1
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Chen Z, Xiong JQ. Recovery mechanism of a microalgal species, Chlorella sp. from toxicity of doxylamine: Physiological and biochemical changes, and transcriptomics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134752. [PMID: 38815390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitous distribution of pharmaceutical contaminants in environment has caused unexpected adverse effects on ecological organisms; however, how microorganisms recover from their toxicities remains largely unknown. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the effect of a representative pollutant, doxylamine (DOX) on a freshwater microalgal species, Chlorella sp. by analyzing the growth patterns, biochemical changes (total chlorophyll, carotenoid, carbohydrate, protein, and antioxidant enzymes), and transcriptomics. We found toxicity of DOX on Chlorella sp. was mainly caused by disrupting synthesis of ribosomes in nucleolus, and r/t RNA binding and processing. Intriguingly, additional bicarbonate enhanced the toxicity of DOX with decreasing the half-maximum effective concentrations from 15.34 mg L-1 to 4.63 mg L-1, which can be caused by inhibiting fatty acid oxidation and amino acid metabolism. Microalgal cells can recover from this stress via upregulating antioxidant enzymatic activities to neutralize oxidative stresses, and photosynthetic pathways and nitrogen metabolism to supply more energies and cellular signaling molecules. This study extended our understanding on how microalgae can recover from chemical toxicity, and also emphasized the effect of environmental factors on the toxicity of these contaminants on aquatic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Department of Haide, Ocean University of China, Laoshan Campus, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Jiu-Qiang Xiong
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
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2
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Chiriac FL, Paun I, Iancu VI, Pirvu F, Dinu C, Niculescu M, Petre VA. Fate of pharmaceutical residue in two Romanian rivers receiving treated water: Occurrence, distribution and risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171359. [PMID: 38438025 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
This study presents the first set of data on the removal of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine H2 receptor antagonists (HRAs) and their transformation products in two Romanian wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), as well as the impact of these organic pollutants on freshwater receiving effluents. The research investigated eight target pharmaceuticals and three metabolites using a newly developed and validated Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. The combined determination had a range of quantification limits varying from 0.13 ng/L to 0.18 ng/L for surface water and from 0.28 ng/L to 0.43 ng/L for wastewater. All analytes except cimetidine and 5-hydroxy-omeprazole were identified in water samples. The study found similar overall removal efficiencies for both WWTPs (43.2 % for Galati and 51.7 % for Ramnicu-Valcea). The research also showed that ranitidine and omeprazole could pose a low to high ecological risk to aquatic organisms. The findings suggest that the treatment stages used in the two Romanian WWTPs are insufficient to remove the target analytes completely, leading to environmental risks associated with the occurrence of pharmaceutical compounds in effluents and freshwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Laura Chiriac
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology-ECOIND, Drumul Podu, Dambovitei Street 57-73, 070762 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Iuliana Paun
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology-ECOIND, Drumul Podu, Dambovitei Street 57-73, 070762 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vasile-Ion Iancu
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology-ECOIND, Drumul Podu, Dambovitei Street 57-73, 070762 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Florinela Pirvu
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology-ECOIND, Drumul Podu, Dambovitei Street 57-73, 070762 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Dinu
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology-ECOIND, Drumul Podu, Dambovitei Street 57-73, 070762 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marcela Niculescu
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology-ECOIND, Drumul Podu, Dambovitei Street 57-73, 070762 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Valentina Andreea Petre
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology-ECOIND, Drumul Podu, Dambovitei Street 57-73, 070762 Bucharest, Romania
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3
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Wu R, Sin YY, Cai L, Wang Y, Hu M, Liu X, Xu W, Kwan KY, Gonçalves D, Chan BKK, Zhang K, Chui APY, Chua SL, Fang JKH, Leung KMY. Pharmaceutical Residues in Edible Oysters along the Coasts of the East and South China Seas and Associated Health Risks to Humans and Wildlife. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:5512-5523. [PMID: 38478581 PMCID: PMC10976893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The investigation of pharmaceuticals as emerging contaminants in marine biota has been insufficient. In this study, we examined the presence of 51 pharmaceuticals in edible oysters along the coasts of the East and South China Seas. Only nine pharmaceuticals were detected. The mean concentrations of all measured pharmaceuticals in oysters per site ranged from 0.804 to 15.1 ng g-1 of dry weight, with antihistamines being the most common. Brompheniramine and promethazine were identified in biota samples for the first time. Although no significant health risks to humans were identified through consumption of oysters, 100-1000 times higher health risks were observed for wildlife like water birds, seasnails, and starfishes. Specifically, sea snails that primarily feed on oysters were found to be at risk of exposure to ciprofloxacin, brompheniramine, and promethazine. These high risks could be attributed to the monotonous diet habits and relatively limited food sources of these organisms. Furthermore, taking chirality into consideration, chlorpheniramine in the oysters was enriched by the S-enantiomer, with a relative potency 1.1-1.3 times higher when chlorpheniramine was considered as a racemate. Overall, this study highlights the prevalence of antihistamines in seafood and underscores the importance of studying enantioselectivities of pharmaceuticals in health risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongben Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City
University of Hong Kong, Kowloon
Tong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Department
of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong
Kong Polytechnic University, Hung
Hom, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yan Yin Sin
- State
Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City
University of Hong Kong, Kowloon
Tong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Shenzhen
Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Youji Wang
- International
Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Menghong Hu
- International
Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xiaoshou Liu
- College
of Marine Life Sciences and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean
Multispheres and Earth System, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wenzhe Xu
- College of
Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin
University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Kit Yue Kwan
- College of
Marine Science, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity
Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang
Autonomous Region 535011, China
| | - David Gonçalves
- Institute
of Science and Environment, University of
Saint Joseph, Nossa
Senhora de Fátima, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | | | - Kai Zhang
- National
Observation and Research Station of Coastal Ecological Environments
in Macao, Macao Environmental Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Apple Pui-Yi Chui
- State
Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City
University of Hong Kong, Kowloon
Tong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Simon F.S.
Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Song Lin Chua
- Department
of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of
Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, and Research Center for Deep
Space Explorations, The Hong Kong Polytechnic
University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - James Kar-Hei Fang
- State
Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City
University of Hong Kong, Kowloon
Tong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Department
of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong
Kong Polytechnic University, Hung
Hom, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Research
Institute for Future Food, and Research Institute for Land and Space, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Kenneth Mei-Yee Leung
- State
Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City
University of Hong Kong, Kowloon
Tong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Department
of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
SAR 999077, China
- Southern
Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
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4
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Wu R, Sin EYY, Zhang K, Xu S, Ruan Y, Mak YL, Yung YK, Sun SWC, Yang R, Lam PKS. Medicating the coast in a metropolitan city: Enantiomeric profiles and joint probabilistic risk assessment of antidepressants and antihistamines. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 184:108434. [PMID: 38237506 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are receiving increasing attention as emerging contaminants in the aquatic environment. Herein, we investigated the occurrence of 11 antidepressants, 6 antihistamines and 4 metabolites in treated wastewater effluents, rivers, stormwater, and seawater in Hong Kong, with special focus on chirality. The average levels of ∑pharmaceuticals ranged from 0.525 to 1070 ng/L in all samples and the total annual mass load of target pharmaceuticals in the marine environment of Hong Kong was 756 kg/y. Antihistamines accounted for >80 % of ∑pharmaceuticals, with diphenhydramine and fexofenadine being predominant. The occurrence and enantiomeric profiles of brompheniramine and promethazine sulfoxide were reported in global natural waters for the first time. Among chiral pharmaceuticals, mirtazapine and fexofenadine exhibited R-preference, while others mostly exhibited S-preference, implying that the ecological risks derived from achiral data for chiral pharmaceuticals may be biased. The joint probabilistic risk assessment of fluoxetine revealed that R-fluoxetine and rac-fluoxetine presented different ecological risks from that of S-fluoxetine; Such assessment also revealed that target pharmaceuticals posed only minimal to low risks, except that diphenhydramine posed an intermediate risk. As estimated, 10 % aquatic species will be affected when the environmental level of diphenhydramine exceeds 7.40 ng/L, which was seen in 46.9 % samples. Collectively, this study highlights further investigations on the enantioselectivity of chiral pharmaceuticals, particularly on environmental behavior and ecotoxicity using local aquatic species as target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongben Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Esther Yan-Yin Sin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China; National Observation and Research Station of Coastal Ecological Environment in Macao, Macao Environmental Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macao SAR, China
| | - Shaopeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuefei Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yim Ling Mak
- Water Quality Management Group, Environmental Protection Department, Hong Kong SAR Government, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ying-Kit Yung
- Water Quality Management Group, Environmental Protection Department, Hong Kong SAR Government, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sunny Wai-Choi Sun
- Water Quality Management Group, Environmental Protection Department, Hong Kong SAR Government, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Water Quality Management Group, Environmental Protection Department, Hong Kong SAR Government, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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5
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Stroski KM, Roelke DL, Kieley CM, Park R, Campbell KL, Klobusnik NH, Walker JR, Cagle SE, Labonté JM, Brooks BW. What, How, When, and Where: Spatiotemporal Water Quality Hazards of Cyanotoxins in Subtropical Eutrophic Reservoirs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:1473-1483. [PMID: 38205949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Though toxins produced during harmful blooms of cyanobacteria present diverse risks to public health and the environment, surface water quality surveillance of cyanobacterial toxins is inconsistent, spatiotemporally limited, and routinely relies on ELISA kits to estimate total microcystins (MCs) in surface waters. Here, we employed liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to examine common cyanotoxins, including five microcystins, three anatoxins, nodularin, cylindrospermopsin, and saxitoxin in 20 subtropical reservoirs spatially distributed across a pronounced annual rainfall gradient. Probabilistic environmental hazard analyses identified whether water quality values for cyanotoxins were exceeded and if these exceedances varied spatiotemporally. MC-LR was the most common congener detected, but it was not consistently observed with other toxins, including MC-YR, which was detected at the highest concentrations during spring with many observations above the California human recreation guideline (800 ng/L). Cylindrospermopsin was also quantitated in 40% of eutrophic reservoirs; these detections did not exceed a US Environmental Protection Agency swimming/advisory level (15,000 ng/L). Our observations have implications for routine water quality monitoring practices, which traditionally use ELISA kits to estimate MC levels and often limit collection of surface samples during summer months near reservoir impoundments, and further indicate that spatiotemporal surveillance efforts are necessary to understand cyanotoxins risks when harmful cyanobacteria blooms occur throughout the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Stroski
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Daniel L Roelke
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77554, United States
| | - Crista M Kieley
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77554, United States
| | - Royoung Park
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77554, United States
| | - Kathryn L Campbell
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77554, United States
| | - N Hagen Klobusnik
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77554, United States
| | - Jordan R Walker
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77554, United States
| | - Sierra E Cagle
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77554, United States
