1
|
Lahens L, Correa JA, Cabana H, Huot Y, Segura PA. Influence of anthropogenic activities on the trace organic contamination of lakes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175087. [PMID: 39074750 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities and urbanization can lead to the discharge of organic compounds into surface waters. It is important to investigate these relationships further to mitigate contamination better and prioritize protection efforts. This study aimed to verify the effect of specific anthropogenic factors on lake water contamination caused by trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides and consumer product additives. Data on the detection and concentration levels of 54 TrOCs, major anthropogenic land use, and human activities from a large-scale study on Canadian lakes were used to reach this goal. The association of population and livestock densities, the presence of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and hospitals as well as the agricultural and urban land use in the lakes' watersheds on lake water contamination was investigated by applying negative binomial and ordinal logistic regression models. These models were also controlled for lake/watershed area ratio, lake depth, water, residence time, watershed slope, precipitation, and sampling date. The statistical analysis confirmed that agricultural land use, urban land use, and WWTPs plants in lake watersheds are significantly associated with the number of TrOCs detected (incidence rate ratio > 1, p < 0.001) and the summed concentration of targeted TrOCs (odds ratio > 1, p < 0.001). Agricultural land use (odds ratio = 1.58, p < 0.001) and urban land use (odds ratio = 1.19, p < 0.02) were also significantly associated with the summed concentration of the targeted pesticides. This latter outcome thus suggests that urban centers are also important contributors to the concentration levels of pesticides in lakes. Overall, these results demonstrate that even in complex ecosystems such as lakes, it is possible to use a limited number of factors to explain anthropogenic contamination. This can help policymakers make informed decisions on contamination mitigation and provide insights into watershed management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Lahens
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Groupe de Recherche sur l'Eau de l'Université de Sherbrooke (GREAUS, Université de Sherbrooke Water Research Group), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - José A Correa
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hubert Cabana
- Groupe de Recherche sur l'Eau de l'Université de Sherbrooke (GREAUS, Université de Sherbrooke Water Research Group), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Yannick Huot
- Department of Applied Geomatics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Pedro A Segura
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Groupe de Recherche sur l'Eau de l'Université de Sherbrooke (GREAUS, Université de Sherbrooke Water Research Group), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Elliott SM, King KA, Krall AL, VanderMeulen DD. Trace organic contaminants in U.S. national park surface waters: Prevalence and ecological context. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 362:125006. [PMID: 39307338 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Surface water samples were collected from 264 sites across 46 U.S national parks during the period of 2009-2019. The number of sites within each park ranged from 1 to 31 and the number of samples collected within each park ranged from 1 to 201. Samples were analyzed for up to 340 trace organic contaminants (TrOCs), including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides, and various contaminants indicative of anthropogenic influence (e.g., fragrances, surfactants, flame retardants). A total of 155 TrOCs was detected in at least one sample with concentrations ranging from the reporting level of 10 ng/L (multiple contaminants) to 11,900 ng/L (p-cresol). Except for bisphenol A, DEET, theobromine, and gabapentin, TrOCs were detected in <20% of samples. Despite the relatively low detection frequencies, when TrOCs were detected, concentrations were similar to those reported from other regional or national studies. We compared detected concentrations to bioactivity concentrations and water quality benchmarks, when available, to identify occurrences of elevated concentrations and to estimate the potential for biological effects to aquatic biota. Elevated concentrations of 27 TrOCs, mostly pesticides, were detected throughout the study. To gain insight regarding potential sources, we related watershed characteristics (e.g., land cover, presence of point sources) to the number of TrOCs detected at each site. We found that the presence of wastewater treatment plants and the proportion of the watershed classified as agricultural land were the most influential variables for describing the number of pharmaceuticals and the number of pesticides present, respectively. This study represents the largest-scale study characterizing the presence and magnitude of TrOCs in U.S. national park surface waters, to date. These data provide a baseline that can be used to inform future monitoring within the parks and to assess changes in water quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Elliott
- U.S. Geological Survey Upper Midwest Science Center, Mounds View, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Kerensa A King
- U.S. National Park Service Water Resources Division, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Aliesha L Krall
- U.S. Geological Survey Upper Midwest Science Center, Mounds View, Minnesota, USA
| | - David D VanderMeulen
- U.S. National Park Service Great Lakes Inventory & Monitoring Network, Ashland, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Beckner-Stetson N, Funk K, Estabrooks M, Dunn A, Doulatyari B, Barrett K, Vriens B. Water quality dynamics and underlying controls in the Halton Region, Ontario. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:677. [PMID: 38949676 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12833-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
We assessed the hydrochemistry of 15 watersheds in the Halton Region, southern Ontario, in high resolution (n > 500 samples across n > 40 streams) to characterize water quality dynamics and governing controls on major and trace element concentrations in this rapidly urbanizing region. In 2022, major water quality parameters were generally in line with historic monitoring data yet significantly different across catchments, e.g., in specific conductance, turbidity, phosphate and chloride, and trace element concentrations. Distinct hydrochemical signatures were observed between urban and rural creeks, with urban stream sections and sites near the river mouths close to Lake Ontario having consistently higher chloride (up to 700 mg/L) and occasional enrichment in nutrients levels (up to 8 and 20 mg/L phosphate and nitrate, respectively). Particularly upper reaches exhibited hydrochemical signatures that were reflective of the catchment surface lithologies, for instance through higher dissolved Ca to Mg ratios. Unlike for chloride and phosphate, provincial water quality guidelines for trace elements and heavy metals were seldom surpassed (on < 10 occasions for copper, zinc, cadmium, and uranium). Concentrations of other trace elements (e.g., platinum group elements or rare earth elements) were expectedly low (< 0.3 µg/L) but showed spatiotemporal concentration patterns and concentration-discharge dynamics different from those of the major water quality parameters. Our results help improve the understanding of surface water conditions within Halton's regional Natural Heritage Systems and demonstrate how enhanced environmental monitoring can deliver actionable information for watershed decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim Funk
- Halton Region Conservation Authority (Conservation Halton), Burlington, Canada
| | - Madeleine Estabrooks
- Department of Geological Sciences and Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Andrea Dunn
- Halton Region Conservation Authority (Conservation Halton), Burlington, Canada
| | | | - Kim Barrett
- Halton Region Conservation Authority (Conservation Halton), Burlington, Canada
| | - Bas Vriens
- Department of Geological Sciences and Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Beamud SG, Fernández H, Nichela D, Crego MP, Gonzalez-Polo M, Latini L, Aguiar MB, Diblasi L, Parolo ME, Temporetti P. Occurrence of Pharmaceutical Micropollutants in Lake Nahuel Huapi, Argentine Patagonia. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024; 43:1274-1284. [PMID: 38558040 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Tourism is one of the most important activities for the economy of Nor Patagonia Argentina. In Bariloche City, located on the shores of Lake Nahuel Huapi, both the permanent and the temporary populations have increased significantly in recent decades, and this has not necessarily been accompanied by an improvement in sewage networks. Emerging micropollutants such as pharmaceutical compounds reach aquatic systems directly, in the absence of a domestic sewage network, or through effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), which do not efficiently remove these substances and represent a major threat to the environment. Therefore, the objective of our study was to monitor the presence of pharmaceutical compounds discharged both through wastewater effluents and diffusely from housing developments into Lake Nahuel Huapi. The results obtained demonstrate the presence of pharmaceuticals in Lake Nahuel Huapi with concentrations ranging from not detectable (ND) to 110.6 ng L-1 (caffeine). The highest pharmaceutical concentration recorded in WWTP influent corresponded to caffeine (41728 ng L-1), and the lowest concentration was paracetamol (18.8 ng L-1). The removal efficiency of pharmaceuticals in the WWTP was calculated, and ranged from 0% for carbamazepine to 66% for ciprofloxacin. This antibiotic showed the lowest % of attenuation (73%) in Lake Nahuel Huapi. These results on the occurrence of a wide variety of pharmaceuticals are the first generated in Patagonia, representing a regional baseline for this type of micropollutant and valuable information for the subsequent design of removal strategies for emerging pharmaceutical pollutants in surface water. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1274-1284. © 2024 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Guadalupe Beamud
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Horacio Fernández
- Sewerage Service, Treatment Plant, Cooperativa de Electricidad Bariloche, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Daniela Nichela
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Maria Paula Crego
- Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Marina Gonzalez-Polo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Lorena Latini
- Centro de Investigación en Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Neuquén, Argentina
| | - María Belén Aguiar
- Centro de Investigación en Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Lorena Diblasi
- Centro de Investigación en Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Neuquén, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Parolo
- Centro de Investigación en Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Pedro Temporetti
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Richard MA, Elliott S, Hummel SL, Woolnough DA, Rzodkiewicz LD, Gill SP, Rappold J, Annis ML. Reduced Freshwater Mussel Juvenile Production as a Result of Agricultural and Urban Contaminant Mixture Exposures. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38517160 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Freshwater mussels provide invaluable ecological services but are threatened by habitat alteration, poor water quality, invasive species, climate change, and contaminants, including contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). Contaminants of emerging concerns are well documented in aquatic environments, including the Great Lakes Basin, but limited information is available on how environmentally relevant mixtures affect freshwater mussel biology throughout their varied life stages. Our main goal was to assess mussels' reproductive output in response to exposure to agricultural and urban CEC mixtures during glochidial development through juvenile transformation and excystment focusing on how exposure duration and treatment affect: (1) the number of glochidia prematurely released by brooding females, (2) glochidial transformation through host-fish excystment, and (3) the number of fully metamorphosed juveniles able to continue the lifecycle. Mussels and host fish were exposed to either a control water (CW), control ethanol (CE), agriculture CEC mixture (AM), or urban CEC mixture (UM) for 40 and 100 days. We found no effect from treatment or exposure duration on the number of glochidia prematurely released. Fewer partially and fully metamorphosed AM juveniles were observed during the 100-day exposure, compared with the 40-day. During the 40-day exposure, CW produced more fully metamorphosed individuals compared with CE and UM, but during the 100-day exposure AM produced more fully metamorphosed individuals compared with the CW. There was reduction in fully metamorphosed juveniles compared with partially metamorphosed for CE and UM during the 40-day exposure, as well as in the CW during the 100-day exposure. These results will be important for understanding how mussel populations are affected by CEC exposure. The experiments also yielded many insights for laboratory toxicology exposure studies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-14. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Molly A Richard
- Upper Midwest Water Science Center, US Geological Survey, Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Sarah Elliott
- Upper Midwest Water Science Center, US Geological Survey, Mounds View, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stephanie L Hummel
- Midwest Regional Office, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Bloomington, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daelyn A Woolnough
- Department of Biology and Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan, USA
| | - Lacey D Rzodkiewicz
- Department of Biology and Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephanie P Gill
- Department of Biology and Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan, USA
| | - Justin Rappold
- Department of Biology and Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan, USA
| | - Mandy L Annis
- Michigan Ecological Services Field Office, US Fish & Wildlife Service, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
M A E, K K, N F, E D, M R, A F, S R, A L, K, H B, A J, E J. An assessment and characterization of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) within the Great Lakes Basin: Mussel Watch Program (2013-2018). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:345. [PMID: 38438687 PMCID: PMC10912168 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Defining the environmental occurrence and distribution of chemicals of emerging concern (CECs), including pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in coastal aquatic systems, is often difficult and complex. In this study, 70 compounds representing several classes of pharmaceuticals, including antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, insect repellant, antibacterial, antidepressants, chemotherapy drugs, and X-ray contrast media compounds, were found in dreissenid mussel (zebra/quagga; Dreissena spp.) tissue samples. Overall concentration and detection frequencies varied significantly among sampling locations, site land-use categories, and sites sampled proximate and downstream of point source discharge. Verapamil, triclocarban, etoposide, citalopram, diphenhydramine, sertraline, amitriptyline, and DEET (N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide) comprised the most ubiquitous PPCPs (> 50%) detected in dreissenid mussels. Among those compounds quantified in mussel tissue, sertraline, metformin, methylprednisolone, hydrocortisone, 1,7-dimethylxanthine, theophylline, zidovudine, prednisone, clonidine, 2-hydroxy-ibuprofen, iopamidol, and melphalan were detected at concentrations up to 475 ng/g (wet weight). Antihypertensives, antibiotics, and antidepressants accounted for the majority of the compounds quantified in mussel tissue. The results showed that PPCPs quantified in dreissenid mussels are occurring as complex mixtures, with 4 to 28 compounds detected at one or more sampling locations. The magnitude and composition of PPCPs detected were highest for sites not influenced by either WWTP or CSO discharge (i.e., non-WWTPs), strongly supporting non-point sources as important drivers and pathways for PPCPs detected in this study. As these compounds are detected at inshore and offshore locations, the findings of this study indicate that their persistence and potential risks are largely unknown, thus warranting further assessment and prioritization of these emerging contaminants in the Great Lakes Basin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edwards M A
- Monitoring and Assessment Branch, NOAA/NOS/NCCOS, 1305 East/West Highway, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA.
