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Mazur M, Shirvanimoghaddam K, Paul M, Naebe M, Klepka T, Sokołowski A, Czech B. From Waste to Water Purification: Textile-Derived Sorbents for Pharmaceutical Removal. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3684. [PMID: 39124348 PMCID: PMC11313209 DOI: 10.3390/ma17153684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceuticals or their active metabolites in receiving waters is a sign of the inefficient removal of bioactive substrates from wastewater. Adsorption seems to be the most effective and inexpensive method of their removal. Waste management aimed at sorbents is a promising way to sustain several sustainable development goals. In the presented paper, the removal of the two most widely used drugs in the wastewater was examined. Diclofenac and carbamazepine were removed from water and wastewater using textile waste-derived sorbents. Their removal efficiency was verified by testing several process parameters such as the time of the sorption, the presence of interfering inorganic ions, the presence of dissolved organic matter, the initial pH and ionic strength of the solution, and various water matrices. The adsorption capacity was noted for diclofenac (57.1 mg/g) and carbamazepine (21.25 mg/g). The tested process parameters (pH, presence of inorganic ions, dissolved organic matter, ionic strength, water matrix) confirmed that the presented waste materials possessed a great potential for pharmaceutical removal from water matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Mazur
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Pl. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (A.S.)
| | | | - Moon Paul
- Carbon Nexus, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (M.P.); (M.N.)
| | - Minoo Naebe
- Carbon Nexus, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (M.P.); (M.N.)
| | - Tomasz Klepka
- Department of Technology and Polymer Processing, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, ul. Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Artur Sokołowski
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Pl. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Bożena Czech
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Pl. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (A.S.)
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2
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Masinga P, Simbanegavi TT, Makuvara Z, Marumure J, Chaukura N, Gwenzi W. Emerging organic contaminants in the soil-plant-receptor continuum: transport, fate, health risks, and removal mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:367. [PMID: 38488937 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
There is a lack of comprehensive reviews tracking emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) within the soil-plant continuum using the source-pathway-receptor-impact-mitigation (SPRIM) framework. Therefore, this review examines existing literature to gain insights into the occurrence, behaviour, fate, health hazards, and strategies for mitigating EOCs within the soil-plant system. EOCs identified in the soil-plant system encompass endocrine-disrupting chemicals, surfactants, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, plasticizers, gasoline additives, flame retardants, and per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Sources of EOCs in the soil-plant system include the land application of biosolids, wastewater, and solid wastes rich in EOCs. However, less-studied sources encompass plastics and atmospheric deposition. EOCs are transported from their sources to the soil-plant system and other receptors through human activities, wind-driven processes, and hydrological pathways. The behaviour, persistence, and fate of EOCs within the soil-plant system are discussed, including sorption, degradation, phase partitioning, (bio)transformation, biouptake, translocation, and bioaccumulation in plants. Factors governing the behaviour, persistence, and fate of EOCs in the soil-plant system include pH, redox potential, texture, temperature, and soil organic matter content. The review also discusses the environmental receptors of EOCs, including their exchange with other environmental compartments (aquatic and atmospheric), and interactions with soil organisms. The ecological health risks, human exposure via inhalation of particulate matter and consumption of contaminated food, and hazards associated with various EOCs in the soil-plant system are discussed. Various mitigation measures including removal technologies of EOCs in the soil are discussed. Finally, future research directions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Privilege Masinga
- Department of Soil Science and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Environment, and Food Systems, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, P. O. Box MP 167, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Tinoziva T Simbanegavi
- Department of Soil Science and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Environment, and Food Systems, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, P. O. Box MP 167, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Zakio Makuvara
- Department of Physics, Geography and Environmental Science, School of Natural Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jerikias Marumure
- Department of Physics, Geography and Environmental Science, School of Natural Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nhamo Chaukura
- Department of Physical and Earth Sciences, Sol Plaatje University, Kimberley, 8301, South Africa
| | - Willis Gwenzi
- Biosystems and Engineering Research Group, 380 New Adylin, Marlborough, Harare, Zimbabwe.
- Biosystems and Environmental Engineering Research Group, 380 New Adylin, Marlborough, Harare, Zimbabwe.
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Li X, Yang Y, Wang J, Jin H, Zhang Y, Cui Y, Song Y, Yan J. Organohalide Respiration with Diclofenac by Dehalogenimonas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:11266-11276. [PMID: 35921385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac (DCF) is a pharmaceutically active contaminant frequently found in aquatic ecosystems. The transformation pathways and microbiology involved in the biodegradation of DCF, particularly under anoxic conditions, remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated microbially mediated reductive dechlorination of DCF in anaerobic enrichment culture derived from contaminated river sediment. Over 90% of the initial 76.7 ± 3.6 μM DCF was dechlorinated at a maximum rate of 1.8 ± 0.3 μM day-1 during a 160 days' incubation. Mass spectrometric analysis confirmed that 2-(2-((2-chlorophenyl)amino)phenyl)acetic acid (2-CPA) and 2-anilinophenylacetic acid (2-APA) were formed as the monochlorinated and nonchlorinated DCF transformation products, respectively. A survey of microbial composition and Sanger sequencing revealed the enrichment and dominance of a new Dehalogenimonas population, designated as Dehalogenimonas sp. strain DCF, in the DCF-dechlorinating community. Following the stoichiometric conversion of DCF to 2-CPA (76.0 ± 2.1 μM) and 2-APA (3.7 ± 0.8 μM), strain DCF cell densities increased by 24.4 ± 4.4-fold with a growth yield of 9.0 ± 0.1 × 108 cells per μmol chloride released. Our findings expand the metabolic capability in the genus Dehalogenimonas and highlight the relevant roles of organohalide-respiring bacteria for the natural attenuation of halogenated contaminants of emerging concerns (e.g., DCF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuying Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Room 512 South Building, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Room 512 South Building, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Room 512 South Building, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Huijuan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Room 512 South Building, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaozhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Room 512 South Building, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yiru Cui
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Room 512 South Building, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yufang Song
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Room 512 South Building, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Room 512 South Building, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
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Bigott Y, Gallego S, Montemurro N, Breuil MC, Pérez S, Michas A, Martin-Laurent F, Schröder P. Fate and impact of wastewater-borne micropollutants in lettuce and the root-associated bacteria. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 831:154674. [PMID: 35318055 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The reuse of water for agricultural practices becomes progressively more important due to increasing demands for a transition to a circular economy. Treated wastewater can be an alternative option of blue water used for the irrigation of crops but its risks need to be evaluated. This study assesses the uptake and metabolization of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) derived from treated wastewater into lettuce as well as the impact on root-associated bacteria under a realistic and worst-case scenario. Lettuce was grown in a controlled greenhouse and irrigated with water or treated wastewater spiked with and without a mixture of fourteen different PPCPs at 10 μg/L or 100 μg/L. After harvesting the plants, the same soil was reused for a consecutive cultivation campaign to test for the accumulation of PPCPs. Twelve out of fourteen spiked PPCPs were detected in lettuce roots, and thirteen in leaves. In roots, highest concentrations were measured for sucralose, sulfamethoxazole and citalopram, while sucralose, acesulfame and carbamazepine were the highest in leaves. Higher PPCP concentrations were found in lettuce roots irrigated with spiked treated wastewater than in those irrigated with spiked water. The absolute bacterial abundance remained stable over both cultivation campaigns and was not affected by any of the treatments (type of irrigation water (water vs. wastewater) nor concentration of PPCPs). However, the irrigation of lettuce with treated wastewater had a significant effect on the microbial α-diversity indices at the end of the second cultivation campaign, and modified the structure and community composition of root-associated bacteria at the end of both campaigns. Five and fourteen bacterial families were shown to be responsible for the observed changes at the end of the first and second cultivation campaign, respectively. Relative abundance of Haliangium and the clade Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium was significantly affected in response to PCPPs exposure. Caulobacter, Cellvibrio, Hydrogenophaga and Rhizobacter were significantly affected in microcosms irrigated with wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Bigott
- Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sara Gallego
- AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Agroécologie, Dijon, France
| | - Nicola Montemurro
- ENFOCHEM, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, (Spain)
| | - Marie-Christine Breuil
- AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Agroécologie, Dijon, France
| | - Sandra Pérez
- ENFOCHEM, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, (Spain)
| | - Antonios Michas
- Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabrice Martin-Laurent
- AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Agroécologie, Dijon, France
| | - Peter Schröder
- Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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Gallego S, Montemurro N, Béguet J, Rouard N, Philippot L, Pérez S, Martin-Laurent F. Ecotoxicological risk assessment of wastewater irrigation on soil microorganisms: Fate and impact of wastewater-borne micropollutants in lettuce-soil system. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 223:112595. [PMID: 34390984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of the new Water Reuse regulation in the European Union brings to the forefront the need to evaluate the risks of using wastewater for crop irrigation. Here, a two-tier ecotoxicological risk assessment was performed to evaluate the fate of wastewater-borne micropollutants in soil and their ecotoxicological impact on plants and soil microorganisms. To this end, two successive cultivation campaigns of lettuces were irrigated with wastewater (at agronomical dose (not spiked) and spiked with a mixture of 14 pharmaceuticals at 10 and 100 µg/L each) in a controlled greenhouse experiment. Over the two cultivation campaigns, an accumulation of PPCPs was observed in soil microcosms irrigated with wastewater spiked with 100 μg/L of PPCPs with the highest concentrations detected for clarithromycin, hydrochlorothiazide, citalopram, climbazole and carbamazepine. The abundance of bacterial and fungal communities remained stable over the two cultivation campaigns and was not affected by any of the irrigation regimes applied. Similarly, no changes were observed in the abundance of ammonium oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB), nor in clade A of commamox no matter the cultivation campaign or the irrigation regime considered. Only a slight increase was detected in clade B of commamox bacteria after the second cultivation campaign. Sulfamethoxazole-resistant and -degrading bacteria were not impacted either. The irrigation regimes had only a limited effect on the bacterial evenness. However, in response to wastewater irrigation the structure of soil bacterial community significantly changed the relative abundance of Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Verrucomicrobia, Beta-, Gamma- and Deltaprotebacteria. Twenty-eight operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified as responsible for the changes observed within the bacterial communities of soils irrigated with wastewater or with water. Interestingly, the relative abundance of these OTUs was similar in soils irrigated with either spiked or non-spiked irrigation solutions. This indicates that under both agronomical and worst-case scenario the mixture of fourteen PPCPs had no effect on soil bacterial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gallego
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Agroécologie, Dijon, France
| | - Nicola Montemurro
- ENFOCHEM, Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jérémie Béguet
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Agroécologie, Dijon, France
| | - Nadine Rouard
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Agroécologie, Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Philippot
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Agroécologie, Dijon, France
| | - Sandra Pérez
- ENFOCHEM, Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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García-Cambero JP, Corpa C, Lucena MA, Méndez P, Sierra P, Galán-Madruga D, Aguayo S. Presence of diclofenac, estradiol, and ethinylestradiol in Manzanares River (Spain) and their toxicity to zebrafish embryo development. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:49921-49935. [PMID: 33948840 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14167-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac (DCF), 17-β-estradiol (E2), and 17-α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) are emerging pollutants included in the first watch list agreed by European countries and set in the EU Water Directive. The objective of the present study was the analytical monitoring of DCF, E2, and EE2 in surface water and sediment of the Manzanares River in a stretch that crosses the city of Madrid, Spain, and to assess whether such environmental levels could affect the development of aquatic vertebrates through a zebrafish embryo-larval assay. Samples taken during two campaigns in the spring of 2015 were analyzed for DCF, E2, and EE2 by LC-MS or GC-MS. The levels of E2 and EE2 measured in surface water and sediments of the Manzanares were within the ranges reported in other Spanish and European studies; however, DCF levels were higher in the present study. The zebrafish embryos exposed to the Manzanares River water (0-144h) showed lethal effects and sublethal effects (developmental delay, bradycardia, and reduced locomotion). Nevertheless, these effects were not primarily associated with the levels of DCF, E2, and EE2 present in the Manzanares River, because representative mixtures of the field study prepared in the laboratory did not exhibit such toxicity to the zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Pablo García-Cambero
- Area of Environmental Toxicology, National Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Health Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Cristina Corpa
- Unity of Antibacterial Resistance, Spanish Food Safety and Nutrition Agency, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Lucena
- Quality Assurance Programme, National Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Health Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Paloma Méndez
- Unity of Antibacterial Resistance, Spanish Food Safety and Nutrition Agency, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Sierra
- Unity of Antibacterial Resistance, Spanish Food Safety and Nutrition Agency, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Galán-Madruga
- Department of Atmospheric Pollution, National Environment Health Center, Carlos III Health Institute, 28220, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera de Majadahonda a Pozuelo, km 2, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sonia Aguayo
- Unity of Antibacterial Resistance, Spanish Food Safety and Nutrition Agency, Madrid, Spain
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Guedes P, Dionísio J, Couto N, Mateus EP, Pereira CS, Ribeiro AB. Electro-bioremediation of a mixture of structurally different contaminants of emerging concern: Uncovering electrokinetic contribution. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 406:124304. [PMID: 33153782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study analyses the electrokinetic (EK) contribution to the removal from a clay soil of a mixture of 10 different contaminants of emerging concern (CECs; 17β-estradiol, E2; sulfamethoxazole, SMX; bisphenol A, BPA; ibuprofen, IBU; 17α-ethinylestradiol, EE2; oxybenzone, OXY; diclofenac, DCF; triclosan, TCS; caffeine, CAF; carbamazepine, CBZ). After 4 days, the CECs natural attenuation was between 0% (CBZ) and 90% (E2) yet increasing with the application of EK (20 mA, 12 h ON/OFF) to 14% (CBZ) and 100% (E2). When EK was applied, the CECs more recalcitrant to biodegradation (i.e. ≤ 13% biotic decay) mostly underwent electro-chemical induced degradation (OXY, DCF, TCS, CAF, CBZ). Daily irrigation enhanced the rates of the electro-oxidation -osmosis and -migration, increasing the CECs decay. After 8 days of EK treatment, the CECs decay increased, surpassing the decay lag phase of some compounds (OXY, TCS, and CBZ). Yet after 16 days, most CECs showed similar removals with and without EK, with EK only acting positively on SMX, OXY, TCS and CBZ (ca. +10%). Our results support that EK application can improve the removal of CECs from soil, however, under the conditions tested, 16-day treatment lead to pH alterations that decreased the bioremediation efficiency and inhibited electro-degradation near the cathode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Guedes
- CENSE - Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Joana Dionísio
- CENSE - Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Nazaré Couto
- CENSE - Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Eduardo P Mateus
- CENSE - Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Cristina Silva Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Alexandra B Ribeiro
- CENSE - Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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Żur J, Marchlewicz A, Piński A, Guzik U, Wojcieszyńska D. Degradation of diclofenac by new bacterial strains and its influence on the physiological status of cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:124000. [PMID: 33265034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac (DCF) is one of the most commonly utilized non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which is known to pose an ecotoxicological threat. In this study, from activated sludge and contaminated soil, we isolated four new bacterial strains able to degrade DCF under mono-substrate and co-metabolic conditions with glucose supplementation. We found that the effectiveness of DCF removal is strictly strain-specific and the addition of the primary substrate is not always beneficial. To assess the multidirectional influence of DCF on bacterial cells we evaluated the alterations of increasing concentrations of this drug on membrane structure. A significant increase was observed in the content of 17:0 cyclo fatty acid, which is responsible for reduced fluidity and profound changes in membrane rigidity. The cell injury and oxidative stress were assessed with biomarkers used as endpoints of toxicity, i.e. catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lipids peroxidation (LPX), and both intra- and extracellular alkaline and acid phosphatase activity. Results indicated that DCF induced oxidative stress, frequently intensified by the addition of glucose. However, the response of the microbial cells to the presence of DCF should not be generalized, since the overall picture of the particular alterations greatly varied for each of the examined strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Żur
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland.
