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Moskovchenko D, Pozhitkov R, Lodygin E, Toptygina M. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Snow Cover in the City of Tyumen (Western Siberia, Russia). TOXICS 2022; 10:743. [PMID: 36548576 PMCID: PMC9785694 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10120743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Some of Russia's large industrial cities are sources of hazardous contamination in the environment. Tyumen is one of the most rapidly developing cities in Siberia due to oil and gas extraction in the northern Tyumen Region. Concentrations of 14 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)s deposited with the particulate matter (PM) of snow in the city of Tyumen were determined by liquid chromatography. In the background area, the rate of atmospheric particulate deposition was shown to be low, and the mean total content of 14 PAHs had a value of 6.2 ng L-1, which is lower than many unpolluted areas on Earth. In the city of Tyumen, the mean content of PM was five times higher and the mean total content of 14 PAHs was twenty times higher as compared to the background. The contents of chrysene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, and benzo(a)pyrene were increased by multiples of 78, 77, and 32, respectively. The rates of ∑14 PAH deposition with airborne PM over the winter ranged from 1.1 to 65.5 μg m-2. Calculations of BaP toxic equivalent showed maximal toxicity within the transport zone. Both analysis of spatial distribution and diagnostic ratios showed that the PAHs were mainly from coal combustion and vehicle emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Moskovchenko
- Tyumen Scientific Centre, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Malygina St., 86, 625026 Tyumen, Russia
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Tyumen State University, Osipenko Str. 2, 625003 Tyumen, Russia
| | - Roman Pozhitkov
- Tyumen Scientific Centre, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Malygina St., 86, 625026 Tyumen, Russia
| | - Evgeny Lodygin
- Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Marina Toptygina
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Tyumen State University, Osipenko Str. 2, 625003 Tyumen, Russia
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2
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Santos DD, Santos OSL, Domingos M, Rinaldi MCS. Pah levels in the soil-litter-vegetation-atmosphere system of Atlantic Forest remnants in Southeast Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:293. [PMID: 35332388 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09946-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although the Brazilian Atlantic Forest is a hotspot for biodiversity conservation, it is one of the most fragmented biomes in Brazil and also affected by air pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The study aimed at measuring the PAH levels in leaf trees, litter, soil, and atmosphere of two Atlantic Forest remnants impacted by air pollutants during summer and winter periods; identifying emission sources; and investigating the relationship among the PAH concentrations in the soil, litter, leaves, and atmosphere. Site 1 is situated in the largest South American city, with rainy summers and dry winters, and characterized by intense urbanization. Site 2 is situated in a large forest continuum and is characterized by wet climate with no defined dry seasons. It is more distant from the anthropogenic urban sources than site 1, but closer to an industrial complex. No differences were detected for PAH amounts (summer + winter) in the particles and wet deposition fluxes between sites. In site 1, the highest concentrations of PAHs in the particles were measured during the winter while in the leaf trees were measured during the summer. PMF model showed that sites 1 and 2 receive PAHs mainly from vehicle emissions and industrial activities, respectively. The accumulation of heavier compounds in soil and leaves via wet deposition was more evident in site 2. PAHs were mainly stored in the soil of site 1, contrasting with site 2, where they were retained in litter, which were attributed to disturbances of decomposer community and reduced decomposition rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marisa Domingos
- Instituto de Botânica, Caixa Postal, São Paulo, 68041, 04045-972, Brazil
| | - Mirian C S Rinaldi
- Instituto de Botânica, Caixa Postal, São Paulo, 68041, 04045-972, Brazil.
