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Bauer JA, Punshon T, Barr MN, Jackson BP, Weisskopf MG, Bidlack FB, Coker MO, Peacock JL, Karagas MR. Deciduous teeth from the New Hampshire birth cohort study: Early life environmental and dietary predictors of dentin elements. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 256:119170. [PMID: 38768888 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sparse research exists on predictors of element concentrations measured in deciduous teeth. OBJECTIVE To estimate associations between maternal/child characteristics, elements measured in home tap water during pregnancy and element concentrations in the dentin of shed deciduous teeth. METHODS Our analysis included 152 pregnant person-infant dyads followed from the second trimester through the end of the first postnatal year from the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study. During pregnancy and early infancy, we collected dietary and sociodemographic information via surveys, measured elements in home tap water, and later collected naturally exfoliated teeth from child participants. We measured longitudinal deposition of elements in dentin using LA-ICP-MS. Multivariable linear mixed models were used to estimate associations between predictors and dentin element concentrations. RESULTS We measured 12 elements in dentin including those previously reported (Ba, Mn, Pb, Sr, Zn) and less frequently reported (Al, As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Li, and W). A doubling of Pb or Sr concentrations in water was associated with higher dentin Pb or Sr respectively in prenatally formed [9% (95%CI: 3%, 15%); 3% (1%, 6%)] and postnatally formed [10% (2%, 19%); 6% (2%, 10%)] dentin. Formula feeding from birth to 6 weeks or 6 weeks to 4 months was associated with higher element concentrations in postnatal dentin within the given time period as compared to exclusive human milk feeding: Sr: 6 weeks: 61% (36%, 90%) and 4 months: 85% (54%, 121%); Ba: 6 weeks: 35% (3.3%, 77%) and 4 months: 42% (10%, 83%); and Li: 6 weeks: 61% (33%, 95%) and 4 months: 58% (31%, 90%). SIGNIFICANCE These findings offer insights into predictors of dentin elements and potential confounders in exposure-health outcome relationships during critical developmental periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Bauer
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Tracy Punshon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Matthew N Barr
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Brian P Jackson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Marc G Weisskopf
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Modupe O Coker
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA; Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Janet L Peacock
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
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Rojas-Torres J, Quijón MEG, Henríquez-Vidal A, Devia-Rubio L, Martínez-Duran L. Permanent and decidua dentition as chronological biomarkers of heavy metal contamination: A review of the forensic literature. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 84:127435. [PMID: 38547726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Contamination with heavy metals (HM) has great environmental consequences in the environment due to lack of biodegradation, in addition, accumulation in living beings causes defects in tissues and organs, deteriorating their function and inducing a wide spectrum of diseases. Human biomonitoring consists of the periodic measurement of a certain chemical substance or metabolite in a particular population, using matrices that can be acute or chronic. Teeth are chronic matrices that have great characteristics of resistance and chronological storage of information. This review aims to identify the mechanisms, spatial location, and affinity of HM within teeth, along with understanding its applicability as a chronological record matrix in the face of HM contamination. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic search review was performed using the PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus metasearch engines, and the terms "teeth" OR "dental" OR "tooth" AND "heavy metals" were intersected. Complete articles are included in Spanish, English and Portuguese without time restrictions, involving studies in humans or in vitro; Letters to the editor, editorials and those that did not refer to information on the incorporation and relationship of HM with the teeth were excluded. RESULTS 837 published articles were detected, 91 were adjusted to the search objective, and 6 were manually included. Teeth are structures with a great capacity for information retention in the face of HM contamination due to low physiological turnover and their long processes of marked formations by developmental biorhythm milestones such as the neonatal line (temporal reference indicator). The contamination mechanisms inside the tooth are linked to the affinity of hydroxyapatite for HM; this incorporation can be in the soft matrix during the apposition phase or as part of the chemical exchanges between hydroxyapatite and the elements of the environment. CONCLUSION The teeth present unique characteristics of great resistance and affinity for HM, as well as a chronological biomarker for human biomonitoring, so they can be used as means of expertise or evidence to confirm or rule out a fact of environmental characteristics in the legal field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rojas-Torres
- Forensic Dentistry Lab, Centro de Investigación en Odontología Legal y Forense -CIO-, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias mención Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile.
| | - María Eugenia González Quijón
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de La Frontera, Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4780000, Chile; Center of Waste Management and Bioenergy-BIOREN, University of La Frontera, Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Andrés Henríquez-Vidal
- Forensic Dentistry Lab, Centro de Investigación en Odontología Legal y Forense -CIO-, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Leslie Devia-Rubio
- Forensic Dentistry Lab, Centro de Investigación en Odontología Legal y Forense -CIO-, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Luis Martínez-Duran
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias mención Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; Laboratorio de Farmacología Molecular y Química medicinal, departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; Receptomics and Brain Disorders Lab, Department of Human Physiology, Sport and Exercise, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Edificio Lopez-Penalver, Jimenez Fraud 10, Málaga 29071, Spain
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Farmer JG, Specht A, Punshon T, Jackson BP, Bidlack FB, Bakalar CA, Mukherjee R, Davis M, Steadman DW, Weisskopf MG. Lead exposure across the life course and age at death. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:171975. [PMID: 38547974 PMCID: PMC11069331 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead (Pb) exposure has been associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, even at low levels. Little is known about how the timing of Pb exposure throughout life may influence these relationships. Quantifying the amount of Pb present in various tissues of the body provides measurements of exposure from different periods of life. These include bone, tooth enamel, which is the hard outer layer of the crown, and tooth cementum, which is the calcified connective tissue covering the tooth root. The purpose of the study was to examine Pb exposure at multiple periods throughout life, including childhood (enamel), adulthood (cementum), and later life (bone), and to estimate their associations with age at death. METHODS 208 skeleton donors (born 1910-1960) from an ongoing case-control study were included in this study. Pb was measured in tibia (shin), bone using X-Ray Florescence and in teeth using Laser-Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy. After excluding unusually high measurements (>2sd), this resulted in a final sample of 111 with all exposure measures. Correlations across measures were determined using partial Spearman correlations. Associations between Pb exposure and age at death were estimated using Multivariable Linear Regression. RESULTS Pb measures across exposure periods were all significantly correlated, with the highest correlation between cementum and tibia measures (r = 0.61). Donors were largely female (63.0 %), White (97.3 %), and attended some college (49.5 %). Single exposure models found that higher tooth cementum Pb (-1.27; 95 % CI: -2.48, -0.06) and tibia bone Pb (-0.91; 95 % CI: -1.67, -0.15) were significantly associated with an earlier age at death. When considered simultaneously, only cementum Pb remained significant (-1.51; 95 % CI: -2.92, -0.11). Secondary analyses suggest that the outer cementum Pb may be especially associated with an earlier age at death. CONCLUSION Results suggest that higher Pb exposure is associated with an earlier age at death, with adulthood as the life period of most relevance. Additional studies using Pb exposure measures from different life stages should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin G Farmer
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Aaron Specht
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, 550 W Stadium Ave, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Tracy Punshon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Brian P Jackson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | | | - Charlotte A Bakalar
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rajarshi Mukherjee
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mary Davis
- Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1621 Cumberland Avenue, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Dawnie W Steadman
- Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1621 Cumberland Avenue, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Marc G Weisskopf
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, United States
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Punshon T, Bauer JA, Karagas MR, Coker MO, Weisskopf MG, Mangano JJ, Bidlack FB, Barr MN, Jackson BP. Quantified retrospective biomonitoring of fetal and infant elemental exposure using LA-ICP-MS analysis of deciduous dentin in three contrasting human cohorts. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41370-024-00652-3. [PMID: 38347123 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00652-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spatial elemental analysis of deciduous tooth dentin combined with odontochronological estimates can provide an early life (in utero to ~2 years of age) history of inorganic element exposure and status. OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the importance of data normalization to a certified reference material to enable between-study comparisons, using populations with assumed contrasting elemental exposures. METHODS We used laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) of dentin to derive a history of elemental composition from three distinct cohort studies: a present day rural cohort, (the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (NHBCS; N = 154)), an historical cohort from an urban area (1958-1970), (the St. Louis Baby Tooth Study (SLBT; N = 78)), and a present-day Nigerian cohort established to study maternal HIV transmission (Dental caries and its association with Oral Microbiomes and HIV in young children-Nigeria (DOMHaIN; N = 31)). RESULTS We report Li, Al, Mn, Cu, Zn, Sr, Ba and Pb concentrations (µg/g) and qualitatively examine As, Cd and Hg across all three cohorts. Rates of detection were highest, both overall and for each cohort individually, for Zn, Sr, Ba and Li. Zinc was detected in 100% of samples and was stably present in teeth at a concentration range of 64 - 86 µg/g. Mercury, As and Cd detection rates were the lowest, and had high variability within individual ablated spots. We found the highest concentrations of Pb in the pre- and postnatal dentin of the SLBT cohort, consistent with the prevalent use of Pb as an additive to gasoline prior to 1975. The characteristic decline in Mn after the second trimester was observed in all cohorts. IMPACT Spatially resolved elemental analysis of deciduous teeth combined with methods for estimating crown formation times can be used to reconstruct an early-life history of elemental exposure inaccessible via other biomarkers. Quantification of data into absolute values using an external standard reference material has not been conducted since 2012, preventing comparison between studies, a common and highly informative component of epidemiology. We demonstrate, with three contrasting populations, that absolute quantification produces data with the lowest variability, compares well with available data and recommends that future tooth biomarker studies report data in this way.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Punshon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