| | - Jessica M Labonté
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77554, United States
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
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6
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Caracciolo R, Escher BI, Lai FY, Nguyen TA, Le TMT, Schlichting R, Tröger R, Némery J, Wiberg K, Nguyen PD, Baduel C. Impact of a megacity on the water quality of a tropical estuary assessed by a combination of chemical analysis and in-vitro bioassays. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162525. [PMID: 36868276 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Tropical estuaries are threatened by rapid urbanization, which leads to the spread of thousands of micropollutants and poses an environmental risk to such sensitive aqueous ecosystems. In the present study, a combination of chemical and bioanalytical water characterization was applied to investigate the impact of Ho Chi Minh megacity (HCMC, 9.2 million inhabitants in 2021) on the Saigon River and its estuary and provide a comprehensive water quality assessment. Water samples were collected along a 140-km stretch integrating the river-estuary continuum from upstream HCMC down to the estuary mouth in the East Sea. Additional water samples were collected at the mouth of the four main canals of the city center. Chemical analysis was performed targeting up to 217 micropollutants (pharmaceuticals, plasticizers, PFASs, flame retardants, hormones, pesticides). Bioanalysis was performed using six in-vitro bioassays for hormone receptor-mediated effects, xenobiotic metabolism pathways and oxidative stress response, respectively, all accompanied by cytotoxicity measurement. A total of 120 micropollutants were detected and displayed high variability along the river continuum with total concentration ranging from 0.25 to 78 μg L-1. Among them, 59 micropollutants were ubiquitous (detection frequency ≥ 80 %). An attenuation was observed in concentration and effect profiles towards the estuary. The urban canals were identified as major sources of micropollutants and bioactivity to the river, and one canal (Bến Nghé) exceeded the effect-based trigger values derived for estrogenicity and xenobiotic metabolism. Iceberg modelling apportioned the contribution of the quantified and the unknown chemicals to the measured effects. Diuron, metolachlor, chlorpyrifos, daidzein, genistein, climbazole, mebendazole and telmisartan were identified as main risk drivers of the oxidative stress response and xenobiotic metabolism pathway activation. Our study reinforced the need for improved wastewater management and deeper evaluations of the occurrence and fate of micropollutants in urbanized tropical estuarine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romane Caracciolo
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IRD, CNRS, INRAE, Grenoble INP, Institute of Environmental Geosciences (IGE), 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Beate I Escher
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Foon Yin Lai
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Truong An Nguyen
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IRD, CNRS, INRAE, Grenoble INP, Institute of Environmental Geosciences (IGE), 38000 Grenoble, France; Asian Centre for Water Research (CARE)/HCMUT, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Minh Tam Le
- Asian Centre for Water Research (CARE)/HCMUT, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Ho Chi Minh University of Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Rita Schlichting
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rikard Tröger
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Julien Némery
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IRD, CNRS, INRAE, Grenoble INP, Institute of Environmental Geosciences (IGE), 38000 Grenoble, France; Asian Centre for Water Research (CARE)/HCMUT, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Karin Wiberg
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Phuoc Dan Nguyen
- Asian Centre for Water Research (CARE)/HCMUT, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Ho Chi Minh University of Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Christine Baduel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IRD, CNRS, INRAE, Grenoble INP, Institute of Environmental Geosciences (IGE), 38000 Grenoble, France; Asian Centre for Water Research (CARE)/HCMUT, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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7
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Cole AR, Brooks BW. Global occurrence of synthetic glucocorticoids and glucocorticoid receptor agonistic activity, and aquatic hazards in effluent discharges and freshwater systems. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 329:121638. [PMID: 37080519 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
With a growing global population comes an increase in pharmaceutical usage and a concentration of pharmaceutical consumption in urban areas, which release diverse chemicals and waste to the environment. Because synthetic glucocorticoids have been identified as endocrine disruptors and environmental contaminants of emerging concern, we conducted a global scanning assessment of these pharmaceuticals in wastewater effluents and freshwater systems. Thirty-seven synthetic glucocorticoids were identified, and available information on environmental occurrence of specific substances was critically reviewed from the peer-reviewed literature. We developed probabilistic environmental exposure distributions for synthetic glucocorticoids, and further considered glucocorticoid receptor agonistic activity from biomonitoring efforts using in vitro methods. When sufficient data was available, we then performed probabilistic environmental hazard assessments using predicted no effect concentrations, therapeutic hazard values and in vitro bioactivity information (AC50 values) for specific glucocorticoids. We observed pronounced differences for aquatic monitoring data among geographic regions; information is not available from many regions where most of the global population resides. We identified differences between analytical chemistry derived occurrence values for specific chemicals and biomonitoring results from seven different in vitro assays, which suggests that compounds not previously preselected for targeted analyses contribute to glucocorticoid receptor agonism in effluent discharges and aquatic systems. Our observations further identify the importance of advancing nontargeted analyses and research on in vitro to in vivo extrapolation of aquatic hazards. Though aquatic toxicology information is lacking for most of these substances, we observed diverse aquatic hazards for several synthetic glucocorticoids, and these observations varied by aquatic matrix and among geographic regions. This study identifies timely data gaps and can inform future environmentally relevant chemistry and toxicology efforts examining synthetic glucocorticoids in aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Cole
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
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8
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Wronski AR, Brooks BW. Global occurrence and aquatic hazards of antipsychotics in sewage influents, effluent discharges and surface waters. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 320:121042. [PMID: 36646406 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite increasing reports of pharmaceuticals in surface waters, aquatic hazard information remains limited for many contaminants, particularly for sublethal, chronic responses plausibly linked to molecular initiation events that are largely conserved across vertebrates. Here, we critically examined available refereed information on the occurrence of 67 antipsychotics in wastewater effluent and surface waters. Because the majority of sewage remains untreated around the world, we also examined occurrence in sewage influents. When sufficient information was available, we developed probabilistic environmental exposure distributions (EEDs) for each compound in each matrix by geographic region. We then performed probabilistic environmental hazard assessments (PEHAs) using therapeutic hazard values (THVs) of each compound, due to limited sublethal aquatic toxicology information for this class of pharmaceuticals. From these PEHAs, we determined predicted exceedances of the respective THVs for each chemical among matrices and regions, noting that THV values of antipsychotic contaminants are typically lower than other classes of human pharmaceuticals. Diverse exceedances were observed, and these aquatic hazards varied by compound, matrix and geographic region. In wastewater effluent discharges and surface waters, sulpiride was the most detected antipsychotic; however, percent exceedances of the THV were minimal (0.6%) for this medication. In contrast, we observed elevated aquatic hazards for chlorpromazine (30.5%), aripiprazole (37.5%), and perphenazine (68.7%) in effluent discharges, and for chlorprothixene (35.4%) and flupentixol (98.8%) in surface waters. Elevated aquatic hazards for relatively understudied antipsychotics were identified, which highlight important data gaps for future environmental chemistry and toxicology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Wronski
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
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9
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Van Nguyen T, Bořík A, Velíšek J, Kouba A, Žlábek V, Koubová A. Integrated biomarker response in signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus exposed to diphenhydramine. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136382. [PMID: 36088977 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Diphenhydramine (DPH) is a pharmaceutical with multiple modes of action, primarily designed as an antihistamine therapeutic drug. Among antihistamines, DPH is a significant contaminant in the environment, frequently detected in surface waters, sediments, and tissues of aquatic biota. In the present study, signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus was used as a model organism because of their prominent ecological roles in freshwater ecosystems. The biochemical effects were investigated in crayfish exposed to the environmental (low: 2 μg L-1), ten times elevated (medium: 20 μg L-1), and the sublethal (high: 200 μg L-1) nominal concentrations of DPH in water for 96 h. Lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities, and acetylcholinesterase activity were assessed as toxicological biomarkers in crayfish hepatopancreas, gills, and muscles. Low and medium DPH exposure caused imbalances only in glutathione-like enzyme activities. Integrated biomarker response showed the absolute DPH toxicity effects on all tested tissues under high exposure. This study identified that high, short-term DPH exposure induced oxidative stress in crayfish on multiple tissue levels, with the most considerable extent in muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuyen Van Nguyen
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Bořík
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Velíšek
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Kouba
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Žlábek
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Koubová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
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10
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Ignoto S, Pecoraro R, Scalisi EM, Buttigè SE, Contino M, Ferruggia G, Salvaggio A, Brundo MV. Acute Toxicity of a Marine Emerging Pollutant (Promethazine Hydrochloride) on Artemia sp. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:39619-39623. [PMID: 36385863 PMCID: PMC9648048 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been a worrying increase in the pollution of the aquatic ecosystem caused by emerging contaminants (ECs) detected in wastewater effluent discharges. Although traces of ECs in waters have been found in low concentrations, it leads to negative effects for nontarget organisms. Antihistamines are a class of drugs largely used, whose metabolites are widespread in the aquatic ecosystem. The aim of the study was to evaluate the short-term effects of promethazine hydrochloride on nauplii of Artemia sp. A high percentage of mortality and morphological alterations were found. The results suggest a possible correlation between exposure to antihistamine and an acceleration of larval development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ignoto
- Department
of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Roberta Pecoraro
- Department
of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Elena Maria Scalisi
- Department
of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Sharon Esmeralda Buttigè
- Department
of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Martina Contino
- Department
of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Greta Ferruggia
- Department
of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Salvaggio
- Experimental
Zooprophylactic Institute of Sicily “A. Mirri”, Via Gino Marinuzzi, 3, Palermo 90129, Italy
| | - Maria Violetta Brundo
- Department
of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy
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11
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Madikizela LM, Ncube S. Health effects and risks associated with the occurrence of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in marine organisms and seafood. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 837:155780. [PMID: 35537516 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and their metabolites are continuously invading the marine environment due to their input from the land such as their disposal into the drains and sewers which is mostly followed by their transfer into wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Their incomplete removal in WWTPs introduces pharmaceuticals into oceans and surface water. To date, various pharmaceuticals and their metabolites have been detected in marine environment. Their occurrence in marine organisms raises concerns regarding toxic effects and development of drug resistant genes. Therefore, it is crucial to review the health effects and risks associated with the presence of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in marine organisms and seafood. This is an important study area which is related to the availability of seafood and its quality. Hence, this study provides a critical review of the information available in literature which relates to the occurrence and toxic effects of pharmaceuticals in marine organisms and seafood. This was initiated through conducting a literature search focussing on articles investigating the occurrence and effects of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in marine organisms and seafood. In general, most studies on the monitoring of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in marine environment are conducted in well developed countries such as Europe while research in developing countries is still limited. Pharmaceuticals present in freshwater are mostly found in seawater and marine organisms. Furthermore, the toxicity caused by different pharmaceutical mixtures was observed to be more severe than that of individual compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Mzukisi Madikizela
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, 1710, South Africa.
