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Gonçalves S, Feckler A, Pollitt A, Baschien C, Michael J, Schreiner VC, Zubrod JP, Bundschuh M. Elevated Fungicide and Nutrient Concentrations Change Structure but not Function of Aquatic Microbial Communities. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024; 43:1300-1311. [PMID: 38695738 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Leaf decomposition is a key process in stream ecosystems within forested catchments; it is driven by microbial communities, particularly fungi and bacteria. These microorganisms make nutrients and energy bound in leaves available for wider parts of the food web. Leaf-associated microorganisms are subjected to anthropogenic pressures, such as the increased exposure to nutrients and fungicides associated with land-use change. We assessed the sensitivity of leaf-associated microbial communities with differing exposure histories, namely, from pristine (P) streams, and streams impacted by wastewater (W) and agricultural run-off (vineyards; V). In the laboratory, microbial communities were exposed to elevated nutrient (NO3-N: 0.2-18.0 mg/L, PO4-P: 0.02-1.8 mg/L) and fungicide concentrations (sum concentration 0-300 µg/L) in a fully crossed 3 × 4 × 4-factorial design over 21 days. Leaf decomposition and exoenzyme activity were measured as functional endpoints, and fungal community composition and microbial abundance served as structural variables. Overall, leaf decomposition did not differ between fungicide treatments or exposure histories. Nonetheless, substantial changes in the fungal community composition were observed after exposure to environmentally relevant fungicide concentrations. Elevated nutrient concentrations assisted leaf decomposition, and the effect size depended on the exposure history. The observed changes in the fungal community composition support the principle of functional redundancy, with highly efficient decomposers maintaining leaf decomposition. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1300-1311. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gonçalves
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
- Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Sciences and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Feckler
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
- Eußerthal Ecosystem Research Station (EERES), RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Annika Pollitt
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Christiane Baschien
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Julian Michael
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Verena C Schreiner
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | | | - Mirco Bundschuh
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden
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2
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Pimentão AR, Cuco AP, Pascoal C, Cássio F, Castro BB. Current trends and mismatches on fungicide use and assessment of the ecological effects in freshwater ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123678. [PMID: 38447649 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Despite increasing evidence of off-site ecological impacts of pesticides and policy efforts worldwide, pesticide use is still far from being ecologically sustainable. Fungicides are among the most sold classes of pesticides and are crucial to ensure global food supply and security. This study aimed to identify potential gaps of knowledge and mismatches between research and usage data of fungicides by: (i) systematizing the current trends in global sales of fungicides, focusing on the European context in particular (where they are proportionally important); (ii) reviewing the scientific literature on the impacts of synthetic fungicides on non-target freshwater organisms. Sales data revealed important global and regional asymmetries in the relative importance of fungicides and the preferred active ingredients. The literature review on the ecological effects of fungicides disclosed a mismatch between the most studied and the most sold substances, as well as a bias towards the use of single species assays with standard test organisms. To ensure a proper evaluation, risk scenarios should focus on a regional scale, and research agendas must highlight sensitive aquatic ecorreceptors and improve the crosstalk between analytical and sales data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Pimentão
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Aquatic Research Network (ARNET), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Patrícia Cuco
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Aquatic Research Network (ARNET), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Pascoal
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Aquatic Research Network (ARNET), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Cássio
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Aquatic Research Network (ARNET), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Bruno B Castro
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Aquatic Research Network (ARNET), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
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Nowell LH, Moran PW, Waite IR, Schmidt TS, Bradley PM, Mahler BJ, Van Metre PC. Multiple lines of evidence point to pesticides as stressors affecting invertebrate communities in small streams in five United States regions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:169634. [PMID: 38272727 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Multistressor studies were performed in five regions of the United States to assess the role of pesticides as stressors affecting invertebrate communities in wadable streams. Pesticides and other chemical and physical stressors were measured in 75 to 99 streams per region for 4 weeks, after which invertebrate communities were surveyed (435 total sites). Pesticides were sampled weekly in filtered water, and once in bed sediment. The role of pesticides as a stressor to invertebrate communities was assessed by evaluating multiple lines of evidence: toxicity predictions based on measured pesticide concentrations, multivariate models and other statistical analyses, and previously published mesocosm experiments. Toxicity predictions using benchmarks and species sensitivity distributions and statistical correlations suggested that pesticides were present at high enough concentrations to adversely affect invertebrate communities at the regional scale. Two undirected techniques-boosted regression tree models and distance-based linear models-identified which pesticides were predictors of (respectively) invertebrate metrics and community composition. To put insecticides in context with known, influential covariates of invertebrate response, generalized additive models were used to identify which individual pesticide(s) were important predictors of invertebrate community condition in each region, after accounting for natural covariates. Four insecticides were identified as stressors to invertebrate communities at the regional scale: bifenthrin, chlordane, fipronil and its degradates, and imidacloprid. Fipronil was particularly important in the Southeast region, and imidacloprid, bifenthrin, and chlordane were important in multiple regions. For imidacloprid, bifenthrin, and fipronil, toxicity predictions were supported by mesocosm experiments that demonstrated adverse effects on naïve aquatic communities when dosed under controlled conditions. These multiple lines of evidence do not prove causality-which is challenging in the field under multistressor conditions-but they make a strong case for the role of insecticides as stressors adversely affecting invertebrate communities in streams within the five sampled regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa H Nowell
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, Placer Hall, 6000 J St., Sacramento, CA 95819, USA.
| | - Patrick W Moran
- U.S. Geological Survey, Washington Water Science Center, 934 Broadway, Suite 300, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA
| | - Ian R Waite
- U.S. Geological Survey, Oregon Water Science Center, 601 SW 2nd Ave. Suite 1950, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA
| | - Travis S Schmidt
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center, 3162 Bozeman Ave., Helena, MT 59601, USA
| | - Paul M Bradley
- U.S. Geological Survey, South Atlantic Water Science Center, 720 Gracern Rd., Suite 129, Columbia, SC 29210, USA
| | - Barbara J Mahler
- U.S. Geological Survey, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center, 1505 Ferguson Lane, Austin, TX 78754, USA
| | - Peter C Van Metre
- U.S. Geological Survey, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center, 1505 Ferguson Lane, Austin, TX 78754, USA
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4
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Gonçalves S, Pollitt A, Pietz S, Feckler A, Bundschuh M. Microbial community history and leaf species shape bottom-up effects in a freshwater shredding amphipod. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168926. [PMID: 38029985 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Arable land use and the associated application of agrochemicals can affect local freshwater communities with consequences for the entire ecosystem. For instance, the structure and function of leaf-associated microbial communities can be affected by pesticides, such as fungicides. Additionally, the leaf species on which these microbial communities grow reflects another environmental filter for community structure. These factors and their interaction may jointly modify leaves' nutritional quality for higher trophic levels. To test this assumption, we studied the structure of leaf-associated microbial communities with distinct exposure histories (pristine [P] vs vineyard run off [V]) colonising two leaf species (black alder, European beech, and a mixture thereof). By offering these differently colonised leaves as food to males and females of the leaf-shredding amphipod Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea; Amphipoda) we assessed for potential bottom-up effects. The growth rate, feeding rate, faeces production and neutral lipid fatty acid profile of the amphipod served as response variable in a 2 × 3 × 2-factorial test design over 21d. A clear separation of community history (P vs V), leaf species and an interaction between the two factors was observed for the leaf-associated aquatic hyphomycete (i.e., fungal) community. Sensitive fungal species were reduced by up to 70 % in the V- compared to P-community. Gammarus' growth rate, feeding rate and faeces production were affected by the factor leaf species. Growth was negatively affected when Gammarus were fed with beech leaves only, whereas the impact of alder and the mixture of both leaf species was sex-specific. Overall, this study highlights that leaf species identity had a more substantial impact on gammarids relative to the microbial community itself. Furthermore, the sex-specificity of the observed effects (excluding fatty acid profile, which was only measured for male) questions the procedure of earlier studies, that is using either only one sex or not being able to differentiate between males and females. However, these results need additional verification to support a reliable extrapolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gonçalves
- iES Landau, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany; Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Sciences and technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Annika Pollitt
- iES Landau, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Sebastian Pietz
- iES Landau, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Alexander Feckler
- iES Landau, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany; Eußerthal Ecosystem Research Station, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Birkenthalstraße 13, 76857 Eußerthal, Germany
| | - Mirco Bundschuh
- iES Landau, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany; Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
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5
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Pesce S, Mamy L, Sanchez W, Artigas J, Bérard A, Betoulle S, Chaumot A, Coutellec MA, Crouzet O, Faburé J, Hedde M, Leboulanger C, Margoum C, Martin-Laurent F, Morin S, Mougin C, Munaron D, Nélieu S, Pelosi C, Leenhardt S. The use of copper as plant protection product contributes to environmental contamination and resulting impacts on terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity and ecosystem functions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-32145-z. [PMID: 38324154 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32145-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Copper-based plant protection products (PPPs) are widely used in both conventional and organic farming, and to a lesser extent for non-agricultural maintenance of gardens, greenspaces, and infrastructures. The use of copper PPPs adds to environmental contamination by this trace element. This paper aims to review the contribution of these PPPs to the contamination of soils and waters by copper in the context of France (which can be extrapolated to most of the European countries), and the resulting impacts on terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity, as well as on ecosystem functions. It was produced in the framework of a collective scientific assessment on the impacts of PPPs on biodiversity and ecosystem services in France. Current science shows that copper, which persists in soils, can partially transfer to adjacent aquatic environments (surface water and sediment) and ultimately to the marine environment. This widespread contamination impacts biodiversity and ecosystem functions, chiefly through its effects on phototrophic and heterotrophic microbial communities, and terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates. Its effects on other biological groups and biotic interactions remain relatively under-documented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laure Mamy
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | | | - Joan Artigas
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome Et Environnement (LMGE), 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Annette Bérard
- INRAE, Avignon Université, UMR EMMAH, 84000, Avignon, France
| | - Stéphane Betoulle
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Normandie Université, ULH, INERIS, SEBIO, UMR-I 02, 51100, Reims, France
| | | | - Marie-Agnès Coutellec
- DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), INRAE, Institut Agro-Agrocampus Ouest, IFREMER, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Crouzet
- OFB, Direction Recherche Et Appui Scientifique, Service Santé-Agri, 78610, Auffargis, France
| | - Juliette Faburé
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | | | | | | | - Fabrice Martin-Laurent
- Agroécologie, Institut Agro, INRAE, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 21110, Dijon, France
| | | | - Christian Mougin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | | | - Sylvie Nélieu
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Céline Pelosi
- INRAE, Avignon Université, UMR EMMAH, 84000, Avignon, France
| | - Sophie Leenhardt
- INRAE, Directorate for Collective Scientific Assessment, Foresight and Advanced Studies, 75338, Paris, France
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6
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Lorenz S. Sediment characteristics mediate mixture effect of metconazole and thiacloprid on the activity behavior of the amphipod Hyalella azteca. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 266:106781. [PMID: 38043484 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide mixtures occur frequently in freshwaters. Here, pesticides can persist over long periods and alter aquatic communities and ecosystems by causing chronic indirect effects. Particularly effects on activity behavior of organisms can be considered as starting points of cascading effects as they provide the basis for further sublethal responses such as reproduction or feeding. Therefore, the impact of two pesticides in combination, the fungicide metconazole and the insecticide thiacloprid, was evaluated on the immobilization and activity behavior of Hyalella azteca with varying sediment conditions. The results showed a change from additive effects to synergism in the mobility tests for sediment with higher contents of total carbon but not for the activity behavior tests using a Multispecies Freshwater Biomonitoring system. However, sediments with high carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous contents led to comparable activity behavior of H. azteca to control conditions after three days of contaminant exposure which was not the case in all other treatments. The autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) forecast approach used showed that this activity behavior remained constant after recovery to pre-exposure levels at least for a time period of 16 h. This study showed that mobility and activity of H. azteca are largely affected by the exposure to pesticides, which is mediated by the structure of the sediment. However, further studies are needed that test activity behavior impairments in environments where the individuals are in direct contact with the sediment that may buffer the pesticide exposure from the water column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Lorenz
- Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Julius Kühn Institute, Königin-Luise-Str. 19, Berlin 14195, Germany.