| | - Julia A Bauer
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Modupe O Coker
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers University, 110 Bergen Street, Room C-845, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Marc G Weisskopf
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 021156, USA
| | | | | | - Matthew N Barr
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Brian P Jackson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
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Schildroth S, Bauer JA, Friedman A, Austin C, Coull BA, Placidi D, White RF, Smith D, Wright RO, Lucchini RG, Arora M, Horton M, Claus Henn B. Early life manganese exposure and reported attention-related behaviors in Italian adolescents. Environ Epidemiol 2023; 7:e274. [PMID: 38912396 PMCID: PMC11189689 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient and neurotoxicant, and the neurodevelopmental effects of Mn may depend on exposure timing. Less research has quantitatively compared the impact of Mn exposure on neurodevelopment across exposure periods. Methods We used data from 125 Italian adolescents (10-14 years) from the Public Health Impact of Metals Exposure Study to estimate prospective associations of Mn in three early life exposure periods with adolescent attention-related behaviors. Mn was quantified in deciduous teeth using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry to represent prenatal (2nd trimester-birth), postnatal (birth ~1.5 years), and childhood (~1.5-6 years) exposure. Attention-related behavior was evaluated using the Conners Behavior Rating Scales in adolescence. We used multivariable linear regression models to quantify associations between Mn in each exposure period, and multiple informant models to compare associations across exposure periods. Results Median tooth Mn levels (normalized to calcium) were 0.4 area under the curve (AUC) 55Mn:43Ca × 104, 0.1 AUC 55Mn:43Ca × 104, and 0.0006 55Mn:43Ca for the prenatal, postnatal, and childhood periods. A doubling in prenatal tooth Mn levels was associated with 5.3% (95% confidence intervals [CI] = -10.3%, 0.0%) lower (i.e., better) teacher-reported inattention scores, whereas a doubling in postnatal tooth Mn levels was associated with 4.5% (95% CI = -9.3%, 0.6%) and 4.6% (95% CI = -9.5%, 0.6%) lower parent-reported inattention and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder index scores, respectively. Childhood Mn was not beneficially associated with reported attention-related behaviors. Conclusion Protective associations in the prenatal and postnatal periods suggest Mn is beneficial for attention-related behavior, but not in the childhood period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Schildroth
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julia Anglen Bauer
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Alexa Friedman
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Brent A. Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta F. White
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donald Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California
| | - Robert O. Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Roberto G. Lucchini
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Megan Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Friedman A, Schildroth S, Bauer JA, Coull BA, Smith DR, Placidi D, Cagna G, Krengel MH, Tripodis Y, White RF, Lucchini RG, Wright RO, Horton M, Austin C, Arora M, Claus Henn B. Early-life manganese exposure during multiple developmental periods and adolescent verbal learning and memory. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2023; 100:107307. [PMID: 37832858 PMCID: PMC10834060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2023.107307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manganese (Mn) is both an essential and toxic metal, and associations with neurodevelopment depend on exposure timing. Prospective data examining early life Mn with adolescent cognition are sparse. METHODS We enrolled 140 Italian adolescents (10-14 years old) from the Public Health Impact of Metals Exposure study. Mn in deciduous teeth was measured using laser ablation-mass spectrometry to represent prenatal, postnatal and early childhood exposure. The California Verbal Learning Test for Children (CVLT-C) was administered to assess adolescent verbal learning and memory. Multivariable regression models estimated changes in CVLT-C scores and the odds of making an error per doubling in dentine Mn in each exposure period. Multiple informant models tested for differences in associations across exposure periods. RESULTS A doubling in prenatal dentine Mn levels was associated with lower odds of making an intrusion error (OR = 0.23 [95% CI: 0.09, 0.61]). This beneficial association was not observed in other exposure periods. A doubling in childhood Mn was beneficially associated with short delay free recall: (ß = 0.47 [95% CI: -0.02, 0.97]), which was stronger in males (ß = 0.94 [95% CI: 0.05, 1.82]). Associations were null in the postnatal period. CONCLUSION Exposure timing is critical for understanding Mn-associated changes in cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Friedman
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA.
| | - Samantha Schildroth
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Julia A Bauer
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Darmouth, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Donald R Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Cagna
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maxine H Krengel
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Yorghos Tripodis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Roberta F White
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Roberto G Lucchini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, USA
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Megan Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA
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Lane JM, Liu SH, Pantic I, Martinez-Medina S, Téllez-Rojo MM, Amarasiriwardena C, Wright RO. Sex-specific association between prenatal manganese exposure and working memory in school-aged children in Mexico city: An exploratory multi-media approach. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 333:121965. [PMID: 37286025 PMCID: PMC10527609 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It remains unclear whether manganese (Mn) exposure affects working memory (WM) in a sexually dimorphic manner. Further, no gold standard media exists to measure Mn, suggesting a combined blood and urinary Mn index may better capture the totality of exposure. We investigated the modification effect of child sex on the influence of prenatal Mn exposure on WM in school-age children, exploring two methodological frameworks to integrate exposure estimates across multiple exposure biomarkers. Leveraging the PROGRESS birth cohort in Mexico City, children (N = 559) ages 6-8 completed the between errors and strategy measures of the CANTAB Spatial Working Memory (SWM) task. Mn levels were assayed in blood and urine of mothers during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters and in umbilical cord blood from mothers and children at delivery. Weighted quantile sum regression estimated the association of a multi-media biomarker (MMB) mixture with SWM. We applied a confirmatory factor analysis to similarly quantify a latent blood Mn burden index. We then used an adjusted linear regression to estimate the Mn burden index with SWM measures. Interaction terms were used to estimate the modification effect by child sex for all models. Results showed that the between-errors-specific MMB mixture (i.e., this model demonstrates the impact of the MMB mixture on the between-error scores.) was associated (β = 6.50, 95% CI: 0.91, 12.08) with fewer between errors for boys and more between errors for girls. The strategy-specific MMB mixture (i.e., this model demonstrates the impact of the MMB mixture on the strategy scores) was associated (β = -1.36, 95% CI: 2.55, - 0.18) with less efficient strategy performance for boys and more efficient strategy performance for girls. A higher Mn burden index was associated (β = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.00, 1.72) with more between errors in the overall sample. The vulnerability to prenatal Mn biomarkers on SWM differs in the directionality by child sex. An MMB mixture and composite index of body burden are stronger predictors than a single biomarker for Mn exposure on WM performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamil M Lane
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Shelley H Liu
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ivan Pantic
- Division of Community Interventions Research, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Martinez-Medina
- Division of Community Interventions Research, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha M Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Chitra Amarasiriwardena
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Saghiri MA, Vakhnovetsky J, Samadi E, Napoli S, Samadi F, Conte M, Morgano SM. Effects of Diabetes on Elemental Levels and Nanostructure of Root Canal Dentin. J Endod 2023; 49:1169-1175. [PMID: 37429496 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study evaluated the effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the nanostructure of root canal dentin using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). METHODS Twenty extracted human premolars from diabetic and nondiabetic patients (n = 10 in each group) were decoronated and sectioned horizontally into 40 2-mm-thick dentin discs, with each disc designated for a specific test. ICP-MS was used to determine the different elemental levels of copper, lithium, zinc, selenium, strontium, manganese, and magnesium in diabetic and nondiabetic specimens. HRTEM was used to analyze the shape and quantity of the apatite crystals in diabetic and nondiabetic dentin at the nanostructural level. Statistical analysis was performed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Student t test (P < .05). RESULTS ICP-MS revealed significant differences in trace element concentrations between the diabetic and nondiabetic specimens (P < .05), with lower levels of magnesium, zinc, strontium, lithium, manganese, and selenium (P < .05), and higher levels of copper in diabetic specimens (P < .05). HRTEM revealed that diabetic dentin exhibited a less compact structure with smaller crystallites and significantly more crystals in the 2500 nm2 area (P < .05). CONCLUSION Diabetic dentin exhibited smaller crystallites and altered elemental levels more than nondiabetic dentin, which could explain the higher root canal treatment failure rate in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Saghiri
- Biomaterial and Prosthodontics Laboratory, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey; Department of Endodontics, University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California.
