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Armaroli E, Lugli F, Cipriani A, Tütken T. Spatial ecology of moose in Sweden: Combined Sr-O-C isotope analyses of bone and antler. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300867. [PMID: 38598461 PMCID: PMC11006136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The study of spatial (paleo)ecology in mammals is critical to understand how animals adapt to and exploit their environment. In this work we analysed the 87Sr/86Sr, δ18O and δ13C isotope composition of 65 moose bone and antler samples from Sweden from wild-shot individuals dated between 1800 and 1994 to study moose mobility and feeding behaviour for (paleo)ecological applications. Sr data were compared with isoscapes of the Scandinavian region, built ad-hoc during this study, to understand how moose utilise the landscape in Northern Europe. The 87Sr/86Sr isoscape was developed using a machine-learning approach with external geo-environmental predictors and literature data. Similarly, a δ18O isoscape, obtained from average annual precipitation δ18O values, was employed to highlight differences in the isotope composition of the local environment vs. bone/antler. Overall, 82% of the moose samples were compatible with the likely local isotope composition (n = 53), suggesting that they were shot not far from their year-round dwelling area. 'Local' samples were used to calibrate the two isoscapes, to improve the prediction of provenance for the presumably 'non-local' individuals. For the latter (n = 12, of which two are antlers and ten are bones), the probability of geographic origin was estimated using a Bayesian approach by combining the two isoscapes. Interestingly, two of these samples (one antler and one bone) seem to come from areas more than 250 km away from the place where the animals were hunted, indicating a possible remarkable intra-annual mobility. Finally, the δ13C data were compared with the forest cover of Sweden and ultimately used to understand the dietary preference of moose. We interpreted a difference in δ13C values of antlers (13C-enriched) and bones (13C-depleted) as a joint effect of seasonal variations in moose diet and, possibly, physiological stresses during winter-time, i.e., increased consumption of endogenous 13C-depleted lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Armaroli
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Federico Lugli
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Institut für Geowissenschaften, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Anna Cipriani
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, United States of America
| | - Thomas Tütken
- Arbeitsgruppe für Angewandte und Analytische Paläontologie, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Johannes Gutenberg–Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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MacRoberts RA, Liberato M, Roca-Rada X, Valente MJ, Relvado C, Matos Fernandes T, Barrocas Dias C, Llamas B, Vasconcelos Vilar H, Schöne BR, Ribeiro S, Santos JF, Teixeira JC, Maurer AF. Shrouded in history: Unveiling the ways of life of an early Muslim population in Santarém, Portugal (8th- 10th century AD). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299958. [PMID: 38446809 PMCID: PMC10917335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
In around 716 AD, the city of Santarém, Portugal, was conquered by the Berber and Arab armies that swept the Iberian Peninsula and went on to rule the region until the 12th century. Archaeological excavations in 2007/08 discovered an Islamic necropolis (Avenida 5 de Outubro #2-8) that appears to contain the remains of an early Muslim population in Santarém (8th- 10th century). In this study, skeletal material from 58 adult individuals was analysed for stable carbon (δ13Ccol; δ13Cap), nitrogen (δ15N) and sulphur (δ34S) isotope ratios in bones, and stable oxygen (δ18O), carbon (δ13Cen) and radiogenic strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isotopes in tooth enamel. The results of this study revealed a dietary pattern of predominantly C3-plant and domestic C3-fed herbivore consumption during adulthood (δ13Ccol and δ15N, respectively) but a higher proportion of C4-plant input during childhood (δ13Cen) for some individuals-interpreted as possible childhood consumption of millet porridge, a common practice in North Africa-in those with unorthodox burial types (Groups 1 and 2) that was not practiced in the individuals with canonical burials (Group 3). In this first mobility study of a medieval Muslim population in Portugal, δ18ODW values revealed greater heterogeneity in Groups 1 and 2, consistent with diverse origins, some in more humid regions than Santarém when compared to regional precipitation δ18O data, contrasting the more homogenous Group 3, consistent with the local precipitation δ18O range. Ancient DNA analysis conducted on three individuals revealed maternal (mtDNA) and paternal (Y-chromosome) lineages compatible with a North African origin for (at least) some of the individuals. Additionally, mobility of females in this population was higher than males, potentially resulting from a patrilocal social system, practiced in Berber and Arab communities. These results serve to offer a more detailed insight into the ancestry and cultural practices of early Muslim populations in Iberia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Liberato
- Centro de Estudos de Arqueologia, Artes e Ciências do Património (CEAACP), Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Xavier Roca-Rada
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Faculdade de Letras, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria João Valente
- Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais (FCHS), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Claudia Relvado
- Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour (ICArEHB), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Teresa Matos Fernandes
- School of Technology Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Barrocas Dias
- HERCULES Laboratory and IN2PAST, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
- School of Technology Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Bastien Llamas
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Bernd R. Schöne
- Institute of Geosciences, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sara Ribeiro
- Geobiotec, Department of Geosciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - João C. Teixeira
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies (CEIS20), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Evolution of Cultural Diversity Initiative, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Wang X, Zhang B, Sun Y, Ingman T, Eisenmann S, Lucas M, Scott E, Ilgner J, Wu G, le Roux P, Wu X, Zhang X, Fan A, Roberts P, Stockhammer PW. Isotopic and proteomic evidence for communal stability at Pre-Pottery Neolithic Jericho in the Southern Levant. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16360. [PMID: 37773428 PMCID: PMC10542335 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43549-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the key, long-term occupied sites in the Southern Levant, Jericho was one of the most important early Neolithic centres to witness social and economic changes associated with the domestication of plants and animals. This study applies strontium (87Sr/86Sr), oxygen (δ18O) and carbon (δ13C) isotope analyses to the enamel of 52 human teeth from Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN) layers of Jericho to directly study human diet and mobility and investigate the degree of consolidation and the flexibility of social organization of Jericho society in the PPN period. The results indicate only two non-local individuals out of the 44 sampled inhabitants identified by strontium isotope analysis and are consistent with the presence of a largely sedentary community at PPN Jericho with no evidence for large-scale migration. We also construct strontium spatial baselines (87Sr/86Sr map) with local 87Sr/86Sr signatures for the sites across the Southern Levant based on systematic compilation and analysis of available data. In addition, we apply proteomic analysis of sex-specific amelogenin peptides in tooth enamel for sex estimation of the sampled individuals (n = 44), the results of which showed a sex-biased ratio (more male than female detected in this sample pool) in Jericho society during the PPN period, which may be due to the limited sample size or selective ritual practices like particular burial zones used for specific groups. We also pretreated a batch of human bone samples recovered from PPNB Jericho for stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses for dietary investigations. However, the extracted collagen showed poor preservation and no valid δ13C or δ15N data were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Wang
- Institute for Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology and Archaeology of the Roman Provinces, Ludwig Maximilians University, 80539, Munich, Germany
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Baoshuai Zhang
- USTC Archaeometry Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yufeng Sun
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Tara Ingman
- Koç University Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations (ANAMED), Istanbul, 34433, Turkey
| | - Stefanie Eisenmann
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Theology, Humboldt University of Berlin, 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mary Lucas
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Erin Scott
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Jana Ilgner
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Gao Wu
- Core Facility Center for Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Petrus le Roux
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Xiaotong Wu
- School of History, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Xingxiang Zhang
- USTC Archaeometry Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Anchuan Fan
- USTC Archaeometry Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Patrick Roberts
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, 07745, Jena, Germany.
- isoTROPIC Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, 07745, Jena, Germany.
| | - Philipp W Stockhammer
- Institute for Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology and Archaeology of the Roman Provinces, Ludwig Maximilians University, 80539, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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Gigante M, Mazzariol A, Bonetto J, Armaroli E, Cipriani A, Lugli F. Machine learning-based Sr isoscape of southern Sardinia: A tool for bio-geographic studies at the Phoenician-Punic site of Nora. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287787. [PMID: 37467179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Since prehistoric times, the island of Sardinia-in the western Mediterranean-has played a leading role in the dynamics of human population and mobility, in the circulation of raw materials and artefacts, idioms and customs, of technologies and ideas that have enriched the biological, linguistic and cultural heritage of local groups. For the Phoenician and Punic periods (from the 9th to the 3rd centuries BCE), the ancient site of Nora-in southern Sardinia-represents an emblematic case in the study of migratory phenomena that occurred on the Island from the Iron Age until the Roman conquest. Despite the importance of exploring (and characterising) such movements from a wider bio-cultural perspective, the application of bio-geochemical tools for geographical provenance to the ancient skeletal populations of Sardinia is yet scarce. The present work is the first step towards filling this gap with the development of the first isoscape of southern Sardinia using new bioavailable Sr isotope data and a machine-learning approach. From a geolithological point of view, Sardinia is rather heterogeneous and requires detailed studies to correctly assess the distribution of the isotopic signature of bioavailable Sr. The random forest model employed here to construct the Sr isoscape uses several external environmental and geological variables. The most important predictors are related to age and bedrock type, with additional input from local soil properties. A 10-fold cross-validation gives a mean square error of 0.0008 and an R-squared of 0.81, so the model correctly predicts the 87Sr/86Sr ratio of unknown areas. By using a Bayesian provenance assignment workflow, we tested the isoscape here produced to determine the geographic origin and the mobility of archaeological and modern fauna collected from the Phoenician-Punic site of Nora and the surrounding Pula Plain. Our results indicate that archaeological sheep and goats (87Sr/86Sr < 0.7090) are compatible with areas close to Nora and Pula Plain, in agreement with archaeological evidence of pastoralism in those areas. Modern wild and domesticated fauna (87Sr/86Sr > 0.7090) show compatibility with several natural and anthropogenic locations in southern Sardinia, as expected based on modern species distribution data. Finally, we discuss the large Sr isotopic variability of the Nora baseline, where human mobility studies of human cremated and inhumed individuals are currently underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Gigante
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Jacopo Bonetto
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Armaroli
- Department of Chemical and Geological Science, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Anna Cipriani
- Department of Chemical and Geological Science, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York, United States of America
| | - Federico Lugli
- Department of Chemical and Geological Science, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
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Göhring A, Hölzl S, Mayr C, Strauss H. Multi-isotope fingerprints of recent environmental samples from the Baltic coast and their implications for bioarchaeological studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162513. [PMID: 36870494 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotopes in coastal regions are influenced by the so-called sea spray effect which masks the actual terrestrial isotope fingerprint with a marine isotope signal. The sea spray impact on plants was investigated by analyzing different stable isotope systems (δ13Ccellulose, δ18Ocellulose, δ18Osulfate, δ34Ssulfate, δ34Stotal S, δ34Sorganic S, 87Sr/86Sr) in recent environmental samples (plants, soil, water) collected close to the Baltic Sea. All these isotopic systems are influenced by the sea spray, either by the uptake of ions (HCO3-, SO42-, Sr2+) of marine origin, thus exhibiting a marine isotopic signature, or by biochemical reactions associated with, e.g., salinity stress. A shift towards seawater values is observed for δ18Osulfate, δ34S, and 87Sr/86Sr. Cellulose becomes enriched in 13C and 18O due to sea spray, further enhanced (δ13Ccellulose) or mitigated (δ18Ocellulose) by salinity stress. The effect differs both regionally and seasonally, probably as a result of, e.g., differences in wind strength or prevailing wind direction, as well as between plants collected only few meters apart, in either the open field or at more wind-protected sites, reflecting samples more or less influenced by sea spray. The stable isotope data of recent environmental samples are compared to previously analyzed archaeological bone samples of animals from the Viking Haithabu and Early Medieval Schleswig sites located close to the Baltic Sea. Potential regions of origin can be predicted based on the magnitude of the (recent) local sea spray effect. This enables the identification of probably non-local individuals. The insights into sea spray mechanisms, biochemical reactions in plants, as well as seasonal, regional, and small-scale differences in stable isotope data will help to interpret multi-isotope fingerprints at coastal sites. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of environmental samples for bioarchaeological studies. Moreover, the detected seasonal and small-scale differences require adjusted sampling strategies for, e.g., isotopic baselines in coastal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Göhring
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Faculty of Biology, Department of Biology I, Anthropology and Human Genomics, Großhaderner Straße 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Stefan Hölzl
- RiesKraterMuseum Nördlingen, Eugene-Shoemaker-Platz 1, 86720 Nördlingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Mayr
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institute of Geography, Wetterkreuz 15, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, 80333 Munich, Germany; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, GeoBio-Center, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Strauss
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Corrensstr. 24, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Choi HB, Lee KS, Park S, Jeong EK, Gautam MK, Shin WJ. National-scale distribution of strontium isotope ratios in environmental samples from South Korea and its implications for provenance studies. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 317:137895. [PMID: 36657573 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Successful application and accurate interpretation of strontium (Sr) isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) requires underlying information about the large-scale variabilities in their signatures from a variety of environmental samples, which can be correlated with the Sr isotopic signatures of underlying local geology. In this national-scale study, we analyzed 87Sr/86Sr in soil, plants, stream water, and Chinese mystery snail (Cipangopaludina chinensis) shells collected from South Korea to evaluate large-scale spatial variabilities, interpret relationships among isotopic signatures of various sample types, and generate spatial distribution isoscapes reflecting the heterogeneity of isotopic signatures across South Korea. Non-parametric comparisons among environmental samples showed non-significant differences in their isotopic ratios. The 87Sr/86Sr of plant and soil samples were strongly correlated (R2adj = 0.93), suggesting that both reflect national-scale lithological properties. Similarly, the 87Sr/86Sr of shells showed strong correlations with the 87Sr/86Sr of both plant and soil samples (R2adj = 0.90). The 87Sr/86Sr signatures of environmental samples in this study aligned with expected Sr isotopic values and generally reflected local geology. Spatial distribution maps of samples showed similar 87Sr/86Sr spatial patterns, with high radiogenic values from granitic and granitic gneiss rocks systems and low radiogenic values from volcanic and sedimentary rock systems. Stream water samples showed significant correlations with soil and plant isotopic ratios, but with a low coefficient of determination (R2adj = 0.68). The deviations were much larger for samples with 87Sr/86Sr > 0.720. Further study is needed to improve the accuracy of baseline determination and interpretation of stream water isotopic variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Bin Choi
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea; Department of Science Education, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea; Healthcare & Spa industry Promotion Agency, Chungnam, 31471, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Sik Lee
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Park
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Kuk Jeong
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Mukesh Kumar Gautam
- Biology Department, Medgar Evers College, City University of New York, New York, NY, 11225, USA.
