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Puskic PS, Slocombe R, Ploeg R, Roman L, Lea MA, Hutton I, Bridle AR. Exploring the pathology of liver, kidney, muscle, and stomach of fledgling seabirds associated with plastic ingestion. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133306. [PMID: 38147759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
There remain significant gaps in knowledge about 'sub-lethal' impacts of plastic ingestion, particularly chronic impacts on cells, tissues, or organs. Few studies have applied traditional animal health tools, such as histopathology, to assess physiological damage to wildlife, with fewer still providing information on the dosage or exposure to plastics needed to elicit negative effects. Our study seeks to investigate a common hypothesis in plastic pollution research; that an increasing plastics burden will have an impact on an animal's health, examining two wild species with high levels of environmental exposure to plastic through their diet. Here we assess the histopathology of the muscle, upper digestive tract, liver and kidney of two seabird species that are known to be commonly exposed to plastic, comparing exposed and non-exposed individuals. Fledgling seabirds showed histopathological evidence of cumulative pressures such as starvation, disease, and endoparasite burden. However, we observed no evidence of chronic harm that could be explicitly linked to the plastics. We found one case of haemorrhage, reaffirming that large/sharp plastic foreign bodies may cause acute physical damage. Given the numerous interacting pressures on the health of fledging seabirds, including exposure to plastic, this study highlights the need to scrutinise plastic-animal interactions and research though a One Health lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Puskic
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Centre for Marine Sociology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Ron Slocombe
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Ploeg
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lauren Roman
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; CSIRO Environment, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Mary-Anne Lea
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Centre for Marine Sociology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Ian Hutton
- Lord Howe Island Museum, Lord Howe Island, Australia
| | - Andrew R Bridle
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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2
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Flores-Ramírez R, Mendoza-Rivera SP, García-Grajales J, Buenrostro-Silva A, Sanjuan-Meza EU, Berumen-Rodríguez AA, Espinosa-Reyes G. Persistent organic pollutants in the olive ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) during the nesting stage in the "La Escobilla" Sanctuary, Oaxaca, Mexico. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:10911-10919. [PMID: 38214861 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31833-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are chemical substances widely distributed in the environment by the runoff from anthropic activities and can be distributed and bioaccumulated or biomagnified in the environment, affecting the health of organisms. The sea turtle, Lepidochelys olivacea, is a long-lived organism, with migratory habits and feeding behaviors that allow exposure to various pollutants. This work aimed to determine long-term exposure to POPs in adult olive ridley turtles (L. olivacea), sampled during the nesting season, in "La Escobilla" Sanctuary. Blood samples were collected and processed to obtain plasma. The quantification of POPs in blood was carried out with an extraction technique with a focused ultrasound probe. Twenty-seven POP analytes were determined. The concentrations of hexachlorocyclohexane, endosulfan isomers, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, total polychlorinated biphenyls, and the total sum of POPs found in plasma are higher than those reported in other studies, which reported effects such as hematological and biochemical changes in blood, changes in immune system cells and enzymatic activity related to oxidative stress. These results are important to demonstrate the chronic exposure to POPs in olive ridley turtles in marine ecosystems and to highlight the importance of assessing the associated health risks, considering that these contaminants could be transferred to the offspring and affect future generations of this reptile. It is important to carry out studies that develop conservation strategies for the olive ridley turtle. Also, it is necessary to control the emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere, as well as reduce urban, agricultural, and industrial waste in the environment and marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogelio Flores-Ramírez
- Facultad de Medicina - Coordinación para la Inoovación y la Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACyT). Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona No. 550, CP 78210, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Sagrario Paola Mendoza-Rivera
- Facultad de Medicina - Coordinación para la Inoovación y la Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACyT). Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona No. 550, CP 78210, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Jesus García-Grajales
- Universidad del Mar Campus Puerto Escondido, Km. 2.5 Carretera Federal Puerto Escondido-Sola de Vega, 71980, San Pedro Mixtepec, Oaxaca, México
| | - Alejandra Buenrostro-Silva
- Universidad del Mar Campus Puerto Escondido, Km. 2.5 Carretera Federal Puerto Escondido-Sola de Vega, 71980, San Pedro Mixtepec, Oaxaca, México
| | - Eleno Uriel Sanjuan-Meza
- Facultad de Medicina - Coordinación para la Inoovación y la Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACyT). Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona No. 550, CP 78210, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Alejandra Abigail Berumen-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Medicina - Coordinación para la Inoovación y la Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACyT). Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona No. 550, CP 78210, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Guillermo Espinosa-Reyes
- Facultad de Medicina - Coordinación para la Inoovación y la Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACyT). Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona No. 550, CP 78210, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México.
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3
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Corniuk RN, Lynch JM, Arendt MD, Braun-McNeill J, Owens DW, Valverde RA, Kucklick JR, McClellan-Green PD. Using Plasma Vitellogenin in Loggerhead Sea Turtles to Assess Reproductive Maturation and Estrogen-Like Contaminant Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:1309-1325. [PMID: 36942377 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Vitellogenin (VTG), an egg yolk precursor, is abnormally produced by male and juvenile oviparous species after exposure to estrogens. Plasma VTG in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) helped us understand their reproductive maturation and investigate it as a biomarker of contaminant exposure. The presence of VTG was screened in plasma from 404 loggerheads from the northwestern Atlantic Ocean using a freshwater turtle antibody in western blots. The concentrations of VTG were semiquantified using band intensities calibrated to results from a loggerhead antibody enzyme-linked immunoassay. The detection and concentrations of VTG were in (from highest to lowest): nesting females, in-water adult females, subadult females, smaller females, unknown sex, and males. Loggerheads from this region begin vitellogenesis at ≅77 cm straight carapace length. We classified VTG expression as abnormal in nine male or juvenile turtles. Organochlorine contaminant (OC) concentrations were measured in blood and/or fat biopsies of some turtles. One abnormal VTG female had the second highest fat polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene concentrations compared among 43 VTG-negative juveniles. The nine VTG-abnormal turtles had average blood PCB concentrations 8.5% higher, but not significantly different, than 46 VTG-negative juveniles (p = 0.453). In turtles less than 77 cm, blood PCB concentrations were significantly, but weakly, correlated with semiquantified VTG concentrations (tau = 0.1, p = 0.004). Greater blood OC concentrations were found in adult females than in males, which motivated the creation of a conceptual model of OC, VTG, and hormone concentrations across a reproductive cycle. A decision tree is also provided incorporating VTG as a sexing tool. Abnormal VTG expression cannot conclusively be linked to endocrine disruption caused by these OC concentrations. Studies should further investigate causes of abnormal VTG expression in wild sea turtles. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;00:1-18. © 2023 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer M Lynch
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Waimanalo, Hawaii, USA
- Duke University Marine Laboratory, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael D Arendt
- Marine Resources Division, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - David W Owens
- College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Roldán A Valverde
- Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana, USA
- Sea Turtle Conservancy, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - John R Kucklick
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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4
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Sharma H, Neelam DK. Understanding challenges associated with plastic and bacterial approach toward plastic degradation. J Basic Microbiol 2023; 63:292-307. [PMID: 36470670 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plastic is widely used in every sector due to its stability, durability, and low cost. The widespread use of plastic results in the compilation of plastic waste in the environment. The buildup of such a vast volume of plastic garbage has emerged as the primary cause of environmental pollution, including air, land, and water pollution. Plastics contain various harmful chemicals and toxic substances that can leak and adversely affect humans and other organisms. Managing this much plastic waste is a very challenging task; therefore, an appropriate technique is needed to address this problem. Various methods are used, such as chemical, physical, and biological, to degrade plastic waste. Bacterial degradation is known to be the most effective technique for the biodegradation approach to overcome this issue. Biodegradation has played a crucial role in removing these polluting wastes more efficiently and eco-friendly. The process of biodegradation involves a variety of bacteria, such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Bacillus weihenstephanensis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Rhodococcus ruber, and so on. Biodegradation of plastic takes place through various biochemical pathways, including biodeterioration, biofragmentation, assimilation, and mineralization. During biodegradation, bacteria produce enzymes like esterase, cutinase, laccase, lipase, and others that break down and transform plastic polymers into microbial biomass and gases. This review aims to explain how bacteria contribute to the breakdown of plastic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemlata Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, JECRC University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Deepesh K Neelam
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, JECRC University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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5
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A Preliminary Report of Plastic Ingestion by Hawksbill and Green Turtles in the Saudi Arabian Red Sea. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020314. [PMID: 36670854 PMCID: PMC9854423 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Plastic pollution is a major environmental concern confronting marine animals. Sea turtles are considered a bio-indicator of plastic pollution, but there is little information regarding plastic ingestion by turtles in the Red Sea. With large-scale development projects being built along the Saudi Arabian coast, it is important to have a baseline for plastic ingestion before construction is complete. (2) Methods: Ten deceased sea turtles (four hawksbill and six green turtles) were collected along the Saudi Arabian coastline. Necropsies were conducted, and the entire gastrointestinal tracts were extracted and the contents were passed through a 1 mm mesh sieve. (3) Results: We found that 40% of the turtles in this study had ingested plastics. Thread-like plastics were the most common plastic category, and multi-colored was the most prevalent color category. (4) Conclusions: Monitoring of the plastic ingestion by marine megafauna should be conducted as a long-term assessment of the developments' impacts. Additionally, conservation efforts should be focused on removing plastics (namely ghost nests and fishing lines) from the reefs and reducing the amount of plastic entering the sea.