| | - Kimbrough K
- Monitoring and Assessment Branch, NOAA/NOS/NCCOS, 1305 East/West Highway, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Fuller N
- CSS-Inc., Under NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science Contract No, EA133C17BA0062 & EA133C17BA0049, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Davenport E
- Monitoring and Assessment Branch, NOAA/NOS/NCCOS, 1305 East/West Highway, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Rider M
- CSS-Inc., Under NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science Contract No, EA133C17BA0062 & EA133C17BA0049, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Freitag A
- Monitoring and Assessment Branch, NOAA/NOS/NCCOS, 1305 East/West Highway, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Regan S
- CSS-Inc., Under NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science Contract No, EA133C17BA0062 & EA133C17BA0049, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | | | - K
- Monitoring and Assessment Branch, NOAA/NOS/NCCOS, 1305 East/West Highway, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Burkart H
- CSS-Inc., Under NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science Contract No, EA133C17BA0062 & EA133C17BA0049, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Jacob A
- CSS-Inc., Under NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science Contract No, EA133C17BA0062 & EA133C17BA0049, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Johnson E
- Monitoring and Assessment Branch, NOAA/NOS/NCCOS, 1305 East/West Highway, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hammond MP, de Solla SR, Hughes KD, Bohannon MEB, Drouillard KG, Barrett GC, Bowerman WW. Legacy contaminant trends in the Great Lakes uncovered by the wildlife environmental quality index. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 343:123119. [PMID: 38092342 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Since the 1970s, wildlife managers have prioritized the recovery of Great Lakes ecosystems from contamination by Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). Monitoring and quantifying the region's recovery is challenged by the diversity of legacy contaminants in the environment and the lack of benchmarks for their potential biological effects. We address this gap by introducing the Wildlife Environmental Quality Index (WEQI) based on prior water and sediment quality indices. The tool summarizes, in a single score, the exposure of wildlife to harmful levels of multiple contaminants - with harmful levels set by published guidelines for protecting piscivorous wildlife from biological impacts. We applied the new index to a combined Canadian and American dataset of Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) egg data to elucidate trends in wildlife for eight legacy industrial pollutants and insecticides in the Great Lakes. Environmental quality of the Great Lakes region (as indexed by WEQI) improved by 18% between 2002 and 2017. Improvement came from reductions in both the scope of contamination (the number of guideline-exceeding contaminants) and its amplitude (the average size of guideline exceedances) at bird colonies. But recovery was unequal among lakes, with Lake Erie showing no improvement at one extreme. Weakly- or non-recovering lakes (Erie, Ontario, Huron) were marked by inconsistent improvement in scope and amplitude, likely due to ongoing loading, sediment resuspension and other stressors reported elsewhere. Fast-recovering lakes (Superior and Michigan), meanwhile, improved in both scope and amplitude. Contrasting trends and contaminant profiles (e.g., exceedances of PCBs versus DDTs) highlight the importance of lake-specific management for equalizing recoveries. Lower environmental quality at American than Canadian colonies, particularly in Lake Huron, further suggest uneven success in - and opportunities for - the binational management of wildlife exposure to legacy contaminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M P Hammond
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment & Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - S R de Solla
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment & Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, L7S 1A1, Canada.
| | - K D Hughes
- Broadwing Biological Consulting, Port Perry, Ontario, L9L 1J9, Canada
| | - M E B Bohannon
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, United States
| | - K G Drouillard
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research (GLIER), University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - G C Barrett
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment & Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - W W Bowerman
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Swenson JT, Ginder-Vogel M, Remucal CK. Influence of Divalent Cation Inhibition and Dissolved Organic Matter Enhancement on Phenol Oxidation Kinetics by Manganese Oxides. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:2479-2489. [PMID: 38265036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Manganese oxides can oxidize organic compounds, such as phenols, and may potentially be used in passive water treatment applications. However, the impact of common water constituents, including cations and dissolved organic matter (DOM), on this reaction is poorly understood. For example, the presence of DOM can increase or decrease phenol oxidation rates with manganese oxides. Furthermore, the interactions of DOM and cations and their impact on the phenol oxidation rates have not been examined. Therefore, we investigated the oxidation kinetics of six phenolic contaminants with acid birnessite in ten whole water samples. The oxidation rate constants of 4-chlorophenol, 4-tert-octylphenol, 4-bromophenol, and phenol consistently decreased in all waters relative to buffered ultrapure water, whereas the oxidation rate of bisphenol A and triclosan increased by up to 260% in some waters. Linear regression analyses and targeted experiments demonstrated that the inhibition of phenol oxidation is largely determined by cations. Furthermore, quencher experiments indicated that radical-mediated interactions from oxidized DOM contributed to enhanced oxidation of bisphenol A. The variable changes between compounds and water samples demonstrate the challenge of accurately predicting contaminant transformation rates in environmentally relevant systems based on experiments conducted in the absence of natural water constituents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna T Swenson
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Matthew Ginder-Vogel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Christina K Remucal
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ankley GT, Corsi SR, Custer CM, Ekman DR, Hummel SL, Kimbrough KL, Schoenfuss HL, Villeneuve DL. Assessing Contaminants of Emerging Concern in the Great Lakes Ecosystem: A Decade of Method Development and Practical Application. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:2506-2518. [PMID: 37642300 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the ecological risk of contaminants in the field typically involves consideration of a complex mixture of compounds which may or may not be detected via instrumental analyses. Further, there are insufficient data to predict the potential biological effects of many detected compounds, leading to their being characterized as contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). Over the past several years, advances in chemistry, toxicology, and bioinformatics have resulted in a variety of concepts and tools that can enhance the pragmatic assessment of the ecological risk of CECs. The present Focus article describes a 10+- year multiagency effort supported through the U.S. Great Lakes Restoration Initiative to assess the occurrence and implications of CECs in the North American Great Lakes. State-of-the-science methods and models were used to evaluate more than 700 sites in about approximately 200 tributaries across lakes Ontario, Erie, Huron, Michigan, and Superior, sometimes on multiple occasions. Studies featured measurement of up to 500 different target analytes in different environmental matrices, coupled with evaluation of biological effects in resident species, animals from in situ and laboratory exposures, and in vitro systems. Experimental taxa included birds, fish, and a variety of invertebrates, and measured endpoints ranged from molecular to apical responses. Data were integrated and evaluated using a diversity of curated knowledgebases and models with the goal of producing actionable insights for risk assessors and managers charged with evaluating and mitigating the effects of CECs in the Great Lakes. This overview is based on research and data captured in approximately about 90 peer-reviewed journal articles and reports, including approximately about 30 appearing in a virtual issue comprised of highlighted papers published in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry or Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2506-2518. © 2023 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald T Ankley
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Steven R Corsi
- Upper Midwest Water Science Center, US Geological Survey, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Christine M Custer
- Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, US Geological Survey, La Crosse, Wisconsin
| | - Drew R Ekman
- Ecosystem Processes Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia
| | - Stephanie L Hummel
- Great Lakes Regional Office, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Bloomington, Minnesota
| | - Kimani L Kimbrough
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Heiko L Schoenfuss
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel L Villeneuve
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Milstead RP, Berg SM, Kelly BM, Knellwolf CD, Larson CJ, Wammer KH, Remucal CK. Limitations of conventional approaches to identify photochemically produced reactive intermediates involved in contaminant indirect photodegradation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:1694-1707. [PMID: 37728410 PMCID: PMC10591881 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00304c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) mediated indirect photodegradation can play an important role in the degradation of aquatic contaminants. Predicting the rate of this process requires knowledge of the photochemically produced reactive intermediates (PPRI) that react with the compound of interest, as well as the ability of individual DOM samples to produce PPRI. Key PPRI are typically identified using quencher studies, yet this approach often leads to results that are difficult to interpret. In this work, we analyze the indirect photodegradation of atorvastatin, carbamazepine, sulfadiazine, and benzotriazole using a diverse set of 48 waters from natural and engineered aquatic systems. We use this large data set to evaluate relationships between PPRI formation and indirect photodegradation rate constants, which are directly compared to results using standard quenching experiments. These data demonstrate that triplet state DOM (3DOM) and singlet oxygen (1O2) are critical PPRI for atorvastatin, carbamazepine, and sulfadiazine, while hydroxyl radical (˙OH) contributes to the indirect photodegradation of benzotriazole. We caution against relying on quenching studies because quenching of 3DOM limits the formation of 1O2 and all studied quenchers react with ˙OH. Furthermore, we show that DOM composition directly influences indirect photodegradation and that low molecular weight, microbial-like DOM is positively correlated with the indirect photodegradation rates of carbamazepine, sulfadiazine, and benzotriazole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reid P Milstead
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 660 N. Park St., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
| | - Stephanie M Berg
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 660 N. Park St., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
| | - Bella M Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota 55105, USA
| | | | - Cooper J Larson
- Department of Chemistry, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota 55105, USA
| | - Kristine H Wammer
- Department of Chemistry, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota 55105, USA
| | - Christina K Remucal
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 660 N. Park St., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Maloney EM, Villeneuve DL, Blackwell BR, Vitense K, Corsi SR, Pronschinske MA, Jensen KM, Ankley GT. A framework for prioritizing contaminants in retrospective ecological assessments: Application in the Milwaukee Estuary (Milwaukee, WI). INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2023; 19:1276-1296. [PMID: 36524447 PMCID: PMC10601791 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Watersheds are subjected to diverse anthropogenic inputs, exposing aquatic biota to a wide range of chemicals. Detection of multiple, different chemicals can challenge natural resource managers who often have to determine where to allocate potentially limited resources. Here, we describe a weight-of-evidence framework for retrospectively prioritizing aquatic contaminants. To demonstrate framework utility, we used data from 96-h caged fish studies to prioritize chemicals detected in the Milwaukee Estuary (WI, USA; 2017-2018). Across study years, 77/178 targeted chemicals were detected. Chemicals were assigned prioritization scores based on spatial and temporal detection frequency, environmental distribution, environmental fate, ecotoxicological potential, and effect prediction. Chemicals were sorted into priority bins based on the intersection of prioritization score and data availability. Data-limited chemicals represented those that did not have sufficient data to adequately evaluate ecotoxicological potential or environmental fate. Seven compounds (fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, pyrene, atrazine, metolachlor, phenanthrene, and DEET) were identified as high or medium priority and data sufficient and flagged as candidates for further effects-based monitoring studies. Twenty-one compounds were identified as high or medium priority and data limited and flagged as candidates for further ecotoxicological research. Fifteen chemicals were flagged as the lowest priority in the watershed. One of these chemicals (2-methylnaphthalene) displayed no data limitations and was flagged as a definitively low-priority chemical. The remaining chemicals displayed some data limitations and were considered lower-priority compounds (contingent on further ecotoxicological and environmental fate assessments). The remaining 34 compounds were flagged as low or medium priority. Altogether, this prioritization provided a screening-level (non-definitive) assessment that could be used to focus further resource management and risk assessment activities in the Milwaukee Estuary. Furthermore, by providing detailed methodology and a practical example with real experimental data, we demonstrated that the proposed framework represents a transparent and adaptable approach for prioritizing contaminants in freshwater environments. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:1276-1296. © 2022 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Maloney
- Department of Biology, Swenson College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel L Villeneuve
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Brett R Blackwell
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kelsey Vitense
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Steven R Corsi
- US Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Water Science Center, Middleton, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Kathleen M Jensen
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gerald T Ankley
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pronschinske MA, Corsi SR, Hockings C. Evaluating pharmaceuticals and other organic contaminants in the Lac du Flambeau Chain of Lakes using risk-based screening techniques. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286571. [PMID: 37267346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In an investigation of pharmaceutical contamination in the Lac du Flambeau Chain of Lakes (hereafter referred to as "the Chain"), few contaminants were detected; only eight pharmaceuticals and one pesticide were identified among the 110 pharmaceuticals and other organic contaminants monitored in surface water samples. This study, conducted in cooperation with the Lac du Flambeau Tribe's Water Resource Program, investigated these organic contaminants and potential biological effects in channels connecting lakes throughout the Chain, including the Moss Lake Outlet site, adjacent to the wastewater treatment plant lagoon. Of the 6 sites monitored and 24 samples analyzed, sample concentrations and contaminant detection frequencies were greatest at the Moss Lake Outlet site; however, the concentrations and detection frequencies of this study were comparable to other pharmaceutical investigations in basins with similar characteristics. Because established water-quality benchmarks do not exist for the pharmaceuticals detected in this study, alternative screening-level water-quality benchmarks, developed using two U.S. Environmental Protection Agency toxicological resources (ToxCast database and ECOTOX knowledgebase), were used to estimate potential biological effects associated with the observed contaminant concentrations. Two contaminants (caffeine and thiabendazole) exceeded the prioritization threshold according to ToxCast alternative benchmarks, and four contaminants (acetaminophen, atrazine, caffeine, and carbamazepine) exceeded the prioritization threshold according to ECOTOX alternative benchmarks. Atrazine, an herbicide, was the most frequently detected contaminant (79% of samples), and it exhibited the strongest potential for biological effects due to its high estimated potency. Insufficient toxicological information within ToxCast and ECOTOX for gabapentin and methocarbamol (which had the two greatest concentrations in this study) precluded alternative benchmark development. This data gap presents unknown potential environmental impacts. Future research examining the biological effects elicited by these two contaminants as well as the others detected in this study would further elucidate the ecological relevance of the water chemistry results generated though this investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Pronschinske