| | - Somandla Ncube
- Department of Chemistry, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, P.O Box 60, Medunsa 0204, South Africa
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12
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Liu A, Lin W, Ping S, Guan W, Hu N, Zheng S, Ren Y. Analysis of degradation and pathways of three common antihistamine drugs by NaClO, UV, and UV-NaClO methods. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:43984-44002. [PMID: 35122640 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18760-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antihistamines (ANTs) are medicines to treat allergic diseases. They have been frequently detected in the natural water environment, posing potential threats to the ecological environment and human health. In this study, the degradation of three common antihistamines, loratadine, fexofenadine, and cetirizine, was estimated under different oxidation methods (NaClO, UV, and UV-NaClO). The results showed that UV-NaClO had the highest degree of degradation on the drugs under most conditions: 100% degradation for fexofenadine within 20 s at pH 7 and 10. Under UV irradiation, the degradation efficiencies of the three drugs during 150 s were all above 77% at a pH of 7. The drugs' removal by NaClO was much lower than that of the previous two methods. In addition, this study explored the contribution rates of active oxygen species in the photolysis process. Among them, the contribution of 1O2 to the fexofenadine and cetirizine removal rate reached 70%. Different aqueous matrices (HCO3-, NO3-, and humic acid) had varying degrees of influence on the degradation. Acute toxicity tests and ultraviolet scans of the degradation products showed that the drugs were not completely mineralized, and the toxicities of the intermediates were even higher than those of the parent drugs. There were 9, 8, and 10 chloride oxidation products of loratadine, fexofenadine, and cetirizine, respectively, and 8 photolysis products of cetirizine were identified. For cetirizine, it was found that there were three identical intermediates produced by photodegradation and NaClO oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchen Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenting Lin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Senwen Ping
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Guan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningyi Hu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Sichun Zheng
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Ren
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
- The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Eco-Remediation of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Mechanistic Insight into Degradation of Cetirizine under UV/Chlorine Treatment: Experimental and Quantum Chemical Studies. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14091323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
UV/chlorine treatment is an efficient technology for removing organic pollutants in wastewater. Nevertheless, degradation of antihistamines in the UV/chlorine system, especially the underlying reaction mechanism, is not yet clear. In this study, the degradation of cetirizine (CTZ), a representative antihistamine, under UV/chlorine treatment was investigated. The results showed that CTZ could undergo fast degradation in the UV/chlorine system with an observed reaction rate constant (kobs) of (0.19 ± 0.01) min−1, which showed a first-increase and then-decrease trend with its initial concentration increased. The degradation of CTZ during the UV/chlorine treatment was attributed to direct UV irradiation (38.7%), HO• (35.3%), Cl• (7.3%), and ClO• (17.1%). The kobs of CTZ decreased with the increase in pH and the increase in concentrations of a representative dissolved organic matter, Suwannee River natural organic matter (SRNOM), due to their negative effects on the concentrations of reactive species generated in the UV/chlorine system. The detailed reaction pathways of HO•, ClO•, and Cl• with CTZ were revealed using quantum chemical calculation. This study provided significant insights into the efficient degradation and the underlying mechanism for the removal of CTZ in the UV/chlorine system.
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14
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Sims JL, Stroski KM, Kim S, Killeen G, Ehalt R, Simcik MF, Brooks BW. Global occurrence and probabilistic environmental health hazard assessment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in groundwater and surface waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 816:151535. [PMID: 34762945 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been used in consumer and military products since the 1950s but are increasingly scrutinized worldwide because of inherent chemical properties, environmental contamination, and risks to public health and the environment. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) identified 24 PFASs of interest for further study and possible regulation. We examined 371 peer-reviewed studies published since 2001 to understand the occurrence and distribution of 24 priority PFASs in global surface waters and groundwater. We identified 77,541 and 16,246 data points for surface waters and groundwater, respectively, with total PFAS concentrations ranging from low pg/L to low mg/L levels. Most data were from Asia, Europe, and North America with some reports from Oceania. PFAS information from other geographic regions is lacking. PFASs levels are consistently higher in rivers and streams followed by lakes and reservoirs and then coastal and marine systems. When sufficient data were available, probabilistic environmental hazard assessments (PEHAs) were performed from environmental exposure distributions (EEDs) to identify potential exceedances of available guideline values for each compound by matrix, region, and aquatic system. Specifically, exceedances of USEPA drinking water lifetime health advisory levels were up to 74% for PFOS in groundwater from Oceania and 69% for PFOA in North American groundwater. Our findings support selection of environmentally relevant experimental treatment levels for future toxicology, ecotoxicology and bioaccumulation studies, and potable source water exposure investigations, while highlighting PFASs and major geographic locations requiring additional study and inclusion in global monitoring and surveillance campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaylen L Sims
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Kevin M Stroski
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Grace Killeen
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Ricardo Ehalt
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Matt F Simcik
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
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15
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Coors A, Falkenhain AM, Scheurer M, Länge R. Evidence for Specific Receptor-Mediated Toxicity of Pharmaceuticals in Aquatic Organisms Derived from Acute and Chronic Standard Endpoints. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:601-613. [PMID: 33595135 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of 17 active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) was investigated using standardized acute and chronic tests with Daphnia magna and 2 algae species. Chronic toxicity was generally greater for Daphnia than for algae. Compilation of additional data resulted in 100 APIs for which the acute-to-chronic ratio (ACR) was determined for Daphnia. The frequency of high ACRs (~20% with ACRs > 100) indicates that specific receptor-mediated toxicity toward D. magna is rather common among APIs. The 11 APIs with ACRs > 1000 included lipid-modifying agents, immunosuppressants, antibiotics, antineoplastics, antiobesics, antivirals, and antihistamines. There was no consistent association between ACR and chronic toxicity, ionization status, or lipophilicity. High ACRs were not exclusively associated with the presence of orthologs of the pharmacological target in Daphnia. Statins, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, and antihistamines are discussed in more detail regarding the link between targets and toxic mode of action. For acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, receptor-mediated toxicity was already apparent after acute exposure, whereas the high ACR and chronic toxicity of some antihistamines probably related to interaction with a secondary rather than the primary pharmacological target. Acute or modeled chronic toxicity estimates have often been used for prioritizing pharmaceuticals. This may be seriously misleading because chronic effects are currently not predictable for APIs with specific receptor-mediated toxicity. However, it is exactly these APIs that are the most relevant in terms of environmental risks. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:601-613. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Coors
- ECT Oekotoxikologie, Flörsheim/Main, Germany
- Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | | | - Marco Scheurer
- Deutscher Verein des Gas- und Wasserfaches-Technologiezentrum Wasser, Karlsruhe, Germany
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16
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Wang HJ, Lin HHH, Hsieh MC, Lin AYC. Photoaged polystyrene microplastics serve as photosensitizers that enhance cimetidine photolysis in an aqueous environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133352. [PMID: 34922962 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have received much attention in recent years because of their continuous photoaging process in aquatic environments. However, little research has been conducted on the photochemistry of aged microplastics and the associated effects on coexisting pharmaceuticals. This study investigated the photodegradation of cimetidine via aged polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) with different aging times (0-7 d) under simulated sunlight irradiation (700 W/m2). PS-MPs with 5 d of aging time resulted in much faster cimetidine degradation (>99%) after 2 h of irradiation than pristine PS-MPs (<8%). The enhanced photodegradation of cimetidine by aged PS-MPs was related to the increase in chromophoric oxygenated groups (CO, C-O) followed by redshifted absorbance through the photoaging process, which induced the formation of the environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) OH, 1O2 and 3PS*. However, only 1O2 and 3PS* contributed to enhanced cimetidine photodegradation, with 1O2 playing a more important role in our case. This work also demonstrated that other compounds that are susceptible to indirect photolysis, such as codeine and morphine, are likewise significantly degraded under irradiation in the presence of aged PS-MPs. Although previous studies have reported how MPs can increase the persistence of contaminants, this study demonstrates that MPs can serve as photosensitizers and alter the fate of coexisting pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ju Wang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Hank Hui-Hsiang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chi Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Angela Yu-Chen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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17
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Fedorova G, Grabic R, Grabicová K, Turek J, Van Nguyen T, Randak T, Brooks BW, Zlabek V. Water reuse for aquaculture: Comparative removal efficacy and aquatic hazard reduction of pharmaceuticals by a pond treatment system during a one year study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126712. [PMID: 34388919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture is increasing at the global scale, and beneficial reuse of wastewater is becoming crucial in some regions. Here we selected a unique tertiary treatment system for study over a one-year period. This experimental ecosystem-based approach to effluent management included a treated wastewater pond (TWP), which receives 100% effluent from a wastewater treatment plant, and an aquaculture pond (AP) that receives treated water from the TWP for fish production. We examined the fate of a wide range of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in this TWP-AP system and a control pond fed by river water using traditional grab sampling and passive samplers. We then employed probabilistic approaches to examine exposure hazards. Telmisartan, carbamazepine, diclofenac and venlafaxine, exceeded ecotoxicological predicted no effect concentrations in influent wastewater to the TWP, but these water quality hazards were consistently reduced following treatment in the TWP-AP system. In addition, both grab and passive sampling approaches resulted in similar occurrence patterns of studied compounds, which highlights the potential of POCIS use for water monitoring. Based on the approach taken here, the TWP-AP system appears useful as a tertiary treatment step to reduce PhACs and decrease ecotoxicological and antibiotic resistance water quality hazards prior to beneficial reuse in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganna Fedorova
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Water, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Roman Grabic
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Water, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Grabicová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Water, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Turek
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Water, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Tuyen Van Nguyen
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Water, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Randak
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Water, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biomedical Studies, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Vladimir Zlabek
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Water, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
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18
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Gunes B, Jaquet Y, Sánchez L, Pumarino R, McGlade D, Quilty B, Morrissey A, Gholamvand Z, Nolan K, Lawler J. Activated Graphene Oxide-Calcium Alginate Beads for Adsorption of Methylene Blue and Pharmaceuticals. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216343. [PMID: 34771868 PMCID: PMC8585342 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable adsorption capacity of graphene-derived materials has prompted their examination in composite materials suitable for deployment in treatment of contaminated waters. In this study, crosslinked calcium alginate–graphene oxide beads were prepared and activated by exposure to pH 4 by using 0.1M HCl. The activated beads were investigated as novel adsorbents for the removal of organic pollutants (methylene blue dye and the pharmaceuticals famotidine and diclofenac) with a range of physicochemical properties. The effects of initial pollutant concentration, temperature, pH, and adsorbent dose were investigated, and kinetic models were examined for fit to the data. The maximum adsorption capacities qmax obtained were 1334, 35.50 and 36.35 mg g−1 for the uptake of methylene blue, famotidine and diclofenac, respectively. The equilibrium adsorption had an alignment with Langmuir isotherms, while the kinetics were most accurately modelled using pseudo- first-order and second order models according to the regression analysis. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° were calculated and the adsorption process was determined to be exothermic and spontaneous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Gunes
- DCU Water Institute, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland; (B.G.); (D.M.); (B.Q.); (Z.G.)
| | - Yannick Jaquet
- Institut Technologie du vivant, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Rte de Moutier 14, 2800 Delémont, Switzerland;
| | - Laura Sánchez
- Faculty of Biology, University of Oviedo Calle Catedrático Valentín Andrés Álvarez, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (L.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Rebecca Pumarino
- Faculty of Biology, University of Oviedo Calle Catedrático Valentín Andrés Álvarez, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (L.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Declan McGlade
- DCU Water Institute, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland; (B.G.); (D.M.); (B.Q.); (Z.G.)
| | - Brid Quilty
- DCU Water Institute, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland; (B.G.); (D.M.); (B.Q.); (Z.G.)
| | - Anne Morrissey
- DCU Water Institute, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Zahra Gholamvand
- DCU Water Institute, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland; (B.G.); (D.M.); (B.Q.); (Z.G.)
| | - Kieran Nolan
- DCU Water Institute, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Jenny Lawler
- DCU Water Institute, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland; (B.G.); (D.M.); (B.Q.); (Z.G.)