| | - Julia Vakhnovetsky
- Sector of Innovation in Dentistry, Dr. Hajar Afsar Lajevardi Research Cluster (DHAL), Hackensack, New Jersey; Biomaterial and Prosthodontics Laboratory, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey; University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Elham Samadi
- Sector of Innovation in Dentistry, Dr. Hajar Afsar Lajevardi Research Cluster (DHAL), Hackensack, New Jersey; Biomaterial and Prosthodontics Laboratory, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Salvatore Napoli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Fatereh Samadi
- Sector of Innovation in Dentistry, Dr. Hajar Afsar Lajevardi Research Cluster (DHAL), Hackensack, New Jersey; Biomaterial and Prosthodontics Laboratory, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Michael Conte
- Office of Clinical Affairs, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Steven M Morgano
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey
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9
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Rechtman E, Navarro E, de Water E, Tang CY, Curtin P, Papazaharias DM, Ambrosi C, Mascaro L, Cagna G, Gasparotti R, Invernizzi A, Reichenberg A, Austin C, Arora M, Smith DR, Lucchini RG, Wright RO, Placidi D, Horton MK. Early-Life Critical Windows of Susceptibility to Manganese Exposure and Sex-Specific Changes in Brain Connectivity in Late Adolescence. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 3:460-469. [PMID: 37519473 PMCID: PMC10382697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early-life environmental exposures during critical windows (CWs) of development can impact life course health. Exposure to neuroactive metals such as manganese (Mn) during prenatal and early postnatal CWs may disrupt typical brain development, leading to persistent behavioral changes. Males and females may be differentially vulnerable to Mn, presenting distinctive CWs to Mn exposure. Methods We used magnetic resonance imaging to investigate sex-specific associations between early-life Mn uptake and intrinsic functional connectivity in adolescence. A total of 71 participants (15-23 years old; 53% female) from the Public Health Impact of Manganese Exposure study completed a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. We estimated dentine Mn concentrations at prenatal, postnatal, and early childhood periods using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. We performed seed-based correlation analyses to investigate the moderating effect of sex on the associations between Mn and intrinsic functional connectivity adjusting for age and socioeconomic status. Results We identified significant sex-specific associations between dentine Mn at all time points and intrinsic functional connectivity in brain regions involved in cognitive and motor function: 1) prenatal: dorsal striatum, occipital/frontal lobes, and middle frontal gyrus; 2) postnatal: right putamen and cerebellum; and 3) early childhood: putamen and occipital, frontal, and temporal lobes. Network associations differed depending on exposure timing, suggesting that different brain networks may present distinctive CWs to Mn. Conclusions These findings suggest that the developing brain is vulnerable to Mn exposure, with effects lasting through late adolescence, and that females and males are not equally vulnerable to these effects. Future studies should investigate cognitive and motor outcomes related to these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elza Rechtman
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Esmeralda Navarro
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Erik de Water
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Cheuk Y. Tang
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular, and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Paul Curtin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Demetrios M. Papazaharias
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Claudia Ambrosi
- ASST Spedali Civili Hospital, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Lorella Mascaro
- ASST Spedali Civili Hospital, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Cagna
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Gasparotti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Azzurra Invernizzi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Abraham Reichenberg
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Donald R. Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California
| | - Roberto G. Lucchini
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Robert O. Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Megan K. Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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10
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Westerhausen MT, Bernard M, Choi G, Jeffries-Stokes C, Chandrajith R, Banati R, Bishop DP. Preparation of matrix-matched standards for the analysis of teeth via laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:797-806. [PMID: 36722471 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay02015g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mineralised tissue such as teeth can serve as a retrospective, chronological bioindicator of past exposure to toxic metals. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) can be used to determine the presence and spatial distribution of toxic metals in teeth, giving a record of when an exposure occurred. Concentrations of these metals are often determined by a one-point calibration against NIST glass using an equation that requires an internal standard factor that accounts for differences in ablation behaviour between the glass and the tooth. However, an ideal external calibration would contain multiple matrix-matched standards to obtain a calibration curve. Here, we investigated optimal procedures for preparing synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) doped with elements of interest as a calibration material. The materials were examined for homogeneity of metal incorporation, matrix-matched ablation characteristics, linearity, and limits of detection. A homogenised and pelleted HA was the most suitable material, providing improved ablation characteristics over previous HA materials and NIST glass for the analysis of teeth. An ablation yield of 1.1 showed its suitability to analyse teeth, the metals were homogeneously incorporated, and it produced excellent linearity with limits of detection ranging from 0.1-2 μg kg-1 for magnesium, aluminium, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, barium and lead. A juvenile incisor from a remote indigenous community in Australia and an adult molar from Sri Lanka were assessed for toxic metal exposure. The molar showed evidence of exposure to cadmium and lead. The synthetic HA material was straightforward to prepare, and will improve confidence in the analysis of teeth and other biomineralised material when assessing toxic metal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika T Westerhausen
- Hyphenated Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (HyMaS), School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P. O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Martin Bernard
- Hyphenated Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (HyMaS), School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P. O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Gina Choi
- Hyphenated Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (HyMaS), School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P. O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | | | - Rohana Chandrajith
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Richard Banati
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Rd, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, 94 Mallett St, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - David P Bishop
- Hyphenated Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (HyMaS), School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P. O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
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11
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Pan H, Feng L, Lu Y, Han Y, Xiong J, Li H. Calibration strategies for laser ablation ICP-MS in biological studies: A review. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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12
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Shilnikova N, Karyakina N, Farhat N, Ramoju S, Cline B, Momoli F, Mattison D, Jensen N, Terrell R, Krewski D. Biomarkers of environmental manganese exposure. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 52:325-343. [PMID: 35894753 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2095979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a critical review on biomarkers of environmental manganese (Mn) exposure to answer the following questions: 1) are there reliable biomarkers of internal Mn exposure (Mn in biological matrices) associated with external metrics of Mn exposure (Mn in environmental media)? and 2) are there accurate reference values (RVs) for Mn in biological matrices? Three bibliographic databases were searched for relevant references and identified references were screened by two independent reviewers. Of the 6342 unique references identified, 86 articles were retained for data abstraction. Our analysis of currently available evidence suggests that Mn levels in blood and urine are not useful biomarkers of Mn exposure in non-occupational settings. The strength of the association between Mn in environmental media and saliva was variable. Findings regarding the utility of hair Mn as a biomarker of environmental Mn exposure are inconsistent. Measurements of Mn in teeth are technically challenging and findings on Mn in tooth components are scarce. In non-occupationally exposed individuals, bone Mn measurements using in vivo neutron activation analysis (IVNAA) are associated with large uncertainties. Findings suggest that Mn in nails may reflect Mn in environmental media and discriminate between groups of individuals exposed to different environmental Mn levels, although more research is needed. Currently, there is no strong evidence for any biological matrix as a valid biomarker of Mn exposure in non-occupational settings. Because of methodological limitations in studies aimed at derivation of RVs for Mn in biological materials, accurate RVs are scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Shilnikova
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada.,McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Nataliya Karyakina
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada.,McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Nawal Farhat
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada.,McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | | | - Franco Momoli
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Donald Mattison
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Natalie Jensen
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Rowan Terrell
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Daniel Krewski
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada.,McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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13
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Friedman A, Bauer JA, Austin C, Downs TJ, Tripodis Y, Heiger-Bernays W, White RF, Arora M, Claus Henn B. Multiple metals in children's deciduous teeth: results from a community-initiated pilot study. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2022; 32:408-417. [PMID: 34750512 PMCID: PMC9079191 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-021-00400-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characterizing retrospective exposure to toxicants during multiple early-life developmental periods is challenging, yet critical for understanding developmental effects. OBJECTIVE To characterize early-life metal exposure using deciduous teeth in a community concerned about past exposures. METHODS Naturally shed teeth were collected from 30 children ages 5-13 years who resided in Holliston, Massachusetts since conception. We estimated weekly prenatal and postnatal (up to 1 year of age) exposure to 12 metals by measuring dentine concentrations using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Multivariable linear mixed models were used to explore sociodemographic, dietary, and behavioral correlates of dentine metal concentrations. RESULTS Temporal trends in dentine levels differed by metal. Source of milk during the first year of life was associated with dentine barium (Ba) levels, where being fed predominantly breastmilk was associated with 39% (95% CI: -57%, -13%) lower dentine Ba compared to predominantly formula use. Females had higher prenatal and postnatal dentine Mn and Pb, compared to males (e.g., % difference, postnatal Mn: 122% (17%, 321%); postnatal Pb: 60% (95% CI: -8%, 178%)). SIGNIFICANCE Deciduous teeth provide retrospective information on dose and timing of early-life metals exposure at high resolution. We demonstrate their utility in a community-based study with known past contamination of drinking water. IMPACT STATEMENT We conducted a community-initiated pilot study in a community concerned with historical exposure to multiple metals. Using deciduous teeth, a novel noninvasive biomarker, we characterized early-life exposure to 12 metals in approximately weekly increments during sensitive developmental periods, thus demonstrating the utility of this biomarker in communities concerned with past exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Friedman
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Julia Anglen Bauer
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy J Downs
- Department of International Development, Community, and Environment, Clark University, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Yorghos Tripodis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wendy Heiger-Bernays
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roberta F White
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Bauer JA, White RF, Coull BA, Austin C, Oppini M, Zoni S, Fedrighi C, Cagna G, Placidi D, Guazzetti S, Yang Q, Bellinger DC, Webster TF, Wright RO, Smith D, Horton M, Lucchini RG, Arora M, Claus Henn B. Critical windows of susceptibility in the association between manganese and neurocognition in Italian adolescents living near ferro-manganese industry. Neurotoxicology 2021; 87:51-61. [PMID: 34478771 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Understanding the neurodevelopmental effects of manganese (Mn) is complicated due to its essentiality for growth and development. While evidence exists for the harmful effects of excess Mn, pediatric epidemiologic studies have observed inconsistent associations between Mn and child cognition. OBJECTIVE We sought to estimate prospective associations between Mn measured in three different early-life time windows with adolescent cognition using deciduous teeth biomarkers. METHODS Deciduous teeth were collected from 195 participants (ages 10-14 years) of the Public Health Impact of Manganese Exposure (PHIME) study in Brescia, Italy. Measurements of tooth Mn represented prenatal (∼14 weeks gestation - birth), early postnatal (birth - 1.5 years) and childhood (∼1.5 - 6 years) time windows. Neuropsychologists administered the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 3rd edition (WISC-III), to obtain composite IQ and subtest scores. Associations between tooth Mn at each time window and adolescent WISC-III scores were estimated using multivariable linear regression. We tested differences in associations between Mn and outcomes across time windows using multiple informant models. Sex-specific associations were explored in stratified models. RESULTS Adjusted associations between tooth Mn and composite IQ scores were positive in the prenatal period and negative in the childhood period. Associations were strongest for subtest scores that reflect working memory, problem solving, visuospatial ability and attention: prenatal Mn was positively associated with Digits backward [SD change in score per interquartile range increase in Mn: β = 0.20 (95 % CI: 0.02, 0.38)] and Block design [β = 0.21 (0.01, 0.41)] and early postnatal Mn was positively associated with Digits forward [β = 0.24 (0.09, 0.40)], while childhood Mn was negatively associated with Coding [β = -0.14 (-0.28, -0.001)]. Sex-stratified analyses suggested different Mn-cognition associations for boys and girls and was also dependent on the time window of exposure. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that exposure timing is critical when evaluating Mn associations between Mn and cognition. Higher prenatal Mn was beneficial for adolescent cognition; however, these beneficial associations shifted towards harmful effects in later time windows. Cognitive domains most sensitive to Mn across time windows included visuospatial ability, working memory, attention and problem-solving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Anglen Bauer
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Roberta F White
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manuela Oppini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Zoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Fedrighi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Cagna
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David C Bellinger
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas F Webster
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donald Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Megan Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roberto G Lucchini
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy; School of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Lum JTS, Chan YN, Leung KSY. Current applications and future perspectives on elemental analysis of non-invasive samples for human biomonitoring. Talanta 2021; 234:122683. [PMID: 34364482 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Humans are continuously exposed to numerous environmental pollutants including potentially toxic elements. Essential elements play an important role in human health. Abnormal elemental levels in the body, in different forms that existed, have been reported to be correlated with different diseases and environmental exposure. Blood is the conventional biological sample used in human biomonitoring. However, blood samples can only reflect short-term exposure and require invasive sampling, which poses infection risk to individuals. In recent years, the number of research evaluating the effectiveness of non-invasive samples (hair, nails, urine, meconium, breast milk, placenta, cord blood, saliva and teeth) for human biomonitoring is increasing. These samples can be collected easily and provide extra information in addition to blood analysis. Yet, the correlation between the elemental concentration in non-invasive samples and in blood is not well established, which hinders the application of those samples in routine human biomonitoring. This review aims at providing a fundamental overview of analytical methods of non-invasive samples in human biomonitoring. The content covers the sample collection and pretreatment, sample preparation and instrumental analysis. The technical discussions are separated into solution analysis and solid analysis. In the last section, the authors highlight some of the perspectives on the future of elemental analysis in human biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Tsz-Shan Lum
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Yun-Nam Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Kelvin Sze-Yin Leung
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen Virtual University Park, Shenzhen, China.
