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Li Y, Wu M, Yin X, Wang Y, Tan D, Zhang P, Zhou Z, Wang D, Jones KC, Zhang H. Development and validation of an imprinted polymer based DGT for monitoring β-blocker drugs in wastewater surveillance. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 479:135753. [PMID: 39259989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Wastewater surveillance is an effective and objective approach to monitor contaminant releases and drug usage in the catchment, the estimation requires accurate measurement. In this study, a novel diffusive gradients in thin-film (DGT) technique based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for selective measurement of a class of widely prescribed cardiovascular drugs (β-blockers) in wastewater was developed. The synthesized MIPs showed strong affinity and selectivity for the target compounds. The MIP-DGT had large effective capacities, its performance was independent of a wide range of environmental conditions, including pH (4.58 - 8.89), ionic strength (0.01 - 0.5 M) and dissolved organic matter (< 20 mg L-1). Biofouling had little effect on the uptake of target compounds within 7 days. MIP-DGT devices were applied in a Chinese urban WWTP alongside an auto-sampler. Metoprolol concentrations detected were much higher than other β-blockers. Concentrations obtained using MIP-DGT were comparable to the 24 h composite samples using an autosampler. The estimated daily consumption calculated based on the data obtained with MIP-DGT implied that metoprolol and propranolol were the most popular β-blockers in the studied area. Overall, the results in this study demonstrate that the MIP-DGT is a cost-effective, reliable and efficient tool for in situ wastewater monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Mingzhe Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Xinyu Yin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Yansong Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Dongqin Tan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Shanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Zhimin Zhou
- Science and Technology on Underwater Test and Control Laboratory, The 760th Research Institute of China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
| | - Degao Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China.
| | - Kevin C Jones
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
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Moriya M, Noro K, Nagaosa A, Banno A, Ono J, Amagai T, Yabuki Y. Characterization of The Permeation Properties of Membrane Filters and Sorption Properties of Sorbents Used for Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39056746 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) are promising devices for measuring the time-weighted average concentrations of hydrophilic compounds in aquatic environments. However, the mechanisms underlying compound uptake by POCIS remain unclear. We investigated the permeation kinetics of polyethersulfone and polytetrafluoroethylene membrane filters, and the sorption kinetics of Oasis HLB (Waters), Envi-Carb (Supelco), and Oasis WAX (Waters) sorbents. The log octanol-water partition coefficient (KOW) values of the 19 targeted compounds ranged from -0.55 to 6.0. The overall mass-transfer coefficients were negatively correlated with KOW, indicating that interactions between hydrophobic compounds and the membrane inhibit permeation. The sorption rate coefficient showed no correlation with KOW and depended on the type of sorbent used. These results imply that the uptake of highly hydrophilic compounds by POCIS is determined by both the membrane and the sorbent kinetics; however, membrane kinetics dominate the uptake of hydrophobic compounds. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-7. © 2024 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyu Moriya
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazushi Noro
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Aika Nagaosa
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Arisa Banno
- Research, Institute of Environment, Agriculture, and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture, Habikino, Japan
| | - Junko Ono
- Research, Institute of Environment, Agriculture, and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture, Habikino, Japan
| | - Takashi Amagai
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Yabuki
- Research, Institute of Environment, Agriculture, and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture, Habikino, Japan
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Pizzini S, Giubilato E, Morabito E, Barbaro E, Bonetto A, Calgaro L, Feltracco M, Semenzin E, Vecchiato M, Zangrando R, Gambaro A, Marcomini A. Contaminants of emerging concern in water and sediment of the Venice Lagoon, Italy. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 249:118401. [PMID: 38331156 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates for the first time the contamination of water and sediment of the Venice Lagoon by twenty Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs): three hormones, six pharmaceutical compounds (diclofenac and five antibiotics, three of which are macrolides), nine pesticides (methiocarb, oxadiazon, metaflumizone, triallate, and five neonicotinoids), one antioxidant (BHT), and one UV filter (EHMC). Water and sediment samples were collected in seven sites in four seasons, with the aim of investigating the occurrence, distribution, and possible emission sources of the selected CECs in the studied transitional environment. The most frequently detected contaminants in water were neonicotinoid insecticides (with a frequency of quantification of single contaminants ranging from 73% to 92%), and EHMC (detected in the 77% of samples), followed by BHT (42%), diclofenac (39%), and clarithromycin (35%). In sediment the highest quantification frequencies were those of BHT (54%), estrogens (ranging from 35% to 65%), and azithromycin (46%). Although this baseline study does not highlight seasonal or spatial trends, results suggested that two of the major emission sources of CECs in the Venice Lagoon could be tributary rivers from its drainage basin and treated wastewater, due to the limited removal rates of some CECs in WWTPs. These preliminary results call for further investigations to better map priority emission sources and improve the understanding of CECs environmental behavior, with the final aim of drawing up a site-specific Watch List of CECs for the Venice Lagoon and support the design of more comprehensive monitoring plans in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Pizzini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy; Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-IRBIM), Largo Fiera della Pesca, 2, 60125, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Elisa Giubilato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Elisa Morabito
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Alessandro Bonetto
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Loris Calgaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Matteo Feltracco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Elena Semenzin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Marco Vecchiato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Roberta Zangrando
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Antonio Marcomini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
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4
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MacKeown H, Scapuzzi C, Baglietto M, Benedetti B, Di Carro M, Magi E. Wastewater and seawater monitoring in Antarctica: Passive sampling as a powerful strategy to evaluate emerging pollution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 925:171755. [PMID: 38494027 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The Ross Sea, among the least human-impacted marine environments worldwide, recently became the first marine protected area in Antarctica. To assess the impact of the Italian research station Mario Zucchelli (MZS) on the surrounding waters, passive sampling - as well as spot sampling for comparison - took place in the effluent of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and the receiving surface marine waters. Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers (POCIS) were deployed for six consecutive 2-week periods from November to February in a reservoir collecting the wastewater effluent. Passive samplers were also deployed at shallow depth offshore from the wastewater effluent outlet from MZS for two separate 3-week periods (November 2021 and January 2022). Grab water samples were collected alongside each POCIS deployment, for comparison with passive sampling results. POCIS, used for the first time in Antarctica, demonstrated to be advantageous to estimate time-averaged concentrations in waters and the results were comparable to those obtained by repeated spot samplings. Among the 23 studied ECs - including drugs, UV-filters, perfluorinated substances, caffeine - 15 were detected in both grab and passive sampling in the WWTP effluent and followed similar concentration profiles in both types of sampling. High concentrations of caffeine, naproxen and ketoprofen in the dozens of μg L-1 were detected. Other compounds, including drugs and several UV filters, were detected down to sub- μg L-1 concentrations. In marine waters close to the effluent output, only traces of a drug (4.8 ng L-1) and two UV filters (up to 0.04 μg L-1) were quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry MacKeown
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Scapuzzi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Baglietto
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Barbara Benedetti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marina Di Carro
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Emanuele Magi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy.
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5
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Martínez-Megías C, Arenas-Sánchez A, Manjarrés-López D, Pérez S, Soriano Y, Picó Y, Rico A. Pharmaceutical and pesticide mixtures in a Mediterranean coastal wetland: comparison of sampling methods, ecological risks, and removal by a constructed wetland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:14593-14609. [PMID: 38277107 PMCID: PMC10884053 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31968-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and pesticides can be considered hazardous compounds for Mediterranean coastal wetland ecosystems. Although many of these compounds co-occur in environmental samples, only a few studies have been dedicated to assessing the ecotoxicological risks of complex contaminant mixtures. We evaluated the occurrence of 133 pharmaceuticals and pesticides in 12 sites in a protected Mediterranean wetland, the Albufera Natural Park (ANP), based on conventional grab sampling and polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS). We assessed acute and chronic ecological risks posed by these contaminant mixtures using the multi-substance Potentially Affected Fraction (msPAF) approach and investigated the capacity of a constructed wetland to reduce chemical exposure and risks. This study shows that pharmaceuticals and pesticides are widespread contaminants in the ANP, with samples containing up to 75 different compounds. POCIS samplers were found to be useful for the determination of less predictable exposure profiles of pesticides occurring at the end of the rice cultivation cycle, while POCIS and grab samples provide an accurate method to determine (semi-)continuous pharmaceutical exposure. Acute risks were identified in one sample, while chronic risks were determined in most of the collected samples, with 5-25% of aquatic species being potentially affected. The compounds that contributed to the chronic risks were azoxystrobin, ibuprofen, furosemide, caffeine, and some insecticides (diazinon, imidacloprid, and acetamiprid). The evaluated constructed wetland reduced contaminant loads by 45-73% and reduced the faction of species affected from 25 to 6%. Our study highlights the need of addressing contaminant mixture effects in Mediterranean wetlands and supports the use of constructed wetlands to reduce contaminant loads and risks in areas with high anthropogenic pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Martínez-Megías
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km 33.600, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Water Institute, Parque Científico Tecnológico de La Universidad de Alcalá, Punto Com, 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Arenas-Sánchez
- IMDEA Water Institute, Parque Científico Tecnológico de La Universidad de Alcalá, Punto Com, 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Manjarrés-López
- ONHEALTH, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Pérez
- ONHEALTH, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yolanda Soriano
- Food and Environmental Research Group of the University of Valencia (SAMA-UV), Research Desertification Centre (CIDE) (CSIC-UV-GV), CV-315 Road, Km 10.7, 46113, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Picó
- Food and Environmental Research Group of the University of Valencia (SAMA-UV), Research Desertification Centre (CIDE) (CSIC-UV-GV), CV-315 Road, Km 10.7, 46113, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andreu Rico
- IMDEA Water Institute, Parque Científico Tecnológico de La Universidad de Alcalá, Punto Com, 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, c/ Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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6
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Valenzuela EF, Minho LAC, Menezes HC, Cardeal ZL. Determination of pesticide residue in marginal lagoons of natural parks in Brazil using an improved calibrate passive sampler. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168003. [PMID: 37914113 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Passive sampling is a sensitive and efficient method for analyzing pesticides in water. This article describes a hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) device that was improved using polypropylene membranes grafted with nanocellulose for the passive sampling of pesticides in water. A comprehensive gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC/Q-TOFMS) system was used to separate, identify, and quantify pesticides. The sampling rates of 38 moderately hydrophobic to hydrophobic agricultural pesticides (2.18 < log Kow < 6.89) from different chemical classes, including the main triazine, organochlorine and organophosphate compounds, were calculated. A calibration process was applied to evaluate the role of flow velocity and select potential candidates for a possible performance reference compound (PRC). Sampling rates varied between 0.17 mL d-1 and 23.15 mL d-1. The accumulation curves identified linear periods ranging from 3 to 18 days. The new passive sampler device was applied for 8 days in rivers and marginal lagoons of natural parks of the São Francisco basin in Minas Gerais, Brazil and identified 10 target pesticides. Furthermore, 10 non-targeted pesticides were detected by the GCxGC/Q-TOFMS method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard F Valenzuela
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas A C Minho
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Helvécio C Menezes
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Zenilda L Cardeal
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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7
