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Gülegen B, Noori AA, Tasdemir Y. Urban air PCDD/Fs: Atmospheric concentrations, temporal changes, gas/particle partitioning, possible sources and cancer risks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173231. [PMID: 38761941 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) are pollutants of concern due to their toxic effects. No active sampling study on PCDD/Fs has been conducted in Bursa. This study aimed to fill this gap by measuring PCDD/F levels in the region. Accordingly, the samples were collected from an urban area in Bursa, covering four seasons between June 2022 and April 2023. The total (gas+particulate) ambient air concentrations were between 312.23 and 829.80 fg/m3 (mean: 555.05 ± 173.62 fg/m3). In terms of toxic equivalents (TEQ), the average concentration was 43.29 ± 9.18 fg WHOTEQ/m3. Based on the concentration values obtained, cancer and non-carcinogenic risk values of PCDD/Fs were calculated for three different age groups. The results indicated negligible health risks for all age groups. In addition, a seasonal assessment was also made and it was observed that PCDD/F concentration values varied with the ambient air temperatures. In general, higher values were measured in colder months compared to warmer months. This was probably due to the additional sources and adverse meteorological conditions. Moreover, the gas/particle partitioning of PCDD/Fs was investigated in detail. The average gas and particulate phase concentrations for PCDD/Fs were 101.81 ± 20.77 and 453.24 ± 172.50, respectively. It was found that an equilibrium state was not reached in the gas/particle partitioning. Two different gas/particle partition models based on adsorption and absorption mechanisms were compared, and the absorption model gave more consistent predictions. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to identify the possible PCDD/F sources. The results indicated that the region was influenced by vehicle emissions, residential heating, organized industrial zones and metal recycling facilities. In addition, 72-hour backward air mass trajectory analyses were performed to understand the long-range transported air masses. However, it was found that the transported air masses did not significantly affect the concentration values measured in the sampling site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berke Gülegen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Nilüfer/Bursa, Turkey
| | - Abdul Alim Noori
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Nilüfer/Bursa, Turkey
| | - Yücel Tasdemir
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Nilüfer/Bursa, Turkey.
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Rovira J, González N, Nadal M, Domingo JL, Schuhmacher M. Air concentrations of trace elements in a municipality under the influence of Tarragona petrochemical complex: Human health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 243:117859. [PMID: 38070854 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
One of the largest petrochemical complexes of southern Europe is located in Tarragona County (Catalonia, Spain). Despite environmental monitoring is routinely conducted in the area, the long-term occurrence of airborne trace elements has been poorly investigated. In the present study, the concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and vanadium (V) were analysed in air samples collected in El Morell, a town potentially impacted by the petrochemical. Air samples were simultaneously collected in the town of Cambrils, as a background site. Meteorological data and retro trajectories analysis were used to evaluate the impact of the petrochemical industry on the levels of trace elements in air. Subsequently, human health risks due to inhalation exposure to the trace elements were also assessed. Except for V, air concentrations were significantly higher near the oil refinery than the background levels. Human health risks were also estimated to be higher in the vicinity of the petrochemical complex. In turn, air inhalation of Pb and V was higher than their dietary intakes. The present data should be considered only as preliminary, since the sampling was taken during only three weeks, which is an insufficient period to extract reliable conclusions. Further long-term studies should be focused on assessing the influence of temporary variables, such as meteorological conditions and fugitive or sporadic emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Rovira
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204, Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Neus González
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Martí Nadal
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
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Khajooee N, Modabberi S, Khoshmanesh Zadeh B, Razavian F, Gayà-Caro N, Sierra J, Rovira J. Contamination level, spatial distribution, and sources of potentially toxic elements in indoor settled household dusts in Tehran, Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:56. [PMID: 38270787 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01838-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Tehran, the capital city of Iran, has been facing air pollution for several decades due to rapid urbanization, population growth, improper vehicle use, and the low quality of fuels. In this study, 31 indoor dust samples were collected passively from residential and commercial buildings located in the central and densely populated districts of the city. These samples were analyzed after preparation to measure the concentration of elements (As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, V, Zn). Statistical data analyses were employed to compare their relationship across various uses, variations, and for source identification. Geochemical indices of contamination factor (CF) and pollution load index (PLI) were utilized to evaluate the degree of contamination. The mean concentrations of Zn, Cu, and Pb (938, 206, and 176 µg g-1, respectively) are 6, 5, and 3 times higher than their mean values in worldwide urban soils. Additionally, Cd, Mo, and Ni showed concentrations about 1.5 times higher, while As, Co, Cr, Mn, and Sr fell within the range of reference soils. Be, V, and Sb displayed remarkably lower mean values. Building use did not significantly influence element levels in indoor deposited dust except for Pb and Zn. A comparison of indoor concentrations with previously published data for outdoor dusts revealed higher enrichments of Mo, Cu, Pb, and Ni, while As, Cd, and Zn showed lower enrichments in street dust samples. The order of CF values indicated Hg > Zn > Cd > Pb > Cu > As > Ni > Cr > Co > V. For Hg, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cu, all or almost all samples exhibited very high contamination. PLI values were consistently higher than 1, indicating contamination in all samples. Multivariate statistical analysis and Tehran's specific geological location suggested that mafic-intermediate volcanic rocks are primary sources for Cr, Cu, Fe, and Ni (PC1). As, Pb, and V (PC2) were attributed to fossil fuel combustion in vehicles and residential buildings. Pb is a legacy metal remaining from the use of leaded gasoline, which was phased out in the 1990s. Zn (PC3) is derived from vehicle tires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Khajooee
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soroush Modabberi
- School of Geology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Behnoush Khoshmanesh Zadeh
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Razavian
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nuria Gayà-Caro
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
- Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology - TecnATox, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Sierra
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Barcelona, Joan XXIII s/n Avenue, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology - TecnATox, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Rovira
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Paisos Catalans Avenue 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
- Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology - TecnATox, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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Yu J, Chen C, Wang C, Liu L, Chen H, Li H, Liu Y, Kuang X. Serum PCDD/F levels in metropolitan populations living near a municipal solid waste incinerator in Eastern China. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 346:140549. [PMID: 37890788 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Ambient exposure to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) is suspected to cause adverse human health outcomes. Herein, serum samples from 40 residents in the neighborhood of a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) in the metropolitan area were measured for PCDD/Fs. The mean toxic equivalent (TEQ) concentration of total PCDD/Fs in human serum samples was 16.8 pg TEQ/g lipid. Serum PCDD/F levels were significantly higher in residents adjacent to the MSWI than in those from areas far from the emission source (p < 0.01). In addition, there were no significant associations between serum PCDD/Fs levels and factors, such as gender, age, and BMI in donors. For non-occupationally exposed populations, OCDD and 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD in serum are available as indicators of total PCDD/Fs and total TEQ, respectively. The atmospheric PCDD/Fs levels were within a relatively low range in areas upwind and downwind of the MSWI. The results of the principal component analysis showed a distinct difference in PCDD/F congener patterns between air and serum samples, suggesting inhalation exposure could have a limited influence on the human body burden. Our findings will deepen the current knowledge of endogenous PCDD/F exposure in urban populations, and also facilitate public health protection strategies near MSWIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China.