- Upper Midwest Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Steven R Corsi
- Upper Midwest Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Celeste Hockings
- Water Resource Program, Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians, Lac du Flambeau, Wisconsin, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Maloney E, Villeneuve D, Jensen K, Blackwell B, Kahl M, Poole S, Vitense K, Feifarek D, Patlewicz G, Dean K, Tilton C, Randolph E, Cavallin J, LaLone C, Blatz D, Schaupp C, Ankley G. Evaluation of Complex Mixture Toxicity in the Milwaukee Estuary (WI, USA) Using Whole-Mixture and Component-Based Evaluation Methods. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:1229-1256. [PMID: 36715369 PMCID: PMC10775314 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities introduce complex mixtures into aquatic environments, necessitating mixture toxicity evaluation during risk assessment. There are many alternative approaches that can be used to complement traditional techniques for mixture assessment. Our study aimed to demonstrate how these approaches could be employed for mixture evaluation in a target watershed. Evaluations were carried out over 2 years (2017-2018) across 8-11 study sites in the Milwaukee Estuary (WI, USA). Whole mixtures were evaluated on a site-specific basis by deploying caged fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) alongside composite samplers for 96 h and characterizing chemical composition, in vitro bioactivity of collected water samples, and in vivo effects in whole organisms. Chemicals were grouped based on structure/mode of action, bioactivity, and pharmacological activity. Priority chemicals and mixtures were identified based on their relative contributions to estimated mixture pressure (based on cumulative toxic units) and via predictive assessments (random forest regression). Whole mixture assessments identified target sites for further evaluation including two sites targeted for industrial/urban chemical mixture effects assessment; three target sites for pharmaceutical mixture effects assessment; three target sites for further mixture characterization; and three low-priority sites. Analyses identified 14 mixtures and 16 chemicals that significantly contributed to cumulative effects, representing high or medium priority targets for further ecotoxicological evaluation, monitoring, or regulatory assessment. Overall, our study represents an important complement to single-chemical prioritizations, providing a comprehensive evaluation of the cumulative effects of mixtures detected in a target watershed. Furthermore, it demonstrates how different tools and techniques can be used to identify diverse facets of mixture risk and highlights strategies that can be considered in future complex mixture assessments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1229-1256. © 2023 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - D.L. Villeneuve
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US EPA,
Duluth, MN, USA
| | - K.M. Jensen
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US EPA,
Duluth, MN, USA
| | - B.R. Blackwell
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US EPA,
Duluth, MN, USA
| | - M.D. Kahl
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US EPA,
Duluth, MN, USA
| | - S.T. Poole
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US EPA,
Duluth, MN, USA
| | - K. Vitense
- Scientific Computing and Data Curation Division, US EPA,
Duluth, MN, USA
| | - D.J. Feifarek
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US EPA,
Duluth, MN, USA
| | - G. Patlewicz
- Centre for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, US EPA,
Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - K. Dean
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US EPA,
Duluth, MN, USA
| | - C. Tilton
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US EPA,
Duluth, MN, USA
| | - E.C. Randolph
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US EPA,
Duluth, MN, USA
| | - J.E. Cavallin
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US EPA,
Duluth, MN, USA
| | - C.A. LaLone
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US EPA,
Duluth, MN, USA
| | - D. Blatz
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US EPA,
Duluth, MN, USA
| | - C. Schaupp
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US EPA,
Duluth, MN, USA
| | - G.T. Ankley
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US EPA,
Duluth, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rzodkiewicz LD, Annis ML, Woolnough DA. Alterations to unionid transformation during agricultural and urban contaminants of emerging concern exposures. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:451-468. [PMID: 37079163 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02645-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Highly imperiled unionids have a complex life cycle including the metamorphosis of an obligate parasite life stage, larval glochidia, to the juvenile stage. Despite the known vulnerabilities of both glochidia and juveniles to pollutants, little is known on how metamorphosis success may be affected by chemical stress. Disruption of the transformation process in which glochidia encyst on the gills of a host fish, could lead to lowered recruitment and population declines. Transformation rates of Lampsilis cardium on host fish Micropterus salmoides were empirically derived from experimental exposures to low, medium, or high concentrations of an agricultural or urban mixture of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) over two exposure durations. Transformation was characterized by: (1) a zero-inflated Poisson general linear mixed effects model to compare difference in transformation between exposure durations and (2) time response curves to describe the transformation curve using long-term exposure data. Lampsilis cardium transformation was similar between exposure durations. When compared to controls, CEC stress significantly reduced juvenile production (p « 0.05) except for the agricultural medium treatment and tended to increased encapsulation duration which while statistically insignificant (p = 0.16) may have ecological relevancy. Combining the empirically derived reduction of transformation rates with parameters values from the literature, a Lefkovich stage-based population model predicted strong declines in population size of L. cardium for all treatments if these results hold in nature. Management focus on urban CECs may lead to best conservation efforts though agricultural CECs may also have a concentration dependent impact on transformation and therefore overall recruitment and conservation success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lacey D Rzodkiewicz
- Department of Biology and Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, 1455 Calumet Ct., Mt. Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 4249 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 16509, USA
| | - Mandy L Annis
- US Fish & Wildlife Service, Michigan Ecological Services Field Office, 2651 Coolidge Road, Suite 101, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Daelyn A Woolnough
- Department of Biology and Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, 1455 Calumet Ct., Mt. Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Oliver SK, Corsi SR, Baldwin AK, Nott MA, Ankley GT, Blackwell BR, Villeneuve DL, Hladik ML, Kolpin DW, Loken L, DeCicco LA, Meyer MT, Loftin KA. Pesticide Prioritization by Potential Biological Effects in Tributaries of the Laurentian Great Lakes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:367-384. [PMID: 36562491 PMCID: PMC10107260 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Watersheds of the Great Lakes Basin (USA/Canada) are highly modified and impacted by human activities including pesticide use. Despite labeling restrictions intended to minimize risks to nontarget organisms, concerns remain that environmental exposures to pesticides may be occurring at levels negatively impacting nontarget organisms. We used a combination of organismal-level toxicity estimates (in vivo aquatic life benchmarks) and data from high-throughput screening (HTS) assays (in vitro benchmarks) to prioritize pesticides and sites of concern in streams at 16 tributaries to the Great Lakes Basin. In vivo or in vitro benchmark values were exceeded at 15 sites, 10 of which had exceedances throughout the year. Pesticides had the greatest potential biological impact at the site with the greatest proportion of agricultural land use in its basin (the Maumee River, Toledo, OH, USA), with 72 parent compounds or transformation products being detected, 47 of which exceeded at least one benchmark value. Our risk-based screening approach identified multiple pesticide parent compounds of concern in tributaries of the Great Lakes; these compounds included: eight herbicides (metolachlor, acetochlor, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, diuron, atrazine, alachlor, triclopyr, and simazine), three fungicides (chlorothalonil, propiconazole, and carbendazim), and four insecticides (diazinon, fipronil, imidacloprid, and clothianidin). We present methods for reducing the volume and complexity of potential biological effects data that result from combining contaminant surveillance with HTS (in vitro) and traditional (in vivo) toxicity estimates. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:367-384. Published 2022. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha K. Oliver
- US Geological SurveyUpper Midwest Water Science CenterWisconsinMadisonUSA
| | - Steven R. Corsi
- US Geological SurveyUpper Midwest Water Science CenterWisconsinMadisonUSA
| | | | - Michele A. Nott
- US Geological SurveyUpper Midwest Water Science CenterWisconsinMadisonUSA
| | - Gerald T. Ankley
- US Environmental Protection AgencyGreat Lakes Ecology and Toxicology DivisionDuluthMinnesotaUSA
| | - Brett R. Blackwell
- US Environmental Protection AgencyGreat Lakes Ecology and Toxicology DivisionDuluthMinnesotaUSA
| | - Daniel L. Villeneuve
- US Environmental Protection AgencyGreat Lakes Ecology and Toxicology DivisionDuluthMinnesotaUSA
| | - Michelle L. Hladik
- US Geological SurveySacramento, California Water Science CenterCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Luke Loken
- US Geological SurveyUpper Midwest Water Science CenterWisconsinMadisonUSA
| | - Laura A. DeCicco
- US Geological SurveyUpper Midwest Water Science CenterWisconsinMadisonUSA
| | - Michael T. Meyer
- US Geological SurveyKansas Water Science CenterLawrenceKansasUSA
| | - Keith A. Loftin
- US Geological SurveyKansas Water Science CenterLawrenceKansasUSA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Loken LC, Corsi SR, Alvarez DA, Ankley GT, Baldwin AK, Blackwell BR, De Cicco LA, Nott MA, Oliver SK, Villeneuve DL. Prioritizing Pesticides of Potential Concern and Identifying Potential Mixture Effects in Great Lakes Tributaries Using Passive Samplers. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:340-366. [PMID: 36165576 PMCID: PMC10107608 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To help meet the objectives of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative with regard to increasing knowledge about toxic substances, 223 pesticides and pesticide transformation products were monitored in 15 Great Lakes tributaries using polar organic chemical integrative samplers. A screening-level assessment of their potential for biological effects was conducted by computing toxicity quotients (TQs) for chemicals with available US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Aquatic Life Benchmark values. In addition, exposure activity ratios (EAR) were calculated using information from the USEPA ToxCast database. Between 16 and 81 chemicals were detected per site, with 97 unique compounds detected overall, for which 64 could be assessed using TQs or EARs. Ten chemicals exceeded TQ or EAR levels of concern at two or more sites. Chemicals exceeding thresholds included seven herbicides (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, diuron, metolachlor, acetochlor, atrazine, simazine, and sulfentrazone), a transformation product (deisopropylatrazine), and two insecticides (fipronil and imidacloprid). Watersheds draining agricultural and urban areas had more detections and higher concentrations of pesticides compared with other land uses. Chemical mixtures analysis for ToxCast assays associated with common modes of action defined by gene targets and adverse outcome pathways (AOP) indicated potential activity on biological pathways related to a range of cellular processes, including xenobiotic metabolism, extracellular signaling, endocrine function, and protection against oxidative stress. Use of gene ontology databases and the AOP knowledgebase within the R-package ToxMixtures highlighted the utility of ToxCast data for identifying and evaluating potential biological effects and adverse outcomes of chemicals and mixtures. Results have provided a list of high-priority chemicals for future monitoring and potential biological effects warranting further evaluation in laboratory and field environments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:340-366. Published 2022. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke C. Loken
- US Geological SurveyUpper Midwest Water Science CenterMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Steven R. Corsi
- US Geological SurveyUpper Midwest Water Science CenterMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - David A. Alvarez
- US Geological SurveyColumbia Environmental Research CenterColombiaMissouriUSA
| | - Gerald T. Ankley
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Computational Toxicology and ExposureGreat Lakes Toxicology and Ecology DivisionDuluthMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - Brett R. Blackwell
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Computational Toxicology and ExposureGreat Lakes Toxicology and Ecology DivisionDuluthMinnesotaUSA
| | - Laura A. De Cicco
- US Geological SurveyUpper Midwest Water Science CenterMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Michele A. Nott
- US Geological SurveyUpper Midwest Water Science CenterMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Samantha K. Oliver
- US Geological SurveyUpper Midwest Water Science CenterMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Daniel L. Villeneuve
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Computational Toxicology and ExposureGreat Lakes Toxicology and Ecology DivisionDuluthMinnesotaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Occurrence, effects, and ecological risks of chemicals in sanitizers and disinfectants: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY AND ECOTOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:62-78. [PMCID: PMC9911856 DOI: 10.1016/j.enceco.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
In response to the novel coronavirus referred to as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) – a virus that causes COVID-19 disease has led to wide use of sanitizers and disinfectants. This, in turn, triggered concerns on their potential deleterious effects to human health and the environment due to numerous chemicals incorporated in both product categories. Here, the current state of science regarding the occurrence and ecological effects of different classes of chemicals in these products (e.g., ultraviolent filters, fragrances, etc.) are summarized in different natural (e.g., rivers) and engineered (e.g., wastewater treatment plants) systems. Data collected in the literature suggests chemicals incorporated in sanitizers and disinfectants are present in the environment, and a large portion are toxic to fish, algae, and daphnia. Using the risk quotient approach based on occurrence data, we found eight chemicals that posed the highest risk to aquatic organisms in freshwater systems were benzalkonium chloride, 4-chloro-m-cresol, sodium ortho phenyl phenate, hydrogen peroxide, 1, 2-propanediol, 4-Methyl-benzilidine-camphor, ethylhexyl methoxy cinnamate, and octocrylene. Considering limited occurrence and effects information for most chemicals, further studies on environmental monitoring and potential consequences of long-term exposure in aquatic ecosystems are recommended.