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Mamy L, Pesce S, Sanchez W, Aviron S, Bedos C, Berny P, Bertrand C, Betoulle S, Charles S, Chaumot A, Coeurdassier M, Coutellec MA, Crouzet O, Faburé J, Fritsch C, Gonzalez P, Hedde M, Leboulanger C, Margoum C, Mougin C, Munaron D, Nélieu S, Pelosi C, Rault M, Sucré E, Thomas M, Tournebize J, Leenhardt S. Impacts of neonicotinoids on biodiversity: a critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-31032-3. [PMID: 38036909 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are the most widely used class of insecticides in the world, but they have raised numerous concerns regarding their effects on biodiversity. Thus, the objective of this work was to do a critical review of the contamination of the environment (soil, water, air, biota) by neonicotinoids (acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam) and of their impacts on terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity. Neonicotinoids are very frequently detected in soils and in freshwater, and they are also found in the air. They have only been recently monitored in coastal and marine environments, but some studies already reported the presence of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in transitional or semi-enclosed ecosystems (lagoons, bays, and estuaries). The contamination of the environment leads to the exposure and to the contamination of non-target organisms and to negative effects on biodiversity. Direct impacts of neonicotinoids are mainly reported on terrestrial invertebrates (e.g., pollinators, natural enemies, earthworms) and vertebrates (e.g., birds) and on aquatic invertebrates (e.g., arthropods). Impacts on aquatic vertebrate populations and communities, as well as on microorganisms, are less documented. In addition to their toxicity to directly exposed organisms, neonicotinoid induce indirect effects via trophic cascades as demonstrated in several species (terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates). However, more data are needed to reach firmer conclusions and to get a clearer picture of such indirect effects. Finally, we identified specific knowledge gaps that need to be filled to better understand the effects of neonicotinoids on terrestrial, freshwater, and marine organisms, as well as on ecosystem services associated with these biotas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Mamy
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
| | | | | | | | - Carole Bedos
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Philippe Berny
- UR ICE Vetagro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire, 69280, Marcy‑L'Etoile, France
| | - Colette Bertrand
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Stéphane Betoulle
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Normandie Université, ULH, INERIS, SEBIO, 51100, Reims, France
| | | | | | - Michael Coeurdassier
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS-Université de Franche-Comté, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Coutellec
- DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), INRAE, L'Institut Agro, Ifremer, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Crouzet
- OFB, Direction de la Recherche et Appui Scientifique (DRAS), 78610, Auffargis, France
| | - Juliette Faburé
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Clémentine Fritsch
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS-Université de Franche-Comté, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Patrice Gonzalez
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, Univ. Bordeaux, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Mickael Hedde
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, INRAE, IRD, CIRAD, Institut Agro Montpellier, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Christian Mougin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | | | - Sylvie Nélieu
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Céline Pelosi
- INRAE, Avignon Université, UMR EMMAH, 84000, Avignon, France
| | - Magali Rault
- Université d'Avignon, Université Aix-Marseille, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Pôle Agrosciences, 84916, Avignon, France
| | - Elliott Sucré
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 34200, Sète, France
- Centre Universitaire de Formation Et de Recherche de Mayotte (CUFR), 97660, Dembeni, Mayotte, France
| | - Marielle Thomas
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UR AFPA, 54000, Nancy, France
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8
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Bernard M, Boutry S, Guibal R, Morin S, Lissalde S, Guibaud G, Saüt M, Rebillard JP, Mazzella N. Multivariate Tiered Approach To Highlight the Link between Large-Scale Integrated Pesticide Concentrations from Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers and Watershed Land Uses. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3152-3163. [PMID: 36749916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a multi-step methodology to identify relationships between integrative pesticide quantifications and land uses on a given watershed of the Adour-Garonne Basin (Southwestern France). In fact, a large amount of pesticide concentration data was collected from 51 sites located in the Adour-Garonne Basin for a 1 year monitoring period in 2016. The sampling devices used here were polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS), which provided time-weighted average concentration estimates. For each study site, its associated watershed and land cover distribution were determined using Corine Land Cover 2012 (CLC 2012) and Geographic Information System (GIS). The large-scale data were analyzed using multivariate statistical analyses, such as hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA). HCA grouped the 51 sites into five clusters with similar primary land uses. Next, the integrated pesticide concentration and land use distribution data sets were analyzed in a PCA. The key variables responsible for discriminating the sample sites showed distribution patterns consistent with specific land uses. To confirm these observations, pesticide fingerprints from sites with contrasting land uses were compared using a waffle method. The overall multivariate approach allowed for the identification of contamination sources related to their likely initial use, at the watershed level, that could be useful for preventing or containing pesticide pollution beyond simply acting on areas at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Bernard
- Inrae, UR EABX, 50 Avenue de Verdun, 33612 Cestas, France
| | | | - Robin Guibal
- Université de Limoges, E2Lim, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - Soizic Morin
- Inrae, UR EABX, 50 Avenue de Verdun, 33612 Cestas, France
| | - Sophie Lissalde
- Université de Limoges, E2Lim, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - Gilles Guibaud
- Université de Limoges, E2Lim, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - Margaux Saüt
- DREAL Occitanie, 1 Rue de la Cité Administrative, 31000 Toulouse, France
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9
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Allinson M, Cassidy M, Kadokami K, Besley CH. In situ calibration of passive sampling methods for urban micropollutants using targeted multiresidue GC and LC screening systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:136997. [PMID: 36309053 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, ChemcatcherTM (CC) and Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers (POCIS) passive samplers were chosen to investigate trace organic chemical residues in urban streams of the megacity of Sydney, Australia. In situ calibration with these passive samplers investigated 1392 organic chemicals. Six sets of CC passive samplers fitted with SDB-XC or SDB-RPS disks and six POCIS containing Oasis HLB sorbent were deployed at three sites. Every week for six weeks across three deployments, composite water samples were retrieved from autosamplers, along with one set of CC/POCIS passive samplers. Samples were analysed by Automated Identification and Quantification System (AIQS) GC/MS or LC/QTOF-MS database methods with 254 chemicals detected. The most frequently detected compounds under GC/MS analysis were aliphatic, pesticides, phenols, PAHs, sterols and fatty acid methyl esters while from LC/QTOF-MS analysis these were pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products. Sampling rates (Rs) ranged between <0.001 - 0.132 L day-1 (CC SDB-XC, 18 chemicals), <0.001 - 0.291 L day-1 (CC SDB-RPS, 28 chemicals), and <0.001 - 0.576 L day-1 (POCIS Oasis HLB, 30 chemicals). Assessment of deployment duration indicated that about half of the chemicals that were continuously detected across all deployment weeks had maximal simple linear regression R2 values at four weeks for CC SDB-RPS (seven of 13 chemicals) and at three weeks for POCIS Oasis HLB (seven of 14 chemicals). Where ranges of Rs recorded from the estuarine site were able to be compared to ranges of Rs from one or both freshwater sites, only tributyl phosphate had a higher range of Rs out of 21 possible chemical comparisons, and suggested salinity was an unlikely influence on Rs. Whereas relatively higher rainfall of the third round of deployment aligned with higher Rs across the estuarine and freshwater sites for CC SDB-RPS and POCIS for nearly all possible comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Allinson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Cassidy
- Wastewater Product, Sydney Water, 1 Smith Street, Parramatta, NSW, 2150, Australia
| | - K Kadokami
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, The University of Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - C H Besley
- Monitoring, Design and Reporting, Sydney Water, 1 Smith Street, Parramatta, NSW, 2150, Australia.
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10
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Kamali N, Abbas F, Lehane M, Griew M, Furey A. A Review of In Situ Methods-Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) and Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS) for the Collection and Concentration of Marine Biotoxins and Pharmaceuticals in Environmental Waters. Molecules 2022; 27:7898. [PMID: 36431996 PMCID: PMC9698218 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) and Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS) are in situ methods that have been applied to pre-concentrate a range of marine toxins, pesticides and pharmaceutical compounds that occur at low levels in marine and environmental waters. Recent research has identified the widespread distribution of biotoxins and pharmaceuticals in environmental waters (marine, brackish and freshwater) highlighting the need for the development of effective techniques to generate accurate quantitative water system profiles. In this manuscript, we reviewed in situ methods known as Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) and Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS) for the collection and concentration of marine biotoxins, freshwater cyanotoxins and pharmaceuticals in environmental waters since the 1980s to present. Twelve different adsorption substrates in SPATT and 18 different sorbents in POCIS were reviewed for their ability to absorb a range of lipophilic and hydrophilic marine biotoxins, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, antibiotics and microcystins in marine water, freshwater and wastewater. This review suggests the gaps in reported studies, outlines future research possibilities and guides researchers who wish to work on water contaminates using Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) and Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS) technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh Kamali
- Mass Spectrometry Group, Department Physical Sciences, Munster Technological University (MTU), Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
- HALPIN Centre for Research & Innovation, National Maritime College of Ireland (NMCI), Munster Technological University (MTU), P43 XV65 Ringaskiddy, Ireland
| | - Feras Abbas
- Mass Spectrometry Group, Department Physical Sciences, Munster Technological University (MTU), Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
- CREATE (Centre for Research in Advanced Therapeutic Engineering) and BioExplore, Munster Technological University (MTU), Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
| | - Mary Lehane
- Mass Spectrometry Group, Department Physical Sciences, Munster Technological University (MTU), Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
- CREATE (Centre for Research in Advanced Therapeutic Engineering) and BioExplore, Munster Technological University (MTU), Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael Griew
- HALPIN Centre for Research & Innovation, National Maritime College of Ireland (NMCI), Munster Technological University (MTU), P43 XV65 Ringaskiddy, Ireland
| | - Ambrose Furey
- Mass Spectrometry Group, Department Physical Sciences, Munster Technological University (MTU), Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
- CREATE (Centre for Research in Advanced Therapeutic Engineering) and BioExplore, Munster Technological University (MTU), Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
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11
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Hahn RZ, Bastiani MF, Lizot LDLF, Schneider A, da Silva Moreira IC, Meireles YF, Viana MF, do Nascimento CA, Linden R. Long-term monitoring of drug consumption patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic in a small-sized community in Brazil through wastewater-based epidemiology. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134907. [PMID: 35561781 PMCID: PMC9090174 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The abuse of legal and illegal drugs is a global public health problem, also affecting the social and economic well-being of the population. Thus, there is a significant interest in monitoring drug consumption. Relevant epidemiological information on lifestyle habits can be obtained from the chemical analysis of urban wastewater. In this work, passive sampling using polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) was used to quantify licit and illicit drugs biomarkers in wastewater for the application of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE). In this WBE study, a small urban community of approximately 1179 inhabitants was monitored from 18 March 2020 to 3 March 2021, covering the mobility restriction and flexibilization periods of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Consumption was estimated for amphetamine, caffeine, cocaine, MDMA, methamphetamine, nicotine, and THC. The highest estimated consumption among illicit drugs was for THC (2369 ± 1037 mg day-1 1000 inh-1) followed by cocaine (353 ± 192 mg day-1 1000 inh-1). There was a negative correlation between consumption of caffeine, cocaine, MDMA, nicotine, and THC with human mobility, expressed by cellular phone mobility reports (P-value = 0.0094, 0.0019, 0.0080, 0.0009, and 0.0133, respectively). Our study is the first long-term drug consumption evaluation during the COVID-19 pandemic, with continuous sampling for almost a whole year. The observed reduction in consumption of both licit and illicit drugs is probably associated with stay-at-home orders and reduced access, which can be due to the closure of commercial facilities during some time of the evaluated period, smaller drug supply, and reduced income of the population due to the shutdown of companies and unemployment. The assay described in this study can be used as a complementary and cost-effective tool to the long-term monitoring of drug use biomarkers in wastewater, a relevant epidemiological strategy currently limited to short collection times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Zilles Hahn
- Laboratory of Analytical Toxicology, Universidade Feevale, Rua Rubem Berta, nº 200, CEP 93525-080, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil.
