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Wang Y, Zhang Z, Li Y, Liang C, Huang H, Wang S. Available heavy metals concentrations in agricultural soils: Relationship with soil properties and total heavy metals concentrations in different industries. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134410. [PMID: 38677121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) pollution in agricultural soils has arisen sharply in recent years. However, the impact of main factors on available HMs concentrations in agricultural soils of the three main industries (smelting, chemical and mining industry) is unclear. Herein, soil properties (pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and texture (sand, slit, clay)), total and available concentrations were concluded based on the results of 165 research papers from 2000 to 2023 in Web of Science database. In the three industries, the correlation and redundancy analysis were used to study the correlation between main factors and available concentrations, and quantitatively analyzed the contribution of each factor to available concentrations with gradient boosting decision tree model. The results showed that different factors had varying degrees of impact on available metals in the three main industries, and the importance of same factors varied in each industry, as for soil pH, it was most important for available Pb and Zn in the chemical industry, but the total concentrations were most important in the smelting and mining industry. There was no significant correlation between total and available concentrations. Soil properties involved in this paper (especially soil pH) were negatively correlated with available concentrations. This study provides effective guidance for the formulation of soil pollution control and risk assessment standards based on industry classification in the three major industrial impact areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Wang
- School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100035, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chouyuan Liang
- School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haochong Huang
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Sen Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Geological Resources and Environment Monitoring and Protection, Hebei Geological Environmental Monitoring Institute, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
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Baek DJ, Moon DH, Kwon SW, Kim H, Yoon SG, Chavan GT, Kwon JH, An J. Changes in oral bioaccessibility of heavy metals in non-digestive sucking habits due to the formation of complexes between digestive fluid components and metals/metalloids. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115270. [PMID: 37523794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Humans, especially infants, are exposed to harmful substances through various means, including non-nutritive sucking behaviors. Here, we compared the "one-compartment model" and the "three-compartment model" within the "suck model" to assess the oral bioaccessibility of heavy metals in various products and evaluated whether these models can be employed to assess 12 heavy metals present in consumer products. Several certified reference materials, including plastic, paint, glass, and metals, were employed to ensure sample homogeneity. By comparing the two models, we validated that a considerable amount of complexes were formed between saliva components and the extracted heavy metals and that some of these complexes dissociated during reactions with the gastric/intestinal fluids. Furthermore, we observed that in the cases of Cu and Pb, additional complexes were formed as a result of reactions with gastric/intestinal fluids. We measured the total concentrations of the extracted heavy metals using artificial saliva through acid digestion and found that up to 99.7% of the heavy metals participated in the formation of complexes, depending on the characteristics of the sample (e.g., composition) and the target element. This result indicates that the current suck model may notably underestimate the oral bioaccessibility of heavy metals in products associated with sucking behaviors. Therefore, we propose a more conservative and simpler test method for assessing oral bioaccessibility of heavy metals that involves measuring the total concentrations of heavy metals extracted from consumer products using artificial saliva. By doing so, we can account for potential variations in the digestive milieu (e.g., due to ingested food) and the inconsistency in complex formation-dissociation characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jun Baek
- Department of Smart City Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea
| | - Deok Hyun Moon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, South Korea
| | - Seon-Woo Kwon
- Department of Environment Safety System Engineering, Semyung University, Jecheon 27136, South Korea
| | - Haeun Kim
- Department of Smart City Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea
| | - Sang-Gyu Yoon
- Department of Smart City Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea
| | - Ganesh T Chavan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Kwon
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Jinsung An
- Department of Smart City Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea.