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7
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Morin S, Artigas J. Twenty Years of Research in Ecosystem Functions in Aquatic Microbial Ecotoxicology. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:1867-1888. [PMID: 37401851 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
One of the major threats to freshwater biodiversity is water pollution including excessive loads of nutrients, pesticides, industrial chemicals, and/or emerging contaminants. The widespread use of organic pesticides for agricultural and nonagricultural (industry, gardening, etc.) purposes has resulted in the presence of their residues in various environments, including surface waters. However, the contribution of pesticides to the deterioration of freshwater ecosystems (i.e., biodiversity decline and ecosystem functions impairment) remains uncertain. Once in the aquatic environment, pesticides and their metabolites can interact with microbial communities, causing undesirable effects. The existing legislation on ecological quality assessment of water bodies in Europe is based on water chemical quality and biological indicator species (Water Framework Directive, Pesticides Directive), while biological functions are not yet included in monitoring programs. In the present literature review, we analyze 20 years (2000-2020) of research on ecological functions provided by microorganisms in aquatic ecosystems. We describe the set of ecosystem functions investigated in these studies and the range of endpoints used to establish causal relationships between pesticide exposure and microbial responses. We focus on studies addressing the effects of pesticides at environmentally realistic concentrations and at the microbial community level to inform the ecological relevance of the ecotoxicological assessment. Our literature review highlights that most studies were performed using benthic freshwater organisms and that autotrophic and heterotrophic communities are most often studied separately, usually testing the pesticides that target the main microbial component (i.e., herbicides for autotrophs and fungicides for heterotrophs). Overall, most studies demonstrate deleterious impacts on the functions studied, but our review points to the following shortcomings: (1) the nonsystematic analysis of microbial functions supporting aquatic ecosystems functioning, (2) the study of ecosystem functions (i.e., nutrient cycling) via proxies (i.e., potential extracellular enzymatic activity measurements) which are sometimes disconnected from the current ecosystem functions, and (3) the lack of consideration of chronic exposures to assess the impact of, adaptations to, or recovery of aquatic microbial communities from pesticides. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1867-1888. © 2023 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joan Artigas
- Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Schreiner VC, Liebmann L, Feckler A, Liess M, Link M, Schneeweiss A, Truchy A, von Tümpling W, Vormeier P, Weisner O, Schäfer RB, Bundschuh M. Standard Versus Natural: Assessing the Impact of Environmental Variables on Organic Matter Decomposition in Streams Using Three Substrates. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:2007-2018. [PMID: 36718721 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The decomposition of allochthonous organic matter, such as leaves, is a crucial ecosystem process in low-order streams. Microbial communities, including fungi and bacteria, colonize allochthonous organic material, break up large molecules, and increase the nutritional value for macroinvertebrates. Environmental variables are known to affect microbial as well as macroinvertebrate communities and alter their ability to decompose organic matter. Studying the relationship between environmental variables and decomposition has mainly been realized using leaves, with the drawbacks of differing substrate composition and consequently between-study variability. To overcome these drawbacks, artificial substrates have been developed, serving as standardizable surrogates. In the present study, we compared microbial and total decomposition of leaves with the standardized substrates of decotabs and, only for microbial decomposition, of cotton strips, across 70 stream sites in a Germany-wide study. Furthermore, we identified the most influential environmental variables for the decomposition of each substrate from a range of 26 variables, including pesticide toxicity, concentrations of nutrients, and trace elements, using stability selection. The microbial as well as total decomposition of the standardized substrates (i.e., cotton strips and decotabs) were weak or not associated with that of the natural substrate (i.e., leaves, r² < 0.01 to r² = 0.04). The decomposition of the two standardized substrates, however, showed a moderate association (r² = 0.21), which is probably driven by their similar composition, with both being made of cellulose. Different environmental variables were identified as the most influential for each of the substrates and the directions of these relationships contrasted between the substrates. Our results imply that these standardized substrates are unsuitable surrogates when investigating the decomposition of allochthonous organic matter in streams. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2007-2018. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena C Schreiner
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Liana Liebmann
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Department Evolutionary Ecology & Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Diversity and Evolution, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexander Feckler
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
- Eusserthal Ecosystem Research Station, RPTU Kaisterslautern-Landau, Eusserthal, Germany
| | - Matthias Liess
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Moritz Link
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Anke Schneeweiss
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Amélie Truchy
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- INRAE, Centre Lyon-Grenoble Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Philipp Vormeier
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Oliver Weisner
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf B Schäfer
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Mirco Bundschuh
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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9
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Bertrans-Tubau L, Menard Y, Batisson I, Creusot N, Mazzella N, Millan-Navarro D, Moreira A, Morin S, Ponsá S, Abril M, Proia L, Romaní AM, Artigas J. Dissipation of pesticides by stream biofilms is influenced by hydrological histories. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad083. [PMID: 37480243 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of hydrological variability on pesticide dissipation capacity by stream biofilms, we conducted a microcosm study. We exposed biofilms to short and frequent droughts (daily frequency), long and less frequent droughts (weekly frequency) and permanently immersed controls, prior to test their capacities to dissipate a cocktail of pesticides composed of tebuconazole, terbuthylazine, imidacloprid, glyphosate and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid. A range of structural and functional descriptors of biofilms (algal and bacterial biomass, extracellular polymeric matrix (EPS) concentration, microbial respiration, phosphorus uptake and community-level physiological profiles) were measured to assess drought effects. In addition, various parameters were measured to characterise the dynamics of pesticide dissipation by biofilms in the different hydrological treatments (% dissipation, peak asymmetry, bioconcentration factor, among others). Results showed higher pesticide dissipation rates in biofilms exposed to short and frequent droughts, despite of their lower biomass and EPS concentration, compared to biofilms in immersed controls or exposed to long and less frequent droughts. High accumulation of hydrophobic pesticides (tebuconazole and terbuthylazine) was measured in biofilms despite the short exposure time (few minutes) in our open-flow microcosm approach. This research demonstrated the stream biofilms capacity to adsorb hydrophobic pesticides even in stressed drought environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Bertrans-Tubau
- BETA Technological Centre- University of Vic-Central University of Catalunya (BETA-UVic-UCC), Carretera de Roda 70, 08500 Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yoann Menard
- CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne, Campus Universitaire des Cézeaux, 1 Impasse Amélie Murat. F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Isabelle Batisson
- CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne, Campus Universitaire des Cézeaux, 1 Impasse Amélie Murat. F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Soizic Morin
- INRAE, UR EABX, 50 avenue de Verdun, F-33612 Cestas, France
| | - Sergio Ponsá
- BETA Technological Centre- University of Vic-Central University of Catalunya (BETA-UVic-UCC), Carretera de Roda 70, 08500 Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Abril
- BETA Technological Centre- University of Vic-Central University of Catalunya (BETA-UVic-UCC), Carretera de Roda 70, 08500 Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Proia
- BETA Technological Centre- University of Vic-Central University of Catalunya (BETA-UVic-UCC), Carretera de Roda 70, 08500 Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna M Romaní
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17005 Girona, Spain
| | - Joan Artigas
- CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne, Campus Universitaire des Cézeaux, 1 Impasse Amélie Murat. F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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10
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Gonçalves S, Post R, Konschak M, Zubrod J, Feckler A, Bundschuh M. Leaf Species-Dependent Fungicide Effects on the Function and Abundance of Associated Microbial Communities. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 110:92. [PMID: 37160617 PMCID: PMC10169882 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-023-03728-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Microbially-mediated leaf litter decomposition is a critical ecosystem function in running waters within forested areas, which can be affected by fungicides. However, fungicide effects on leaf litter decomposition have been investigated almost exclusively with black alder leaves, a leaf species with traits favourable to consumers (i.e., low recalcitrance and high nutrient content). At the same time, little is known about fungicide effects on microbial colonisation and decomposition of other leaf species with less favourable traits. In this 21 day lasting study, we explore the effects of increasing fungicide sum concentrations (0-3000 µg/L) on microbial colonisation and decomposition of three leaf species (black alder, Norway maple and European beech) differing in terms of recalcitrance and nutrient content. Leaf litter decomposition rate, leaf-associated fungal biomass and bacterial density were quantified to observe potential effects at the functional level. Beech, as the species with the least favourable leaf traits, showed a substantially lower decomposition rate (50%) in absence of fungicides than alder and maple. In the presence of high fungicide concentrations (300-3000 µg/L), beech showed a concentration-related decrease not only in microbial leaf litter decomposition but also fungal biomass. This suggests that favourable traits of leaf litter (as for alder and maple) enable leaf-associated microorganisms to acquire leaf-bound energy more easily to withstand potential effects induced by fungicide exposure. Our results indicate the need to deepen our understanding on how leaf species' traits interact with the impact of chemical stressors on the leaf decomposition activity of microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gonçalves
- iES Landau, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Ruben Post
- iES Landau, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Marco Konschak
- iES Landau, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Jochen Zubrod
- iES Landau, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
- Zubrod Environmental Data Science, Friesenstrasse 20, 76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Alexander Feckler
- iES Landau, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
- Eußerthal Ecosystem Research Station, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Birkenthalstraße 13, 76857, Eußerthal, Germany
| | - Mirco Bundschuh
- iES Landau, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829, Landau, Germany.
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
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11
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Pesce S, Mamy L, Sanchez W, Amichot M, Artigas J, Aviron S, Barthélémy C, Beaudouin R, Bedos C, Bérard A, Berny P, Bertrand C, Bertrand C, Betoulle S, Bureau-Point E, Charles S, Chaumot A, Chauvel B, Coeurdassier M, Corio-Costet MF, Coutellec MA, Crouzet O, Doussan I, Faburé J, Fritsch C, Gallai N, Gonzalez P, Gouy V, Hedde M, Langlais A, Le Bellec F, Leboulanger C, Margoum C, Martin-Laurent F, Mongruel R, Morin S, Mougin C, Munaron D, Nélieu S, Pelosi C, Rault M, Sabater S, Stachowski-Haberkorn S, Sucré E, Thomas M, Tournebize J, Leenhardt S. Main conclusions and perspectives from the collective scientific assessment of the effects of plant protection products on biodiversity and ecosystem services along the land-sea continuum in France and French overseas territories. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-26952-z. [PMID: 37099095 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26952-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Preservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services is critical for sustainable development and human well-being. However, an unprecedented erosion of biodiversity is observed and the use of plant protection products (PPP) has been identified as one of its main causes. In this context, at the request of the French Ministries responsible for the Environment, for Agriculture and for Research, a panel of 46 scientific experts ran a nearly 2-year-long (2020-2022) collective scientific assessment (CSA) of international scientific knowledge relating to the impacts of PPP on biodiversity and ecosystem services. The scope of this CSA covered the terrestrial, atmospheric, freshwater, and marine environments (with the exception of groundwater) in their continuity from the site of PPP application to the ocean, in France and French overseas territories, based on international knowledge produced on or transposable to this type of context (climate, PPP used, biodiversity present, etc.). Here, we provide a brief summary of the CSA's main conclusions, which were drawn from about 4500 international publications. Our analysis finds that PPP contaminate all environmental matrices, including biota, and cause direct and indirect ecotoxicological effects that unequivocally contribute to the decline of certain biological groups and alter certain ecosystem functions and services. Levers for action to limit PPP-driven pollution and effects on environmental compartments include local measures from plot to landscape scales and regulatory improvements. However, there are still significant gaps in knowledge regarding environmental contamination by PPPs and its effect on biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services. Perspectives and research needs are proposed to address these gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laure Mamy
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | | | - Marcel Amichot
- INRAE, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR ISA, Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Joan Artigas
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome Et Environnement (LMGE), 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Stéphanie Aviron
- INRAE, L'Institut Agro, ESA Angers, UMR BAGAP, 35042, Rennes, France
| | | | - Rémy Beaudouin
- INERIS, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Parc ALATA BP2, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Carole Bedos
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Annette Bérard
- INRAE, Avignon Université, UMR EMMAH, 84000, Avignon, France
| | - Philippe Berny
- UR ICE Vetagro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire, 69280, Marcy-L'Etoile, France
| | - Cédric Bertrand
- PSL Université de Paris EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France/S.A.S. AkiNaO, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 3278 CRIOBE66860, Perpignan, France
| | - Colette Bertrand
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Stéphane Betoulle
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Normandie Université, ULH, INERIS, SEBIO, UMR-I 02, Reims, France
| | | | | | - Arnaud Chaumot
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, 69625, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Bruno Chauvel
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Michael Coeurdassier
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR, 6249 CNRS/Université de Franche-Comté, 25000, Besançon, France
| | | | - Marie-Agnès Coutellec
- INRAE, UMR DECOD, Dynamique Et Durabilité Des Écosystèmes: de La Source À L'océan, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Crouzet
- Direction Recherche Et Appui Scientifique, 78610, Auffargis, France
| | - Isabelle Doussan
- CREDECO-GREDEG, CNRS, INRAE, Université Côte d'Azur, 06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Juliette Faburé
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Clémentine Fritsch
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR, 6249 CNRS/Université de Franche-Comté, 25000, Besançon, France
| | | | - Patrice Gonzalez
- EPOC, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5805 CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Pessac, France
| | | | - Mickael Hedde
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, INRAE, IRD, CIRAD, Institut Agro Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandra Langlais
- Laboratoire IODE, Institut Ouest: Droit Et Europe, UMR CNRS 6262, Rennes, France
| | | | | | | | - Fabrice Martin-Laurent
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
| | | | | | - Christian Mougin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | | | - Sylvie Nélieu
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Céline Pelosi
- INRAE, Avignon Université, UMR EMMAH, 84000, Avignon, France
| | - Magali Rault