| | - Marcos Frank Bastiani
- Laboratory of Analytical Toxicology, Universidade Feevale, Rua Rubem Berta, nº 200, CEP 93525-080, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Lilian de Lima Feltraco Lizot
- Laboratory of Analytical Toxicology, Universidade Feevale, Rua Rubem Berta, nº 200, CEP 93525-080, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Anelise Schneider
- Laboratory of Analytical Toxicology, Universidade Feevale, Rua Rubem Berta, nº 200, CEP 93525-080, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | | | - Yasmin Fazenda Meireles
- Laboratory of Analytical Toxicology, Universidade Feevale, Rua Rubem Berta, nº 200, CEP 93525-080, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Freitas Viana
- Laboratory of Analytical Toxicology, Universidade Feevale, Rua Rubem Berta, nº 200, CEP 93525-080, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto do Nascimento
- Department of Production Engineering, Faculdades Integradas de Taquara, Av. Oscar Martins Rangel, nº 4500, CEP 95612-150, Taquara, Brazil
| | - Rafael Linden
- Laboratory of Analytical Toxicology, Universidade Feevale, Rua Rubem Berta, nº 200, CEP 93525-080, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil; National Institute of Forensic Science and Technology (INCT Forense), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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12
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Brunelle LD, Huang IJ, Angeles LF, Running LS, Sirotkin HI, McElroy AE, Aga DS. Comprehensive assessment of chemical residues in surface and wastewater using passive sampling, chemical, biological, and fish behavioral assays. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 828:154176. [PMID: 35245556 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Effluents from ten full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) that discharge into the Hudson River, surface waters, and wild-caught fish samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) to examine the influence of wastewater discharge on the concentrations of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and their ecological impacts on fish. Analysis was based on targeted detection of 41 pharmaceuticals, and non-targeted analysis (suspect screening) of CECs. Biological effects of treated WWTP effluents were assessed using a larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) swimming behavior assay. Concentrations of residues in surface waters were determined in grab samples and polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS). In addition, vitellogenin peptides, used as biomarkers of endocrine disruption, were quantified using LC/MS/MS in the wild-caught fish plasma samples. Overall, 94 chemical residues were identified, including 63 pharmaceuticals, 10 industrial chemicals, and 21 pesticides. Eight targeted pharmaceuticals were detected in 100% of effluent samples with median detections of: bupropion (194 ng/L), carbamazepine (91 ng/L), ciprofloxacin (190 ng/L), citalopram (172 ng/L), desvenlafaxine (667 ng/L), iopamidol (3790 ng/L), primidone (86 ng/L), and venlafaxine (231 ng/L). Over 30 chemical residues were detected in wild-caught fish tissues. Notably, zebrafish larvae exposed to chemical extracts of effluents from 9 of 10 WWTPs, in at least one season, were significantly hyperactive. Vitellogenin expression in male or immature fish occurred 2.8 times more frequently in fish collected from the Hudson River as compared to a reference site receiving no direct effluent input. Due to the low concentrations of pharmaceuticals detected in effluents, it is likely that chemicals other than pharmaceuticals measured are responsible for the behavioral changes observed. The combined use of POCIS and non-target analysis demonstrated significant increase in the chemical coverage for CEC detection, providing a better insight on the impacts of WWTP effluents and agricultural practices on surface water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Brunelle
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Irvin J Huang
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Luisa F Angeles
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Logan S Running
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Howard I Sirotkin
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Anne E McElroy
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Diana S Aga
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
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13
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Mathon B, Ferreol M, Togola A, Lardy-Fontan S, Dabrin A, Allan IJ, Staub PF, Mazzella N, Miège C. Polar organic chemical integrative samplers as an effective tool for chemical monitoring of surface waters - Results from one-year monitoring in France. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 824:153549. [PMID: 35114228 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to support European Union Water Framework Directive goals, we have set up a national demonstrator project to identify the advantages and limitations of passive samplers for regulatory monitoring of polar contaminants in surface waters. Here we carried out successive 14 day-deployments of polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) for one year at three sites. In parallel, we used the passive sampler deployment/retrieval operations to collect spot water samples for comparative analysis. We observed that frequency of quantification was significantly higher in POCIS than spot samples for 29 contaminants, similar for 15, and lower for one, because POCIS lowered the limits of quantification for most contaminants (median value factor of 11). We built a database of sampling rates (Rs) according to quality indices to convert concentrations in POCIS to concentrations in water (23 contaminants with a high-quality median Rs value, 20 with an approximate Rs and two with no usable Rs). Several phenomena were observed over one-year monitoring period. For example, after a flood episode, dilution phenomenon in rivers is correctly observed by using POCIS sampling whereas significant concentration increased due to soil leaching is observed with both passive and spot sampling. Cases of episodic contamination that were missed by spot sampling were observed with POCIS as it was able to capture contamination of short duration but sufficient intensity. Contamination by pharmaceuticals was found to come from wastewater treatment plant discharges and showed relatively little variation over the course of the year in both POCIS and spot samples. POCIS enables more reliable annual monitoring of pesticide and pharmaceutical contamination than spot sampling. Furthermore, POCIS also improves the environmental quality standards based assessment of chemical status and on annual average concentrations compared to spot sampling. This study demonstrates the value and practicability of POCIS-based chemical monitoring for use in regulatory control networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mathon
- INRAE, 5 rue de la Doua, 69616 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - M Ferreol
- INRAE, 5 rue de la Doua, 69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A Togola
- BRGM, 3 avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060 Orléans, France
| | | | - A Dabrin
- INRAE, 5 rue de la Doua, 69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - I J Allan
- Ifremer, rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, 44980 Nantes, France; Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - P-F Staub
- OFB, 5 allée Félix Nadar, 94300 Vincennes, France
| | - N Mazzella
- INRAE, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612 Cestas, France
| | - C Miège
- INRAE, 5 rue de la Doua, 69616 Villeurbanne, France
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14
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Renaud JB, Sabourin L, Hoogstra S, Helm P, Lapen DR, Sumarah MW. Monitoring of Environmental Contaminants in Mixed-Use Watersheds Combining Targeted and Nontargeted Analysis with Passive Sampling. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:1131-1143. [PMID: 34407230 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the environmental fate, transport, and occurrence of pesticides and pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments is of utmost concern to regulators. Traditionally, monitoring of environmental contaminants in surface water has consisted of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analyses for a set of targeted compounds in discrete samples. These targeted approaches are limited by the fact that they only provide information on compounds within a target list present at the time and location of sampling. To address these limitations, there has been considerable interest in suspect screening and nontargeted analysis (NTA), which allow for the detection of all ionizable compounds in the sample with the added benefit of data archiving for retrospective mining. Even though NTA can detect a large number of contaminants, discrete samples only provide a snapshot perspective of the chemical disposition of an aquatic environment at the time of sampling, potentially missing episodic events. We evaluated two types of passive chemical samplers for nontargeted analysis in mixed-use watersheds. Nontargeted data were processed using MS-DIAL to screen against our in-house library and public databases of more than 1300 compounds. The data showed that polar organic chemicals integrative samplers (POCIS) were able to capture the largest number of analytes with better reproducibility than organic compound-diffusive gradients in thin film (o-DGT), resulting from the greater amount of binding sorbent. We also showed that NTA combined with passive sampling gives a more representative picture of the contaminants present at a given site and enhances the ability to identify the nature of point and nonpoint pollution sources and ecotoxicological impacts. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1131-1143. © 2021 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry © 2021 SETAC. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin B Renaud
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lyne Sabourin
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shawn Hoogstra
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Helm
- Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David R Lapen
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark W Sumarah
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Hachad M, Lanoue M, Vo Duy S, Villlemur R, Sauvé S, Prévost M, Dorner S. Locating illicit discharges in storm sewers in urban areas using multi-parameter source tracking: Field validation of a toolbox composite index to prioritize high risk areas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 811:152060. [PMID: 34861306 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In urban areas served by separate sewerage systems, illicit connections to the storm drain system from residences or commercial establishments are frequent whether these misconnections were made accidentally or deliberately. As a result, untreated and contaminated wastewater enters into storm sewers leading to pollution of receiving waters and non-compliance with water quality standards. Typical procedures for detecting illicit connections to the storm sewer system are time consuming and expensive, especially in a highly urbanised area. In this study, we investigated the use of human wastewater micropollutants WWMPs (caffeine, theophylline, and carbamazepine) and advanced DNA molecular markers (human specific Bacteroides HF183 and mitochondrial DNA) as anthropogenic tracers in order to assist identifying potential cross connections. Water samples from storm outfalls and storm sewer pipes in three urban subcatchments were collected in dry weather from 2013 to 2018. All samples contained various concentrations of these markers especially HF183, caffeine and theophylline, suggesting that the storm pipe system studied is widely contaminated by sanitary sewers. None of the traditional indicators or markers tested is sufficient alone to determine the origin of fecal pollution. In a highly urbanised area, the combination of at least three specific human markers was needed in order to locate the residential section with likely misconnections. The human specific Bacteroides HF183, and theophylline appeared to be the most effective markers (along with E. coli) of crossconnections, whereas carbamazepine can provide an indication of contamination through sanitary sewer exfiltration. A composite sewer cross-connection index was developed, and eight misconnected houses were identified and corrected. The index approach enables the reduction of false positives that could lead to expensive interventions to identify cross-connected households. The results show the multiparameter source tracking toolbox as an effective method to identify sewer cross connections for sustainable storm water management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounia Hachad
- Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering Department, Polytechnique de Montréal, CP 6079, succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada.
