activity. Short RR time series were analyzed, and standard HRV parameters were determined. One-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, and bivariate correlation were used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05). We did find an increase in the complexity and irregularity of intrinsic pacemaker activity as shown by modifications of approximate entropy, sample entropy, minimum multiscale entropy, and complexity index in HFHS animals. Even though no differences were found in standard time and frequency-domain analyses, spectral heterogeneity increased in HFHS group. Animal weight and glucose intolerance were highly correlated with the modifications of intrinsic pacemaker variability. Finally, modifications of intrinsic HRV seemed to be reliant on the number of components of MetS present, given that only HFHS group showed significant changes towards an increased complexity and irregularity of intrinsic pacemaker variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrado J Calvo
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wilson M Lozano
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Óscar J Arias-Mutis
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Such-Miquel
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Such
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Patricia Genovés
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Guill
- ITACA Institute, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Millet
- ITACA Institute, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Chorro
- CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Alberola
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandeep V Pandit
- Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Abor, MI, USA
| | - Manuel Zarzoso
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
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Kolluru SSR, Patra AK, Sahu SP. A comparison of personal exposure to air pollutants in different travel modes on national highways in India. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 619-620:155-164. [PMID: 29145052 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
People often travel a long distance on highways to the nearest city for professional/business activities. However, relatively few publications on passenger exposure to pollutants on highways in India or elsewhere are available. The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of different travel modes to passengers' pollutant exposure for a long distance travel on a national highway in India. We measured PM2.5 and CO exposure levels of the passengers over 200km on a national highway using two portable air monitors, EVM-7 and EPAM-5000. Personal concentration exposures and per min-, per hour-, per trip- and round trip mass exposures for three travel modes were calculated for 9 trips. Association between pollutants and weather variables were evaluated using levels Spearman correlation. ANOVA was carried out to evaluate the influence of travel mode, the timing of trips, temperature and RH on personal exposures. On an average, PM2.5 personal concentration exposure levels were highest in the car (85.41±61.85μgm-3), followed by the bus (75.08±55.39μgm-3) and lowest in the car (ac) (54.43±34.09μgm-3). In contrast, CO personal exposure was highest in the car (ac) (1.81±1.3ppm). Travel mode explained the highest variability for CO (18.1%), CO2 (9.9%), PM2.5 (1.2%) exposures. In-city mass exposures were higher than trip averages; PM2.5:1.21-1.22, 1.13-1.19 and 1.03-1.28 times; CO: 1.20-1.57, 1.37-2.10 and 1.76-2.22 times for bus, car and car (ac) respectively. Traveling by car (ac) results in the lowest PM2.5 exposures, although it exposes the passenger to high CO level. Avoiding national highways passing through cities can reduce up to 25% PM2.5 and 50% CO mass exposures. This information can be useful for increasing environmental awareness among the passengers and for framing better pollution control strategies on highways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Sekhara Rao Kolluru
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
| | - Aditya Kumar Patra
- Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India.
| | - Satya Prakash Sahu
- Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
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Evaluation of cardiac autonomic function using heart rate variability in children with acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Cardiol Young 2017; 27:1662-1669. [PMID: 28760170 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951117000944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Introduction Carbon monoxide poisoning may cause myocardial toxicity and cardiac autonomic dysfunction, which may contribute to the development of life-threatening arrhythmias. We investigated the potential association between acute carbon monoxide exposure and cardiac autonomic function measured by heart rate variability. METHOD The present study included 40 children aged 1-17 years who were admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit with acute carbon monoxide poisoning and 40 healthy age- and sex-matched controls. Carboxyhaemoglobin and cardiac enzymes were measured at admission. Electrocardiography was performed on admission and discharge, and 24-hour Holter electrocardiography was digitally recorded. Heart rate variability was analysed at both time points - 24-hour recordings - and frequency domains - from the first 5 minutes of intensive care unit admission. RESULTS Time domain and frequency indices such as high-frequency spectral power and low-frequency spectral power were similar between patient and control groups (p>0.05). The ratio of low-frequency spectral power to high-frequency spectral power was significantly lower in the carbon monoxide poisoning group (p<0.001) and was negatively correlated with carboxyhaemoglobin levels (r=-0.351, p<0.05). The mean heart rate, QT dispersion, corrected QT dispersion, and P dispersion values were higher in the carbon monoxide poisoning group (p<0.05) on admission. The QT dispersion and corrected QT dispersion remained longer in the carbon monoxide poisoning group compared with controls on discharge (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The frequency domain indices, especially the ratio of low-frequency spectral power to high-frequency spectral power, are useful for the evaluation of the cardiac autonomic function. The decreased low-frequency spectral power-to-high-frequency spectral power ratio reflects a balance of the autonomic nervous system, which shifted to parasympathetic components.