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6
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Fruergaard M, Laursen SN, Larsen MN, Posth NR, Niebe KB, Bentzon-Tarp A, Svenningsen SK, Acevedo N LI, Trinh BS, Tran-Thi PT, Doan-Nhu H, Nguyen-Ngoc L, Andersen TJ. Abundance and sources of plastic debris on beaches in a plastic hotspot, Nha Trang, Viet Nam. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 186:114394. [PMID: 36493520 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Viet Nam is challenged by extensive marine plastic pollution, however, remediation efforts are hampered by undefined sources to the coastal environment. This study surveyed the abundance, type, and source of beached plastic litter at seven beaches along the coast of Nha Trang, Viet Nam. A total of 4754 beached plastic litter items (>2 cm) yielded a mean abundance of 19.8 ± 19.5 items m-2 corresponding to 116 ± 226 g DW m-2. Our results demonstrate that plastic litter related to fishing and aquaculture constituted at least 62 % of the total by weight and 38 % by number, showing that these two sectors are responsible for a significant part of the plastic pollution along the coast. Hence, we argue that improved management of the fishing and aquaculture sectors could substantially reduce marine plastic pollution along Viet Nam's coast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Fruergaard
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN), University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Simon N Laursen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN), University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Marianne N Larsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN), University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Nicole R Posth
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN), University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Kasper B Niebe
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN), University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Abeline Bentzon-Tarp
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN), University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Sidsel K Svenningsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN), University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Laura I Acevedo N
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN), University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Bao-Son Trinh
- Institute for Environment and Resources, National University of Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | | | - Hai Doan-Nhu
- Department of Marine Plankton, Institute of Oceanography (Viet Nam Academy of Science and Technology, VAST), Cau Da 01, Nha Trang 650000, Viet Nam
| | - Lam Nguyen-Ngoc
- Department of Marine Plankton, Institute of Oceanography (Viet Nam Academy of Science and Technology, VAST), Cau Da 01, Nha Trang 650000, Viet Nam
| | - Thorbjørn J Andersen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN), University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
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7
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Esposito M, Canzanella S, Iaccarino D, Bruno T, Esposito E, Di Nocera F, Arienzo M, Ferrara L, Gallo P. Levels of non-dioxin-like PCBs (NDL-PCBs) in liver of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) from the Tyrrhenian Sea (Southern Italy). CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136393. [PMID: 36096300 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The levels of six non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs 28, 52, 101, 138, 153, and 180) were determined in the liver of 84 loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) stranded along the coasts of the Tyrrhenian Sea in Campania Region (Southern Italy), from 2017 to 2021. The average value of the sum (∑6PCBIND) was 28.0 ± 52.2 ng/g (w.w.). The hexachlorobiphenyls PCB 153 and PCB 138 and the heptachlorobiphenyl PCB 180 were the main contributors to the ∑6PCBIND. A weak positive correlation was found between CCL and highly chlorinated PCBs, with adult females having lower PCB concentrations than juvenile females and adult males. This study provides more comprehensive information on the levels of NDL-PCB in Mediterranean loggerhead turtles and sets the basis for assessing anthropogenic impacts on this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Esposito
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute, 2 - Portici, Italy; Centro di Referenza Nazionale per l'Analisi e Studio di Correlazione tra Ambiente, Animale e Uomo, IZS Mezzogiorno, Portici, Italy
| | - Silvia Canzanella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute, 2 - Portici, Italy; Centro di Referenza Nazionale per l'Analisi e Studio di Correlazione tra Ambiente, Animale e Uomo, IZS Mezzogiorno, Portici, Italy.
| | - Doriana Iaccarino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute, 2 - Portici, Italy
| | - Teresa Bruno
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute, 2 - Portici, Italy
| | - Emanuele Esposito
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute, 2 - Portici, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Nocera
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute, 2 - Portici, Italy
| | - Michele Arienzo
- Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources, University of Naples Federico II, Via Vicinale Cupa Cintia 21, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Luciano Ferrara
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Vicinale Cupa Cintia 21, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Gallo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute, 2 - Portici, Italy
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8
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Chlorinated Persistent Organic Pollutants (PCDD/Fs and PCBs) in Loggerhead Sea Turtles Stranded along the Central Adriatic Coast. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223177. [PMID: 36428404 PMCID: PMC9686616 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants are widespread in the marine environment. They can bioaccumulate and biomagnify in marine organisms through the food web with a potentially toxic effect on living organisms. The sea turtle Caretta caretta is a carnivorous animal with opportunistic feeding behavior. These turtles tend to bioaccumulate pollutants through food, and hence they can be considered an indicator of chemical pollutants in the marine ecosystem. In this study, 44 loggerhead sea turtles were considered, and liver and fat tissue were sampled from each of them to investigate the levels of dioxins (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sea turtles and their potential correlation with sex and size in terms of curved carapace length (CCL). Results suggested that these contaminants were easily bioaccumulated, and PCBs were predominant compared to dioxins in both liver and fat tissue. The congener patterns were similar to those found in sea fish. Moreover, there were no differences in the contamination levels between females and males, nor was there a correlation with the size. There is a need to harmonize the methodological approaches to better evaluate the results and trends over time and to monitor the species and indirectly the health status of the marine environment.