| | - Martine Lanoue
- City of Laval, soutien technique eau et salubrité, service de l'environnement et de l'écocitoyenneté, 480, Boulevard Armand-Frappier, Laval, QC H7V 3Z4, Canada
| | - Sung Vo Duy
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, succ, Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Richard Villlemur
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Sébastien Sauvé
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, succ, Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Michèle Prévost
- Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering Department, Polytechnique de Montréal, CP 6079, succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada; NSERC Industrial Chair on Drinking Water, Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering Department, Polytechnique de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah Dorner
- Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering Department, Polytechnique de Montréal, CP 6079, succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada; Canada Research Chair in Microbial Contaminant Dynamics in Source Waters, Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering Department, Polytechnique de Montréal, QC, Canada
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16
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Passive Sampling with Active Carbon Fibres in the Determination of Organic Pollutants in Groundwater. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14040585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Legislation addressing the quality of groundwater and increasing concerns over public health calls for the development of analytical methods that can produce accurate and precise results at the ppt level. Passive sampling has been recognised as a helpful tool in identifying various organic pollutants in groundwater, even when their presence had not yet been identified through conventional groundwater quality monitoring. The article presents an analytical method involving a simple and cost-effective passive sampling device using Zorflex® activated carbon fibres (ACFs) for the qualitative monitoring of a broad range of organic pollutants in water in a single run. The applicability of the method developed was tested in three hydrogeological studies. In the first case, we present a non-targeted qualitative screening and a list of 892 different contaminants detected in the groundwater in Slovenia. In the second case, we discuss the presence and origin of organic compounds in the groundwater from a pilot area of the urban aquifer, Ljubljansko polje. The third case presents a comparison of results between passive and grab sampling. Passive sampling with ACFs confirmed the presence of a pollutant, even when it had not been previously detected through a quantitative method.
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17
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Noro K, Vermeirssen ELM, Banno A, Ono J, Yabuki Y. Comparative Evaluation of the Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler in Two Types of Validation Systems Simulating Peak Concentration Events. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:3010-3018. [PMID: 34506633 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) devices have been suggested for measuring time-weighted averages (TWAs) of contaminant concentrations resulting from chemical leak accidents in aquatic environments. However, the response of the POCIS device in the emergency condition in natural water remains unclear. The response of the POCIS device to contaminant fluctuation was investigated using a chamber test with tap water and a channel test with natural water. The fluctuation in the chamber and the channel simulated the condition of river water under a chemical leak scenario (maximum concentration: 1-10 μg L-1 , half-life: 1 day). The target chemicals were neonicotinoid pesticides (dinotefuran, clothianidin, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and thiacloprid) and bisphenol A. The ratio of the POCIS measured value to the TWA values of grab samplings (POCIS/TWA) for the channel test (temperature: 15 °C, flow velocity: 15 cm s-1 ) ranged from 61% (clothianidin) to 133% (thiacloprid). The results indicated that the POCIS device could be effectively used as a monitoring device in an aquatic environment under the chemical leak scenario over a time period of more than14 days. In addition, the POCIS/TWA ratios obtained from the chamber test and the channel test were in the range of 50-150%. Thus, the chamber test could be used to evaluate the POCIS device at a low cost. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:3010-3018. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Noro
- Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture, Habikino, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Arisa Banno
- Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture, Habikino, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junko Ono
- Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture, Habikino, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Yabuki
- Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture, Habikino, Osaka, Japan
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18
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De María M, Silva-Sanchez C, Kroll KJ, Walsh MT, Nouri MZ, Hunter ME, Ross M, Clauss TM, Denslow ND. Chronic exposure to glyphosate in Florida manatee. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 152:106493. [PMID: 33740675 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Florida manatees depend on freshwater environments as a source of drinking water and as warm-water refuges. These freshwater environments are in direct contact with human activities where glyphosate-based herbicides are being used. Glyphosate is the most used herbicide worldwide and it is intensively used in Florida as a sugarcane ripener and to control invasive aquatic plants. The objective of the present study was to determine the concentration of glyphosate and its breakdown product, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), in Florida manatee plasma and assess their exposure to manatees seeking a warm-water refuge in Crystal River (west central Florida), and in South Florida. We analyzed glyphosate's and AMPA's concentrations in Florida manatee plasma (n = 105) collected during 2009-2019 using HPLC-MS/MS. We sampled eight Florida water bodies between 2019 and 2020, three times a year: before, during and after the sugarcane harvest using grab samples and molecular imprinted passive Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers (MIP-POCIS). Glyphosate was present in 55.8% of the sampled Florida manatees' plasma. The concentration of glyphosate has significantly increased in Florida manatee samples from 2009 until 2019. Glyphosate and AMPA were ubiquitous in water bodies. The concentration of glyphosate and AMPA was higher in South Florida than in Crystal River, particularly before and during the sugarcane harvest when Florida manatees depend on warm water refuges. Based on our results, Florida manatees were chronically exposed to glyphosate and AMPA, during and beyond the glyphosate applications to sugarcane, possibly associated with multiple uses of glyphosate-based herbicides for other crops or to control aquatic weeds. This chronic exposure in Florida water bodies may have consequences for Florida manatees' immune and renal systems which may further be compounded by other environmental exposures such as red tide or cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite De María
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Aquatic Animal Health Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100136, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Cecilia Silva-Sanchez
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Kevin J Kroll
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Michael T Walsh
- Aquatic Animal Health Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100136, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Mohammad-Zaman Nouri
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Margaret E Hunter
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Gainesville, FL 32653, United States.
| | - Monica Ross
- Clearwater Marine Aquarium, 249 Windward Passage, Clearwater, FL 33767, USA.
| | - Tonya M Clauss
- Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, Georgia, 225 Baker Street Northwest, Atlanta, GA 30313, USA.
| | - Nancy D Denslow
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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19
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Hahn RZ, Augusto do Nascimento C, Linden R. Evaluation of Illicit Drug Consumption by Wastewater Analysis Using Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler as a Monitoring Tool. Front Chem 2021; 9:596875. [PMID: 33859973 PMCID: PMC8042236 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.596875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Illicit drug abuse is a worldwide social and health problem, and monitoring illicit drug use is of paramount importance in the context of public policies. It is already known that relevant epidemiologic information can be obtained from the analysis of urban residual waters. This approach, named wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE), is based on the measurement of specific markers, resulting from human biotransformation of the target drugs, as indicators of the consumption of the compounds by the population served by the wastewater treatment installation under investigation. Drug consumption estimation based on WBE requires sewage sampling strategies that express the concentrations along the whole time period of time. To this end, the most common approach is the use of automatic composite samplers. However, this active sampling procedure is costly, especially for long-term studies and in limited-resources settings. An alternative, cost-effective, sampling strategy is the use of passive samplers, like the polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS). POCIS sampling has already been applied to the estimation of exposure to pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and some drugs of abuse, and some studies evaluated the comparative performances of POCIS and automatic composite samplers. In this context, this manuscript aims to review the most important biomarkers of drugs of abuse consumption in wastewater, the fundamentals of POCIS sampling in WBE, the previous application of POCIS for WBE of drugs of abuse, and to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of POCIS sampling, in comparison with other strategies used in WBE. POCIS sampling is an effective strategy to obtain a representative overview of biomarker concentrations in sewage over time, with a small number of analyzed samples, increased detection limits, with lower costs than active sampling. Just a few studies applied POCIS sampling for WBE of drugs of abuse, but the available data support the use of POCIS as a valuable tool for the long-term monitoring of the consumption of certain drugs within a defined population, particularly in limited-resources settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Zilles Hahn
- Laboratory of Analytical Toxicology, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Linden
- Laboratory of Analytical Toxicology, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil.,National Institute of Forensic Science and Technology (INCT Forense), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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20
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Valenzuela EF, de Paula FF, Teixeira APC, Menezes HC, Cardeal ZL. Assessment of pesticides in water using time-weighted average calibration of passive sampling device manufactured with carbon nanomaterial coating on stainless steel wire. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:3315-3327. [PMID: 33733701 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03270-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The continued contamination of water sources by pesticides is a problem that involves the life of aquatic organisms and human health, especially in countries whose economy is based on agriculture. The need to know the quality of drinking water under these circumstances is a priority for the public health of any community. Passive sampling methods allow the determination of long-term environmental pollutants through a single sample collection, reducing time and cost of analyses. One advantage of passive sampling is that it is possible to calculate a time-weighted average (TWA) concentration value or an equilibrium concentration value, depending on the type of device used and the exposure time. Passive sampling techniques using carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) have a high potential for pesticide sampling in aquatic systems. A device for passive sampling manufactured with CNMs in a microextraction system and recyclable materials was calibrated in laboratory exposure conditions over 15 days. The calibration results showed linear accumulation periods between 5 and 10 days. Sampling rates were between 0.014 and 0.146 mL day-1. The sampler was field-tested in the San Francisco river basin in the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil for 7 days. This research allowed for the detection and calculation of TWA concentrations for organochlorine pesticides such as α-HCH, 4,4-DDE, and 4,4-DD in water sources. The manufactured device demonstrated greater sensitivity than the grab sampling processes for the detection of pesticides. The performed passive sampling system using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) technique allowed for the collection, detection, identification, and quantification of 26 pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard F Valenzuela
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270901, Brazil
| | - Fabiano F de Paula
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270901, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula C Teixeira
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270901, Brazil
| | - Helvécio C Menezes
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270901, Brazil
| | - Zenilda L Cardeal
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270901, Brazil.