| | - Woo-Jin Shin
- Research Center for Geochronology and Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea.
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Nikita E, Alexander M, Cox S, Radini A, Le Roux P, Chaouali M, Fenwick C. Isotopic evidence for human mobility in late antique Bulla Regia (Tunisia). JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE, REPORTS 2023; 47:103816. [PMID: 36998714 PMCID: PMC10041345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2022.103816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This paper represents the first isotopic study on late antique human mobility in North Africa, using the urban site of Bulla Regia in Tunisia as a case study. We also present the first values for bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr in northern Tunisia, analysing 63 plant and snail samples, as well as a simple method for the pre-processing of plants in the field to facilitate their export. Bulla Regia was a prominent Roman and late antique town situated on an important axis of transport and communication in North Africa and is therefore an ideal site to explore mobility in the region during this time period. Strontium (87Sr/86Sr) and oxygen (δ18OCarb) isotopic analysis of 22 late antique individuals from a Christian church and cemetery identified at least seven or eight non-locals, while comparative analysis of five Roman individuals from a funerary enclosure on the same site classified all but one of them as potential locals. Most non-local individuals exhibit 87Sr/86Sr values that match various areas of northern Tunisia, which supports regional mobility rather than long-distance migration, although when combined with the oxygen results, inter-regional mobility from an area with a warmer climate may be hypothesised for some individuals. Examination of the spatial distribution of non-local individuals in their cemetery setting reveals that they were privileged individuals, thus they may reflect the mobility of wealthier town-dwellers in late antiquity, particularly perhaps along the Carthage-Hippo route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymia Nikita
- Science and Technology in Archaeology and Culture Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, 2121 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Michelle Alexander
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, YO1 5DD York, UK
| | - Samantha Cox
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Physical Anthropology Section, Penn Museum, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anita Radini
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, YO1 5DD York, UK
| | - Petrus Le Roux
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | | | - Corisande Fenwick
- Institute of Archaeology, University College London, WC1H 0PY London, UK
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Rašković B, Poleksić V, Jarić I, Skorić S, Topisirović G, Stojnić B. Accumulation of metal trace elements in different body parts of terrestrial Roman snail Helix pomatia L., 1758 on three polluted sites in Serbia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:21853-21862. [PMID: 36279051 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23697-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric pollution remains one of the growing concerns in the twenty-first century, with particular focus on metal trace elements (MTE) from anthropogenic sources, due to their adverse effects on biota. The concentration and type of MTE in the atmosphere and in the soil are diverse, depending on the origin of pollutants, which can cause diverse detrimental effects on organisms living in the nearby environment. Three sites in Central Serbia with different origins of MTE pollution (urban contamination, smelting, and fly ash area) were assessed, using terrestrial Roman snails (Helix pomatia) as biomarker organisms. These snails are sentinel organisms and are known for their capacities for accumulation of MTE. Snails were sampled and their body was divided in three parts: viscera, foot, and shell and concentrations of MTE were determined in each of these body parts using inductively coupled plasma optical spectrometry. Results showed contrasting MTE accumulation patterns in body parts of the snails. Of three studied sites, snails sampled in the vicinity of fly ash containment had lower concentrations of MTE compared to other two polluted sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Božidar Rašković
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, Zemun, 11080, Belgrade, Serbia.
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Vesna Poleksić
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, Zemun, 11080, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Jarić
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Sádkách 702/7, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovska 1645/31a, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Skorić
- University of Belgrade - Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Topisirović
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, Zemun, 11080, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojan Stojnić
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, Zemun, 11080, Belgrade, Serbia
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Löffelmann T, Snoeck C, Richards JD, Johnson LJ, Claeys P, Montgomery J. Sr analyses from only known Scandinavian cremation cemetery in Britain illuminate early Viking journey with horse and dog across the North Sea. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280589. [PMID: 36724154 PMCID: PMC9891522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The barrow cemetery at Heath Wood, Derbyshire, is the only known Viking cremation cemetery in the British Isles. It dates to the late ninth century and is associated with the over-wintering of the Viking Great Army at nearby Repton in AD 873-4. Only the cremated remains of three humans and of a few animals are still available for research. Using strontium content and isotope ratios of these three people and three animals-a horse, a dog and a possible pig-this paper investigates the individuals' residential origins. The results demonstrate that strontium isotope ratios of one of the adults and the non-adult are compatible with a local origin, while the other adult and all three animals are not. In conjunction with the archaeological context, the strontium isotope ratios indicate that these individuals most likely originated from the area of the Baltic Shield-and that they died soon after arrival in Britain. This discovery constitutes the first solid scientific evidence that Scandinavians crossed the North Sea with horses, dogs and other animals as early as the ninth century AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessi Löffelmann
- Department of Archaeology, University of Durham, Durham, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, Research Unit: Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, AMGC-WE-VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Snoeck
- Department of Chemistry, Research Unit: Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, AMGC-WE-VUB, Brussels, Belgium
- G-Time Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Art Sciences & Archaeology, Maritime Cultures Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julian D. Richards
- Department of Archaeology, University of York, The King’s Manor, Exhibition Square, York, United Kingdom
| | - Lucie J. Johnson
- Department of Archaeology, University of Durham, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Philippe Claeys
- Department of Chemistry, Research Unit: Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, AMGC-WE-VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Janet Montgomery
- Department of Archaeology, University of Durham, Durham, United Kingdom
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10
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Pospieszny Ł, Makarowicz P, Lewis J, Szczepanek A, Górski J, Włodarczak P, Romaniszyn J, Grygiel R, Belka Z. Assessing the mobility of Bronze Age societies in East-Central Europe. A strontium and oxygen isotope perspective on two archaeological sites. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282472. [PMID: 36930597 PMCID: PMC10022790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
European Bronze Age societies are generally characterised by increased mobility and the application of isotopic methods to archaeology has allowed the rate and range of human travels to be quantified. However, little is known about the mobility of the people inhabiting East-Central Europe in the late Early and Middle Bronze Age (1950-1250 BC) whose primary subsistence strategy was herding supported by crop cultivation. This paper presents the results of strontium (87Sr/86Sr) and oxygen (δ18O) isotope analyses in the enamel of people buried in collective graves at the cemeteries in Gustorzyn and Żerniki Górne. These sites are located in Kujawy and the Nida Basin, a lowland and an upland region with clearly different environmental conditions, respectively. Both sites are classified as belonging to the Trzciniec cultural circle and were used between 16th and 13th centuries BC. Among the 34 examined individuals only an adult female from Gustorzyn can be assessed as non-local based on both 87Sr/86Sr and δ18O signatures in her first molar. This may indicate the practice of exogamy in the studied population but more generally corresponds with the hypothesis of limited mobility within these societies, as has previously been inferred from archaeological evidence, anthropological analysis, and stable isotope-based diet reconstruction. New and existing data evaluated in this paper show that the 87Sr/86Sr variability in the natural environment of both regions is relatively high, allowing the tracking of short-range human mobility. A series of oxygen isotope analyses (conducted for all but one individuals studied with strontium isotopes) indicates that δ18O ratios measured in phosphate are in agreement with the predicted modern oxygen isotope precipitation values, and that this method is useful in detecting travels over larger distances. The challenges of using both 87Sr/86Sr and δ18O isotopic systems in provenance studies in the glacial landscapes of temperate Europe are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Pospieszny
- Institute of Archaeology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jamie Lewis
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Anita Szczepanek
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Science, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jacek Górski
- Department of History and Cultural Heritage, University of Pope Jan Paweł II, Kraków, Poland
- Archaeological Museum in Cracow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Włodarczak
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jan Romaniszyn
- Faculty of Archaeology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Zdzislaw Belka
- Isotope Research Unit, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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11
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Liu Y, Peng Z, Zhou Y, Jia L, He Y, Yang D, Li H, Wang X, Huang S, Zhang J. Pilot study on provenance tracing of cocoons via strontium isotopes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:157982. [PMID: 35963413 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Isotopic analysis has seen significant use in archaeological sciences to date objects, determine their origin, and depict ancient human dietary habits. However, the potential of this technique for provenance studies of ancient silks remains underdeveloped. In this study, we applied Sr isotopic ratios to the provenance tracing of silkworm cocoons. We investigated the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of cocoons from seven Chinese provinces to determine their regional differences. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios of mulberry leaves and cocoons in Shandong and Sichuan were analyzed and silkworms were cultured at four sampling locations in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, to determine isotopic signature relationships between mulberry leaves and cocoons. Those results showed that the 87Sr/86Sr signature of cocoons not only reflected regional differences, but also was related to the type of soil in each sampling location from which the samples were collected. It is suggested that the Sr isotope ratios was able to be an effective tool for the provenance tracing of cocoons. The Mann-Whitney test result indicated no significant differences in isotopic ratios between mulberry leaves and cocoons. In other words, mulberry leaves may predict mean isotopic values in the cocoons. No clear evidence of Sr isotopic fractionation was found in our control experiments. However, mulberry leaves and cocoons from Sichuan did not show significant correlation between them, overall reducing the predictive power of the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of mulberry leaf for provenance studies of cocoons. Finally, in order to improve the accuracy of Sr isotope ratios for the provenance tracing of cocoons, more 87Sr/86Sr data should be complemented and the relationship needs to be established between Sr isotope information in more kinds of proxies and cocoons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Institute of Textile Conservation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhiqin Peng
- Institute of Textile Conservation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Scientific Research Base of Textile Conservation, State Administration for Cultural Heritage, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou 310002, China
| | - Liling Jia
- Key Scientific Research Base of Textile Conservation, State Administration for Cultural Heritage, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou 310002, China
| | - YuJie He
- Institute of Textile Conservation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Institute of Textile Conservation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hao Li
- Institute of Textile Conservation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Institute of Textile Conservation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shiying Huang
- Institute of Textile Conservation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jichao Zhang
- Institute of Textile Conservation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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12
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Johnson L, Evans J, Montgomery J, Chenery C. The forest effect: Biosphere 87Sr/ 86Sr shifts due to changing land use and the implications for migration studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 839:156083. [PMID: 35598659 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study documents a transect of 87Sr/86Sr values from a variety of plant, soil and rock samples across the ancient woodland of the Sherwood Forest National Nature Reserve (SFNNR) and into adjoining farmland in Britain. All samples were collected from the Triassic Sherwood Sandstone Group. A shift of +0.0037 in 87Sr/86Sr values is observed between the average plant from the biosphere of the ancient forest and that of the farmland. This shift is caused by the leaf litter accumulation in the forest, through time, leading to soil acidity that leaches out the carbonate component of the soil. This results in the forest floor soil reflecting only the silicate minerals from the original Sandstone rock formation. We have named this process "the forest effect". Rock samples from boreholes of the Sherwood Sandstone Group, as well as water samples from aquifers and mineral waters from previous studies, further indicate that the change in biosphere 87Sr/86Sr is a result of the wooded environment rather than the anthropological addition of lime to farmland. The extent of the forest effect will vary with differing lithologies with the most susceptible terrains being those with mixed carbonate-silicate composition, and it may be sufficient to impact the interpretation of animal and human 87Sr/86Sr in studies of mobility and migration. The model provides an opportunity to understand and assess food procurement strategies and animal management practices in the past, as well as the interaction of humans with their natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Johnson
- Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Jane Evans
- NEIF, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK.