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16
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Olszewska A, Hanć A. The potential of trace elements mapping in child's natal tooth by laser ablation-ICPMS method. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2021; 19:379-388. [PMID: 34150242 PMCID: PMC8172758 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-021-00611-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tooth enamel might provide past chronological metabolic, nutritional status and trace metal exposure during development. Thus, the trace elements distribution embedded in tooth tissues represents an archive of the environmental conditions. The choice of biomarker is estimated as critical to the measurement of metal exposure. Natal teeth are defined as teeth being present at birth. METHODS LA-ICP-MS provides a quantitative assessment of spatial distribution of trace elements in a natal tooth. The objective of the current study was to compare concentrations of building and other elements in a rare but reliable and valid biomarker - natal tooth. RESULTS It have been reported presence of potentially toxic elements: Pb, Cu, Mn, Cd, Ni distributed in prenatally and perinatally formed enamel and dentine. CONCLUSIONS Analyses of deciduous enamel can provide answers into individuals' earliest development, including critical pre- and perinatal period. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40201-021-00611-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Olszewska
- Department of Facial Malformation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anetta Hanć
- Department of Trace Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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17
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Frye RE, Cakir J, Rose S, Palmer RF, Austin C, Curtin P, Arora M. Mitochondria May Mediate Prenatal Environmental Influences in Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Pers Med 2021; 11:218. [PMID: 33803789 PMCID: PMC8003154 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11030218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose that the mitochondrion, an essential cellular organelle, mediates the long-term prenatal environmental effects of disease in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Many prenatal environmental factors which increase the risk of developing ASD influence mitochondria physiology, including toxicant exposures, immune activation, and nutritional factors. Unique types of mitochondrial dysfunction have been associated with ASD and recent studies have linked prenatal environmental exposures to long-term changes in mitochondrial physiology in children with ASD. A better understanding of the role of the mitochondria in the etiology of ASD can lead to targeted therapeutics and strategies to potentially prevent the development of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E. Frye
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA
| | - Janet Cakir
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Shannon Rose
- Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA;
| | - Raymond F. Palmer
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (C.A.); (P.C.); (M.A.)
| | - Paul Curtin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (C.A.); (P.C.); (M.A.)
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (C.A.); (P.C.); (M.A.)
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18
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Smith TM, Cook L, Dirks W, Green DR, Austin C. Teeth reveal juvenile diet, health and neurotoxicant exposure retrospectively: What biological rhythms and chemical records tell us. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2000298. [PMID: 33721363 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Integrated developmental and elemental information in teeth provide a unique framework for documenting breastfeeding histories, physiological disruptions, and neurotoxicant exposure in humans and our primate relatives, including ancient hominins. Here we detail our method for detecting the consumption of mothers' milk and exploring health history through the use of laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) mapping of sectioned nonhuman primate teeth. Calcium-normalized barium and lead concentrations in tooth enamel and dentine may reflect milk and formula consumption with minimal modification during subsequent tooth mineralization, particularly in dentine. However, skeletal resorption during severe illness, and bioavailable metals in nonmilk foods, can complicate interpretations of nursing behavior. We show that explorations of the patterning of multiple elements may aid in the distinction of these important etiologies. Targeted studies of skeletal chemistry, gastrointestinal maturation, and the dietary bioavailability of metals are needed to optimize these unique records of human health and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya M Smith
- Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia.,Griffith Centre for Social and Cultural Research, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Luisa Cook
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wendy Dirks
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, Durham, UK
| | - Daniel R Green
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Liu W, Xin Y, Li Q, Shang Y, Ping Z, Min J, Cahill CM, Rogers JT, Wang F. Biomarkers of environmental manganese exposure and associations with childhood neurodevelopment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Health 2020; 19:104. [PMID: 33008482 PMCID: PMC7531154 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00659-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although prior studies showed a correlation between environmental manganese (Mn) exposure and neurodevelopmental disorders in children, the results have been inconclusive. There has yet been no consistent biomarker of environmental Mn exposure. Here, we summarized studies that investigated associations between manganese in biomarkers and childhood neurodevelopment and suggest a reliable biomarker. METHODS We searched PubMed and Web of Science for potentially relevant articles published until December 31th 2019 in English. We also conducted a meta-analysis to quantify the effects of manganese exposure on Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and the correlations of manganese in different indicators. RESULTS Of 1754 citations identified, 55 studies with 13,388 subjects were included. Evidence from cohort studies found that higher manganese exposure had a negative effect on neurodevelopment, mostly influencing cognitive and motor skills in children under 6 years of age, as indicated by various metrics. Results from cross-sectional studies revealed that elevated Mn in hair (H-Mn) and drinking water (W-Mn), but not blood (B-Mn) or teeth (T-Mn), were associated with poorer cognitive and behavioral performance in children aged 6-18 years old. Of these cross-sectional studies, most papers reported that the mean of H-Mn was more than 0.55 μg/g. The meta-analysis concerning H-Mn suggested that a 10-fold increase in hair manganese was associated with a decrease of 2.51 points (95% confidence interval (CI), - 4.58, - 0.45) in Full Scale IQ, while the meta-analysis of B-Mn and W-Mn generated no such significant effects. The pooled correlation analysis revealed that H-Mn showed a more consistent correlation with W-Mn than B-Mn. Results regarding sex differences of manganese associations were inconsistent, although the preliminary meta-analysis found that higher W-Mn was associated with better Performance IQ only in boys, at a relatively low water manganese concentrations (most below 50 μg/L). CONCLUSIONS Higher manganese exposure is adversely associated with childhood neurodevelopment. Hair is the most reliable indicator of manganese exposure for children at 6-18 years of age. Analysis of the publications demonstrated sex differences in neurodevelopment upon manganese exposure, although a clear pattern has not yet been elucidated for this facet of our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Precision Nutrition Innovation Center, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongjuan Xin
- Department of Nutrition, Precision Nutrition Innovation Center, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qianwen Li
- Department of Nutrition, Precision Nutrition Innovation Center, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanna Shang
- Department of Nutrition, Precision Nutrition Innovation Center, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiguang Ping
- Department of Nutrition, Precision Nutrition Innovation Center, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junxia Min
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Catherine M. Cahill
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry-Neuroscience, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA USA
| | - Jack T. Rogers
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry-Neuroscience, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA USA
| | - Fudi Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Precision Nutrition Innovation Center, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Frye RE, Cakir J, Rose S, Delhey L, Bennuri SC, Tippett M, Palmer RF, Austin C, Curtin P, Arora M. Early life metal exposure dysregulates cellular bioenergetics in children with regressive autism spectrum disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:223. [PMID: 32636364 PMCID: PMC7341836 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00905-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental regression (NDR) is a subtype of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that manifests as loss of previously acquired developmental milestones. Early life dysregulation of nutritional metals and/or exposure to toxic metals have been associated with ASD, but the underlying biological mechanisms by which metals influence neurodevelopment remain unclear. We hypothesize that metals influences neurodevelopment through dysregulation of bioenergetics. Prenatal and early postnatal metal exposures were measured using validated tooth-matrix biomarkers in 27 ASD cases (13 with NDR) and 7 typically-developing (TD) controls. Mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using the Seahorse XF96. Children with ASD demonstrated lower prenatal and postnatal Copper (Cu) and prenatal Nickel concentrations and Copper-to-Zinc (Cu/Zn) ratio as compared with TD children. Children with ASD and NDR showed greater metal-related disruption of cellular bioenergetics than children with ASD without NDR. For children with ASD and NDR mitochondrial respiration decreased as prenatal Manganese concentration increased and increased as prenatal Zinc concentration increased; glycolysis decreased with increased exposure to prenatal Manganese and Lead and postnatal Manganese. For children with ASD without a history of NDR, glycolysis increased with increased postnatal exposure to Tin. Language and communication scores in children with ASD were positively related to prenatal Cu exposure and Cu/Zn ratio. This study suggests that prenatal nutritional metals may be important for neurodevelopment in children with ASD, and that exposure to toxic metals and differences in nutritional metal exposures is associated with dysregulation of cellular bioenergetics, particularly in the NDR subtype of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E. Frye
- grid.427785.b0000 0001 0664 3531Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ USA ,grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XUniversity of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - Janet Cakir
- grid.40803.3f0000 0001 2173 6074North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Shannon Rose
- grid.488749.eArkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR USA ,grid.241054.60000 0004 4687 1637Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR USA
| | - Leanna Delhey
- grid.488749.eArkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR USA ,grid.241054.60000 0004 4687 1637Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR USA
| | - Sirish C. Bennuri
- grid.488749.eArkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR USA ,grid.241054.60000 0004 4687 1637Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR USA
| | - Marie Tippett
- grid.488749.eArkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR USA ,grid.241054.60000 0004 4687 1637Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR USA
| | - Raymond F. Palmer
- grid.267309.90000 0001 0629 5880Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Christine Austin
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Paul Curtin
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Manish Arora
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
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Fernández-Escudero AC, Legaz I, Prieto-Bonete G, López-Nicolás M, Maurandi-López A, Pérez-Cárceles MD. Aging and trace elements in human coronal tooth dentine. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9964. [PMID: 32561784 PMCID: PMC7305194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66472-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Teeth are a fundamental tool in forensic odontology for identification in a legal context of those individuals who cannot be identified visually or by other means. Dentine presents physiological exchanges of in trace elements after a period of mineralization and several factors can affect its concentration. The aim of this study was to investigate the concentration of 25 trace elements in the coronal dentine according to sex and type of tooth to determine their relationship with age. A total of 25 trace elements were analyzed in 150 human coronal dentine. Teeth were classified into three age groups, sex and tooth type. The trace elements were grouped as potentially toxic or essential. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry and Atomic Emission Spectroscopy were used. The toxic and essential elements were detected in the following order of concentration: Al > Pb > Sn > Li > As > Cd and Ca > P > Mg > Na > S > K > Sr > Zn > Ba > Fe > B > Ti > Mn > Cr > Ni > Cu > Co > Se > V. Our findings show an increase in the concentration of toxic (Pb, Li and Sn) and essential (B, Ba, K, Sr, S and Mg) elements in coronal dentin related to the age of the teeth, regardless of sex. The concentrations of Pb and K in dentin of molars and premolars are the elements that best relate their variations with age. In view of our results, the analysis of these trace elements in dentin in combination with other types of techniques could be established as an element to consider in age dating studies in different forensic situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Fernández-Escudero
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Isabel Legaz
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Gemma Prieto-Bonete
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel López-Nicolás
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Maurandi-López
- Department of Didactics of Mathematical and Social Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María D Pérez-Cárceles
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Westerhausen MT, Lockwood TE, Gonzalez de Vega R, Röhnelt A, Bishop DP, Cole N, Doble PA, Clases D. Low background mould-prepared gelatine standards for reproducible quantification in elemental bio-imaging. Analyst 2020; 144:6881-6888. [PMID: 31620708 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01580a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Standard preparation for elemental bio-imaging by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry is confounded by the chemical and physical differences between standard and sample matrices. These differences lead to variable ablation, aerosol generation and transportation characteristics and must be considered when designing matrix-matched standards for reliable calibration and quantification. The ability to precisely mimic sample matrices is hampered due to the complexity and heterogeneity of biological tissue and small variabilities in standard matrices and sample composition often negatively impact accuracy, precision and robustness. Furthermore, cumbersome preparation protocols may limit reproducibility and traceability. This work presents novel facile methods for the preparation of gelatine standards using both commercial and laboratory-made moulds. Surface roughness, thickness and robustness of the mould-prepared standards were compared against cryo-sectioned gelatine and homogenised brain tissue standards. The mould-prepared standards had excellent thickness accuracy and signal precision which allowed robust quantification, were easier to prepare and therefore easier to reproduce. We also compared gelatine standards prepared from a variety of animal sources and discuss their suitability to calibrate low level elemental concentrations. Finally, we present a simple method to remove background metals in gelatine using various chelating resins to increase the dynamic calibration range and to improve limits of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika T Westerhausen
- The Atomic Medicine Initiative, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales, Australia.