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Migliaccio V, Putti R, Scudiero R. Metallothionein gene expression in rat tissues: response to dietary restriction after orally dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) exposure and high-fat feeding. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2022; 57:859-864. [PMID: 36173099 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2127594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) is an environmental pollutant that accumulates in adipose tissue through the food chain. Hypercaloric, high-fat diet is considered to promote the accumulation of toxic lipophilic substances in tissues, whereas the loss of body fat through caloric restriction results in a recirculation of these substances. In rats, oral administration of DDE causes the onset of tissues damage; the concomitant intake of a high-fat diet ameliorates tissues status, probably because of the entrapment of the lipophilic substance in fat depots. Recent evidence demonstrates that DDE alters the expression of metallothioneins, proteins involved in cellular defense from oxidative stress, in a diet- and tissue-specific manner. This study is aimed to verify if 2 weeks of caloric restriction after the oral DDE treatment can modify metallothionein gene expression in tissues of high-fat fed rats. Real-time PCR analysis demonstrates that metallothionein gene expression after calorie restriction is tissue-specific and strongly influenced by both previous dietary conditions and DDE exposure. To avoid misleading conclusions on the interference of toxic xenobiotics on metallothionein gene expression is particularly important to consider the tissue, the cellular conditions, and the nutritional status of the animals, especially when the protein is used as an index of cells health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Migliaccio
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli", University of Salerno, Fisciano (Sa), Italy
| | - Rosalba Putti
- Department of Biology, University Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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10
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Boakes Z, Hall AE, Elvan Ampou E, Jones GC, Gusti Ngurah Agung Suryaputra I, Putu Mahyuni L, Prasetyo R, Stafford R. Coral reef conservation in Bali in light of international best practice, a literature review. J Nat Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2022.126190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Huang Y, Zhang W, Zhang S, Jin F, Fang C, Ma X, Wang J, Mu J. Systematical insights into distribution and characteristics of microplastics in near-surface waters from the East Asian Seas to the Arctic Central Basin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:151923. [PMID: 34838547 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution and composition of microplastics in near-surface water (8 m) was investigated from the East Asian Seas to the Arctic Central Basin. Microplastics were detected in 93.9% of the sampling sites. Abundances ranged from 0.48 to 7.62 items/m3, with an average abundance of 2.91 ± 1.93 items/m3. The highest average abundance was observed in the Arctic Central Basin. Polyester (PET) was the dominant type, accounting for 71.3% of total microplastics, followed by rayon or cellophane and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Microplastics < 2 mm accounted for 81.9% of total particles. Its distribution peaked in the 1-2 mm size range. The 0.30-2 mm fibers were the most abundant. In the East Asian Seas, the abundance was significantly negatively correlated with longitude, whereas the accumulation of microplastics was not observed in the northeastern sector of Japan Sea. Abundances of microplastics at sites located in the sub-Arctic and Arctic Oceans showed a significant positive relationship with latitude, indicating that the Arctic Ocean is a potential accumulation zone of microplastics. The findings of this study will provide systematical insights into distribution of microplastics and basic information for understanding the accumulation mechanism of microplastics in near-surface waters from the East Asian Seas to the Arctic Central Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Huang
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, 200 Wenxian Road, Fuzhou 350108, China; Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, 333 Gongye Road, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shoufeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Fei Jin
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xindong Ma
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Juying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Jingli Mu
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, 200 Wenxian Road, Fuzhou 350108, China; Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China; Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, 333 Gongye Road, Fuzhou 350004, China.
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12
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Conlon K. Marine Debris and Human Health: An Exposure Pathway of Persistent Organic Pollutants? ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:263-265. [PMID: 34347906 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although there are not any direct studies linking persistent organic pollutants (POPs) accumulated on marine debris to human health, there are numerous studies showing human health impacts from repeated and high-level POP exposure, as well as studies showing that POPs accumulate on plastic debris in the marine environment. With this knowledge, there is a need for greater awareness of the risks of POP exposure for those who handle marine debris regularly, especially in contexts of higher exposure such as those working in marine debris-concentrated areas. Among the scientific community, understanding of the exposure risk might be high, but others who handle marine debris, for instance, citizen groups in the Global South, are not necessarily aware of this exposure pathway. Moreover, global consumers who are marketed "ocean plastics" upcycled products are also not aware of potential POP exposure. Before marine plastics are accepted into the upcycled economy, these risks warrant further examination. This is a perspectives piece that aims to draw awareness to these emergent POP exposure pathways and considerations regarding marine plastic pollution. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:263-265. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Conlon
- Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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13
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Camedda A, Matiddi M, Vianello A, Coppa S, Bianchi J, Silvestri C, Palazzo L, Massaro G, Atzori F, Ruiu A, Piermarini R, Cocumelli C, Briguglio P, Hochscheid S, Brundu R, de Lucia GA. Polymer composition assessment suggests prevalence of single-use plastics among items ingested by loggerhead sea turtles in the western mediterranean sub-region. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118274. [PMID: 34606971 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ingestion of plastic is becoming a major concern for various species and particularly for marine turtles across the globe. The loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) was recently chosen by the European Commission as a bio-indicator for plastic pollution within the Mediterranean basin. We further investigated which items this key species is more prone to ingest, following the standardised Marine Strategy Framework Directive protocols. Moreover, we integrated to this protocol the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, which allowed us to determine the polymer type of each item. We analysed samples from 226 sea turtles from 2008 to 2017 in two areas of the western Mediterranean sub-region (sensu MSFD). In the Lazio area we found a frequency of occurrence of plastic ingestion of 78.33%, while in Sardinia 41.79%. The analysis of the litter categories, among all individuals, highlights a prevalence of user-sheet (Use-She; 69.13%) and user-fragment plastics (Use-Fra; 20.84%). In addition, the polymer analysis showed a dominance of polyethylene (65.98%) and polypropylene (26.23%). As a result, by looking at other works that have investigated polymer types and items sources, we are able to infer that 77.25% of the objects ingested by the C. caretta individuals are attributable to disposable daily-life objects managed in an improper way. Therefore, C. caretta apart from being an efficient bio-indicator for plastic pollution, highlighting spatial and temporal concentration differences, it could also be used to verify the effectiveness of the Single-use Plastic Directive (EU 2019/904).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Camedda
- Institute of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in Marine Environment - National Research Council Oristano Section, Località Sa Mardini 09170 Torregrande, Oristano, Italy
| | - Marco Matiddi
- Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144, Roma, Italy
| | - Alvise Vianello
- Aalborg University, Section of Water and Environment, Department of the Built Environment, Thomas Manns Vej 23, 9220, Aalborg Øst, Denmark
| | - Stefania Coppa
- Institute of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in Marine Environment - National Research Council Oristano Section, Località Sa Mardini 09170 Torregrande, Oristano, Italy.