| | - Janet Montgomery
- Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Carolyn Chenery
- NEIF, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK
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13
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Tracing the mobility of a Late Epigravettian (~ 13 ka) male infant from Grotte di Pradis (Northeastern Italian Prealps) at high-temporal resolution. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8104. [PMID: 35577834 PMCID: PMC9110381 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the results of a multi-disciplinary investigation on a deciduous human tooth (Pradis 1), recently recovered from the Epigravettian layers of the Grotte di Pradis archaeological site (Northeastern Italian Prealps). Pradis 1 is an exfoliated deciduous molar (Rdm2), lost during life by an 11–12-year-old child. A direct radiocarbon date provided an age of 13,088–12,897 cal BP (95% probability, IntCal20). Amelogenin peptides extracted from tooth enamel and analysed through LC–MS/MS indicate that Pradis 1 likely belonged to a male. Time-resolved 87Sr/86Sr analyses by laser ablation mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICPMS), combined with dental histology, were able to resolve his movements during the first year of life (i.e. the enamel mineralization interval). Specifically, the Sr isotope ratio of the tooth enamel differs from the local baseline value, suggesting that the child likely spent his first year of life far from Grotte di Pradis. Sr isotopes are also suggestive of a cyclical/seasonal mobility pattern exploited by the Epigravettian human group. The exploitation of Grotte di Pradis on a seasonal, i.e. summer, basis is also indicated by the faunal spectra. Indeed, the nearly 100% occurrence of marmot remains in the entire archaeozoological collection indicates the use of Pradis as a specialized marmot hunting or butchering site. This work represents the first direct assessment of sub-annual movements observed in an Epigravettian hunter-gatherer group from Northern Italy.
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14
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Frei R, Frank AB, Frei KM. The proper choice of proxies for relevant strontium isotope baselines used for provenance and mobility studies in glaciated terranes - Important messages from Denmark. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153394. [PMID: 35093367 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Strontium (Sr) isotope based provenance and mobility studies of ancient humans and animals necessitate representative isoscapes/baselines. However, regions/terranes that were shaped and affected by glaciers during the last Ice Ages and are covered by glaciogenic sediments present a challenge with regards to the choice of suitable surface proxy archives. Recent studies proposed that only 87Sr/86Sr signatures from pristine areas are relevant for this purpose. To test this theory, 160 new Sr concentrations [Sr] and 87Sr/86Sr signatures composed from ~960 subsamples of soil leachates and plants, complemented with 55 surface waters from agriculturally unaffected pristine forest sites from all over Denmark (island of Bornholm excluded) were analyzed. The results reveal that average 87Sr/86Sr signatures of all three proxies (plants: 0.7115 ± 0.0025; 2σ, n = 162; soil leachates: 0.7118 ± 0.0037; 2σ; n = 161, surface waters: 0.7104 ± 0.0030; 2σ, n = 55) are elevated compared to larger water bodies (creeks, rivers, lakes). In mixing diagrams, the data converge in a shared high [Sr] low 87Sr/86Sr endmember, which points to either remnant natural carbonates and/or organic components retaining carbonate Sr in the studied Podzols/Luvisols. The indications for more abundant carbonates in the past, compared to today's acid leached soils, implies that 87Sr/86Sr values measured from pristine forest locations and heathlands do not adequately reflect the biosphere compositions that prevailed ~12,000-2000 thousand years ago. Consequently, pristine forests in Denmark seem to be unsuitable proxy archive environments for constructing Sr isotope baselines for determining the provenance and mobility of ancient humans and animals. Hence, 87Sr/86Sr values measured in these pristine areas are non-representative and inadequate, and their use will lead to wrong interpretations. Finally, our study sheds light on the complexity of defining relevant and representative isoscapes/baselines in significantly changing environments and areas where the surface biosphere conditions do not necessary reflect the underlying geology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Frei
- Department of Geoscience and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Anja B Frank
- Department of Research, Collections and Conservation, Environmental Archaeology and Materials Science, National Museum of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Karin M Frei
- Department of Research, Collections and Conservation, Environmental Archaeology and Materials Science, National Museum of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
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15
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Nitzsche KN, Wakaki S, Yamashita K, Shin K, Kato Y, Kamauchi H, Tayasu I. Calcium and strontium stable isotopes reveal similar behaviors of essential Ca and nonessential Sr in stream food webs. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Nils Nitzsche
- RIHN Center Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN) Kyoto Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Wakaki
- Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research Japan Agency for Marine‐Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) Kochi Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Yamashita
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science Okayama University Okayama Japan
| | - Ki‐Cheol Shin
- RIHN Center Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN) Kyoto Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kato
- RIHN Center Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN) Kyoto Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Kamauchi
- RIHN Center Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN) Kyoto Japan
| | - Ichiro Tayasu
- RIHN Center Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN) Kyoto Japan
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16
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Frank AB, Frei R, Moutafi I, Voutsaki S, Orgeolet R, Kristiansen K, Frei KM. The geographic distribution of bioavailable strontium isotopes in Greece - A base for provenance studies in archaeology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 791:148156. [PMID: 34126477 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sr isotopes are a powerful tool used to reconstruct human mobility in archaeology. This requires extensive bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr baselines used as reference for deciphering potential areas of origin. We define the first extensive bioavailable Sr isotope baselines for the different geographical regions and surface lithologies of Greece by combining new Sr data with previously published bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr data. We present 82 new Sr concentrations and 87Sr/86Sr signatures of plants, soil leachates, surface waters and spring waters from Central Greece and combine these with published baseline values from all over Greece. We define individual baselines for ten of the thirteen geographical regions of Greece. We also provide soil leachate 87Sr/86Sr ratios from the two archaeological Bronze Age sites of Kirrha and Ayios Vasileios in Central and Southern Greece and demonstrate the validity and applicability of the new baselines for these sites. The bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr compositions of Central Greece define a narrow range of 87Sr/86Sr values between 0.70768 - 0.71021, with the widest range observed for the soil leachates. Sr derived from carbonate weathering appears to be the most important Sr source sampled by the proxies. There is an overall larger variability in baseline ranges of the different geographical regions, the narrowest is that for West Greece and the widest that for West Macedonia. In addition, we computed statistical Sr isotope ranges for the five main surface lithological groups characterising the sampling sites of the various proxies. Narrowly ranged, unradiogenic bioavailable Sr isotope signatures are typical of areas characterised by igneous outcrops as well as by Cenozoic and Mesozoic sediments. Areas, where Palaeozoic and Precambrian bedrock outcrops dominate, produce significantly wider ranges. Our study promotes the usefulness of multi-proxy baselines for geographical reference purposes and thus their promising applicability for future human mobility studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja B Frank
- Department of Research, Collections and Conservation, Environmental Archaeology and Materials Science, National Museum of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby DK 2800, Denmark.
| | - Robert Frei
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, DK, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ioanna Moutafi
- McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, UK, CB2 3ER Cambridge, United Kingdom; The M.H. Wiener Laboratory for Archaeological Science, American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Souidias 54, 10676 Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Voutsaki
- Groningen Institute of Archaeology, University of Groningen, NL-9712, ER Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - Raphaël Orgeolet
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centre Camille Jullian, Aix-en-Provence, France; École française d'Athènes, Athens, Greece
| | - Kristian Kristiansen
- Department of Historical Studies, University of Gothenburg, SE, 41255 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Karin M Frei
- Department of Research, Collections and Conservation, Environmental Archaeology and Materials Science, National Museum of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby DK 2800, Denmark.