| | - Chao Chen
- Institute for Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Chen Wang
- Institute for Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Lvye Liu
- SEP Analytical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. Shanghai 201100, PR China
| | - Hong Chen
- Yangpu Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200090, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China; Institute for Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Yongdi Liu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China.
| | - Xingya Kuang
- Yangpu Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200090, PR China.
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Santa-Marina L, Barroeta Z, Irizar A, Alvarez JI, Abad E, Muñoz-Arnanz J, Jiménez B, Ibarluzea J, Urbieta N, Jimeno-Romero A, Zubero MB, Lertxundi A. Characterization of PCDD/F and dl-PCB levels in air in Gipuzkoa (Basque Country, Spain). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 228:115901. [PMID: 37072078 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This research examines the levels and trends of pollutants, specifically 17 congeners of PCDD/Fs and 12 dl-PCBs, in the air measured in the province of Gipuzkoa (Basque Country, Spain). The study used PCDD/Fs, dl-PCB, and the sum of dioxin-like compounds as separate response variables. A total of 113 air samples were collected and analyzed using the method described in the European Standard (EN-1948:2006) from two industrial areas. The results were analyzed using non-parametric test to assess the variability of these pollutants based on different factors (year, season and day of the week) and General Linear Models to assess the weight of each factor. The study found that the toxic equivalents (TEQs) for PCDD/Fs were 12.29 fg TEQm-3 and for dl-PCBs were 1.63 fg TEQm-3, which were in a similar range or lower than those observed in other national and international studies in industrial areas. The results showed temporal variations, with higher levels of PCDD/Fs in autumn-winter than in spring-summer and higher levels of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs during weekdays than on weekends. The industrial area where the energy recovery plant (ERP) will be located had higher levels of air pollutants due to the presence of two PCDD/Fs emitting industries nearby, as indicated by the Spanish Registry of Polluting Emission Sources. Both industrial areas showed similar profiles of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs, with the PCDD/F profiles dominated by OCDD, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD, and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF in terms of concentrations and 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD, 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, and 2,3,7,8-TCDD in terms of TEQs. The dl-PCB profiles were dominated by PCB 118, PCB 105, and PCB 77 in terms of concentrations and PCB 126 in terms of TEQs. The findings of this study can serve as an indicator of the potential impact of ERP on the health of the resident population and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreto Santa-Marina
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain S/n, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain; Department of Health of the Basque Government, Subdirectorate of Public Health of Gipuzkoa, Avenida Navarra 4, 20013, San Sebastian, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ziortza Barroeta
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain S/n, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain; Department of Preventative Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Amaia Irizar
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain S/n, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventative Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jon Iñaki Alvarez
- Public Health Laboratory of the Basque Government, Bizkaia Technology Park, Ibaizabal Bidea, Building 502, 48160 Derio Spain
| | - Esteban Abad
- Laboratory of Dioxins, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Muñoz-Arnanz
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Ibarluzea
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain S/n, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain; Department of Health of the Basque Government, Subdirectorate of Public Health of Gipuzkoa, Avenida Navarra 4, 20013, San Sebastian, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20008, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Nerea Urbieta
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain S/n, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Alba Jimeno-Romero
- Department of Preventative Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Miren Begoña Zubero
- Department of Preventative Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Aitana Lertxundi
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain S/n, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventative Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
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Shomar B, Sankaran R, Solano JR. Mapping of trace elements in topsoil of arid areas and assessment of ecological and human health risks in Qatar. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 225:115456. [PMID: 36796603 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil is the incubator of human activities. Mapping of soil contaminants needs to be constantly updated. It is fragile in arid regions, especially if it accompanies dramatic and successive industrial and urban activities in addition to the climate change. Contaminants affecting soil are changing due to natural and anthropogenic influences. Sources, transport and impacts of trace elements including toxic heavy metals need continuous investigations. We sampled soil in accessible sites in the State of Qatar. An inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were used to determine the concentrations of Ag, Al, As, Ba, C, Ca, Ce, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, Fe, Gd, Ho, K, La, Lu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nd, Ni, Pb, Pr, S, Se, Sm, Sr, Tb, Tm, U, V, Yb and Zn. The study also presents new maps for the spatial distribution of these elements using the World Geodetic System 1984 (projected on UTM Zone 39N) which is based on socio-economic development and land use planning. The study assessed the ecological risks and human health risks of these elements in soil. The calculations showed no ecological risks associated with the tested elements in soil. However, the contamination factor (CF) for Sr (CF > 6) in two sampling locations calls for further investigations. More important, human health risks were not detected for population living in Qatar and the results were within the acceptable range of the international standards (hazard quotient HQ < 1 and Cancer risk between 10-5 and 10-6). Soil remains a critical component with water and food nexus. In Qatar and arid regions, fresh water is absent and soil is very poor. Our findings enhance the establishment of scientific strategies for investigating soil pollution and potential risks to achieve food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basem Shomar
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Rajendran Sankaran
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Joaquim Rovira Solano
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Paisos Catalans Avenue 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