| | - Jessica Bianchi
- Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144, Roma, Italy; Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis 44, 01100, Viterbo, VT, Italy
| | - Cecilia Silvestri
- Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144, Roma, Italy
| | - Luca Palazzo
- Institute of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in Marine Environment - National Research Council Oristano Section, Località Sa Mardini 09170 Torregrande, Oristano, Italy; Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis 44, 01100, Viterbo, VT, Italy
| | - Giorgio Massaro
- Institute of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in Marine Environment - National Research Council Oristano Section, Località Sa Mardini 09170 Torregrande, Oristano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Atzori
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis 44, 01100, Viterbo, VT, Italy; Capo Carbonara MPA- Municipality of Villasimius, 09049, Villasimius (SU), Italy
| | - Angelo Ruiu
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sardegna - Struttura Complessa Diagnostica di Oristano, Via Atene, Z.I., 09170, Oristano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Piermarini
- Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144, Roma, Italy
| | - Cristiano Cocumelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Del Lazio e Della Toscana M. Aleandri, via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178, Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo Briguglio
- Clinica Veterinaria "due Mari", Via Cagliari 313, 09170, Oristano, Italy
| | - Sandra Hochscheid
- Marine Turtle Research Center, Dipartment of Animal Conservation and Public Engagement, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Nuova Macello 16, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Roberto Brundu
- "Penisola Del Sinis e Isola di Mal di Ventre" Marine Protected Area, P.zza Eleonora 1, 09072, Cabras, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Andrea de Lucia
- Institute of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in Marine Environment - National Research Council Oristano Section, Località Sa Mardini 09170 Torregrande, Oristano, Italy
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Renaguli A, Fernando S, Holsen TM, Hopke PK, Adams DH, Balazs GH, Jones TT, Work TM, Lynch JM, Crimmins BS. Characterization of Halogenated Organic Compounds in Pelagic Sharks and Sea Turtles Using a Nontargeted Approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:16390-16401. [PMID: 34846854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated organic compounds (HOCs) in marine species collected from the Atlantic Ocean [3 shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) and 1 porbeagle (Lamna nasus)], and 12 sea turtles collected from the Pacific Ocean [3 loggerhead (Caretta caretta), 3 green (Chelonia mydas), 3 olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea), and 3 hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata)] were analyzed with a nontargeted analytical method using two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Sharks and sea turtles had distinct HOC profiles. Halogenated methoxyphenols (halo-MeOPs) were the most abundant compound class identified in sea turtle livers, while polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were the most abundant in shark livers. In addition to legacy contaminants and halo-MeOPs, a total of 110 nontargeted/novel HOCs (NHOCs) were observed in the shark livers. Shortfin mako collected from the northern Gulf of Mexico contained the largest number (89) and most diverse structural classes of NHOCs. Among all NHOCs, a group of compounds with the elemental composition C14H12-nCln (n = 5-8) exhibited the highest concentrations, followed by chlorocarbazoles and tris(chlorophenyl) methanes (TCPMs). Using nontargeted workflows, a variety of known and unknown HOCs were observed, which demonstrate the need to develop more complete chemical profiles in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikebaier Renaguli
- Institute for a Sustainable Environment, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Sujan Fernando
- Center for Air and Aquatic Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Thomas M Holsen
- Center for Air and Aquatic Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Center for Air and Aquatic Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Douglas H Adams
- Cape Canaveral Scientific Inc., 220 Surf Road, Melbourne Beach, Florida 32951, United States
| | - George H Balazs
- Golden Honu Services of Oceania, Honolulu, Hawaii 96825 United States
| | - T Todd Jones
- Golden Honu Services of Oceania, Honolulu, Hawaii 96825 United States
| | - Thierry M Work
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Honolulu Field Station, Honolulu, Hawaii 96818, United States
| | - Jennifer M Lynch
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Chemical Sciences Division, 41-202 Kalaniana'ole Highway Ste #9, Waima̅nalo, Hawai'i 96795, United States
- Center for Marine Debris Research, Hawai'i Pacific University, 41-202 Kalaniana'ole Highway Ste #9, Waima̅nalo, Hawai'i 96795, United States
| | - Bernard S Crimmins
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
- AEACS, LLC, New Kensington, Pennsylvania 15068, United States
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Jarcovis RDLM, Taniguchi S, da Silva J, Lourenço RA. Persistent organic pollutants and stable isotopes in the liver of Chelonia mydas stranded on the southeastern Brazilian coast. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 173:113075. [PMID: 34741921 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Among the various pollutants released into the environment, there are persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Chelonia mydas are one of the species that can be exposed to these pollutants and it is classified in the IUCN Red List as "endangered". The present study evaluated the occurrence of POPs in 49liver tissue samples of C. mydas juveniles collected on the southeastern Brazilian coast. Furthermore, the concentrations were correlated with carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratio, biometrics, and ecological factors. The main POPs found were ƴ-HCH and PCBs. Overall, the concentrations found were low and there were no significant correlations among POPs, isotopic ratios, size and weight, which may be related to the fact that the studied individuals are juveniles and occupy similar trophic positions despite the individual variations found. Despite the low concentrations, the presence of POPs, mainly PCBs, in the sea turtles' liver indicates their exposure to these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael De Lucca Marcello Jarcovis
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo (IO-USP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-120, Brazil.
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo (IO-USP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Josilene da Silva
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo (IO-USP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Rafael André Lourenço
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo (IO-USP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-120, Brazil
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16
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Sala B, Balasch A, Eljarrat E, Cardona L. First study on the presence of plastic additives in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) from the Mediterranean Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 283:117108. [PMID: 33866215 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) voluntarily ingest floating plastic debris and hence are chronically exposed to plastic additives, but very little is known about the levels of these compounds in their tissues. This work studied the presence of organophosphate esters (OPEs) on sea turtles collected from two different areas in the western Mediterranean, some of their prey and some floating plastic debris. OPEs were detected in all the samples analysed and ∑OPEs ranged from 12.5 to 384 ng/g wet weight (ww) in the turtles from the Catalan coasts, with a mean value of 21.6 ng/g ww, and from 6.08 to 100 ng/g ww in the turtles the Balearic Islands, with a mean value of 37.9 ng/g ww. Differences in ∑OPEs were statistically significant, but turtles from the two regions did not differ in their OPE profiles. As per turtle's prey, ∑OPEs ranged from 4.55 to 90.5 ng/g ww. Finally, marine plastic litter showed ∑OPEs concentrations between 10.9 and 868 ng/g. Although most compounds were present in both potential sources of contamination, prey and plastic debris, the OPE profiles in loggerhead turtles and these sources were different. Some OPEs, such as tris(2-isopropylphenyl) phosphate (T2IPPP), tripropyl phosphate (TPP) and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), were detected in plastic debris and turtle muscle but not in their prey, thus suggesting that ingestion of plastic debris was their main source. Contrarily, the levels of triethyl phosphate (TEP), diphenyl cresyl phosphate (DCP), 2-isopropylphenyl diphenyl phosphate (2IPPDPP) and 4-isopropylphenyl diphenyl phosphate (4IPPDPP) in turtle muscle were much higher than in jellyfish, their main prey, thus indicating a biomagnification potential. Regular ingestion of plastic debris and contamination from their prey may explain why ∑OPEs in loggerhead turtles is much higher than the values reported previously for teleost fishes and marine mammals from the western Mediterranean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Sala
- Water, Environment and Food Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix Balasch
- Water, Environment and Food Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ethel Eljarrat
- Water, Environment and Food Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Luis Cardona
- Institute of Biodiversity Research (IRBio) and Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Ge M, Wang X, Yang G, Wang Z, Li Z, Zhang X, Xu Q. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in deep-sea sediments of the tropical western Pacific Ocean. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 277:130267. [PMID: 33774242 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are toxic compounds that can persist for extended periods in the environment. The marine environment is considered an important sink for POPs. However, information regarding POPs in deep-sea environments remains limited. In this study, surface sediments from depths below 2,000 m were collected in the western Pacific Ocean to analyze polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organic pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The concentrations of PAHs were highest (5.2-24.6 ng g-1 dw). Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) were the predominant organic pesticide (30-1,730 pg g-1 dw). Dicofol, chlorpyrifos, and malathion were detected only at a few sites. PCBs were not detected in the study area. A principal component analysis with multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR) indicated that PAHs in sediments mainly originated from biomass and coal combustion (∼62%) and petrogenic (∼38%) sources. This study revealed the distribution and potential sources of POPs in sediments of a deep-sea region in the western Pacific Ocean. Further studies of the transformations, sedimentation, and biological interactions of POPs are needed to better understand the fates of POPs in the marine environment and the ecological risks they pose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Ge
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; MNR Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Xuetao Wang
- MNR Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Gang Yang
- MNR Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Zongling Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; MNR Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Zhong Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; MNR Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Xuelei Zhang
- MNR Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Qinzeng Xu
- MNR Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China.