| | - Ariel Marchlewicz
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland.
| | - Artur Piński
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland.
| | - Urszula Guzik
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland.
| | - Danuta Wojcieszyńska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland.
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Assessing the bioremediation potential of indigenously isolated Klebsiella sp. WAH1 for diclofenac sodium: optimization, toxicity and metabolic pathway studies. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:33. [PMID: 33469843 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-02998-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Among the various pharmaceutical pollutants, diclofenac sodium (DFS), a widely prescribed non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug is detected in the aquatic environment at concentrations which can be harmful to living organisms. Present study illustrates the isolation and characterization of strain Klebsiella pneumoniae WAH1 from activated sludge and its ability to degrade DFS as sole source of carbon and energy. The growth and degradation capacity of K. pneumoniae WAH1 under different conditions of pH, temperature, rotation speed, and inoculum age were evaluated using optical density and liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LCMS). The results show that K. pneumoniae WAH1 can grow well with DFS as its sole source of carbon and degrade 79.14% of DFS (10 mg L-1) within 72 h. Based on chemical structure of intermediates detected through LCMS, it is inferred that degradation pathway advanced by hydroxylation, decarboxylation, and dechlorination reactions. Toxicity studies revealed the non-toxic nature of the end-products of DFS degradation after 72 h. The findings suggest that K. pneumoniae WAH1 has an excellent potential for bioremediation of DFS in industrial wastewaters.
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Amra S, Bourouina M, Bourouina Bacha S, Hauchard D. Preconcentration and Successful Selective Detection of Traces of Diclofenac in Water using a Nanostructured Modified Carbon Paste Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202060415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siham Amra
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences Exactes Université A. Mira Bejaia 06000 Algérie
- Univ Rennes Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR – UMR6226 F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Mustapha Bourouina
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences Exactes Université A. Mira Bejaia 06000 Algérie
| | - Saliha Bourouina Bacha
- Département de Génie des procédés, Faculté de technologie Université A. Mira Bejaia 06000 Algérie
| | - Didier Hauchard
- Univ Rennes Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR – UMR6226 F-35000 Rennes France
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11
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Effects of Low Concentration of Selected Analgesics and Successive Bioaugmentation of the Activated Sludge on Its Activity and Metabolic Diversity. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12041133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the impact of the successive bioaugmentation of the activated sludge (AS) with the defined bacterial consortium on the activity and functional capacity of the AS microorganisms. In parallel, the removal of low concentrations of the selected non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac) and analgesic paracetamol was studied. We found that the addition of the bacterial consortium consisting of three pharmaceuticals-degrading strains Bacillus thuringiensis B1 (2015b), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KB2, and Pseudomonas moorei KB4 into the AS did not cause any significant changes in the biomass abundance and metabolic activity of the AS microorganisms. Although, the successive bioaugmentation of the AS caused a slight increase in the metabolic diversity, the intensity of carbohydrates usage, and metabolic richness. Microorganisms in the bioaugmented and non-bioaugmented AS were able to degrade the mixture of the analyzed drugs with similar efficiency, however, diclofenac was removed more effectively in the bioaugmented AS. Several metabolites were identified and efficiently utilized, with the exception of 4-OH diclofenac. Two new diclofenac-degrading strains assigned as Serratia proteamaculans AS4 and Rahnella bruchi AS7 were isolated from the diclofenac-treated AS.