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3
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Su B, Zhang G, Zhuo Z, Xie Q, Du X, Fu Y, Wu S, Huang F, Bi X, Li X, Li L, Zhou Z. Different characteristics of individual particles from light-duty diesel vehicle at the launching and idling state by AAC-SPAMS. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 418:126304. [PMID: 34329016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of cities and economic prosperity greatly motivates the growth of vehicular exhaust particles, especially the diesel-exhausted particles from the large fleet of passenger and freight, which present profound implications on climate, air quality, and biological health (e.g., pulmonary, autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases). As important physiochemical properties of atmospheric aerosols, however, the mixing state and effective density of individual particles emitted from diesel-powered vehicles under different driving conditions and their environmental implications remain uncertain. Here, a single-particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS) was used to investigate the chemical composition and vacuum aerodynamic diameter (Dva), along with the aerodynamic diameter (Da) from an aerodynamic aerosol classifier (AAC), to determine the effective density of primary particles emitted from a light- duty diesel vehicle (LDDV) under the launching and idling engine states. Interestingly, the particle types and effective density appear to vary significantly with the engine status. A single particle type of Ca-rich particles, named Na-Ca-PAH, was predominant in the idling state, whose chemical components may be affected by the lubricants and incomplete combustion, contributing to a higher effective density (0.66 ± 0.21 g cm-3). In contrast, launching particles exhibited a lower effective density (0.34 ± 0.17 g cm-3) because of the substantial elemental carbon (EC). In addition, the effective density depends not only on the particle size but also on the chemical components with various abundances. EC and Ca play opposite roles in the effective density of LDDV emissions. Notably, a higher proportion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was observed in the idling particles, contributing to 78 ± 1.2%. Given the high contribution to these PAH-containing particles in the idling state, indispensable precautions should be taken at bus stops or waiting for pedestrians. This study provides more comprehensive insights into the initial characteristics of LDDV particles due to the launching and idling states, which is beneficial for improving the model results of source apportionment and understanding its environmental behavior regarding human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojiang Su
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Zeming Zhuo
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Qinhui Xie
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Xubing Du
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - YuZhen Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Si Wu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Fugui Huang
- Guangzhou Hexin Analytical Instrument Limited Company, Guangzhou 510530, PR China
| | - Xinhui Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Lei Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
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Guo Y, Laux SJ, Burdier M, Gao P, Ma LQ, Townsend TG. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in processed yard trash. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2020; 38:825-830. [PMID: 32462994 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x20925154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work examines polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in yard trash at various stages of the yard trash management cycle of collection, stockpiling, grinding and screening into mulch, and composting. Total extractable PAH concentrations were measured in yard trash at various management stages from 10 locations in Florida. The concentrations of 16 PAH compounds in processed yard trash ranged from 0.38 to 14 mg kg-1. PAH concentrations were detected in vegetative material harvested from a residential neighborhood, but were below the United States Environmental Protection Agency residential regional screening levels (RSLs). PAH concentrations near or above the RSLs were common in both unprocessed and processed yard trash collected at waste management facilities. PAH concentrations were amongst the highest in newly ground yard trash samples and were amongst the lowest in composted yard trash samples. These findings are important because land application of some waste materials, such as construction and demolition debris fines and street sweepings, are sometimes limited due to PAH. If processed yard trash, which is commonly land applied in residential settings, possesses similar PAH concentrations, evaluation of current risk assessment practices for land-applied wastes may require further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Guo
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Steven J Laux
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Melissa Burdier
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Peng Gao
- Soil and Water Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Lena Q Ma
- Soil and Water Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Timothy G Townsend
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
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Chaber P, Gworek B. Surface horizons of forest soils for the diagnosis of soil environment contamination and toxicity caused by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231359. [PMID: 32287304 PMCID: PMC7156036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants that are released into soils primarily from the air, with wet and dry deposition. To assess the contamination of the forest soil environment, soil samples were collected from organic and mineral horizons from three study areas representing a gradient of pollution across Poland (the ‘pollution transect’). The soils examined varied in PAH contents, generally from 124.3 μg·kg-1 dw in the areas deemed to be the background zone to 9165.5 μk·kg-1 dw in industrial areas in the O horizon and from 12.6 μk·kg-1 dw to 4454.6 μk·kg-1 dw in the A horizon. The PAH toxicities oscillated from 20.0–2670.8 μg TEQ·kg-1 dw in the O horizon and from 1.73–694.7 μg TEQ·kg-1 dw in the A horizon. The enrichment factor values point to a more intensive accumulation of PAHs with relatively high molecular weights along the pollution transect. The PAH diagnostic ratio values indicated that the main PAH emission sources were from coal and wood combustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Chaber