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8
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Júnior EPN, Ribeiro ÍJ, Freire IV, da Silva Passos R, Casotti CA, Pereira R. The smoking habit negatively influences autonomic heart control in community-dwelling elderly adults. Hellenic J Cardiol 2017; 58:283-288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Lee GW, Bae MJ, Yang JY, Son JW, Cho JL, Lee SG, Jang BM, Lee HW, Lim JS, Shin DC, Lim YW. Decreased blood pressure associated with in-vehicle exposure to carbon monoxide in Korean volunteers. Environ Health Prev Med 2017; 22:34. [PMID: 29165122 PMCID: PMC5664420 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-017-0622-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the primary components of emissions from light-duty vehicles, and reportedly comprises 77% of all pollutants emitted in terms of concentration. Exposure to CO aggravates cardiovascular disease and causes other health disorders. The study was aimed to assess the negative effects by injecting different amounts of CO concentration directly to human volunteers boarding in the car. Methods Human volunteers were exposed to CO concentrations of 0, 33.2, and 72.4 ppm, respectively during the first test and 0, 30.3, and 48.8 ppm respectively during the second test while seated in the car. The volunteers were exposed to each concentration for approximately 45 min. After exposure, blood pressure measurement, blood collection (carboxyhemoglobin [COHb] analysis), medical interview, echocardiography test, and cognitive reaction test were performed. Result In patients who were exposed to a mean concentration of CO for 72.4 ± 1.4 ppm during the first exposure test and 48.8 ± 3.7 ppm during the second exposure test, the COHb level exceeded 2%. Moreover, the diastolic blood pressure was decreased while increasing in CO concentration after exposure. The medical interview findings showed that the degree of fatigue was increased and the degree of concentration was reduced when the exposed concentration of CO was increased. Conclusion Although the study had a limited sample size, we found that even a low concentration of CO flowing into a car could have a negative influence on human health, such as change of blood pressure and degree of fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geon-Woo Lee
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea.,The Institute for Environmental Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mun-Joo Bae
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Yang
- The Institute for Environmental Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Son
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Lim Cho
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sang-Gyu Lee
- The Institute for Environmental Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo-Mi Jang
- The Institute for Environmental Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Lee
- Korea Automobile Testing & Research Institute, 200 Samjon-ro, Songsan-myun, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jong-Soon Lim
- Korea Automobile Testing & Research Institute, 200 Samjon-ro, Songsan-myun, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Dong-Chun Shin
- The Institute for Environmental Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Wook Lim
- The Institute for Environmental Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea.