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Yu J, Li H, Liu Y, Wang C. PCDD/Fs in indoor environments of residential communities around a municipal solid waste incineration plant in East China: Occurrence, sources, and cancer risks. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 174:107902. [PMID: 37031517 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) can pose several adverse outcomes on human health. However, there is limited information on public health associated with indoor PCDD/F exposure in residential environments. Here, we examined PCDD/F concentrations in indoor air and indoor dust samples obtained from households near a municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) plant. Our measurements revealed that the toxic equivalent (TEQ) concentrations of PCDD/Fs in indoor air ranged from 0.01 to 0.05 pg TEQ/m3, which were below intervention thresholds (0.6 pg TEQ/m3). Additionally, the TEQ concentrations of PCDD/Fs in indoor dust ranged from 0.30 to 11.56 ng TEQ/kg. Higher PCDD/F levels were found in household dust in the town of Taopu compared to those in the town of Changzheng. Principal component analysis (PCA) of PCDD/Fs suggested that waste incineration was the primary source of PCDD/Fs in indoor air, whereas PCDD/Fs in indoor dust came from multiple sources. The results of the health risk assessment showed the carcinogenic risk due to indoor PCDD/F exposure was higher for adults than for nursery children and primary school children. The carcinogenic risks of PCDD/Fs for age groups residing near the MSWI plant were all less than the risk threshold (10-5). Our findings will help to better understand the levels of PCDD/F exposure among urban populations living in residential communities around the MSWI plant and to formulate corresponding control measures to reduce probabilistic risk implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Institute for Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
| | - Yongdi Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Chen Wang
- Institute for Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
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Faragó T, Špirová V, Blažeková P, Lalinská-Voleková B, Macek J, Jurkovič Ľ, Vítková M, Hiller E. Environmental and health impacts assessment of long-term naturally-weathered municipal solid waste incineration ashes deposited in soil-old burden in Bratislava city, Slovakia. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13605. [PMID: 36873465 PMCID: PMC9976324 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) is an effective method for reducing the volume/mass of waste. However, MSWI ashes contain high concentrations of many substances, including trace metal (loid)s, that could be released into the environment and contaminate soils and groundwater. In this study, attention was focused on the site near the municipal solid waste incinerator where MSWI ashes are deposited on the surface without any control. Here, combined results (chemical and mineralogical analyses, leaching tests, speciation modelling, groundwater chemistry and human health risk assessment) are presented to assess the impact of MSWI ash on the surrounding environment. The mineralogy of ∼forty years old MSWI ash was diverse, and quartz, calcite, mullite, apatite, hematite, goethite, amorphous glasses and several Cu-bearing minerals (e.g. malachite, brochantite) were commonly detected. In general, the total concentrations of metal (loid)s in MSWI ashes were high, following the order: Zn (6731 mg/kg) > Ba (1969 mg/kg) ≈ Mn (1824 mg/kg) > Cu (1697 mg/kg) > Pb (1453 mg/kg) > Cr (247 mg/kg) > Ni (132 mg/kg) > Sb (59.4 mg/kg) > As (22.9 mg/kg) ≈ Cd (20.6 mg/kg). Cadmium, Cr, Cu, Pb, Sb and Zn exceeded the indication or even intervention criteria for industrial soils defined by the Slovak legislation. Batch leaching experiments with diluted citric and oxalic acids that simulate the leaching of chemical elements under rhizosphere conditions documented low dissolved fractions of metals (0.00-2.48%) in MSWI ash samples, showing their high geochemical stability. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were below the threshold values of 1.0 and 1 × 10-6, respectively, with soil ingestion being the most important exposure route for workers. The groundwater chemistry was unaffected by deposited MSWI ashes. This study may be useful in determining the environmental risks of trace metal (loid)s in weathered MSWI ashes that are loosely deposited on the soil surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Faragó
- Department of Geochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Špirová
- Department of Geochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Petra Blažeková
- Department of Geochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | | | - Juraj Macek
- Department of Geochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,The Center of Environmental Services, Ltd., Kutlíkova 17, 852 50 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ľubomír Jurkovič
- Department of Geochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Martina Vítková
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Edgar Hiller
- Department of Geochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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9
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Ma W, Cui J, Abdoulaye B, Wang Y, Du H, Bourtsalas AC, Chen G. Air Pollutant Emission Inventory of Waste-to-Energy Plants in China and Prediction by the Artificial Neural Network Approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:874-883. [PMID: 36172640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The waste-to-energy (WTE) plant has been deployed in 205 cities in China. However, it always faces public resistance to be built because of the great concerns on flue gas pollutants (FGPs). There are limited studies on the socioeconomic heterogeneity analysis and prediction models of WTE capacity/ FGP emission inventories (EIs) based on big data. In this study, the incinerator level emission factors (EFs) in 2020 of PM, SO2, NOx, CO, HCl, dioxins, Hg, Cd + Tl, and Sb + As+ Pb + Cr + Co + Cu + Mn + Ni were calculated based on 322,926 monitoring values of all the 481 WTE plants (1140 processing lines) operating in China, with uncertainties in the range of ±34.70%. The EFs were significantly 45-96% lower than the national standard (GB18485-2014) and had negative relationships with local socioeconomic elements, while WTE capacity and FGP EIs had significantly positive correlations. Gross domestic product, area of built district, and municipal solid waste generation were the main driving forces of WTE capacity. The WTE capacity increased by 150% from 2015 to 2020, while the total emission of PM, SO2, CO, dioxins, Hg, and Sb + As + Pb + Cr + Co + Cu + Mn + Ni decreased by 42.46-88.24%. The artificial neural network models were established to predict WTE capacity and FGP EIs in the city level, with the mean square errors ranging from 0.003 to 0.19 within the model validation limits. This study provides data and model support for the formulation of appropriate WTE plans and a pollutant emission control scheme in different economic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Grade Energy (MoE)/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass-wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Earth Engineering Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jicui Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Grade Energy (MoE)/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass-wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Boré Abdoulaye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Grade Energy (MoE)/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass-wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Grade Energy (MoE)/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass-wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Huibin Du
- College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | | | - Guanyi Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Grade Energy (MoE)/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass-wastes Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850012, China
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10