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Risk Assessment, Institute of Environmental Protection – National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Barbara Gworek
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Risk Assessment, Institute of Environmental Protection – National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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Roszko MŁ, Juszczyk K, Szczepańska M, Świder O, Szymczyk K. Background levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and legacy organochlorine pesticides in wheat sampled in 2017 and 2018 in Poland. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:142. [PMID: 31982958 PMCID: PMC6982639 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-8097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Both polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and legacy organochlorine insecticides (OCPs), including DDT, are dangerous chemical contaminants. The aims of this study were to (i) determine background levels of PAHs and legacy OCPs for wheat samples collected in 2017 and 2018 in Poland, (ii) identify differences between levels in wheat harvested in various regions of Poland, (iii) evaluate differences in contamination sources manifested by the profiles of the identified chemicals, (iv) identify possible correlations between different classes of chemicals present in wheat, and (v) assess the health risks associated with the presence of PAHs and OCPs in Polish wheat. Average concentrations found in the samples were 0.09 ± 0.03 μg kg-1 for benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) (formerly used as a single PAH marker), 0.43 ± 0.16 for the more recently introduced collective PAH 4 marker (benzo[a]anthracene + benzo[a]pyrene + chrysene + benzo[b]fluoranthene), and 1.07 ± 0.68 μg kg-1 for DDT and its metabolites. The PAH profiles indicated contamination from combustion-related emission sources (liquid fossil fuels, coal, biomass). Health risks associated with the presence of PAHs and OCPs in cereals were assessed using the margin of exposure (MOE) approach. The MOE values calculated based on the highest concentrations found in this study exceeded 50,000 for both BaP and PAH 4. The calculated worst-case scenario value for DDT and metabolites was as low as 0.3% of the respective tolerable daily intake (TDI) value. Assessment of dietary risk has shown that the presence of the two contaminant classes in Polish wheat grains is of low concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Łukasz Roszko
- Department of Food Analysis, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Karolina Juszczyk
- Department of Food Analysis, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szczepańska
- Department of Food Analysis, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Świder
- Department of Food Analysis, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna Szymczyk
- Department of Food Analysis, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Levshina S. Distribution and Characteristic of PAHs in snow of the Urban and Reserve Areas of Southern Far East Russia. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 102:160-167. [PMID: 30649579 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-02533-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The 16 priority PAHs were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed in snow samples collected at 9 stations in the City of Khabarovsk and at 3 stations in the Bol'shekhekhtsirsky State Nature Reserve during 2014-2015 and 2016-2017. The HPLC analysis revealed that the range of Σ13PAH concentrations detected in snow collected in the Khabarovsk City area during 2015 and 2017 were between 42.83 and 441.13 and 43.00-695.73 ng/L, while in the reserve area concentrations were 34.77-59.61 and 38.92-79.80 ng/L, respectively. The markers identified pyrogenic, petrogenic and mixed sources of emission. The toxic equivalent quantity varied in the urban and reserve areas from 0.89 to 40.62 ng/L and from 1.01 to 2.92 ng/L accordingly. BaP mainly contributed (56.4%-86.2%) to the total PAH toxicity. The transboundary transfer of BaP and anthracene was revealed in the reserve area. The quality of the snow polluted by polyarenes is satisfactory in the study areas except for city roads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Levshina
- Institute of Water and Ecology Problems, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 56, Dikopol'tseva Street, 680000, Khabarovsk, Russia.
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Liu Y, Gao P, Su J, da Silva EB, de Oliveira LM, Townsend T, Xiang P, Ma LQ. PAHs in urban soils of two Florida cities: Background concentrations, distribution, and sources. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 214:220-227. [PMID: 30265929 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous organic contaminants, which are found in soils throughout the U.S. The objective of this study was to determine the background concentrations, distributions, and sources of 16 USEPA priority PAHs in two urban soils. A total of 114 soil samples were collected from two large cities in Florida: Orlando and Tampa. The results showed that soils were dominated by high molecular weight PAHs in both cities. The average ∑16-PAHs in Orlando and Tampa soils were 3227 and 4562 μg kg-1, respectively. The averages of 7 carcinogenic PAHs based on the benzo[a]pyrene-equivalent (BaP-EQ) concentrations in the two cities were 452 and 802 μg kg-1. BaP-EQ concentrations in 60-62% of samples were higher than the Florida Soil Cleanup Target Level (FSCTL) for residential soils at 100 μg kg-1 and 20-25% of samples were higher than FSCTL for industrial soils at 700 μg kg-1. Based on molecular diagnostic ratios and PMF modeling, major sources of soil PAHs in both cities were similar, mainly from pyrogenic sources including vehicle emissions, and biomass and coal combustion. Based on ArcGIS mapping, PAH concentrations in soils near business districts and high traffic roads were higher. Thus, it is important to consider background PAH concentrations in urban soils when considering soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yungen Liu
- Research Center for Soil Contamination and Environmental Remediation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Research Center for Soil Contamination and Environmental Remediation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China; Soil and Water Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Evandro B da Silva
- Soil and Water Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Letúzia M de Oliveira
- Soil and Water Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Timothy Townsend
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Ping Xiang
- Research Center for Soil Contamination and Environmental Remediation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China.