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12
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13
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Thangapriya C, Ilaamirthamani S, Kumarraja M. Highly regioselective O-allylation of phenol derivatives using MMZCu(I)Y catalyst. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2019.1695838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mayilvasagam Kumarraja
- Centre for Research and Post-Graduate Studies in Chemistry, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous), Sivakasi, India
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14
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Paz ADL, Salinas N, Matamoros V. Unravelling the role of vegetation in the attenuation of contaminants of emerging concern from wetland systems: Preliminary results from column studies. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 166:115031. [PMID: 31505310 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution with contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) is widespread in water bodies due to the low effectiveness of industrial and urban wastewater treatment systems. In recent decades, the implementation of vegetation-based wastewater treatment systems such as wetlands has been observed to help solve this issue. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the removal percentage attributable to plants and how plants affect this removal improvement. In this study, we monitored planted (Phragmites australis) and unplanted sand columns to assess the effect of vegetation on the attenuation of 5 well-known CECs (benzotriazole, sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine, bisphenol A, and diclofenac) and link it to the presence of different root exudates. The columns were operated in a continuous feeding mode for more than 6 months at 3 hydraulic loading rates (HLRs) (70, 140, and 280 mm d-1). We found that the presence of vegetation increased CEC attenuation from no effect to more than 200% compared to the unplanted columns. The highest effect was observed for carbamazepine (94-200%), followed by diclofenac (22-171%), benzotriazole (48-127%), and sulfamethoxazole (no effect to 43%), depending on the tested HLR. Furthermore, the greater CEC attenuation in planted columns was linked to the release of certain root exudates that may shape the root microbiome. We expect our assay to be a starting point for exploring the role of root exudates in enhancing CEC removal efficiency in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès de la Paz
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nèstor Salinas
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Matamoros
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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15
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Guedes P, Lopes V, Couto N, Mateus EP, Pereira CS, Ribeiro AB. Electrokinetic remediation of contaminants of emergent concern in clay soil: Effect of operating parameters. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 253:625-635. [PMID: 31330354 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The potential of electrokinetic (EK) remediation to remove from soils one particular group of contaminants - contaminants of emergent concern (CECs), remains largely overlooked. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the EK process for the remediation of an agricultural clay soil containing CECs. The soil was spiked with four CECs - sulfamethoxazole, ibuprofen, triclosan and caffeine - and their status (i.e. residual amounts and spatial distribution) evaluated at the seventh day of EK treatment at a defined current intensity, directionality and duration of void period. The characterization of the soil physicochemical properties was also undertaken. The results showed similar degradation trends in all applied EK strategies, which were suchlike to that of the natural attenuation (biotic control): sulfamethoxazole > ibuprofen ≥ triclosan ≥ caffeine. The removal of the CECs was higher under a 10 mA constant current application than in the natural attenuation (up to 2.8 times higher; from 13 to 85%). Caffeine was the exception with its best removal efficiency being achieved when the ON/OFF switch mode with a void period duration of 12 h was used (36%). The use of electro-polarization reversal mode did not favour the remediation. The soil pH variations resulting from EK application were determinant for triclosan remediation, which increased with soil pH increase. The only EK condition that promoted the removal of all CECs was the ON/OFF switch mode of 12 h (removals between 36 and 72%), in which only minor physicochemical disturbances of the soil were observed. This is in accordance with a potential application of EK in-situ. The last is reinforced by the low estimated electrical cost of the best EK technology - 2.33 €/m3 for the 7 days. Overall the EK remediation processes are a promising technology to stimulate in situ the removal of CECs from agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Guedes
- CENSE, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Vanda Lopes
- CENSE, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Nazaré Couto
- CENSE, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Eduardo P Mateus
- CENSE, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Cristina Silva Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Alexandra B Ribeiro
- CENSE, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
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16
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Biodegradation Potential and Diversity of Diclofenac-degrading Microbiota in an Immobilized Cell Biofilter. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7090554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite that diclofenac has been embodied to the European watch list of priority substances of concern, studies on diclofenac biodegradation are limited and the diversity of diclofenac-degrading microbiota remains unknown. In this work, an immobilized cell biofilter was constructed and operated to evaluate its effectiveness to depurate high strength diclofenac wastewater and to identify the diclofenac-degrading community accommodated in activated sludge by employing high-throughput sequencing techniques. After a two-month adaptation period, biofilter removal efficiencies reached values as high as 97.63 ± 0.62%, whereas utilization of diclofenac in the immobilized cell biofilter led to a drastic pH decrease. Based on Illumina sequencing, the major bacterial taxa identified in the immobilized cell biofilter were members of the species Granulicella pectinivorans and Rhodanobacter terrae, followed by members of the species Castellaniella denitrificans, Parvibaculum lavamentivorans, Bordetella petrii, Bryocella elongata and Rhodopseudomonas palustris. The ability of such taxa to utilize a wide range of carbon sources and to effectively adapt under acidic conditions seemed to be the main parameters, which favored their prevalence in the immobilized cell biofilter. In addition, Wickerhamiella was the predominant fungal taxon in the immobilized cell biofilter, which appears to be actively involved in diclofenac degradation in activated sludge systems.
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17
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Huy LQ, Shimoyama Y. Hybrid CO2-activated separation system for removal of diclofenac in aqueous solution. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Bagnis S, Fitzsimons MF, Snape J, Tappin A, Comber S. Impact of the wastewater-mixing zone on attenuation of pharmaceuticals in natural waters: Implications for an impact zone inclusive environmental risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 658:42-50. [PMID: 30577026 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The direct discharge of untreated wastewater has been identified as an important source of environmental contamination by active pharmaceutical ingredients and other 'down-the-drain' chemicals in developing countries. It necessitates the development of an environmental risk assessment approach for the resulting impact zone. This study was designed to investigate the impact of low level of dilution (<10) on the natural attenuation processes of distribution and degradation within the impact zone. Dilution of the untreated wastewater resulted in increased desorption and corresponding environmental concentrations. The presence/absence of the microbial population in the batches affected the degree of sorption depending on the compound charge (i.e. positive or negative), highlighting an experimental technical bias. The degradation half-lives of acebutolol and diclofenac increased with increasing dilution and resulted in higher environmental persistence. The modelling of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) allowed an estimate of the temporal end boundary of the impact zone to be predicted as 24h. Therefore, it was concluded that most of the investigated compounds would persist beyond the end of the impact zone as defined by the return to environmental BOD concentrations. It is proposed that, within environmental risk assessment protocols, the impact zone should be considered as a semi-natural wastewater treatment area in such a way to allow the estimate of environmental concentrations of pharmaceuticals beyond its end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Bagnis
- Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Mark F Fitzsimons
- Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Jason Snape
- AstraZeneca UK, Global Safety, Health and Environment, Macclesfield, UK; School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, the University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Alan Tappin
- Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Sean Comber
- Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
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19
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Ghirardini A, Verlicchi P. A review of selected microcontaminants and microorganisms in land runoff and tile drainage in treated sludge-amended soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 655:939-957. [PMID: 30481719 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to provide a snapshot of the quality of surface runoff and tile drainage in sludge-amended soil in terms of 57 microcontaminants, including pharmaceuticals, hormones and fragrances, and 5 different species of bacteria. It also discusses the main factors affecting their occurrence (soil characteristics, applied sludge load and rate, sludge application method, rain intensity and frequency). It is based on 38 investigations carried out by different research groups in Canada, Australia, the USA and Ireland. The most frequently investigated compounds were hormones, the antiseptics triclosan and triclocarban, the analgesics and anti-inflammatories acetaminophen, ibuprofen and naproxen, the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole, the lipid regulator gemfibrozil and the psychiatric drug carbamazepine. Of all the bacteria, E. coli was the most monitored species. It was found that concentrations of the studied pollutants in surface runoff and tile drainage may vary, depending on many factors. They are generally lower than those observed in the secondary municipal effluent and in surface water, but their contribution to the deterioration of surface water quality might be relevant, mainly in wide rural areas. In this context, the reported data or their ranges represent an attempt to provide reference thresholds and bands of observed concentrations for a rough estimation of the contribution made by the release of the selected pollutants into surface water bodies via surface runoff and tile drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ghirardini
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - P Verlicchi
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy; Terra and Acqua Laboratory of the Technopole network of the University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, 44123 Ferrara, Italy.