- Université d'Avignon, Université Aix-Marseille, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Pôle Agrosciences, 84916, Avignon, France
| | - Sergi Sabater
- ICRA, Girona, Spain and Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | | | - Elliott Sucré
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Sète, France
- MARBEC (MARine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France/Centre Universitaire de Formation Et de Recherche de Mayotte (CUFR), 97660, Dembeni, Mayotte, France
| | - Marielle Thomas
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UR AFPA, 54000, Nancy, France
| | | | - Sophie Leenhardt
- INRAE, Directorate for Collective Scientific Assessment, Foresight and Advanced Studies, 75338, Paris, France
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12
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Wang Z, Cébron A, Baillard V, Danger M. Nitrogen to phosphorus ratio shapes the bacterial communities involved in cellulose decomposition and copper contamination alters their stoichiometric demands. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6696375. [PMID: 36095133 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
All living organisms theoretically have an optimal stoichiometric nitrogen: phosphorus (N: P) ratio, below and beyond which their growth is affected, but data remain scarce for microbial decomposers. Here, we evaluated optimal N: P ratios of microbial communities involved in cellulose decomposition and assessed their stability when exposed to copper Cu(II). We hypothesized that (1) cellulose decomposition is maximized for an optimal N: P ratio; (2) copper exposure reduces cellulose decomposition and (3) increases microbial optimal N: P ratio; and (4) N: P ratio and copper modify the structure of microbial decomposer communities. We measured cellulose disc decomposition by a natural inoculum in microcosms exposed to a gradient of N: P ratios at three copper concentrations (0, 1 and 15 µM). Bacteria were most probably the main decomposers. Without copper, cellulose decomposition was maximized at an N: P molar ratio of 4.7. Contrary to expectations, at high copper concentration, the optimal N: P ratio (2.8) and the range of N: P ratios allowing decomposition were significantly reduced and accompanied by a reduction of bacterial diversity. Copper contamination led to the development of tolerant taxa probably less efficient in decomposing cellulose. Our results shed new light on the understanding of multiple stressor effects on microbial decomposition in an increasingly stoichiometrically imbalanced world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Wang
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000, Metz, France
| | - Aurélie Cébron
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | | | - Michael Danger
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000, Metz, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), F-75000, Paris, France
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13
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Phillips H, Cameron E, Eisenhauer N. Illuminating biodiversity changes in the ‘Black Box’. RESEARCH IDEAS AND OUTCOMES 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/rio.8.e87143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil is often described as a ‘black box’, as surprisingly little is known about the high levels of biodiversity that reside there. For aboveground organisms, we have good knowledge of the distribution of the species and how they might change under future human impacts. Yet despite the fact that soil organisms provide a wide variety of ecosystem functions, we have very limited knowledge of their distribution and how their diversity might change in the future. In order to create accurate and generalisable models of biodiversity, the underlying data need to be representative of the entire globe. Yet even with our recently compiled global earthworm dataset of over 11000 sites, there are gaps across large regions. These gaps are consistent across many other datasets of both above- and belowground diversity. In order to fill the gaps we propose a sampling network (SoilFaUNa), to create a comprehensive database of soil macrofauna diversity and soil functions (e.g. decomposition rates). Building on the existing dataset of earthworm diversity and early data from the SoilFaUNa project, we will investigate changes in earthworm diversity. From our current work, we know that both climate and land use are main drivers in predicting earthworm diversity, but both will change under future scenarios and may alter ecosystem functions. We will, using space-for-time substitution models, estimate how earthworm diversity and their functions might change in the future, modelling earthworm diversity as a function of climate, land use and soil properties and predicting based on future scenarios. Previous studies of aboveground diversity changes over time using time-series analysis have found no-net-loss in richness, but analyses have criticisms. We aim to use time-series data on earthworms to move this debate forward, by using data and statistical methods that would address the criticisms, whilst increasing our knowledge on this understudied soil group. Field experiments and micro-/mesocosm experiments have been used to investigate the link between a number of soil organisms and ecosystem functions under few environmental conditions. Meta-analyses, which can produce generalisable results can only answer questions for which there are data. Thus, we have been lacking on information on the link between the entire community of soil fauna and ecosystem functions and impact of changes to the soil fauna community across environmental contexts. Using data collected from the SoilFaUNa project, we will, for the first time, synthesise globally distributed specifically-sampled data to model how changes in the community composition of soil macrofauna (due to changes in land use, climate or soil properties) impact the ecosystem functions in the soil.
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14
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Schneeweiss A, Schreiner VC, Reemtsma T, Liess M, Schäfer RB. Potential propagation of agricultural pesticide exposure and effects to upstream sections in a biosphere reserve. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155688. [PMID: 35525352 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, several studies have shown that pesticides frequently occur above water quality thresholds in small streams draining arable land and are associated with changes in invertebrate communities. However, we know little about the potential propagation of pesticide effects from agricultural stream sections to least impacted stream sections that can serve as refuge areas. We sampled invertebrates and pesticides along six small streams in south-west Germany. In each stream, the sampling was conducted at an agricultural site, at an upstream forest site (later considered as "refuge"), and at a transition zone between forest and agriculture (later considered as "edge"). Pesticide exposure was higher and the proportion of pesticide-sensitive species (SPEARpesticides) was lower in agricultural sites compared to edge and refuge sites. Notwithstanding, at some edge and refuge sites, which were considered as being least impacted, we estimated unexpected pesticide toxicity (sum toxic units) exceeding thresholds at which field studies suggested adverse effects on freshwater invertebrates. We conclude that organisms in forest sections within a few kilometres upstream of agricultural areas can be exposed to ecologically relevant pesticide levels. In addition, although not statistically significant, the abundance of pesticide-sensitive taxa was slightly lower in edge compared to refuge sites, indicating a potential influence of adjacent agriculture. Future studies should further investigate the influence of spatial relationships, such as the distance between refuge and agriculture, for the propagation of pesticide effects and focus on the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Schneeweiss
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany.
| | - Verena C Schreiner
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnéstrasse 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Liess
- Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf B Schäfer
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
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15
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Link M, Schreiner VC, Graf N, Szöcs E, Bundschuh M, Battes KP, Cîmpean M, Sures B, Grabner D, Buse J, Schäfer RB. Pesticide effects on macroinvertebrates and leaf litter decomposition in areas with traditional agriculture. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 828:154549. [PMID: 35302011 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Traditional forms of agriculture have created and preserved heterogeneous landscapes characterized by semi-natural meadows and pastures, which have high conversation value for biodiversity. Landscapes in Central and Eastern European countries with traditional agriculture are a stronghold for pollinators, butterflies and amphibians, which have declined in other parts of Europe. Despite different landscape structures, agriculture-associated pesticide exposure in streams can be similarly high as in Western Europe. This raises the question whether the heterogeneous landscape can buffer a temporary water quality decline by agriculture. We investigated the influence of landscape heterogeneity and water quality, in particular pesticide exposure, on macroinvertebrate communities in 19 small streams in Central Romania. We sampled the macroinvertebrate community, assessed the ecosystem function of leaf litter decomposition and analyzed the parasite prevalence in Baetis sp. and Gammarus balcanicus. No association between pesticide toxicity towards macroinvertebrates and several macroinvertebrate metrics was found. However, the level of pesticide toxicity was generally high, constituting a rather short gradient, and the pesticide indicator SPEARpesticides implied pesticide-driven community change in all sites. Landscape heterogeneity and forested upstream sections were among the most important drivers for the macroinvertebrate metrics, indicating increased dispersal and recolonization success. Agricultural land use in the catchment was negatively associated with vulnerable macroinvertebrate taxa such as Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera. G. balcanicus dominated the shredder taxa and its abundance was positively associated with the pesticide indicator SPEARpesticides. Parasite prevalence in G. balcanicus increased with extensive land use (pastures and forests), whereas it decreased with arable land. Our results suggest that heterogeneous landscapes with structures of low-intensive land use may buffer the effects of agricultural land use and facilitate dispersal and recolonization processes of pesticide-affected macroinvertebrate communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Link
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany.
| | - Verena C Schreiner
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Nadin Graf
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Eduard Szöcs
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Mirco Bundschuh
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Karina P Battes
- Department of Taxonomy and Ecology, Babeş-Bolyai University, 5-7 Clinicilor Str., 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mirela Cîmpean
- Department of Taxonomy and Ecology, Babeş-Bolyai University, 5-7 Clinicilor Str., 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bernd Sures
- Aquatic Ecology and Center for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Daniel Grabner
- Aquatic Ecology and Center for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Jörn Buse
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Ralf B Schäfer
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
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16
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Hall LW, Anderson RD. Assessing annual, seasonal and spatial trends in copper sediment concentrations from a California agricultural waterbody. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2022; 57:386-395. [PMID: 35502608 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2069977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess annual, seasonal and spatial trends in copper sediment concentrations in an agricultural California stream (Cache Slough) based on sampling 12 sites over two seasons (spring and fall) in 2012, 2013 and 2014. The relationship between copper sediment concentrations and precipitation was also evaluated. The results from this study showed that copper sediment concentrations from Cache Slough ranging from 19 to 63 ug/g dw were similar to concentrations reported in European agricultural streams. Copper sediment concentrations were not reported to increase over time in this agricultural waterbody where copper was used as a fungicide. However, spatial differences in copper sediment concentrations were reported among sites with the highest concentrations in the middle waterbody section. Seasonal analysis showed no significant difference in copper sediment concentrations for both spring and fall for 2012 and 2013 but 2014 spring concentrations were statistically higher than fall concentrations when precipitation was lower than the two previous years. There were no statistically significant relationships between copper sediment concentrations and precipitation for the three-year period based on an analysis by year and season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenwood W Hall
- College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Agricultural Experiment Station, Wye Research and Education Center, University of Maryland, Queenstown, Maryland, USA
| | - Ronald D Anderson
- College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Agricultural Experiment Station, Wye Research and Education Center, University of Maryland, Queenstown, Maryland, USA
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17
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Liu Y, Shen Y, Cheng C, Yuan W, Gao H, Guo P. Analysis of the influence paths of land use and landscape pattern on organic matter decomposition in river ecosystems: Focusing on microbial groups. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 817:152999. [PMID: 35031368 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organic matter decomposition (OMD) is one of the important river ecosystem functions. Changes in land use and landscape pattern (LULP) have a serious influence on the OMD in neighboring river ecosystems. However, there is limited information on the influence paths of LULP on organic matter decomposition in river ecosystems. In this study, cotton strip (CS) as a substitute for investigating OMD, was introduced to the delineated catchments in Luanhe River Basin in China, meanwhile combining with remote sensing interpretation, water quality analysis, microbial sequencing, and redundancy analysis (RDA) to identify the dominant LULP metrics, water quality parameters, and microbial groups controlling the OMD. Then the structural equation models (SEMs) were used to connect these dominant controlling factors to track the influence paths of LULP on OMD in river ecosystems. RDA results indicated that construction land (CON), farmland (FAR) and landscape shape index (LSI) in LULP, total nitrogen (TN), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and pH in water quality, bacterial phyla Planctomycetes and Firmicutes, as well as fungal phyla Chytridiomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant factors controlling the OMD (quantified by tensile strength loss (TSL) and respiration (RES)). These four microbial phyla contributed significantly to OMD. SEMs further proposed three paths to explain the mechanism of LULP influencing on OMD, which were CON - TN - Firmicutes - TSL, CON - TN - Chytridiomycota - RES, and FAR - COD - Chytridiomycota - TSL. CON promoted OMD mainly through enhancing TN content in river water to increase Firmicutes and Chytridiomycota. FAR increased Chytridiomycota by decreasing COD in river water, promoting OMD. These results will deepen our understanding of the influence of LULP on river ecosystem functions and provide valuable information for policymakers and managers to carry out watershed land planning and river management in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China; Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Yanping Shen
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Weilin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Hongjie Gao
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, PR China.
| | - Ping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
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Jabiol J, Chauvet E, Guérold F, Bouquerel J, Usseglio-Polatera P, Artigas J, Margoum C, Le Dréau M, Moreira A, Mazzella N, Gouy V. The combination of chemical, structural, and functional indicators to evaluate the anthropogenic impacts on agricultural stream ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:29296-29313. [PMID: 34647214 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16925-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater contamination by pesticides in agricultural landscapes is of increasing concern worldwide, with strong pesticide impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem functions, and ultimately human health (drinking water, fishing). In addition, the excessively large number of substances, as well as their low - and temporally variable - concentrations in water, make the chemical monitoring by grab sampling very demanding and not fully representative of the actual contamination. Tools that integrate temporal variations and that are ecologically relevant are clearly needed to improve the monitoring of freshwater contamination and assess its biological effects. Here, we studied pesticide contamination and its biological impacts in 10 stream sections (sites) belonging to 3 agricultural catchments in France. In each site, we deployed a combination of pesticide integrative samplers, biocenotic indicators based on benthic macroinvertebrates, and functional indicators based on leaf litter decomposition and associated fungal communities. The 3 approaches largely proved complementary: structural and functional indicators did not respond equally to different agricultural impacts such as pesticide contamination (as revealed by integrative samplers), nutrients, or oxygen depletion. Combining chemical, structural, and functional indicators thus seems an excellent strategy to provide a comprehensive picture of agricultural impacts on stream ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Jabiol
- HYFE (Hydrobiologie Et Fonctionnement Des Ecosystèmes), Elven, France.