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Bersimis S, Degiannakis S, Georgakellos D. Real-time monitoring of carbon monoxide using value-at-risk measure and control charting. J Appl Stat 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/02664763.2016.1161738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios Bersimis
- Department of Statistics and Insurance Science, University of Piraeus, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Stavros Degiannakis
- Department of Economic and Regional Development, Panteion University, Kallithea, Greece
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Tirosh E, Schnell I. The relationship between ambient carbon monoxide and heart rate variability-a systematic world review-2015. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:21157-21164. [PMID: 27623853 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7533-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this report is to systematically review the literature pertaining to the evidence of the relationship between environmental carbon monoxide (CO) and heart rate variability (HRV). For this purpose, reports published in English scientific journals were critically reviewed by the authors employing PRISMA guidelines. Fifteen studies performed in China, Finland, Israel, Mexico, Taiwan, and the USA were identified as eligible to be included in the review. Out of these, 10 studies found a significant relationship between CO and HRV. However, while a proportion of these studies found an increase in parasympathetic tone, other studies found an increase in sympathetic tone. Methodological differences across these studies, including population understudy, sample size, measurement techniques, and accounting for intervening variables do not pave the way for a consensual conclusion. In conclusion, the lack of consistent results on the relationship between CO and HRV as reflected by the present review calls for more research employing appropriate indoor and outdoor ecological designs that account for possible interaction effects and individual differences. Involvement of olfactory receptors is suggested as a possible underlying mechanism for both short response latencies as well as for the diversity between individuals and samples investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Tirosh
- Bnei Zion Medical Center, Technion Medical School, Haifa, Israel
| | - Izhak Schnell
- Geography and Human Environment Department, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Sun Y, Song X, Han Y, Ji Y, Gao S, Shang Y, Lu SE, Zhu T, Huang W. Size-fractioned ultrafine particles and black carbon associated with autonomic dysfunction in subjects with diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance in Shanghai, China. Part Fibre Toxicol 2015; 12:8. [PMID: 25884677 PMCID: PMC4427921 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-015-0084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Particles in smaller size fractions, such as ultrafine particles (UFPs) (with diameter less than 100 nm), has become of significant cardiovascular health concerns. However, the biological plausibility underlying potential relationship between UFPs and cardiovascular outcomes is less studied. METHODS Fifty-three subjects living in Shanghai with type-2 diabetes (T2D) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were followed for autonomic dysfunctions with three repeated measurements in 2010. Minute-to-minute concentrations of ambient particles in small size-fractions (5-560 nm), black carbon (BC), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3) were monitored using a central monitoring laboratory equipped with real-time air monitors close to residential area of the subjects. Generalized linear mixed models, with adjustment for individual risk factors, were applied to assess the effects of air pollution on autonomic dysfunctions in subjects. RESULTS Our study showed that significant reduction in the standard deviation of all NN intervals (SDNN) ranging from 3.4% to 8.1% were associated with interquartile range (IQR) increase of number concentration of particles (PNC) in size fractions<100 nm, and reduction from 1.3% to 4.6% with particles of diameter 100-200 nm, in subjects with diabetes or glucose tolerance. Increased exposure to traffic-related pollutants BC, NO2 and CO, and combustion pollutant SO2, were also significantly associated with HRV reductions. However, no effect was observed for particles in size fraction of 200-560 nm and O3. Diabetic risk factor and gender appeared to have significant interactions on autonomic dysfunction associated with UFPs and traffic pollution exposures in certain time-window. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that underlying diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance may confer reduced autonomic function of heart due to traffic pollution exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Sun
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health Sciences, and Institute of Environmental Medicine, Peking University School of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Xiaoming Song
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health Sciences, and Institute of Environmental Medicine, Peking University School of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Yiqun Han
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yunfang Ji
- Center for Diseases Control and Prevention of Luwan District, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shuna Gao
- Center for Diseases Control and Prevention of Luwan District, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yu Shang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shou-en Lu
- Department of Biostatistics, UMDNJ-School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey, US.