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17
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Crowley BE, Bataille CP, Haak BA, Sommer KM. Identifying nesting grounds for juvenile migratory birds with dual isotope: an initial test using North American raptors. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke E. Crowley
- Department of Geology University of Cincinnati 500 Geology Physics Building, 345 Clifton Court Cincinnati Ohio 45221 USA
- Department of Anthropology University of Cincinnati 481 Braunstein Hall Cincinnati Ohio 45221 USA
| | - Clément P. Bataille
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Advanced Research Complex University of Ottawa 25 Templeton Street University Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
- Department of Biology University of Ottawa Gendron Hall, 30 Marie Curie Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Bruce A. Haak
- Independent Researcher 2522 Park Lane Eagle Idaho 83616 USA
| | - Kaitlin M. Sommer
- Department of Geology University of Cincinnati 500 Geology Physics Building, 345 Clifton Court Cincinnati Ohio 45221 USA
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18
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Richards MP, Mannino MA, Jaouen K, Dozio A, Hublin JJ, Peresani M. Strontium isotope evidence for Neanderthal and modern human mobility at the upper and middle palaeolithic site of Fumane Cave (Italy). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254848. [PMID: 34428206 PMCID: PMC8384160 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the mobility patterns of Neanderthals and modern humans in Europe during the Middle-to-Upper Palaeolithic transition period, we applied strontium isotope analysis to Neanderthal (n = 3) and modern human (n = 2) teeth recovered from the site of Fumane Cave in the Monti Lessini region of Northern Italy. We also measured a large number of environmental samples from the region, to establish a strontium 'baseline', and also micromammals (vole teeth) from the levels associated with the hominin teeth. We found that the modern humans and Neanderthals had similar strontium isotope values, and these values match the local baseline values we obtained for the site and the surrounding region. We conclude that both groups were utilizing the local mountainous region where Fumane Cave is situated, and likely the nearby Lessini highlands and Adige plains, and therefore the strontium evidence does not show differening mobility patterns between Neanderthals and modern humans at the Fumane site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Richards
- Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Marcello A. Mannino
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, School of Culture and Society, Aarhus University, Højbjerg, Denmark
| | - Klervia Jaouen
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, UMR 5563, CNRS, Observatoire Midi Pyrénées, Toulouse, France
| | - Alessandro Dozio
- Department of Humanities, Section of Prehistoric and Anthropological Sciences, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Jean-Jacques Hublin
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marco Peresani
- Department of Cultural Heritage, Bologna University, Ravenna, Italy
- Institute of Environmental Geology and Geoengineering, National Council of Research, Milano, Italy
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19
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Cavazzuti C, Hajdu T, Lugli F, Sperduti A, Vicze M, Horváth A, Major I, Molnár M, Palcsu L, Kiss V. Human mobility in a Bronze Age Vatya 'urnfield' and the life history of a high-status woman. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254360. [PMID: 34319991 PMCID: PMC8318297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we present osteological and strontium isotope data of 29 individuals (26 cremations and 3 inhumations) from Szigetszentmiklós-Ürgehegy, one of the largest Middle Bronze Age cemeteries in Hungary. The site is located in the northern part of the Csepel Island (a few kilometres south of Budapest) and was in use between c. 2150 and 1500 BC, a period that saw the rise, the apogee, and, ultimately, the collapse of the Vatya culture in the plains of Central Hungary. The main aim of our study was to identify variation in mobility patterns among individuals of different sex/age/social status and among individuals treated with different burial rites using strontium isotope analysis. Changes in funerary rituals in Hungary have traditionally been associated with the crises of the tell cultures and the introgression of newcomers from the area of the Tumulus Culture in Central Europe around 1500 BC. Our results show only slight discrepancies between inhumations and cremations, as well as differences between adult males and females. The case of the richly furnished grave n. 241 is of particular interest. The urn contains the cremated bones of an adult woman and two 7 to 8-month-old foetuses, as well as remarkably prestigious goods. Using 87Sr/86Sr analysis of different dental and skeletal remains, which form in different life stages, we were able to reconstruct the potential movements of this high-status woman over almost her entire lifetime, from birth to her final days. Our study confirms the informative potential of strontium isotopes analyses performed on different cremated tissues. From a more general, historical perspective, our results reinforce the idea that exogamic practices were common in Bronze Age Central Europe and that kinship ties among high-rank individuals were probably functional in establishing or strengthening interconnections, alliances, and economic partnerships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Cavazzuti
- Dipartimento di Storia Culture Civiltà, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italia
- Archaeology Department, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Tamás Hajdu
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Federico Lugli
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sperduti
- Museo delle Civiltà, Sezione di Bioarcheologia, Rome, Italy
- University of Napoli “L’Orientale”, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Aniko Horváth
- ICER Centre, Institute for Nuclear Research, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Major
- ICER Centre, Institute for Nuclear Research, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mihály Molnár
- ICER Centre, Institute for Nuclear Research, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Palcsu
- ICER Centre, Institute for Nuclear Research, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Viktória Kiss
- Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Hungary
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20
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Ingman T, Eisenmann S, Skourtanioti E, Akar M, Ilgner J, Gnecchi Ruscone GA, le Roux P, Shafiq R, Neumann GU, Keller M, Freund C, Marzo S, Lucas M, Krause J, Roberts P, Yener KA, Stockhammer PW. Human mobility at Tell Atchana (Alalakh), Hatay, Turkey during the 2nd millennium BC: Integration of isotopic and genomic evidence. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0241883. [PMID: 34191795 PMCID: PMC8244877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Middle and Late Bronze Age, a period roughly spanning the 2nd millennium BC (ca. 2000-1200 BC) in the Near East, is frequently referred to as the first 'international age', characterized by intense and far-reaching contacts between different entities from the eastern Mediterranean to the Near East and beyond. In a large-scale tandem study of stable isotopes and ancient DNA of individuals excavated at Tell Atchana (Alalakh, located in Hatay, Turkey), we explored the role of mobility at the capital of a regional kingdom, named Mukish during the Late Bronze Age, which spanned the Amuq Valley and some areas beyond. We generated strontium and oxygen isotope data from dental enamel for 53 individuals and 77 individuals, respectively, and added ancient DNA data of 10 newly sequenced individuals to a dataset of 27 individuals published in 2020. Additionally, we improved the DNA coverage of one individual from this 2020 dataset. The DNA data revealed a very homogeneous gene pool. This picture of an overwhelmingly local ancestry was consistent with the evidence of local upbringing in most of the individuals indicated by the isotopic data, where only five were found to be non-local. High levels of contact, trade, and exchange of ideas and goods in the Middle and Late Bronze Ages, therefore, seem not to have translated into high levels of individual mobility detectable at Tell Atchana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Ingman
- Koç University Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations (ANAMED), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Stefanie Eisenmann
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Eirini Skourtanioti
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Murat Akar
- Department of Archaeology, Mustafa Kemal University, Alahan-Antakya, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Jana Ilgner
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Petrus le Roux
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Rula Shafiq
- Anthropology Department, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gunnar U. Neumann
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Marcel Keller
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Cäcilia Freund
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Sara Marzo
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Mary Lucas
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes Krause
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patrick Roberts
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - K. Aslıhan Yener
- Institute for the Study of the Ancient World (ISAW), New York University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Philipp W. Stockhammer
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- Institute for Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology and Archaeology of the Roman Provinces, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
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21
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Zieliński M, Dopieralska J, Królikowska-Ciągło S, Walczak A, Belka Z. Mapping of spatial variations in Sr isotope signatures ( 87Sr/ 86Sr) in Poland - Implications of anthropogenic Sr contamination for archaeological provenance and migration research. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 775:145792. [PMID: 33631577 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study presents first isoscape maps of strontium isotope signatures and their spatial variation in Poland, based on ~900 samples of rocks, sediments, surface water, and flora. This dataset is supplemented by 87Sr/86Sr ratios predicted for several carbonate rock units. High, radiogenic Sr isotope ratios (>0.72), related to the Pleistocene glacial deposits, are omnipresent throughout the country and are also found in the Sudetes and the Holy Cross Mountains, where igneous and clastic Palaeozoic rocks are widely exposed. The lowest Sr signatures (<0.71) occur predominantly in the Silesian-Małopolska and Lublin uplands and are related to exposures of Palaeozoic, Mesozoic, and Neogene carbonate rocks. The large variation of 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the environment across the country is chiefly driven by the diversity in the geological substrate, and locally, it is also influenced by anthropogenic contamination. Strontium isoscapes for the geological substrate and surface waters differ from each other, in terms of the range of 87Sr/86Sr values and their distributional pattern. The differences result primarily from mixing processes in the geosphere (weathering), hydrosphere, and biosphere that control Sr inputs from various natural sources present in the environment. On the other side, they are also created by anthropogenic contamination of surface water and presumably of soils. This situation has important implications for future archaeological provenance and migration studies, as isoscapes for surface water and vegetation cannot be directly used to estimate the local 87Sr/86Sr baselines for past human populations. Therefore, caution is required when modern Sr data of surface water and plants are used in archaeological research. 87Sr/86Sr values of the geological substrate, which may be affected by anthropogenic contamination to a lesser extent than water, soil, and vegetation, are favoured for the baseline estimation for historical times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Zieliński
- Isotope Research Unit, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. B. Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Dopieralska
- Poznan Science and Technology Park, Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation, ul. Rubież 46, 61-612 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Królikowska-Ciągło
- Poznan Science and Technology Park, Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation, ul. Rubież 46, 61-612 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Walczak
- Isotope Research Unit, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. B. Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Zdzislaw Belka
- Isotope Research Unit, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. B. Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Poznań, Poland.
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22
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Ladegaard-Pedersen P, Sabatini S, Frei R, Kristiansen K, Frei KM. Testing Late Bronze Age mobility in southern Sweden in the light of a new multi-proxy strontium isotope baseline of Scania. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250279. [PMID: 33882110 PMCID: PMC8059841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bronze Age of Sweden’s southernmost region, Scania, is complex and intriguing. One could say that Scania represented in many ways a gateway for people, ideas and material culture connecting continental Europe with Sweden. Shedding light on the dynamics of human mobility in this region requires an in depth understanding of the local archaeological contexts across time. In this study, we present new archaeological human data from the Late Bronze Age Simris II site, located in an area of Scania showing a dynamic environment throughout the Late Bronze Age, thus likely involving various forms of mobility. Because the characterization of solid strontium isotope baselines is vital for delineating human mobility in prehistory using the strontium isotope methodology, we introduce the first environmentally based multi-proxy (surface water-, plant- and soil leachates) strontium isotope baselines for sub-regions of Scania. Our results show, that the highly complex and spatially scattered lithologies characterising Scania does not allow for a spatially meaningful, geology-based grouping of multi-proxy data that could be beneficial for provenance studies. Instead, we propose sub-regional baselines for areas that don’t necessarily fully correspond and reflect the immediate distribution of bedrock lithologies. Rather than working with a Scania-wide multi-proxy baseline, which we define as 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7133 ± 0.0059 (n = 102, 2σ), we propose sub-regional, multi-proxy baselines as follows: Area 1, farthest to the north, by 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7184 ± 0.0061 (n = 16, 2σ); Area 2, comprising the mid and western part of Scania, with 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7140 ± 0.0043 (n = 48, 2σ); Area 3–4, roughly corresponding to a NW-SE trending zone dominated by horst-graben tectonics across Scania, plus the carbonate dominated south western part of Scania with 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7110 ± 0.0030 (n = 39, 2σ). Our results also reflect that the complexity of the geology of Scania requires systematic, high density, statistically sound sampling of multiple proxies to adequately constrain the baseline ranges, particularly of those areas dominated by Precambrian lithologies. The averaging effect of biosphere Sr in surface water might be beneficial for the characterization of baselines in such terranes. Our sub-regional, area-specific baselines allow for a first comparison of different baseline construction strategies (single-proxy versus multi-proxy; Scania-wide versus sub-regional). From the Late Bronze Age Simris II site, we identified six individuals that could be analysed for Sr isotopes, to allow for an interpretation of their provenance using the newly established, environmental strontium isotope baselines. All but one signature agrees with the local baselines, including the 87Sr/86Sr value we measured for a young individual buried in a house urn, typically interpreted as evidence for long distance contacts. The results are somewhat unexpected and provides new aspects into the complexity of Scandinavian Bronze Age societies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serena Sabatini
- Department of Historical Studies, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Robert Frei
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Kristiansen
- Department of Historical Studies, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Globe Institute, Lundbeck Foundation, GeoGenetics Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
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23
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Kruszynski C, Bailey LD, Courtiol A, Bach L, Bach P, Göttsche M, Göttsche M, Hill R, Lindecke O, Matthes H, Pommeranz H, Popa-Lisseanu AG, Seebens-Hoyer A, Tichomirowa M, Voigt CC. Identifying migratory pathways of Nathusius' pipistrelles (Pipistrellus nathusii) using stable hydrogen and strontium isotopes. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9031. [PMID: 33336436 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Identifying migratory corridors of animals is essential for their effective protection, yet the exact location of such corridors is often unknown, particularly for elusive animals such as bats. While migrating along the German coastline, Nathusius' pipistrelles (Pipistrellus nathusii) are regularly killed at wind turbines. Therefore, we explored the paths taken on their annual journey. METHODS We used isotope ratio mass spectrometry to measure stable hydrogen and strontium isotope ratios in fur keratin of 59 Nathusius' pipistrelles captured on three offshore islands. Samples were pre-treated before analysis to report exclusively stable isotope ratios of non-exchangeable hydrogen. We generated maps to predict summer origins of bats using isoscape models. RESULTS Bats were classified as long-distance migrants, mostly originating from Eastern Europe. Hydrogen analysis suggested for some bats a possible Fennoscandian origin, yet additional information from strontium analysis excluded this possibility. Instead, our data suggest that most Nathusius' pipistrelles migrating along the German coastline were of continental European summer origin, but also highlight the possibility that Nathusius' pipistrelles of Baltorussian origin may travel offshore from Fennoscandia to Germany. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate the benefit of using complementary isotopic tracers for analysing the migratory pathways of bats and also potentially other terrestrial vertebrate species. Furthermore, data from our study suggest an offset of fur strontium isotope ratios in relation to local bedrock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Kruszynski
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, Berlin, 10315, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Liam D Bailey
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, Berlin, 10315, Germany
| | - Alexandre Courtiol
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, Berlin, 10315, Germany
| | - Lothar Bach
- Freilandforschung, zoologische Gutachten, Hamfhofsweg 125b, Bremen, 28357, Germany
| | - Petra Bach
- Freilandforschung, zoologische Gutachten, Hamfhofsweg 125b, Bremen, 28357, Germany
| | | | - Michael Göttsche
- Faunistica - Büro für ökologische & faunistische Freilanduntersuchungen, Jaguarring 4, Bad Segeberg, 23795, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Lindecke
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, Berlin, 10315, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | | | | | - Ana G Popa-Lisseanu
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, Berlin, 10315, Germany
| | | | - Marion Tichomirowa
- Institut für Mineralogie, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Brennhausgasse 14, Freiberg, 09599, Germany
| | - Christian C Voigt
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, Berlin, 10315, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
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24
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Wang X, Roberts P, Tang Z, Yang S, Storozum M, Groß M, Fernandes R. The Circulation of Ancient Animal Resources Across the Yellow River Basin: A Preliminary Bayesian Re-evaluation of Sr Isotope Data From the Early Neolithic to the Western Zhou Dynasty. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.583301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many questions still remain regarding the acquisition and circulation of ancient domesticated animals across the Yellow River Basin, one of the key areas for the development of complex societies in ancient China. Here, we re-evaluate previously published strontium isotope data (87Sr/86Sr, n = 167) from tooth enamel of domesticated animals at 10 archaeological sites in the Yellow River Basin to shed new light on the transition between the Neolithic (7000–5000 BCE) and the Western Zhou Dynasty (1046–771 BCE). The results show that from the Late Neolithic to the Western Zhou Dynasty, some domesticated animals, mostly cattle and sheep, were increasingly sourced from non-local areas. We employed Bayesian methods to define an isoscape of bioavailable Sr for the Yellow River Basin and to show the considerable diversity in the origins of non-local domesticated animals, some of which may have come from locations hundreds of kilometers away from the site as early as the Late Neolithic. The increasingly variable 87Sr/86Sr ratios of domesticated animals from the Neolithic to the Western Zhou Dynasty are consistent with that of associated human remains, and also match the archaeological and zooarchaeological evidence for increased circulation of animal products in the Yellow River Basin. Therefore, we infer that local economies increasingly incorporated non-local animals as part of wider circulation networks that emerged with the development of complex societies since the Late Neolithic.