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, Toulouse, France.
- LIEC (Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Des Environnements Continentaux), Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Metz, France.
- Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome Et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Eric Chauvet
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, Toulouse, France
| | - François Guérold
- LIEC (Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Des Environnements Continentaux), Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Metz, France
| | - Jonathan Bouquerel
- LIEC (Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Des Environnements Continentaux), Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Metz, France
| | - Philippe Usseglio-Polatera
- LIEC (Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Des Environnements Continentaux), Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Metz, France
| | - Joan Artigas
- Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome Et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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19
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Wijntjes C, Weber Y, Höger S, Hollert H, Schäffer A. Effects of algae and fungicides on the fate of a sulfonylurea herbicide in a water-sediment system. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133234. [PMID: 34902390 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The impact of pesticide mixtures on various soil parameters has been extensively studied, whereas research on effects in the aquatic environment is scarce. Furthermore, investigations on the consequences of chemical mixtures on the biodegradation kinetics of parent compounds remain deficient. Our research intended to evaluate potential effects by combined application of an agriculturally employed tank mixture to aquatic sediment systems under controlled laboratory conditions. The mixture contained two fungicides and one radiolabeled herbicide of which the route and rate of degradation was followed. One set of aquatic sediment vessels was incubated in the dark. A second set of vessels was controlled under identical conditions, except for being continuously irradiated to promote algal growth. In addition, the algal biomass in irradiated aquatic sediment was monitored to determine its effects and a potential role in the biodegradation of iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium. The study results showed that the herbicide, although hydro- and photolytically stable throughout the study, metabolized faster (DT50 1.1-1.2-fold and DT90 2.8-4.5-fold) when continuously irradiated in comparison to dark aquatic sediment. Both fungicides had a significant prolonging effect on the biodegradation rate of the herbicide. In the presence of fungicides, DT90 values increased 1.5-fold in the irradiated, and 2.5-fold in the dark systems. Additionally, algae may have influenced the metabolization of the herbicide in the irradiated systems, where shorter DT90 values were evaluated. Even so, the algal influence was concluded to be indirect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan Wijntjes
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany; Innovative Environmental Services (IES) Ltd, Benkenstrasse 260, 4108, Witterswil, Switzerland.
| | - Yanik Weber
- Innovative Environmental Services (IES) Ltd, Benkenstrasse 260, 4108, Witterswil, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Höger
- Innovative Environmental Services (IES) Ltd, Benkenstrasse 260, 4108, Witterswil, Switzerland
| | - Henner Hollert
- Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 13, 60438, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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20
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Schaeffer A, Wijntjes C. Changed degradation behavior of pesticides when present in mixtures. ECO-ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH 2022; 1:23-30. [PMID: 38078198 PMCID: PMC10702894 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Soil microorganisms are indispensable for a healthy soil environment, where the fate of pesticides is contingent on microbial activity. Conversely, soil ecosystems can be distorted by all kinds of variables, such as agrochemicals. These crop protection products have been universally in use for decades in agriculture. In modern crop cultivation, fungicides are increasingly applied because of their high and broad effectivity on plant pathogens. While their use can enhance harvest yields, fungicides, particularly broad-spectrum ones, are responsible for the alteration of the soil microflora. Furthermore, successive and combined application of pesticides is an agronomic routine, which aggravates the concurrent existence of synthetic chemicals in the soil and marine environments. Mutual interactions of such different molecules, or their effects on soil life, can negatively impact the dissipation of biodegradable pesticides from the ecosystems. The direct effects of individual agrochemicals on microbial soil parameters, as well as agronomic efficiency and interactions of mixtures have been thoroughly studied over the past 80 years. The indirect impacts of mixtures on soil and aquatic ecosystems, however, may be overlooked. Moreover, the current regulatory risk assessment of agrochemicals is based on fate investigations of individual substances to derive predicted environmental concentrations, which does not reflect real agricultural scenarios and needs to be updated. In this article, we summarized the results from our own experiments and previous studies, demonstrating that the degradation of pesticides is impacted by the co-existence of fungicides by their effects on microbial and enzymatic activities in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schaeffer
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christiaan Wijntjes
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Innovative Environmental Services (IES) Ltd, Benkenstrasse 260, 4108 Witterswil, Switzerland
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21
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Sabater S, Freixa A, Arias A, López-Doval J. Green and brown stream trophic food chains show specific responses to constant or hump-shaped inputs of copper. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150740. [PMID: 34619213 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The brown food chain (based on decomposers) co-exists in streams with the green food chain (based on primary producers). The two trophic chains perform specific ecosystem functions which may be altered by the effect of contaminants. Copper is a common contaminant with recognized effects on several compartments of the two trophic chains. We applied it in two separate mesocosm experiments, in which we tested the effects of copper after contrasting patterns of contaminant exposure (constant vs hump-shaped). The constant input simulated a chronic contamination (average of 20 μg/L Cu), while the hump-shaped simulated the steady arrival of copper, the occurrence of a peak (reaching ca. 60 μg/L Cu), and its progressive decrease (down to 10-15 μg/L Cu). In the green trophic food chain, copper exposure decreased the total chlorophyll-a as well as the basal fluorescence and the photosynthetic yield. The treatment receiving hump-shaped inputs caused the highest mortality of the green food chain consumer, the snail Radix balthica. In the chronic copper exposure, mortality achieved a maximum of 80% by the end of the experiment but occurred later than that in the hump-shaped treatment. Effects on the brown food chain were not so pronounced; the microbial decomposition rate of leaflitter decreased nearly ca. 50% after 14 days of copper exposure. Effects on decomposition translated into the ingestion performance of detritivores, which decreased in the two copper treatments. Our results provide evidence that copper affected the two trophic food chains. The hump-shaped arrival included a peak of high concentration, which caused lethal effects on the consumers, but also a decreasing limb, which allowed a partial recovery of the algal photosynthetic variables. Our results suggest the need to consider the different compartments and functions performed within the stream trophic web when evaluating the effects of a contaminant in a river ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Sabater
- Catalan Institute of Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain; GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Freixa
- Catalan Institute of Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain; GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Ander Arias
- NEIKER, Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Parque tecnológico de Bizkaia, Parcela 812, Berreaga 1, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Julio López-Doval
- Catalan Institute of Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain; University of Girona, Plaça de Sant Domènec 3, 17004 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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22
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Weisner O, Frische T, Liebmann L, Reemtsma T, Roß-Nickoll M, Schäfer RB, Schäffer A, Scholz-Starke B, Vormeier P, Knillmann S, Liess M. Risk from pesticide mixtures - The gap between risk assessment and reality. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 796:149017. [PMID: 34328899 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide applications in agricultural crops often comprise a mixture of plant protection products (PPP), and single fields face multiple applications per year leading to complex pesticide mixtures in the environment. Restricted to single PPP, the current European Union PPP regulation, however, disregards the ecological risks of pesticide mixtures. To quantify this additional risk, we evaluated the contribution of single pesticide active ingredients to the additive mixture risk for aquatic risk indicators (invertebrates and algae) in 464 different PPP used, 3446 applications sprayed and 830 water samples collected in Central Europe, Germany. We identified an average number of 1.3 different pesticides in a single PPP, 3.1 for complete applications often involving multiple PPP and 30 in stream water samples. Under realistic worst-case conditions, the estimated stream water pesticide risk based on additive effects was 3.2 times higher than predicted from single PPP. We found that in streams, however, the majority of regulatory threshold exceedances was caused by single pesticides alone (69% for algae, 81% for invertebrates). Both in PPP applications and in stream samples, pesticide exposure occurred in repeated pulses each driven by one to few alternating pesticides. The time intervals between pulses were shorter than the 8 weeks considered for ecological recovery in environmental risk assessment in 88% of spray series and 53% of streams. We conclude that pesticide risk assessment should consider an additional assessment factor to account for the additive, but also potential synergistic simultaneous pesticide mixture risk. Additionally, future research and risk assessment need to address the risk from the frequent sequential pesticide exposure observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Weisner
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany.
| | - Tobias Frische
- German Federal Environment Agency (UBA), 06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Liana Liebmann
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Department Evolutionary Ecology & Environmental Toxicology (E3T), Institute of Ecology, Diversity and Evolution, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martina Roß-Nickoll
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf B Schäfer
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Björn Scholz-Starke
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; darwin statistics, 52072 Aachen, Germany
| | - Philipp Vormeier
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Saskia Knillmann
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; German Federal Environment Agency (UBA), 06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Matthias Liess
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) Leipzig, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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23
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Campos DA, Blanché S, Jungkunst HF, Philippe A. Distribution, behavior, and erosion of uranium in vineyard soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:53181-53192. [PMID: 34021457 PMCID: PMC8476358 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14381-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate fertilization contributes to an input of uranium (U) in agricultural soils. Although its accumulation and fate in agricultural soils have been previously studied, its colloidal transport and accumulation along slopes through erosion have been studied to a lesser extent in viticulture soils. To bridge this gap, the contents and potential mobility of U were investigated in vineyard model soils in the Rhineland-Palatinate region, Germany. In addition to elevated U contents, U was expected to associate with colloids and subject to erosion, thus accumulating on slope foots and in soils with fine structure, and reflecting a greater variability. Moreover, another expectation was the favorable erosion/mobility of U in areas with greater carbonate content. This was tested in three regional locations, at different slope positions and through soil horizon depths, with a total of 57 soil samples. The results show that U concentrations (0.48-1.26 ppm) were slightly higher than proximal non-agricultural soils (0.50 ppm), quite homogenous along slope positions, and slightly higher in topsoils. Assuming a homogeneous fertilization, the vertical translocation of U in soil was most probably higher than along the slope by erosion. In addition, carbonate content and soil texture correlated with U concentrations, whereas other parameters such as organic carbon and iron contents did not. The central role of carbonate and soil texture for the prediction of U content was confirmed using decision trees and elastic net, although their limited prediction power suggests that a larger sample size with a larger range of U content is required to improve the accuracy. Overall, we did not observe neither U nor colloids accumulating on slope foots, thus suggesting that soils are aggregate-stable. Lastly, we suggested considering further soil parameters (e.g., Ca2+, phosphorus, alkali metals) in future works to improve our modelling approach. Overall, our results suggest U is fortunately immobile in the studied locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Campos
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Group of Environmental and Soil Chemistry, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany.
| | - Sophia Blanché
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Group of Environmental and Soil Chemistry, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Group of Geoecology & Physical Geography, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Hermann F Jungkunst
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Group of Geoecology & Physical Geography, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Allan Philippe
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Group of Environmental and Soil Chemistry, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany.
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24
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Cornejo A, Pérez J, López-Rojo N, García G, Pérez E, Guerra A, Nieto C, Boyero L. Litter decomposition can be reduced by pesticide effects on detritivores and decomposers: Implications for tropical stream functioning. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 285:117243. [PMID: 33962306 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding which factors affect the process of leaf litter decomposition is crucial if we are to predict changes in the functioning of stream ecosystems as a result of human activities. One major activity with known consequences on streams is agriculture, which is of particular concern in tropical regions, where forests are being rapidly replaced by crops. While pesticides are potential drivers of reduced decomposition rates observed in agricultural tropical streams, their specific effects on the performance of decomposers and detritivores are mostly unknown. We used a microcosm experiment to examine the individual and joint effects of an insecticide (chlorpyrifos) and a fungicide (chlorothalonil) on survival and growth of detritivores (Anchytarsus, Hyalella and Lepidostoma), aquatic hyphomycetes (AH) sporulation rate, taxon richness, assemblage structure, and leaf litter decomposition rates. Our results revealed detrimental effects on detritivore survival (which were mostly due to the insecticide and strongest for Hyalella), changes in AH assemblage structure, and reduced sporulation rate, taxon richness and microbial decomposition (mostly in response to the fungicide). Total decomposition was reduced especially when the pesticides were combined, suggesting that they operated differently and their effects were additive. Importantly, effects on decomposition were greater for single-species detritivore treatments than for the 3-species mixture, indicating that detritivore species loss may exacerbate the consequences of pesticides of stream ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydeé Cornejo
- Aquatic Ecology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Zoological Collection Eustorgio Mendez, Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies, (COZEM-ICGES), Ave. Justo Arosemena and Calle 35, 0816-02593, Panama City, Panama.