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23
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de Water E, Papazaharias DM, Ambrosi C, Mascaro L, Iannilli E, Gasparotti R, Lucchini RG, Austin C, Arora M, Tang CY, Smith DR, Wright RO, Horton MK. Early-life dentine manganese concentrations and intrinsic functional brain connectivity in adolescents: A pilot study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220790. [PMID: 31412061 PMCID: PMC6693851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Maturational processes in the developing brain are disrupted by exposure to environmental toxicants, setting the stage for deviant developmental trajectories. Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient that is neurotoxic at high levels of exposure, particularly affecting the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex. Both the intensity and timing of exposure matter; deciduous teeth can be used to retrospectively and objectively determine early-life windows of vulnerability. The aim of this pilot study was to examine associations between prenatal, early postnatal and childhood dentine Mn concentrations and intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) of adolescents' brains. 14 adolescents (12-18 years; 6 girls) from northern Italian regions with either current, historic or no Mn contamination, completed a 10-minute resting state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan in an 1.5T MRI scanner. We estimated prenatal, early postnatal and childhood Mn concentrations in deciduous teeth using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. We performed seed-based correlation analyses, focusing on six subcortical seeds (left and right caudate, putamen, pallidum) and one cortical seed (bilateral middle frontal gyrus) from Harvard-Oxford atlases. We examined linear and quadratic correlations between log-transformed Mn concentrations and seed-based iFC (Bonferroni-corrected p<0.0023), controlling for either socio-economic status, sex or age. Dentine Mn concentrations (Mn:Calcium ratio) were highest during the prenatal period (median = 0.48) and significantly declined during the early postnatal (median = 0.14) and childhood periods (median = 0.006). Postnatal Mn concentrations were associated with: 1) increased iFC between the middle frontal gyrus and medial prefrontal cortex; 2) decreased iFC between the right putamen and pre- and postcentral gyrus. Together, these findings suggest that early postnatal Mn concentrations are associated with increased iFC within cognitive control brain areas, but decreased iFC between motor areas in adolescents. Future studies should replicate these findings in larger samples, and link brain connectivity measures to cognitive and motor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik de Water
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Roberto G. Lucchini
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
- University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Christine Austin
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Manish Arora
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Cheuk Y. Tang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Donald R. Smith
- University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Robert O. Wright
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Megan K. Horton
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
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24
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Simsek H, Coruh M, Cakici F, Fundaoglu Kucukekenci F, Gurbuz T, Cakici EB. Investigation of mineral content of root canal dentin after the application of various antibiotic paste using energy‐dispersive X‐ray detector. Microsc Res Tech 2018; 82:144-148. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Simsek
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of DentistryOrdu University Ordu Turkey
| | - M. Coruh
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of DentistryAtaturk University Erzurum Turkey
| | - F. Cakici
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of DentistryOrdu University Ordu Turkey
| | | | - T. Gurbuz
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of DentistryAtaturk University Erzurum Turkey
| | - E. B. Cakici
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of DentistryOrdu University Ordu Turkey
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25
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Horton MK, Hsu L, Claus Henn B, Margolis A, Austin C, Svensson K, Schnaas L, Gennings C, Hu H, Wright R, Rojo MMT, Arora M. Dentine biomarkers of prenatal and early childhood exposure to manganese, zinc and lead and childhood behavior. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:148-158. [PMID: 30205321 PMCID: PMC6373872 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metal exposure alters neurodevelopmental outcomes; little is known about critical windows of susceptibility when exposure exerts the strongest effect. OBJECTIVE To examine associations between dentine biomarkers of manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) and later childhood behaviors. METHODS Subjects enrolled in a longitudinal birth cohort study in Mexico City provided naturally shed deciduous teeth. We estimated weekly prenatal and postnatal dentine Mn, Zn and Pb concentrations in teeth using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and measured behavior at ages 8-11 years of age using the Behavior Assessment System for Children, 2nd edition (BASC-2). We used distributed lag models and lagged weighted quantile sum regression to identify the role of individual and combined dentine biomarkers of Mn, Zn and Pb on behavioral outcomes controlling for maternal education and gestational age. RESULTS Among the 133 subjects included in this study, prenatal and early postnatal dentine Mn appeared protective against childhood behavioral problems, specifically hyperactivity and attention. Postnatal dentine Mn was associated with increased reporting of internalizing problems, specifically anxiety. At 6 months, a 1-unit increase (unit = 1 SD of log concentration) in Mn was associated with a 0.18-unit (unit = 1 SD of BASC-2 score) increase in internalizing symptoms score and a 0.25-unit increase in anxiety. Postnatal Pb was associated with increasing anxiety symptoms; at 12 months, a 1-unit increase in Pb was associated with a 0.4 unit increase in anxiety symptoms. When examined as a metal mixture, we observed two potential windows of susceptibility to increased anxiety symptoms: the first window (0-8 months) appeared driven by Mn, the second window (8-12 months) was driven by the metal mixture and dominated by Pb. A 1-unit increase in the mixture index was associated with a 0.7-unit increase in SD of anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Childhood behaviors may demonstrate postnatal windows of susceptibility to individual and mixed metal concentrations measured in deciduous teeth. Prenatal dentine Mn may be protective, while excessive early postnatal Mn may increase risk for adverse behaviors. In combination, higher concentrations of Mn, Zn and Pb may have an adverse impact on behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1057, New York, NY 10029, United States of America
| | - Leon Hsu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1057, New York, NY 10029, United States of America
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St., Boston, MA 02118, United States of America
| | - Amy Margolis
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive New York, New York 10032, United States of America
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1057, New York, NY 10029, United States of America
| | - Katherine Svensson
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1057, New York, NY 10029, United States of America
| | - Lourdes Schnaas
- Division of Research in Community Interventions, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Montes Urales 800, Lomas Virreyes, Mexico City CP 11000, Mexico
| | - Chris Gennings
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1057, New York, NY 10029, United States of America
| | - Howard Hu
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Health Sciences Building, 155 College Street, 6(th) floor, Toronto M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Robert Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1057, New York, NY 10029, United States of America
| | - Martha María Téllez Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health (Mexico), Universidad 655, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico.
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1057, New York, NY 10029, United States of America
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Sajnóg A, Hanć A, Barałkiewicz D. Metrological approach to quantitative analysis of clinical samples by LA-ICP-MS: A critical review of recent studies. Talanta 2018; 182:92-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Biospecimens and the ABCD study: Rationale, methods of collection, measurement and early data. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2018; 32:97-106. [PMID: 29606560 PMCID: PMC6487488 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Biospecimen collection in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study – of hair samples, shed deciduous (baby) teeth, and body fluids – will serve dual functions of screening for study eligibility, and providing measures of biological processes thought to predict or correlate with key study outcomes on brain and cognitive development. Biosamples are being collected annually to screen for recency of drug use prior to the neuroimaging or cognitive testing visit, and to store for the following future studies: (1) on the effects of exposure to illicit and recreational drugs (including alcohol and nicotine); (2) of pubertal hormones on brain and cognitive developmental trajectories; (3) on the contribution of genomics and epigenomics to child and adolescent development and behavioral outcomes; and (4) with pre- and post-natal exposure to environmental neurotoxicants and drugs of abuse measured from novel tooth analyses. The present manuscript describes the rationales for inclusion and selection of the specific biospecimens, methodological considerations for each measure, future plans for assessment of biospecimens during follow-up visits, and preliminary ABCD data to illustrate methodological considerations.