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20
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Delgado-Moreno L, Bazhari S, Nogales R, Romero E. Innovative application of biobed bioremediation systems to remove emerging contaminants: Adsorption, degradation and bioaccesibility. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:990-997. [PMID: 30266056 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biobed bioremediation systems (BBSs) are widely used to prevent point-source pesticide contamination of water. However, these systems have never been investigated for possible elimination of emerging contaminants (ECs). In this study, two biobed systems, involving biomixtures elaborated with soil and raw olive mill cake (SCP) or its vermicompost (SVP), were assayed to determine their effectiveness in removing the ECs diclofenac, ibuprofen and triclosan from effluent wastewater. Adsorption, incubation and bioaccesibility experiments were carried out. The SCP and SVP biomixtures showed greater adsorption capacity than the soil (S), used as reference. In SVP and S, the degradation rates of the ECs applied were similar and over 94% of these compounds was removed after 84 days of incubation. However, SCP biomixture had a lower removal rate and the percentage of ECs removed ranged from 32 to 68%. In SVP, the bioaccesible fraction (E) reveals that approximately 82% of triclosan and diclofenac adsorption occurred in bioaccesible sites, thus explaining the more efficient decontamination observed in this biomixture. The relationship established between the bioaccesible and biodegradable fractions suggests that E values are a useful tool for predicting the endpoints of ECs biodegradation in bioremediation systems. UPLC/Q-TOF-MS analysis of samples showed different metabolite products.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Delgado-Moreno
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain.
| | - S Bazhari
- Physical Chemistry of Materials and Nanomaterials Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - R Nogales
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - E Romero
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
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21
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Thelusmond JR, Kawka E, Strathmann TJ, Cupples AM. Diclofenac, carbamazepine and triclocarban biodegradation in agricultural soils and the microorganisms and metabolic pathways affected. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:1393-1410. [PMID: 30021306 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The incomplete elimination of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) during wastewater treatment has resulted in their detection in the environment. PPCP biodegradation is a potential removal mechanism; however, the microorganisms and pathways involved in soils are generally unknown. Here, the biodegradation of diclofenac (DCF), carbamazepine (CBZ) and triclocarban (TCC) in four agricultural soils at concentrations typically detected in soils and biosolids (50 ng g-1) was examined. Rapid DCF removal (<7 days) was observed under aerobic conditions, but only limited biodegradation was noted under other redox conditions. CBZ and TCC degradation under aerobic conditions was slow (half-lives of 128-241 days and 165-190 days for CBZ and TCC). Phylotypes in the Proteobacteria, Gemmatimonadales and Actinobacteria were significantly more abundant during DCF biodegradation compared to the controls (no DCF). For CBZ, those in the Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia were enriched compared to the controls. Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were also enriched during TCC biodegradation. Such differences could indicate these microorganisms are associated with the biodegradation of these compounds, as they appear to be benefiting from their removal. The impact of these PPCPs on the KEGG pathways associated with metabolism was also examined. Four pathways were positively impacted during DCF biodegradation (propanoate, lysine, fatty acid & benzoate metabolism). These pathways are likely common in soils, explaining the rapid removal of DCF. There was limited impact of CBZ on the metabolic pathways. TCC removal was linked to genes associated with the degradation of simple and complex substrates. The results indicate even low concentrations of PPCPs significantly affect soil communities. The recalcitrant nature of TCC and CBZ suggests soils receiving biosolids could accumulate these chemicals, representing risks concerning crop uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Rene Thelusmond
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Emily Kawka
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Timothy J Strathmann
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Alison M Cupples
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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22
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Lees K, Fitzsimons M, Snape J, Tappin A, Comber S. Soil sterilisation methods for use in OECD 106: How effective are they? CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 209:61-67. [PMID: 29913400 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Under many circumstances chemical risk assessments for pharmaceuticals and other substances are required to differentiate between 'loss' of a chemical from the aqueous phase as a result of abiotic (sorption or precipitation reactions) or biotic (biodegradation) processes. To distinguish only abiotic processes, it is necessary to work under sterile conditions. Reported methods include poisoning the soil with sodium azide, irradiation and autoclaving. However, a key aspect of any testing is the representativeness of the matrix and so any sterilisation procedure needs to ensure that the integrity of the sample is maintained, in particular particle size distribution, pH and organic carbon partitioning potential. A number of controlled laboratory experiments were performed on 3 different types of soil. Results indicated that none of the methods successfully sterilised the soils and some physico-chemical changes in soils were identified post-treatment. Autoclaving destroyed the soil structure, therefore potentially affecting its sorption behaviour and sodium azide changed the pH of the loam soil solution by 0.53 pH units. Gamma irradiation exhibited least disruption to the tested soils physico-chemical properties. It was therefore concluded that gamma irradiation was the best available method for sterilising soils in preparation for sorption-desorption experiments; however care needs to be taken with this method to ensure that microbial activity is absent, or quantified if present. The changes to soils after sterilisation varied depending on the individual soil properties, indicating that soils should be studied on a case-by-case basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Lees
- Biogeochemistry Research Group, Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK
| | - Mark Fitzsimons
- Biogeochemistry Research Group, Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK
| | - Jason Snape
- AstraZeneca UK, Global Safety, Health and Environment, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Alan Tappin
- Biogeochemistry Research Group, Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK
| | - Sean Comber
- Biogeochemistry Research Group, Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK.
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23
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D'Alessio M, Onanong S, Snow DD, Ray C. Occurrence and removal of pharmaceutical compounds and steroids at four wastewater treatment plants in Hawai'i and their environmental fate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 631-632:1360-1370. [PMID: 29727960 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of pharmaceutical and steroid compounds in groundwater due to wastewater reuse has been reported and is of concern in tropical islands which primarily rely on groundwater. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence and removal of 43 pharmaceutical and steroid compounds detected in wastewater at four different wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Hawai'i and to understand their environmental behavior through tropical soils as the treated effluents are used in landscapes for irrigation. Eight soil sampling locations, collected at three different depths, representing the most common soil types in Hawai'i and four WWTPs located across the major Hawaiian Islands were used. Disturbed soil samples were used to conduct the soil sorption and degradation studies and to estimate the leaching risk associated to the identified compounds. Quantification of selected compounds was conducted using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Among the investigated compounds, only ten were detected in the treated effluents at concentrations ranging from 0.004 to 0.900 μg L-1. Caffeine (64 μg L-1) and ibuprofen (96.5 μg L-1) showed the highest concentration in raw samples, while diphenhydramine (0.9 μg L-1) showed the highest concentration in treated effluent samples. Sulfamethoxazole showed the lowest removal (0-75%). Several pharmaceuticals showed consistently higher sorption capacity and longer persistency compared with steroids regardless of soil types and depths. Poamoho (Oxisol soil) and Waimānalo (Mollisol soil) showed the highest sorption capacity, while Waimea (Entisol soil) showed the lowest sorption capacity. Soil physico-chemical properties (i.e., clay content, level of organic carbon, and presence of metal oxide) and soil depth highly impacted the sorption behavior of the selected pharmaceutical compounds. In particular, the sorption capacity decreased with soil depth due to the higher level of organic carbon present in the first 30 cm compared with the deeper depths (60-90 cm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo D'Alessio
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 202 Water Sciences Laboratory, 1840 North 37th Street, Lincoln, NE 68583-0844, USA; University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Nebraska Water Center, 2021 Transformation Drive, Suite 3220, Lincoln, NE 68583-0979, USA.
| | - Sathaporn Onanong
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 202 Water Sciences Laboratory, 1840 North 37th Street, Lincoln, NE 68583-0844, USA.
| | - Daniel D Snow
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 202 Water Sciences Laboratory, 1840 North 37th Street, Lincoln, NE 68583-0844, USA.
| | - Chittaranjan Ray
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Nebraska Water Center, 2021 Transformation Drive, Suite 3220, Lincoln, NE 68583-0979, USA.