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha 34110, Qatar
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-445-48116
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19
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Kuhl GM, Seidenkranz DT, Pluth MD, Johnson DW, Fontenot SA. Potentiometric measurement of barbituric acid by integration of supramolecular receptors into ChemFETs. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2021.100397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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20
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Guo J, Liu S, Zhou L, Cheng B, Li Q. Prioritizing pharmaceuticals based on environmental risks in the aquatic environment in China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 278:111479. [PMID: 33126192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In last two decades, the number of detected activated pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in the natural environment worldwide has increased due to their widespread use in daily life. However, given the large number of APIs that are currently in use (approximate 850 are on the market in China), it is impractical to investigate the occurrence, ecotoxicological effects, and perform environmental risk assessment for all drugs. Therefore, it is crucial to rank and prioritize APIs in the environment to identify the compounds of high concern. In China, since information on API usage is not available, an attempt was made to use the number of products per API (the number of pharmaceutical commodities that contain a particular API) on the market multiplied by its daily dose (average daily dose of medication for adults used for the primary therapeutic purpose) to replace the usage in the exposure modeling. Coupled with the hazard assessment, including acute and chronic toxicity of aquatic ecological effects and potential effects related to the therapeutic mode of action, risk scores were estimated and used for ranking. Application of the approach was illustrated for 259 APIs with product number no less than 4. A list of 20 APIs was finally identified as a potential priority, including drugs of cardiovascular, nervous system, respiratory system, musculoskeletal system and antibiotics. In the future, this approach could be applied to prioritize APIs in other countries/regions where information on API usage are limited or non-existent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Qi Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China.
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21
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Švecová H, Grabic R, Grabicová K, Vojs Staňová A, Fedorova G, Cerveny D, Turek J, Randák T, Brooks BW. De facto reuse at the watershed scale: Seasonal changes, population contributions, instream flows and water quality hazards of human pharmaceuticals. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115888. [PMID: 33158621 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With increasing population growth and climate change, de facto reuse practices are predicted to increase globally. We investigated a longitudinal gradient within the Uhlava River, a representative watershed, where de facto reuse is actively occurring, during Fall and Spring seasons when instream flows vary. We observed human pharmaceutical levels in the river to continuously increase from the mountainous areas upstream to downstream locations and a potable intake location, with the highest concentrations found in small tributaries. Significant relationship was identified between mass flow of pharmaceuticals and the size of human populations contributing to wastewater treatment plant discharges. Advanced ozonation and granular activated carbon filtration effectively removed pharmaceuticals from potable source waters. We observed a higher probability of encountering a number of targeted pharmaceuticals during colder Spring months when stream flows were elevated compared to warmer conditions with lower flows in the Fall despite a dilution paradigm routinely applied for surface water quality assessment and management efforts. Such observations translated to greater water quality hazards during these higher Spring flows. Future water monitoring efforts should account for periods when higher chemical uses occur, particularly in the face of climate change for regions experiencing population growth and de facto reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Švecová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Roman Grabic
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Grabicová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Vojs Staňová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic; Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ilkovičova 6, SK-842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ganna Fedorova
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Cerveny
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic; Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan Turek
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Randák
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic; Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biomedical Studies, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
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22
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Quintelas C, Melo A, Costa M, Mesquita DP, Ferreira EC, Amaral AL. Environmentally-friendly technology for rapid identification and quantification of emerging pollutants from wastewater using infrared spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 80:103458. [PMID: 32710934 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The monitoring of emerging pollutants in wastewaters is nowadays an issue of special concern, with the classical quantification methods being time and reagent consuming. In this sense, a FTIR transmission spectroscopy based chemometric methodology was developed for the determination of eight of these pollutants. A total of 456 samples were, therefore, obtained, from an activated sludge wastewater treatment process spiked with the studied pollutants, and analysed in the range of 200 cm-1 to 14,000 cm-1. Then, a k-nearest neighbour (kNN) analysis aiming at identifying each sample pollutant was employed. Next, partial least squares (PLS) and ordinary least squares (OLS) modelling approaches were employed in order to obtain suitable prediction models. This procedure resulted in good prediction abilities regarding the estimation of atrazine, desloratadine, paracetamol, β-estradiol, ibuprofen, carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole and ethynylestradiol concentrations in wastewaters. These promising results suggest this technology as a fast, eco-friendly and reagent free alternative methodology for the quantification of emerging pollutants in wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Quintelas
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
| | - A Melo
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - M Costa
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - D P Mesquita
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - E C Ferreira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - A L Amaral
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, ISEC, DEQB, Rua Pedro Nunes, Quinta da Nora, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal
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23
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Scarlett KR, Kim S, Lovin LM, Chatterjee S, Scott JT, Brooks BW. Global scanning of cylindrospermopsin: Critical review and analysis of aquatic occurrence, bioaccumulation, toxicity and health hazards. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 738:139807. [PMID: 32585507 PMCID: PMC8204307 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cylindrospermopsin (CYN), a cyanotoxin produced by harmful algal blooms, has been reported worldwide; however, there remains limited understanding of its potential risks to surface water quality. In the present study, we critically reviewed available literature regarding the global occurrence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of CYN in aquatic systems with a particular focus on freshwater. We subsequently developed environmental exposure distributions (EEDs) for CYN in surface waters and performed probabilistic environmental hazard assessments (PEHAs) using guideline values (GVs). PEHAs were performed by geographic region, type of aquatic system, and matrix. CYN occurrence was prevalent in North America, Europe, and Asia/Pacific, with lakes being the most common system. Many global whole water EEDs exceeded guideline values (GV) previously developed for drinking water (e.g., 0.5 μg L-1) and recreational water (e.g., 1 μg L-1). GV exceedances were higher in the Asia/Pacific region, and in rivers and reservoirs. Rivers in the Asia/Pacific region exceeded the lowest drinking water GV 73.2% of the time. However, lack of standardized protocols used for analyses was alarming, which warrants improvement in future studies. In addition, bioaccumulation of CYN has been reported in mollusks, crustaceans, and fish, but such exposure information remains limited. Though several publications have reported aquatic toxicity of CYN, there is limited chronic aquatic toxicity data, especially for higher trophic level organisms. Most aquatic toxicity studies have not employed standardized experimental designs, failed to analytically verify treatment levels, and did not report purity of CYN used for experiments; therefore, existing data are insufficient to derive water quality guidelines. Considering such elevated exceedances of CYN in global surface waters and limited aquatic bioaccumulation and toxicity data, further aquatic monitoring, environmental fate and mechanistic toxicology studies are warranted to robustly assess and manage water quality risks to public health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall R Scarlett
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Lea M Lovin
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - J Thad Scott
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
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24
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Zhang H, Lin Y, Men Z, Ihara M, Li W, He K. Evaluation of pharmaceutical activities of G-protein coupled receptor targeted pharmaceuticals in Chinese wastewater effluent. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Kulandaivelu J, Choi PM, Shrestha S, Li X, Song Y, Li J, Sharma K, Yuan Z, Mueller JF, Wang C, Jiang G. Assessing the removal of organic micropollutants from wastewater by discharging drinking water sludge to sewers. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 181:115945. [PMID: 32502752 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Discharging drinking water treatment sludge (DWTS) to sewers could be an efficient waste management strategy with the potential to replace chemical dosing for pollutant control. This study for the first time investigated the fate of 28 different organic micropollutants (MPs) due to the dosing of iron-rich and aluminum-rich DWTS in a pilot rising main sewer. Nine MPs had an initial rapid removal within 1-hr (i.e., 10-80%) due to Fe-DWTS dosing. The formation of FeS particles due to Fe-DWTS dosing was responsible for the removal of dissolved sulfides (80% reduction comparing to control sewer). Further particle characterization using SEM-EDS, XRD and ATR-FTIR confirmed that FeS particles formation played an important role in the removal of MPs from wastewater. Adsorption of MPs onto the FeS particles was likely the possible mechanism for their rapid removal. In comparison to iron-rich DWTS, aluminum-rich DWTS had very limited beneficial effects in removing MPs from wastewater. The degradability of degradable MPs, including caffeine, paraxanthine, paracetamol, metformin, cyclamate, cephalexin, and MIAA were not affected by the DWTS dosing. Some non-degradable MPs, including cotinine, hydroxycotinine, tramadol, gabapentin, desvenlafaxine, hydrochlorothiazide, carbamazepine, fluconazole, sulfamethoxazole, acesulfame, saccharin and sucralose were also not impacted by the DWTS dosing. This study systematically assessed the additional benefits of discharging Fe-DWTS to the sewer network i.e., the removal of MPs from the liquid phase thereby reducing its load to the treatment plant. The results corroborate the discharge of Fe-rich DWTS in sewers as an effective and beneficial way of managing the waste by-product.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phil M Choi
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Sohan Shrestha
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Xuan Li
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Yarong Song
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Jiaying Li
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Keshab Sharma
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Chengduan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Arts and Science, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangming Jiang
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Arts and Science, Sichuan, China; School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
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26
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Grabicová K, Grabic R, Fedorova G, Kolářová J, Turek J, Brooks BW, Randák T. Psychoactive pharmaceuticals in aquatic systems: A comparative assessment of environmental monitoring approaches for water and fish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 261:114150. [PMID: 32062094 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental monitoring and surveillance studies of pharmaceuticals routinely examine occurrence of substances without current information on human consumption patterns. We selected 10 streams with diverse annual flows and differentially influenced by population densities to examine surface water occurrence and fish accumulation of select psychoactive medicines, for which consumption is increasing in the Czech Republic. We then tested whether passive sampling can provide a useful surrogate for exposure to these substances through grab sampling, body burdens of young of year fish, and tissue specific accumulation of these psychoactive contaminants. We identified a statistically significant (p < 0.05) relationship between ambient grab samples and passive samplers in these streams when psychoactive contaminants were commonly quantitated by targeted liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, though we did not observe relationships between passive samplers and tissue specific pharmaceutical accumulation. We further observed smaller lotic systems with elevated contamination when municipal effluent discharges from more highly populated cities contributed a greater extent of instream flows. These findings identify the importance of understanding age and species specific differences in fish uptake, internal disposition, metabolism and elimination of psychoactive drugs across surface water quality gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Grabicová
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - Roman Grabic
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Ganna Fedorova
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Kolářová
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Turek
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic; Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biomedical Studies, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Tomáš Randák
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
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27