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25
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Hamilton MI, Fernandez DP, Nelson SV. Using strontium isotopes to determine philopatry and dispersal in primates: a case study from Kibale National Park. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:200760. [PMID: 33972840 PMCID: PMC8074638 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.200760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) allow researchers to track changes in mobility throughout an animal's life and could theoretically be used to reconstruct sex-biases in philopatry and dispersal patterns in primates. Dispersal patterns are a life-history variable that correlate with numerous aspects of behaviour and socio-ecology that are elusive in the fossil record. The present study demonstrates that the standard archaeological method used to differentiate between 'local' and 'non-local' individuals, which involves comparing faunal isotopic ratios with environmental isotopic minima and maxima, is not always reliable; aspects of primate behaviour, local environments, geologic heterogeneity and the availability of detailed geologic maps may compromise its utility in certain situations. This study instead introduces a different methodological approach: calculating offset values to compare 87Sr/86Sr of teeth with that of bone or local environments. We demonstrate this method's effectiveness using data from five species of primates, including chimpanzees, from Kibale National Park, Uganda. Tooth-to-bone offsets reliably indicate sex-biases in dispersal for primates with small home ranges while tooth-to-environment offset comparisons are more reliable for primates with larger home ranges. Overall, tooth-to-environment offsets yield the most reliable predictions of species' sex-biases in dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian I. Hamilton
- Department of Anthropology, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, 80639-6900, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87111, USA
| | - Diego P. Fernandez
- Department of Geology and Geochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sherry V. Nelson
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87111, USA
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26
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Andreasen R, Thomsen E. Strontium Is Released Rapidly From Agricultural Lime–Implications for Provenance and Migration Studies. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.588422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of strontium isotopes in pre-historic mobility studies requires accurate isoscapes for evaluating whether pre-historic individuals are local to the areas in which they were buried or not. Isoscapes are often based on modern-day samples, commonly surface waters. There is, however, growing evidence that modern-day farming has a significant impact on the strontium isotopic composition of surface waters and farmed soils, mainly due to the use of agricultural lime for soil improvement. In this paper, we investigate the fate of strontium from agricultural lime in an experimentally-manipulated field in central Jutland, Denmark. Agricultural limestone was added to this field at very high rates in 2012 and 2013 to investigate CO2 storage in soils. Strontium was first measured from the site in 2014. In 2019 we reevaluated strontium concentrations and found that 80–100% of the strontium from the agricultural lime had leached out of the organic-rich topsoil, and likely seeped into the underlying groundwater and nearby surface waters. In both the sandy soils of the liming test site and farmed soils and heathland in the adjacent area, Sr exhibits a degree of mobility similar to that of calcium, which is in agreement with data for other soil types and what is predicted by the size of its hydrated ions. Strontium isotopic compositions of unfarmed heathland samples show much higher 87Sr/86Sr ratios, and so are not influenced by carbonates, suggesting that the limestone 87Sr/86Sr signature seen in the farmland and in streams and rivers in contact with this comes from agricultural lime, and not from natural carbonate relicts occasionally found in the area. This suggests that the 87Sr/86Sr signatures of the area were higher in pre-historic times, and that an isoscape map based on samples from modern-day farmland is inappropriate for application to provenance and mobility studies of pre-historic people. Thus, it is critical that the possible impact of farming is evaluated when conducting provenance and mobility studies, especially in areas with Sr-poor soils and where agricultural lime is used for soil improvement. Overlooking this can result in significant overestimation of the degree of pre-historic mobility.
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27
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Monthly mobility inferred from isoscapes and laser ablation strontium isotope ratios in caprine tooth enamel. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2277. [PMID: 33500495 PMCID: PMC7838167 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81923-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Strontium isotopic analysis of sequentially formed tissues, such as tooth enamel, is commonly used to study provenance and mobility of humans and animals. However, the potential of 87Sr/86Sr in tooth enamel to track high-frequency movements has not yet been established, in part due to the lack of data on modern animals of known movement and predictive model of isotope variation across the landscape. To tackle this issue, we measured the 87Sr/86Sr in plant samples taken from a 2000 km2 area in the Altai Mountains (Mongolia), and the 87Sr/86Sr in tooth enamel of domestic caprines whose mobility was monitored using GPS tracking. We show that high-resolution, sequential profiles of strontium isotope composition of tooth enamel reliably reflect the high-frequency mobility of domestic livestock and that short-term residency of about 45 days can be resolved. This offers new perspectives in various disciplines, including forensics, ecology, palaeoanthropology, and bioarchaeology.
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28
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Thomsen E, Andreasen R, Rasmussen TL. Homogeneous Glacial Landscapes Can Have High Local Variability of Strontium Isotope Signatures: Implications for Prehistoric Migration Studies. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.588318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasingly, strontium (Sr) isotopes are used to distinguish locals and migrants in prehistoric studies, by measuring87Sr/86Sr in human remains and comparing these values to the distribution of the bioavailable87Sr/86Sr in the study area, often in surface water. However, it has recently been shown that agricultural lime can have a substantial impact on the87Sr/86Sr ratio and strontium concentration in surface water in areas where soils are low- to non-calcareous. Agricultural lime is rich in strontium with low87Sr/86Sr ratios, such that interpretations of prehistoric migration based on surface waters affected by agricultural lime often overestimate the number of migrants in a given area. However, the impact of agricultural lime was questioned in a new study, which argues that strontium derived from agricultural lime is retained in the topsoil of the fields and therefore do not contaminate the surface water. In the present study and in a companion study in this volume, we show that strontium derived from agricultural lime is highly mobile in soils, and so contaminate surface waters extensively. We also show that the87Sr/86Sr ratios are consistently higher in waters from “pristine areas” (where no agricultural lime has been applied within a distance of 150 m from the sample locality) than in water from farmland, thus confirming that it is of vital importance for accurate mapping of isoscapes to avoid sampling waters contaminated by agricultural lime. Our new measurements of87Sr/86Sr ratios in central Jutland, Denmark, raise the highest measured values to 0.7186. High values between 0.7140 and 0.7156 occur repeatedly and it is apparent that nearly all prehistoric human finds in Jutland, previously believed to have journeyed from afar are more likely of local origin. Furthermore, we show that carbonate-rich areas along the coast of southwest Zealand carry high87Sr/86Sr values (0.7112–0.7132), where we would expect low values. This surprising result indicates that nearly all humans buried at the Viking Age site, Trelleborg could well have originated locally, in contrast to past studies, which have suggested that about 50% of the burials were of individuals who came from afar.
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Britton K, Le Corre M, Willmes M, Moffat I, Grün R, Mannino MA, Woodward S, Jaouen K. Sampling Plants and Malacofauna in 87Sr/86Sr Bioavailability Studies: Implications for Isoscape Mapping and Reconstructing of Past Mobility Patterns. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.579473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing strontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr) geographical variability is a key component of any study that seeks to utilize strontium isotopes as tracers of provenance or mobility. Although lithological maps can provide a guideline, estimations of bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr are often necessary, both in qualitative estimates of local strontium isotope “catchments” and for informing/refining isoscape models. Local soils, plants and/or animal remains are commonly included in bioavailability studies, although consensus on what (and how extensively) to sample is lacking. In this study, 96 biological samples (plants and snails) were collected at 17 locations spanning 6 lithological units, within a region of south-west France and an area with a high concentration of Paleolithic archaeological sites. Sampling sites aligned with those from a previous study on soil bioavailable strontium, and comparison with these values, and the influence of environmental and anthropogenic variables, was explored. Data confirm a broad correspondence of plant and snail 87Sr/86Sr values with lithological unit/soil values, although the correlation between expected 87Sr/86Sr values from lithology and bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr ratios from biological samples was higher for plants than for snails. Grass, shrub and tree 87Sr/86Sr values were similar but grasses had a stronger relationship with topsoil values than trees, reflecting differences in root architecture. Variability in 87Sr/86Sr ratios from all plant samples was lower for sites located on homogeneous geological substrates than for those on heterogeneous substrates, such as granite. Among environmental and anthropogenic variables, only an effect of proximity to water was detected, with increased 87Sr/86Sr values in plants from sites close to rivers originating from radiogenic bedrock. The results highlight the importance of analyzing biological samples to complement, inform and refine strontium isoscape models. The sampling of plants rather than snails is recommended, including plants of varying root depth, and (if sample size is a limitation) to collect a greater number of samples from areas with heterogeneous geological substrates to improve the characterizations of those regions. Finally, we call for new experimental studies on the mineralized tissues of grazers, browsers, frugivores and/or tree leaf feeders to explore the influence of 87Sr/86Sr variability with soil profile/root architecture on 87Sr/86Sr values of locally-feeding fauna.
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Depaermentier MLC, Kempf M, Bánffy E, Alt KW. Tracing mobility patterns through the 6th-5th millennia BC in the Carpathian Basin with strontium and oxygen stable isotope analyses. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242745. [PMID: 33296396 PMCID: PMC7725410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity of Neolithic population movements and their interpretation through material culture have been the subject of archaeological research for decades. One of the dominant narratives proposes that groups from the Starčevo-Körös-Criş complex spread from the central towards the northern Balkans in the Early Neolithic and eventually brought the Neolithic lifestyle into present-day Hungary. Broad geographical migrations were considered to shape the continuous expansion of Neolithic groups and individuals. However, recent archaeological research, aDNA, and isotope analyses challenged the synchronous appearance of specific material culture distributions and human movement dynamics through emphasizing communication networks and socio-cultural transformation processes. This paper seeks to retrace the complexity of Neolithic mobility patterns across Hungary by means of strontium and oxygen stable isotope analyses, which were performed on a total of 718 human dental enamel samples from 55 Neolithic sites spanning the period from the Starčevo to the Balaton-Lasinja culture in Transdanubia and from the Körös to the Tiszapolgár cultural groups on the Great Hungarian Plain (Alföld). This study presents the largest strontium and oxygen isotope sample size for the Neolithic Carpathian Basin and discusses human mobility patterns on various geographical scales and throughout archaeological cultures, chronological periods, and sex and gender categories in a multiproxy analysis. Based on our results, we discuss the main stages of the Neolithisation processes and particularly trace individual movement behaviour such as exogamy patterns within extensive social networks. Furthermore, this paper presents an innovative differentiation between mobility patterns on small, micro-regional, and supra-regional scales, which provides new insights into the complex organisation of Neolithic communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux L. C. Depaermentier
- Department of Early Medieval and Roman Provincial Archaeology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (MLCD); (KWA)
| | - Michael Kempf
- Department of Archaeology and Museology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Environmental Social Science and Geography, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eszter Bánffy
- German Archaeological Institute, Roman Germanic Commission, Frankfurt a. M., Germany
| | - Kurt W. Alt
- Center of Natural and Cultural Human History, Danube Private University, Krems-Stein, Austria
- Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (MLCD); (KWA)
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31
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Weber M, Tacail T, Lugli F, Clauss M, Weber K, Leichliter J, Winkler DE, Mertz-Kraus R, Tütken T. Strontium Uptake and Intra-Population 87Sr/86Sr Variability of Bones and Teeth—Controlled Feeding Experiments With Rodents (Rattus norvegicus, Cavia porcellus). Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.569940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Strontium isotopes in biogenic apatite, especially enamel, are widely employed to determine provenance and track migration in palaeontology and archaeology. Body tissues record the 87Sr/86Sr of bioavailable Sr of ingested food and water. To identify non-local individuals, knowledge of the 87Sr/86Sr of a non-migratory population is required. However, varying factors such as tissue turnover rates, feeding selectivity, Sr content, digestibility of food, and the ingestion of mineral dust can influence body tissue 87Sr/86Sr. To evaluate the Sr contribution of diet and water to mammalian hard tissues 87Sr/86Sr, controlled feeding studies are necessary. Here we present 87Sr/86Sr from controlled feeding experiments with two rodent species (Rattus norvegicus, Cavia porcellus). Due to the continuous and fast incremental growth of rat and guinea pig incisors (~0.1 – 0.5 mm/day), their enamel is expected to record isotopic dietary changes. For Experiment-1: Diet Switch, animals were switched from their respective supplier food to a pelleted experimental diet containing either insect-, plant-, or meat-meal and a staggered-sampling approach was used to monitor the 87Sr/86Sr changes in rat incisor enamel and bone over the course of the experiment. In Experiment-2: Basic Diets, separated cohorts (n = 6) of rats and guinea pigs were fed one of the three pelleted diets and received tap water for 54 days. While the rat incisors showed a complete tissue turnover, the slower-growing guinea pig incisors partially retained supplier diet-related isotopic compositions. In addition, one group of rats fed plant-meal pellets received Sr-rich mineral water, demonstrating that drinking water can be an important Sr source in addition to diet. Additionally, a leaching experiment showed that only a small fraction of diet-related Sr is bioavailable. Finally, in Experiment-3: Dust Addition, guinea pigs were fed pellets with and without addition of 4% of isotopically distinct dust (loess or kaolin). Animals that received kaolin-containing pellets displayed increased enamel 87Sr/86Sr. Intra-population 87Sr/86Sr variability within each feeding group was small and thus we conclude that it should not affect interpretations of 87Sr/86Sr in provenance studies. However, the differences between bulk food and leachate 87Sr/86Sr highlight the importance of Sr bioavailability for provenance studies and Sr isoscapes.