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Claus Henn B, Austin C, Coull BA, Schnaas L, Gennings C, Horton MK, Hernández-Ávila M, Hu H, Téllez-Rojo MM, Wright RO, Arora M. Uncovering neurodevelopmental windows of susceptibility to manganese exposure using dentine microspatial analyses. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 161:588-598. [PMID: 29247915 PMCID: PMC5965684 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between manganese (Mn) and neurodevelopment may depend on dose and exposure timing, but most studies cannot measure exposure variability over time well. OBJECTIVE We apply temporally informative tooth-matrix biomarkers to uncover windows of susceptibility in early life when Mn is associated with visual motor ability in childhood. We also explore effect modification by lead (Pb) and child sex. METHODS Participants were drawn from the ELEMENT (Early Life Exposures in MExico and NeuroToxicology) longitudinal birth cohort studies. We reconstructed dose and timing of prenatal and early postnatal Mn and Pb exposures for 138 children by analyzing deciduous teeth using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Neurodevelopment was assessed between 6 and 16 years of age using the Wide Range Assessment of Visual Motor Abilities (WRAVMA). Mn associations with total WRAVMA scores and subscales were estimated with multivariable generalized additive mixed models. We examined Mn interactions with Pb and child sex in stratified models. RESULTS Levels of dentine Mn were highest in the second trimester and declined steeply over the prenatal period, with a slower rate of decline after birth. Mn was positively associated with visual spatial and total WRAVMA scores in the second trimester, among children with lower (< median) tooth Pb levels: one standard deviation (SD) increase in ln-transformed dentine Mn at 150 days before birth was associated with a 0.15 [95% CI: 0.04, 0.26] SD increase in total score. This positive association was not observed at high Pb levels. In contrast to the prenatal period, significant negative associations were found in the postnatal period from ~ 6 to 12 months of age, among boys only: one SD increase in ln-transformed dentine Mn was associated with a 0.11 [95% CI: - 0.001, - 0.22] to 0.16 [95% CI: - 0.04, - 0.28] SD decrease in visual spatial score. CONCLUSIONS Using tooth-matrix biomarkers with fine scale temporal profiles of exposure, we found discrete developmental windows in which Mn was associated with visual-spatial abilities. Our results suggest that Mn associations are driven in large part by exposure timing, with beneficial effects found for prenatal levels and toxic effects found for postnatal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lourdes Schnaas
- Division of Research on Community Interventions, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Chris Gennings
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Megan K Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mauricio Hernández-Ávila
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Howard Hu
- University of Toronto, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martha Maria Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Dressler VL, Müller EI, Pozebon D. Bioimaging Metallomics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1055:139-181. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-90143-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Chiu YHM, Claus Henn B, Hsu HHL, Pendo MP, Coull BA, Austin C, Cagna G, Fedrighi C, Placidi D, Smith DR, Wright RO, Lucchini RG, Arora M. Sex differences in sensitivity to prenatal and early childhood manganese exposure on neuromotor function in adolescents. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 159:458-465. [PMID: 28858760 PMCID: PMC5623637 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While studies have suggested that exposure to manganese (Mn) may be associated with neurodevelopment in school-age children, there is limited information on prenatal and postnatal Mn exposures and tremor or motor function in children. METHODS We measured Mn levels in dentine of shed teeth, representing prenatal, early postnatal, and cumulative childhood exposure windows, from 195 children (predominantly right-handed, 92%) in Italy. Pursuit Aiming, Luria Nebraska Motor Battery, as well as Tremor and Sway system from Computerized Adaptive Testing System (CATSYS) were administered at 11-14 years old. We examined the relationships of tooth Mn (ln-transformed) with motor function using multivariable linear regressions and generalized additive models, adjusting for age, sex, and socioeconomic status index. Effect modification by sex was also examined. RESULTS We found that higher prenatal Mn was associated with better body stability in boys in a number of sway tests (including mean sway, transversal sway, sagittal sway, sway area, and sway intensity), while Mn was associated with poorer performance in girls on all of these metrics (all p for Mn × sex interaction < 0.05). Higher prenatal Mn was also modestly associated with better hand/finger and eye-hand coordination in boys compared to girls in sex-stratified analyses, although interaction models did not reach statistical significance. For tremor, on the other hand, higher early postnatal Mn was associated with increased right-hand center frequency in girls (p for interaction < 0.01), but increased Mn level at the later postnatal period was associated with increased center frequency in boys (p for interaction = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study, which used a direct measure of prenatal and childhood Mn exposure, suggested sex-specific critical windows of early life Mn exposure in relation to neuromotor function in adolescents. The sex-specific associations might be strongest with measures of whole body stability, for which the critical exposure window was during the prenatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Hsiu Mathilda Chiu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hsiao-Hsien Leon Hsu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mathew P Pendo
- Center for Medicine, Health and Society, Vanderbilt University College of Arts and Science, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giuseppa Cagna
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Fedrighi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Donald R Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roberto G Lucchini
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Bauer JA, Claus Henn B, Austin C, Zoni S, Fedrighi C, Cagna G, Placidi D, White RF, Yang Q, Coull BA, Smith D, Lucchini RG, Wright RO, Arora M. Manganese in teeth and neurobehavior: Sex-specific windows of susceptibility. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 108:299-308. [PMID: 28941415 PMCID: PMC5679133 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manganese (Mn) is an essential element required for growth and development, but higher body burdens have been associated with neurobehavioral decrements in children. OBJECTIVES We examined whether prenatal or postnatal Mn measured in deciduous teeth was associated with scores on a test of visuospatial learning and memory. METHODS Deciduous teeth were collected from 142 participants (ages 10-14years) residing near varied ferro‑manganese industry in Italy. Mn concentrations were measured in prenatal and postnatal tooth regions by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The Virtual Radial Arm Maze (VRAM), an animal-human analogue task, was used to assess visuospatial learning and memory. We used generalized additive, linear and zero-inflated Poisson mixed regression models to estimate associations between prenatal or postnatal Mn concentrations and repeated measures of all four VRAM outcomes: time, distance, working and reference memory errors. Effect measure modification by sex was examined in stratified models. RESULTS U-shaped associations between prenatal Mn and VRAM outcomes were observed among girls only (pGAMM=0.001 to 0.02 in stratified models). Compared to the mid-tertile of prenatal Mn, girls in the highest tertile took 7.7s [95% CI: -6.1, 21.5] longer to complete the task, traveled 2.3 maze units [0.1, 4.4] farther, and committed more working and reference memory errors (β for count ratio=1.33 [1.01, 1.83]; 1.10 [0.98, 1.24], respectively). This association was not observed among boys. In contrast, for postnatal Mn, no significant associations were found, and patterns were similar for boys and girls. CONCLUSIONS The prenatal period may be a critical window for the impact of environmental Mn on visuospatial ability and executive function, especially for females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Anglen Bauer
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Silvia Zoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Fedrighi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Cagna
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta F White
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donald Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Roberto G Lucchini
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Velthorst E, Smith L, Bello G, Austin C, Gennings C, Modabbernia A, Franke N, Frangou S, Wright R, de Haan L, Reichenberg A, Arora M. New Research Strategy for Measuring Pre- and Postnatal Metal Dysregulation in Psychotic Disorders. Schizophr Bull 2017; 43:1153-1157. [PMID: 28981868 PMCID: PMC5737339 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbx112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
While previous studies have found evidence for detrimental effects of metals on neurodevelopment, the long-term effects on mental health remain unclear. The objective was to explore the effect of early metal exposure on risk of psychotic disorder and on symptom severity following illness onset. Through the use of validated tooth-biomarkers, we estimated pre- and postnatal exposure levels of essential elements (copper, magnesium, manganese, and zinc) and elements associated with neurotoxicity (lead, arsenic, lithium, and tin). We found consistently higher levels of lithium in patients compared to controls. Higher levels of magnesium and lower levels of zinc were associated with more severe psychopathology over 20 years after metal exposure. The results show promise for the use of teeth biomarkers in examining early environmental risk for psychosis and underscore the relevance of studying metal exposure during critical neurodevelopmental periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Velthorst
- Department of Psychiatry,Seaver Center for Treatment and Research,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: 212-824-7174, fax: 212-966-8931, e-mail:
| | | | - Ghalib Bello
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Chris Gennings
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | | | - Nathalie Franke
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Robert Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
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Austin C, Richardson C, Smith D, Arora M. Tooth manganese as a biomarker of exposure and body burden in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 155:373-379. [PMID: 28279842 PMCID: PMC5862712 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonates and children are particularly vulnerable to the toxic effects of excess manganese (Mn), but studies of Mn exposure during these developmental periods are hampered by a lack of validated biomarkers. Deciduous teeth may be used to assess Mn exposure during these developmental periods but require further validation to determine the relationship between tooth Mn, Mn in target tissues, and exposure. OBJECTIVES To determine the relationship of tooth Mn concentrations with: (i) exposure dose, (ii) the timing/duration of exposure, and (iii) with Mn concentrations in blood, brain and bone. METHODS Rats in different treatment groups were orally exposed to 0, 25 or 50µg/g/day Mn either from postnatal day (PND) 1 - 21 and culled at PND 24, from PND 1 - 21 and culled as adults (>PND 290), or from PND 1 - throughout life and culled at >290 PND. Mn was measured in second molars, femurs, brain and blood by ICP-MS. RESULTS Tooth Mn increased significantly with dose in rats exposed for 21 PND and culled at 24 PND (p<0.001). In rats culled at >290 PND, tooth Mn increased with exposure duration (p<0.001) and reflected exposure duration. A significant, positive association between tooth Mn and Mn levels in blood (Spearman's rho 0.69, p<0.01) brain (rho 0.59, p<0.05) and bone (rho 0.69, p<0.01) was observed in animals with lifelong exposure. Tooth Mn and Mn levels in bone were also significantly positively associated in animals exposed only early in life (rho 0.76, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Teeth are a sensitive biomarker of active and past Mn exposure and Mn burden in tissues. Unlike blood, teeth retain information on exposure history over the short and long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Institute of Dental Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, and Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cardius Richardson
- Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Donald Smith
- Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Evaluation of Metal Ion Concentration in Hard Tissues of Teeth in Residents of Central Poland. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6419709. [PMID: 28197416 PMCID: PMC5288513 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6419709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. The aim of the study was an assessment of the content of trace elements in enamel and dentin of teeth extracted in patients residing in urban and agricultural areas of Poland. Methods. The study included 30 generally healthy patients with retained third molars. 65 samples of enamel and dentin from individuals living in urban areas and 85 samples of enamel and dentin from individuals living in agricultural areas were prepared. The content of manganese, lead, cadmium, and chromium in the studied enamel and dentin samples from retained teeth was determined by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. In the process of statistical hypothesis testing, the level of significance was assumed at α = 0.05. Results. A comparative analysis of the data showed that enamel and dentin of inhabitants of industrialized areas contain significantly higher amounts of lead and cadmium than hard tissues of teeth in residents of agricultural areas and comparable amounts of manganese and chromium. Significance. It appears that hard tissues of retained teeth may constitute valuable material for assessment of long-term environmental exposure to metal ions. The study confirms that the risk of exposure to heavy metals depends on the place of residence and environmental pollution.