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Zhang H, Ihara MO, Nakada N, Tanaka H, Ihara M. Biological Activity-Based Prioritization of Pharmaceuticals in Wastewater for Environmental Monitoring: G Protein-Coupled Receptor Inhibitors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:1720-1729. [PMID: 31935073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals raise concerns for aquatic species owing to their biological activities. It is estimated that nearly 40% of marketed pharmaceuticals target G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Using an in vitro transforming growth factor-α (TGFα) shedding assay, we previously detected antagonistic activities of GPCR-acting pharmaceuticals against angiotensin (AT1), dopamine (D2), acetylcholine (M1), adrenergic family members (β1), and histamine (H1) receptors at up to μg-antagonist-equivalent quantities/L in wastewater in England and Japan. However, which pharmaceuticals were responsible for biological activities in wastewater remained unclear. Here, we used (1) the consumption of GPCR-acting pharmaceuticals, particularly antagonists, as calculated from prescriptions, (2) their urinary excretion, and (3) their potency measured by the TGFα shedding assay to prioritize them for analysis in wastewater in England and Japan. We calculated predicted activities of 48 GPCR-acting pharmaceuticals in influents in England and Japan and identified which were mainly responsible for antagonistic activities in wastewater against each GPCR. Mixtures of pharmaceuticals tested in this study were confirmed to behave additively. The combination of consumption and potency is useful in prioritizing pharmaceuticals for environmental monitoring and toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Otsu 520-0811 , Shiga , Japan
| | - Mariko O Ihara
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Otsu 520-0811 , Shiga , Japan
| | - Norihide Nakada
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Otsu 520-0811 , Shiga , Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Otsu 520-0811 , Shiga , Japan
| | - Masaru Ihara
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Otsu 520-0811 , Shiga , Japan
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28
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Miarov O, Tal A, Avisar D. A critical evaluation of comparative regulatory strategies for monitoring pharmaceuticals in recycled wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 254:109794. [PMID: 31780268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are a subset of micropollutants, present in the environment in trace concentrations. Because of their persistent nature, these chemicals are of particular concern. Little is known about how mixtures of pharmaceutical residues, found in WWTP effluents, affect the environment or public health. Yet, numerous studies show negative outcomes for both aquatic and terrestrial organisms, suggesting that they are given both to bioaccumulation and uptake in plants. Israel leads the world in effluent reuse (86%), almost exclusively utilized for purposes of agricultural irrigation. Pharmaceuticals, however, are not included in Israel's water regulatory oversight or management, essentially creating an epidemiological experiment among its citizens and environment. Globally, these compounds also are not commonly subject to monitoring or regulation. This study reviews and analyzes water policies and regulation worldwide that address the presence of pharmaceuticals in water resources, with a particular focus on Australia, Singapore, Switzerland, and the USA. Furthermore, the study investigates the reasons why these chemicals are not yet regulated in Israel. Based on a comprehensive evaluation of the data and analysis of the regulatory rationale in other countries, a list of recommended pharmaceutical standards that should be measured and monitored in Israel's wastewater treatment system is proposed. The suggested prioritization criteria should be at the heart of a new regulatory agenda for controlling pharmaceutical contamination in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Miarov
- The Water Research Center, Porter School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Alon Tal
- Department of Public Policy, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Dror Avisar
- The Water Research Center, Porter School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
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29
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Afsa S, Hamden K, Lara Martin PA, Mansour HB. Occurrence of 40 pharmaceutically active compounds in hospital and urban wastewaters and their contribution to Mahdia coastal seawater contamination. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:1941-1955. [PMID: 31768956 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06866-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the occurrence of 40 pharmaceuticals belonging to several therapeutic groups was investigated for the first time in hospital effluent, wastewater treatment plant influent and effluent, and seawater in Mahdia, Tunisia. Forty-six samples were collected within a 6-month sampling period. Pharmaceuticals were analyzed using solid-phase extraction followed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Thirty-three out of the forty target compounds were detected over a wide concentration of ranges, from nanograms per liter to micrograms per liter, depending on the type of sample. Maximum values were detected for caffeine at 902 μgL-1 in hospital wastewater. This compound, as well as salicylic acid, sulfadiazine, and sulfamethizole, were detected in all samples. The average concentration of total pharmaceuticals in hospital wastewater (340 μgL-1) was higher than those detected in influent and effluent wastewater and seawater (275.11 and 0.2 μgL-1, respectively). Risk quotients (RQs) were also estimated to provide a preliminary environmental risk assessment and results revealed that sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, and fluoxetine could pose medium/high risk to the tested aquatic organisms for maximum measured concentrations in wastewater (including hospital and WWTP samples). Although the measured environmental concentrations (MECs) detected in seawater samples might not pose a toxic effect to the aquatic organisms (except for salicylic acid, sulfamethoxazole and fluoxetine), further researches are needed due to the continuous release of wastewater in the environment and the limited efficiency of wastewater treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrine Afsa
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to the Environment-APAE UR17ES32, Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia "ISSAT", University of Monastir, 5100, Mahdia, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Hamden
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to the Environment-APAE UR17ES32, Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia "ISSAT", University of Monastir, 5100, Mahdia, Tunisia
| | - Pablo A Lara Martin
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), 11510, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Hedi Ben Mansour
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to the Environment-APAE UR17ES32, Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia "ISSAT", University of Monastir, 5100, Mahdia, Tunisia.
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30
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Assress HA, Nyoni H, Mamba BB, Msagati TAM. Target quantification of azole antifungals and retrospective screening of other emerging pollutants in wastewater effluent using UHPLC -QTOF-MS. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 253:655-666. [PMID: 31330357 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The information acquired by high resolution quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS) allows target analysis as well as retrospective screening for the presence of suspect or unknown emerging pollutants which were not included in the target analysis. Targeted quantification of eight azole antifungal drugs in wastewater effluent as well as new and relatively simple retrospective suspect and non-target screening strategy for emerging pollutants using UHPLC-QTOF-MS is described in this work. More than 300 (parent compounds and transformation products) and 150 accurate masses were included in the retrospective suspect and non-target screening, respectively. Tentative identification of suspects and unknowns was based on accurate masses, peak intensity, blank subtraction, isotopic pattern (mSigma value), compound annotation using data bases such as KEGG and CHEBI, and fragmentation pattern interpretation. In the targeted analysis, clotrimazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole and posaconazole were detected in the effluent wastewater sample, fluconazole being with highest average concentration (302.38 ng L-1). The retrospective screening resulted in the detection of 27 compounds that had not been included in the target analysis. The suspect compounds tentatively identified included atazanavir, citalopram, climbazole, bezafibrate estradiol, desmethylvenlafaxine, losartan carboxylic acid and cetirizine, of which citalopram, estradiol and cetirizine were confirmed using a standard. Carbamazepine, atrazine, efavirenz, lopinavir, fexofenadine and 5-methylbenzotriazole were among the compounds detected following the non-targeted screening approach, of which carbamazepine was confirmed using a standard. Given the detection of the target antifungals in the effluent, the findings are a call for a wide assessment of their occurrence in aquatic environments and their role in ecotoxicology as well as in selection of drug resistant fungi. The findings of this work further highlights the practical benefits obtained for the identification of a broader range of emerging pollutants in the environment when retrospective screening is applied to high resolution and high accuracy mass spectrometric data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailemariam Abrha Assress
- University of South Africa, College of Science Engineering and Technology, Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, UNISA Science Campus, P.O. Box 392, UNISA 0003, Florida, 1709 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Hlengilizwe Nyoni
- University of South Africa, College of Science Engineering and Technology, Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, UNISA Science Campus, P.O. Box 392, UNISA 0003, Florida, 1709 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Bhekie B Mamba
- University of South Africa, College of Science Engineering and Technology, Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, UNISA Science Campus, P.O. Box 392, UNISA 0003, Florida, 1709 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Titus A M Msagati
- University of South Africa, College of Science Engineering and Technology, Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, UNISA Science Campus, P.O. Box 392, UNISA 0003, Florida, 1709 Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Scott WC, Haddad SP, Saari GN, Chambliss CK, Conkle JL, Matson CW, Brooks BW. Influence of salinity and pH on bioconcentration of ionizable pharmaceuticals by the gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 229:434-442. [PMID: 31082711 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Estuaries routinely receive discharges of contaminants of emerging concern from urban regions. Within these dynamic estuarine systems, salinity and pH can vary across spatial and temporal scales. Our previous research identified bioaccumulation of the calcium channel blocker diltiazem and the antihistamine diphenhydramine in several species of fish residing in multiple urban estuaries along the Gulf of Mexico in Texas, where field-measured observations of diltiazem in fish plasma exceeded human therapeutic plasma doses. However, there remains a limited understanding of pharmaceutical bioaccumulation in estuarine environments. Here, we examined the influence of pH and salinity on bioconcentration of three pharmaceuticals in the Gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis. F. grandis were exposed to low levels of the ionizable pharmaceuticals carbamazepine, diltiazem, and diphenhydramine at two salinities (5 ppt, 20 ppt) and two pH levels (6.7, 8.3). pH influenced bioconcentration of select weak base pharmaceuticals, while salinity did not, suggesting that intestinal uptake via drinking does not appear to be a major exposure route of these pharmaceuticals in killifish. Compared to our previous pH dependent uptake observations with diphenhydramine in the fathead minnow model, killifish apparent volume of distribution values were markedly lower than fatheads, though killifish bioconcentration factors were similar at high pH and four fold higher at low pH than freshwater fish. Advancing an understanding of environmental gradient influences on pharmacokinetics among fish is necessary to improve bioaccumulation assessments and interpretation of toxicological observations for ionizable contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Casan Scott
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Samuel P Haddad
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Gavin N Saari
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - C Kevin Chambliss
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Jeremy L Conkle
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Cole W Matson
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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Gunnarsson L, Snape JR, Verbruggen B, Owen SF, Kristiansson E, Margiotta-Casaluci L, Österlund T, Hutchinson K, Leverett D, Marks B, Tyler CR. Pharmacology beyond the patient - The environmental risks of human drugs. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 129:320-332. [PMID: 31150974 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment is a growing global concern and although environmental risk assessment is required for approval of new drugs in Europe and the USA, the adequacy of the current triggers and the effects-based assessments has been questioned. OBJECTIVE To provide a comprehensive analysis of all regulatory compliant aquatic ecotoxicity data and evaluate the current triggers and effects-based environmental assessments to facilitate the development of more efficient approaches for pharmaceuticals toxicity testing. METHODS Publicly-available regulatory compliant ecotoxicity data for drugs targeting human proteins was compiled together with pharmacological information including drug targets, Cmax and lipophilicity. Possible links between these factors and the ecotoxicity data for effects on, growth, mortality and/or reproduction, were evaluated. The environmental risks were then assessed based on a combined analysis of drug toxicity and predicted environmental concentrations based on European patient consumption data. RESULTS For most (88%) of the of 975 approved small molecule drugs targeting human proteins a complete set of regulatory compliant ecotoxicity data in the public domain was lacking, highlighting the need for both intelligent approaches to prioritize legacy human drugs for a tailored environmental risk assessment and a transparent database that captures environmental data. We show that presence/absence of drug-target orthologues are predictive of susceptible species for the more potent drugs. Drugs that target the endocrine system represent the highest potency and greatest risk. However, for most drugs (>80%) with a full set of ecotoxicity data, risk quotients assuming worst-case exposure assessments were below one in all European countries indicating low environmental risks for the endpoints assessed. CONCLUSION We believe that the presented analysis can guide improvements to current testing procedures, and provide valuable approaches for prioritising legacy drugs (i.e. those registered before 2006) for further ecotoxicity testing. For drugs where effects of possible concern (e.g. behaviour) are not captured in regulatory tests, additional mechanistic testing may be required to provide the highest confidence for avoiding environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Gunnarsson
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Jason R Snape
- AstraZeneca, Global Environment, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TF, UK; School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, the University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Bas Verbruggen
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Stewart F Owen
- AstraZeneca, Global Environment, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TF, UK
| | - Erik Kristiansson
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Tobias Österlund
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kathryn Hutchinson
- AstraZeneca, Global Environment, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TF, UK
| | - Dean Leverett
- WCA, Brunel House, Volunteer Way, Faringdon, Oxfordshire SN7 7YR, UK
| | - Becky Marks
- WCA, Brunel House, Volunteer Way, Faringdon, Oxfordshire SN7 7YR, UK
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK.