| | - Javier Pérez
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Naiara López-Rojo
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Gabriela García
- Aquatic Ecology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Zoological Collection Eustorgio Mendez, Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies, (COZEM-ICGES), Ave. Justo Arosemena and Calle 35, 0816-02593, Panama City, Panama
| | - Edgar Pérez
- Aquatic Ecology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Zoological Collection Eustorgio Mendez, Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies, (COZEM-ICGES), Ave. Justo Arosemena and Calle 35, 0816-02593, Panama City, Panama
| | - Alisson Guerra
- Aquatic Ecology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Zoological Collection Eustorgio Mendez, Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies, (COZEM-ICGES), Ave. Justo Arosemena and Calle 35, 0816-02593, Panama City, Panama
| | - Carlos Nieto
- Aquatic Ecology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Zoological Collection Eustorgio Mendez, Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies, (COZEM-ICGES), Ave. Justo Arosemena and Calle 35, 0816-02593, Panama City, Panama
| | - Luz Boyero
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Bilbao, Spain
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25
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Baudy P, Zubrod JP, Konschak M, Röder N, Nguyen TH, Schreiner VC, Baschien C, Schulz R, Bundschuh M. Environmentally relevant fungicide levels modify fungal community composition and interactions but not functioning. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 285:117234. [PMID: 33962304 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic hyphomycetes (AHs), a group of saprotrophic fungi adapted to submerged leaf litter, play key functional roles in stream ecosystems as decomposers and food source for higher trophic levels. Fungicides, controlling fungal pathogens, target evolutionary conserved molecular processes in fungi and contaminate streams via their use in agricultural and urban landscapes. Thus fungicides pose a risk to AHs and the functions they provide. To investigate the impacts of fungicide exposure on the composition and functioning of AH communities, we exposed four AH species in monocultures and mixed cultures to increasing fungicide concentrations (0, 5, 50, 500, and 2500 μg/L). We assessed the biomass of each species via quantitative real-time PCR. Moreover, leaf decomposition was investigated. In monocultures, none of the species was affected at environmentally relevant fungicide levels (5 and 50 μg/L). The two most tolerant species were able to colonize and decompose leaves even at very high fungicide levels (≥500 μg/L), although less efficiently. In mixed cultures, changes in leaf decomposition reflected the response pattern of the species most tolerant in monocultures. Accordingly, the decomposition process may be safeguarded by tolerant species in combination with functional redundancy. In all fungicide treatments, however, sensitive species were displaced and interactions between fungi changed from complementarity to competition. As AH community composition determines leaves' nutritional quality for consumers, the data suggest that fungicide exposures rather induce bottom-up effects in food webs than impairments in leaf decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Baudy
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Jochen P Zubrod
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829, Landau, Germany; Eußerthal Ecosystem Research Station, University of Koblenz-Landau, Birkenthalstraße 13, D-76857, Eußerthal, Germany
| | - Marco Konschak
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Nina Röder
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Thu Huyen Nguyen
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Verena C Schreiner
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Christiane Baschien
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7B, D-38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ralf Schulz
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829, Landau, Germany; Eußerthal Ecosystem Research Station, University of Koblenz-Landau, Birkenthalstraße 13, D-76857, Eußerthal, Germany
| | - Mirco Bundschuh
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829, Landau, Germany; Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lennart Hjelms Väg 9, SWE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
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26
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Adams E, Leeb C, Brühl CA. Pesticide exposure affects reproductive capacity of common toads (Bufo bufo) in a viticultural landscape. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:213-223. [PMID: 33471271 PMCID: PMC7902574 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02335-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Amphibian populations are declining worldwide at alarming rates. Among the large variety of contributing stressors, chemical pollutants like pesticides have been identified as a major factor for this decline. Besides direct effects on aquatic and terrestrial amphibian stages, sublethal effects like impairments in reproduction can affect a population. Therefore, we investigated the reproductive capacity of common toads (Bufo bufo) in the pesticide-intensive viticultural landscape of Palatinate in Southwest Germany along a pesticide gradient. In a semi-field study, we captured reproductively active common toad pairs of five breeding ponds with different pesticide contamination level and kept them in a net cage until spawning. Toads from more contaminated ponds showed an increased fecundity (more eggs) but decreased fertilization rates (fewer hatching tadpoles) as well as lower survival rates and reduced size in Gosner stage 25, suggesting that the higher exposed populations suffer from long-term reproductive impairments. In combination with acute toxicity effects, the detected sublethal effects, which are mostly not addressed in the ecological risk assessment of pesticides, pose a serious threat on amphibian populations in agricultural landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Adams
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany.
| | - Christoph Leeb
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Carsten A Brühl
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
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27
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Konschak M, Zubrod JP, Baudy P, Fink P, Kenngott KGJ, Englert D, Röder N, Ogbeide C, Schulz R, Bundschuh M. Chronic effects of the strobilurin fungicide azoxystrobin in the leaf shredder Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea; Amphipoda) via two effect pathways. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111848. [PMID: 33421672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fungicides pose a risk for crustacean leaf shredders serving as key-stone species for leaf litter breakdown in detritus-based stream ecosystems. However, little is known about the impact of strobilurin fungicides on shredders, even though they are presumed to be the most hazardous fungicide class for aquafauna. Therefore, we assessed the impact of the strobilurin azoxystrobin (AZO) on the survival, energy processing (leaf consumption and feces production), somatic growth (growth rate and molting activity), and energy reserves (neutral lipid fatty and amino acids) of the amphipod crustacean Gammarus fossarum via waterborne exposure and food quality-mediated (through the impact of leaf colonizing aquatic microorganisms) and thus indirect effects using 2 × 2-factorial experiments over 24 days. In a first bioassay with 30 µg AZO/L, waterborne exposure substantially reduced survival, energy processing and affected molting activity of gammarids, while no effects were observed via the dietary pathway. Furthermore, a negative growth rate (indicating a body mass loss in gammarids) was induced by waterborne exposure, which cannot be explained by a loss in neutral lipid fatty and amino acids. These energy reserves were increased indicating a disruption of the energy metabolism in G. fossarum caused by AZO. Contrary to the first bioassay, no waterborne AZO effects were observed during a second experiment with 15 µg AZO/L. However, an altered energy processing was determined in gammarids fed with leaves microbially colonized in the presence of AZO, which was probably caused by fungicide-induced effects on the microbial decomposition efficiency ultimately resulting in a lower food quality. The results of the present study show that diet-related strobilurin effects can occur at concentrations below those inducing waterborne toxicity. However, the latter seems to be more relevant at higher fungicide concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Konschak
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau D-76829, Germany.
| | - J P Zubrod
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau D-76829, Germany; Eußerthal Ecosystem Research Station, University of Koblenz-Landau, Birkenthalstraße 13, Eußerthal D-76857, Germany
| | - P Baudy
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau D-76829, Germany
| | - P Fink
- Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47b, Köln D-50674, Germany; Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department River Ecology and Department Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis and Management, Brückstrasse 3a, Magdeburg 39114 D, Germany
| | - K G J Kenngott
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau D-76829, Germany
| | - D Englert
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau D-76829, Germany
| | - N Röder
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau D-76829, Germany
| | - C Ogbeide
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau D-76829, Germany
| | - R Schulz
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau D-76829, Germany; Eußerthal Ecosystem Research Station, University of Koblenz-Landau, Birkenthalstraße 13, Eußerthal D-76857, Germany
| | - M Bundschuh
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau D-76829, Germany; Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, Uppsala SWE-75007, Sweden.
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28
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Konschak M, Zubrod JP, Baudy P, Fink P, Pietz S, Duque A TS, Bakanov N, Schulz R, Bundschuh M. Mixture effects of a fungicide and an antibiotic: Assessment and prediction using a decomposer-detritivore system. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 232:105762. [PMID: 33561742 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobials, such as fungicides and antibiotics, pose a risk for microbial decomposers (i.e., bacteria and aquatic fungi) and invertebrate detritivores (i.e., shredders) that play a pivotal role in the ecosystem function of leaf litter breakdown. Although waterborne toxicity and diet-related effects (i.e., dietary exposure and microorganism-mediated alterations in food quality for shredders) of fungicides and antibiotics on decomposer-detritivore systems have been increasingly documented, their joint effect is unknown. We therefore assessed waterborne and dietary effects of an antimicrobial mixture consisting of the fungicide azoxystrobin (AZO) and the antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP) on microbial decomposers and the shredder Gammarus fossarum using a tiered approach. We compared effect sizes measured in the present study with model predictions (i.e., independent action) based on published data. During a 7-day feeding activity assay quantifying waterborne toxicity in G. fossarum, the leaf consumption of gammarids was reduced by ∼60 % compared to the control when subjected to the mixture at concentrations of each component causing a 20 % reduction in the same response variable when applied individually. Moreover, the selective feeding of gammarids during the food choice assay indicated alterations in food quality induced by the antimicrobial mixture. The food selection and, in addition, the decrease in microbial leaf decomposition is likely linked to changes in leaf-associated bacteria and fungi. During a long-term assay, energy processing, growth and energy reserves of gammarids were increased in presence of 15 and 500 μg/L of AZO and CIP, respectively, through the dietary pathway. These physiological responses were probably driven by CIP-induced alterations in the gut microbiome or immune system of gammarids. In general, model predictions matched observed effects caused by waterborne exposure on the leaf consumption, energy processing and growth of gammarids during short- and long-term assays, respectively. However, when complex horizontal (bacteria and aquatic fungi) and vertical (leaf-associated microorganisms and shredders) interactions were involved, model predictions partly over- or underestimated mixture effects. Therefore, the present study identifies uncertainties of mixture effect predictions for complex biological systems calling for studies targeting the underlying processes and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Konschak
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829, Landau, Germany.
| | - Jochen P Zubrod
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829, Landau, Germany; Eußerthal Ecosystem Research Station, University of Koblenz-Landau, Birkenthalstraße 13, D-76857, Eußerthal, Germany
| | - Patrick Baudy
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Patrick Fink
- Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47b, D-50674, Köln, Germany; Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department River Ecology and Department Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis and Management, Brückstrasse 3a, 39114 D, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Pietz
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Tomás S Duque A
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Nikita Bakanov
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Ralf Schulz
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829, Landau, Germany; Eußerthal Ecosystem Research Station, University of Koblenz-Landau, Birkenthalstraße 13, D-76857, Eußerthal, Germany
| | - Mirco Bundschuh
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829, Landau, Germany; Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, SWE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
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29
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Schreiner VC, Link M, Kunz S, Szöcs E, Scharmüller A, Vogler B, Beck B, Battes KP, Cimpean M, Singer HP, Hollender J, Schäfer RB. Paradise lost? Pesticide pollution in a European region with considerable amount of traditional agriculture. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 188:116528. [PMID: 33126003 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide contamination of agricultural streams has widely been analysed in regions of high intensity agriculture such as in Western Europe or North America. The situation of streams subject to low intensity agriculture relying on human and animal labour, as in parts of Romania, remains unknown. To close this gap, we determined concentrations of 244 pesticides and metabolites at 19 low-order streams, covering sites from low to high intensity agriculture in a region of Romania. Pesticides were sampled with two passive sampling methods (styrene-divinylbenzene (SDB) disks and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sheets) during three rainfall events and at base flow. Using the toxic unit approach, we assessed the toxicity towards algae and invertebrates. Up to 50 pesticides were detected simultaneously, resulting in sum concentrations between 0.02 and 37 µg L-1. Both, the sum concentration as well as the toxicities were in a similar range as in high intensity agricultural streams of Western Europe. Different proxies of agricultural intensity did not relate to in-stream pesticide toxicity, contradicting the assumption of previous studies. The toxicity towards invertebrates was positively related to large scale variables such as the catchment size and the agricultural land use in the upstream catchment and small scale variables including riparian plant height, whereas the toxicity to algae showed no relationship to any of the variables. Our results suggest that streams in low intensity agriculture, despite a minor reported use of agrochemicals, exhibit similar levels of pesticide pollution as in regions of high intensity agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena C Schreiner
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany.
| | - Moritz Link
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Stefan Kunz
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Eduard Szöcs
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Andreas Scharmüller
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Bernadette Vogler
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Beck
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Karina P Battes
- Department of Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 5-7 Clinicilor Str, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mirela Cimpean
- Department of Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 5-7 Clinicilor Str, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Heinz P Singer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ralf B Schäfer
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
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30
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Baudy P, Konschak M, Sakpal H, Baschien C, Schulz R, Bundschuh M, Zubrod JP. The Fungicide Tebuconazole Confounds Concentrations of Molecular Biomarkers Estimating Fungal Biomass. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 105:620-625. [PMID: 32857223 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02977-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to their ecological importance, fungi are suitable indicator organisms for anthropogenic stress. To estimate fungal biomass, the fungal membrane molecule ergosterol is often quantified as a proxy. Estimates based on ergosterol may, however, be distorted by exposure to demethylase inhibiting (DMI) fungicides, interfering with sterol synthesis. To test this hypothesis, we exposed ten fungal species to the DMI fungicide tebuconazole and measured concentrations of ergosterol and DNA per unit dry mass of the fungal hyphae. The latter served as alternative biomass proxy that is not specifically targeted by tebuconazole. Effects of tebuconazole on ergosterol concentrations were species-specific, while concentrations were on average reduced by 13%. In contrast, DNA concentrations were on average increased by 13%. We demonstrate that DMI fungicides - at close to field relevant levels - can distort fungal biomass estimation, complicating the use of this endpoint for environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Baudy
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany.
| | - Marco Konschak
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Harshada Sakpal
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Christiane Baschien
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ralf Schulz
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
- Eußerthal Ecosystem Research Station, University of Koblenz-Landau, Birkenthalstraße 13, 76857, Eußerthal, Germany
| | - Mirco Bundschuh
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany.