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Wang Y, Specht A, Liu Y, Finney L, Maxey E, Vogt S, Zheng W, Weisskopf M, Nie LH. Microdistribution of lead in human teeth using microbeam synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (μ-SRXRF). X-RAY SPECTROMETRY : XRS 2016; 46:19-26. [PMID: 32863464 PMCID: PMC7451221 DOI: 10.1002/xrs.2720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) exposure is known to be associated with adverse effects on human health, especially during the prenatal period and early childhood. The Pb content in teeth has been suggested as a useful biomarker for the evaluation of cumulative Pb exposure. This study was designed to employ the microbeam synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence technique to determine the microdistribution of Pb within the tooth to evaluate the reliability of the technique and the effectiveness of tooth Pb as a biomarker of Pb exposure. The results showed that in the incisor sample, Pb primarily deposited in secondary dentine region close to the pulp and secondarily at enamel exterior. In addition, Pb colocalised with Zn, indicating a positive correlation between Pb and Zn. By contrast,in the two molar samples, Pb accumulated principally in the pulp, and secondarily in the enamel. At the same time, Pb in these two molar samples colocalised with Ca instead of Zn as was observed in the incisor sample. Several batches of line scans further confirmed the conclusions. The feasibility of using microbeam synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence to determine the microdistribution of Pb in teeth and of using the tooth Pb, especially in dentine, as a biomarker was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Wang
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Aaron Specht
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Yingzi Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Lydia Finney
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Evan Maxey
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Stefan Vogt
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Marc Weisskopf
- Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Linda H Nie
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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Schaumlöffel D, Hutchinson R, Malherbe J, Coustumer PL, Gontier E, Isaure MP. Novel Methods for Bioimaging Including LA-ICP-MS, NanoSIMS, TEM/X-EDS, and SXRF. Metallomics 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527694907.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Schaumlöffel
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, CNRS; Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM); UMR 5254 64000 Pau France
| | - Robert Hutchinson
- Electro Scientific Industries; 8 Avro Court, Ermine Business Park Huntingdon, Cambridge PE29 6XS UK
| | - Julien Malherbe
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, CNRS; Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM); UMR 5254 64000 Pau France
| | - Philippe Le Coustumer
- Université de Bordeaux, UF Sciences de la Terre et Environnement; Allée G. Saint-Hillaire 33615 Pessac France
| | - Etienne Gontier
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Imaging Center; UMS 3420 CNRS - US4 INSERM, Pôle d'imagerie électronique; 146 rue Léo Saignat 33076 Bordeaux France
| | - Marie-Pierre Isaure
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, CNRS; Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM); UMR 5254 64000 Pau France
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Zhang G, Wang Z, Li Q, Zhou H, Zhu Y, Du Y. Quantitative imaging analysis and investigation of transmission loss in PbF2 crystals by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry method. Talanta 2016; 154:486-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Modabbernia A, Velthorst E, Gennings C, De Haan L, Austin C, Sutterland A, Mollon J, Frangou S, Wright R, Arora M, Reichenberg A. Early-life metal exposure and schizophrenia: A proof-of-concept study using novel tooth-matrix biomarkers. Eur Psychiatry 2016; 36:1-6. [PMID: 27311101 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite evidence for the effects of metals on neurodevelopment, the long-term effects on mental health remain unclear due to methodological limitations. Our objective was to determine the feasibility of studying metal exposure during critical neurodevelopmental periods and to explore the association between early-life metal exposure and adult schizophrenia. METHODS We analyzed childhood-shed teeth from nine individuals with schizophrenia and five healthy controls. We investigated the association between exposure to lead (Pb(2+)), manganese (Mn(2+)), cadmium (Cd(2+)), copper (Cu(2+)), magnesium (Mg(2+)), and zinc (Zn(2+)), and schizophrenia, psychotic experiences, and intelligence quotient (IQ). We reconstructed the dose and timing of early-life metal exposures using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS We found higher early-life Pb(2+) exposure among patients with schizophrenia than controls. The differences in log Mn(2+) and log Cu(2+) changed relatively linearly over time to postnatal negative values. There was a positive correlation between early-life Pb(2+) levels and psychotic experiences in adulthood. Moreover, we found a negative correlation between Pb(2+) levels and adult IQ. CONCLUSIONS In our proof-of-concept study, using tooth-matrix biomarker that provides direct measurement of exposure in the fetus and newborn, we provide support for the role of metal exposure during critical neurodevelopmental periods in psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Modabbernia
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States; Seaver Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States; Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States.
| | - E Velthorst
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Gennings
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - L De Haan
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Austin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - A Sutterland
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Mollon
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - S Frangou
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States; Psychosis Research Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - R Wright
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - M Arora
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - A Reichenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States; Seaver Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States; Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article presents a new hypothesis about the possible relation between early life exposure to metals and psychosis. We review limitations of available research, and discuss novel approaches to overcome previous methodological barriers. RECENT FINDINGS Mechanistic studies suggest a possible association between excess lead, manganese, cadmium, arsenic, or copper, and zinc deficiency, and several biochemical disturbances related to psychosis, such as altered neurotransmitters levels, excitotoxicity, and inflammation. Furthermore, studies suggest that some metals (lead, manganese, cadmium excess, and zinc deficiency) are associated with schizophrenia or psychosis-related phenotype. However, previous studies had multiple methodological limitations. Importantly, metal exposure was often measured after disease development and seldom determined during critical developmental periods. Most studies fell short of depicting the exact timing of exposure and the change in exposure over time. Here, we propose several methods to overcome these methodological limitations. SUMMARY There is a plausible role of early life exposure to metals in the cause of psychosis. Owing to methodological limitations in exposure measurement, this has not been well characterized. Considering the wide exposure to metals and the high cost of psychosis to society, this hypothesis should be rigorously examined.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The exposome concept proposes a comprehensive assessment of environmental exposures from the prenatal period onwards. However, determining exposure timing, especially over the prenatal period, is a major challenge in environmental epidemiologic studies. RECENT FINDINGS For decades, teeth have been used to estimate long-term cumulative exposure to metals. Recently developed high-dimensional analytical methods, which combine sophisticated histological and chemical analysis to precisely sample tooth layers that correspond to specific life stages, have the potential to reconstruct the exposome in the second and third trimesters of prenatal development and during early childhood. SUMMARY A retrospective temporal exposomic approach that precisely measures exposure intensity 'and timing' during prenatal and early childhood development would substantially aid epidemiologic investigations, particularly case-control studies of rare health outcomes.
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Perinatal and Childhood Exposure to Cadmium, Manganese, and Metal Mixtures and Effects on Cognition and Behavior: A Review of Recent Literature. Curr Environ Health Rep 2016; 2:284-94. [PMID: 26231505 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-015-0058-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) neurotoxicity is well established. In recent years, a growing body of evidence suggests that environmental exposure to other metals including arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and manganese (Mn) and their mixtures also poses public health threats. In this paper, we summarize the recent literature examining the relationship of prenatal and childhood environmental metal exposures with cognitive and behavioral outcomes in children. We conducted a literature search to identify epidemiologic studies that examined the relationship of Cd, Mn, and metal mixtures with children's neurodevelopmental/cognitive and behavioral outcomes. We restricted the search to peer-reviewed studies published in English between January 2009 and March 2015. We identified a total of 31 articles of which 16, 17, and 16 studies examined the effects of Cd, Mn, or metal mixtures, respectively. Based on our review, there is suggestive evidence that prenatal/childhood Cd exposure may be associated with poorer cognition, but additional research is clearly needed. We found little evidence of behavioral effects of early life Cd exposure, and no studies found a significant relationship with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Studies of early life Mn exposure consistently reported negative impacts on both cognition and behavior. There is also growing evidence that co-exposure to multiple metals can result in increased neurotoxicity compared to single-metal exposure, in particular during early life. Few studies have evaluated behavioral effects related to metal co-exposure.