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21
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Caban M, Lis H, Stepnowski P. Limitations of Integrative Passive Samplers as a Tool for the Quantification of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment - A Critical Review with the Latest Innovations. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1386-1407. [PMID: 33673780 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1881755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This review starts with a presentation of the theory of kinetic uptake by passive sampling (PS), which is traditionally used to distinguish between integrative and equilibrium samplers. Demonstrated limitations of this model for the passive sampling of pharmaceuticals from water were presented. Most notably, the contribution of the protective membrane in the resistance to mass transfer of lipophilic analytes and the well documented effect of external parameters on sampling rates contributed to the greatest uncertainty in PS application. The diffusion gradient in thin layer (DGT) technique seems to reduce the effect of external parameters (e.g., flow rate) to some degree. The laboratory-determined integrative uptake periods over defined sampler deployments was compared, and the discrepancy found suggests that the most popular Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS) could in some cases utilized as an equilibrium sampler. This assertion is supported by own calculations for three pharmaceuticals with extremely different lipophilic characters. Finally, the reasons performance reference compounds (PRCs) are not recommended for the reduction in uncertainty of the TWAC found by adsorptive samplers were presented. It was concluded that techniques of passive sampling of pharmaceuticals need a new uptake model to fit the current situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Caban
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Hanna Lis
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
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22
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Vrana B, Urík J, Fedorova G, Švecová H, Grabicová K, Golovko O, Randák T, Grabic R. In situ calibration of polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) for monitoring of pharmaceuticals in surface waters. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:116121. [PMID: 33272798 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
POCIS is the most widely applied passive sampler of polar organic substances, because it was one of the first commercially available samplers for that purpose on the market, but also for its applicability for a wide range of substances and conditions. Its main weakness is the variability of sampling performance with exposure conditions. In our study we took a pragmatic approach and performed in situ calibration for a set of 76 pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in five sampling campaigns in surface water, covering various temperature and flow conditions. In individual campaigns, RS were calculated for up to 47 compounds ranging from 0.01 to 0.63 L d-1, with the overall median value of 0.10 L d-1. No clear changes of RS with water temperature or discharge could be found for any of the investigated substances. The absence of correlation of experimental RS with physical-chemical properties in combination with the lack of mechanistic understanding of compound uptake to POCIS implies that practical estimation of aqueous concentrations from uptake in POCIS depends on compound-specific experimental calibration data. Performance of POCIS was compared with grab sampling of water in seven field campaigns comprising multiple sampling sites, where sampling by both methods was done in parallel. The comparison showed that for 25 of 36 tested compounds more than 50% of POCIS-derived aqueous concentrations did not differ from median of grab sampling values more than by a factor of 2. Further, for 30 of 36 compounds, more than 80% of POCIS data did not differ from grab sampling data more than by a factor of 5. When accepting this level of accuracy, in situ derived sampling rates are sufficiently robust for application of POCIS for identification of spatial and temporal contamination trends in surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branislav Vrana
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Centre RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jakub Urík
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Centre RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ganna Fedorova
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Švecová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Grabicová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Oksana Golovko
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Randák
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Grabic
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
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23
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Aseperi AK, Busquets R, Hooda PS, Cheung PCW, Barker J. Behaviour of neonicotinoids in contrasting soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 276:111329. [PMID: 32932069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are widely used to control insect pests in agriculture. Their presence in the environment can affect the health of non-target insects and aquatic animals. The behaviour of four neonicotinoids, namely imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam, has been investigated in soils with contrasting characteristics to understand their migration in soil and ecological risk. Among the study neonicotinoids, thiamethoxam and thiacloprid were found to be the least and most sorbed neonicotinoids by all the soils, respectively (up to 186 time greater adsorption of thiacloprid), and their uptake was affected by the content of organic matter in the soil. Leaching studies in columns confirmed that thiamethoxam leached out of the soils readily, pointing out to a relatively high risk of ground water contamination with possible ecological impact when thiamethoxam is used in soils with low organic matter. In soil column studies, the soil with the lowest organic matter presents the greatest residue of neonicotinoids in the sub-surface (≤5 cm). In contrast the soil richer in organic matter presented most of the contamination deeper down in the column; a factor to be considered in the remediation from soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeniyi K Aseperi
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, KT1 2EE, United Kingdom.
| | - Rosa Busquets
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, KT1 2EE, United Kingdom.
| | - Peter S Hooda
- School of Engineering and Environment, Kingston University London, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, KT1 2EE, United Kingdom
| | - Philip C W Cheung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - James Barker
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, KT1 2EE, United Kingdom
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24
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Jeong Y, Kwon HA, Jeon HP, Schäffer A, Smith K. Quantitative evaluation of polyethersulfone and polytetrafluoroethylene membrane sorption in a polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115224. [PMID: 32698120 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The lag effect in the polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) equipped with a polyethersulfone (PES) membrane (POCIS-PES) is a potential limitation for its application in water environments. In this study, a POCIS with a poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) membrane (POCIS-PTFE) was investigated for circumventing membrane sorption in order to provide more reliable concentration measurements of organic contaminants. Sampler characteristics such as sampling rates (RS) and sampler-water partition coefficients (KSW) were similar for POCIS-PES and POCIS-PTFE, indicating that partitioning into Oasis HLB as the receiving phase dominates the overall partitioning from the aqueous phase to the POCIS. Membrane sorption was quantified in both laboratory and field experiments. Although POCIS-PTFE showed minor membrane sorption, the PTFE membranes were not robust enough to prevent changes in the sorption of the pollutants to the inner Oasis HLB sorbent due to biofouling. This was reflected in significant ionization effects in the electrospray ionization (ESI) source during the LC-MS/MS analysis. Despite clear differences in the ionization effects, the two POCISs types provided similar time-weighted average (CTWA) concentrations after a two-week passive sampling campaign in surface water and the outflow of a wastewater treatment plant. This study contributes to a more detailed understanding of POCIS application by providing a quantitative evaluation of membrane sorption and its associated effects in the laboratory and field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonah Jeong
- Environmental Safety Group, KIST Europe, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Campus E7.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany; Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52076, Aachen, Germany; Department of Land, Water and Environment Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyangdaero 283, Goyang-si, 10223, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Ah Kwon
- Environmental Safety Group, KIST Europe, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Campus E7.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany; Division of Energy & Environment Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Pyo Jeon
- Environmental Safety Group, KIST Europe, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Campus E7.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52076, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kilian Smith
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52076, Aachen, Germany; Department of Water, Environment, Construction and Safety, University of Applied Sciences Magdeburg-Stendal, Breitscheidstr. 2, 39114, Magdeburg, Germany
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25
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Kirtane A, Atkinson JD, Sassoubre L. Design and Validation of Passive Environmental DNA Samplers Using Granular Activated Carbon and Montmorillonite Clay. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:11961-11970. [PMID: 32659082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis is gaining prominence as a tool for species and biodiversity monitoring in aquatic environments. eDNA shed by organisms is captured in grab samples, concentrated by filtration, extracted, and analyzed using molecular methods. Conventional capture and filtration methods are limited because (1) filtration does not capture all extracellular DNA, (2) eDNA can degrade during sample transport and storage, (3) filters often clog in turbid waters, reducing the eDNA captured, and (4) grab samples are time sensitive due to pulse eDNA inputs. To address these limitations, this work designs and validates Passive Environmental DNA Samplers (PEDS). PEDS consist of an adsorbent-filled sachet that is suspended in water to collect eDNA over time. Both extracellular and cellular DNA are captured, and the extracellular DNA is protected from degradation. The eDNA captured over time may be more representative than a grab sample. Two adsorbents, Montmorillonite Clay (MC) and Granular Activated Carbon (GAC), are tested. In laboratory experiments, MC-PEDS adsorbed five times more extracellular DNA and desorbed up to four times more than GAC-PEDS (despite high levels of eDNA loss during desorption). In microcosm and field experiments, GAC-PEDS captured over an order of magnitude more eDNA than MC-PEDS. Field results further validated PEDS as an effective eDNA capture method compared to conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Kirtane
- Department of Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14228, United States
| | - John D Atkinson
- Department of Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14228, United States
| | - Lauren Sassoubre
- Department of Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14228, United States
- Department of Engineering, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94117, United States
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26
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Cárdenas-Soracá DM, Barra-Ríos RO, Mueller JF, Hawker DW, Kaserzon SL. In-situ calibration of a microporous polyethylene passive sampling device with polar organic micropollutants in the Chillan River, central Chile. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 188:109738. [PMID: 32535357 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Cárdenas-Soracá
- Department of Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, PO Box 160-C, Concepcion, Chile.
| | - Ricardo O Barra-Ríos
- Department of Aquatic Systems, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and EULA-Chile Centre, University of Concepcion, PO Box 160-C, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Darryl W Hawker
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia; Griffith School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Sarit L Kaserzon
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia.
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27
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Sampling Rate of Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS): Influence Factors and Calibration Methods. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10165548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
As a passive sampling device, the polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) has the characteristics of simple operation, safety, and reliability for assessing the occurrence and risk of persistent and emerging trace organic pollutants. The POCIS, allowing for the determination of time-weighted average (TWA) concentration of polar organic chemicals, exhibits good application prospects in aquatic environments. Before deploying the device in water, the sampling rate (Rs), which is a key parameter for characterizing pollutant enrichment, should be determined and calibrated accurately. However, the Rs values strongly depend on experimental hydrodynamic conditions. This paper provides an overview of the current situation of the POCIS for environmental monitoring of organic pollutants in an aquatic system. The principle and theory of the POCIS are outlined. In particular, the effect factors such as the ambient conditions, pollutant properties, and device features on the Rs are analyzed in detail from aspects of impact dependence and mechanisms. The calibration methods of the Rs under laboratory and in situ conditions are summarized. This review offers supplementary information on comprehensive understanding of mechanism and application of the POCIS. Nevertheless, the Rs were impacted by a combined effect of solute–sorbent–membrane–solution, and the influence extent of each variable was still unclear. On this basis, the ongoing challenges are proposed for the future application of the POCIS in the actual environment, for instance, the need for this device to be improved in terms of quantitative methods for more accurate measurement of the Rs.