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Shen H, Han J, Guan R, Cai D, Zheng Y, Meng Z, Chen Q, Li J, Wu Y. Use of different endpoints to determine the bioavailability of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20433. [PMID: 36443388 PMCID: PMC9705297 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver, fat (adipose tissue), blood, and feces are common endpoints used to determine the bioavailability of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). However, it is not known whether the bioavailability of each endpoints is comparable or whether there is a comprehensive endpoint that can be used for all congeners for the measurement of bioavailability. In this study, we observed the accumulation and distribution of 10 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) and 18 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in different organs of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and calculated the bioavailability based on feces, liver, and fat endpoints. Our results indicated that PCB 126, PCB 169, and 50% of PCDD/F congeners were mainly accumulated in the liver, with a bioavailability ranging from 28.9 to 50.6%. On the other hand, higher chlorinated (> 5 Cl) PCB congeners were mainly accumulated in adipose tissues, with a bioavailability ranging from 20.1 to 82.2%, while lower chlorinated (< 5 Cl) pollutants, such as 2,3,7,8-TeCDF, 2,3,7,8-TeCDD, 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF, and PCB 28, 52, 77, 81, were likely metabolized over 36% in rats during the 8-week experimental period. If we considered metabolization (degradation) as a type of bioavailable process, then the fecal endpoint was a feasible option. However, if we considered the selective accumulation behavior of some congeners in different organs/tissues, then there was no single comprehensive endpoint suitable for all congeners. Lastly, female rats showed significantly higher PCDD bioavailability than male rats at low dose level (0.2 ng/100 g b.w./d); however, the difference in PCB bioavailability between female and male rats was not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Shen
- grid.433871.aZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051 China
| | - Jianlong Han
- grid.433871.aZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051 China
| | - Rongfa Guan
- grid.469325.f0000 0004 1761 325XCollege of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 China
| | - Delei Cai
- grid.433871.aZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051 China
| | - Yibin Zheng
- grid.433871.aZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051 China
| | - Zhen Meng
- grid.433871.aZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051 China
| | - Qing Chen
- grid.433871.aZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051 China
| | - Jingguang Li
- grid.464207.30000 0004 4914 5614NHC Key Laboratory Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (2019RU014 Food Safety), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Building 2, Guangqu Road 37, Beijing, 100022 China
| | - Yongning Wu
- grid.464207.30000 0004 4914 5614NHC Key Laboratory Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (2019RU014 Food Safety), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Building 2, Guangqu Road 37, Beijing, 100022 China
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11
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Xiao Q, Lü Z, Zhu Z, Zhang D, Shen J, Huang M, Chen X, Yang J, Huang X, Rao M, Lu S. Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the associations with oxidative stress in waste incineration plant workers from South China. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135251. [PMID: 35688192 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Waste incineration is one of the most common emission sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), causing potential occupational exposure in waste incineration workers. However, relative investigations among waste incineration plant workers are still very limited, particularly in China. Therefore, we collected urine specimens from 77 workers in a waste incineration plant as the exposed group, and 101 residents as the control group in Shenzhen, China. Nine mono-hydroxylated PAH metabolites (OH-PAHs) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were measured, and their internal relationships were explored. The urinary levels of most OH-PAHs and 8-OHdG in the exposed group exhibited high levels versus another group (p < 0.05). We found negative associations between OH-PAHs and 8-OHdG in the control group (p < 0.05), while most of OH-PAHs were not associated with 8-OHdG in the exposed group, which indicated that the exposure to waste incineration could enlarge the level of individual oxidative stress damage. Nevertheless, PAHs were less likely to trigger obvious health risks in exposed workers through estimation of human intake and exposure risks. This study provides a reference for occupational PAH exposure and strengthen the need of health monitoring among incineration workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinru Xiao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanlu Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junchun Shen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Huang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jialei Yang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manting Rao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoyou Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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12
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Bo X, Guo J, Wan R, Jia Y, Yang Z, Lu Y, Wei M. Characteristics, correlations and health risks of PCDD/Fs and heavy metals in surface soil near municipal solid waste incineration plants in Southwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 298:118816. [PMID: 35016984 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As primary anthropogenic emission source of toxic pollutants such as heavy metals and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration has caused worldwide concern. However, a comprehensive analysis of the pollution characteristics and health risks of PCDD/Fs and heavy metals in soils around MSW incineration plants is lacking. In this study, 17 PCDD/Fs and 11 heavy metals in soil samples collected near MSW incineration plants in Sichuan province were investigated to evaluate their pollution characteristics and potential health risk. Sichuan was selected as the study area because the MSW incineration amount in this province ranks first among all inland provinces in China. The PCDD/Fs concentrations ranged from 0.30 to 7.50 ng I-TEQ/kg, which were significantly below risk screening and intervention thresholds. Regarding heavy metals, principal component analysis suggested that Hg, Pb and Zn were the primary metals emitted from the MSW incineration plants. Cluster analysis of PCDD/Fs and heavy metals showed that of PCDD/Fs homologs and heavy metals (e.g., Hg, Pb, Zn and Cd) were clustered into one group, indicating the coexistence and coaccumulation of heavy metals (especially Hg, Pb, Zn, and Cd) and PCDD/Fs in soil. These heavy metals are thus candidate tracers for PCDD/Fs in soil near MSW incineration plants. A health risk analysis found that the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of PCDD/Fs and heavy metals (except for Ni) in the soil samples were all within acceptable levels. This study provides new insights into correlations and health risks of PCDD/Fs and heavy metals in surface soil near MSW incineration plants. The findings have implications for future studies of environmental and human health risk analysis related to waste incineration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Bo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jing Guo
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ruxing Wan
- School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuling Jia
- Sichuan Environment and Engineering Appraisal Center, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhaoxu Yang
- Zhongke Sanqing Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yong Lu
- Pony Testing International Group Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Min Wei
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China.