| | - Tong Zhu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health Sciences, and Institute of Environmental Medicine, Peking University School of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Stuckey MI, Tulppo MP, Kiviniemi AM, Petrella RJ. Heart rate variability and the metabolic syndrome: a systematic review of the literature. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2014; 30:784-93. [PMID: 24816921 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of cross-sectional studies have examined associations between heart rate variability and metabolic syndrome, but differences in study populations, data collection and analysis methodologies make synthesis difficult. The purpose of this study was to systematically review published primary research examining associations between heart rate variability and metabolic syndrome or its individual risk factors. METHODS A systematic literature search of PubMed and EMBASE was conducted to identify relevant articles published from January 1999 to December 2012. Studies were included if they examined associations between heart rate variability analysed by standard protocols and metabolic syndrome risk factors according to published definitions. All papers were scored with a modified Downs and Black instrument, and data were extracted. RESULTS Fourteen studies were included. Heart rate variability generally was reduced in women with metabolic syndrome compared to those without, while results in men were inconsistent. Time and frequency domain heart rate variability parameters were associated with individual metabolic syndrome risk factors, though sex differences exist. Only two studies considered nonlinear and Poincaré plot heart rate variability parameters, which were reduced in metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Heart rate variability is altered differently in men and women with metabolic syndrome. Future studies should follow consistent heart rate variability analysis protocols and metabolic syndrome definitions and include more comprehensive analyses to investigate potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie I Stuckey
- School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Aging, Rehabilitation and Geriatric Care Research Centre, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
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14
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Wagner JG, Allen K, Yang HY, Nan B, Morishita M, Mukherjee B, Dvonch JT, Spino C, Fink GD, Rajagopalan S, Sun Q, Brook RD, Harkema JR. Cardiovascular depression in rats exposed to inhaled particulate matter and ozone: effects of diet-induced metabolic syndrome. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2014; 122:27-33. [PMID: 24169565 PMCID: PMC3888573 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High ambient levels of ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, especially in people with preexisting cardiopulmonary diseases. Enhanced susceptibility to the toxicity of air pollutants may include individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that cardiovascular responses to O3 and PM2.5 will be enhanced in rats with diet-induced MetS. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fructose diet (HFrD) to induce MetS and then exposed to O3, concentrated ambient PM2.5, or the combination of O3 plus PM2.5 for 9 days. Data related to heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV), and blood pressure (BP) were collected. RESULTS Consistent with MetS, HFrD rats were hypertensive and insulin resistant, and had elevated fasting levels of blood glucose and triglycerides. Decreases in HR and BP, which were found in all exposure groups, were greater and more persistent in HFrD rats compared with those fed a normal diet (ND). Coexposure to O3 plus PM2.5 induced acute drops in HR and BP in all rats, but only ND rats adapted after 2 days. HFrD rats had little exposure-related changes in HRV, whereas ND rats had increased HRV during O3 exposure, modest decreases with PM2.5, and dramatic decreases during O3 plus PM2.5 coexposures. CONCLUSIONS Cardiovascular depression in O3- and PM2.5-exposed rats was enhanced and prolonged in rats with HFrD-induced MetS. These results in rodents suggest that people with MetS may be prone to similar exaggerated BP and HR responses to inhaled air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G Wagner
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, and