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Mora AM, Arora M, Harley KG, Kogut K, Parra K, Hernández-Bonilla D, Gunier RB, Bradman A, Smith DR, Eskenazi B. Prenatal and postnatal manganese teeth levels and neurodevelopment at 7, 9, and 10.5 years in the CHAMACOS cohort. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 84:39-54. [PMID: 26209874 PMCID: PMC4570875 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous cross-sectional studies of school-age children have observed that exposure to manganese (Mn) adversely affects neurodevelopment. However, few prospective studies have looked at the effects of both prenatal and postnatal Mn exposure on child neurodevelopment. METHODS We measured Mn levels in prenatal and early postnatal dentine of shed teeth and examined their association with behavior, cognition, memory, and motor functioning in 248 children aged 7, 9, and/or 10.5 years living near agricultural fields treated with Mn-containing fungicides in California. We used generalized linear models and generalized additive models to test for linear and nonlinear associations, and generalized estimating equation models to assess longitudinal effects. RESULTS We observed that higher prenatal and early postnatal Mn levels in dentine of deciduous teeth were adversely associated with behavioral outcomes, namely internalizing, externalizing, and hyperactivity problems, in boys and girls at 7 and 10.5 years. In contrast, higher Mn levels in prenatal and postnatal dentine were associated with better memory abilities at ages 9 and 10.5, and better cognitive and motor outcomes at ages 7 and 10.5 years, among boys only. Higher prenatal dentine Mn levels were also associated with poorer visuospatial memory outcomes at 9 years and worse cognitive scores at 7 and 10.5 years in children with higher prenatal lead levels (≥0.8 μg/dL). All these associations were linear and were consistent with findings from longitudinal analyses. CONCLUSIONS We observed that higher prenatal and early postnatal Mn levels measured in dentine of deciduous teeth, a novel biomarker that provides reliable information on the developmental timing of exposures to Mn, were associated with poorer behavioral outcomes in school-age boys and girls and better motor function, memory, and/or cognitive abilities in school-age boys. Additional research is needed to understand the inconsistencies in the neurodevelopmental findings across studies and the degree to which differences may be associated with different Mn exposure pathways and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Mora
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Manish Arora
- Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kim G Harley
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Katherine Kogut
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Robert B Gunier
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Asa Bradman
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Donald R Smith
- Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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43
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Andra SS, Austin C, Arora M. Tooth matrix analysis for biomonitoring of organic chemical exposure: Current status, challenges, and opportunities. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 142:387-406. [PMID: 26219084 PMCID: PMC4609267 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence supports associations between prenatal exposure to environmental organic chemicals and childhood health impairments. Unlike the common choice of biological matrices such as urine and blood that can be limited by short half-lives for some chemicals, teeth provide a stable repository for chemicals with half-life in the order of decades. Given the potential of the tooth bio-matrix to study long-term exposures to environmental organic chemicals in human biomonitoring programs, it is important to be aware of possible pitfalls and potential opportunities to improve on the current analytical method for tooth organics analysis. We critically review previous results of studies of this topic. The major drawbacks and challenges in currently practiced concepts and analytical methods in utilizing tooth bio-matrix are (i) no consideration of external (from outer surface) or internal contamination (from micro-odontoblast processes), (ii) the misleading assumption that whole ground teeth represent prenatal exposures (latest formed dentine is lipid rich and therefore would absorb and accumulate more organic chemicals), (iii) reverse causality in exposure assessment due to whole ground teeth, and (iv) teeth are a precious bio-matrix and grinding them raises ethical concerns about appropriate use of a very limited resource in exposure biology and epidemiology studies. These can be overcome by addressing the important limitations and possible improvements with the analytical approach associated at each of the following steps: (i) tooth sample preparation to retain exposure timing, (ii) organics extraction and pre-concentration to detect ultra-trace levels of analytes, (iii) chromatography separation, (iv) mass spectrometric detection to detect multi-class organics simultaneously, and (v) method validation, especially to exclude chance findings. To highlight the proposed improvements we present findings from a pilot study that utilizes tooth matrix biomarkers to obtain trimester-specific exposure information for a range of organic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syam S Andra
- Exposure Biology, Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Christine Austin
- Exposure Biology, Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Manish Arora
- Exposure Biology, Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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44
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Gunier RB, Arora M, Jerrett M, Bradman A, Harley KG, Mora AM, Kogut K, Hubbard A, Austin C, Holland N, Eskenazi B. Manganese in teeth and neurodevelopment in young Mexican-American children. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 142:688-95. [PMID: 26381693 PMCID: PMC4696558 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient but higher exposure has been associated with poorer neurodevelopment in children. METHODS We measured Mn levels in prenatal (Mnpre) (n=197) and postnatal (Mnpost) dentin (n=193) from children's shed teeth using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy and examined the relationship with children's scores on the Mental Development Index (MDI) and Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 6, 12, and 24-months. We explored non-linear associations and interactions by sex, blood lead concentrations and maternal iron status during pregnancy. RESULTS A two-fold increase of Mnpost levels in dentin was associated with small decreases in MDI at 6-months and 12-months of age. We also observed a non-linear relationship between Mnpost levels and PDI at 6-months. We found effect modification by sex for Mnpost levels and neurodevelopment at 6-months with stronger effects among girls for both MDI (-1.5 points; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): -2.4, -0.6) and PDI (-1.8 points; 95% CI: -3.3, -0.3). Girls whose mothers had lower hemoglobin levels experienced larger decreases in MDI and PDI associated with Mnpre levels than girls whose mothers had higher hemoglobin levels (pinteraction=0.007 and 0.09, respectively). We did not observe interactions with blood lead concentrations or any relationships with neurodevelopment at 24-months. CONCLUSIONS Using Mn measurements in tooth dentin, a novel biomarker that provides prenatal and early postnatal levels, we observed negative transient associations between postnatal Mn levels and early neurodevelopment with effect modification by sex and interactions with prenatal hemoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Gunier
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94707, USA
| | - Manish Arora
- Exposure Biology, Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, 2 Chalmers Street, Surry Hills, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Michael Jerrett
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94707, USA
| | - Asa Bradman
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94707, USA
| | - Kim G Harley
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94707, USA
| | - Ana Maria Mora
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94707, USA; Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Universidad Nacional, P.O. Box 86-3000, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Katherine Kogut
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94707, USA
| | - Alan Hubbard
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94707, USA
| | - Christine Austin
- Exposure Biology, Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, 2 Chalmers Street, Surry Hills, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Nina Holland
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94707, USA
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94707, USA.
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Andra SS, Austin C, Wright RO, Arora M. Reconstructing pre-natal and early childhood exposure to multi-class organic chemicals using teeth: Towards a retrospective temporal exposome. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 83:137-45. [PMID: 26134987 PMCID: PMC4545311 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Syam S Andra
- Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christine Austin
- Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert O Wright
- Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manish Arora
- Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Hare DJ, Arora M, Jenkins NL, Finkelstein DI, Doble PA, Bush AI. Is early-life iron exposure critical in neurodegeneration? Nat Rev Neurol 2015; 11:536-44. [DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2015.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Teruel JDD, Alcolea A, Hernández A, Ruiz AJO. Comparison of chemical composition of enamel and dentine in human, bovine, porcine and ovine teeth. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:768-75. [PMID: 25766469 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper was to compare the chemical composition of human teeth with other mammal species that are likely candidates for replacing them in studies that test dental material. DESIGN Dentine and enamel fragments extracted from 400 sound human, bovine, porcine and ovine - 100 teeth per species - incisors and molars were mechanically ground up to a final particle size of less than 100 μm. C/N analysis, thermogravimetric analysis coupled to mass spectrometry (TG-MS), and wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) were used to analyse the samples' composition. RESULTS Elemental analysis showed more organic carbon and nitrogen in dentine than in enamel. Human enamel was the most highly mineralised, with C and N values close to hydroxyapatite. Bovine dentine and enamel were the most similar to human. TG-MS: in all species, enamel contained less carbon and organic matter than dentine. Thermal decomposition of human enamel showed great similarity to synthetic hydroxyapatite, and large differences from bovine, ovine and porcine enamel. Thermal decomposition showed the greatest similarity between human and bovine dentine. WDXRF Dentine contained larger quantities of Mg, S, Sr and Zn than enamel. Enamel contained larger quantities of P, Ca, Cl, Cu, K and Ca/P ratio than dentine. Human enamel and dentine contained a higher Ca/P ratio, larger quantities of Cl and Cu and lower quantities of Mg, S, Zn than the animal species. CONCLUSIONS Elemental analysis, TG-MS and WDXRF have shown that human and bovine enamel and dentine show the greatest similarity among the species analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan de Dios Teruel
- Department of Integral Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Hospital Morales Meseguer, 2ª planta, C/Marqués de los Vélez s/n, 30008 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Alcolea
- Servicio de Apoyo a la Investigación Tecnológica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30202 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Hernández
- Department of Integral Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Hospital Morales Meseguer, 2ª planta, C/Marqués de los Vélez s/n, 30008 Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio José Ortiz Ruiz
- Department of Integral Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Hospital Morales Meseguer, 2ª planta, C/Marqués de los Vélez s/n, 30008 Murcia, Spain.
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48
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Arora M, Hare DJ. Tooth lead levels as an estimate of lead body burden in rats following pre- and neonatal exposure. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11241a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate assessment of early life lead exposure requires an accessible and reliable biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Arora
- Senator Frank R. Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory
- Department of Preventive Medicine
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
- New York
- USA
| | - Dominic J. Hare
- Senator Frank R. Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory
- Department of Preventive Medicine
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
- New York
- USA
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49
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Gunier RB, Mora AM, Smith D, Arora M, Austin C, Eskenazi B, Bradman A. Biomarkers of manganese exposure in pregnant women and children living in an agricultural community in California. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:14695-702. [PMID: 25390650 PMCID: PMC4270392 DOI: 10.1021/es503866a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient but at high exposure levels is a neurotoxicant. There is no well-validated biomarker to assess perinatal Mn exposure. A total of 75 mother-child pairs provided blood, urine, and/or deciduous tooth samples. We analyzed Mn in dentin and enamel of shed teeth; maternal, cord, and child blood; and maternal and child urine and examined the interrelationships of Mn levels in all matrices. We observed higher Mn levels in prenatal than postnatal dentin (geometric mean (GM) = 0.51 vs 0.16 Mn:Ca, p < 0.001), maternal blood at delivery than 26 weeks gestation (GM = 20.7 vs. 14.6 μg/L, p = 0.001), and cord blood than child blood at 24 months of age (39.9 vs 25.0 μg/L, p = 0.005). There were no significant correlations between Mn in dentin and Mn concentrations in maternal blood or maternal or child urine. Levels of Mn in prenatal dentin, prenatal maternal blood, and 24 month urine were higher (p < 0.05) among mothers and children living with a farm worker. Prenatal Mn levels in dentin were correlated with Mn loadings and concentrations in prenatal house dust. Levels of Mn measured in tooth dentin constitute a promising biomarker of perinatal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B. Gunier
- Center
for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School
of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94704, United States
- Phone: (510) 643-1337; fax: (510) 642-9083; e-mail;
| | - Ana Maria Mora
- Center
for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School
of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94704, United States
- Central
American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Donald Smith
- Microbiology
and Environmental Toxicology, University
of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Manish Arora
- Department
of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of
Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Christine Austin
- Department
of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of
Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center
for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School
of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94704, United States
| | - Asa Bradman
- Center
for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School
of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94704, United States
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50
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Fischer A, Malara P, Wiechuła D. The study of barium concentration in deciduous teeth, impacted teeth, and facial bones of Polish residents. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 161:32-7. [PMID: 25077468 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The study determines the concentration of Ba in mineralized tissues of deciduous teeth, permanent impacted teeth, and facial bones. The study covers the population of children and adults (aged 6-78) living in an industrial area of Poland. Teeth were analyzed in whole, with no division into dentine and enamel. Facial bones and teeth were subjected to the following preparation: washing, drying, grinding in a porcelain mortar, sample weighing (about 0.2 g), and microwave mineralization with spectrally pure nitric acid. The aim of the study was to determinate the concentration of Ba in deciduous teeth, impacted permanent teeth, and facial bones. The concentration of barium in samples was determined over the ICP OES method. The Ba concentration in the tested bone tissues amounted to 2.2-15.5 μg/g (6.6 μg/g ± 3.9). The highest concentration of Ba was present in deciduous teeth (10.5 μg/g), followed by facial bones (5.2 μg/g), and impacted teeth (4.3 μg/g) (ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis rank test, p = 0.0002). In bone tissue and impacted teeth, Ba concentration increased with age. In deciduous teeth, the level of Ba decreased with children's age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Fischer
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland,
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