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28
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Taylor RB, Toteu Djomte V, Bobbitt JM, Hering AS, Chen S, Chambliss CK. Effects of Environmentally Relevant Concentration Exposure Profiles on Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS) Sampling Rates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:8848-8856. [PMID: 32598138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) is a passive sampling device that offers many advantages over traditional discrete sampling methods, but quantitative time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations rely heavily on the robustness of sampling rates. The effects of changing chemical concentration exposures on POCIS sampling rates and its ability to operate in an integrative regime were investigated for 12 pesticides across a range of environmentally relevant concentrations. In five independent 21-day experiments, POCIS devices were exposed to these compounds at constant concentrations ranging from 3 to 60 μg/L and multiple pulsed concentrations with maximum peaks ranging from 5 to 150 μg/L (TWA concentrations = 3 to 92 μg/L). For the 21-day exposures to constant and pulsed concentrations, there were no significant differences in the POCIS sampling rates between corresponding TWA concentrations. Similarly, there was no significant effect on POCIS ability to operate in an integrative regime. However, loss of linearity was visible for some replicates when exposed to higher pulsed concentrations over an extended period. Modeling and Freundlich isotherms did not predict sorbent saturation, but the extraction and reconstitution protocol likely contributed to atrazine dissolution and subsequent underestimation of sorbed chemical mass when HLB adsorption exceeded 400 μg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raegyn B Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Valerie Toteu Djomte
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Jonathan M Bobbitt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Amanda S Hering
- Department of Statistical Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Sunmao Chen
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, Greensboro, North Carolina 27409, United States
| | - C Kevin Chambliss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
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Naderi Beni N, Snow DD, Berry ED, Mittelstet AR, Messer TL, Bartelt-Hunt S. Measuring the occurrence of antibiotics in surface water adjacent to cattle grazing areas using passive samplers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 726:138296. [PMID: 32481204 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals are used in livestock production systems and residues passed to the environment, often unmetabolized, after use and excretion. Antibiotic residues may be transported from manure-treated soils via runoff and are also capable of reaching surface and groundwater systems through a variety of pathways. The occurrence and persistence of antibiotics in the environment is a concern due to the potential for ecological effects and proliferation of environmental antibiotic resistance in pathogenic organisms. In the present study, the occurrence and seasonal variation of 24 commonly-used veterinary antibiotics was evaluated in surface water adjacent to several livestock production systems using Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers (POCIS). Uptake rates for all compounds, nine of which have not been previously reported, were measured in the laboratory to permit estimation of changes in the time-weighted average (TWA) antibiotic concentrations during exposure. The antibiotics detected in POCIS extracts included sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, sulfamerazine, sulfadiazine, lincomycin, erythromycin, erythromycin anhydro- and monensin. The maximum TWA concentration belonged to sulfadiazine (25 ng/L) in the August-September sampling period and coincided with the highest number of precipitation events. With the exception of monensin that showed an increase in concentration over the stream path, none of the detected antibiotics were prescribed to livestock at the facility. The detection of antibiotics not prescribed by the facility may be attributable to the environmental persistence of previously used antibiotics, transfer by wind from other nearby livestock production sites or industrial uses, and/or the natural production of some antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Naderi Beni
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-6105, USA
| | - Daniel D Snow
- Water Sciences Laboratory and School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0844, USA
| | - Elaine D Berry
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, Spur 18D, Clay Center, NE 68933-0166, USA
| | - Aaron R Mittelstet
- School of Natural Resources, East Campus, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 101 Hardin Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0961, USA
| | - Tiffany L Messer
- School of Natural Resources, East Campus, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 101 Hardin Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0961, USA; Biological Systems Engineering Department, East Campus, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 223 L.W. Chase Hall, P.O. Box 830726, Lincoln, NE 68583-0726, USA
| | - Shannon Bartelt-Hunt
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-6105, USA.
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Challis JK, Almirall XO, Helm PA, Wong CS. Performance of the organic-diffusive gradients in thin-films passive sampler for measurement of target and suspect wastewater contaminants. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 261:114092. [PMID: 32059137 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although passive sampling is widely accepted as an excellent tool for environmental monitoring, their integration with suspect or non-targeted screening by high-resolution mass spectrometry has been limited. This study describes the application of the organic-diffusive gradients in thin-films (o-DGT) passive sampler as a tool for accurate measurement of both targeted and suspect polar organic contaminants (primarily pharmaceuticals) in wastewater. First, performance of o-DGT was assessed alongside the polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) and active sampling at two wastewater treatment facilities using targeted analyses. Overall, water concentrations measured by o-DGT, POCIS, and 24-hr integrative active samples were in good agreement with each other. There were exceptions, including a systematic difference between o-DGT and POCIS at certain sites that we propose was a result of site-specific conditions and a difference in sampling rates between the two techniques. The second component of this work involved suspect screening of the o-DGT extracts using high-resolution, high mass accuracy quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOF). Lamotrigine, venlafaxine, and des-methylvenlafaxine were three suspect compounds identified and selected as proof-of-concept case studies to determine the feasibility and accuracy of o-DGT for estimating water concentrations based upon predicted sampling rates using a previously validated o-DGT diffusion model. Semi-quantification of the suspect compounds was conducting using an average surrogate response factor based on the suite of compounds measured by the targeted analyses. This, combined with the modelled sampling rates provided time-weighted average wastewater concentrations of the identified suspects within a factor of 2 of the true value, confirmed by isotope dilution with mass labelled internal surrogates. To the knowledge of the authors, this work is the first to demonstrate the utility of the o-DGT passive sampler as a potential environmental screening tool that can be integrated into the rapidly advancing field of non-targeted high resolution mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K Challis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2 Canada.
| | - Xavier Ortiz Almirall
- Laboratory Services Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, Ontario, M9P 3V6, Canada; School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Paul A Helm
- Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, Ontario, M9P 3V6 Canada
| | - Charles S Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2 Canada; Department of Chemistry and Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Richardson College for the Environment, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3B 2E9, Canada; School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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Grabicová K, Grabic R, Fedorova G, Kolářová J, Turek J, Brooks BW, Randák T. Psychoactive pharmaceuticals in aquatic systems: A comparative assessment of environmental monitoring approaches for water and fish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 261:114150. [PMID: 32062094 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental monitoring and surveillance studies of pharmaceuticals routinely examine occurrence of substances without current information on human consumption patterns. We selected 10 streams with diverse annual flows and differentially influenced by population densities to examine surface water occurrence and fish accumulation of select psychoactive medicines, for which consumption is increasing in the Czech Republic. We then tested whether passive sampling can provide a useful surrogate for exposure to these substances through grab sampling, body burdens of young of year fish, and tissue specific accumulation of these psychoactive contaminants. We identified a statistically significant (p < 0.05) relationship between ambient grab samples and passive samplers in these streams when psychoactive contaminants were commonly quantitated by targeted liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, though we did not observe relationships between passive samplers and tissue specific pharmaceutical accumulation. We further observed smaller lotic systems with elevated contamination when municipal effluent discharges from more highly populated cities contributed a greater extent of instream flows. These findings identify the importance of understanding age and species specific differences in fish uptake, internal disposition, metabolism and elimination of psychoactive drugs across surface water quality gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Grabicová
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - Roman Grabic
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Ganna Fedorova
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Kolářová
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Turek
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic; Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biomedical Studies, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Tomáš Randák
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
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Aydin ME, Beduk F, Aydin S, Koyuncu S, Genuit G, Bahadir M. Development of biofilm collectors as passive samplers in sewerage systems-a novel wastewater monitoring method. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:8199-8209. [PMID: 31897991 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel wastewater sampling method based on biofilm collection on a multi-armed polyethylene strips (so called "Octopus") is proposed. The implementation of this method is a step forward to prevent illegal industrial discharges into sewerage systems and receiving water bodies. Prior applications of biofilm collection were performed in Bielefeld, Germany, in 1994. The success of the method encouraged other municipalities to apply this method for monitoring indirect discharges into sewerage systems. Municipality of Konya, Turkey, started to use the method in 2013. Continuous monitoring has been performed for the determination of regulated heavy metals: chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg) and cadmium (Cd). Unauthorized discharges of Cr, Zn and Ni were identified in Konya by performing sewerage slime tests through biofilm analyses. 2686 mg/kg d.m. Cr, 3949 mg/kg d.m. Zn and 3300 mg/kg d.m. Ni were highest values determined for biofilm samples taken from monitoring sites. In this paper, the principles of the method will be introduced, and findings from the wastewater of Konya City will be given in comparison with findings from Bielefeld, Germany. Conducted results reveal high (and likely illegal) heavy metal discharges into the sewerage system in Konya. The continuous monitoring of sewerage systems with biofilm collectors is an effective and efficient method for point source control of wastewater pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Emin Aydin
- Department of Civil Engineering, Engineering and Architecture Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, No: A/506, Meram, Koycegiz Campus, Konya, Turkey
| | - Fatma Beduk
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Engineering and Architecture Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, No: A/501, Meram, Koycegiz Campus, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Senar Aydin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Engineering and Architecture Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, No: A/501, Meram, Koycegiz Campus, Konya, Turkey
| | - Serdar Koyuncu
- General Directorate of Konya Water and Sewerage Administration, Konya, Turkey
| | - Gerhard Genuit
- Department of Pollutants in Production Processes, Stadt Bielefeld, 33602, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Müfit Bahadir
- Technical University Braunschweig, Institute of Environmental and Sustainable Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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Gallé T, Frelat M, Huck V, Bayerle M, Pittois D, Braun C. Quantitative use of passive sampling data to derive a complete seasonal sequence of flood event loads: a case study for maize herbicides in Luxembourg. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:294-304. [PMID: 31939971 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00487d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are the class of compounds with the most dynamic behaviour in their surface water occurrence: their episodic release to surface waters is closely related to the date of application and the following weather conditions and poses substantial challenges to monitoring in order to yield accurate mass transfer figures. Moreover, pesticide use, dose and time of application are largely unknown catchment wide and pose an essential problem as to the realism and reliability of pesticide fate modelling as well as accurate farmer counselling. Spatially and temporally highly resolved monitoring establishing pesticide sources was logistically unthinkable until the advent of passive samplers which combine ease of deployment and continuous sampling. However, because research on passive sampler performance has been mainly driven by analytical precision issues, doubts were high as to whether passive samplers could yield accurate time weighted averages in the field, all the more so that the number of field validations is to this day very limited. Here we present a study that used a combination of spatially distributed passive- and autosamplers to capture the runoff dynamics of pesticides used for maize crops in a 82 km2 catchment in Luxembourg. We demonstrate that passive samplers are capable of accurately monitoring episodic emissions of pesticides through a longitudinal profile in a catchment, thus allowing the identification of pesticide source areas. Thanks to the time-proportional nature of the passive sampling it was furthermore possible to calculate event mean concentrations and loads which were behaving temporally according to the physico-chemical properties of the compounds and to the timing and extent of mobilising discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Gallé