| | - Lena Q Ma
- Research Center for Soil Contamination and Environmental Remediation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China; Soil and Water Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
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Gaspéri J, Ayrault S, Moreau-Guigon E, Alliot F, Labadie P, Budzinski H, Blanchard M, Muresan B, Caupos E, Cladière M, Gateuille D, Tassin B, Bordier L, Teil MJ, Bourges C, Desportes A, Chevreuil M, Moilleron R. Contamination of soils by metals and organic micropollutants: case study of the Parisian conurbation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:23559-23573. [PMID: 27832438 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Soils are playing a central role in the transfer and accumulation of anthropogenic pollutants in urbanized regions. Hence, this study aimed at examining the contamination levels of selected soils collected within and around the Paris conurbation (France). This also evaluated factors controlling contamination. Twenty-three trace and major elements as well as 82 organic micropollutants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), phthalates (PAEs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), alkylphenols (APs), and perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) were analyzed. Results reinforced the concern raised by the occurrence and levels of metals such as Zn, Pb, Cu, and Hg, identified as metallic markers of anthropogenic activities, but also pointed out the ubiquitous contamination of soils by organic micropollutants in the 0.2-55,000-μg/kg dw range. For well-documented compounds like PAHs, PCBs, and to a lesser extent PBDEs, contents were in the range of background levels worldwide. The pollutant stock in tested soil was compared to the annual atmospheric input. For PAHs; Pb; and to a lesser extent Zn, Cu, Cd, Hg, Sb, PAEs, and APs, a significant stock was observed, far more important than the recent annual atmospheric fluxes. This resulted from both (i) the persistence of a fraction of pollutants in surface soils and (ii) the cumulative atmospheric inputs over several decades. Regarding PBDEs and PFASs, stronger atmospheric input contributions were observed, thereby highlighting their recent dispersal into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Gaspéri
- LEESU, Université Paris-Est, UMR-MA102, 61 av du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France.
| | - Sophie Ayrault
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Elodie Moreau-Guigon
- UMR METIS 7619, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Universités, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Alliot
- UMR METIS 7619, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Universités, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Labadie
- UMR 5805 EPOC, Equipe LPTC, Université de Bordeaux, 351 crs de la Libération, 33405, Talence, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- UMR 5805 EPOC, Equipe LPTC, Université de Bordeaux, 351 crs de la Libération, 33405, Talence, France
| | - Martine Blanchard
- UMR METIS 7619, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Universités, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Bogdan Muresan
- LEESU, Université Paris-Est, UMR-MA102, 61 av du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Emilie Caupos
- LEESU, Université Paris-Est, UMR-MA102, 61 av du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Mathieu Cladière
- LEESU, Université Paris-Est, UMR-MA102, 61 av du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - David Gateuille
- LEESU, Université Paris-Est, UMR-MA102, 61 av du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Bruno Tassin
- LEESU, Université Paris-Est, UMR-MA102, 61 av du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Louise Bordier
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Jeanne Teil
- UMR METIS 7619, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Universités, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Bourges
- UMR METIS 7619, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Universités, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Annie Desportes
- UMR METIS 7619, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Universités, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Marc Chevreuil
- UMR METIS 7619, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Universités, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Régis Moilleron
- LEESU, Université Paris-Est, UMR-MA102, 61 av du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
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10
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Shi R, Xu M, Liu A, Tian Y, Zhao Z. Characteristics of PAHs in farmland soil and rainfall runoff in Tianjin, China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:558. [PMID: 29032441 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rainfall runoff can remove certain amounts of pollutants from contaminated farmland soil and result in a decline in water quality. However, the leaching behaviors of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with rainfall have been rarely reported due to wide variations in the soil compositions, rainfall conditions, and sources of soil PAHs in complex farmland ecosystems. In this paper, the levels, spatial distributions, and composition profiles of PAHs in 30 farmland soil samples and 49 rainfall-runoff samples from the Tianjin region in 2012 were studied to investigate their leaching behaviors caused by rainfall runoff. The contents of the Σ16PAHs ranged from 58.53 to 3137.90 μg/kg in the soil and 146.58 to 3636.59 μg/L in the runoff. In total, most of the soil sampling sites (23 of 30) were contaminated, and biomass and petroleum combustion were proposed as the main sources of the soil PAHs. Both the spatial distributions of the soil and the runoff PAHs show a decreasing trend moving away from the downtown, which suggested that the leaching behaviors of PAHs in a larger region during rainfall may be mainly affected by the compounds themselves. In addition, 4- and 5-ring PAHs are the dominant components in farmland soil and 3- and 4-ring PAHs dominate the runoff. Comparisons of the PAH pairs and enrichment ratios showed that acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, and fluoranthene were more easily transferred into water systems from soil than benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[ghi]perylene, and indeno[123-cd]pyrene, which indicated that PAHs with low molecular weight are preferentially dissolved due to their higher solubility compared to those with high molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongguang Shi
- Agro-Environment Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300091, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Aifeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongshan Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China.