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Mole RA, Brooks BW. Global scanning of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: occurrence, wastewater treatment and hazards in aquatic systems. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 250:1019-1031. [PMID: 31085468 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
As the global population becomes more concentrated in urban areas, resource consumption, including access to pharmaceuticals, is increasing and chemical use is also increasingly concentrated. Unfortunately, implementation of waste management systems and wastewater treatment infrastructure is not yet meeting these global megatrends. Herein, pharmaceuticals are indicators of an urbanizing water cycle; antidepressants are among the most commonly studied classes of these contaminants of emerging concern. In the present study, we performed a unique global hazard assessment of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in water matrices across geographic regions and for common wastewater treatment technologies. SSRIs in the environment have primarily been reported from Europe (50%) followed by North America (38%) and Asia-Pacific (10%). Minimal to no monitoring data exists for many developing regions of the world, including Africa and South America. From probabilistic environmental exposure distributions, 5th and 95th percentiles for all SSRIs across all geographic regions were 2.31 and 3022.1 ng/L for influent, 5.3 and 841.6 ng/L for effluent, 0.8 and 127.7 ng/L for freshwater, and 0.5 and 22.3 ng/L for coastal and marine systems, respectively. To estimate the potential hazards of SSRIs in the aquatic environment, percent exceedances of therapeutic hazard values of specific SSRIs, without recommended safety factors, were identified within and among geographic regions. For influent sewage and wastewater effluents, sertraline exceedances were observed 49% and 29% of the time, respectively, demonstrating the need to better understand emerging water quality hazards of SSRIs in urban freshwater and coastal ecosystems. This unique global review and analysis identified regions where more monitoring is necessary, and compounds requiring toxicological attention, particularly with increasing aquatic reports of behavioral perturbations elicited by SSRIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Mole
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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White D, Lapworth DJ, Civil W, Williams P. Tracking changes in the occurrence and source of pharmaceuticals within the River Thames, UK; from source to sea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 249:257-266. [PMID: 30897465 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the occurrence and sources of pharmaceutical substances in the environment. This paper reports the first detailed transect of pharmaceutical occurrence along the River Thames, UK, from source to sea, undertaken during a period of high flow in 2016. In 37 samples a total of 41 pharmaceuticals and 2 lifestyle compounds (cocaine and sucralose) were detected. Total concentration of pharmaceuticals ranged from 0.0012 μg/l to 10.24 μg/l with a median of 2.6 μg/l. Sucralose concentrations varied from <0.01 to 5.9 μg/l with a median concentration of 1.93 μg/l and was detected in every sample except the groundwater-dominated sources of the Thames. Antimicrobials, including those on the surface water watch list (erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin) were detected in every site downstream of the Thames source. Diclofenac, recently on the surface water watch list, was detected in 97% of Thames samples and above the proposed EQS of 0.1 μg/l in 12 samples. Distinct increases in concentration and number of pharmaceuticals were found downstream of the Oxford, Mogdon and Hogsmill wastewater treatment works (WWTW) but were more subdued downstream of the Crossness and Beckton WWTW due to the tidal nature of the Thames and combined sewer outflows. Sucralose was found to be an excellent tracer of wastewaters (treated and untreated) and can be used as a proxy for many pharmaceuticals. Paracetamol and ibuprofen were tracers of untreated wastewater inputs to the Thames due to their high biodegradation within WWTWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie White
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, Oxfordshire, UK.
| | - Dan J Lapworth
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Wayne Civil
- Environment Agency, National Laboratory Service (NLS), Starcross, Devon, EX6 8FD, UK
| | - Peter Williams
- British Geological Survey, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, Oxfordshire, UK
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Burket SR, White M, Ramirez AJ, Stanley JK, Banks KE, Waller WT, Chambliss CK, Brooks BW. Corbicula fluminea rapidly accumulate pharmaceuticals from an effluent dependent urban stream. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 224:873-883. [PMID: 30856403 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater bivalve populations are stressed by watershed development at the global scale. Though pharmaceuticals released from wastewater treatment plant effluent discharges are increasingly reported to bioaccumulate in fish, an understanding of bioaccumulation in bivalves is less defined. In the present study, we examined accumulation of 12 target pharmaceuticals in C. fluminea during a 42 day in situ study in Pecan Creek, an effluent dependent wadeable stream in north central Texas, USA. Caged clams were placed at increasing distances (5 m, 643 m, 1762 m) downstream from a municipal effluent discharge and then subsampled on study days 7, 14, 28 and 42. Acetaminophen, caffeine, carbamazepine, diltiazem, diphenhydramine, fluoxetine, norfluoxetine, sertraline, desmethylsertraline, and methylphenidate were identified in C. fluminea whole body tissue homogenates via isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Tissue concentrations ranged from low μg/kg (methylphenidate) to 341 μg/kg (sertraline). By study day 7, rapid and apparent pseudo-steady state accumulation of study compounds was observed in clams; this observation continued throughout the 42 d study. Notably, elevated bioaccumulation factors (L/kg) for sertraline were observed between 3361 and 6845, which highlights the importance of developing predictive bioaccumulation models for ionizable contaminants with bivalves. Future research is also necessary to understand different routes of exposure and elimination kinetics for pharmaceutical accumulation in bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rebekah Burket
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Mendie White
- Institute of Applied Science, University of North Texas, 704 W Mulberry St, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Alejandro J Ramirez
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Jacob K Stanley
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | | | - W Thomas Waller
- Institute of Applied Science, University of North Texas, 704 W Mulberry St, Denton, TX, USA
| | - C Kevin Chambliss
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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Bittner L, Teixidó E, Keddi I, Escher BI, Klüver N. pH-Dependent Uptake and Sublethal Effects of Antihistamines in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:1012-1022. [PMID: 30779379 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Reported off-target effects of antihistamines in humans draw interest in ecotoxicity testing of first- and second-generation antihistamines, the latter of which have fewer reported side effects in humans. Because antihistamines are ionizable compounds, the pH influences uptake and toxicity and thus is highly relevant when conducting toxicity experiments. Zebrafish embryo toxicity tests were performed with the 3 first-generation antihistamines ketotifen, doxylamine, and dimethindene and the 2 second-generation antihistamines cetirizine and levocabastine at pH 5.5, 7.0, and 8.0. We detected effects on survival, phenotype, swimming activity, and heart rate for 4 antihistamines with the exception of levocabastine, which did not show any lethal or sublethal effects. When compared to lethal concentrations, effect concentrations neither of phenotype malformation nor of swimming activity or heart rate deviated by more than a factor of 10 from lethal concentrations, indicating that all sublethal effects were fairly nonspecific. First-generation antihistamines are weak bases and showed decreasing external effect concentrations with increasing neutral fraction, accompanied by increased uptake in the fish embryo. As a result, internal effect concentrations were independent from external pH. The pH-dependent toxicity originates from speciation-dependent uptake, with neutral species taken up in higher amounts than the corresponding ionic species. Cetirizine, which shifts from a zwitterionic to an anionic state in the measured pH range, did not show any pH-dependent uptake or toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;00:1-11. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bittner
- Department Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elisabet Teixidó
- Department Bioanalytical Toxicology, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Isabel Keddi
- Department Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beate I Escher
- Department Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Department Environmental Toxicology, Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nils Klüver
- Department Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
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Iesce MR, Lavorgna M, Russo C, Piscitelli C, Passananti M, Temussi F, DellaGreca M, Cermola F, Isidori M. Ecotoxic effects of loratadine and its metabolic and light-induced derivatives. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 170:664-672. [PMID: 30579167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Loratadine and desloratadine are second-generation antihistaminic drugs. Because of human administration, they are continuously released via excreta into wastewater treatment plants and occur in surface waters as residues and transformation products (TPs). Loratadine and desloratadine residues have been found at very low concentrations (ng/L) in the aquatic environment but their toxic effects are still not well known. Both drugs are light-sensitive even under environmentally simulated conditions and some of the photoproducts have been isolated and characterized. The aim of the present study was to investigate the acute and chronic ecotoxicity of loratadine, desloratadine and their light-induced transformation products in organisms of the aquatic trophic chain. Bioassays were performed in the alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus and in two crustaceans, Thamnocephalus platyurus and Ceriodaphnia dubia. Loratadine exerted its acute and chronic toxicity especially on Ceriodaphnia dubia (LC50: 600 µg/L, EC50: 28.14 µg/L) while desloratadine showed similar acute toxicity among the organisms tested and it was the most chronically effective compound in Ceriodaphnia dubia and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Generally, transformation products were less active in both acute and chronic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Iesce
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università Federico II, Via Cintia, 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Margherita Lavorgna
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Chiara Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Concetta Piscitelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Monica Passananti
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fabio Temussi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università Federico II, Via Cintia, 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marina DellaGreca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università Federico II, Via Cintia, 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Flavio Cermola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università Federico II, Via Cintia, 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marina Isidori
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
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Di Lorenzo T, Castaño-Sánchez A, Di Marzio WD, García-Doncel P, Nozal Martínez L, Galassi DMP, Iepure S. The role of freshwater copepods in the environmental risk assessment of caffeine and propranolol mixtures in the surface water bodies of Spain. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 220:227-236. [PMID: 30583214 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study we aimed at assessing: (i) the environmental risk posed by mixtures of caffeine and propranolol to the freshwater ecosystems of Spain; (ii) the sensitivity of freshwater copepod species to the two compounds; (iii) if the toxicity of caffeine and propranolol to freshwater copepods contributes to the environmental risk posed by the two compounds in the freshwater bodies of Spain. The environmental risk was computed as the ratio of MECs (i.e. the measured environmental concentrations) to PNECs (i.e. the respective predicted no-effect concentrations). The effects of caffeine and propranolol on the freshwater cyclopoid Diacyclops crassicaudis crassicaudis were tested both individually and in binary mixtures. Propranolol posed an environmental risk in some but not in all the surface water ecosystems of Spain investigated in this study, while caffeine posed an environmental risk to all the investigated freshwater bodies, both as single compound and in the mixture with propranolol. Propranolol was the most toxic compound to D. crassicaudis crassicaudis, while caffeine was non-toxic to this species. The CA model predicted the toxicity of the propranolol and caffeine mixture for this species. D. crassicaudis crassicaudis was much less sensitive than several other aquatic species to both compounds. The sensitivity of D. crassicaudis crassicaudis does not increase the environmental risk posed by the two compounds in the freshwater bodies of Spain, however, further testing is recommended since the effect of toxicants on freshwater copepods can be more pronounced under multiple stressors and temperature increasing due to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Di Lorenzo
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Andrea Castaño-Sánchez
- IMDEA Water Institute, Calle Punto Com 2, Edificio ZYE 2, Parque Científico Tecnológico de la Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Walter Darío Di Marzio
- Programa de Investigación en Ecotoxicología, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján - Comisión Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas CONICET, Argentina