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Karczewska A, Gruss I, Szopka K, Dradrach A, Twardowski J, Twardowska K. Arsenic toxicity to earthworms in soils of historical As mining sites: an assessment based on various endpoints and chemical extractions. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:6713-6726. [PMID: 37368174 PMCID: PMC10403387 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01665-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Eisenia fetida is an earthworm species often used to assess the toxicity of contaminants in soils. Several studies indicated that its response can be unpredictable because it depends both on total concentrations of contaminants and also on their forms that differ in susceptibility to be released from soil solid phase. The issue is complex because two various uptake routes are concurrently involved, dermal and ingestion in guts, where the bioavailability of contaminants can considerably change. The aim of this study was to analyze the toxicity of arsenic (As) in various strongly contaminated meadow and forest soils, representative for former As mining and processing area, to earthworms E. fetida and its accumulation in their bodies. An attempt was made to find relationships between the response of earthworms and chemical extractability of As. In the bioassay, carried out according to the standard ISO protocol, different endpoints were applied: earthworm survival, fecundity measured by the numbers of juveniles and cocoons, earthworm weight and As accumulation in the bodies. The results proved that E. fetida can tolerate extremely high total As concentrations in soils, such as 8000 mg/kg, however, the individual endpoints were not correlated and showed different patterns. The most sensitive one was the number of juveniles. No particular soil factor was identified that would indicate an exceptionally high As susceptibility to the release from one of soils, however, we have demonstrated that the sum of non-specifically and specifically bound As (i.e. fractions F1 + F2 in sequential extraction according to Wenzel) could be a good chemical indicator of arsenic toxicity to soil invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Karczewska
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Grunwaldzka 53, 50-357, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Iwona Gruss
- Department of Plant Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 24a, 50-363, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szopka
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Grunwaldzka 53, 50-357, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dradrach
- Institute of Agroecology and Plant Production, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 24a, 50-363, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jacek Twardowski
- Department of Plant Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 24a, 50-363, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kamila Twardowska
- Department of Plant Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 24a, 50-363, Wrocław, Poland
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Lin C, Wang Y, Hu G, Yu R, Huang H. Source apportionment and transfer characteristics of Pb in a soil-rice-human system, Jiulong River Basin, southeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 326:121489. [PMID: 36958662 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The source apportionment and transfer of Pb in a paddy soil-rice-human system within the Jiulong River Basin in southeast China was investigated by analyzing (1) the chemical fractionation of Pb in paddy soils using a modified BCR four-step sequential extraction procedure, and (2) the bioaccessibility of Pb in both paddy soils and rice grains using a Simple Bioaccessibility Extraction Test method. In addition, a qualitative Pb isotopic model was used in combination with IsoSource software to quantify the contribution of potential Pb sources. The results show the enrichment of Pb in agro-ecosystems in the Jiulong River Basin. Contaminant Pb in paddy soils was mainly present in the reducible (42.9%) and the residual fractions (27.1%). The average bioaccessibility of Pb in rice grains was significantly higher than that in paddy soil, with values of 77.85% and 37.44%, respectively. Lead in paddy soils was primarily derived from agricultural (35.3%), natural (25.5%), industrial (24.5%) and coal combustion sources (14.7%), while Pb in rice grains was primarily derived from coal combustion (54.1%), agricultural (35.1%), industrial (6.0%) and natural sources (4.8%). The bioaccessible Pb was mainly derived from anthropogenic sources [agricultural (42.3% for soil and 25.3% for grain) and coal combustion sources (25.3% for soil and 59.3% for grain)]. Lead isotopic ratios are an effective tracer of Pb transfer from potential sources to rice plants and within the rice plants. Rice plants absorb Pb from the soil and the atmosphere through the roots and leaves, respectively. Most of the Pb was accumulated in roots. The integrated use of chemical fractionation, bioaccessibility and Pb isotopic data provides an effective method to study the source apportionment and transfer characteristics of Pb in paddy soil-rice-human systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqi Lin
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xianen, 361024, China; Key Laboratory of Fujian Universities for Environmental Monitoring, Xiamen, 361024, China
| | - Yanyun Wang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xianen, 361024, China
| | - Gongren Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ruilian Yu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Huabin Huang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xianen, 361024, China; Key Laboratory of Fujian Universities for Environmental Monitoring, Xiamen, 361024, China.