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13
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Song A, Li H, Liu M, Peng P, Hu J, Sheng G, Ying G. Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PBDD/Fs) in soil around municipal solid waste incinerator: A comparison with polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 293:118563. [PMID: 34838709 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PBDD/Fs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) share similar toxicities and thermal origins, e.g., municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI). Recently, PBDD/Fs from MSWI attracted rising concern because their important precursors, i.e., brominated flame retardants (BFRs), were frequently found in various wastes for landfill or MSWI feedstock. So far, however, little is known about PBDD/Fs and their associated risks in the vicinal environments of MSWI. Here we analyzed PBDD/Fs and PCDD/Fs in 29 soil samples collected around a multiyear large-scale MSWI, and compared their spatial distributions, sources and risks. PBDD/Fs demonstrated comparable concentrations and toxic equivalent quantities (TEQs) to PCDD/Fs in these samples. Spatially, both the concentrations of PBDD/Fs and PCDD/Fs decreased outwards from the MSWI, and exhibited significant linear correlations with the distances from the MSWI in the southeast downwind soil, suggesting the influence of the MSWI on its vicinal soil environment. However, the existence of other dioxin sources concealed its influence beyond 6 km. PBDD/Fs in the soils were characterized by highly-brominated PBDFs, especially Octa-BDF, and their sources were diagnosed as the MSWI and diesel exhaust; PCDD/Fs, however, were dominated by highly-chlorinated PCDDs, particularly Octa-CDD, and were contributed individually or jointly by the MSWI, automobile exhaust and pentachlorophenol (PCP)/Na-PCP. The non-carcinogenic risks of dioxins in all the soil samples were acceptable, but their carcinogenic risks in 17% of the samples were unacceptable. These samples were all located close to the MSWI and highways, therefore, the land use of these two high-risk zones should be cautiously planed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huiru Li
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Mingyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ping'an Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - JianFang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Guoying Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Guangguo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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14
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Xu S, Liu W, Liu GB, Wang S, Li C, Pan K. Occurrence, Human Exposure, and Risk Assessment of Polybrominated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated Naphthalenes, and Metals in Atmosphere Around Industrial Parks in Jiangsu, China. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 106:683-689. [PMID: 33590262 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03141-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Air samples were collected around industrial parks in Jiangsu, China, to allow the concentrations, profiles, and risk assessment of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), and metals to be investigated. The concentrations of ΣPBDD/Fs and ΣPCNs were 1324.26-2080.98 fg/m3 (11.35-42.57 fg I-TEQ/m3) and 10,404.9-29,322.9 fg/m3 (1.32-7.19 fg I-TEQ/ m3), respectively. The highest concentration of ΣPBDD/Fs and ΣPCNs were observed at site C. PBDD/Fs were mainly dominated by PBDFs. The main contributor to the ΣPBDD/Fs in all samples was 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpBDF, which accounted for 25.75%-39.4%. For PCNs, the predominating homologues were tetra-, tri- and penta-CNs, which contributed 30.7%-43.3%, 24.7%-31.0%, and 10.6%-21.6%, respectively. As for metals, the pollution of As, Mn, Cr, and Ni in most samples exceeded National Ambient Air Quality Standards of China. Assessing the risk of inhalation exposure showed that there were potential carcinogenic risks to local residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Xu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210036, Jiangsu, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Road 163, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guang-Bing Liu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210036, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210036, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Road 163, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ke Pan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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15
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López A, Coscollà C, Hernández CS, Pardo O, Yusà V. Dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in the ambient air of the Valencian Region (Spain): Levels, human exposure, and risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 267:128902. [PMID: 33189398 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF), as well as dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs), are listed as persistent organic pollutants in the Stockholm Convention. In this study, we measured their concentrations in the particulate phase (PM10) of the ambient air in seven monitoring stations of the Valencian Community (Spain). A total of 82 samples were collected from different sampling sites: four industrial, two urban, and one remote, from February to December 2019. The total concentrations of the sum of PCDD, PCDF, and dl-PCBs ranged from 2.90 fg TEQ/m3 to 317.98 fg TEQ/m3. Risk assessment for adults and children was performed using both daily and chronic exposure. Each station showed its specific dioxin profile, related to the main productive activities in each area. The daily inhalation dose (DID) in adults and children was lower than the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 1-4 pg WHO TEQ kg-1 b.w. d-1 for dioxins. In the case of chronic exposure, the cancer risk for dioxins and dl-PCBs was estimated at values ranging from 5.27 E-07 to 5.52 E-05. The cancer risk for dioxins and PCBs estimated at the 95th percentile was higher than 1.0 E-06 in all of the industrial and urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio López
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Coscollà
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina S Hernández
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Olga Pardo
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicent Yusà
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020, Valencia, Spain; Public Health Laboratory of Valencia, 21 Avenida Catalunya, 46020, Valencia, Spain.