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jochen P Zubrod
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
- Eußerthal Ecosystem Research Station, University of Koblenz-Landau, Birkenthalstraße 13, 76857, Eußerthal, Germany
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31
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Cornejo A, Pérez J, Alonso A, López-Rojo N, Monroy S, Boyero L. A common fungicide impairs stream ecosystem functioning through effects on aquatic hyphomycetes and detritivorous caddisflies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 263:110425. [PMID: 32179487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fungicides can reach streams through runoff or adhered to leaf litter, and have the potential to adversely affect processes such as litter decomposition and associated communities. This study investigated the effects of chlorothalonil, a widely used fungicide, on litter decomposition, detritivorous invertebrates (larvae of the insect Sericostoma pyrenaicum) and aquatic hyphomycetes (AHs), using stream microcosms. We considered the single and combined effects of two exposure modes: waterborne fungicide (at two concentrations: 0.125 μg L-1 and 1.25 μg L-1) and litter previously sprayed with the fungicide (i.e., pre-treated litter, using the application dose concentration of 1250 μg L-1). We also assessed whether fungicide effects on invertebrates, AHs and decomposition varied among litter types (i.e., different plant species), and whether plant diversity mitigated any of those effects. Invertebrate survival and AH sporulation rate and taxon richness were strongly reduced by most combinations of fungicide exposure modes; however, invertebrates were not affected by the low waterborne concentration, whereas AHs suffered the highest reduction at this concentration. Total decomposition was slowed down by both exposure modes, and microbial decomposition was reduced by litter pre-treatment, while the waterborne fungicide had different effects depending on plant species. In general, with the exception of microbial decomposition, responses varied little among litter types. Moreover, and contrary to our expectation, plant diversity did not modulate the fungicide effects. Our results highlight the severity of fungicide inputs to streams through effects on invertebrate and microbial communities and ecosystem functioning, even in streams with well-preserved, diverse riparian vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydeé Cornejo
- Freshwater Macroinvertebrate Laboratory. Zoological Collection Dr. Eustorgio Mendez, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies (COZEM-ICGES), Ave. Justo Arosemena and Calle 35, 0816-02593, Panama City, Panama; Doctoral Program in Natural Sciences with emphasis in Entomology, University of Panama, Panama City, Panama.
| | - Javier Pérez
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Alberto Alonso
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Naiara López-Rojo
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Silvia Monroy
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Luz Boyero
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Bilbao, Spain
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32
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Marks JC. Revisiting the Fates of Dead Leaves That Fall into Streams. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110218-024755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
As terrestrial leaf litter decomposes in rivers, its constituent elements follow multiple pathways. Carbon leached as dissolved organic matter can be quickly taken up by microbes, then respired before it can be transferred to the macroscopic food web. Alternatively, this detrital carbon can be ingested and assimilated by aquatic invertebrates, so it is retained longer in the stream and transferred to higher trophic levels. Microbial growth on litter can affect invertebrates through three pathways, which are not mutually exclusive. First, microbes can facilitate invertebrate feeding, improving food quality by conditioning leaves and making them more palatable for invertebrates. Second, microbes can be prey for invertebrates. Third, microbes can compete with invertebrates for resources bound within litter and may produce compounds that retard carbon and nitrogen fluxes to invertebrates. As litter is broken down into smaller particles, there are many opportunities for its elements to reenter the stream food web. Here, I describe a conceptual framework for evaluating how traits of leaf litter will affect its fate in food webs and ecosystems that is useful for predicting how global change will alter carbon fluxes into and out of streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane C. Marks
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, USA
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33
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Rico A, Brock TCM, Daam MA. Is the Effect Assessment Approach for Fungicides as Laid Down in the European Food Safety Authority Aquatic Guidance Document Sufficiently Protective for Freshwater Ecosystems? ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:2279-2293. [PMID: 31211455 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In Europe, the European Food Safety Authority aquatic guidance document describes the procedures for the derivation of regulatory acceptable concentrations (RACs) for pesticides in edge-of-field surface waters on the basis of tier-1 (standard test species), tier-2 (geometric mean and species sensitivity distributions [SSDs]), and tier-3 (model ecosystem studies) approaches. In the present study, the protectiveness of such a tiered approach was evaluated for fungicides. Acute and chronic RACs for tier-1 and tier-2B (SSDs) were calculated using toxicity data for standard and additional test species, respectively. Tier-3 RACs based on ecological thresholds (not considering recovery) could be derived for 18 fungicides. We show that tier-1 RACs, in the majority of cases, are more conservative than RACs calculated based on model ecosystem experiments. However, acute tier-2B RACs do not show a sufficient protection level compared with tier-3 RACs from cosm studies that tested a repeated pulsed exposure regime or when relatively persistent compounds were tested. Chronic tier-2B RACs showed a sufficient protection level, although they could only be evaluated for 6 compounds. Finally, we evaluated the suitability of the calculated RACs for 8 compounds with toxicity data for fungi. The comparison shows that the current RACs for individual fungicides, with a few exceptions (e.g., tebuconazole), show a sufficient protection level for structural and functional fungal endpoints. However, more data are needed to extend this comparison to other fungicides with different modes of action. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2279-2293. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Rico
- Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies on Water (IMDEA Water Institute), Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Theo C M Brock
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel A Daam
- Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
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34
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35
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Zubrod JP, Bundschuh M, Arts G, Brühl CA, Imfeld G, Knäbel A, Payraudeau S, Rasmussen JJ, Rohr J, Scharmüller A, Smalling K, Stehle S, Schulz R, Schäfer RB. Fungicides: An Overlooked Pesticide Class? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:3347-3365. [PMID: 30835448 PMCID: PMC6536136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Fungicides are indispensable to global food security and their use is forecasted to intensify. Fungicides can reach aquatic ecosystems and occur in surface water bodies in agricultural catchments throughout the entire growing season due to their frequent, prophylactic application. However, in comparison to herbicides and insecticides, the exposure to and effects of fungicides have received less attention. We provide an overview of the risk of fungicides to aquatic ecosystems covering fungicide exposure (i.e., environmental fate, exposure modeling, and mitigation measures) as well as direct and indirect effects of fungicides on microorganisms, macrophytes, invertebrates, and vertebrates. We show that fungicides occur widely in aquatic systems, that the accuracy of predicted environmental concentrations is debatable, and that fungicide exposure can be effectively mitigated. We additionally demonstrate that fungicides can be highly toxic to a broad range of organisms and can pose a risk to aquatic biota. Finally, we outline central research gaps that currently challenge our ability to predict fungicide exposure and effects, promising research avenues, and shortcomings of the current environmental risk assessment for fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen P. Zubrod
- Institute
for Environmental Sciences, University of
Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße
7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
- Eußerthal
Ecosystem Research Station, University of
Koblenz-Landau, Birkenthalstraße
13, D-76857 Eußerthal, Germany
| | - Mirco Bundschuh
- Institute
for Environmental Sciences, University of
Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße
7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
- Department
of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish
University of Agricultural Sciences, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, SWE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gertie Arts
- Wageningen
Environmental Research, Wageningen University
and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carsten A. Brühl
- Institute
for Environmental Sciences, University of
Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße
7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Gwenaël Imfeld
- Laboratoire
d’Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Université de Strasbourg/ENGEES, CNRS, 1 rue Blessig, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Anja Knäbel
- Institute
for Environmental Sciences, University of
Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße
7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Sylvain Payraudeau
- Laboratoire
d’Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Université de Strasbourg/ENGEES, CNRS, 1 rue Blessig, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Jes J. Rasmussen
- Aarhus
University, Dept. of Bioscience, Vejlsoevej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Jason Rohr
- University
of South Florida, Department of Integrative
Biology, Tampa, Florida, United States
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Environmental Change Initiative, and Eck Institute
for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United
States
| | - Andreas Scharmüller
- Institute
for Environmental Sciences, University of
Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße
7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Kelly Smalling
- U.S.
Geological Survey, New Jersey Water Science
Center, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, United States
| | - Sebastian Stehle
- Institute
for Environmental Sciences, University of
Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße
7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
- Eußerthal
Ecosystem Research Station, University of
Koblenz-Landau, Birkenthalstraße
13, D-76857 Eußerthal, Germany
| | - Ralf Schulz
- Institute
for Environmental Sciences, University of
Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße
7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
- Eußerthal
Ecosystem Research Station, University of
Koblenz-Landau, Birkenthalstraße
13, D-76857 Eußerthal, Germany
| | - Ralf B. Schäfer
- Institute
for Environmental Sciences, University of
Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße
7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
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36
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Dupraz V, Stachowski-Haberkorn S, Wicquart J, Tapie N, Budzinski H, Akcha F. Demonstrating the need for chemical exposure characterisation in a microplate test system: toxicity screening of sixteen pesticides on two marine microalgae. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 221:278-291. [PMID: 30640011 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides used in viticulture create a potential risk for the aquatic environment due to drift during application, runoff and soil leaching. The toxicity of sixteen pesticides and one metabolite were evaluated on the growth of two marine microalgae, Tisochrysis lutea and Skeletonema marinoi, in 96-h exposure assays conducted in microplates. For each substance, concentrations of stock solutions were analytically measured and abiotic assays were performed to evaluate the chemical stability of pesticides in microplates. For two chemicals, microalgae exposures were run simultaneously in microplates and culture flasks to compare EC50 calculated from the two exposure systems. Results from chemical analyses demonstrated the low stability of hydrophobic pesticides (log KOW > 3). For such chemicals, EC50 values calculated using measured pesticide concentrations were two-fold lower than those first estimated using nominal concentrations. Photosystem II inhibitors were the most toxic herbicides, with EC50 values below 10 μg L-1 for diuron and around double this for isoproturon. Chlorpyrifos-methyl was the only insecticide to significantly affect the growth of T. lutea, with an EC50 around 400 μg L-1. All fungicides tested were significantly toxic to both species: strobilurins showed low overall toxicity, with EC50 values around 400 μg L-1, whereas quinoxyfen, and spiroxamine, showed high toxicity to both species, especially to T. lutea, with an EC50 below 1 μg L-1 measured for spiroxamine in culture flasks. This study highlights the need to perform chemical analyses for reliable toxicity assessment and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using microplates as a toxicity screening tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Dupraz
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Écotoxicologie, rue de l'île d'Yeu, BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 03, France.
| | | | - Jérémy Wicquart
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Écotoxicologie, rue de l'île d'Yeu, BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Nathalie Tapie
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5805, EPOC, Laboratoire de Physico Toxico Chimie de l'environnement, 351 Cours de la Libération, CS 10004, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France; CNRS, UMR 5805, EPOC, Laboratoire de Physico Toxico Chimie de l'environnement, 351 Cours de la Libération, CS 10004, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5805, EPOC, Laboratoire de Physico Toxico Chimie de l'environnement, 351 Cours de la Libération, CS 10004, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France; CNRS, UMR 5805, EPOC, Laboratoire de Physico Toxico Chimie de l'environnement, 351 Cours de la Libération, CS 10004, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Farida Akcha
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Écotoxicologie, rue de l'île d'Yeu, BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
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Zubrod JP, Englert D, Feckler A, Rosenfeldt RR, Pasternack H, Hollert H, Seiler TB, Schulz R, Bundschuh M. Is Hyalella azteca a Suitable Model Leaf-Shredding Benthic Crustacean for Testing the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Metals in Europe? BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 102:303-309. [PMID: 30706079 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02557-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The leaf-shredding crustacean Hyalella azteca, which is indigenous to Northern and Central America, is used to assess environmental risks associated with (metal-)contaminated sediments and to propose sediment quality standards also in Europe. Yet, it is unknown if H. azteca is protective for European crustacean shredders. We thus compared the sensitivity of H. azteca with that of the European species Asellus aquaticus and Gammarus fossarum towards copper- and cadmium-contaminated sediments (prepared according to OECD 218) under laboratory conditions employing mortality and leaf consumption as endpoints. H. azteca either reacted approximately fourfold more sensitive than the most tolerant tested species (as for cadmium) or its sensitivity was only 1.6 times lower than the highest sensitivity determined (as for copper), which should be covered by safety factors applied during risk assessments. Therefore, the results for the sediment type and the two heavy metals tested during the present study in combination with the existence of standardized testing protocols, their ease of culture, and short generation time, suggest H. azteca as suitable crustacean model shredder for assessing the toxicity of sediment-associated metals in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen P Zubrod
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany.
- Eußerthal Ecosystem Research Station, University of Koblenz-Landau, Birkenthalstraße 13, 76857, Eußerthal, Germany.
| | - Dominic Englert
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Alexander Feckler
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ricki R Rosenfeldt
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
- nEcoTox, An der Neumühle 2, 76855, Annweiler, Germany
| | - Hendrik Pasternack
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas-Benjamin Seiler
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Schulz
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
- Eußerthal Ecosystem Research Station, University of Koblenz-Landau, Birkenthalstraße 13, 76857, Eußerthal, Germany
| | - Mirco Bundschuh
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany.