Collapse
|
18
|
Gill SP, Learman DR, Annis ML, Woolnough DA. Freshwater mussels and host fish gut microbe community composition shifts after agricultural contaminant exposure. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:3645-3658. [PMID: 36056619 PMCID: PMC9825887 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We examined the effects of a mixture of contaminants found in agricultural watersheds on the gut microbiota and physiology of both the freshwater mussel Lampsilis cardium, and L. cardium host fish Micropterus salmoides. METHODS AND RESULTS Lampsilis cardium and M. salmoides were exposed to three concentrations of agricultural contaminants for 60 days (observing behaviour daily) before being sampled for gut microbiota analyses. DNA was extracted from the gut samples, amplified via PCR, and sequenced using the Illumina Mi-Seq platform. Only L. cardium guts had differing microbiota across treatments, with an increase in potentially pathogenic Aeromonas. We also provide novel evidence of a core microbiota within L. cardium and M. salmoides. In terms of physiology, female L. cardium exhibited a decrease in movement and marsupial gill display in contaminant exposures. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to contaminants from agricultural watersheds may affect population recruitment within freshwater mussel communities over time. Specifically, increased pathogenic micro-organisms and altered behaviour can reduce the likelihood of glochidia dispersal. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study supports emerging research that contaminants found in agricultural watersheds may be a factor in freshwater mussel population declines. It also provides novel evidence that unionids have a core gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie P. Gill
- Biology Department and Institute for Great Lakes ResearchCentral Michigan UniversityMount PleasantMichiganUSA
| | - Deric R. Learman
- Biology Department and Institute for Great Lakes ResearchCentral Michigan UniversityMount PleasantMichiganUSA
| | - Mandy L. Annis
- US Fish & Wildlife Service, Michigan Ecological Services Field OfficeEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Daelyn A. Woolnough
- Biology Department and Institute for Great Lakes ResearchCentral Michigan UniversityMount PleasantMichiganUSA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Vaugeois M, Venturelli PA, Hummel SL, Forbes VE. Population modeling to inform management and recovery efforts for lake sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2022; 18:1597-1608. [PMID: 35029028 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) populations have significantly declined across their historic range, in large part due to anthropogenic impacts that have likely been exacerbated by the life-history traits of this slow-growing and long-lived species. We developed a population model to explore how Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) impact lake sturgeon populations. We explored how different physiological modes of action (pMoAs) of CECs impacted population abundance and recovery and how different simulated management actions could enable recovery. We first estimated the impacts on population abundance and recovery by comparing the trajectory of an unexposed population to a population that had been exposed to a CEC with a specific pMoA after the end of the exposure. We then predicted how different management actions would impact population recovery by comparing the trajectories of an unexposed population to an exposed population for which a management action started at a fixed time without discontinuation of the exposure. Our results predicted that the individual-level pMoA of CECs has an important impact on population-level effects because different stressor's pMoA impacts the life-history traits of sturgeon differently. For example, the feeding and reproduction pMoAs caused the strongest and weakest population declines, respectively. For the same reason, pMoA also impacted recovery. For example, recovery was delayed when the pMoA was growth, maintenance, or feeding, but it was immediate when the pMoA was reproduction. We found that management actions that increased the egg survival rate or the stocking of fingerlings resulted in faster and stronger recovery than management actions that increased the juvenile or adult survival rate. This result occurred because the first two management actions immediately impacted recruitment, whereas the impact was delayed for the last two. Finally, there was greater potential for recovery when management action targeted eggs and fingerlings because these life stages have lower natural survival rates. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:1597-1608. © 2022 Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC). This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Vaugeois
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | - Valery E Forbes
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rincón Remolina MC, Peleato NM. Augmentation of field fluorescence measures for improved in situ contaminant detection. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 195:34. [PMID: 36287271 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10652-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This research proposes a new method that fuses data from the field and lab-based optical measures coupled with machine learning algorithms to quantify the concentrations of toxic contaminants found in fuels and oil sands process-affected water. Selected pairs of excitation/emission intensities at key wavelengths are inputs to an augmentation neural network (NN), trained using lab-based measurements, that generates synthetic high-resolution spectra. Then, an image processing NN is used to estimate the contaminant concentrations from the spectra generated from a few key wavelengths. The presented approach is tested using naphthenic acids, phenol, fluoranthene and pyrene spiked into natural waters. The spills or loss of containment of these contaminants represent a significant risk to the environment and public health, requiring accurate and rapid detection methods to protect the surrounding aquatic environment. Results were compared with models based on only the corresponding peak intensities of each contaminant and with an image processing NN using the original spectra. Naphthenic acids, fluoranthene and pyrene were easy to detect by all methods; however, performance for more challenging signals to identify, such as phenol, was optimized by the proposed method (peak picking with mean absolute error (MAE) of 30.48 µg/L, generated excitation-emission matrix with MAE of 8.30 µg/L). Results suggested that data fusion and machine learning techniques can improve the detection of contaminants in the aquatic environment at environmentally relevant concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolás M Peleato
- School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, 1137 Alumni Ave., Kelowna, BC, Canada, V1V 1V7
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Elliott SM, Gefell DJ, Kiesling RL, Hummel SL, King CK, Christen CH, Kohno S, Schoenfuss HL. Multiple lines of evidence for identifying potential hazards to fish from contaminants of emerging concern in Great Lakes tributaries. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2022; 18:1246-1259. [PMID: 34850546 PMCID: PMC9542151 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs; e.g., pharmaceuticals, flame retardants, pesticides, and industrial chemicals) are omnipresent throughout tributaries to the Great Lakes. Furthermore, CECs are often present at concentrations that are potentially hazardous to aquatic species. Since 2010, we characterized the presence of CECs at 309 sites within 47 Great Lakes tributaries and characterized responses of fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) exposed to river water at a subset of 26 sites within four tributaries. Our work resulted in three independent lines of evidence related to the potential hazards of CEC exposure to fish. First, vulnerability (where vulnerability refers to likelihood) of surface waters to CEC presence was predicted using select watershed characteristics. Second, hazard to fish (where hazard means the potential for adverse biological responses) was predicted using screening values for a subset of CECs. Third, biological responses of fathead minnow exposed to river water in streamside exposures were measured. We assessed the congruence of these three lines of evidence for identifying sites with elevated hazards to CEC exposure. Predicted vulnerability and hazards agreed at 66% of all sites. Where the two indices did not agree, vulnerability often underestimated predicted hazard. When compared with measured biological responses from streamside exposures, predicted hazards agreed for 42% of samples. Furthermore, when predicted hazards for specific effect categories were compared with similar measured biomarkers, 26% and 46% of samples agreed for reproductive and physiological effect categories, respectively. Overall, vulnerability and hazard predictions tended to overestimate the measured biological responses, providing a protective estimate of the potential hazards of CEC exposure to fish. When used together, these three approaches can help resource managers prioritize management activities in minimizing hazards of CEC exposure and can be used by researchers to prioritize studies focused on understanding the hazards of CEC exposure to fish. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:1246-1259. © 2021 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC). This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Satomi Kohno
- St. Cloud State University, St. CloudMinnesotaUSA
- Loyola UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pronschinske MA, Corsi SR, DeCicco LA, Furlong ET, Ankley GT, Blackwell BR, Villeneuve DL, Lenaker PL, Nott MA. Prioritizing Pharmaceutical Contaminants in Great Lakes Tributaries Using Risk-Based Screening Techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:2221-2239. [PMID: 35852176 PMCID: PMC9542422 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In a study of 44 diverse sampling sites across 16 Great Lakes tributaries, 110 pharmaceuticals were detected of 257 monitored. The present study evaluated the ecological relevance of detected chemicals and identified heavily impacted areas to help inform resource managers and guide future investigations. Ten pharmaceuticals (caffeine, nicotine, albuterol, sulfamethoxazole, venlafaxine, acetaminophen, carbamazepine, gemfibrozil, metoprolol, and thiabendazole) were distinguished as having the greatest potential for biological effects based on comparison to screening-level benchmarks derived using information from two biological effects databases, the ECOTOX Knowledgebase and the ToxCast database. Available evidence did not suggest substantial concern for 75% of the monitored pharmaceuticals, including 147 undetected pharmaceuticals and 49 pharmaceuticals with screening-level alternative benchmarks. However, because of a lack of biological effects information, screening values were not available for 51 detected pharmaceuticals. Samples containing the greatest pharmaceutical concentrations and having the highest detection frequencies were from Lake Erie, southern Lake Michigan, and Lake Huron tributaries. Samples collected during low-flow periods had higher pharmaceutical concentrations than those collected during increased-flow periods. The wastewater-treatment plant effluent content in streams correlated positively with pharmaceutical concentrations. However, deviation from this correlation demonstrated that secondary factors, such as multiple pharmaceutical sources, were likely present at some sites. Further research could investigate high-priority pharmaceuticals as well as those for which alternative benchmarks could not be developed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2221-2239. Published 2022. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven R. Corsi
- Upper Midwest Water Science CenterUS Geological SurveyMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Laura A. DeCicco
- Upper Midwest Water Science CenterUS Geological SurveyMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Edward T. Furlong
- Laboratory & Analytical Services DivisionUS Geological SurveyDenverColoradoUSA
| | - Gerald T. Ankley
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology DivisionUS Environmental Protection AgencyDuluthMinnesotaUSA
| | - Brett R. Blackwell
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology DivisionUS Environmental Protection AgencyDuluthMinnesotaUSA
| | - Daniel L. Villeneuve
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology DivisionUS Environmental Protection AgencyDuluthMinnesotaUSA
| | - Peter L. Lenaker
- Upper Midwest Water Science CenterUS Geological SurveyMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Michelle A. Nott
- Upper Midwest Water Science CenterUS Geological SurveyMadisonWisconsinUSA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Garcia-Reyero N, Arick MA, Woolard EA, Wilbanks M, Mylroie JE, Jensen K, Kahl M, Feifarek D, Poole S, Randolph E, Cavallin J, Blackwell BR, Villeneuve D, Ankley GT, Perkins EJ. Male fathead minnow transcriptomes and associated chemical analytes in the Milwaukee estuary system. Sci Data 2022; 9:476. [PMID: 35927429 PMCID: PMC9352792 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01553-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) can be measured in waters across the United States, including the tributaries of the Great Lakes. The extent to which these contaminants affect gene expression in aquatic wildlife is unclear. This dataset presents the full hepatic transcriptomes of laboratory-reared fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) caged at multiple sites within the Milwaukee Estuary Area of Concern and control sites. Following 4 days of in situ exposure, liver tissue was removed from males at each site for RNA extraction and sequencing, yielding a total of 116 samples from which libraries were prepared, pooled, and sequenced. For each exposure site, 179 chemical analytes were also assessed. These data were created with the intention of inviting research on possible transcriptomic changes observed in aquatic species exposed to CECs. Access to both full sequencing reads of animal samples as well as water contaminant data across multiple Great Lakes sites will allow others to explore the health of these ecosystems in support of the aims of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natàlia Garcia-Reyero
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Mark A Arick
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing & Biotechnology (IGBB), Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
| | - E Alice Woolard
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Mitchell Wilbanks
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | | | - Kathleen Jensen
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Michael Kahl
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - David Feifarek
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Shane Poole
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Eric Randolph
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Jenna Cavallin
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Brett R Blackwell
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Daniel Villeneuve
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Gerald T Ankley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Edward J Perkins
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kiesling RL, Elliott SM, Kennedy JL, Hummel SL. Validation of a vulnerability index of exposure to chemicals of emerging concern in surface water and sediment of Great Lakes tributaries of the United States. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 830:154618. [PMID: 35307448 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Widespread occurrence of emerging contaminants in Great Lakes tributaries led to the development and publication of a vulnerability index (VI) to assess the potential exposure of aquatic communities to chemicals of emerging concern (CEC) in the Great Lakes basin. The robust nature of the VI was tested to evaluate the underlying statistical model and expand the spatial domain of the index. Data collected at 131 new sampling sites (Test 1) and published data from independent studies (Test 2) were used to test the model predictions. Test 1 water and sediment samples were analyzed for the same classes of CEC chemicals and compared to the predictions for the original VI. Concentrations and numbers of unique CECs detected in water and sediment samples were similar between the original data and the two test datasets, although CECs tended to have higher detection frequencies in the original dataset compared to the Test 1 and Test 2 datasets. For example, 69 CECs were detected in ≥30% of water samples in the original dataset compared with 17 CECs in the Test 1 data and 59 in the Test 2 data. Predicted vulnerability for test sites agreed with actual vulnerability 64% of the time for water and 71% of the time for sediment. Agreement percentage results were greater when individual sites were grouped by river, with 82% agreement between predictions and actual vulnerability for water and 78% agreement for sediment. For the entire dataset, the VI ranks correlated with an independent estimate of potential biological impact. Agreement percentage was the greatest for low or high vulnerability index values but highly variable for sites that are classified as having medium vulnerability. Despite the underlying variability, there is a significant correlation (R2 = 0.26; p < 0.01) between the VI ranking of tributaries and the independent ranking of potential negative biological impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah M Elliott
- U.S. Geological Survey, 2280 Woodale Drive, Mounds View, MN 55112, USA.