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), ERIN Dept., 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Marion Frelat
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), ERIN Dept., 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Viola Huck
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), ERIN Dept., 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Michael Bayerle
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), ERIN Dept., 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Denis Pittois
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), ERIN Dept., 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Christian Braun
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), ERIN Dept., 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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Lotufo GR, George RD, Belden JB, Woodley C, Smith DL, Rosen G. Release of Munitions Constituents in Aquatic Environments Under Realistic Scenarios and Validation of Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers for Monitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:2383-2391. [PMID: 31365142 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Munitions constituents (MC) may be released into aquatic environments as a result of underwater military munitions (UWMM) corrosion and breach. The present study investigated the release of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) from Composition B fragments under 2 realistic exposure scenarios in a large flume with flow set at 15 cm/s: the first represented the release of MC from fully exposed Composition B, and the second represented release through a small hole, simulating a breached munition. Release of MC through a small hole was approximately 10 times lower than from exposed Composition B, demonstrating the strong influence of exposure to flow on release. The rate of release of MC into the flume was similar to that previously reported in a related field experiment, but a similar mass loss resulted in MC concentration in the field >300 times lower, likely by the dilution effect of hydrodynamic transport. The present study corroborates previous findings of release of MC at UWMM sites resulting in concentrations below the toxicity threshold to most species. In the flume water, MC was quantified using frequent grab sampling and polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS). For TNT, POCIS-estimated time-weighted average concentrations were up to 40% higher than those derived from grab samples, whereas for RDX differences were 6% or less, demonstrating that POCIS provide reliable temporal integration of changing environmental concentrations for common MC. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2383-2391. Published 2019 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme R Lotufo
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi
| | - Robert D George
- US Navy Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific, San Diego, California
| | - Jason B Belden
- Department of Zoology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Christa Woodley
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi
| | - David L Smith
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi
| | - Gunther Rosen
- US Navy Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific, San Diego, California
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Godlewska K, Stepnowski P, Paszkiewicz M. Application of the Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler for Isolation of Environmental Micropollutants – A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 50:1-28. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1565983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Godlewska
- Department of Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Paszkiewicz
- Department of Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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36
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Bernard M, Boutry S, Lissalde S, Guibaud G, Saüt M, Rebillard JP, Mazzella N. Combination of passive and grab sampling strategies improves the assessment of pesticide occurrence and contamination levels in a large-scale watershed. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:684-695. [PMID: 30245424 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fifty-one monitoring stations from the Water Framework Directive network (2000/60/CE) were selected in the Adour-Garonne basin (117,650 km2, SW France). These stations were characterized by a diversity of land use, implying different water pesticide contamination profiles. In each, Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS) deployment (14 days) and grab water samples (1 per period) were performed 6 times in 2016 in order to obtain contamination levels (29 pesticides monitored). The large amount of data collected during this 1-year monitoring required specific graphical and map processing to compare the information provided by POCIS and grab samples. Graphical projections demonstrated that with POCIS the number of quantified pesticides and the quantification frequencies were higher than with grab samples. Additionally, projections showed that POCIS provided better temporal representativeness of monthly contamination levels. Indeed, the POCIS data showed seasonal trends which were directly linked with the use of each pesticide (application period) and the land use of each sampling site, that was not visible with the grab samples data. Map projections of the measured concentrations, using a common scale for the two sampling strategies, clearly showed the strengths of the POCIS deployment and the link between measured contamination levels, quantified pesticides and land use. Finally, this study shows that the combination of grab sample data (magnitude of contamination peaks) and POCIS data (average concentration over a given period) provided more complete and reliable knowledge of the contamination levels in the Basin than either method alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Bernard
- Irstea, UR EABX, 50 Avenue de Verdun, 33612 Cestas, France.
| | | | - Sophie Lissalde
- University of Limoges, Peirene EA7500 - URA IRSTEA - Equipe Développement d'indicateurs ou prévision de la qualité des eaux, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Gilles Guibaud
- University of Limoges, Peirene EA7500 - URA IRSTEA - Equipe Développement d'indicateurs ou prévision de la qualité des eaux, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Margaux Saüt
- Agence de l'Eau Adour-Garonne (AEAG), 90 Rue du Feretra, 31078 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Rebillard
- Agence de l'Eau Adour-Garonne (AEAG), 90 Rue du Feretra, 31078 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France
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Metcalfe CD, Helm P, Paterson G, Kaltenecker G, Murray C, Nowierski M, Sultana T. Pesticides related to land use in watersheds of the Great Lakes basin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 648:681-692. [PMID: 30125850 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the distribution and concentrations of a range of neonicotinoid insecticides (NNIs) and other insecticides, fungicides, biocides and selected herbicides in watersheds that drain into the lower Great Lakes in Ontario, Canada. Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers (POCIS) were deployed in 18 watersheds during late May to late June of 2016. Grab samples were also collected in 7 of these watersheds. There was generally good agreement between the time-weighted average concentrations of pesticides estimated from the POCIS and the concentrations detected in grab samples. The NNIs, thiamethoxam, clothianidin and imidacloprid, were present in several watersheds at concentrations that exceeded the Canadian Water Quality Guideline for imidacloprid of 0.23 μg/L. The new generation insecticides, flonicamid and flupyradifurone were also detected in some watersheds, which is the first report of these pesticides in the peer-reviewed literature. Atrazine, 2,4-D, dicamba, carbendazim, thiophanate methyl and several azole-based fungicides were also widely detected. Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) indicated that a high proportion (i.e. >80%) of the watersheds could be discriminated from each other on the basis of the pattern of pesticides detected in surface waters, and the proportion of field crops in the watershed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris D Metcalfe
- Water Quality Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada.
| | - Paul Helm
- Ontario Ministry of Environment and Climate Change, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gordon Paterson
- Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | | | - Craig Murray
- Water Quality Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Monica Nowierski
- Ontario Ministry of Environment and Climate Change, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tamanna Sultana
- Water Quality Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
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Mhadhbi T, Pringault O, Nouri H, Spinelli S, Beyrem H, Gonzalez C. Evaluating polar pesticide pollution with a combined approach: a survey of agricultural practices and POCIS passive samplers in a Tunisian lagoon watershed. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:342-361. [PMID: 30397753 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3552-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A study of pesticides in the Bizerte lagoon watershed on the Mediterranean coast of Tunisia showed that herbicides and fungicides are the most commonly used compounds. A survey was made of selected farmers. Pesticide contamination was monitored in the water column and sediments at four selected sampling sites (lagoon (A) and in three oueds-Chegui (B), Garaa (C), and Tinja (D)). Polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) were used to assess pesticide contamination. Thirty-two pesticides were investigated; the total concentration of active ingredients ranged from 35.9 ng L-1 in Tinja oued to 1246 ng L-1 in Chegui oued. In the lagoon, the total concentration of pesticides was 67.7 ng L-1. In the sediments, the highest concentration was measured in Chegui oued in the spring (31 ng g-1 dw). The main compounds found in the analyzed sediments were prosulfocarb and tebuconazole molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takoua Mhadhbi
- Laboratory of Industrial Environmental Engineering (LGEI), IMT Mines Alès, University of Montpellier, Ales, France.
- Laboratory of Environmental Biomonitoring (LBE), Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Avenue de la République, Tunisia.
| | - Olivier Pringault
- UMR 9190 MARBEC IRD-Ifremer-CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Habiba Nouri
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sylvie Spinelli
- Laboratory of Industrial Environmental Engineering (LGEI), IMT Mines Alès, University of Montpellier, Ales, France
| | - Hamouda Beyrem
- Laboratory of Environmental Biomonitoring (LBE), Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Avenue de la République, Tunisia
| | - Catherine Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Industrial Environmental Engineering (LGEI), IMT Mines Alès, University of Montpellier, Ales, France
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Ivanovsky A, Belles A, Criquet J, Dumoulin D, Noble P, Alary C, Billon G. Assessment of the treatment efficiency of an urban stormwater pond and its impact on the natural downstream watercourse. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 226:120-130. [PMID: 30114571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
During the last few decades, stormwater ponds have become an alternative management practice in order to avoid flooding and to contain rainwater and runoff in urban areas where impervious land cover has increased. A second purpose of stormwater ponds is to improve the quality of runoff water that is usually contaminated with nitrogen, phosphorus, metals and organic micropollutants. Processes used are based on natural methods such as settlement and contribute to minimize the impact of these inputs to the natural aquatic system. This study aims to better understand the behavior of a wet stormwater pond, Heron Lake (33 ha) located in the city of Villeneuve d'Ascq in northern France through various indicators [trace metals, PAHs, PCBs, caffeine (CAF), carbamazepine (CBZ), nutrients and pathogens]. For that purpose, water quality was monitored for 1 year, mainly at the entrance and at the outlet of the lake. Sampling have also been done in the downstream aquatic environment, the Marque River. Sediments were sampled in the lake to evaluate the pollution trapped during sedimentation. Our results of both water and sediment sampling highlight: (i) the wastewater input into the Heron Lake is estimated to be equivalent to that of roughly 3800 inhabitants; (ii) the removal rates observed at the outlet, relative to concentrations at the entrance channel, vary as follows for these dissolved species: 24% for NO3- and PO43-, 28% for CBZ, 35% for Cu, 63% for Pb, 78% for CAF, 84% for Zn and up to 93% for NH4+; (iii) there are high levels of sediment contamination with metals, PAHs and PCBs at the entrance channel; (iv) the eutrophication of this pond is attributed to persistent high nutrient concentrations in both water and sediment, and has contributed to the development of an invasive macrophyte, the Elodea nuttallii; and (v) there appears to be only a negligible impact of the discharge from the lake to the natural watercourse, contributing annual loads of <2 up to 6% of the total amount of Cu, Pb, Zn, CAF, CBZ and nutrients measured in the Marque River, and having a slight diluting effect on concentrations in the Marque River.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ivanovsky
- Univ. Lille CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIR, Equipe Physico-Chimie de l'Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - A Belles
- IMT Mines Douai, LGCgE, GCE, 59500, Douai, France
| | - J Criquet
- Univ. Lille CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIR, Equipe Physico-Chimie de l'Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - D Dumoulin
- Univ. Lille CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIR, Equipe Physico-Chimie de l'Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - P Noble
- Univ. Lille CNRS, UMR 8198 EEP, F-59000, Lille, France; DGSE - University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89503, USA
| | - C Alary
- IMT Mines Douai, LGCgE, GCE, 59500, Douai, France
| | - G Billon
- Univ. Lille CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIR, Equipe Physico-Chimie de l'Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France.