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16
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Trends of Polychlorinated Compounds in the Surroundings of a Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator in Mataró (Catalonia, Spain): Assessing Health Risks. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8040111. [PMID: 33266363 PMCID: PMC7712533 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8040111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Since 2008, the environmental levels of polychlorinated compounds near a municipal solid waste incinerator in Mataró (Catalonia, Spain) have been periodically monitored. The present study aimed at updating the data regarding the temporal changes occurred between 2015 and 2017, when air and soil samples were collected again, and the concentrations of the same chemical pollutants (i.e., polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)) were analysed. Furthermore, the health risks associated with their human exposure were also evaluated. The levels of all the contaminants in soil were far below the threshold established by regional and national legislations, also being lower than those observed in previous surveys. A similar trend was also noted for PCDD/Fs in air samples, while airborne PCBs were the only group of chemicals whose levels significantly increased. In any case, the global assessment of the data regarding the different pollutants and matrices indicates that there has not been a general increase in the environmental pollution around the facility. In addition, the environmental exposure to PCDD/Fs and PCBs by the population living nearby is still clearly lower than the dietary intake of these same chemical pollutants.
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17
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Domingo JL, Marquès M, Mari M, Schuhmacher M. Adverse health effects for populations living near waste incinerators with special attention to hazardous waste incinerators. A review of the scientific literature. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 187:109631. [PMID: 32460091 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Incinerators of municipal, hazardous and medical wastes are sources of emissions of toxic pollutants, being polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, as well as a number of heavy metals of special concern. Moreover, waste incineration also generates ashes that must be properly disposed. In all countries, waste management is currently being an issue of tremendous importance. While the treatment and disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) is a problem in the entire world, in industrialized countries, the management of hazardous waste (HW) is an additional issue of important concern. While the available scientific information on the environmental impact and the health risks of MSWIs is quite considerable, that related with the potential adverse health effects for the populations living near HWIs is much more reduced. In this paper, we have reviewed the information on health effects-including the incidence of cancer and cancer mortality-for the people residing in the vicinity of HWIs. For a better understanding of the problem, some studies on cancer and other adverse health effects near MSWIs have been also reviewed. Special attention has been paid to the HWI of Constantí (Catalonia, Spain) on which the most complete information among all HWIs in the entire world is available. In our conclusions, a series of important issues/questions are raised: is really safe the limit value of 0.1 ng TEQ/Nm3 for PCDD/Fs to protect human health? Where are the evidences on this? On the other hand, to date, risk assessment studies have been only focused on certain substances; heavy metals and PCDD/Fs. Studies have not included those chemicals that are not routinely analyzed, being even some of them probably unknown right now. Moreover, what about potential interactions among chemicals in order to estimate the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks for the population living near incinerators? Complete epidemiological studies are clearly necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, San Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Montse Marquès
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, San Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Montse Mari
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
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18
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Dietary exposure to total and inorganic arsenic via rice and rice-based products consumption. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 141:111420. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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19
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Characterization and Source Identification of Elements and Water-Soluble Ions in Submicrometre Aerosols in Brno and Šlapanice (Czech Republic). ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11070688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Submicrometre aerosol particles (particulate matter, PM1) were collected in two Czech cities (Brno and Šlapanice) during week campaigns in winter and summer of 2009 and 2010. The aerosols were analysed for 14 elements and 12 water-soluble ions using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry and ion chromatography techniques. The average PM1 mass concentration was 14.4 and 20.4 µg m−3 in Brno and Šlapanice, respectively. Most of the analysed elements and ions exhibit distinct seasonal variability with higher concentrations in winter in comparison to summer. The determined elements and ions together accounted for about 29% of total PM1 mass, ranging between 16% and 44%. Ion species were the most abundant components in collected aerosols, accounting for 27.2% of mass of PM1 aerosols, and elements accounted for 1.8% of mass of PM1 aerosols. One-day backward trajectories were calculated using the Hysplit model to analyse air masses transported towards the sampling sites. The Pearson correlation coefficients between individual PM1 components and PM1 mass and air temperature were calculated. To identify the main aerosol sources, factor analysis was applied. Six factors were identified for each locality. The following sources of PM1 particles were identified in Brno: a municipal incinerator, vehicle exhausts, secondary sulphate, a cement factory, industry and biomass burning. The identified sources in Šlapanice were as follows: a combustion source, coal combustion, a cement factory, a municipal incinerator, vehicle exhausts and industry.
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Lin X, Li M, Chen Z, Chen T, Li X, Wang C, Lu S, Yan J. Long-term monitoring of PCDD/Fs in soils in the vicinity of a hazardous waste incinerator in China: Temporal variations and environmental impacts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 713:136717. [PMID: 32019048 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Campaigns from 2008 to 2016 are carried out to study temporal variations and environmental impacts of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/Fs) in soils in the vicinity of a new hazardous waste incinerator (HWI) in China. Results indicate that after 8-year operation of HWI, the geometrical means of both the total concentrations and the TEQ values of PCDD/Fs in soils decrease from 1280 ng·kg-1 and 3.08 ng WHO-TEQ·kg-1 to 568 ng·kg-1 and 2.70 ng WHO-TEQ·kg-1, respectively, showing generally limited impact on soils within 7.5 km. Temporal changes of PCDD/Fs congener profiles trend to profiles in combustion sources. Considering the whole studied area, results of principal component analysis between soils and emission sources show that instead of HWI, other sources including open burning, traffic, and cement plant are more responsible for PCDD/Fs accumulation. The modeling results of AERMOD indicate the dominant roles of wind velocities and directions on the deposition of PCDD/Fs emitted from HWI. The largest PCDD/Fs increase value in soils predicted by integrating AERMOD and a reservoir model is very limited after 25 years (2.03 × 10-5 ng WHO-TEQ·kg-1), indicating relatively minor impacts of HWI on surrounding soils, but the noticeable impact on area downwind from the stack in short distance (e.g., within 0.5 km) should be recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China; Everbright Environmental Research Institute (Nanjing) Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000, China
| | - Zhiliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China.