| | - James L Kennedy
- U.S. Geological Survey, 8551 Research Way, Middleton, WI 53562, USA.
| | - Stephanie L Hummel
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 5600 American Blvd W #990, Bloomington, MN 55437, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Baldwin AK, Corsi SR, Stefaniak OM, Loken LC, Villeneuve DL, Ankley GT, Blackwell BR, Lenaker PL, Nott MA, Mills MA. Risk-Based Prioritization of Organic Chemicals and Locations of Ecological Concern in Sediment From Great Lakes Tributaries. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:1016-1041. [PMID: 35170813 PMCID: PMC9306483 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
With improved analytical techniques, environmental monitoring studies are increasingly able to report the occurrence of tens or hundreds of chemicals per site, making it difficult to identify the most relevant chemicals from a biological standpoint. For the present study, organic chemical occurrence was examined, individually and as mixtures, in the context of potential biological effects. Sediment was collected at 71 Great Lakes (USA/Canada) tributary sites and analyzed for 87 chemicals. Multiple risk-based lines of evidence were used to prioritize chemicals and locations, including comparing sediment concentrations and estimated porewater concentrations with established whole-organism benchmarks (i.e., sediment and water quality criteria and screening values) and with high-throughput toxicity screening data from the US Environmental Protection Agency's ToxCast database, estimating additive effects of chemical mixtures on common ToxCast endpoints, and estimating toxic equivalencies for mixtures of alkylphenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This multiple-lines-of-evidence approach enabled the screening of more chemicals, mitigated the uncertainties of individual approaches, and strengthened common conclusions. Collectively, at least one benchmark/screening value was exceeded for 54 of the 87 chemicals, with exceedances observed at all 71 of the monitoring sites. Chemicals with the greatest potential for biological effects, both individually and as mixture components, were bisphenol A, 4-nonylphenol, indole, carbazole, and several PAHs. Potential adverse outcomes based on ToxCast gene targets and putative adverse outcome pathways relevant to individual chemicals and chemical mixtures included tumors, skewed sex ratios, reproductive dysfunction, hepatic steatosis, and early mortality, among others. The results provide a screening-level prioritization of chemicals with the greatest potential for adverse biological effects and an indication of sites where they are most likely to occur. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1016-1041. Published 2022. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Collapse
|
26
|
Pinter J, Jones BS, Vriens B. Loads and elimination of trace elements in wastewater in the Great Lakes basin. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 209:117949. [PMID: 34915334 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The growing use of trace elements in industrialized societies is driving an increase in the occurrence of trace elements in anthropogenic waste streams globally. Yet, the large-scale sources of many trace elements to wastewater and their elimination during treatment remain poorly understood and potential environmental impacts on freshwater systems therefore unclear. We screened 42 wastewater treatment facilities in the North American Great Lakes basin and deployed a black-box approach to calculate representative estimates for average per-capita trace element loads and basin-scale effluent discharge rates, as well as trace element removal efficiencies across different treatment technologies. Our results show different removal of specific groups of trace elements during wastewater treatment: average removal efficiencies were 25% for alkali metals, 50% for alkaline earth metals, 74% for transition metals, and 85% for rare earth elements. Higher elimination of the majority of trace elements was generally achieved by more advanced, tertiary treatment types. Elemental loads generally followed natural abundance patterns, but anomalous loading rates were observed for various trace elements across the sampled facilities. By examining geospatial attributes of the sampled sewersheds, trends in select trace element loads were qualitatively tied to possible point sources and diffuse sources. Overall, these results illustrate the potential of wastewater surveillance to inform environmental management of emerging trace element contaminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Pinter
- Department of Geological Sciences and Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bailey S Jones
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Bas Vriens
- Department of Geological Sciences and Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nowell LH, Moran PW, Bexfield LM, Mahler BJ, Van Metre PC, Bradley PM, Schmidt TS, Button DT, Qi SL. Is there an urban pesticide signature? Urban streams in five U.S. regions share common dissolved-phase pesticides but differ in predicted aquatic toxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 793:148453. [PMID: 34182445 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides occur in urban streams globally, but the relation of occurrence to urbanization can be obscured by regional differences. In studies of five regions of the United States, we investigated the effect of region and urbanization on the occurrence and potential toxicity of dissolved pesticide mixtures. We analyzed 225 pesticide compounds in weekly discrete water samples collected during 6-12 weeks from 271 wadable streams; development in these basins ranged from undeveloped to highly urbanized. Sixteen pesticides were consistently detected in 16 urban centers across the five regions-we propose that these pesticides comprise a suite of urban signature pesticides (USP) that are all common in small U.S. urban streams. These USPs accounted for the majority of summed maximum pesticide concentrations at urban sites within each urban center. USP concentrations, mixture complexity, and potential toxicity increased with the degree of urbanization in the basin. Basin urbanization explained the most variability in multivariate distance-based models of pesticide profiles, with region always secondary in importance. The USPs accounted for 83% of pesticides in the 20 most frequently occurring 2-compound unique mixtures at urban sites, with carbendazim+prometon the most common. Although USPs were consistently detected in all regions, detection frequencies and concentrations varied by region, conferring differences in potential aquatic toxicity. Potential toxicity was highest for invertebrates (benchmarks exceeded in 51% of urban streams), due most often to the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid and secondarily to organophosphate insecticides and fipronil. Benchmarks were rarely exceeded in urban streams for plants (at 3% of sites) or fish (<1%). We propose that the USPs identified here would make logical core (nonexclusive) constituents for monitoring dissolved pesticides in U.S. urban streams, and that unique mixtures containing imidacloprid, fipronil, and carbendazim are priority candidates for mixtures toxicity testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa H Nowell
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, Placer Hall, 6000 J St., Sacramento, CA 95819, United States of America.
| | - Patrick W Moran
- U.S. Geological Survey, Washington Water Science Center, 934 Broadway, Suite 300, Tacoma, WA 98402, United States of America
| | - Laura M Bexfield
- U.S. Geological Survey, New Mexico Water Science Center, 6700 Edith Blvd NE, Bldg E, Albuquerque, NM 87113, United States of America
| | - Barbara J Mahler
- U.S. Geological Survey, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center, 1505 Ferguson Lane, Austin, TX 78754, United States of America
| | - Peter C Van Metre
- U.S. Geological Survey, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center, 1505 Ferguson Lane, Austin, TX 78754, United States of America
| | - Paul M Bradley
- U.S. Geological Survey, South Atlantic Water Science Center, 720 Gracern Rd., Suite 129, Columbia, SC 29210, United States of America
| | - Travis S Schmidt
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center, 3162 Bozeman Ave., Helena, MT 59601, United States of America
| | - Daniel T Button
- U.S. Geological Survey, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center, 6460 Busch Blvd., Suite 100, Columbus, OH 43229, United States of America
| | - Sharon L Qi
- U.S. Geological Survey, Cascades Volcano Laboratory, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct, Vancouver, WA 98683, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Swank A, Wang L, Ward J, Schoenfuss H. Multigenerational effects of a complex urban contaminant mixture on the behavior of larval and adult fish in multiple fitness contexts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 791:148095. [PMID: 34139491 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural and urban storm water runoffs can introduce chemicals of emerging concern (CECs) into waterways. These chemicals can be continually released, persist, or even accumulate over time, with adverse effects on the physiology and behavior of aquatic species. Most studies aimed at evaluating the intergenerational effects of CECs have focused exclusively on single chemicals. By comparison, little is known about the effects of complex CEC mixtures on the behavior of organisms, or how these effects might manifest in subsequent generations. In this study, we exposed three generations of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) to environmentally relevant concentrations of a complex CEC mixture representative of urban-impacted waterways and assessed the growth and behavior of larval and adult fish in life-stage-relevant fitness contexts (foraging, boldness, courtship). We found that (i) multigenerational exposure to a complex mixture of CECs altered the behavior of both larvae and adults in different fitness contexts; (ii) concentration-dependent patterns of behavioral impairment were consistent across fitness contexts and life stages; and (iii) the effects of exposure were magnified in the F1 and F2 generations. These results highlight the need for long-term, multigenerational assessments of CECs in affected waterways to robustly inform conservation practices aimed at managing aquatic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ally Swank
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, United States of America
| | - Lina Wang
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, St. Cloud State University, United States of America
| | - Jessica Ward
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, United States of America.