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Challis JK, Stroski KM, Luong KH, Hanson ML, Wong CS. Field Evaluation and in Situ Stress Testing of the Organic-Diffusive Gradients in Thin-Films Passive Sampler. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:12573-12582. [PMID: 30244575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The organic-diffusive gradients in thin-films (o-DGT) technique has emerged as a promising aquatic passive sampler that addresses many of the challenges associated with current sampling tools used for measurement of polar organic contaminants. This study represents the first comprehensive field evaluation of the o-DGT in natural surface waters, across a wide suite of polar pharmaceuticals and pesticides. We explore the utility and limitations of o-DGT as a quantitative measurement tool compared to grab sampling and the polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) across four connected agricultural and wastewater-influenced freshwater systems spanning 600 km from the U.S. border to northern Manitoba, Canada. Overall, the suite of analytes detected with o-DGT and POCIS was similar. Concentrations in water estimated using o-DGT were greater than concentrations estimated from POCIS in 71 of 80 paired observations, and on average, the estimates from o-DGT were 2.3-fold greater than estimates from POCIS. Grab sample concentrations suggested that the systematic underestimation with POCIS were largely a result of sampling rate variation related to flow rate and boundary-layer effects, an issue reported consistently in the POCIS literature. These comprehensive measurements in an agriculturally influenced fast-flowing river, long-term sampling (>40 days) in a large dilute lake system, deployments in wastewaters, and under ice at near-freezing temperatures represent effective stress testing of o-DGT under representative and challenging conditions. Overall, its strong performance and improved accuracy over POCIS supports its use as a robust, quantitative, and sensitive measurement tool for polar organic chemicals in aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K Challis
- Department of Chemistry , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Manitoba R3T 2N2 , Canada
| | - Kevin M Stroski
- Department of Chemistry , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Manitoba R3T 2N2 , Canada
| | - Kim H Luong
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Richardson College for the Environment , The University of Winnipeg , Winnipeg , Manitoba R3B 2E9 , Canada
| | - Mark L Hanson
- Department of Environment and Geography , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Manitoba R3T 2N2 , Canada
| | - Charles S Wong
- Department of Chemistry , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Manitoba R3T 2N2 , Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Richardson College for the Environment , The University of Winnipeg , Winnipeg , Manitoba R3B 2E9 , Canada
- Department of Environment and Geography , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Manitoba R3T 2N2 , Canada
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Ahrens L, Daneshvar A, Lau AE, Kreuger J. Concentrations, fluxes and field calibration of passive water samplers for pesticides and hazard-based risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 637-638:835-843. [PMID: 29758438 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Three passive sampler types including Chemcatcher® C18, polar organic chemical integrative sampler-hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (POCIS-HLB) and silicone rubber (SR) based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were evaluated for 124 legacy and current used pesticides at two sampling locations in southern Sweden over a period of 6 weeks and compared to time-proportional composite active sampling. In addition, an in situ calibration was performed resulting in median in situ sampling rates (RS, L day-1) of 0.01 for Chemcatcher® C18, 0.03 for POCIS-HLB, and 0.18 for SR, and median in situ passive sampler-water partition coefficients (log KPW, L kg-1) of 2.76 for Chemcatcher® C18, 3.87 for POCIS-HLB, and 2.64 for SR. Deisopropylatrazine D5 showed to be suitable as a performance reference compound (PRC) for SR. There was a good agreement between the pesticide concentrations using passive and active sampling. However, the three passive samplers detected 38 pesticides (including 9 priority substances from the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) and 2 pyrethriods) which were not detected by the active sampler. The most frequently detected pesticides with a detection frequency of >90% for both sites were atrazine, 2,6-dichlorobenzamide, bentazone, chloridazon, isoproturon, and propiconazole. The annual average environmental quality standard (AA-EQS) for inland surface waters of the EU WFD and the risk quotient (RQ) of 1 was exceeded on a number of occasions indicating potential risk for the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Ahrens
- Dept. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Atlasi Daneshvar
- Dept. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; Center for chemical pesticides, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna E Lau
- Dept. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; Center for chemical pesticides, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jenny Kreuger
- Dept. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; Center for chemical pesticides, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Djomte VT, Taylor RB, Chen S, Booij K, Chambliss CK. Effects of hydrodynamic conditions and temperature on polar organic chemical integrative sampling rates. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:2331-2339. [PMID: 29978495 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of changing hydrodynamic conditions and changing temperatures on polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) sampling rates (Rs ) were investigated for 12 crop protection chemicals. Exposure concentration was held constant in each laboratory experiment, and flow velocities were calculated from measured mass transfer coefficients of the water boundary layer near the surface of POCIS devices. At a given temperature Rs generally increased by a factor of 2 to 5 between a stagnant condition and higher flow velocities (6-21 cm/s), but Rs for most compounds was essentially constant between the higher flow velocities. When temperature was varied between 8 and 39 °C for a given flow condition, Rs increased linearly. In general, Rs increased by a factor of 2 to 4 and 2 to 8 over this temperature range under flow and stagnant conditions, respectively. An Arrhenius model was used to describe the dependence of POCIS sampling rates on temperature. Adjustments of Rs for temperature did not fully explain observed differences between time-weighted average concentrations of atrazine determined from POCIS and from composite water sampling in a field setting, suggesting that the effects of other competing factors still need to be evaluated. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2331-2339. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raegyn B Taylor
- Baylor University, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Sunmao Chen
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - C Kevin Chambliss
- Baylor University, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Waco, Texas, USA
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Castle GD, Mills GA, Bakir A, Gravell A, Schumacher M, Snow K, Fones GR. Measuring metaldehyde in surface waters in the UK using two monitoring approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2018; 20:1180-1190. [PMID: 30062348 DOI: 10.1039/c8em00180d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Metaldehyde is a molluscicide and the active ingredient in formulated slug pellets used for the protection of crops. Due to its mobility in the environment it is frequently found in river catchments, often at concentrations exceeding the EU Drinking Water Directive limit of 100 ng L-1 for a single pesticide. This presents a major problem for water companies in the UK where such waters are abstracted for production of potable drinking water supplies. Therefore, it is important to understand the sources, transport and fate of this emerging pollutant of concern in the aquatic environment. We monitored metaldehyde in two contrasting river catchments (River Dee (8 sites) and River Thames (6 sites)) over a twelve month period that coincided with the agricultural application period of the molluscicide. Spot samples of water were collected typically weekly or fortnightly. Chemcatcher® passive samplers were deployed consecutively every two weeks. At the River Dee, there was little variability in the concentrations of metaldehyde (<10-110 ng L-1) measured in the spot samples of water. The Chemcatcher® gave similar time-weighted average concentrations which were higher following increased rain fall events. At the River Thames, concentrations of metaldehyde varied more widely (<9-4200 ng L-1) with several samples exceeding 100 ng L-1. Generally these concentrations were reflected in the time-weighted average concentrations obtained using the Chemcatcher®. Both monitoring techniques gave complementary data for identifying input sources, and in the development of catchment management plans and environmental remediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn D Castle
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth, PO1 3QL, UK.
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Booij K, Chen S. Review of atrazine sampling by polar organic chemical integrative samplers and Chemcatcher. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:1786-1798. [PMID: 29687480 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A key success factor for the performance of passive samplers is the proper calibration of sampling rates. Sampling rates for a wide range of polar organic compounds are available for Chemcatchers and polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS), but the mechanistic models that are needed to understand the effects of exposure conditions on sampling rates need improvement. Literature data on atrazine sampling rates by these samplers were reviewed with the aim of assessing what can be learned from literature reports of this well-studied compound and identifying knowledge gaps related to the effects of flow and temperature. The flow dependency of sampling rates could be described by a mass transfer resistance model with 1 (POCIS) or 2 (Chemcatcher) adjustable parameters. Literature data were insufficient to evaluate the temperature effect on the sampling rates. An evaluation of reported sampler configurations showed that standardization of sampler design can be improved: for POCIS with respect to surface area and sorbent mass, and for Chemcatcher with respect to housing design. Several reports on atrazine sampling could not be used because the experimental setups were insufficiently described with respect to flow conditions. Recommendations are made for standardization of sampler layout and documentation of flow conditions in calibration studies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1786-1798. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kees Booij
- Passive Sampling of Organic Compounds (PaSOC), Kimswerd, The Netherlands
| | - Sunmao Chen
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
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Branchet P, Cadot E, Fenet H, Sebag D, Ngatcha BN, Borrell-Estupina V, Ngoupayou JRN, Kengne I, Braun JJ, Gonzalez C. Polar pesticide contamination of an urban and peri-urban tropical watershed affected by agricultural activities (Yaoundé, Center Region, Cameroon). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:17690-17715. [PMID: 29671229 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1798-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Urban agriculture is crucial to local populations, but the risk of it contaminating water has rarely been documented. The aim of this study was to assess pesticide contamination of surface waters from the Méfou watershed (Yaoundé, Cameroon) by 32 selected herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides (mainly polar) according to their local application, using both grab sampling and polar organic compounds integrative samplers (POCIS). Three sampling campaigns were conducted in the March/April and October/November 2015 and June/July 2016 rainy seasons in urban and peri-urban areas. The majority of the targeted compounds were detected. The quantification frequencies of eight pesticides were more than 20% with both POCIS and grab sampling, and that of diuron and atrazine reached 100%. Spatial differences in contamination were evidenced with higher contamination in urban than peri-urban rivers. In particular, diuron was identified as an urban contaminant of concern because its concentrations frequently exceeded the European water quality guideline of 0.200 μg/L in freshwater and may thus represent an ecological risk due to a risk quotient > 1 for algae observed in 94% of grab samples. This study raises concerns about the impacts of urban agriculture on the quality of water resources and to a larger extent on the health of the inhabitants of cities in developing countries. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Branchet
- Laboratoire de Génie de l'Environnement Industriel (LGEI), IMT Mines Alès, University of Montpellier, 6, Avenue de Clavières, 30100, Ales, France.
| | - Emmanuelle Cadot
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, CC 057-163, rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène Fenet
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, CC 057-163, rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - David Sebag
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, CC 057-163, rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090, Montpellier, France
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, M2C, Rouen, France
| | - Benjamin Ngounou Ngatcha
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Valérie Borrell-Estupina
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, CC 057-163, rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Ives Kengne
- Wastewater Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Jean-Jacques Braun
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, CNAP, CNES, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Gonzalez
- Laboratoire de Génie de l'Environnement Industriel (LGEI), IMT Mines Alès, University of Montpellier, 6, Avenue de Clavières, 30100, Ales, France
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Calibration and field evaluation of the Chemcatcher® passive sampler for monitoring metaldehyde in surface water. Talanta 2018; 179:57-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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