| | - Tong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China.
| | - Xiaodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China
| | - Shengyong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China
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Zhou X, Strezov V, Jiang Y, Yang X, Kan T, Evans T. Contamination identification, source apportionment and health risk assessment of trace elements at different fractions of atmospheric particles at iron and steelmaking areas in China. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230983. [PMID: 32240214 PMCID: PMC7117772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
China has the largest share of global iron and steel production, which is considered to play a significant contribution to air pollution. This study aims to investigate trace element contamination at different fractions of particulate matter (PM) at industrial areas in China. Three PM fractions, PM2.1-9.0, PM1.1-2.1 and PM1.1, were collected from areas surrounding iron and steelmaking plants at Kunming, Wuhan, Nanjing and Ningbo in China. Multiple trace elements and their bioavailability, as well as Pb isotopic compositions, were analysed for identification of contaminants, health risk assessment and source apportionment. Results showed that PM particles in the sites near industrial areas were associated with a range of toxic trace elements, specifically As, Cr(VI), Cd and Mn, and posed significant health risks to humans. The isotopic Pb compositions identified that coal and high temperature metallurgical processes in the steelmaking process were the dominant contributors to local air pollution in these sites. In addition to iron and steelmaking activities, traffic emissions and remote pollution also played a contributing role in PM contamination, confirmed by the differences of Pb isotopic compositions at each PM fraction and statistical results from Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE) and Geometrical Analysis for Interactive Aid (GAIA). The results presented in this study provide a comprehensive understanding of PM emissions at iron and steelmaking areas, which helps to guide subsequent updates of air pollution control guidelines to efficiently minimise environmental footprint and ensure long term sustainability of the industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoteng Zhou
- ARC Research Hub for Computational Particle Technology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Vladimir Strezov
- ARC Research Hub for Computational Particle Technology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yijiao Jiang
- ARC Research Hub for Computational Particle Technology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- ARC Research Hub for Computational Particle Technology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tao Kan
- ARC Research Hub for Computational Particle Technology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tim Evans
- ARC Research Hub for Computational Particle Technology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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22
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Di Ciaula A, Gentilini P, Diella G, Lopuzzo M, Ridolfi R. Biomonitoring of Metals in Children Living in an Urban Area and Close to Waste Incinerators. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17061919. [PMID: 32187971 PMCID: PMC7143875 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The impact of waste incinerators is usually examined by measuring environmental pollutants. Biomonitoring has been limited, until now, to few metals and to adults. We explored accumulation of a comprehensive panel of metals in children free-living in an urban area hosting two waste incinerators. Children were divided by georeferentiation in exposed and control groups, and toenail concentrations of 23 metals were thereafter assessed. The percentage of children having toenail metal concentrations above the limit of detection was higher in exposed children than in controls for Al, Ba, Mn, Cu, and V. Exposed children had higher absolute concentrations of Ba, Mn, Cu, and V, as compared with those living in the reference area. The Tobit regression identified living in the exposed area as a significant predictor of Ba, Ni, Cu, Mn, and V concentrations, after adjusting for covariates. The concentrations of Ba, Mn, Ni, and Cu correlated with each other, suggesting a possible common source of emission. Exposure to emissions derived from waste incinerators in an urban setting can lead to body accumulation of specific metals in children. Toenail metal concentration should be considered a noninvasive and adequate biomonitoring tool and an early warning indicator which should integrate the environmental monitoring of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Di Ciaula
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Bisceglie (ASL BAT), 76011 Bisceglie, Italy
- International Society of Doctors for Environment (ISDE), 52100 Arezzo, Italy; (P.G.); (R.R.)
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Patrizia Gentilini
- International Society of Doctors for Environment (ISDE), 52100 Arezzo, Italy; (P.G.); (R.R.)
| | - Giusy Diella
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Study of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Marco Lopuzzo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Study of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Ruggero Ridolfi
- International Society of Doctors for Environment (ISDE), 52100 Arezzo, Italy; (P.G.); (R.R.)
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23
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Zhang C, Li X, Zhou Z. Spatial and temporal variation, source profile of PCDD/Fs in the atmosphere of a municipal waste incinerator in China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 184:109615. [PMID: 31518826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The mass concentrations, toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) concentrations and congener profiles of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in the stack flue gas and ambient air of municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) were monitored in this study to evaluate the levels, emission characteristics, seasonal variation and emission sources of PCDD/Fs. Thirty-one ambient air samples were collected from four sites around MSWI during 2016-2017, and twelve stack flue gas samples were collected from one MSWI. Results showed that the PCDD/Fs concentrations of the stack flue gas ranged from 0.0077 to 0.021 ng I-TEQ/Nm3, with an average value of 0.016 ng I-TEQ/Nm3. The ambient air samples collected in 2016 and 2017 ranged from 0.017 to 0.27, and 0.035-0.27 pg I-TEQ/Nm3, with an average value of 0.078 and 0.10 pg I-TEQ/Nm3, respectively. The 2, 3, 4, 7, 8-PCDF always contributes most to toxicity both in stack flue gas and ambient air samples. PCDD/Fs in the ambient air of the study area showed significant seasonal differences, and the total concentration of PCDD/Fs was highest in winter, which was about 3.5-7.5 times that of summer. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used to determine the correlation between MSWI emissions and PCDD/Fs in ambient air. It is worth mentioning that MSWI is not the main source of PCDD/Fs in ambient air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Zhang
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Dioxin Pollution Control, National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaoxiu Li
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Dioxin Pollution Control, National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement, Beijing, 100029, China.