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Wu Q, Li G, Huo T, Du X, Yang Q, Hung TC, Yan W. Mechanisms of parental co-exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics and microcystin-LR aggravated hatching inhibition of zebrafish offspring. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 774:145766. [PMID: 33610984 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The combined toxicity effects of microcystins-LR (MCLR) and polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) on the hatching of F1 zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were investigated in this study due to the increasing concerns of both plastic pollution and eutrophication in aquatic environments. Three-month-old zebrafish were used to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the combined effect of MCLR (0, 0.9, 4.5, and 22.5 μg/L) on egg hatching in the existence of PSNPs (100 μg/L). The results demonstrated the existence of PSNPs further increased the accumulation of MCLR in F1 embryos. The hatching rates of F1 embryos were inhibited after exposure to 22.5 μg/L MCLR, and the presence of PSNPs aggravated the hatching inhibition induced by MCLR. The decrease of hatching enzyme activity and the abnormality of spontaneous movement were observed. We examined the altered expression levels of the genes associated with the hatching enzyme (tox16, foxp1, ctslb, xpb1, klf4, cap1, bmp4, cd63, He1.2, zhe1, and prl), cholinergic system (ache and chrnα7), and muscle development (Wnt, MyoD, Myf5, Myogenin, and MRF4). The results suggested the existence of PSNPs exacerbated the hatching inhibition of F1 embryos through decreasing the activity of enzyme, interfering with the cholinergic system, and affecting the muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei province 435002, China; Hubei Engineering Research Center of Special Wild Vegetables Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization Technology, Huangshi 435002, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tangbin Huo
- Heilongjiang River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150010, China
| | - Xue Du
- Heilongjiang River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150010, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry of Water Resources, Institute of Hydro-ecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Tien-Chieh Hung
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Wei Yan
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Nutritional Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Wuhan 430064, Hubei, China.
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19
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Filippos LS, Taniguchi S, Baldassin P, Pires T, Montone RC. Persistent organic pollutants in plasma and stable isotopes in red blood cells of Caretta caretta, Chelonia mydas and Lepidochelys olivacea sea turtles that nest in Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 167:112283. [PMID: 33799149 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Studies of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), in sea turtles are reported, but there are still spatial data gaps worldwide. POP contamination of live female blood plasma from Caretta caretta (n = 28), Chelonia mydas (n = 31) and Lepidochelys olivacea (n = 19), which nest in Brazil and feed along the South Atlantic Ocean, was investigated. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes from red blood cells (RBC) were also evaluated to obtain information about trophic ecology. C. caretta had the highest POP concentrations, followed by L. olivacea and C. mydas. PCBs predominated in all species, and the major OCPs were the DDTs (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and derivatives) and Lindane. POPs and stable isotopes revealed intra- and interspecific variations, which reflect the high plasticity in the use of habitat and food resources, making individuals within the same population susceptible to different exposures to pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana S Filippos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto Oceanográfico, Laboratório de Química Orgânica Marinha, Praça do Oceanográfico 191, São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil.
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto Oceanográfico, Laboratório de Química Orgânica Marinha, Praça do Oceanográfico 191, São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Paula Baldassin
- Instituto BW, Professora Suely Brasil Flores, 88, CEP 28.970-000, Praia Seca, Araruama, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thaís Pires
- Fundação Projeto Tamar, Rua Rubens Guelli 134/307, Itaigara, Salvador, CEP: 41815-135, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rosalinda C Montone
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto Oceanográfico, Laboratório de Química Orgânica Marinha, Praça do Oceanográfico 191, São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil
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20
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Rice N, Hirama S, Witherington B. High frequency of micro- and meso-plastics ingestion in a sample of neonate sea turtles from a major rookery. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 167:112363. [PMID: 33895595 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We studied marine litter ingestion in 380 neonate sea turtles that washed ashore dead onto Florida's central Atlantic coast (USA) following onshore winds. Our sample of "washbacks" included 284 loggerheads (Caretta caretta), 95 green turtles (Chelonia mydas), and one hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata). Of these, 78.7% had ingested plastics and 45.3% had ingested tar. There was a significant relationship between turtles' carapace length and total mass of ingested plastic. Ingested plastics included microplastics (<5 mm) and larger sizes up to 25% of carapace length. Washbacks' body condition indices were significantly poorer than condition indices of wild turtles captured at sea. Washbacks showed a negative association between plastic load and body condition index, evidence that high plastic loads resulted in diminished nutrition, with possible effects on somatic growth, stage duration, and survivorship. Evidence points to plastics ingestion being an important source of population-level effects in neonate sea turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikia Rice
- Mission Clean Beaches Inc., 1253 Haulover St., Palm Bay, FL 32908, USA.
| | - Shigetomo Hirama
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, 1105 Southwest Williston Road, Gainesville, FL 32601, USA
| | - Blair Witherington
- Inwater Research Group, Inc., 4160 NE Hyline Dr., Jensen Beach, FL 34957, USA
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21
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Weltmeyer A, Dogruer G, Hollert H, Ouellet JD, Townsend K, Covaci A, Weijs L. Distribution and toxicity of persistent organic pollutants and methoxylated polybrominated diphenylethers in different tissues of the green turtle Chelonia mydas. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 277:116795. [PMID: 33640813 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Investigating environmental pollution is important to understand its impact on endangered species such as green turtles (Chelonia mydas). In this study, we investigated the accumulation and potential toxicity of selected persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and naturally occurring MeO-PBDEs in liver, fat, kidney and muscle of turtles (n = 30) of different gender, size, year of death, location and health status. Overall, POP concentrations were low and accumulation was highest in liver and lowest in fat which is likely due to the poor health of several animals, causing a remobilization of lipids and associated compounds. PCBs and p,p'-DDE dominated the POP profiles, and relatively high MeO-PBDE concentrations (2'-MeO-BDE 68 up to 192 ng/g lw, 6-MeO-BDE 47 up to 79 ng/g lw) were detected in all tissues. Only few influences of factors such as age, gender and location were found. While concentrations were low compared to other marine wildlife, biological toxicity equivalences obtained by screening the tissue extracts using the micro-EROD assay ranged from 2.8 to 356 pg/g and the highest values were observed in muscle, followed by kidney and liver. This emphazises that pollutant mixtures found in the turtles have the potential to cause dioxin-like effects in these animals and that dioxin-like compounds should not be overlooked in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Weltmeyer
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Aachen, Germany; School of Environment and Science, Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Gülsah Dogruer
- School of Environment and Science, Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia; Wageningen Marine Research, Wageningen University and Research, Ijmuiden, the Netherlands
| | - Henner Hollert
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Aachen, Germany; Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Jacob D Ouellet
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Aachen, Germany; Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Kathy Townsend
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Hervey Bay, Australia
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Weijs
- School of Environment and Science, Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
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22
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Banerjee SM, Stoll JA, Allen CD, Lynch JM, Harris HS, Kenyon L, Connon RE, Sterling EJ, Naro-Maciel E, McFadden K, Lamont MM, Benge J, Fernandez NB, Seminoff JA, Benson SR, Lewison RL, Eguchi T, Summers TM, Hapdei JR, Rice MR, Martin S, Jones TT, Dutton PH, Balazs GH, Komoroske LM. Species and population specific gene expression in blood transcriptomes of marine turtles. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:346. [PMID: 33985425 PMCID: PMC8117300 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07656-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcriptomic data has demonstrated utility to advance the study of physiological diversity and organisms' responses to environmental stressors. However, a lack of genomic resources and challenges associated with collecting high-quality RNA can limit its application for many wild populations. Minimally invasive blood sampling combined with de novo transcriptomic approaches has great potential to alleviate these barriers. Here, we advance these goals for marine turtles by generating high quality de novo blood transcriptome assemblies to characterize functional diversity and compare global transcriptional profiles between tissues, species, and foraging aggregations. RESULTS We generated high quality blood transcriptome assemblies for hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata), loggerhead (Caretta caretta), green (Chelonia mydas), and leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) turtles. The functional diversity in assembled blood transcriptomes was comparable to those from more traditionally sampled tissues. A total of 31.3% of orthogroups identified were present in all four species, representing a core set of conserved genes expressed in blood and shared across marine turtle species. We observed strong species-specific expression of these genes, as well as distinct transcriptomic profiles between green turtle foraging aggregations that inhabit areas of greater or lesser anthropogenic disturbance. CONCLUSIONS Obtaining global gene expression data through non-lethal, minimally invasive sampling can greatly expand the applications of RNA-sequencing in protected long-lived species such as marine turtles. The distinct differences in gene expression signatures between species and foraging aggregations provide insight into the functional genomics underlying the diversity in this ancient vertebrate lineage. The transcriptomic resources generated here can be used in further studies examining the evolutionary ecology and anthropogenic impacts on marine turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya M Banerjee
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jamie Adkins Stoll