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Rossi F, Mallet C, Portelli C, Donnadieu F, Bonnemoy F, Artigas J. Stimulation or inhibition: Leaf microbial decomposition in streams subjected to complex chemical contamination. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 648:1371-1383. [PMID: 30340282 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Leaf litter decomposition is a key mechanism in headwater streams, allowing the transfer of nutrients and energy into the entire food web. However, chemical contamination resulting from human activity may exert a high pressure on the process, possibly threatening the structure of heterotrophic microbial communities and their decomposition abilities. In this study, the rates of microbial Alnus glutinosa (Alnus) leaf decay were assessed in six French watersheds displaying different land use (agricultural, urbanized, forested) and over four seasons (spring, summer, autumn, winter). In addition, for each watershed at each sampling time, both upstream (less-contaminated) and downstream (more-contaminated) sections were monitored. Toxicities (estimated as toxic units) predicted separately for pesticides and pharmaceuticals as well as environmental parameters (including nutrient levels) were related to microbial decay rates corrected for temperature and a range of fungal and bacterial community endpoints, including biomass, structure, and activity (extracellular ligninolytic and cellulolytic enzymatic activities). Results showed that agricultural and urbanized watersheds were more contaminated for nutrients and xenobiotics (higher pesticides and pharmaceuticals predicted toxicity) than forested watersheds. However, Alnus decay rates were higher in agricultural and urbanized watersheds, suggesting compensatory effects of nutrients over xenobiotics. Conversely, fungal biomass in leaves was 2-fold and 1.4-fold smaller in urbanized and agricultural watersheds than in the forested watersheds, respectively, which was mostly related to pesticide toxicity. However, no clear pattern was observed for extracellular enzymatic activities except that β-glucosidase activity positively correlated with Alnus decay rates. Together, these results highlight microbial communities being more efficient for leaf decomposition in polluted watersheds than in less contaminated ones, which is probably explained by changes in microbial community structure. Overall, our study showed that realistic chemical contamination in stream ecosystems may affect the biomass of Alnus-associated microbial communities but that these communities can adapt themselves to xenobiotics and maintain ecosystem functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Rossi
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Clarisse Mallet
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christophe Portelli
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florence Donnadieu
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédérique Bonnemoy
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Joan Artigas
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Konschak M, Zubrod JP, Baudy P, Englert D, Herrmann B, Schulz R, Bundschuh M. Waterborne and diet-related effects of inorganic and organic fungicides on the insect leaf shredder Chaetopteryx villosa (Trichoptera). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 206:33-42. [PMID: 30445370 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It is well-documented that fungicides can affect crustacean leaf shredders via two effect pathways, namely waterborne exposure and their diet (i.e., via dietary uptake of fungicides adsorbed to leaf material and an altered microorganism-mediated food quality). As a consequence of different life history strategies, the relevance of these effect pathways for aquatic shredders belonging to other taxonomic classes, for instance insects, remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated waterborne and diet-related effects in larvae of the caddisfly leaf shredder Chaetopteryx villosa (Insecta: Trichoptera) and compared our observations to previous reports on effects in adults of the crustacean leaf shredder Gammarus fossarum (Malacostraca: Amphipoda). We assessed acute waterborne effects of an organic fungicide mixture (OFM) and the inorganic fungicide copper (Cu) on the leaf consumption (n = 30) of the fourth-/fifth-instar larvae of C. villosa and their food choice (n = 49) when offered leaf material, which was either conditioned in presence or in absence of the respective fungicide(s). Moreover, the larval leaf consumption (n = 50) and physiological fitness (i.e., growth as well as lipid and protein content) were examined after subjecting C. villosa for 24 days towards the combination of both effect pathways at environmentally relevant concentrations. G. fossarum and C. villosa exhibited similar sensitivities and the same effect direction when exposed to the OFM (either waterborne or dietary pathways). Both shredders also showed the same effect direction when exposed to dietary Cu, while with regards to mortality and leaf consumption C. villosa was less sensitive to waterborne Cu than G. fossarum. Finally, as observed for G. fossarum, the combined exposure to OFM over 24 days negatively affected leaf consumption and the physiology (i.e., growth and lipid reserves) of C. villosa. While no combined Cu effects were observed for larval leaf consumption, contrasting to the observations for G. fossarum, the physiology of both shredders was negatively affected, despite partly differing effect sizes and directions. Our results suggest that C. villosa and G. fossarum are of comparable sensitivity towards waterborne and diet-related organic fungicide exposure, whereas the trichopteran is less sensitive to Cu-based waterborne fungicide exposure. However, when both pathways act jointly, organic and inorganic fungicides can affect the physiology of shredder species with completely different life history strategies. As caddisflies represent a subsidy for terrestrial consumers, these observations indicate that fungicide exposure might not only affect aquatic ecosystem functioning but also the flux of energy across ecosystem boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Konschak
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany.
| | - J P Zubrod
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany; Eußerthal Ecosystem Research Station, University of Koblenz-Landau, Birkenthalstraße 13, D-76857 Eußerthal, Germany
| | - P Baudy
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
| | - D Englert
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
| | - B Herrmann
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
| | - R Schulz
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany; Eußerthal Ecosystem Research Station, University of Koblenz-Landau, Birkenthalstraße 13, D-76857 Eußerthal, Germany
| | - M Bundschuh
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany; Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, SWE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
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40
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Lehosmaa K, Jyväsjärvi J, Ilmonen J, Rossi PM, Paasivirta L, Muotka T. Groundwater contamination and land drainage induce divergent responses in boreal spring ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 639:100-109. [PMID: 29778675 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of freshwater ecosystems has engendered legislative mandates for the protection and management of surface waters while groundwater-dependent ecosystems (GDEs) have received much less attention. This is so despite biodiversity and functioning of GDEs are currently threatened by several anthropogenic stressors, particularly intensified land use and groundwater contamination. We assessed the impacts of land drainage (increased input of dissolved organic carbon, DOC, from peatland drainage) and impaired groundwater chemical quality (NO3--N enrichment from agricultural or urban land use) on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in 20 southern Finnish cold-water springs using several taxonomic and functional measures. Groundwater contamination decreased macroinvertebrate and bacterial diversity and altered their community composition. Changes in macroinvertebrate and bacterial communities along the gradient of water-quality impairment were caused by the replacement of native with new taxa rather than by mere disappearance of some of the original taxa. Also species richness of habitat specialist (but not headwater generalist) bryophytes decreased due to impaired groundwater quality. Periphyton accrual rate showed a subsidy-stress response to elevated nitrate concentrations, with peak values at around 2500 μg L-1, while drainage-induced spring water brownification (increased DOC) reduced both periphyton accrual and leaf decomposition rates already at very low concentrations. Our results highlight the underutilized potential of ecosystem-level functional measures in GDE bioassessment as they seem to respond to the first signs of spring ecosystem impairment, at least for the anthropogenic stressors studied by us.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Lehosmaa
- University of Oulu, Department of Ecology and Genetics, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Jussi Jyväsjärvi
- University of Oulu, Department of Ecology and Genetics, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Jari Ilmonen
- Metsähallitus, P.O. Box 94, FI-01301 Vantaa, Finland
| | - Pekka M Rossi
- Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Research Group, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014, Finland
| | | | - Timo Muotka
- University of Oulu, Department of Ecology and Genetics, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; Finnish Environment Institute, Natural Environment Centre, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
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Yao H, Xu X, Zhou Y, Xu C. Impacts of isopyrazam exposure on the development of early-life zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:23799-23808. [PMID: 29876854 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2449-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Isopyrazam (IPZ) is a broad spectrum succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide. Little is known about its potential ecological risks of aquatic organisms recently. The present study examined the embryonic development effects of zebrafish exposed to IPZ under static condition using a fish embryo toxicity test. The lowest observed effect concentration of IPZ was 0.025 mg/L in 4-day exposure. Developmental abnormalities, including edema, small head deformity, body deformation and decreased pigmentation, and mortality were observed in zebrafish embryos of 0.05 mg/L and higher concentrations, which shown concentration dependency. The heart rate of zebrafish was disrupted by IPZ. Moreover, enzyme and gene experiments shown that IPZ exposure caused oxidative stress of zebrafish. Furthermore, it induced a decrease of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) enzyme activity and gene transcription level in zebrafish larvae. It can be speculated that IPZ may have a lethal effect on zebrafish, which is accompanied by decreased SDH activity, oxidative stress, and abnormality. These results provide toxicological data about the IPZ on aquatic non-target organisms, which could be useful for further understanding potential environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhou Yao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
- Research Center of Analysis and Measurement, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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Regionalized Terrestrial Ecotoxicity Assessment of Copper-Based Fungicides Applied in Viticulture. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10072522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Life cycle assessment has been recognized as an important decision-making tool to improve the environmental performance of agricultural systems. Still, there are certain modelling issues related to the assessment of their impacts. The first is linked to the assessment of the metal terrestrial ecotoxicity impact, for which metal speciation in soil is disregarded. In fact, emissions of metals in agricultural systems contribute significantly to the ecotoxic impact, as do copper-based fungicides applied in viticulture to combat downy mildew. Another issue is linked to the ways in which the intrinsic geographical variability of agriculture resulting from the variation of management practices, soil properties, and climate is addressed. The aim of this study is to assess the spatial variability of the terrestrial ecotoxicity impact of copper-based fungicides applied in European vineyards, accounting for both geographical variability in terms of agricultural practice and copper speciation in soil. This first entails the development of regionalized characterization factors (CFs) for the copper used in viticulture and then the application of these CFs to a regionalized life-cycle inventory that considers different management practices, soil properties, and climates in different regions, namely Languedoc-Roussillon (France), Minho (Portugal), Tuscany (Italy), and Galicia (Spain). There are two modelling alternatives to determine metal speciation in terrestrial ecotoxicity: (a) empirical regression models; and (b) WHAM 6.0, the geochemical speciation model applied according to the soil properties of the Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD). Both approaches were used to compute and compare regionalized CFs with each other and with current IMPACT 2002+ CF. The CFs were then aggregated at different spatial resolutions—global, Europe, country, and wine-growing region—to assess the uncertainty related to spatial variability at the different scales and applied in the regionalized case study. The global CF computed for copper terrestrial ecotoxicity is around 3.5 orders of magnitude lower than the one from IMPACT 2002+, demonstrating the impact of including metal speciation. For both methods, an increase in the spatial resolution of the CFs translated into a decrease in the spatial variability of the CFs. With the exception of the aggregated CF for Portugal (Minho) at the country level, all the aggregated CFs derived from empirical regression models are greater than the ones derived from the method based on WHAM 6.0 within a range of 0.2 to 1.2 orders of magnitude. Furthermore, CFs calculated with empirical regression models exhibited a greater spatial variability with respect to the CFs derived from WHAM 6.0. The ranking of the impact scores of the analyzed scenarios was mainly determined by the amount of copper applied in each wine-growing region. However, finer spatial resolutions led to an impact score with lower uncertainty.