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24
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Moreira IS, Bessa VS, Murgolo S, Piccirillo C, Mascolo G, Castro PML. Biodegradation of Diclofenac by the bacterial strain Labrys portucalensis F11. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 152:104-113. [PMID: 29407776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac (DCF) is a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical which is detected in the environment at concentrations which can pose a threat to living organisms. In this study, biodegradation of DCF was assessed using the bacterial strain Labrys portucalensis F11. Biotransformation of 70% of DCF (1.7-34 μM), supplied as the sole carbon source, was achieved in 30 days. Complete degradation was reached via co-metabolism with acetate, over a period of 6 days for 1.7 µM and 25 days for 34 μM of DCF. The detection and identification of biodegradation intermediates was performed by UPLC-QTOF/MS/MS. The chemical structure of 12 metabolites is proposed. DCF degradation by strain F11 proceeds mainly by hydroxylation reactions; the formation of benzoquinone imine species seems to be a central step in the degradation pathway. Moreover, this is the first report that identified conjugated metabolites, resulting from sulfation reactions of DCF by bacteria. Stoichiometric liberation of chlorine and no detection of metabolites at the end of the experiments are strong indications of complete degradation of DCF by strain F11. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report that points to complete degradation of DCF by a single bacterial strain isolated from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina S Moreira
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, 172, 4200-374 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Vânia S Bessa
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, 172, 4200-374 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sapia Murgolo
- CNR, Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque, Via F. De Blasio 5, 70132 Bari, Italy
| | - Clara Piccirillo
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, 172, 4200-374 Porto, Portugal
| | - Giuseppe Mascolo
- CNR, Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque, Via F. De Blasio 5, 70132 Bari, Italy
| | - Paula M L Castro
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, 172, 4200-374 Porto, Portugal
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Chen X, Zhuang J, Bester K. Degradation of triclosan by environmental microbial consortia and by axenic cultures of microorganisms with concerns to wastewater treatment. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:5403-5417. [PMID: 29732474 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9029-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Triclosan is an antimicrobial agent, which is widely used in personal care products including toothpaste, soaps, deodorants, plastics, and cosmetics. Widespread use of triclosan has resulted in its release into wastewater, surface water, and soils and has received considerable attention in the recent years. It has been reported that triclosan is detected in various environmental compartments. Toxicity studies have suggested its potential environmental impacts, especially to aquatic ecosystems. To date, removal of triclosan has attracted rising attention and biodegradation of triclosan in different systems, such as axenic cultures of microorganisms, full-scale WWTPs, activated sludge, sludge treatment systems, sludge-amended soils, and sediments has been described. In this study, an extensive literature survey was undertaken, to present the current knowledge of the biodegradation behavior of triclosan and highlights the removal and transformation processes to help understand and predict the environmental fate of triclosan. Experiments at from lab-scale to full-scale field studies are shown and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jie Zhuang
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, Institute for a Secure and Sustainable Environment, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Kai Bester
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgsvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
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Sources and impacts of pharmaceutical components in wastewater and its treatment process: A review. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-017-0255-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Carbon nanotube-impeded transport of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in Xiangjiang sediments. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 498:229-238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Christou A, Karaolia P, Hapeshi E, Michael C, Fatta-Kassinos D. Long-term wastewater irrigation of vegetables in real agricultural systems: Concentration of pharmaceuticals in soil, uptake and bioaccumulation in tomato fruits and human health risk assessment. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 109:24-34. [PMID: 27865170 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater (WW) reuse for vegetable crops irrigation is regularly applied worldwide. Such a practice has been found to allow the uptake of pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) by plants and their subsequent entrance to the food web, representing an important alternative pathway for the exposure of humans to PhACs, with potential health implications. Herein we report the impacts of the long-term (three consecutive years) WW irrigation of a tomato crop with two differently treated effluents under real agricultural conditions, on (1) the soil concentration of selected PhACs (i.e. diclofenac, DCF; sulfamethoxazole, SMX; trimethoprim, TMP), (2) the bioaccumulation of these PhACs in tomato fruits, and (3) the human risks associated with the consumption of WW-irrigated fruits. Results revealed that the concentration of the studied PhACs in both the soil and tomato fruits varied depending on the qualitative characteristics of the treated effluent applied and the duration of WW irrigation. The PhAC with the highest soil concentration throughout the studied period was SMX (0.98 μg kg-1), followed by TMP (0.62 μg kg-1) and DCF (0.35 μg kg-1). DCF was not found in tomato fruits harvested from WW-irrigated plants during the first year of the study. However, DCF displayed the highest fruit concentration (11.63 μg kg-1) throughout the study (as a result of prolonged WW irrigation), followed by SMX (5.26 μg kg-1) and TMP (3.40 μg kg-1). The calculated fruit bioconcentration factors (BCFF) were extremely high for DCF in the 2nd (108) and 3rd year (132) of the experimental period, with the respective values for SMX (0.5-5.4) and TMP (0.2-6.4) being significantly lower. The estimated threshold of toxicity concern (TTC) and hazard quotients (HQ) values revealed that the consumption of fruits harvested from tomato plants irrigated for long period with the WW applied for irrigation under field conditions in this study represent a de minimis risk to human health. However, more studies need to be performed in order to obtain more solid information on the safety of WW reuse for irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasis Christou
- Agricultural Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Natural Recourses, P.O. Box 22016, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Popi Karaolia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; NIREAS-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Evroula Hapeshi
- NIREAS-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Costas Michael
- NIREAS-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Despo Fatta-Kassinos
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; NIREAS-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus.