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24
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Zhang Z, He J, Shi T, Tang N, Zhang S, Wen S, Liu X, Zhao M, Wang D, Chen W. Associations between polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans exposure and oxidatively generated damage to DNA and lipid. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 227:237-246. [PMID: 30991198 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDD/Fs) have been reported to induce reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress, but the dose-response relationships have not been explored in molecular epidemiological studies. In this study, a total of 602 participants were recruited, comprising of 215 foundry workers, 171 incineration workers and 216 residents living more than 5 km away from the plants as the reference group. Individual PCDD/Fs exposures were estimated according to PCDD/Fs levels of working and living ambient air and daily foods. Urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and 8-iso-prostaglandin-F2α (8-isoPGF2α) were determined to reflect oxidatively generated damage to DNA and lipid. Generalized linear models were used to access the associations between PCDD/Fs exposure and oxidative stress biomarkers. We found that PCDD/Fs exposure and urinary oxidative stress biomarkers of workers were all higher than those of the reference group. Significantly positive exposure-response relationships between individual PCDD/Fs exposures and urinary 8-oxodG and 8-iso-PGF2α were found. Each 1-unit increase in ln-transformed levels of PCDD/Fs exposure generated a 0.78 nmol/mmol creatinine increase in ln-transformed 8-oxodG and a 0.50 ng/mmol creatinine increase in ln-transformed 8-isoPGF2α in foundry workers, a 0.49 nmol/mmol creatinine increase in ln-transformed 8-oxodG and a 0.26 ng/mmol creatinine increase in ln-transformed 8-isoPGF2α in incineration workers, compared with the reference group. And such associations were not modified by tobacco use. Our findings could help to understand the dose-response relationships between PCDD/Fs and oxidatively generated damage to DNA and lipid, and provide an epidemiologic basis for conducting research on the carcinogenesis and other toxicity mechanisms of PCDD/Fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Jintong He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Zhuhai Center for Chronic Disease Control, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519060, China
| | - Tingming Shi
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Naijun Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Sukun Zhang
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP), Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Sheng Wen
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Dongming Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
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25
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Nadal M, Mari M, Schuhmacher M, Domingo JL. Monitoring dioxins and furans in plasma of individuals living near a hazardous waste incinerator: Temporal trend after 20 years. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 173:207-211. [PMID: 30927599 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were analyzed in 40 plasma samples of individuals living in zones under potential influence of the emissions of a hazardous waste incinerator (HWI) (Tarragona County, Catalonia, Spain). Samples corresponded to subjects of different gender, age and specific areas of residence. The levels of PCDD/Fs were compared to those obtained in a baseline study (1998), as well as in previous surveys (2002, 2007 and 2012). The current mean concentration of PCDD/Fs in plasma was 6.79 pg I-TEQ/g lipid, which was significantly lower than the baseline concentration (27.0 pg I-TEQ/g lipid). A significant decrease was also observed in comparison to the results obtained in 2002 and 2007 (15.7 and 9.4 pg I-TEQ/g, respectively), while the current PCDD/F levels were similar to those obtained in 2012 (6.18 pg I-TEQ/g lipid). This important reduction in plasma PCDD/F levels is in accordance with the decreasing trend in the daily dietary intake of PCDD/Fs, which diminished from 210.1 pg I-TEQ (baseline) to 8.54 pg WHO-TEQ (current). OCDD was the predominant congener in plasma, while 2,3,7,8-TeCDD and 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF showed the lowest levels. Based on the above results, as well as other recent data on the levels of PCDD/Fs in human milk, we conclude that the presence of the HWI does not mean additional and significant risks -as regards to PCDD/F exposure-for the population living in the neighborhood of the facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Montse Mari
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
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26
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Antoniadis V, Shaheen SM, Levizou E, Shahid M, Niazi NK, Vithanage M, Ok YS, Bolan N, Rinklebe J. A critical prospective analysis of the potential toxicity of trace element regulation limits in soils worldwide: Are they protective concerning health risk assessment? - A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 127:819-847. [PMID: 31051325 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Trace elements (TEs) may have toxic effects to plants and humans; thus, countries and organizations impose maximum allowable regulation limits of their concentrations in soils. Usually such limits are placed in different categories according to soil use, soil properties or based on both attributes. However, some countries have regulation limits irrespective of differentiation in soil properties. In this review, we aimed at collecting TE regulation limits in soils from major countries and organizations around the globe, and critiquing them by assessing potential human health risks in the case of soils attaining the maximum allowable values. We explored the soil-to-human pathway and differentiated among three major exposures from TEs, i.e., residential, industrial and agricultural. We observed the existence of problems concerning TE regulation limits, among which the fact that limits across countries do not regulate the same TEs, not even a minimum number of TEs. This indicates that countries do not seem to agree on which regulation limits of TEs pose a high risk. Also, these regulation limits do not take into account TE mobility to neighbouring environment interphases such as plant, especially edible, and water matrices. Moreover, limits for same TEs are vastly diverse across countries; this indicates that those countries have conflicting information concerning TE-related health risks. Subsequently, we addressed this problem of diversity by quantifying resultant risks; we did that by calculating human health risk indices, taking into consideration the cases in which the highest allowable TE limits are attained in soil. Arsenic limits were found to generate a relatively high hazard quotient (HQi, accounting for human intake over the maximum allowable oral reference dose for that same TE), indicating that its risk tends to be underestimated. Other TE limits, such as those of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn typically result in low HQi, meaning that limits in their cases are rather overprotective. Our approach reveals the need of reducing diversity in regulation limits by drafting soil legislations of worldwide validity, since risks are common across countries. We suggest that new directions should strategically tend to (a) reduce limits of TEs with underestimated contribution to health risk (such as As), (b) cautiously increase limits of TEs that currently cause minor health risks, (c) quantify TE risks associated with uptake to edible plants and potable water, and (d) consider multi-element contamination cases, where risks are cumulatively enhanced due to TE synergism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Antoniadis
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Greece.
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33 516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Efi Levizou
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Greece
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science & Korea Biochar Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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