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Cobb CO, Sahmarani K, Eissenberg T, Shihadeh A. Acute toxicant exposure and cardiac autonomic dysfunction from smoking a single narghile waterpipe with tobacco and with a "healthy" tobacco-free alternative. Toxicol Lett 2012; 215:70-5. [PMID: 23059956 PMCID: PMC3641895 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking using a waterpipe (narghile, hookah, shisha) has become a global epidemic. Unlike cigarette smoking, little is known about the health effects of waterpipe use. One acute effect of cigarette smoke inhalation is dysfunction in autonomic regulation of the cardiac cycle, as indicated by reduction in heart rate variability (HRV). Reduced HRV is implicated in adverse cardiovascular health outcomes, and is associated with inhalation exposure-induced oxidative stress. Using a 32 participant cross-over study design, we investigated toxicant exposure and effects of waterpipe smoking on heart rate variability when, under controlled conditions, participants smoked a tobacco-based and a tobacco-free waterpipe product promoted as an alternative for "health-conscious" users. Outcome measures included HRV, exhaled breath carbon monoxide (CO), plasma nicotine, and puff topography, which were measured at times prior to, during, and after smoking. We found that waterpipe use acutely decreased HRV (p<0.01 for all measures), independent of product smoked. Plasma nicotine, blood pressure, and heart rate increased only with the tobacco-based product (p<0.01), while CO increased with both products (p<0.01). More smoke was inhaled during tobacco-free product use, potentially reflecting attempted regulation of nicotine intake. The data thus indicate that waterpipe smoking acutely compromises cardiac autonomic function, and does so through exposure to smoke constituents other than nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline O. Cobb
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kamar Sahmarani
- Aerosol Research Lab, Mechanical Engineering Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Thomas Eissenberg
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Alan Shihadeh
- Aerosol Research Lab, Mechanical Engineering Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Block ML, Elder A, Auten RL, Bilbo SD, Chen H, Chen JC, Cory-Slechta DA, Costa D, Diaz-Sanchez D, Dorman DC, Gold DR, Gray K, Jeng HA, Kaufman JD, Kleinman MT, Kirshner A, Lawler C, Miller DS, Nadadur SS, Ritz B, Semmens EO, Tonelli LH, Veronesi B, Wright RO, Wright RJ. The outdoor air pollution and brain health workshop. Neurotoxicology 2012; 33:972-84. [PMID: 22981845 PMCID: PMC3726250 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that outdoor air pollution may have a significant impact on central nervous system (CNS) health and disease. To address this issue, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institute of Health convened a panel of research scientists that was assigned the task of identifying research gaps and priority goals essential for advancing this growing field and addressing an emerging human health concern. Here, we review recent findings that have established the effects of inhaled air pollutants in the brain, explore the potential mechanisms driving these phenomena, and discuss the recommended research priorities/approaches that were identified by the panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Block
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Campus, Richmond, VA, USA.
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Huang J, Deng F, Wu S, Guo X. Comparisons of personal exposure to PM2.5 and CO by different commuting modes in Beijing, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 425:52-59. [PMID: 22472140 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have shown that commuting in traffic is associated with adverse health effects. It is vital to investigate commuters' exposure to traffic-related air pollutants before considering potential health risks. However, there are relatively few publications considering commuters' personal exposure in China. METHOD We carried out a field investigation measuring commuters' personal exposure to particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM(2.5)) and carbon monoxide (CO) by three commuting modes in Beijing. Both PM(2.5) and CO personal concentrations and whole trip exposures were compared among the three commuting modes. RESULTS After controlling confounding factors, we found that taxi commuters were exposed to lower concentrations of PM(2.5) (31.64±20.77 μg/m(3)) compared with bus commuters (42.40±23.36 μg/m(3)) and cyclists (49.10±26.60 μg/m(3)). By contrast, CO personal concentrations were significantly higher when commuting by taxi (5.21±1.52 ppm) than by bus (2.41±0.99 ppm) and bicycle (1.90±0.55 ppm). However, when inhalation rates and trip duration were taken into consideration, cyclists experienced the highest whole trip exposures to both PM(2.5) and CO (p<0.05). We also found fixed site monitoring data were not appropriate surrogates for personal exposure while commuting, especially during traffic heavy times. CONCLUSION PM(2.5) and CO personal concentrations were greatly influenced by the commuting mode. Furthermore, the highest whole trip exposures to PM(2.5) and CO which cyclists experienced indicates it is not preferable to commute by bicycle in a relatively high air polluted environment. Cyclists are possibly subject to greater health risks than other commuters. Thus further research needs to be conducted to investigate the health risks associated with cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