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Camryn D Allen
- Marine Turtle Biology and Assessment Program, Protected Species Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer M Lynch
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Hawai'i Pacific University, Waimanalo, HI, USA
| | - Heather S Harris
- Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Kenyon
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Richard E Connon
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Eleanor J Sterling
- Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Kathryn McFadden
- School of Agricultural, Forest, and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Margaret M Lamont
- United States Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - James Benge
- Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nadia B Fernandez
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Seminoff
- Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Scott R Benson
- Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Moss Landing, CA, 95039, USA.,Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, San Jose State University, Moss Landing, CA, 95039, USA
| | - Rebecca L Lewison
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tomoharu Eguchi
- Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Jessy R Hapdei
- Jessy's Tag Services, Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, USA
| | - Marc R Rice
- Hawai'i Preparatory Academy, Kamuela, HI, USA
| | - Summer Martin
- Marine Turtle Biology and Assessment Program, Protected Species Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - T Todd Jones
- Marine Turtle Biology and Assessment Program, Protected Species Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Peter H Dutton
- Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Lisa M Komoroske
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA. .,Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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23
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Norland S, Vorkamp K, Bogevik AS, Koelmans AA, Diepens NJ, Burgerhout E, Hansen ØJ, Puvanendran V, Rønnestad I. Assessing microplastic as a vector for chemical entry into fish larvae using a novel tube-feeding approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 265:129144. [PMID: 33293050 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A tube-feeding model for administering microplastic (MP, Ø = 30 μm) spheres to fish larvae was employed to quantify the uptake of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) into the larval body through a single administration of MP. Polychlorinated biphenyl-153 (PCB-153) was used as a representative HOC that can be sorbed to MP in the sea. Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) larvae (34-51 days post-hatching) were selected as the animal model. The herring larvae were tube-fed a single load of up to 200 polystyrene or polyethylene MP spheres spiked with 14C-labelled PCB-153, and the control larvae were tube-fed an isotonic solution without MP. At the time of sampling (24 h post feeding), some larvae had evacuated all MP spheres from the gut, while others still had MP remaining in the gut. In larvae with a significant number of MP spheres still present in the gut, whole-body scintillation counting (including the MP in the gut lumen) showed elevated levels of the tracer compared to those in the control fish larvae. For larvae in which all or almost all MP had been evacuated by the time of sampling, the tracer levels of the whole body were not significantly different compared to those for the control fish larvae. These data indicate that there was no significant transfer of PCB-153 from contaminated MP into fish larvae within a gut-transit time of <24 h. This study suggests that the vector role of MP in HOC uptake and absorption may be minor compared to that of other HOC uptake pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sissel Norland
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Katrin Vorkamp
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | | | - Albert A Koelmans
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Noël J Diepens
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | - Ivar Rønnestad
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway.
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24
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Lambiase S, Serpe FP, Pilia M, Fiorito F, Iaccarino D, Gallo P, Esposito M. Polychlorinated organic pollutants (PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs) in loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and green (Chelonia mydas) turtles from Central-Southern Tyrrhenian Sea. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128226. [PMID: 33297182 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study assesses for the first time the levels of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs in sea turtles coming from Tyrrhenian Sea. The concentrations measured in liver of the 24 specimens analysed were 6.90 vs 5.65 pg g-1 wet weight (ww) for PCDD/Fs and 10.95 vs 0.79 ng g-1 ww for DL-PCBs in Caretta caretta and Chelonia mydas, respectively. The DL-PCB levels resulted very higher in Caretta caretta than Chelonia mydas probably due to the different eating habits between the two species investigated. Furthermore, the highest levels of DL-PCBs were determined in livers of the adult Caretta caretta turtles of male sex. Positive correlations were found out between PCB-81 and the body mass (BM) of turtles (r2 = 0.6561; p = 0.001) and between PCB-81 and the curved carapace length (CCL) (r2 = 0.6250; p = 0.006) suggesting that the body burden of contaminants is related to the body size. The mean TEQ values, as a matter of risk assessment for turtles, were 3.64 vs 1.62 pg TEQ g-1 ww for PCDD/Fs and 8.72 vs 2.16 pg TEQ g-1 ww for DL-PCBs in Caretta caretta and Chelonia mydas, respectively. The results reported in this study increase the data available about the consequences of the Mediterranean Sea contamination by organochlorine pollutants and highlight an evident PCDD/F and PCB bioaccumulation in sea turtle tissues that threatens the survival of these marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lambiase
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | | | - Marisa Pilia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Filomena Fiorito
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Doriana Iaccarino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Pasquale Gallo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Mauro Esposito
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055, Portici, Italy
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25
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Puskic PS, Lavers JL, Bond AL. A critical review of harm associated with plastic ingestion on vertebrates. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140666. [PMID: 32758824 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Studies documenting plastic ingestion in animals have increased in recent years. Many do not describe the less conspicuous, sub-lethal impacts of plastic ingestion, such as reduced body condition or physiological changes. This means the severity of this global problem may have been underestimated. We conducted a critical review on the sub-lethal impacts of plastic ingestion on marine vertebrates (excluding fish). We found 34 papers which tried to measure plastics' impact using a variety of tools, and less than half of these detected any impact. The most common tools used were visual observations and body condition indices. Tools that explore animal physiology, such as histopathology, are a promising future approach to uncover the sub-lethal impacts of plastic ingestion in vertebrates. We encourage exploring impacts on species beyond the marine environment, using multiple tools or approaches, and continued research to discern the hidden impacts of plastic on global wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Puskic
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Jennifer L Lavers
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Alexander L Bond
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Bird Group, Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Tring, United Kingdom
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26
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Yaghmour F, Samara F, Alam I. Analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine pesticides in the tissues of green sea turtles, Chelonia mydas, (Linnaeus, 1758) from the eastern coast of the United Arab Emirates. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 160:111574. [PMID: 33181917 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The level of contamination of selected priority pollutants consisting of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were investigated from the tissues of stranded green sea turtles, Chelonia mydas, from the Gulf of Oman coast of the United Arab Emirates. Tissue samples - muscle and liver - were collected from 22 stranded green sea turtles from the coasts of Kalba and Khorfakkan from 2016 to 2018. Overall, we detected persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in 77% of the turtles. PAH's were the most frequently detected followed by high concentrations of OCP's (71% and 25% of the turtles, respectively). PCB's were not detected in any samples. Factors such as specimen size, mass of debris ingested and toxin hydrophobicity were not important factors affecting the concentrations of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Yaghmour
- Hefaiyah Mountain Conservation Centre (Scientific Research Department), Environment and Protected Areas Authority, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Fatin Samara
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Isra Alam
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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27
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Nava Montes AD, Espinosa Reyes G, Flores Ramírez R, Ramírez Romero P. Persistent organic pollutants in Kemp's Ridley sea turtle Lepidochelys kempii in Playa Rancho Nuevo Sanctuary, Tamaulipas, Mexico. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 739:140176. [PMID: 32758958 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POP) are toxic substances for wildlife and people. The Kemp's Ridley sea turtle Lepidochelys kempii is an endangered species with limited distribution in the Gulf of Mexico (GM), a marine ecosystem that has been perturbed by a variety of anthropogenic activities. In this work, the concentrations of ten organochlorine pesticides (OP), eight polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), and atrazine were determined in the plasma of Kemp's Ridley sea turtles that nest in Playa Rancho Nuevo Sanctuary, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Seventy-nine blood samples were collected from female turtles during the 2015-2016 nesting season. Samples were extracted with a focalized ultrasonic sound technique and analyzed through Gas Chromatography coupled to a Mass Spectrometer. POP with the highest percentage of detection were atrazine > PCB 52 > PCB 153 > DDE > alpha endosulfan > DDD > alpha HCH > DDT. There is no linear correlation between the detected POP levels in the Kemp's Ridley sea turtle plasma and its curve carapace length (CCL). When comparing 2015 and 2016 POP concentrations, there were statistically significant differences in atrazine (p < 0.05, R2 = 0.069), PCB 52 (p < 0.05, R2 = 0.0051) and ∑POP (p < 0.05, R2 = 0.0001) and, no statistically significant differences in alpha endosulfan (p < 0.05, R2 = 0.0294), DDE (p < 0.05, R2 = 0.0315) and PCB 153 (p < 0.05, R2 = 0.0036). The reported POP values of this work are one of the few registered for Kemp's Ridley sea turtle in the GM and the first for atrazine levels. These levels were higher than those reported for other sea turtle species from America, Africa, and Europe, which demonstrates a deteriorated health status of the GM marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Delia Nava Montes
- Environment and Energy Postgraduate Program, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, Mexico.