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29
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Cycoń M, Borymski S, Żołnierczyk B, Piotrowska-Seget Z. Variable Effects of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) on Selected Biochemical Processes Mediated by Soil Microorganisms. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1969. [PMID: 28018307 PMCID: PMC5147054 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most frequently used group of pharmaceuticals. The high consumption and the uncontrolled disposal of unused drugs into municipal waste or their deposit in landfills can result in an increased concentration of these compounds in soils. Moreover, these drugs can affect the microbial activity. However, there is a lack of knowledge about these effects or it is very limited. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the impact of selected commercially available NSAIDs, i.e., diclofenac (DCF), naproxen (NPX), ibuprofen (IBF) and ketoprofen (KTP), applied at concentrations of 1 and 10 mg/kg soil, on the activity of soil microorganisms during the 90-day experiment. To ascertain this impact, substrate-induced respiration (SIR), soil enzyme activities, i.e., dehydrogenase (DHA), acid and alkaline phosphatases (PHOS-H and PHOS-OH) and urease (URE) as well as changes in the rates of nitrification and ammonification processes were determined. In addition, the number of culturable bacteria and fungi were enumerated. In general, the obtained data showed a significant stimulatory effect of NSAIDs on the microbial activity. Higher concentrations of NSAIDs caused a greater effect, which was observed for SIR, PHOS-H, PHOS-OH, URE, N-NO3- and N-NH4+, even during the whole incubation period. Moreover, the number of heterotrophic bacteria and fungi increased significantly during the experiment, which was probably a consequence of the evolution of specific microorganisms that were capable of degrading NSAIDs and used them as an additional source of carbon and energy. However, an inhibitory effect of NPX, IBF or KTP for SIR, DHA, on both phosphatases and culturable bacteria and fungi was observed at the beginning of the experiment. At lower concentrations of NSAIDs, in turn, the effects were negligible or transient. In conclusion, the application of NSAIDs altered the biochemical and microbial activity of soil what may cause the disturbance in soil functioning. It is reasonable to assume that some components of the NSAID formulations could stimulate soil microorganisms, thus resulting in an increase in biochemical activities of the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Cycoń
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of SilesiaSosnowiec, Poland
| | | | - Bartłomiej Żołnierczyk
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of SilesiaSosnowiec, Poland
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30
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Lonappan L, Brar SK, Das RK, Verma M, Surampalli RY. Diclofenac and its transformation products: Environmental occurrence and toxicity - A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 96:127-138. [PMID: 27649472 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac (DCF) is a prevalent anti-inflammatory drug used throughout the world. Intensive researches carried out in the past few decades have confirmed the global ubiquity of DCF in various environmental compartments. Its frequent occurrence in freshwater environments and its potential toxicity towards several organisms such as fish and mussels makes DCF an emerging environmental contaminant. At typical detected environmental concentrations, the drug does not exhibit toxic effects towards living organisms, albeit chronic exposure may lead to severe effects. For DCF, about 30-70% removal has been obtained through the conventional treatment system in wastewater treatment plant being the major primary sink. Thus, the untreated DCF will pass to surface water. DCF can interact with other inorganic contaminants in the environment particularly in wastewater treatment plant, such as metals, organic contaminants and even with DCF metabolites. This process may lead to the creation of another possible emerging contaminant. In the present context, environmental fate of DCF in different compartments such as soil and water has been addressed with an overview of current treatment methods. In addition, the toxicity concerns regarding DCF in aquatic as well as terrestrial environment along with an introduction to the metabolites of DCF through consumption as well as abiotic degradation routes are also discussed. Further studies are required to better assess the fate and toxicological effects of DCF and its metabolites and must consider the possible interaction of DCF with other contaminants to develop an effective treatment method for DCF and its traces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linson Lonappan
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Satinder Kaur Brar
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Ratul Kumar Das
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Mausam Verma
- CO(2) Solutions Inc., 2300, Rue Jean-Perrin, Québec, Québec, G2C 1T9, Canada
| | - Rao Y Surampalli
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, N104 SEC, PO Box 886105, Lincoln, NE 68588-6105, USA
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31
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Chen G, den Braver MW, van Gestel CAM, van Straalen NM, Roelofs D. Ecotoxicogenomic assessment of diclofenac toxicity in soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 199:253-260. [PMID: 25697405 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac is widely used as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug leaving residues in the environment. To investigate effects on terrestrial ecosystems, we measured dissipation rate in soil and investigated ecotoxicological and transcriptome-wide responses in Folsomia candida. Exposure for 4 weeks to diclofenac reduced both survival and reproduction of F. candida in a dose-dependent manner. At concentrations ≥ 200 mg/kg soil diclofenac remained stable in the soil during a 21-day incubation period. Microarrays examined transcriptional changes at low and high diclofenac exposure concentrations. The results indicated that development and growth were severely hampered and immunity-related genes, mainly directed against bacteria and fungi, were significantly up-regulated. Furthermore, neural metabolic processes were significantly affected only at the high concentration. We conclude that diclofenac is toxic to non-target soil invertebrates, although its mode of action is different from the mammalian toxicity. The genetic markers proposed in this study may be promising early markers for diclofenac ecotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangquan Chen
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Michiel W den Braver
- AIMMS-Division of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nico M van Straalen
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Roelofs
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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32
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Pharmaceuticals in the environment: Biodegradation and effects on natural microbial communities. A review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 106:25-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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33
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Singh KP, Rai P, Singh AK, Verma P, Gupta S. Occurrence of pharmaceuticals in urban wastewater of north Indian cities and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2014; 186:6663-6682. [PMID: 25004851 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-3881-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Six pharmaceuticals of different categories, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen, diclofenac), anti-epileptic (carbamazepine), and anti-microbial (trimethoprim), were investigated in wastewater of the urban areas of Ghaziabad and Lucknow, India. Samples were concentrated by solid phase extraction (SPE) and determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. The SPE-HPLC method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. All the six drugs were detected in wastewater of Ghaziabad, whereas naproxen was not detected in Lucknow wastewater. Results suggest that levels of these detected drugs were relatively higher in Ghaziabad as compared to those in Lucknow, and diclofenac was the most frequently detected drug in both the study areas. Detection of these drugs in wastewater reflects the importance of wastewater inputs as a source of pharmaceuticals. In terms of the regional distribution of compounds in wastewater of two cities, higher spatial variations (coefficient of variation 112.90-459.44%) were found in the Lucknow wastewater due to poor water exchange ability. In contrast, lower spatial variation (162.38-303.77%) was observed in Ghaziabad. Statistical analysis results suggest that both data were highly skewed, and populations in two study areas were significantly different (p < 0.05). A risk assessment based on the calculated risk quotient (RQ) in six different bioassays (bacteria, duckweed, algae, daphnia, rotifers, and fish) showed that the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) posed high (RQ >1) risk to all the test species. The present study would contribute to the formulation of guidelines for regulation of such emerging pharmaceutical contaminants in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunwar P Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110 001, India,
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34
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Czech B, Jośko I, Oleszczuk P. Ecotoxicological evaluation of selected pharmaceuticals to Vibrio fischeri and Daphnia magna before and after photooxidation process. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 104:247-53. [PMID: 24726936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the research was the determination of the toxicity of photocatalytically treated water contaminated by different pharmaceuticals: chloramphenicol (CPL), diclofenac (DCF) or metoprolol (MT). Daphtoxkit F™ with Dapnia magna and Microtox(®) with Vibrio fischeri were used to evaluate the toxicity of the water before and after treatment. D. magna showed higher sensitivity to the presence of pharmaceuticals than V. fischeri. Generally, both tested organisms revealed the greatest sensitivity to the presence of CPL. The application of photocatalytic oxidation has resulted in decreased toxicity. It may confirm the reduction of high toxic parent compounds to less toxic metabolites. The toxicity was reduced in the range from 30% to 100% depending on pharmaceutical tested. The highest reduction of toxicity to V. fischeri and D. magna was observed to MT and CPL respectively. Depending on bioassay the toxicity decrease as follows: CPL>DCF>MT for D. magna and CPL>MT>DCF for V. fischeri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bożena Czech