| | - Heiko Schoenfuss
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, St. Cloud State University, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wu Z, Wang D, Wu J, Guan Y, Jiang Y, Zhong Y, Zhang G. DNA damage of human derived liver cell line HL-7702 induced by organic extracts from surface water in Pearl River Delta, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:1325-1332. [PMID: 33188492 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02293-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many organic pollutants attract public health concern due to their genotoxicity. To investigate the genotoxicity of organic matter in surface water of the Pearl River Delta (PRD). Organic substances of 24 samples (dry and wet season) from North River, West River and East River were extracted from 60 L source water by XAD-2 macroporous resin. DNA damage effect of organic extracts was tested in human derived liver cells (HL-7702), using single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay. The results showed that 100% organic extracts (24/24) could induce DNA damage in HL-7702 cells when the concentration was above 1.0 L surface water/ml culture, no significant difference of DNA damage between dry and wet seasons was observed. The organic substance-induced DNA damage in HL-7702 cells was significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with the contents of Dissolved Organic Carbon in both seasons and Total Suspended Solids in dry season. In conclusion, organic extracts induced genetic damage in HL-7702 cells, indicating potential genotoxicity of organic pollutants of surface water from PRD, South China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Wu
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dedong Wang
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 510440, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiguo Wu
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Guan
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunxia Jiang
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 510440, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoxia Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li Z, Peleato NM. Comparison of dimensionality reduction techniques for cross-source transfer of fluorescence contaminant detection models. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130064. [PMID: 33714155 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence spectroscopy shows promise as a tool for monitoring water quality due to its real-time capabilities and sensitive detection of several compounds of interest. Previous work has shown the possible use of fluorescence to detect and quantify low levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and fluorescing pesticides. However, the fluorescence-based contaminant detection models are highly source-specific and require significant effort and resources to build and calibrate them for each source water of interest. In this study, the novel application of data processing techniques was investigated to enable the transfer of fluorescence detection models from one water source to another. A contaminant detection model from a relatively consistent and low organic background source (Lake Ontario, TOC: 2.07-2.26 mg L-1) was transferred to the Otonabee River, which has higher organic concentrations and distinct characteristics (TOC: 5.20-5.66 mg L-1). Only a few additional fluorescence spectra of the background water quality and contaminants of interest were required to successfully transfer the model, without the need for labelled samples in the new source. Notable differences in peak location and spectral shape of identical compounds were found in source-specific models between the two water sources, implying variability in fluorescence signals resulting from environmental conditions. Despite the impact of environmental conditions, features identified by principal component analysis (PCA) and an autoencoder produced sensitive transferred models capable of addressing the spatial and temporal source diversity with mean absolute error (MAE) < 0.5 μg L-1 for quantification of PAHs and pesticides at concentrations between 0.1 and 7 μg L-1. The results of this study show the potential of the cross-source transferred model to be implemented in a wide range of environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Li
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia Okanagan, 1137 Alumni Ave, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | - Nicolas M Peleato
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia Okanagan, 1137 Alumni Ave, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Alvarez DA, Corsi SR, De Cicco LA, Villeneuve DL, Baldwin AK. Identifying Chemicals and Mixtures of Potential Biological Concern Detected in Passive Samplers from Great Lakes Tributaries Using High-Throughput Data and Biological Pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:2165-2182. [PMID: 34003517 PMCID: PMC8361951 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Waterborne contaminants were monitored in 69 tributaries of the Laurentian Great Lakes in 2010 and 2014 using semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS). A risk-based screening approach was used to prioritize chemicals and chemical mixtures, identify sites at greatest risk for biological impacts, and identify potential hazards to monitor at those sites. Analyses included 185 chemicals (143 detected) including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), legacy and current-use pesticides, fire retardants, pharmaceuticals, and fragrances. Hazard quotients were calculated by dividing detected concentrations by biological effect concentrations reported in the ECOTOX Knowledgebase (toxicity quotients) or ToxCast database (exposure-activity ratios [EARs]). Mixture effects were estimated by summation of EAR values for chemicals that influence ToxCast assays with common gene targets. Nineteen chemicals-atrazine, N,N-diethyltoluamide, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, dl-menthol, galaxolide, p-tert-octylphenol, 3 organochlorine pesticides, 3 PAHs, 4 pharmaceuticals, and 3 phosphate flame retardants-had toxicity quotients >0.1 or EARs for individual chemicals >10-3 at 10% or more of the sites monitored. An additional 4 chemicals (tributyl phosphate, triethyl citrate, benz[a]anthracene, and benzo[b]fluoranthene) were present in mixtures with EARs >10-3 . To evaluate potential apical effects and biological endpoints to monitor in exposed wildlife, in vitro bioactivity data were compared to adverse outcome pathway gene ontology information. Endpoints and effects associated with endocrine disruption, alterations in xenobiotic metabolism, and potentially neuronal development would be relevant to monitor at the priority sites. The EAR threshold exceedance for many chemical classes was correlated with urban land cover and wastewater effluent influence, whereas herbicides and fire retardants were also correlated to agricultural land cover. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2165-2182. Published 2021. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Alvarez
- Columbia Environmental Research CenterUS Geological SurveyColumbiaMissouri
| | - Steven R. Corsi
- Upper Midwest Science CenterUS Geological SurveyMiddletonWisconsin
| | | | - Daniel L. Villeneuve
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology DivisionUS Environmental Protection AgencyDuluthMinnesota
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Vaugeois M, Venturelli PA, Hummel SL, Forbes VE. A simulation-based evaluation of management actions to reduce the risk of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) to walleye in the Great Lakes Basin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 768:144326. [PMID: 33736309 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) are ubiquitous, present in complex chemical mixtures, and represent a threat to the Great Lake ecosystem. Mitigation strategies are needed to protect populations of key species, but knowledge about ecological and biological effects of CECs at the population level are limited. In this study, we combined laboratory data on CEC effects at the individual-level with in-situ CEC concentration data in a walleye (Sander vitreus) population model to simulate the effectiveness of different CEC mitigation strategies in the Maumee River and Lake Erie. We compared the effectiveness of moderate mitigation (50% reduction in exposure level) of an entire watershed versus intensive mitigation (reduction of exposure to a level that does not affect walleye) of single river sites for three CEC mixture scenarios (agricultural, urban, and combined). We also explored the impact of hypothetical chemical toxicokinetics (the time course of chemicals in walleye) on the relative effectiveness of the mitigation strategies. Our results suggest that when CECs impact fecundity, single-site mitigation is more effective when it focuses on spawning sites and nearby downstream sites that are substantially impaired. Our simulations also suggest that chemical toxicokinetics are important when evaluating single-site mitigation strategies, but that population characteristics, such as stage-specific mortality rate, are more important when evaluating watershed mitigation strategies. Results can be used to guide fisheries management, such as choosing habitat restoration sites, and identify key knowledge gaps that direct future research and monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Vaugeois
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
| | | | | | - Valery E Forbes
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ankley GT, Berninger JP, Blackwell BR, Cavallin JE, Collette TW, Ekman DR, Fay KA, Feifarek DJ, Jensen KM, Kahl MD, Mosley JD, Poole ST, Randolph EC, Rearick D, Schroeder AL, Swintek J, Villeneuve DL. Pathway-Based Approaches for Assessing Biological Hazards of Complex Mixtures of Contaminants: A Case Study in the Maumee River. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:1098-1122. [PMID: 33270248 PMCID: PMC9554926 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of ecological risks of chemicals in the field usually involves complex mixtures of known and unknown compounds. We describe the use of pathway-based chemical and biological approaches to assess the risk of chemical mixtures in the Maumee River (OH, USA), which receives a variety of agricultural and urban inputs. Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were deployed in cages for 4 d at a gradient of sites along the river and adjoining tributaries in 2012 and during 2 periods (April and June) in 2016, in conjunction with an automated system to collect composite water samples. More than 100 industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides were detected in water at some of the study sites, with the greatest number typically found near domestic wastewater treatment plants. In 2016, there was an increase in concentrations of several herbicides from April to June at upstream agricultural sites. A comparison of chemical concentrations in site water with single chemical data from vitro high-throughput screening (HTS) assays suggested the potential for perturbation of multiple biological pathways, including several associated with induction or inhibition of different cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes. This was consistent with direct effects of water extracts in an HTS assay and induction of hepatic CYPs in caged fish. Targeted in vitro assays and measurements in the caged fish suggested minimal effects on endocrine function (e.g., estrogenicity). A nontargeted mass spectroscopy-based analysis suggested that hepatic endogenous metabolite profiles in caged fish covaried strongly with the occurrence of pesticides and pesticide degradates. These studies demonstrate the application of an integrated suite of measurements to help understand the effects of complex chemical mixtures in the field. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1098-1122. © 2020 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- GT Ankley
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
- Corresponding Author: Gerald Ankley;
| | - JP Berninger
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - BR Blackwell
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - JE Cavallin
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - TW Collette
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Ecosystem Processes Division, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - DR Ekman
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Ecosystem Processes Division, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - KA Fay
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - DJ Feifarek
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - KM Jensen
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - MD Kahl
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - JD Mosley
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Ecosystem Processes Division, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - ST Poole
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - EC Randolph
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - D Rearick
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - AL Schroeder
- University of Minnesota – Crookston, Math, Science, and Technology Department, Crookston, Minnesota, USA
| | - J Swintek
- Badger Technical Services, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota. USA
| | - DL Villeneuve
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gordon S, Jones DK, Blazer VS, Iwanowicz L, Williams B, Smalling K. Modeling estrogenic activity in streams throughout the Potomac and Chesapeake Bay watersheds. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:105. [PMID: 33527185 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-08899-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), specifically estrogenic endocrine-disrupting compounds, vary in concentration and composition in surface waters under the influence of different landscape sources and landcover gradients. Estrogenic activity in surface waters may lead to adverse effects in aquatic species at both individual and population levels, often observed through the presence of intersex and vitellogenin induction in male fish. In the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, located on the mid-Atlantic coast of the USA, intersex has been observed in several sub-watersheds where previous studies have identified specific landscape sources of EDCs in tandem with observed fish health effects. Previous work in the Potomac River Watershed (PRW), the largest basin within the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, was leveraged to build random forest regression models to predict estrogenic activity at unsampled reaches in both the Potomac River and larger Chesapeake Bay Watersheds (CBW). Model outputs including important variables, partial dependence plots, and predicted values of estrogenic activity at unsampled reaches provide insight into drivers of estrogenic activity at different seasons and scales. Using the US Environmental Protection Agency effects-based threshold of 1.0 ng/L 17 β-estradiol equivalents, catchments predicted to exceed this value were categorized as at risk for adverse effects from exposure to estrogenic compounds and evaluated relative to healthy watersheds and recreation access locations throughout the PRW. Results show immediate catchment scale models are more reliable than upstream models, and the best predictive variables differ by season and scale. A small percentage of healthy watersheds (< 13%) and public access sites were classified as at risk using the "Total" (annual) model in the CBW. This study is the first Potomac River Watershed assessment of estrogenic activity, providing a new foundation for future risk assessment and management design efforts, with additional context provided for the entire Chesapeake Bay Watershed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Gordon
- U.S. Geological Survey Leetown Science Center Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Kearneysville, WV, USA.
| | - Daniel K Jones
- U.S. Geological Survey Utah Water Science Center, West Valley City, UT, USA
| | - Vicki S Blazer
- U.S. Geological Survey Leetown Science Center Fish Health Laboratory, Kearneysville, WV, USA
| | - Luke Iwanowicz
- U.S. Geological Survey Leetown Science Center Fish Health Laboratory, Kearneysville, WV, USA
| | - Brianna Williams
- U.S. Geological Survey New Jersey Water Science Center, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | - Kelly Smalling
- U.S. Geological Survey New Jersey Water Science Center, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Anderson JC, Marteinson SC, Prosser RS. Prioritization of Pesticides for Assessment of Risk to Aquatic Ecosystems in Canada and Identification of Knowledge Gaps. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 259:171-231. [PMID: 34625837 DOI: 10.1007/398_2021_81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides can enter aquatic environments via direct application, via overspray or drift during application, or by runoff or leaching from fields during rain events, where they can have unintended effects on non-target aquatic biota. As such, Fisheries and Oceans Canada identified a need to prioritize current-use pesticides based on potential risks towards fish, their prey species, and habitats in Canada. A literature review was conducted to: (1) Identify current-use pesticides of concern for Canadian marine and freshwater environments based on use and environmental presence in Canada, (2) Outline current knowledge on the biological effects of the pesticides of concern, and (3) Identify general data gaps specific to biological effects of pesticides on aquatic species. Prioritization was based upon recent sales data, measured concentrations in Canadian aquatic environments between 2000 and 2020, and inherent toxicity as represented by aquatic guideline values. Prioritization identified 55 pesticides for further research nationally. Based on rank, a sub-group of seven were chosen as the top-priority pesticides, including three herbicides (atrazine, diquat, and S-metolachlor), three insecticides (chlorpyrifos, clothianidin, and permethrin), and one fungicide (chlorothalonil). A number of knowledge gaps became apparent through this process, including gaps in our understanding of sub-lethal toxicity, environmental fate, species sensitivity distributions, and/or surface water concentrations for each of the active ingredients reviewed. More generally, we identified a need for more baseline fish and fish habitat data, ongoing environmental monitoring, development of marine and sediment-toxicity benchmarks, improved study design including sufficiently low method detection limits, and collaboration around accessible data reporting and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah C Marteinson
- National Contaminants Advisory Group, Ecosystems and Oceans Science Sector, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Ryan S Prosser
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Augustsson A, Lennqvist T, Osbeck CMG, Tibblin P, Glynn A, Nguyen MA, Westberg E, Vestergren R. Consumption of freshwater fish: A variable but significant risk factor for PFOS exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 192:110284. [PMID: 33022218 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