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Mansour I, Heppell CM, Ryo M, Rillig MC. Application of the microbial community coalescence concept to riverine networks. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 93:1832-1845. [PMID: 29700966 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Flows of water, soil, litter, and anthropogenic materials in and around rivers lead to the mixing of their resident microbial communities and subsequently to a resultant community distinct from its precursors. Consideration of these events through a new conceptual lens, namely, community coalescence, could provide a means of integrating physical, environmental, and ecological mechanisms to predict microbial community assembly patterns better in these habitats. Here, we review field studies of microbial communities in riverine habitats where environmental mixing regularly occurs, interpret some of these studies within the community coalescence framework and posit novel hypotheses and insights that may be gained in riverine microbial ecology through the application of this concept. Particularly in the face of a changing climate and rivers under increasing anthropogenic pressures, knowledge about the factors governing microbial community assembly is essential to forecast and/or respond to changes in ecosystem function. Additionally, there is the potential for microbial ecology studies in rivers to become a driver of theory development: riverine systems are ideal for coalescence studies because regular and predictable environmental mixing occurs. Data appropriate for testing community coalescence theory could be collected with minimal alteration to existing study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- India Mansour
- Plant Ecology, Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195 Berlin, Germany.,School of Geography, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | | | - Masahiro Ryo
- Plant Ecology, Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Plant Ecology, Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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Münze R, Hannemann C, Orlinskiy P, Gunold R, Paschke A, Foit K, Becker J, Kaske O, Paulsson E, Peterson M, Jernstedt H, Kreuger J, Schüürmann G, Liess M. Pesticides from wastewater treatment plant effluents affect invertebrate communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 599-600:387-399. [PMID: 28478367 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We quantified pesticide contamination and its ecological impact up- and downstream of seven wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in rural and suburban areas of central Germany. During two sampling campaigns, time-weighted average pesticide concentrations (cTWA) were obtained using Chemcatcher® passive samplers; pesticide peak concentrations were quantified with event-driven samplers. At downstream sites, receiving waters were additionally grab sampled for five selected pharmaceuticals. Ecological effects on macroinvertebrate structure and ecosystem function were assessed using the biological indicator system SPEARpesticides (SPEcies At Risk) and leaf litter breakdown rates, respectively. WWTP effluents substantially increased insecticide and fungicide concentrations in receiving waters; in many cases, treated wastewater was the exclusive source for the neonicotinoid insecticides acetamiprid and imidacloprid in the investigated streams. During the ten weeks of the investigation, five out of the seven WWTPs increased in-stream pesticide toxicity by a factor of three. As a consequence, at downstream sites, SPEAR values and leaf litter degradation rates were reduced by 40% and 53%, respectively. The reduced leaf litter breakdown was related to changes in the macroinvertebrate communities described by SPEARpesticides and not to altered microbial activity. Neonicotinoids showed the highest ecological relevance for the composition of invertebrate communities, occasionally exceeding the Regulatory Acceptable Concentrations (RACs). In general, considerable ecological effects of insecticides were observed above and below regulatory thresholds. Fungicides, herbicides and pharmaceuticals contributed only marginally to acute toxicity. We conclude that pesticide retention of WWTPs needs to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Münze
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute of Biosciences, Leipziger Straße 29, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Christin Hannemann
- Brandenburg State Office of the Environment, Department of Water Management - River Basin Management, Seeburger Chaussee 2, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Polina Orlinskiy
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; University of Koblenz-Landau, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Roman Gunold
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Ecological Chemistry, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipziger Straße 29, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Albrecht Paschke
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Ecological Chemistry, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kaarina Foit
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jeremias Becker
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oliver Kaske
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elin Paulsson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Märit Peterson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Jernstedt
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jenny Kreuger
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gerrit Schüürmann
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Ecological Chemistry, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipziger Straße 29, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Liess
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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45
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Bundschuh M, Schulz R, Schäfer RB, Allen CR, Angeler DG. Resilience in ecotoxicology: Toward a multiple equilibrium concept. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:2574-2580. [PMID: 28493505 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The term resilience describes stress-response patterns across scientific disciplines. In ecology, advances have been made to clearly define resilience based on underlying mechanistic assumptions. Engineering resilience (rebound) is used to describe the ability of organisms to recover from adverse conditions (disturbances), which is termed the rate of recovery. By contrast, the ecological resilience definition considers a systemic change, that is, when ecosystems reorganize into a new regime following disturbance. Under this new regime, structural and functional aspects change considerably relative to the previous regime, without recovery. In this context, resilience is an emergent property of complex systems. In the present study, we argue that both definitions and uses are appropriate in ecotoxicology, and although the differences are subtle, the implications and uses are profoundly different. We discuss resilience concepts in ecotoxicology, where the prevailing view of resilience is engineering resilience from chemical stress. Ecological resilience may also be useful for describing systemic ecological changes because of chemical stress. We present quantitative methods that allow ecotoxicologists and risk managers to assess whether an ecosystem faces an impending regime shift or whether it has already undergone such a shift. We contend that engineering and ecological resilience help to distinguish ecotoxicological responses to chemical stressors mechanistically and thus have implications for theory, policy, and application. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2574-2580. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Bundschuh
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ralf Schulz
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Ralf B Schäfer
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Craig R Allen
- Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Unit, School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska -Lincoln, US Geological Survey, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - David G Angeler
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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46
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Zubrod JP, Englert D, Lüderwald S, Poganiuch S, Schulz R, Bundschuh M. History Matters: Pre-Exposure to Wastewater Enhances Pesticide Toxicity in Invertebrates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:9280-9287. [PMID: 28682063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Disturbance regimes determine communities' structure and functioning. Nonetheless, little effort has been undertaken to understand interactions of press and pulse disturbances. In this context, leaf-shredding macroinvertebrates can be chronically exposed to wastewater treatment plant effluents (i.e., press disturbance) before experiencing pesticide exposure following agricultural runoff (i.e., pulse disturbance). It is assumed that wastewater pre-exposure alters animals' sensitivity to pesticides. To test this hypothesis, we exposed model-populations of the shredder Gammarus fossarum to wastewater at three field-relevant dilution levels (i.e., 0%, 50%, and 100%). After 2, 4, and 6 weeks, survival, leaf consumption, dry weight, and energy reserves were monitored. Additionally, animals were assessed for their sensitivity toward the neonicotinoid insecticide thiacloprid using their feeding rate as response variable. Both wastewater treatments reduced gammarids' survival, leaf consumption, dry weight, and energy reserves. Moreover, both wastewater pre-exposure scenarios increased animals' sensitivity toward thiacloprid by up to 2.5 times compared to the control. Our results thus demonstrate that press disturbance as posed by wastewater pre-exposure can enhance susceptibility of key players in ecosystem functioning to further (pulse) disturbances. Therefore, applying mitigation measures such as advanced treatment technologies seems sensible to support functional integrity in the multiple-stress situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen P Zubrod
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau , Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Dominic Englert
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau , Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Simon Lüderwald
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau , Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Sandra Poganiuch
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau , Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Ralf Schulz
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau , Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Mirco Bundschuh
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Lennart Hjelms väg 9, SWE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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47
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Zubrod JP, Englert D, Wolfram J, Rosenfeldt RR, Feckler A, Bundschuh R, Seitz F, Konschak M, Baudy P, Lüderwald S, Fink P, Lorke A, Schulz R, Bundschuh M. Long-term effects of fungicides on leaf-associated microorganisms and shredder populations-an artificial stream study. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:2178-2189. [PMID: 28160498 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Leaf litter is a major source of carbon and energy for stream food webs, while both leaf-decomposing microorganisms and macroinvertebrate leaf shredders can be affected by fungicides. Despite the potential for season-long fungicide exposure for these organisms, however, such chronic exposures have not yet been considered. Using an artificial stream facility, effects of a chronic (lasting up to 8 wk) exposure to a mixture of 5 fungicides (sum concentration 20 μg/L) on leaf-associated microorganisms and the key leaf shredder Gammarus fossarum were therefore assessed. While bacterial density and microorganism-mediated leaf decomposition remained unaltered, fungicide exposure reduced fungal biomass (≤71%) on leaves from day 28 onward. Gammarids responded to the combined stress from consumption of fungicide-affected leaves and waterborne exposure with a reduced abundance (≤18%), which triggered reductions in final population biomass (18%) and in the number of precopula pairs (≤22%) but could not fully explain the decreased leaf consumption (19%), lipid content (≤43%; going along with an altered composition of fatty acids), and juvenile production (35%). In contrast, fine particulate organic matter production and stream respiration were unaffected. Our results imply that long-term exposure of leaf-associated fungi and shredders toward fungicides may result in detrimental implications in stream food webs and impairments of detrital material fluxes. These findings render it important to understand decomposer communities' long-term adaptational capabilities to ensure that functional integrity is safeguarded. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2178-2189. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen P Zubrod
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Dominic Englert
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Jakob Wolfram
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Ricki R Rosenfeldt
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
- nEcoTox, Schifferstadt, Germany
| | - Alexander Feckler
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Bundschuh
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Frank Seitz
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
- nEcoTox, Schifferstadt, Germany
| | - Marco Konschak
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Patrick Baudy
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Simon Lüderwald
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Patrick Fink
- Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Lorke
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Ralf Schulz
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Mirco Bundschuh
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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48
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Dawoud M, Bundschuh M, Goedkoop W, McKie BG. Interactive effects of an insecticide and a fungicide on different organism groups and ecosystem functioning in a stream detrital food web. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 186:215-221. [PMID: 28324829 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are often affected by cocktails of multiple pesticides targeting different organism groups. Prediction and evaluation of the ecosystem-level effects of these mixtures is complicated by the potential not only for interactions among the pesticides themselves, but also for the pesticides to alter biotic interactions across trophic levels. In a stream microcosm experiment, we investigated the effects of two pesticides targeting two organism groups (the insecticide lindane and fungicide azoxystrobin) on the functioning of a model stream detrital food web consisting of a detritivore (Ispoda: Asellus aquaticus) and microbes (an assemblage of fungal hyphomycetes) consuming leaf litter. We assessed how these pesticides interacted with the presence and absence of the detritivore to affect three indicators of ecosystem functioning - leaf decomposition, fungal biomass, fungal sporulation - as well as detritivore mortality. Leaf decomposition rates were more strongly impacted by the fungicide than the insecticide, reflecting especially negative effects on leaf processing by detritivores. This result most like reflects reduced fungal biomass and increased detritivore mortality under the fungicide treatment. Fungal sporulation was elevated by exposure to both the insecticide and fungicide, possibly representing a stress-induced increase in investment in propagule dispersal. Stressor interactions were apparent in the impacts of the combined pesticide treatment on fungal sporulation and detritivore mortality, which were reduced and elevated relative to the single stressor treatments, respectively. These results demonstrate the potential of trophic and multiple stressor interactions to modulate the ecosystem-level impacts of chemicals, highlighting important challenges in predicting, understanding and evaluating the impacts of multiple chemical stressors on more complex food webs in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohab Dawoud
- Department of Aquatic Sciences & Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Low Emission Capacity Building Project, 53 Misr- Helwan Elzerayea Rd., Lo'Lo'at Elmaadi Tower, Entrance C, Floor 5, Maadi, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mirco Bundschuh
- Department of Aquatic Sciences & Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Willem Goedkoop
- Department of Aquatic Sciences & Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Brendan G McKie
- Department of Aquatic Sciences & Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Vu HT, Keough MJ, Long SM, Pettigrove VJ. Effects of two commonly used fungicides on the amphipod Austrochiltonia subtenuis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:720-726. [PMID: 27530466 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fungicides are used widely in agriculture and have been detected in adjacent rivers and wetlands. However, relatively little is known about the potential effects of fungicides on aquatic organisms. The present study investigated the effects of 2 commonly used fungicides, the boscalid fungicide Filan® and the myclobutanil fungicide Systhane™ 400 WP, on life history traits (survival, growth, and reproduction) and energy reserves (lipid, protein, and glycogen content) of the amphipod Austrochiltonia subtenuis under laboratory conditions, at concentrations detected in aquatic environments. Amphipods were exposed to 3 concentrations of Filan (1 μg active ingredient [a.i.]/L, 10 μg a.i./L, and 40 μg a.i./L) and Systhane (0.3 μg a.i./L, 3 μg a.i./L, and 30 μg a.i./L) over 56 d. Both fungicides had similar effects on the amphipod at the organism level. Reproduction was the most sensitive endpoint, with offspring produced in controls but none produced in any of the fungicide treatments, and total numbers of gravid females in all fungicide treatments were reduced by up to 95%. Female amphipods were more sensitive than males in terms of growth. Systhane had significant effects on survival at all concentrations, whereas significant effects of Filan on survival were observed only at 10 μg a.i./L and 40 μg a.i./L. The effects of fungicides on energy reserves of the female amphipod were different. Filan significantly reduced amphipod protein content, whereas Systhane significantly reduced the lipid content. The present study demonstrates wide-ranging effects of 2 common fungicides on an ecologically important species that has a key role in trophic transfer and nutrient recycling in aquatic environments. These results emphasize the importance of considering the long-term effects of fungicides in the risk assessment of aquatic ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:720-726. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung T Vu
- Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael J Keough
- Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara M Long
- Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vincent J Pettigrove
- Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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50
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Elskus AA, Smalling KL, Hladik ML, Kuivila KM. Effects of two fungicide formulations on microbial and macroinvertebrate leaf decomposition under laboratory conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:2834-2844. [PMID: 27110671 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic fungi contribute significantly to the decomposition of leaves in streams, a key ecosystem service. Little is known, however, about the effects of fungicides on aquatic fungi and macroinvertebrates involved with leaf decomposition. Red maple (Acer rubrum) leaves were conditioned in a stream to acquire microbes (bacteria and fungi) or leached in tap water (unconditioned) to simulate potential reduction of microbial biomass by fungicides. Conditioned leaves were exposed to fungicide formulations QUILT (azoxystrobin + propiconazole) or PRISTINE (boscalid + pyraclostrobin) in the presence and absence of the leaf shredder, Hyalella azteca (amphipods; 7-d old at start of exposures) for 14 d at 23 °C. The QUILT formulations (∼0.3 μg/L, 1.8 μg/L, and 8 μg/L) tended to increase leaf decomposition by amphipods (not significant) without a concomitant increase in amphipod biomass, indicating potential increased consumption of leaves with reduced nutritional value. The PRISTINE formulation (∼33 μg/L) significantly reduced amphipod growth and biomass (p < 0.05), effects similar to those observed with unconditioned controls. The significant suppressive effects of PRISTINE on amphipod growth and the trend toward increased leaf decomposition with increasing QUILT concentration indicate the potential for altered leaf decay in streams exposed to fungicides. Further work is needed to evaluate fungicide effects on leaf decomposition under conditions relevant to stream ecosystems, including temperature shifts and pulsed exposures to pesticide mixtures. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2834-2844. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adria A Elskus
- US Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, Maine Field Office, University of Maine, Orono, Maine.
| | - Kelly L Smalling
- US Geological Survey, New Jersey Water Science Center, Lawrenceville, New Jersey
| | - Michelle L Hladik
- US Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, Sacramento, California
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