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Maria Curie-Sklodowska, Pl. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Izabela Jośko
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Maria Curie-Sklodowska, Pl. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Maria Curie-Sklodowska, Pl. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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35
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Badia-Fabregat M, Rosell M, Caminal G, Vicent T, Marco-Urrea E. Use of stable isotope probing to assess the fate of emerging contaminants degraded by white-rot fungus. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 103:336-342. [PMID: 24393565 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The widespread of emerging contaminants in the environment and their potential impact on humans is a matter of concern. White-rot fungi are cosmopolitan organisms able to remove a wide range of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP) through cometabolism (i.e. laccases and peroxidases) or detoxification mechanisms (i.e. cytochrome P450 system). However, the use of PPCP as carbon source for these organisms is largely unexplored. Here, we used carbon stable isotope tracer experiments to assess the fate of anti-inflammatory diclofenac (DCF) and UV filter benzophenone-3 (BP3) during degradation by Trametes versicolor. The comparison between carbon isotopic composition of emitted carbon dioxide from 13C-labelled DCF ([acetophenyl ring-13C6]-DCF) and 13C-BP3 ([phenyl-13C6]-BP3) versus their 12C-homologue compounds showed mineralization of about 45% and 10% of the 13C contained in their respective molecules after 9 days of incubation. The carbon isotopic composition of the bulk biomass and the application of amino acid-stable isotope probing (SIP) allowed distinguishing between incorporation of 13C from BP3 into amino acids, which implies the use of this emerging contaminant as carbon source, and major intracellular accumulation of 13C from DCF without implying the transformation of its labelled phenyl ring into anabolic products. A mass balance of 13C in different compartments over time provided a comprehensive picture of the fate of DCF and BP3 across their different transformation processes. This is the first report assessing biodegradation of PPCP by SIP techniques and the use of emerging contaminants as carbon source for amino acid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Badia-Fabregat
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Rosell
- Grup de Mineralogia Aplicada i Medi Ambient, Departament de Cristal·lografia, Mineralogia i Dipòsits Minerals, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Glòria Caminal
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Vicent
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ernest Marco-Urrea
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Grossberger A, Hadar Y, Borch T, Chefetz B. Biodegradability of pharmaceutical compounds in agricultural soils irrigated with treated wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 185:168-77. [PMID: 24286691 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical compounds (PCs) are introduced into agricultural soils via irrigation with treated wastewater (TWW). Our data show that carbamazepine, lamotrigine, caffeine, metoprolol, sulfamethoxazole and sildenafil are persistent in soils when introduced via TWW. However, other PCs, namely diclofenac, ibuprofen, bezafibrate, gemfibrozil and naproxen were not detected in soils when introduced via TWW. This is likely due to rapid degradation as confirmed in our microcosm studies where they exhibited half-lives (t1/2) between 0.2-9.5 days when soils were spiked at 50 ng/g soil and between 3 and 68 days when soils were spiked at 5000 ng/g soil. The degradation rate and extent of PCs observed in microcosm studies were similar in soils that had been previously irrigated with TWW or fresh water. This suggests that pre-exposure of the soils to PCs via irrigation with TWW does not enhance their biodegradation. This suggests that PCs are probably degraded in soils via co-metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnon Grossberger
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yitzhak Hadar
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Thomas Borch
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences and the Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1170, USA
| | - Benny Chefetz
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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37
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Carter L, Harris E, Williams M, Ryan JJ, Kookana RS, Boxall ABA. Fate and uptake of pharmaceuticals in soil-plant systems. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:816-25. [PMID: 24405013 PMCID: PMC3908740 DOI: 10.1021/jf404282y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals have been detected in the soil environment where there is the potential for uptake into crops. This study explored the fate and uptake of pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, diclofenac, fluoxetine, propranolol, sulfamethazine) and a personal care product (triclosan) in soil-plant systems using radish (Raphanus sativus) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Five of the six chemicals were detected in plant tissue. Carbamazepine was taken up to the greatest extent in both the radish (52 μg/g) and ryegrass (33 μg/g), whereas sulfamethazine uptake was below the limit of quantitation (LOQ) (<0.01 μg/g). In the soil, concentrations of diclofenac and sulfamethazine dropped below the LOQ after 7 days. However, all pharmaceuticals were still detectable in the pore water at the end of the experiment. The results demonstrate the ability of plant species to accumulate pharmaceuticals from soils with uptake apparently specific to both plant species and chemical. Results can be partly explained by the hydrophobicity and extent of ionization of each chemical in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura
J. Carter
- Environment
Department, University of York, Heslington, York, U.K. YO10 5DD
| | | | - Mike Williams
- CSIRO Land and Water,
Waite Campus, Adelaide, South
Australia, Australia 5064
| | - Jim J. Ryan
- EHS Technical
CoE, GlaxoSmithKline, Ware, U.K. SG12 0DP
| | - Rai S. Kookana
- CSIRO Land and Water,
Waite Campus, Adelaide, South
Australia, Australia 5064
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Topp E, Sumarah MW, Sabourin L. The antihistamine diphenhydramine is extremely persistent in agricultural soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 439:136-140. [PMID: 23063919 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The widely used antihistamine diphenhydramine is present in municipal biosolids, and is detected in runoff from agricultural land fertilized with biosolids. In the present study the kinetics and major pathways of diphenhydramine dissipation in a loam, sandy loam, and clay loam soil were determined in laboratory incubations. The time to dissipate 50% (DT(50)) of (14)C-diphenhydramine residues at 30 °C ranged from 88 ± 28 days in the clay loam to 335 ± 145 days in the loam soil. Mineralization of (14)C was insignificant, and diphenhydramine-N-oxide was the only detected extractable transformation product elucidated by radioisotope and HPLC-MS methods. There were no significant effects of municipal biosolids on the kinetics or pathways of removal. Overall, diphenhydramine is quite persistent in soils, and formation of non-extractable soil-bound residues is the major mechanism of diphenhydramine dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Topp
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada N5V 4T3.
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39
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Kunkel U, Radke M. Fate of pharmaceuticals in rivers: Deriving a benchmark dataset at favorable attenuation conditions. WATER RESEARCH 2012; 46:5551-5565. [PMID: 22898670 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical residues are commonly detected organic micropollutants in the aquatic environment. Their actual fate in rivers is still incompletely understood as their elimination is highly substance specific and studies often report contradictory results. To elucidate the ceiling of attenuation rates of pharmaceuticals in rivers we carried out a study at a river with favorable conditions for the elimination of organic micropollutants. Experiments were carried out at a small stream in Germany. Composite samples were taken at both ends of a 12.5 km long river stretch located downstream of a sewage treatment plant and analyzed for 10 pharmaceuticals. Moreover, pore water samples were taken and in situ photolysis experiments at several sites within the river stretch were performed to assess the importance of these individual elimination mechanisms. Pharmaceutical concentration in the surface water at the first sampling site ranged from 3.5 ng L(-1) for propranolol to 1400 ng L(-1) for diclofenac. In comparison to carbamazepine which was used as persistent tracer, all other pharmaceuticals were attenuated along the river stretch. Their elimination was higher in a sunny, dry weather period (period I) compared to a period with elevated discharge after a heavy rainfall (period II). Overall, the measured elimination rates ranged from 25% for sulfamethoxazole (period II) to 70% for propranolol (period I). Photolysis was only a relevant elimination process for diclofenac and potentially also for sotalol; for these compounds phototransformation half-life times of some hours were determined in the unshaded parts of the river. Biotransformation in the sediments was also an important attenuation process since the concentrations of the other pharmaceuticals in the sediments decreased relative to carbamazepine with depth. For the chiral betablocker metoprolol this biotransformation was also confirmed by a decrease in the enantiomer fractionation from 0.49 at site A to 0.43 at site B and to <0.40 in the deeper sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Kunkel
- Department of Hydrology, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Michael Radke
- Department of Hydrology, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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