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Iordache AM, Nechita C, Pluhacek T, Iordache M, Zgavarogea R, Ionete RE. Past and present anthropic environmental stress reflect high susceptibility of natural freshwater ecosystems in Romania. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115505. [PMID: 32892015 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of twelve heavy metals and trace elements (Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, Pb, Hg, Zn, Fe, and Al) in bed sediment and river freshwater that received sewage discharge, industrial wastewater inputs and mining residue were discussed. Spatial distribution, intra-annual trends and diffuse flux in 2019 in the middle and lower reaches of Olt River Basin (ORB) were investigated using inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). We applied correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) to quantify metal distribution relationship within environmental factors (pH, air temperature) and organic matter existing in the ORB. Moreover, the 87Sr/86Sr and 206Pb/207Pb isotope ratios analysis was employed to conclude the possible origin of the contamination. PCA analysis categorized metal presence in the four-component model, which explains 91% (May), 92% (July) and 93% (September) of the variance and indicates the potential origins of pollutants. The HCA and correlation analysis emphasized the relationship between trace elements, heavy metals in water and sediments and physicochemical characteristics of water. It was observed a high discrepancy in metal distribution between riverbed sediments and water body. In September, correlation indices highlighted sparse positive relationship with trace elements in water and mainly negative correlation values with trace elements from sediments. The origin of pollutants in sediments and water appear to be both natural and human-related activities. In all seasons increased the total exchangeable concentration of Ni, Cu and Zn in the sediments downstream sewage treatment plants and upstream of dams. The consideration of environmental factors and physicochemical characteristics of water is required to develop strategies for pollution management, assessment and mitigation in the actual condition of climate change. This study evaluated the heavy metals pollution in the Olt River Basin over three periods in 2019 under human-induced changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Maria Iordache
- National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies - ICSI Rm, Valcea, 4 Uzinei Street, 240050, Rm. Valcea, Valcea, Romania
| | - Constantin Nechita
- National Research and Development Institute for Forestry "Marin Drăcea" Calea Bucovinei, 73 Bis, 725100, Câmpulung Moldovenesc, Romania.
| | - Tomas Pluhacek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17 Listopadu 12, Olomouc, CZ-771 46, Czech Republic
| | - Mihaela Iordache
- National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies - ICSI Rm, Valcea, 4 Uzinei Street, 240050, Rm. Valcea, Valcea, Romania
| | - Ramona Zgavarogea
- National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies - ICSI Rm, Valcea, 4 Uzinei Street, 240050, Rm. Valcea, Valcea, Romania
| | - Roxana Elena Ionete
- National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies - ICSI Rm, Valcea, 4 Uzinei Street, 240050, Rm. Valcea, Valcea, Romania
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Toncala A, Trautmann B, Velte M, Kropf E, McGlynn G, Peters J, Harbeck M. On the premises of mixing models to define local bioavailable 87Sr/ 86Sr ranges in archaeological contexts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 745:140902. [PMID: 32717600 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In archaeological mobility studies, non-local humans and animals can be identified by means of stable strontium isotope analysis. However, defining the range of local 87Sr/86Sr ratios is prerequisite. To achieve this goal, proxy-based mixing models have recently been proposed using 87Sr/86Sr ratios measured in modern local vegetation, water and soil samples. Our study complements earlier efforts by introducing archaeological animal bones as an additional proxy. We then evaluate the different modelling approaches by contrasting proxy-results generated for the county of Erding (Upper Bavaria, Germany) with a comprehensive set of strontium measurements obtained from tooth enamel of late antique and early medieval human individuals (n = 49) from the same micro-region. We conclude that current mixing models based on environmental proxies clearly underestimate the locally bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr ratios due to the limited sample size of modern environmental specimens and a suit of imponderables inherent to efforts modelling complex geobiological processes. In sum, currently available mixing models are deemed inadequate and can therefore not be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Toncala
- SNSB, State Collection for Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy, Karolinenplatz 2a, 80333 Munich, Germany.
| | - Bernd Trautmann
- SNSB, State Collection for Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy, Karolinenplatz 2a, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Maren Velte
- SNSB, State Collection for Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy, Karolinenplatz 2a, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Kropf
- SNSB, State Collection for Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy, Karolinenplatz 2a, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - George McGlynn
- SNSB, State Collection for Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy, Karolinenplatz 2a, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Joris Peters
- SNSB, State Collection for Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy, Karolinenplatz 2a, 80333 Munich, Germany; Department of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Paleoanatomy, Domestication Research and the History of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Kaulbachstr. 37 III, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Michaela Harbeck
- SNSB, State Collection for Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy, Karolinenplatz 2a, 80333 Munich, Germany
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Scaffidi BK, Tung TA, Gordon G, Alaica AK, González La Rosa LM, Marsteller SJ, Dahlstedt A, Schach E, Knudson KJ. Drinking Locally: A Water 87Sr/86Sr Isoscape for Geolocation of Archeological Samples in the Peruvian Andes. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Croix S, Frei KM, Sindbæk SM, Søvsø M. Individual geographic mobility in a Viking-Age emporium-Burial practices and strontium isotope analyses of Ribe's earliest inhabitants. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237850. [PMID: 32853240 PMCID: PMC7451598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual geographic mobility is a key social dynamic of early Viking-Age urbanization in Scandinavia. We present the first comprehensive geographic mobility study of Scandinavia’s earliest emporium, Ribe, which emerged around AD 700 in the North Sea region of Denmark. This article presents the results of strontium isotope analyses of 21 individuals buried at Ribe, combined with an in-depth study of the varied cultural affinities reflected by the burial practices. In order to investigate geographic mobility in early life/childhood, we sampled multiple teeth and/or petrous bone of individuals, which yielded a total of 43 strontium isotope analyses. Most individuals yielded strontium isotope values that fell within a relatively narrow range, between 87Sr/86Sr = 0.709 to 0.711. Only two individuals yielded values >87Sr/86Sr = 0.711. This suggests that most of these individuals had local origins but some had cultural affinities beyond present-day Denmark. Our results raise new questions concerning our understanding of the social and cultural dynamics behind the urbanization of Scandinavia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Croix
- Centre for Urban Network Evolutions (UrbNet), School of Culture and Society, Aarhus University, Højbjerg, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Søren Michael Sindbæk
- Centre for Urban Network Evolutions (UrbNet), School of Culture and Society, Aarhus University, Højbjerg, Denmark
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García-Rivero D, Taylor R, Umbelino C, Price TD, García- Viñas E, Bernáldez-Sánchez E, Pérez-Jordà G, Peña-Chocarro L, Barrera-Cruz M, Gibaja-Bao JF, Díaz-Rodríguez MJ, Monteiro P, Vera-Rodríguez JC, Pérez-González J. The exceptional finding of Locus 2 at Dehesilla Cave and the Middle Neolithic ritual funerary practices of the Iberian Peninsula. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236961. [PMID: 32790702 PMCID: PMC7425899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a significant number of funerary contexts for the Early Neolithic in the Iberian Peninsula, and the body of information is much larger for the Late Neolithic. In contrast, the archaeological information available for the period in between (ca. 4800-4400/4200 cal BC) is scarce. This period, generally called Middle Neolithic, is the least well-known of the peninsular Neolithic sequence, and at present there is no specific synthesis on this topic at the peninsular scale. In 2017, an exceptional funerary context was discovered at Dehesilla Cave (Sierra de Cádiz, Southern Iberian Peninsula), providing radiocarbon dates which place it at the beginning of this little-known Middle Neolithic period, specifically between ca. 4800-4550 cal BC. Locus 2 is a deposition constituted by two adult human skulls and the skeleton of a very young sheep/goat, associated with stone structures and a hearth, and a number of pots, stone and bone tools and charred plant remains. The objectives of this paper are, firstly, to present the new archaeological context documented at Dehesilla Cave, supported by a wide range of data provided by interdisciplinary methods. The dataset is diverse in nature: stratigraphic, osteological, isotopic, zoological, artifactual, botanical and radiocarbon results are presented together. Secondly, to place this finding within the general context of the contemporaneous sites known in the Iberian Peninsula through a systematic review of the available evidence. This enables not only the formulation of explanations of the singular new context, but also to infer the possible ritual funerary behaviours and practices in the 5th millennium cal BC in the Iberian Peninsula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel García-Rivero
- Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Ruth Taylor
- Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Cláudia Umbelino
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, Department of Life Sciences, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - T. Douglas Price
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | - María Barrera-Cruz
- Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | | | | | - Patricia Monteiro
- Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behavior, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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Knipper C, Koncz I, Ódor JG, Mende BG, Rácz Z, Kraus S, van Gyseghem R, Friedrich R, Vida T. Coalescing traditions-Coalescing people: Community formation in Pannonia after the decline of the Roman Empire. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231760. [PMID: 32348315 PMCID: PMC7190109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The decline of the Roman rule caused significant political instability and led to the emergence of various ‘Barbarian’ powers. While the names of the involved groups appeared in written sources, it is largely unknown how these changes affected the daily lives of the people during the 5th century AD. Did late Roman traditions persist, did new customs emerge, and did both amalgamate into new cultural expressions? A prime area to investigate these population and settlement historical changes is the Carpathian Basin (Hungary). Particularly, we studied archaeological and anthropological evidence, as well as radiogenic and stable isotope ratios of strontium, carbon, and nitrogen of human remains from 96 graves at the cemetery of Mözs-Icsei dűlő. Integrated data analysis suggests that most members of the founder generation at the site exhibited burial practises of late Antique traditions, even though they were heterogeneous regarding their places of origin and dietary habits. Furthermore, the isotope data disclosed a nonlocal group of people with similar dietary habits. According to the archaeological evidence, they joined the community a few decades after the founder generation and followed mainly foreign traditions with artificial skull modification as their most prominent characteristic. Moreover, individuals with modified skulls and late Antique grave attributes attest to deliberate cultural amalgamation, whereas burials of largely different isotope ratios underline the recipient habitus of the community. The integration of archaeological and bioarchaeological information at the individual level discloses the complex coalescence of people and traditions during the 5th century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Knipper
- Curt-Engelhorn-Center Archaeometery gGmbH, Mannheim, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - István Koncz
- Institute of Archaeological Sciences, ELTE–Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Balázs Gusztáv Mende
- Research Centre for the Humanities, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Rácz
- Institute of Archaeological Sciences, ELTE–Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sandra Kraus
- Curt-Engelhorn-Center Archaeometery gGmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Ronny Friedrich
- Curt-Engelhorn-Center Archaeometery gGmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tivadar Vida
- Institute of Archaeological Sciences, ELTE–Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Research Centre for the Humanities, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Ladegaard-Pedersen P, Achilleos M, Dörflinger G, Frei R, Kristiansen K, Frei KM. A strontium isotope baseline of Cyprus. Assessing the use of soil leachates, plants, groundwater and surface water as proxies for the local range of bioavailable strontium isotope composition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 708:134714. [PMID: 31787293 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a strontium isotope baseline for Cyprus is presented. The aim of the study was two-fold; first to provide an environmental multi-proxy-based baseline (water/plants/soil leachates) suitable for archaeological provenance and mobility studies, food source authentication, and forensic investigations; and second, to contribute to the debate around which proxy (or combination of proxies) might be most suitable to define bioavailable fractions of strontium in geologically complex areas also exposed to sea-spray and other Sr-bearing aerosols. Lowest bioavailable strontium isotope signatures range is found within terranes dominated by ophiolites, where 87Sr/86Sr ratios range from 0.7055 to 0.7081, however, results reveal a high degree of variability in bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr ratios, both spatially, along depth profiles and amongst the different proxies. A narrower range of bioavailable Sr isotope signatures is observed within the Circum Troodos Sedimentary Successions (C.T.S.S.), both in spatial distribution and between different proxies. Observed range is 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7079 to 0.7089 in areas dominated by pre-Quaternary C.T.S.S., and 87Sr/86Sr ratios = 0.7076 to 0.7086 in areas covered by Quaternary C.T.S.S., revealing the lithologies to be very homogenous with respect to bioavailable strontium ratios. Intra-site variations in three archaeological sites (multiple samples from each site from within a 500 m radius) within the pre-Quaternary and Quaternary C.T.S.S. are smaller than inter-site variations, suggesting that tracing studies inferred from baselines sampled within a limited spatial area could lead to erroneous conclusions regarding provenance. The study points to the necessity for conducting multi-proxy, spatially extensive sampling to adequately characterize complex geological areas, if these should serve as reliable reference areas in provenance studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Ladegaard-Pedersen