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Bunkoed O, Rueankaew T, Nurerk P, Kanatharana P. Polyaniline-coated cigarette filters as a solid-phase extraction sorbent for the extraction and enrichment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in water samples. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:2332-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Opas Bunkoed
- Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center; Prince of Songkla University; Hat Yai Songkhla Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Prince of Songkla University; Hat Yai Songkhla Thailand
| | - Thanaschaphorn Rueankaew
- Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center; Prince of Songkla University; Hat Yai Songkhla Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Prince of Songkla University; Hat Yai Songkhla Thailand
| | - Piyaluk Nurerk
- Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center; Prince of Songkla University; Hat Yai Songkhla Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Prince of Songkla University; Hat Yai Songkhla Thailand
| | - Proespichaya Kanatharana
- Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center; Prince of Songkla University; Hat Yai Songkhla Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Prince of Songkla University; Hat Yai Songkhla Thailand
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Pietrogrande MC, Bacco D, Ferrari S, Ricciardelli I, Scotto F, Trentini A, Visentin M. Characteristics and major sources of carbonaceous aerosols in PM2.5 in Emilia Romagna Region (Northern Italy) from four-year observations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 553:172-183. [PMID: 26925729 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of organic and elemental carbon in PM2.5 aerosol samples were measured in two sites of Emilia Romagna (Po Valley, Northern Italy) in eight campaigns during different seasons from 2011 to 2014. Strong seasonality was observed with the highest OC concentrations during the cold periods (≈ 5.5 μg m(-3)) and the lowest in the warm months (≈ 2.7 μg m(-3)) as well as with higher EC levels in fall/winter (≈ 1.4 μg m(-3)) in comparison with spring/summer (≈ 0.6 μg m(-3)). Concerning spatial variability, there were no statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between OC concentrations at the two sampling sites in each campaign, while the EC values were nearly twofold higher levels at the urban site than those at the rural one. Specific molecular markers were investigated to attempt the basic apportionment of OC by discriminating between the main emission sources of primary OC, such as fossil fuels burning - including traffic vehicle emission - residential wood burning, and bio-aerosol released from plants and microorganisms, and the atmospheric photo-oxidation processes generating OCsec. The investigated markers were low-molecular-weight carboxylic acids - to describe the contribution of secondary organic aerosol - anhydrosugars - to quantify primary emissions from biomass burning - bio-sugars - to qualitatively estimate biogenic sources - and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - to differentiate among different combustion emissions. Using the levoglucosan tracer method, contribution of wood smoke to atmospheric OC concentration was computed. Wood burning accounts for 33% of OC in fall/winter and for 3% in spring/summer. A clear seasonal trend is also observed for the impact of secondary processes with higher contribution in the warm seasons (≈ 63%) in comparison with that in colder months (≈ 33%), that is consistent with enhanced solar radiation in spring/summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Pietrogrande
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Dimitri Bacco
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy; Regional Agency for Prevention and Environment-ARPA, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Silvia Ferrari
- Regional Agency for Prevention and Environment-ARPA, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | | | - Fabiana Scotto
- Regional Agency for Prevention and Environment-ARPA, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Arianna Trentini
- Regional Agency for Prevention and Environment-ARPA, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Marco Visentin
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
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