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Hampel R, Breitner S, Schneider A, Zareba W, Kraus U, Cyrys J, Geruschkat U, Belcredi P, Müller M, Wichmann HE, Peters A. Acute air pollution effects on heart rate variability are modified by SNPs involved in cardiac rhythm in individuals with diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2012; 112:177-185. [PMID: 22071035 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have shown associations between particulate matter (PM) and heart rate variability (HRV). OBJECTIVES We investigated the effects of air pollution on the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) and the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) and effect modifications by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). METHODS Between March 2007 and December 2008 207 ECG recordings comprising 1153 1 h-intervals were measured in 61 individuals with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) from Augsburg, Germany. Associations between 1 h-averages of air pollutants (PM, sulphate, black carbon, and ultrafine particles) and ECG parameters were analyzed using additive mixed models. Genotypes of 139 SNPs supposed to be involved in cardiac rhythm were identified in the literature. Using regression trees for longitudinal data, SNPs associated with ECG parameters were determined and included as potential air pollution effect modifiers. RESULTS We observed concurrent and lagged decreases in SDNN by about 2-5% in association with all air pollutants, especially in participants with at least one minor allele of rs332229. Increases in PM<2.5 μm (PM(2.5)) were associated with 4 h-lagged decreases of -6.6% [95%-confidence interval:-10.6;-2.6%] and -13.0% [-20.7;-5.1%] in SDNN in individuals with one or two minor alleles. We observed a -7.2% [-12.2;-1.8%] reduction in RMSSD associated with concurrent increases in PM(2.5.) Individuals with at least one minor allele of rs2096767 or at most one minor allele of rs2745967 exhibited stronger PM(2.5) effects. CONCLUSIONS We identified a genetic predisposition in persons with diabetes or IGT making them potentially more susceptible to air pollutants with regard to changes in HRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Hampel
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Wu S, Deng F, Niu J, Huang Q, Liu Y, Guo X. The relationship between traffic-related air pollutants and cardiac autonomic function in a panel of healthy adults: a further analysis with existing data. Inhal Toxicol 2011; 23:289-303. [DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2011.568976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Su TC, Chen SY, Chan CC. Progress of Ambient Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease Research in Asia. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2011; 53:369-78. [PMID: 21414472 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Chen Su
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Park SK, Auchincloss AH, O'Neill MS, Prineas R, Correa JC, Keeler J, Barr RG, Kaufman JD, Diez Roux AV. Particulate air pollution, metabolic syndrome, and heart rate variability: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA). ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2010; 118:1406-11. [PMID: 20529761 PMCID: PMC2957920 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0901778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac autonomic dysfunction has been suggested as a possible biologic pathway for the association between fine particulate matter ≤ 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We examined the associations of PM2.5 with heart rate variability, a marker of autonomic function, and whether metabolic syndrome (MetS) modified these associations. METHODS We used data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis to measure the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) and the root mean square of successive differences (rMSSD) of 5,465 participants 45-84 years old who were free of CVD at the baseline examination (2000-2002). Data from the U.S. regulatory monitor network were used to estimate ambient PM2.5 concentrations at the participants' residences. MetS was defined as having three or more of the following criteria: abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high blood pressure, and high fasting glucose. RESULTS After controlling for confounders, we found that an interquartile range (IQR) increase in 2-day average PM2.5 (10.2 µg/m3) was associated with a 2.1% decrease in rMSSD [95% confidence interval (CI), -4.2 to 0.0] and nonsignificantly associated with a 1.8% decrease in SDNN (95% CI, -3.7 to 0.1). Associations were stronger among individuals with MetS than among those without MetS: an IQR elevation in 2-day PM2.5 was associated with a 6.2% decrease in rMSSD (95% CI, -9.4 to -2.9) among participants with MetS, whereas almost no change was found among participants without MetS (p-interaction = 0.005). Similar effect modification was observed in SDNN (p-interaction = 0.011). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that autonomic dysfunction may be a mechanism through which PM exposure affects cardiovascular risk, especially among persons with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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