| | - Guillermo Espinosa Reyes
- Center for Applied Research in Environmental Health, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi 78210, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Flores Ramírez
- Center for Applied Research in Environmental Health, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi 78210, Mexico
| | - Patricia Ramírez Romero
- Hydrobiology Department, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, Mexico
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28
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Chen H, Wang S, Guo H, Lin H, Zhang Y. A nationwide assessment of litter on China's beaches using citizen science data. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 258:113756. [PMID: 31855673 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
China is the largest plastic consumer in the world. Despite its plastic waste import ban in 2017, this populous economy inevitably generates a large amount of waste, including plastic waste, a considerable part of which has become marine litter. Data from the 2018 National Coastal Cleanup and Monitoring Project, the largest beach litter monitoring activities using the citizen science approach in China, have been retrieved and analyzed to understand spatial patterns, composition, and original usage of marine litter. Within this project, 24 beaches were surveyed every two months. As a result, the mean density was 3.85 ± 5.39 items m-2, much higher than that reported by previous studies in China. There were great differences in the spatial distribution of litter. The highest densities appeared in the runoff-affected area of the Yangtze River, which was another difference from previous studies. Low-density, easy-to-transport foamed plastics were the major contributor to marine litter in these areas. Along China's coast, approximately 90% of litter was from land-based sources, and over half of that originated from domestic sources. Including foamed plastic products, plastic litter with low recycling value dominated. Both natural and human factors influencing the spatiotemporal distribution and composition of litter are discussed. Socioeconomic factors, such as the lifestyle and consumption levels of citizens and local waste management systems, are possible explanations for the low-value characteristic of marine litter. The deviation between previous data and citizen science data in this study may be caused by many factors. Based on the discussion on these factors, some suggestions for citizen science research in China are also put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhe Chen
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, No. 178, Daxue Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China.
| | - Sumin Wang
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, No. 178, Daxue Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China.
| | - Huige Guo
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, No. 178, Daxue Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China.
| | - Hui Lin
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, No. 178, Daxue Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China.
| | - Yuanbiao Zhang
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, No. 178, Daxue Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China.
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29
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Evaluation of biological degradation of polyurethanes. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 39:107457. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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30
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Gleason FH, Allerstorfer M, Lilje O. Newly emerging diseases of marine turtles, especially sea turtle egg fusariosis (SEFT), caused by species in the Fusarium solani complex (FSSC). Mycology 2020; 11:184-194. [PMID: 33062381 PMCID: PMC7534349 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2019.1710303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea turtles are presently considered severely endangered species that are historically threatened by many environmental factors. Recently, additional threats to sea turtles from two pathogenic species of fungi in the Fusarium solani species complex (F. falciforme and F. keratoplasticum) have been identified. These species infect marine turtle eggs, causing sea turtle egg fusariosis, and kill their embryos, with recent reports of hatch-failure in seven globally distributed species of endangered sea turtles (Caretta caretta, Chelonia mydas, Dermochelys coriaceae, Eretmochelys imbricata, Lepidochelys olivacea, Lepidochelys kempi and Natator depressus). Mycelia and spores of pathogenic species of Fusarium are produced in disturbed terrestrial soils and are transported to the ocean in coastal run off. We propose that these fungi grow on floating particles of plant tissues (leaves and wood), animal tissues, silt and plastics, which are carried by wind and currents and the turtles themselves to the beaches where the turtles lay their eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank H Gleason
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Monika Allerstorfer
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Osu Lilje
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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31
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Singh RR, Rajnarayanan R, Aga DS. Binding of iodinated contrast media (ICM) and their transformation products with hormone receptors: Are ICM the new EDCs? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 692:32-36. [PMID: 31336298 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Iodinated contrast media (ICM) have been detected at high concentrations (as high as about 3 μg/L) in surface water systems, and recently in fish brains and gonad. The mismatch between the polarity of ICM and the high lipid content of brain raises questions on whether their bioaccumulation is receptor-mediated. Furthermore, the structural similarity of ICM to the natural thyroid hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine suggest potential binding of ICM to nuclear receptors in the endocrine system. Therefore, an in silico approach based on Surflex-Dock module of SYBYL was used to investigate the molecular docking of selected ICM (diatrizoic acid, iohexol, iopamidol, and iopromide). These ICM showed interaction with nuclear receptors that play key roles in endocrine regulation, including the androgen and estrogen receptors. Furthermore, the results indicate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARg) as one of the viable targets in the endocrine disrupting potential of ICM with higher Cscores for the ICM and iopromide transformation products than the reference ligand for the receptor. The data obtained from in silico calculations showed stronger binding of iohexol to the transthyretin-binding pocket compared to the natural hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine, suggesting the potential of ICM to act as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randolph R Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States
| | - Rajendram Rajnarayanan
- Department of Basic Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Jonesboro, AR 72467, United States
| | - Diana S Aga
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States.
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32
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Swindall JE, Ober HK, Lamont MM, Carthy RR. Informing sea turtle outreach efforts to maximize effectiveness. WILDLIFE SOC B 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E. Swindall
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and ConservationUniversity of Florida P.O. Box 110430 Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Holly K. Ober
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and ConservationUniversity of Florida 155 Research Road Quincy FL 32351 USA
| | - Margaret M. Lamont
- U.S. Geological SurveyWetland and Aquatic Research Center 7920 NW 71st Street Gainesville FL 32653 USA
| | - Raymond R. Carthy
- U.S. Geological SurveyFlorida Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit P.O. Box 110485 Gainesville FL 32611 USA
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33
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Chen H, Wang S, Guo H, Lin H, Zhang Y, Long Z, Huang H. Study of marine debris around a tourist city in East China: Implication for waste management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 676:278-289. [PMID: 31048159 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Marine debris characterization is fundamental for developing policies aiming at ending the flow of marine debris at the source. China has the largest coastal population in the world. For this emerging economy, the sources of debris might be different from those in regions at different developmental stages. As a typical coastal tourist city and a special economic zone in East China, there are multiple sources of marine debris continuously produced around Xiamen. Marine debris characterization here could provide insights into regulatory measures. Therefore, the abundance and composition of marine debris around Xiamen were investigated. Average densities of floating, beached, benthic macro-debris and floating microplastics (0.5 mm - 5 mm) were 3963 ± 2027 items km-2, 0.13 ± 0.08 items m-2, 20,274 ± 15,873 items km-2 and 36,455 ± 33,935 items km-2, respectively. Based on the Clean Coast Indexes, the beaches investigated were supposed to be "very clean" most of the time (73.2% ± 34.9%). Wastes with low value for recycling/reuse, such as grocery bags, ropes, and foams, were the main items of marine debris in the study area. Both domestic sources from the upstream and local fishing/aquaculture activities significantly contributed to marine debris. Obvious regional differences in benthic debris categories could be explained by both natural factors and the rural-urban gap in economic levels, waste-management strategies and infrastructure. These might be common features in this emerging market and densely populated economy. The findings provide insights into the sources of mismanaged waste around this tourist city and some neglected deficiencies in China's current solid waste management system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhe Chen
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, No. 178, Daxue Road, Siming District, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China.