| | - Patricia García-Doncel
- IMDEA Water Institute, Calle Punto Com 2, Edificio ZYE 2, Parque Científico Tecnológico de la Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Leonor Nozal Martínez
- IMDEA Water Institute, Calle Punto Com 2, Edificio ZYE 2, Parque Científico Tecnológico de la Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Diana Maria Paola Galassi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio 1, Coppito, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Sanda Iepure
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, José Beltrán Martínez, 2, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain; University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Biology, Department of Genetics and Biosystematics, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
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Brooks BW, Conkle JL. Commentary: Perspectives on aquaculture, urbanization and water quality. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 217:1-4. [PMID: 30496833 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aquaculture presents essential opportunities to meet global food security needs, but adverse effects of aquaculture practices on ecological integrity and influences of existing waste management infrastructure on product safety must be understood in rapidly expanding urban and peri-urban regions. Concentration of, access to and use of chemical products is increasing in many urban areas faster than interventions are being implemented. Aquaculture farming is employing "non-traditional" (e.g., treated or untreated sewage) waters in some regions, but the spatial extent of these intentional or de facto water reuse practices with associated water quality and food safety systems are poorly understood around the world. Integrative water reuse, aquaculture product safety, ecological and public health research and advanced surveillance systems are needed. Such efforts appear particularly important because noncommunicable diseases are increasing and pollution is now recognized as one of the major global health threats, particularly in lower and middle income countries. Here we provide some modest perspectives and identify several research needs to support more sustainable aquaculture practices while protecting public health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biomedical Studies, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Jeremy L Conkle
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
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Jonsson M, Andersson M, Fick J, Brodin T, Klaminder J, Piovano S. High-speed imaging reveals how antihistamine exposure affects escape behaviours in aquatic insect prey. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 648:1257-1262. [PMID: 30340271 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic systems receive a wide range of pharmaceuticals that may have adverse impacts on aquatic wildlife. Among these pharmaceuticals, antihistamines are commonly found, and these substances have the potential to influence the physiology of aquatic invertebrates. Previous studies have focused on how antihistamines may affect behaviours of aquatic invertebrates, but these studies probably do not capture the full consequences of antihistamine exposure, as traditional recording techniques do not capture important animal movements occurring at the scale of milliseconds, such as prey escape responses. In this study, we investigated if antihistamine exposure can impact escape responses in aquatic insect, by exposing damselfly (Coenagrion hastulatum) larvae to two environmentally relevant concentrations (0.1 and 1 μg L-1) of diphenhydramine. Importantly, we used a high-speed imaging approach that with high-time resolution captures details of escape responses and, thus, potential impacts of diphenhydramine on these behaviours. Our results show overall weak effects of antihistamine exposure on the escape behaviours of damselfly larvae. However, at stage 2 of the C-escape response, we found a significant increase in turning angle, which corresponds to a reduced swimming velocity, indicating a reduced success at evading a predator attack. Thus, we show that low concentrations of an antihistamine may affect behaviours strongly related to fitness of aquatic insect prey - effects that would have been overlooked using traditional recording techniques. Hence, to understand the full consequences of pharmaceutical contamination on aquatic wildlife, high-speed imaging should be incorporated into future environmental risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micael Jonsson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| | | | - Jerker Fick
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tomas Brodin
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE 90187 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, SLU, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jonatan Klaminder
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Susanna Piovano
- School of Marine Studies, The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Bay Road, Suva, Fiji
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Zhang H, Ihara M, Hanamoto S, Nakada N, Jürgens MD, Johnson AC, Tanaka H. Quantification of Pharmaceutical Related Biological Activity in Effluents from Wastewater Treatment Plants in UK and Japan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:11848-11856. [PMID: 30216714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
While pharmaceuticals are now routinely detected in aquatic environments, we know little of the biological activity their presence might provoke. It is estimated that nearly 40% of all marketed pharmaceuticals are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) acting pharmaceuticals. Here, we applied an in-vitro assay, called the TGFα shedding assay, to measure the biological activities of GPCRs-acting pharmaceuticals present in effluents from municipal wastewater treatment plants in the United Kingdom (UK) and Japan from 2014 to 2016. The results indicated that compounds were present in the wastewater with antagonistic activities against angiotensin (AT1), dopamine (D2), adrenergic (β1), acetylcholine (M1), and histamine (H1) receptors in both countries. The most consistent and powerful antagonistic activity was against the H1, D2, and AT1 receptors at up to microgram-antagonist-equivalent quantity/L. Chemical analysis of the same UK samples was also conducted in parallel. Comparing the results of the bioassay with the chemical analysis indicated (1) the existence of other D2 or M1 receptor antagonists besides sulpiride (D2 antagonist) or pirenzepine (M1 antagonist) in wastewater and (2) that there might be a mixture effect between agonist and antagonistic activities against β1 receptor. GPCR-acting pharmaceuticals should be paid more attention in the environmental monitoring and toxicity testing in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management , Kyoto University , 1-2 Yumihama , Otsu , Shiga 520-0811 , Japan
| | - Masaru Ihara
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management , Kyoto University , 1-2 Yumihama , Otsu , Shiga 520-0811 , Japan
| | - Seiya Hanamoto
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management , Kyoto University , 1-2 Yumihama , Otsu , Shiga 520-0811 , Japan
| | - Norihide Nakada
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management , Kyoto University , 1-2 Yumihama , Otsu , Shiga 520-0811 , Japan
| | - Monika D Jürgens
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology , Wallingford, Oxfordshire , OX10 8BB , United Kingdom
| | - Andrew C Johnson
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology , Wallingford, Oxfordshire , OX10 8BB , United Kingdom
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management , Kyoto University , 1-2 Yumihama , Otsu , Shiga 520-0811 , Japan
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Li S, Peng J, Chen F, Pan Z, Peng H, Chen Y, He Y, Wang X. High performance liquid chromatography associated with resonance Rayleigh scattering for synchronous determination of three antihistamines and mechanism study. LUMINESCENCE 2018; 33:1171-1179. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.3532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouthwest University No.2 Tiansheng Road Beibei District, Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Jingdong Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouthwest University No.2 Tiansheng Road Beibei District, Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouthwest University No.2 Tiansheng Road Beibei District, Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Ziyu Pan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouthwest University No.2 Tiansheng Road Beibei District, Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Huanjun Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouthwest University No.2 Tiansheng Road Beibei District, Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouthwest University No.2 Tiansheng Road Beibei District, Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Yan He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouthwest University No.2 Tiansheng Road Beibei District, Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Xiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouthwest University No.2 Tiansheng Road Beibei District, Chongqing P. R. China
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Steele WB, Mole RA, Brooks BW. Experimental Protocol for Examining Behavioral Response Profiles in Larval Fish: Application to the Neuro-stimulant Caffeine. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30102268 PMCID: PMC6126542 DOI: 10.3791/57938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish models and behaviors are increasingly used in the biomedical sciences; however, fish have long been the subject of ecological, physiological and toxicological studies. Using automated digital tracking platforms, recent efforts in neuropharmacology are leveraging larval fish locomotor behaviors to identify potential therapeutic targets for novel small molecules. Similar to these efforts, research in the environmental sciences and comparative pharmacology and toxicology is examining various behaviors of fish models as diagnostic tools in tiered evaluation of contaminants and real-time monitoring of surface waters for contaminant threats. Whereas the zebrafish is a popular larval fish model in the biomedical sciences, the fathead minnow is a common larval fish model in ecotoxicology. Unfortunately, fathead minnow larvae have received considerably less attention in behavioral studies. Here, we develop and demonstrate a behavioral profile protocol using caffeine as a model neurostimulant. Though photomotor responses of fathead minnows were occasionally affected by caffeine, zebrafish were markedly more sensitive for photomotor and locomotor endpoints, which responded at environmentally relevant levels. Future studies are needed to understand comparative behavioral sensitivity differences among fish with age and time of day, and to determine whether similar behavioral effects would occur in nature and be indicative of adverse outcomes at the individual or population levels of biological organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Baylor Steele
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University; Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University
| | - Rachel A Mole
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University; Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University;
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Schafhauser BH, Kristofco LA, de Oliveira CMR, Brooks BW. Global review and analysis of erythromycin in the environment: Occurrence, bioaccumulation and antibiotic resistance hazards. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 238:440-451. [PMID: 29587215 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Environmental observations of antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals have received attention as indicators of an urbanizing global water cycle. When connections between environment and development of antibiotic resistance (ABR) are considered, it is increasingly important to understand the life cycle of antibiotics. Here we examined the global occurrence of erythromycin (ERY) in: 1. wastewater effluent, inland waters, drinking water, groundwater, and estuarine and coastal systems; 2. sewage sludge, biosolids and sediments; and 3. tissues of aquatic organisms. We then performed probabilistic environmental hazard assessments to identify probabilities of exceeding the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) of 1.0 μg L-1 for promoting ABR, based on previous modeling of minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimal selective concentrations of ERY, and measured levels from different geographic regions. Marked differences were observed among geographic regions and matrices. For example, more information was available for water matrices (312 publications) than solids (97 publications). ERY has primarily been studied in Asia, North America and Europe with the majority of studies performed in China, USA, Spain and the United Kingdom. In surface waters 72.4% of the Asian studies have been performed in China, while 85.4% of the observations from North America were from the USA; Spain represented 41.9% of the European surface water studies. Remarkably, results from PEHAs indicated that the likelihood of exceeding the ERY PNEC for ABR in effluents was markedly high in Asia (33.3%) followed by Europe (20%) and North America (17.8%). Unfortunately, ERY occurrence data is comparatively limited in coastal and marine systems across large geographic regions including Southwest Asia, Eastern Europe, Africa, and Central and South America. Future studies are needed to understand risks of ERY and other antibiotics to human health and the environment, particularly in developing regions where waste management systems and treatment infrastructure are being implemented slower than access to and consumption of pharmaceuticals is occurring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Henrique Schafhauser
- Graduate Program in Environmental Management, Universidade Positivo, R. Prof. Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza - Campo Comprido, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lauren A Kristofco
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Cíntia Mara Ribas de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Environmental Management, Universidade Positivo, R. Prof. Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza - Campo Comprido, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