PFOS, PFOA, PFNA and PFHxS are the PFAS substances that currently contribute most to human exposure, and in 2020 the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) presented a draft opinion on a tolerable intake of 8 ng/kg/week for the sum of these four substances (equaling 0.42 μg/kg if expressed as an annual dose). Diet is usually the dominating exposure pathway, and in particular the intake of PFOS has been shown to be strongly related to the consumption of fish and seafood. Those who eat freshwater fish may be especially at risk since freshwater and its biota typically display higher PFOS concentrations than marine systems. In this study, we estimated the range in PFOS intake among average Swedish "normal" and "high" consumers of freshwater fish. By average we mean persons of average weight who eat average-sized portions. The "normal consumers" were assumed to eat freshwater fish 3 times per year, and the "high consumers" once a week. Under these assumptions, the yearly tolerable intake for "normal" and "high" consumers is reached when the PFOS concentrations in fish equals 59 and 3.4 μg per kg fish meat. For this study, PFOS concentrations in the muscle tissue of edible-sized perch, pike and pikeperch were retrieved from three different Swedish datasets, covering both rural and urban regions and a total of 78 different inland waters. Mean PFOS concentrations in fish from these sites varied from 0.3 to 750 μg/kg. From the available data, the annual min-max dietary PFOS intake for male "normal consumers" was found to be in the range 0.0021-5.4 μg/kg/yr for the evaluated scenarios, with median values of 0.02-0.16 μg/kg/yr. For male "high consumers", the total intake range was estimated to be 0.04-93 μg/kg/yr, with median values being 0.27-1.6 μg/kg/yr. For women, the exposure estimates were slightly lower, about 79% of the exposure in men. Despite highly variable PFOS concentrations in fish from different sites, we conclude that the three most commonly consumed freshwater species in Sweden constitute an important source for the total annual intake even for people who eat this kind of fish only a few times per year. The analyses of PFOA, PFNA and PFHxS showed values which were all below detection limit, and their contribution to the total PFAS intake via freshwater fish consumption is negligible in comparison to PFOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Augustsson
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
| | - T Lennqvist
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - C M G Osbeck
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - P Tibblin
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - A Glynn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M A Nguyen
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Westberg
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Vestergren
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Baldwin AK, Corsi SR, Oliver SK, Lenaker PL, Nott MA, Mills MA, Norris GA, Paatero P. Response to Comment on "Primary Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons to Streambed Sediment in Great Lakes Tributaries Using Multiple Lines of Evidence". ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:2345-2347. [PMID: 33236454 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marc A Mills
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Gary A Norris
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pentti Paatero
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Banda JA, Gefell D, An V, Bellamy A, Biesinger Z, Boase J, Chiotti J, Gorsky D, Robinson T, Schlueter S, Withers J, Hummel SL. Characterization of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in lake sturgeon serum and gametes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115051. [PMID: 32640408 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent research suggests contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) are widespread and environmentally relevant concentrations can impact fishes. However, little is known about impacts of CECs to long-lived or rare species. The objective of this study was to characterize CEC concentrations in lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) serum and gametes. Blood serum was collected non-lethally from lake sturgeon at four lower Great Lakes basin sites: Detroit, upper Niagara, lower Niagara, and St. Lawrence rivers; additionally, gametes were collected from lake sturgeon in the St. Lawrence River. Samples were analyzed for pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Overall, 44 different PPCPs were identified in serum and gamete samples across sites, with 22 PPCPs identified in at least 25% of serum samples and three PPCPs identified in 25% of gamete samples. PPCP concentrations in serum and gametes ranged from 0.00208 to 130 ppb and 0.00538-190 ppb, respectively. NMDS ordination revealed differences in the presence and concentrations of PPCPs in lake sturgeon serum across sites, however, N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), hydrocortisone, benztropine, and amitriptyline were detected in at least one serum sample at all sites. Additionally, DEET, 10-hydroxy-amitriptyline, and sertraline were detected in ≥25% of gamete samples collected from the St. Lawrence River. Twenty-six PBDE congeners were identified in 25% of serum samples and 24 were identified in 25% of gamete samples. PBDEs in serum were present across all sites and in gametes of St. Lawrence River lake sturgeon, and total PBDE concentrations in serum and gametes ranged from 0.184 to 12.7 ppb and 0.0826-0.44 ppb, respectively. Managers of lake sturgeon populations may need to consider the impacts of CECs if reproductive, developmental, behavioral, growth effects, or mortality are observed in the Great Lakes basin or other areas that are impacted by increased exposures to PPCPs and PBDEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jo A Banda
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 4625 Morse Road, Suite 104, Columbus, OH, 43230, USA
| | - Dan Gefell
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 3817 Luker Road, Cortland, NY, 13045, USA
| | - Viktoriya An
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071-3332, USA
| | - Amber Bellamy
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 5600 American Blvd. West, Suite 990, Bloomington, MN, 55437, USA
| | - Zy Biesinger
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1101 Casey Road, Basom, New York, 14013, USA
| | - James Boase
- Alpena Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office-Detroit River Substation, John D Dingell Visitor Center, 5437 West Jefferson Ave., Trenton, MI, 48183, USA
| | - Justin Chiotti
- Alpena Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office-Detroit River Substation, John D Dingell Visitor Center, 5437 West Jefferson Ave., Trenton, MI, 48183, USA
| | - Dimitry Gorsky
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1101 Casey Road, Basom, New York, 14013, USA
| | - Timothy Robinson
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071-3332, USA
| | - Scott Schlueter
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 3817 Luker Road, Cortland, NY, 13045, USA
| | - Jonah Withers
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Northeast Fishery Center, P.O. Box 75, Lamar, PA, 16848, USA
| | - Stephanie L Hummel
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 5600 American Blvd. West, Suite 990, Bloomington, MN, 55437, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Custer CM, Custer TW, Dummer PM, Schultz S, Tseng CY, Karouna-Renier N, Matson CW. Legacy and Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Tree Swallows Along an Agricultural to Industrial Gradient: Maumee River, Ohio. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:1936-1952. [PMID: 32495340 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to multiple classes of contaminants, both legacy and contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), were assessed in tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) tissue and diet samples from 6 sites along the Maumee River, Ohio, USA, to understand both exposure and possible effects of exposure to those CECs for which there are little avian data. The 6 sites represented a gradient from intensive agriculture upstream to highly urbanized and industrial landscapes downstream; 1 or 2 remote Wisconsin lakes were assessed for comparative purposes. Cytochrome P450 induction, DNA damage, and thyroid function were also assessed relative to contaminant exposure. Bioaccumulative CECs, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and perfluorinated substances, did not follow any upstream to downstream gradient; but both had significantly greater concentrations along the Maumee River than at the remote lake sites. Greater exposure to PBDEs was apparent in swallows at or near wastewater-treatment facilities than at other sites. Total polychlorinated biphenyl and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations were greater in swallows at downstream locations compared to upstream sites and were associated with higher ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase activity. Few herbicides or nonorganochlorine insecticides were detected in swallow tissues or their food, except for atrazine and its metabolite desethylatrazine. Few pharmaceuticals and personal care products were detected except for DEET and iopamidol. Both were detected in most liver samples but not in eggs, as well as detected at the remote lake sites. This is one of the most comprehensive assessments to date of exposure and effects of a wide variety of CECs in birds. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1936-1952. © 2020 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Custer
- Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, US Geological Survey, La Crosse, Wisconsin
| | - Thomas W Custer
- Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, US Geological Survey, La Crosse, Wisconsin
| | - Paul M Dummer
- Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, US Geological Survey, La Crosse, Wisconsin
| | - Sandra Schultz
- Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, US Geological Survey, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Chi Yen Tseng
- Department of Environmental Science and Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | | | - Cole W Matson
- Department of Environmental Science and Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Li S, Wen J, He B, Wang J, Hu X, Liu J. Occurrence of caffeine in the freshwater environment: Implications for ecopharmacovigilance. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114371. [PMID: 32217417 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the substantial consumption of caffeinated food, beverages, and medicines worldwide, caffeine is considered the most representative pharmaceutically active compound (PhAC) pollutant based on its high abundance in the environment and its suitability as an indicator of the anthropogenic inputs of PhACs in water bodies. This review presents a worldwide analysis of 132 reports of caffeine residues in freshwater environments. The results indicated that more than 70% of the studies reported were from Asia and Europe, which have densely populated and industrially developed areas. However, caffeine pollution was also found to affect areas isolated from human influence, such as Antarctica. In addition, the maximum concentrations of caffeine in raw wastewater, treated wastewater, river, drinking water, groundwater, lake, catchment, reservoir, and rainwater samples were reported to be 3.60 mg/L, 55.5, 19.3, 3.39, 0.683, 174, 44.6, 4.87, and 5.40 μg/L, respectively. The seasonal variation in caffeine residues in the freshwater environment has been demonstrated. In addition, despite the fact that there was a small proportion of wastewater treatment plants in which the elimination rates of caffeine were below 60%, wastewater treatment is generally believed to have a high caffeine removal efficiency. From a pharmacy perspective, we proposed to adopt effective measures to minimize the environmental risks posed by PhACs, represented by caffeine, through a new concept known as ecopharmacovigilance (EPV). Some measures of EPV aimed at caffeine pollution have been advised, as follows: improving knowledge and perceptions about caffeine pollution among the public; listing caffeine as a high-priority PhAC pollutant, which should be targeted in EPV practices; promoting green design and production, rational consumption, and environmentally preferred disposal of caffeinated medicines, foods, and beverages; implementing intensive EPV measures in high-risk areas and during high-risk seasons; and integrating EPV into wastewater treatment programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shulan Li
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Bingshu He
- Hubei Province Woman and Child Hospital, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Xianmin Hu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Baldwin AK, Corsi SR, Oliver SK, Lenaker PL, Nott MA, Mills MA, Norris GA, Paatero P. Primary Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons to Streambed Sediment in Great Lakes Tributaries Using Multiple Lines of Evidence. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:1392-1408. [PMID: 32525591 PMCID: PMC7383861 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the most widespread and potentially toxic contaminants in Great Lakes (USA/Canada) tributaries. The sources of PAHs are numerous and diverse, and identifying the primary source(s) can be difficult. The present study used multiple lines of evidence to determine the likely sources of PAHs to surficial streambed sediments at 71 locations across 26 Great Lakes Basin watersheds. Profile correlations, principal component analysis, positive matrix factorization source-receptor modeling, and mass fractions analysis were used to identify potential PAH sources, and land-use analysis was used to relate streambed sediment PAH concentrations to different land uses. Based on the common conclusion of these analyses, coal-tar-sealed pavement was the most likely source of PAHs to the majority of the locations sampled. The potential PAH-related toxicity of streambed sediments to aquatic organisms was assessed by comparison of concentrations with sediment quality guidelines. The sum concentration of 16 US Environmental Protection Agency priority pollutant PAHs was 7.4-196 000 µg/kg, and the median was 2600 µg/kg. The threshold effect concentration was exceeded at 62% of sampling locations, and the probable effect concentration or the equilibrium partitioning sediment benchmark was exceeded at 41% of sampling locations. These results have important implications for watershed managers tasked with protecting and remediating aquatic habitats in the Great Lakes Basin. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1392-1408. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gary A. Norris
- US Environmental Protection AgencyDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Pentti Paatero
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Deere JR, Moore S, Ferrey M, Jankowski MD, Primus A, Convertino M, Servadio JL, Phelps NBD, Hamilton MC, Chenaux-Ibrahim Y, Travis DA, Wolf TM. Occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern in aquatic ecosystems utilized by Minnesota tribal communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 724:138057. [PMID: 32408429 PMCID: PMC8208820 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals, personal care products, hormones, and other chemicals lacking water quality standards are frequently found in surface water. While evidence is growing that these contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) - those previously unknown, unrecognized, or unregulated - can affect the behavior and reproduction of fish and wildlife, little is known about the distribution of these chemicals in rural, tribal areas. Therefore, we surveyed the presence of CECs in water, sediment, and subsistence fish species across various waterbodies, categorized as undeveloped (i.e., no human development along shorelines), developed (i.e., human development along shorelines), and wastewater effluent-impacted (i.e., contain effluence from wastewater treatment plants), within the Grand Portage Indian Reservation and 1854 Ceded Territory in northeastern Minnesota, U.S.A. Overall, in 28 sites across three years (2016-2018), 117 of the 158 compounds tested were detected in at least one form of medium (i.e., water, sediment, or fish). CECs were detected most frequently at wastewater effluent-impacted sites, with up to 83 chemicals detected in one such lake, while as many as 17 were detected in an undeveloped lake. Although there was no statistically significant difference between the number of CECs present in developed versus undeveloped lakes, a range of 3-17 CECs were detected across these locations. Twenty-two CECs were detected in developed and undeveloped sites that were not detected in wastewater effluent-impacted sites. The detection of CECs in remote, undeveloped locations, where subsistence fish are harvested, raises scientific questions about the safety and security of subsistence foods for indigenous communities. Further investigation is warranted so that science-based solutions to reduce chemical risks to aquatic life and people can be developed locally and be informative for indigenous communities elsewhere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Deere
- University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, 1988 Fitch Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States of America.
| | - Seth Moore
- Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, Biology and Environment, 27 Store Road, Grand Portage, MN 55605, United States of America; University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, 1988 Fitch Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States of America.
| | - Mark Ferrey
- Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 520 Lafayette Road, St. Paul, MN 55155, United States of America; University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, 1988 Fitch Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States of America.
| | - Mark D Jankowski
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, Seattle, WA 98101, United States of America; University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, 1988 Fitch Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States of America.
| | - Alexander Primus
- University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, 1988 Fitch Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States of America.
| | - Matteo Convertino
- Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Gi-CoRE Station for Big Data & Cybersecurity, Nexus Group, Kita 14, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, room 11-11, 060-0814 Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Joseph L Servadio
- University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America.
| | - Nicholas B D Phelps
- University of Minnesota, College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, 2003 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States of America.
| | - M Coreen Hamilton
- SGS AXYS Analytical Services, Ltd, 2045 Mills Road West, Sidney, British Columbia V8L 5X2, Canada.
| | - Yvette Chenaux-Ibrahim
- Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, Biology and Environment, 27 Store Road, Grand Portage, MN 55605, United States of America.
| | - Dominic A Travis
- University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, 1988 Fitch Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States of America.