| | - Sumin Wang
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, No. 178, Daxue Road, Siming District, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Huige Guo
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, No. 178, Daxue Road, Siming District, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, No. 178, Daxue Road, Siming District, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Yuanbiao Zhang
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, No. 178, Daxue Road, Siming District, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Zouxia Long
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, No. 178, Daxue Road, Siming District, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Haining Huang
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, No. 178, Daxue Road, Siming District, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
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Garrison SR, Fuentes MMPB. Marine debris at nesting grounds used by the Northern Gulf of Mexico loggerhead recovery unit. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 139:59-64. [PMID: 30686449 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic marine debris (AMD) can cause obstructions for nesting marine turtles and hatchlings, increase their exposure to toxicants, and potentially alter the incubating environment of clutches. Given the potential impacts of AMD on marine turtles, this study provides baseline information on the abundance and distribution of AMD at the ten highest density nesting beaches in Florida used by the Northern Gulf of Mexico Loggerhead Recovery Unit. Monitoring for AMD at nesting beaches was conducted in 2017 following protocols from the International Coastal Cleanup. AMD was present at all the nesting beaches, with the majority of AMD observed at the westernmost sites beginning with St. Joseph Peninsula State Park (363 AMD/km) with a gradual decrease of abundance to the easternmost site, Alligator Point (16 AMD/km). Plastic and foam items accounted for 92% (n = 13,566) of all AMD found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R Garrison
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, North Woodward Avenue, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4320, USA
| | - Mariana M P B Fuentes
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, North Woodward Avenue, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4320, USA.
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Lin W, Li X, Yang M, Lee K, Chen B, Zhang BH. Brominated Flame Retardants, Microplastics, and Biocides in the Marine Environment: Recent Updates of Occurrence, Analysis, and Impacts. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2018; 81:167-211. [PMID: 30471656 DOI: 10.1016/bs.amb.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants (ECs) may pose adverse effects on the marine ecosystem and human health. Based on the analysis of publications filed in recent years, this paper provides a comprehensive overview on three prominent groups of ECs, i.e., brominated flame retardants, microplastics, and biocides. It includes detailed discussions on: (1) the occurrence of ECs in seawater, sediment, and biota; (2) analytical detection and monitoring approaches for these target ECs; and (3) the biological impacts of the ECs on humans and other trophic levels. This review provides a summary of recent advances in the field and remaining knowledge gaps to address, to enable the assessment of risk and support the development of regulations and mitigation technologies for the control of ECs in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyun Lin
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Xixi Li
- The Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Min Yang
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Kenneth Lee
- Ecosystem Science, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bing Chen
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Baiyu Helen Zhang
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada.
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Jung MR, Balazs GH, Work TM, Jones TT, Orski SV, Rodriguez C V, Beers KL, Brignac KC, Hyrenbach KD, Jensen BA, Lynch JM. Polymer Identification of Plastic Debris Ingested by Pelagic-Phase Sea Turtles in the Central Pacific. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:11535-11544. [PMID: 30207718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pelagic Pacific sea turtles eat relatively large quantities of plastic (median 5 g in gut). Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, we identified the polymers ingested by 37 olive ridley, 9 green, and 4 loggerhead turtles caught as bycatch in Hawaii- and American Samoa-based longline fisheries. Unidentifiable samples were analyzed using high-temperature size exclusion chromatography with multiple detectors and/or X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Regardless of species differences in dive depths and foraging strategies, ingested plastics were primarily low-density, floating polymers (51% low-density polyethylene (LDPE), 26% polypropylene (PP), 10% unknown polyethylene (PE), and 5% high-density PE collectively). Albeit not statistically significant, deeper diving and deeper captured olive ridley turtles ate proportionally more plastics expected to sink (3.9%) than intermediate-diving green (1.2%) and shallow-diving loggerhead (0.3%) turtles. Spatial, but no sex, size, year, or hook depth differences were observed in polymer composition. LDPE and PP, some of the most produced and least recycled polymers worldwide, account for the largest percentage of plastic eaten by sea turtles in this region. These novel data inform managers about the threat of plastic ingestion to sea turtles and may motivate development of more environmentally friendly practices for plastic production, use, and waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R Jung
- College of Natural and Computational Sciences , Hawai'i Pacific University , Kaneohe , Hawai'i 96744 , United States
| | - George H Balazs
- Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center , National Marine Fisheries Service , Honolulu , Hawai'i 96818 , United States
| | - Thierry M Work
- National Wildlife Health Center, Honolulu Field Station , U.S. Geological Survey , Honolulu , Hawai'i 96818 , United States
| | - T Todd Jones
- Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center , National Marine Fisheries Service , Honolulu , Hawai'i 96818 , United States
| | - Sara V Orski
- Materials Science and Engineering Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Viviana Rodriguez C
- Materials Science and Engineering Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Kathryn L Beers
- Materials Science and Engineering Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Kayla C Brignac
- School of Ocean, Earth Science, and Technology , University of Hawai'i at Manoa , Honolulu , Hawai'i 96822 , United States
| | - K David Hyrenbach
- College of Natural and Computational Sciences , Hawai'i Pacific University , Kaneohe , Hawai'i 96744 , United States
| | - Brenda A Jensen
- College of Natural and Computational Sciences , Hawai'i Pacific University , Kaneohe , Hawai'i 96744 , United States
| | - Jennifer M Lynch
- College of Natural and Computational Sciences , Hawai'i Pacific University , Kaneohe , Hawai'i 96744 , United States
- Chemical Sciences Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology , 41-202 Kalanianaole Highway , Waimanalo , Hawai'i 96795 , United States
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Teófilo Pignati M, Costa De Souza L, de Alcântara Mendes R, de Oliveira Lima M, Antonio Pignati W, Carlos Brito Pezzuti J. Levels of organochlorine pesticides in Amazon turtle (Podocnemis unifilis) in the Xingu River, Brazil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2018; 53:810-816. [PMID: 30199320 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2018.1505077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to the toxicity and high environmental persistence of organochlorine pesticides in aquatic organisms, turtles have been studied as environment biomonitors. These animals are important sources of protein for the riverside and indigenous peoples of the Brazilian amazon. In the present study, organochlorine pesticide contamination was investigated in Podocnemis unifilis. Liver, muscle and fatty tissue samples were removed from 50 specimens collected from five sampling points located in the Xingu River basin. Fourteen organochlorine pesticides were analysed via gas chromatography with an electron capture detector (CG-ECD). Eight organochlorine pesticides were detected with average concentrations of ∑DDT, ∑Endossulfan and ∑HCH which were 26.17 ± 26.35, 14.38 ± 23.77 and 1.39 ± 8.46 ng g-1 in moisture content, respectively. DDT compounds were the most predominant, with a greater concentration of pp'-DDT in the liver and pp'-DDD in the muscle. Significant differences were noted between the types of tissues studied, and the concentration of OCPs varied between sampling sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Teófilo Pignati
- a Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia Universidade Federal do Pará e Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi/CZO , Belém , Brazil
| | - Larissa Costa De Souza
- b I nstituto Evandro Chagas, Seção de Meio Ambiente , Laboratório de Toxicologia , Ananindeua , Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo de Oliveira Lima
- b I nstituto Evandro Chagas, Seção de Meio Ambiente , Laboratório de Toxicologia , Ananindeua , Brazil
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