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Chung SS, Zheng JS, Burket SR, Brooks BW. Select antibiotics in leachate from closed and active landfills exceed thresholds for antibiotic resistance development. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 115:89-96. [PMID: 29550713 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Though antibiotic resistance (ABR) represents a major global health threat, contributions of landfill leachate to the life cycle of antibiotics and ABR development are poorly understood in rapidly urbanizing regions of developing countries. We selected one of the largest active landfills in Asia and two landfills that have been closed for 20 years to examine antibiotic occurrences in leachates and associated hazards during wet and dry season sampling events. We focused on some of the most commonly used human antibiotics in Hong Kong, one of the most populous Asian cities and the fourth most densely populated cities in the world. Seven antibiotics (cephalexin [CLX], chloramphenicol [CAP], ciprofloxacin [CIP], erythromycin [ERY], roxithromycin [ROX], trimethoprim [TMP], sulfamethoxazole [SMX]) were quantitated using HPLC-MS/MS generally following previously reported methods. Whereas CLX, CAP, ROX and SMX in leachates did not exceed ABR predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs), exceedances were observed for CIP, ERY and TMP in some study locations and on some dates. In fact, an ABR PNEC for CIP was exceeded in leachates during both sampling periods from all study locations, including leachates that are directly discharged to coastal systems. These findings highlight the importance of developing an advanced understanding of pharmaceutical access, usage and disposal practices, effectiveness of intervention strategies (e.g., leachate treatment technologies, drug take-back schemes), and contributions of landfill leachates to the life cycle of antibiotics and ABR development, particularly in rapidly urbanizing coastal regions with less advanced waste management systems than Hong Kong.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Chung
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - J S Zheng
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - S R Burket
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - B W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
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Furley TH, Brodeur J, Silva de Assis HC, Carriquiriborde P, Chagas KR, Corrales J, Denadai M, Fuchs J, Mascarenhas R, Miglioranza KSB, Miguez Caramés DM, Navas JM, Nugegoda D, Planes E, Rodriguez‐Jorquera IA, Orozco‐Medina M, Boxall ABA, Rudd MA, Brooks BW. Toward sustainable environmental quality: Identifying priority research questions for Latin America. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2018; 14:344-357. [PMID: 29469193 PMCID: PMC5947661 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The Global Horizon Scanning Project (GHSP) is an innovative initiative that aims to identify important global environmental quality research needs. Here we report 20 key research questions from Latin America (LA). Members of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) LA and other scientists from LA were asked to submit research questions that would represent priority needs to address in the region. One hundred questions were received, then partitioned among categories, examined, and some rearranged during a workshop in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Twenty priority research questions were subsequently identified. These research questions included developing, improving, and harmonizing across LA countries methods for 1) identifying contaminants and degradation products in complex matrices (including biota); 2) advancing prediction of contaminant risks and effects in ecosystems, addressing lab-to-field extrapolation challenges, and understanding complexities of multiple stressors (including chemicals and climate change); and 3) improving management and regulatory tools toward achieving sustainable development. Whereas environmental contaminants frequently identified in these key questions were pesticides, pharmaceuticals, endocrine disruptors or modulators, plastics, and nanomaterials, commonly identified environmental challenges were related to agriculture, urban effluents, solid wastes, pulp and paper mills, and natural extraction activities. Several interesting research topics included assessing and preventing pollution impacts on conservation protected areas, integrating environment and health assessments, and developing strategies for identification, substitution, and design of less hazardous chemicals (e.g., green chemistry). Finally, a recurrent research need included developing an understanding of differential sensitivity of regional species and ecosystems to environmental contaminants and other stressors. Addressing these critical questions will support development of long-term strategic research efforts to advance more sustainable environmental quality and protect public health and the environment in LA. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2018;14:344-357. © 2018 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie Brodeur
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales (CIRN)Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | | | | | | | - Jone Corrales
- Department of Environmental ScienceBaylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
| | - Marina Denadai
- Department of ChemistryFederal University of São CarlosSão CarlosBrazil
| | - Julio Fuchs
- IQUIBICEN‐CONICETUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
| | | | | | - Diana Margarita Miguez Caramés
- Laboratorio Ecotoxicología y Contaminación Ambiental, IIMyC, CONICET‐UNMDPArgentina
- Laboratorio Tecnológico del Uruguay (LATU)MontevideoUruguay
| | | | | | - Estela Planes
- National Institute of Industrial TechnologyChemistry CenterBuenos AiresArgentina
| | | | | | | | - Murray A Rudd
- Department of Environmental SciencesEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental ScienceBaylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
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Gwenzi W, Chaukura N. Organic contaminants in African aquatic systems: Current knowledge, health risks, and future research directions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 619-620:1493-1514. [PMID: 29734625 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Organic contaminants (OCs) are increasingly being reported in African aquatic systems, yet a critical evaluation of the literature is still lacking. The objectives of this review were to: (1) identify hotspot reservoirs, transfer pathways and ecological and human risks of OCs, (2) identify potential interventions to minimize the health risks, and (3) highlight knowledge gaps and research constraints. OCs widely reported in aquatic systems include pesticides, pharmaceuticals, plasticizers, solvents, endocrine disrupting compounds, and antimicrobial resistance genes, originating from applications in crop protection, veterinary and animal husbandry, human sanitation and hygiene, human vector and disease control. Potential hotspot reservoirs of OCs include wastewaters, on-site sanitation systems, leachates from non-engineered landfills and contaminated recharge of shallow groundwater systems. OCs could be transferred into humans via drinking of contaminated water, consumption of contaminated crops and aquatic foods, and to a lesser extent, inhalation and dermal contact. Ecological effects including intersex, estrogenicity, and acute and chronic toxicity occur in avian and aquatic species. Although the evidence base of human ecotoxicological effects of OC remains weak, pesticides have been reported in human milk, serum and sperms, pointing to potential chronic and acute toxicity and endocrine disruption. The prevalence of antimicrobials and their resistance genes could in turn lead to antimicrobial resistance in humans. The lack of OC monitoring in drinking water, coupled with over-reliance on untreated drinking water vulnerable to OC contamination predisposes humans to OC health risks. Appropriate water treatment methods, were identified, and a conceptual framework developed to minimize the ecological and human health risks. Future research directions on OC hotspot reservoirs, environmental behaviour and fate, ecotoxicology, epidemiology and interventions to minimize health risks are highlighted. However, lack of advanced analytical facilities in most African countries and other developing regions will continue to constrain OC research for now and in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willis Gwenzi
- Biosystems and Environmental Engineering Research Group, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe.
| | - Nhamo Chaukura
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, University of South Africa, PO Box 392, Johannesburg, South Africa
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48
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Rodríguez-Gil JL, Cáceres N, Dafouz R, Valcárcel Y. Caffeine and paraxanthine in aquatic systems: Global exposure distributions and probabilistic risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 612:1058-1071. [PMID: 28892846 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study presents one of the most complete applications of probabilistic methodologies to the risk assessment of emerging contaminants. Perhaps the most data-rich of these compounds, caffeine, as well as its main metabolite (paraxanthine), were selected for this study. Information for a total of 29,132 individual caffeine and 7442 paraxanthine samples was compiled, including samples where the compounds were not detected. The inclusion of non-detect samples (as censored data) in the estimation of environmental exposure distributions (EEDs) allowed for a realistic characterization of the global presence of these compounds in aquatic systems. EEDs were compared to species sensitivity distributions (SSDs), when possible, in order to calculate joint probability curves (JPCs) to describe the risk to aquatic organisms. This way, it was determined that unacceptable environmental risk (defined as 5% of the species being potentially exposed to concentrations able to cause effects in>5% of the cases) could be expected from chronic exposure to caffeine from effluent (28.4% of the cases), surface water (6.7% of the cases) and estuary water (5.4% of the cases). Probability of exceedance of acute predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) for paraxanthine were higher than 5% for all assessed matrices except for drinking water and ground water, however no experimental effects data was available for paraxanthine, resulting in a precautionary deterministic hazard assessment for this compound. Given the chemical similarities between both compounds, real effect thresholds, and thus risk, for paraxanthine, would be expected to be close to those observed for caffeine. Negligible Human health risk from exposure to caffeine via drinking or groundwater is expected from the compiled data.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Rodríguez-Gil
- Research and Teaching Group in Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment (TAyER), Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - N Cáceres
- Research and Teaching Group in Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment (TAyER), Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Seguridad y Bienestar Animal, S.L., Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Dafouz
- Research and Teaching Group in Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment (TAyER), Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Y Valcárcel
- Research and Teaching Group in Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment (TAyER), Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Immunology and Medical Microbiology, Nursery and Stomatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
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49
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Kelly KR, Brooks BW. Global Aquatic Hazard Assessment of Ciprofloxacin: Exceedances of Antibiotic Resistance Development and Ecotoxicological Thresholds. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 159:59-77. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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50
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Saari GN, Scott WC, Brooks BW. Global scanning assessment of calcium channel blockers in the environment: Review and analysis of occurrence, ecotoxicology and hazards in aquatic systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 189:466-478. [PMID: 28957764 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As an urban water cycle is increasingly realized, aquatic systems are influenced by sewage and wastewater effluent discharges of variable quality. Such urbanization results in exposures of non-target aquatic organisms to medicines and other contaminants. In the present study, we performed a unique global hazard assessment of calcium channel blockers (CCB) in multiple environmental matrices. Effluent and freshwater observations were primarily from North America (62% and 76%, respectively) and Europe (21% and 10%, respectively) with limited-to-no information from rapidly urbanizing regions of developing countries in Asia-Pacific, South America, and Africa. Only 9% and 18% of occurrence data were from influent sewage and marine systems, though developing countries routinely discharge poorly treated wastewater to heavily populated coastal regions. Probabilistic environmental exposure distribution (EED) 5th and 95th percentiles for all CCBs were 1.5 and 309.1 ng/L in influent, 5.0 and 448.7 ng/L for effluent, 1.3 and 202.3 ng/L in freshwater, and 0.17 and 12.9 ng/L in saltwater, respectively. Unfortunately, global hazards and risks of CCBs to non-target organisms remain poorly understood, particularly for sublethal exposures. Thus, therapeutic hazard values (THV) were calculated and employed during probabilistic hazard assessments with EEDs when sufficient data was available. Amlodipine and verapamil in effluents and freshwater systems exceeded THVs 28% of the time, highlighting the need to understand ecological consequences of these CCBs. This global scanning approach demonstrated the utility of global assessments to identify specific CCBs, chemical mixtures with common mechanisms of action, and geographic locations for which environmental assessment efforts appear warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin N Saari
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - W Casan Scott
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
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