- National Museum of Denmark, Department of Research, Collections and Conservation, Environmental Archaeology and Materials Science, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Maria Achilleos
- Republic of Cyprus, Water Development Department, 100-110 Kennenty Avenue, Pallouriotissa, 1047 Lefkosia, Cyprus
| | - Gerald Dörflinger
- Republic of Cyprus, Water Development Department, 100-110 Kennenty Avenue, Pallouriotissa, 1047 Lefkosia, Cyprus
| | - Robert Frei
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Kristiansen
- Department of Historical Studies, University of Gothenburg, Eklandagatan 86, 412 61 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Margarita Frei
- National Museum of Denmark, Department of Research, Collections and Conservation, Environmental Archaeology and Materials Science, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
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Frei R, Frei KM, Jessen S. Shallow retardation of the strontium isotope signal of agricultural liming - implications for isoscapes used in provenance studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 706:135710. [PMID: 31787292 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An intensified debate centers on the use of strontium isotopes in surface water run-off as archive for bioavailable signatures in prehistoric provenance studies. Its use has been challenged by a recent suggestion that modern agricultural liming of farmlands exerts a serious imprint on the strontium isotope compositions of these waters. We here present results from a soil profile beneath agricultural farmland in the glaciogenic outwash plain of central West Jutland, Denmark, which show that strontium and its isotope composition derived from lime products is efficiently retained near the surface. Pore waters and bioavailable strontium from the acidic zone below the surface soil depict strontium isotope signatures that can best be explained by a mixture of silicate-derived and relic natural (not agriculturally added) carbonate-derived strontium. We therefore argue that agricultural liming does not contaminate groundwaters and groundwater-supported surface waters, rendering reference maps based on them relevant for modern and past provenance studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Frei
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - K M Frei
- National Museum of Denmark, Department of Research, Collections and Conservation, Environmental Archaeology and Materials Science, I.C. Modewegsvej, Brede, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - S Jessen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hamilton M, Nelson SV, Fernandez DP, Hunt KD. Detecting riparian habitat preferences in "savanna" chimpanzees and associated Fauna with strontium isotope ratios: Implications for reconstructing habitat use by the chimpanzee-human last common ancestor. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2019; 170:551-564. [PMID: 31633810 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Riparian or gallery forests are critical habitats for numerous plants and animals today. Paleoanthropologically, reliance on such habitats informs behavioral and ecological reconstructions; for example, gallery forest habitats likely played a critical role in the transition from ape to hominin in the early Pliocene and may represent a preferred habitat for the last common ancestor of chimpanzees and humans. Direct indicators for gallery forest habitats preference are lacking. The objective of this article is to assess whether strontium isotope ratios are a reliable indicator of habitat preference for fauna living in and around gallery forests. MATERIALS AND METHODS We report bioavailable strontium isotope ratios from the Mugiri River, its tributaries, and its gallery forest (Toro-Semliki Wildlife Reserve, southwestern Uganda), and compare them to surrounding savanna-grassland values. We compare these environmental values to strontium isotopes ratios in faunal tooth enamel to determine if habitat preferences are accurately reflected. RESULTS Gallery forest and savanna-grassland vegetations have significantly different strontium isotope ratio profiles. We trace these isotopic differences to the influence of the Mugiri tributaries, which originate on Paleoproterozoic gneiss deposits on top of the surrounding escarpments. These isotopic differences in vegetation are mirrored in the tissues of fauna with habitat preferences for either the gallery forest or the surrounding grasslands. DISCUSSION This research demonstrates the potential of strontium isotope ratios to identify habitat preferences in modern or fossil fauna under proper geologic variability. It provides a methodological model for future studies seeking to reconstruct habitat preferences in early hominins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Hamilton
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Sherry V Nelson
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Diego P Fernandez
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kevin D Hunt
- Bloomington, Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
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Frei KM, Bergerbrant S, Sjögren KG, Jørkov ML, Lynnerup N, Harvig L, Allentoft ME, Sikora M, Price TD, Frei R, Kristiansen K. Mapping human mobility during the third and second millennia BC in present-day Denmark. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219850. [PMID: 31433798 PMCID: PMC6703675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We present results of the largest multidisciplinary human mobility investigation to date of skeletal remains from present-day Denmark encompassing the 3rd and 2nd millennia BC. Through a multi-analytical approach based on 88 individuals from 37 different archaeological localities in which we combine strontium isotope and radiocarbon analyses together with anthropological investigations, we explore whether there are significant changes in human mobility patterns during this period. Overall, our data suggest that mobility of people seems to have been continuous throughout the 3rd and 2nd millennia BC. However, our data also indicate a clear shift in mobility patterns from around 1600 BC onwards, with a larger variation in the geographical origin of the migrants, and potentially including more distant regions. This shift occurred during a transition period at the beginning of the Nordic Bronze Age at a time when society flourished, expanded and experienced an unprecedented economic growth, suggesting that these aspects were closely related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Margarita Frei
- National Museum of Denmark, Department of Research, Collections and Conservation, Environmental Archaeology and Material Science, I.C. Modewegsvej, Brede, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Sophie Bergerbrant
- Institute for Historical Studies, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karl-Göran Sjögren
- Institute for Historical Studies, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marie Louise Jørkov
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Lynnerup
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Harvig
- Department of Archaeological Science and Conservation, Højbjerg, Moesgaard Museum, Denmark
| | - Morten E. Allentoft
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Sikora
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T. Douglas Price
- Institute for Historical Studies, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Laboratory for Archaeological Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Robert Frei
- Department of Geoscience and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Zhao L, Tanaka K, Tazoe H, Iizuka T, Kubota K, Murakami-Sugihara N, Shirai K. Determination of the geographical origin of marine mussels (Mytilus spp.) using 143Nd/ 144Nd ratios. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 148:12-18. [PMID: 31077963 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Geographical traceability of marine bivalves is critical to guarantee their quality and safeguard the interest of both consumers and producers. The neodymium isotopic ratio (143Nd/144Nd) of the coastal water mainly reflects the geology of its neighboring watershed, displaying the distinct and systematic variability at high level of geographical detail and thereby shedding light on its potential as a geochemical tracer. For the first time, the present study investigated the utility and robustness of 143Nd/144Nd archived in mytilid mussel shells for geographical traceability purposes. The reproducibility of 143Nd/144Nd ratios maintained in mussels shells from the same cohort demonstrates that the Nd isotopic ratio meets the major requirement for an ideal geochemical tracer, i.e., the biologically induced variation should be rather minimal. The distribution and variability of mussel shell 143Nd/144Nd patterns were subsequently mapped along the Japanese and Chinese coastal waters. Neodymium isotopes of mussel shells record 143Nd/144Nd variations among local regions and between the two countries, which are rather compatible with the ages and lithology of the continental bedrocks. These findings highlight the great potential of 143Nd/144Nd for tracing the geographical origin of marine bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Zhao
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Tanaka
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tazoe
- Department of Radiation Chemistry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Aomori, 036-8564, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Iizuka
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kubota
- Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Nankoku, 783-8502, Japan
| | | | - Kotaro Shirai
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan
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Aguzzoni A, Bassi M, Robatscher P, Scandellari F, Tirler W, Tagliavini M. Intra- and Intertree Variability of the 87Sr/ 86Sr Ratio in Apple Orchards and Its Correlation with the Soil 87Sr/ 86Sr Ratio. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:5728-5735. [PMID: 31013079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The 87Sr/86Sr ratio of horticultural products mostly derives from that of the bioavailable Sr fraction of the soil where they grow and, therefore, varies according to the local geolithological features. This study investigated the intra- and intertree variability of the 87Sr/86Sr ratio in two apple orchards in South Tyrol and its relation with the soil 87Sr/86Sr ratio. In both orchards, a moderate homogeneity of the 87Sr/86Sr ratio was observed among subsamples of the same tree part (shoot axes, leaves, apple peels, and pulps). Moreover, the 87Sr/86Sr ratio homogeneity among tree parts was high intratree and low intertree. The variability of the 87Sr/86Sr ratio within the tree and within the orchard is explained in light of the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the soil. This 87Sr/86Sr variability within orchards does not preclude its use as a geographical tracer; however, this aspect should be evaluated to correctly design a sampling campaign or to generalize the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Aguzzoni
- Free University of Bolzano , Piazza Università 1 , 39100 Bolzano , Italy
| | | | | | | | - Werner Tirler
- Eco-Research srl , Via Luigi Negrelli 13 , 39100 Bolzano , Italy
| | - Massimo Tagliavini
- Free University of Bolzano , Piazza Università 1 , 39100 Bolzano , Italy
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Giovas CM, Kamenov GD, Krigbaum J. 87Sr/86Sr and 14C evidence for peccary (Tayassuidae) introduction challenges accepted historical interpretation of the 1657 Ligon map of Barbados. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216458. [PMID: 31086373 PMCID: PMC6516659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Contemporary West Indian biodiversity has been shaped by two millennia of non-native species introductions. Understanding the dynamics of this process and its legacy across extended temporal and spatial scales requires accurate knowledge of introduction timing and the species involved. Richard Ligon’s 17th century account and celebrated map of early colonial Barbados records the translocation of several Old World species to the island in the post-contact era, including pigs (Sus scrofa) believed to have been released by passing sailors the century prior. Here we challenge this long-accepted historical narrative, presenting evidence that Ligon’s “pigs” were in fact peccaries, a New World continental mammal often confused with wild boars. We document the first recorded instance of non-native peccary (Tayassuidae) on Barbados based on a securely identified mandibular specimen from a historic archaeological context. Results of specimen 87Sr/86Sr and AMS radiocarbon assays, along with newly reported data from Sr isotope environmental analyses, indicate a local origin dating to AD 1645–1670/1780–1800. These data support the presence of living peccary on Barbados some time during the first 175 years of English settlement, which, based on review of historical and archaeological data, most likely arises from 16th century peccary introduction from the Guianas/Trinidad by the Spanish or Portuguese. We argue dimorphic representations of “pigs” on Ligon’s map reflect the co-occurrence of peccary and European domestic swine on historic Barbados. Our findings overturn conventional history and provide greater taxonomic and chronological resolution for Caribbean bioinvasion studies, helping to refine our understanding of potential ecological impacts. In addition, the new bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr data for Barbados reported here advance current efforts toward mapping the Caribbean Sr isoscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Giovas
- Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - George D. Kamenov
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - John Krigbaum
- Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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Moncel MH, Fernandes P, Willmes M, James H, Grün R. Rocks, teeth, and tools: New insights into early Neanderthal mobility strategies in South-Eastern France from lithic reconstructions and strontium isotope analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214925. [PMID: 30943255 PMCID: PMC6447223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neanderthals had complex land use patterns, adapting to diversified landscapes and climates. Over the past decade, considerable progress has been made in reconstructing the chronology, land use and subsistence patterns, and occupation types of sites in the Rhône Valley, southeast France. In this study, Neanderthal mobility at the site of Payre is investigated by combining information from lithic procurement analysis ("chaîne evolutive" and "chaîne opératoire" concepts) and strontium isotope analysis of teeth (childhood foraging area), from two units (F and G). Both units date to the transition from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 8 to MIS 7, and show similar environmental conditions, but represent contrasting occupation durations. Level Gb (unit G) represents a long-term year-round use, in contrast to short-term seasonal use of the cave in level Fb (unit F). For both levels, lithic material and food were generally collected from a local to semi-local region. However, in level Gb, lithic materials were mainly collected from colluviums and food collected in the valley, whereas in level Fb, lithic procurement focused primarily on alluvial deposits and food was collected from higher elevation plateaus. These procurement or exchange patterns might be related to flint availability, knapping advantages of alluvial flint or occupation duration. The site of Payre is located in a flint rich circulation corridor and the movement of groups or exchanges between groups were organized along a north-south axis on the plateaus or towards the east following the river. The ridges were widely used as they are rich in flint, whereas the Rhône Valley is not an important source of lithic raw materials. Compared to other western European Middle Palaeolithic sites, these results indicate that procurement strategies have a moderate link with occupation types and duration, and with lithic technology. The Sr isotope ratios broadly match the proposed foraging areas, with the Rhône Valley being predominantly used in unit G and the ridges and limestone plateaus in unit F. While lithic reconstructions and childhood foraging are not directly related this suggests that the three analysed Neanderthals spend their childhood in the same general area and supports the idea of mobile Neanderthals in the Rhône Valley and neighbouring higher elevation plateaus. The combination of reconstructing lithic raw material sources, provisioning strategies, and strontium isotope analyses provides new details on how Neanderthals at Payre practised land use and mobility in the Early Middle Palaeolithic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Hélène Moncel
- UMR 7194, CNRS, Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, National Museum of Natural History, 1 rue René Panhard, Paris, France
| | - Paul Fernandes
- SARL Paléotime, Villard-de-Lans, France
- UMR PACEA, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, CS, Pessac, France
- Department of Human of Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Malte Willmes
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, & Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Hannah James
- Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT, Australia
| | - Rainer Grün
- Research Centre for Human Evolution, Griffith University, Nathan QLD, Australia
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Thomsen E, Andreasen R. Agricultural lime disturbs natural strontium isotope variations: Implications for provenance and migration studies. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav8083. [PMID: 30891501 PMCID: PMC6415960 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav8083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The application of 87Sr/86Sr in prehistoric mobility studies requires accurate strontium reference maps. These are often based from present-day surface waters. However, the use of agricultural lime in low to noncalcareous soils can substantially change the 87Sr/86Sr compositions of surface waters. Water unaffected by agriculture in western Denmark has an average 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.7124 as compared to an average of 0.7097 in water from nearby farmland. The 87Sr/86Sr ratio obtained from samples over 1.5 km along a stream, which originates in a forest and flows through lime-treated farmland, decreased from 0.7131 to 0.7099. Thus, 87Sr/86Sr-based mobility and provenance studies in regions with low to noncalcareous soils should be reassessed. For example, reinterpreting the iconic Bronze Age women at Egtved and Skrydstrup using values unaffected by agricultural lime indicates that it is most plausible that these individuals originated close to their burial sites and not far abroad as previously suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rasmus Andreasen
- Department of Geoscience, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Khaska S, Le Gal La Salle C, Sassine L, Bruguier O, Roig B. Innovative isotopic method to evaluate bioaccumulation of As and MTEs in Vitis vinifera. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:1126-1136. [PMID: 30360244 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The transfer of metal and metalloid trace elements (MTEs) from contaminated soil to grapevines is a major issue for grape consumption and for the associated health risks. Based on an isotopic approach, we shed light on the concept of MTE bioavailability. The bioavailable fractions are identified by using the Sr-isotope ratio as a proxy for MTEs. This allows us to differentiate three soil reservoirs: the 'current available fraction' in soil water, the 'reserve available fraction' stored in mineral phases of the soil fractions, and the 'non-available fraction'. The reserve available fraction, representing 10 to 60% of bulk soil depending on the MTE, includes the exchangeable, carbonates, humic substance and oxides fractions. The 87Sr/86Sr isotopic signatures of grape berries and vine leaves show an additional source of MTEs, which is imported by foliar uptake and can contribute up to 10% of the MTEs in leaves. In addition, root-uptake and translocation rates show high accumulation rates of Co, Sn and Cu, and low ones for As, Sb, Zn and Cd. A daily intake between 1 and 3 kg of (dry grapes) would reach the benchmark dose level for a 0.5% (BMDL0.5). While such a daily intake of grapes is unreasonable, consumption of other local vegetables and fruit would contribute to the daily intake. Hence, a chronic arsenic exposure is of great concern for human health in mining areas. We outline the importance of geochemical tracers, such as Sr isotopes, when determining the transfer and translocation of MTEs in plants. Our method presents a high-precision evaluation of the bioavailability and bioaccumulation of MTEs, and a better understanding of these processes in plants, thus leading to a better assessment of the environmental risk on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khaska
- Univ. Nîmes, EA 7352 CHROME, rue du Dr Georges Salan, 30021 Nîmes, France.
| | - C Le Gal La Salle
- Univ. Nîmes, EA 7352 CHROME, rue du Dr Georges Salan, 30021 Nîmes, France
| | - L Sassine
- Univ. Nîmes, EA 7352 CHROME, rue du Dr Georges Salan, 30021 Nîmes, France
| | - O Bruguier
- Géosciences Montpellier, Université Montpellier, cc 060, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34 095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - B Roig
- Univ. Nîmes, EA 7352 CHROME, rue du Dr Georges Salan, 30021 Nîmes, France
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Anders D, Osmanovic A, Vohberger M. Intra- and inter-individual variability of stable strontium isotope ratios in hard and soft body tissues of pigs. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:281-290. [PMID: 30421822 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Stable isotope analysis has become an indispensable tool for the identification of the flow of matter in ecological sciences. Stable strontium isotope ratios are used in several different scientific fields as markers for provenance, mobility, and migration. A crucial prerequisite for such studies is a reliable definition of local ranges and an estimation of expected isotopic variability. METHODS To study the local variability of stable strontium isotope ratios at a specific place, a farrow of ecologically and locally grown pigs was investigated and strontium was extracted from their hard tissues (tooth enamel, bones and bristles) as well as soft tissues (meat, organs and blood) via dry- and wet-ashing procedures and subsequent column separation. The 87 Sr/86 Sr ratio was then measured via TIMS (thermal ionization mass spectrometry). RESULTS Reliable 87 Sr/86 Sr data was generated from all tissue types. Both intra- and inter-individual variability was high and tissue-specific patterns could be identified. High ranges occurred in sample types which were analyzed for animals of different age (pigs as well as piglets): teeth, parietal, mandible, femur, and leg muscle as well as in jaw muscle samples, which were only analyzed in adult pigs. Tooth enamel data showed a tooth-type-dependent pattern. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that a time factor played a role for the observed variability, e.g. a shift in food supply. Furthermore, we presume that local range estimates from the literature only work for tissues which integrate all consumed components over a sufficient amount of time and average fluctuations which can be found in tissues with higher turnover rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Anders
- Biozentrum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshaderner Str. 2, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Amira Osmanovic
- Biozentrum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshaderner Str. 2, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Marina Vohberger
- Biozentrum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshaderner Str. 2, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
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Lengfelder F, Grupe G, Stallauer A, Huth R, Söllner F. Modelling strontium isotopes in past biospheres - Assessment of bioavailable 87Sr/ 86Sr ratios in local archaeological vertebrates based on environmental signatures. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 648:236-252. [PMID: 30118937 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratios in skeletal remains of archaeological vertebrates are used for provenance analysis since long. However, the definition of the past bioavailable isotopic ratio at the site of recovery is not known beforehand and geological maps can provide no more than gross expectations. Therefore, the assessment of the "local Sr isotopic signature" is still of crucial importance. In this study, we present a tool for the prediction of such local isotopic signatures by creating a concentration weighted mixing model that links lithospheric, biospheric, and atmospheric strontium per site. The major strontium sources and their input into an animal's body were assessed by choosing elemental strontium and its isotopic signature in groundwater, soil, vegetation, and precipitation as components for the mixing model, augmented by literature values. The model was applied to 24 sites located in the alpine transect of the Inn-Eisack-Adige-Brenner passage across the European Alps, a passage used since the Mesolithic. Predicted local bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr ratios were compared with measured values from locally excavated archaeozoological bone samples from three taxa of large and mainly residential vertebrates (cattle, pig, red deer) to verify the models' accuracy. With regard to the fact that the environmental samples predict the past local bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr at a specific site while the vertebrates had different and species-specific home ranges, thereby integrating strontium from a region of primarily unknown size, the model is capable of assigning reasonable expectation values. For 11 sites, up to 100% of the vertebrate isotopic signatures were correctly predicted. Mismatches at the remaining sites are explainable by special environmental factors, and also the fact that some import of animals can never be excluded beforehand. Suggestions for site-specific adjustments of the model are made.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gisela Grupe
- Biocenter, LMU Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Annette Stallauer
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Hochschule Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, Markgrafenstr. 16, 91746 Weidenbach, Germany
| | - Rudolf Huth
- Biomass Institute, Hochschule Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, Markgrafenstr. 16, 91746 Weidenbach, Germany
| | - Frank Söllner
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Geology, LMU Munich, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany
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50
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Cavazzuti C, Skeates R, Millard AR, Nowell G, Peterkin J, Bernabò Brea M, Cardarelli A, Salzani L. Flows of people in villages and large centres in Bronze Age Italy through strontium and oxygen isotopes. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209693. [PMID: 30625174 PMCID: PMC6326466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates to what extent Bronze Age societies in Northern Italy were permeable accepting and integrating non-local individuals, as well as importing a wide range of raw materials, commodities, and ideas from networks spanning continental Europe and the Mediterranean. During the second millennium BC, the communities of Northern Italy engaged in a progressive stabilization of settlements, culminating in the large polities of the end of the Middle/beginning of the Late Bronze Age pivoted around large defended centres (the Terramare). Although a wide range of exotic archaeological materials indicates that the inhabitants of the Po plain increasingly took part in the networks of Continental European and the Eastern Mediterranean, we should not overlook the fact that the dynamics of interaction were also extremely active on local and regional levels. Mobility patterns have been explored for three key-sites, spanning the Early to Late Bronze Age (1900-1100 BC), namely Sant'Eurosia, Casinalbo and Fondo Paviani, through strontium and oxygen isotope analysis on a large sample size (more than 100 individuals). The results, integrated with osteological and archaeological data, document for the first time in this area that movements of people occurred mostly within a territorial radius of 50 km, but also that larger nodes in the settlement system (such as Fondo Paviani) included individuals from more distant areas. This suggests that, from a demographic perspective, the process towards a more complex socio-political system in Bronze Age Northern Italy was triggered by a largely, but not completely, internal process, stemming from the dynamics of intra-polity networks and local/regional power relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Cavazzuti
- Durham University, Department of Archaeology, Durham, United Kingdom
- Istituto Centrale per la Demoetnoantropologia, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Robin Skeates
- Durham University, Department of Archaeology, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R. Millard
- Durham University, Department of Archaeology, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey Nowell
- Durham University, Department of Earth Science, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Peterkin
- Durham University, Department of Earth Science, Durham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrea Cardarelli
- Università di Roma, ‘La Sapienza’, Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Antichità, Rome, Italy
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