| | - Tiffany M Wolf
- University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, 1988 Fitch Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Vaugeois M, Venturelli PA, Hummel SL, Accolla C, Forbes VE. Population context matters: Predicting the effects of metabolic stress mediated by food availability and predation with an agent- and energy budget-based model. Ecol Modell 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.108903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
44
|
Corsi SR, De Cicco LA, Villeneuve DL, Blackwell BR, Fay KA, Ankley GT, Baldwin AK. Prioritizing chemicals of ecological concern in Great Lakes tributaries using high-throughput screening data and adverse outcome pathways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 686:995-1009. [PMID: 31412529 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Chemical monitoring data were collected in surface waters from 57 Great Lakes tributaries from 2010 to 13 to identify chemicals of potential biological relevance and sites at which these chemicals occur. Traditional water-quality benchmarks for aquatic life based on in vivo toxicity data were available for 34 of 67 evaluated chemicals. To expand evaluation of potential biological effects, measured chemical concentrations were compared to chemical-specific biological activities determined in high-throughput (ToxCast) in vitro assays. Resulting exposure-activity ratios (EARs) were used to prioritize the chemicals of greatest potential concern: 4‑nonylphenol, bisphenol A, metolachlor, atrazine, DEET, caffeine, tris(2‑butoxyethyl) phosphate, tributyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, benzo(a)pyrene, fluoranthene, and benzophenone. Water-quality benchmarks were unavailable for five of these chemicals, but for the remaining seven, EAR-based prioritization was consistent with that based on toxicity quotients calculated from benchmarks. Water-quality benchmarks identified three additional PAHs (anthracene, phenanthrene, and pyrene) not prioritized using EARs. Through this analysis, an EAR of 10-3 was identified as a reasonable threshold above which a chemical might be of potential concern. To better understand apical hazards potentially associated with biological activities captured in ToxCast assays, in vitro bioactivity data were matched with available adverse outcome pathway (AOP) information. The 49 ToxCast assays prioritized via EAR analysis aligned with 23 potentially-relevant AOPs present in the AOP-Wiki. Mixture effects at monitored sites were estimated by summation of EAR values for multiple chemicals by individual assay or individual AOP. Commonly predicted adverse outcomes included impacts on reproduction and mitochondrial function. The EAR approach provided a screening-level assessment for evidence-based prioritization of chemicals and sites with potential for adverse biological effects. The approach aids prioritization of future monitoring activities and provides testable hypotheses to help focus those efforts. This also expands the fraction of detected chemicals for which biologically-based benchmark concentrations are available to help contextualize chemical monitoring results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Corsi
- U.S. Geological Survey, Middleton, WI 53562, United States.
| | | | - Daniel L Villeneuve
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Duluth, MN 55804, United States
| | - Brett R Blackwell
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Duluth, MN 55804, United States
| | - Kellie A Fay
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Duluth, MN 55804, United States
| | - Gerald T Ankley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Duluth, MN 55804, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Rose LD, Akob DM, Tuberty SR, Corsi SR, DeCicco LA, Colby JD, Martin DJ. Use of high-throughput screening results to prioritize chemicals for potential adverse biological effects within a West Virginia watershed. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 677:362-372. [PMID: 31059879 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organic chemicals from industrial, agricultural, and residential activities can enter surface waters through regulated and unregulated discharges, combined sewer overflows, stormwater runoff, accidental spills, and leaking septic-conveyance systems on a daily basis. The impact of point and nonpoint contaminant sources can result in adverse biological effects for organisms living in or near surface waters. Assessing the adverse or toxic effects that may result when exposure occurs is complicated by the fact that many commonly used chemicals lack toxicity information or water quality standards. To address these challenges, an exposure-activity ratio (EAR) screening approach was used to prioritize environmental chemistry data in a West Virginia watershed (Wolf Creek). Wolf Creek is a drinking water source and recreation resource with documented water quality impacts from point and nonpoint sources. The EAR screening approach uses high-throughput screening (HTS) data from ToxCast as a method of integrating environmental chemical occurrence and biological effects data. Using water quality schedule 4433, which targets 69 organic waste compounds typically found in domestic and industrial wastewater, chemicals were screened for potential adverse biological affects at multiple sites in the Wolf Creek watershed. Cumulative EAR mixture values were greatest at Sites 2 and 3, where bisphenol A (BPA) and pentachlorophenol exhibited maximum EAR values of 0.05 and 0.002, respectively. Site 2 is downstream of an unconventional oil and gas (UOG) wastewater disposal facility with documented water quality impacts. Low-level organic contaminants were found at all sample sites in Wolf Creek, except Site 10, where Wolf Creek enters the New River. The application of an EAR screening approach allowed our study to extend beyond traditional environmental monitoring methods to identify multiple sites and chemicals that warrant further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Levi D Rose
- Appalachian State University, Department of Geography and Planning, NC 28607, USA.
| | | | - Shea R Tuberty
- Appalachian State University, Department of Biology, NC 28607, USA
| | | | | | - Jeffrey D Colby
- Appalachian State University, Department of Geography and Planning, NC 28607, USA
| | - Derek J Martin
- Appalachian State University, Department of Geography and Planning, NC 28607, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kiesling RL, Elliott SM, Kammel LE, Choy SJ, Hummel SL. Predicting the occurrence of chemicals of emerging concern in surface water and sediment across the U.S. portion of the Great Lakes Basin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:838-850. [PMID: 30253366 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Chemicals of emerging concern (CECs) are introduced into the aquatic environment via various sources, posing a potential risk to aquatic organisms. Previous studies have identified relationships between the presence of CECs in water and broad-scale watershed characteristics. However, relationships between the presence of CECs and source-related watershed characteristics have not been explored across the Great Lakes basin. Boosted regression tree (BRT) analyses were used to develop predictive models of CEC occurrence in water and sediment throughout 24 U.S. tributaries to the Great Lakes. Models were based on the distribution of both broad-scale and source-related watershed characteristics. Twenty-one upstream watershed characteristics, including land cover, number of permitted point sources, and distance to point sources were used to develop models predicting the probability of CEC occurrence in surface water and bottom sediment. Total accuracy of BRT models ranged from 66% to 94% for both matrices. All 21 watershed characteristics were important predictor variables in at least one surface-water model; twenty were important in at least one bottom-sediment model. Among the model variables, developed land use and distance to point sources were important predictors of the presence of CEC classes in both water and sediment. Although limitations exist, BRT models are one tool available for assessing vulnerability of fisheries and aquatic resources to CEC occurrences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Kiesling
- U.S. Geological Survey, 2280 Woodale Drive, Mounds View, MN 55112, United States of America.
| | - Sarah M Elliott
- U.S. Geological Survey, 2280 Woodale Drive, Mounds View, MN 55112, United States of America
| | - Leah E Kammel
- U.S. Geological Survey, 1280 Terminal Street, West Sacramento, CA 95691, United States of America
| | - Steven J Choy
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 505 Science Drive, Suite A, Madison, WI 53711, United States of America
| | - Stephanie L Hummel
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 5600 American Blvd West, Suite 990, Bloomington, MN 55437, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Balgooyen S, Campagnola G, Remucal CK, Ginder-Vogel M. Impact of bisphenol A influent concentration and reaction time on MnO 2 transformation in a stirred flow reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2019; 21:19-27. [PMID: 30542685 DOI: 10.1039/c8em00451j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting compound commonly found in natural waters at concentrations that are considered harmful for aquatic life. Manganese(iii/iv) oxides are strong oxidants capable of oxidizing organic and inorganic contaminants, including BPA. Here we use δ-MnO2 in stirred flow reactors to determine if higher influent BPA concentrations, or introduction rates, lead to increased polymer production. A major BPA oxidation product, 4-hydroxycumyl alcohol (HCA), is formed through radical coupling, and was therefore used as a metric for polymer production in this study. The influent BPA concentration in stirred flow reactors did not affect HCA yield, suggesting that polymeric production is not strongly dependent on influent concentrations. However, changes in influent BPA concentration affected BPA oxidation rates and the rate of δ-MnO2 reduction. Lower aqueous Mn(ii) production was observed in reactors at higher BPA introduction rates, suggesting that single-electron transfer and polymer production are favored under these conditions. However, an examination of Mn(ii) sorption during these reactions indicated that the length of the reaction, rather than BPA introduction rate, caused enhanced aqueous Mn(ii) production in reactors with low introduction rates and longer reaction times due to increased opportunity for disproportionation and comproportionation. This study demonstrates the importance of investigating both the organic and inorganic reactants in the aqueous and solid phases in this complex reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Balgooyen
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 660 N. Park St., Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Hydrosocial spatio-temporalities—aspects of water belonging to space, time, or space-time—are central to water governance, providing a framework upon which overall hydrosocial relations are constructed, and are fundamental to the establishment of values and central to socio-cultural-political relationships. Moreover, spatio-temporal conceptions may differ among diverse governing entities and across scales, creating “variability” through ontological pluralism, as well as power asymmetries embedded in cultural bias. This paper explores spatio-temporal conceptions related to water quality governance, an aspect of water governance often biased toward technical and scientific space-time conceptions. We offer examples of different aspects of spatio-temporality in water quality issues among Tribes in the United States, highlighting several themes, including spatiotemporal cycles, technological mediation, and interrelationship and fluidity. Finally, we suggest that because water is part of a dynamic network of space-times, water quality may be best governed through more holistic practices that recognize tribal sovereignty and hydrosocial variability.
Collapse
|
49
|
Nilsen E, Smalling KL, Ahrens L, Gros M, Miglioranza KSB, Picó Y, Schoenfuss HL. Critical review: Grand challenges in assessing the adverse effects of contaminants of emerging concern on aquatic food webs. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:46-60. [PMID: 30294805 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Much progress has been made in the past few decades in understanding the sources, transport, fate, and biological effects of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in aquatic ecosystems. Despite these advancements, significant obstacles still prevent comprehensive assessments of the environmental risks associated with the presence of CECs. Many of these obstacles center around the extrapolation of effects of single chemicals observed in the laboratory or effects found in individual organisms or species in the field to impacts of multiple stressors on aquatic food webs. In the present review, we identify 5 challenges that must be addressed to promote studies of CECs from singular exposure events to multispecies aquatic food web interactions. There needs to be: 1) more detailed information on the complexity of mixtures of CECs in the aquatic environment, 2) a greater understanding of the sublethal effects of CECs on a wide range of aquatic organisms, 3) an ascertaining of the biological consequences of variable duration CEC exposures within and across generations in aquatic species, 4) a linkage of multiple stressors with CEC exposure in aquatic systems, and 5) a documenting of the trophic consequences of CEC exposure across aquatic food webs. We examine the current literature to show how these challenges can be addressed to fill knowledge gaps. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:46-60. © 2018 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Nilsen
- US Geological Survey, Oregon Water Science Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kelly L Smalling
- US Geological Survey, New Jersey Water Science Center, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Meritxell Gros
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Catalan Institute for Water Research, Girona, Spain
| | - Karina S B Miglioranza
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Pollution, Mar del Plata University, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Yolanda Picó
- Environmental and Food Safety Research Group, Center of Research on Desertification (CIDe), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Heiko L Schoenfuss
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
van Wezel AP, van den Hurk F, Sjerps RMA, Meijers EM, Roex EWM, Ter Laak TL. Impact of industrial waste water treatment plants on Dutch surface waters and drinking water sources. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:1489-1499. [PMID: 30021315 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Direct industrial discharges of Chemicals of Emerging Concern (CEC) to surface water via industrial wastewater treatment plants (IWTP) gained relatively little attention compared to discharges via municipal sewage water treatment plants. IWTP effluents may however seriously affect surface water quality. Here we modelled direct industrial emissions of all 182 Dutch IWTP from 19 different industrial classes, and derived their impact on Dutch surface water quality and drinking water production. We selected industrial chemicals relevant for drinking water production, however a lack of systematic information on concentrations in IWTP effluents for many chemicals of interest was found. Therefore, we used data from the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register and data on Dutch IWTP as surrogate. We coupled these to a detailed hydrological model under two extreme river discharge conditions, and compared the predicted and measured concentrations. We derived relative impact factors for the IWTP based on their contribution to concentrations at surface water locations with a drinking water function. In total, a third of the abstracted water for drinking water production is influenced by the IWTP. From all Dutch 182 IWTP, only a limited number has - based on the model approach using surrogate parameters - a high impact on surface waters with a drinking water function. Mitigation measures can be taken cost-efficiently, by placing extra treatment technologies at the IWTP with high impact. Finally, we propose recommendations for licensing and controlling industrial aqueous emissions and give suggestions to fill the currently existing knowledge gaps and diminish uncertainties in the approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie P van Wezel
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Rosa M A Sjerps
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|