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Khan YK, Toqeer M, Shah MH. Mobility, bioaccessibility, pollution assessment and risk characterization of potentially toxic metals in the urban soil of Lahore, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:1391-1412. [PMID: 35429312 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01270-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study is based on the measurement of potentially toxic metal contents employing various extraction methodologies aimed at the evaluation of their mobility, bioaccessibility and bioavailability in the urban soil (n = 56) of Lahore, Pakistan. Selected metal levels in the soil were quantified using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. On the average basis, aqua regia and glycine extracts revealed comparatively higher contents for most of the metals; average concentrations of Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Co and Cd were found at 1566, 451.1, 114.8, 52.84, 39.15, 24.82, 12.59 and 3.953 mg/kg in aqua regia extract, while in glycine extract the metal levels were found at 579.6, 174.2, 74.72, 49.74, 19.28, 7.103, 4.692 and 3.357 mg/kg, respectively. However, Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn showed significantly higher mobility and bioavailability in the soil, while Co, Fe and Mn were least mobile/bioavailable. The pollution index was assessed in terms of enrichment factor and modified degree of contamination which revealed severe to significant contamination and anthropogenic enrichment of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn. Multivariate analysis showed mostly anthropogenic contributions for Zn-Cu-Cr-Pb-Cd. Health risk assessment revealed relatively higher exposure of the metals through ingestion, while only minor contributions were noted for inhalation and dermal contact. Hazard quotient index was within the safe limit (< 1.0) in all soil extractions, thereby indicating no significant non-carcinogenic health risks. The incremental lifetime cancer risk for Cr (4.1E-06) through ingestion was comparatively higher than the safe limit which showed significant lifetime cancer risk to the local population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Karim Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Toqeer
- Department of Earth Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Munir H Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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Xia X, Xiang L, Tong Y, Shao F, Li B, Sun Y, Zhang H. Bioaccessibility of Metals in Soils at Typical Legacy Industrial Sites: In Vitro Evaluation Using Physiologically-Based Extraction. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 109:578-584. [PMID: 35107595 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Risk assessment of soil metal pollution based on total metal contents might give overestimates by neglecting the bioaccessibility of the pollutants to soil biota. Physiologically-based extraction tests (PBET) are in vitro methods for evaluation of bioaccessibility of soil pollutants. A total of 27 soil samples collected from four types of legacy industrial site representing metal smelting, lead-acid battery factories, chemical plants and steel plants were analyzed for the bioaccessibility of six potentially toxic metals using a PBET method. The metal pollutants at the industrial sites depended on the former industrial processes and emissions. The highest proportions of gastric phase and intestinal phase in these soil samples were 43.9% for Cd and 27% for Cu, respectively. Factors affecting metal bioaccessibility included type of industry and soil properties. The soils at a lead-acid battery factory showed relatively high bioaccessibility of Pb, Zn and Cd and those at the steel plant showed relatively low metal bioaccessibility. Soil organic matter and clay contents were positively related to metal bioaccessibility but soil pH and CEC showed negative relationships. Further studies are recommended to determine the speciation of the bioaccessible metals in these soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Xia
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation, School of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Lu Xiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation, School of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Yazhi Tong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation, School of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Fanglei Shao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation, School of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Baochen Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation, School of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Yefang Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation, School of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation, School of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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Botsou F, Sungur A, Kelepertzis E, Kypritidou Z, Daferera O, Massas I, Argyraki A, Skordas K, Soylak M. Estimating remobilization of potentially toxic elements in soil and road dust of an industrialized urban environment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:526. [PMID: 35739281 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The mobility of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is of paramount concern in urban settings, particularly those affected by industrial activities. Here, contaminated soils and road dusts of the medium-size, industrialized city of Volos, Central Greece, were subjected to single-step extractions (0.43 M HNO3 and 0.5 M HCl) and the modified BCR sequential extraction procedure. This approach will allow for a better understanding of the geochemical phase partitioning of PTEs and associated risks in urban environmental matrices. Based on single extraction procedures, Pb and Zn exhibited the highest remobilization potential. Of the non-residual phases, the reducible was the most important for Pb, and the oxidizable for Cu and Zn in both media. On the other hand, mobility of Ni, Cr, and Fe was low, as inferred by their dominance into the residual fraction. Interestingly, we found a significant increase of the residual fraction in the road dust samples compared to soils. Carbonate content and organic matter controlled the extractabilities of PTEs in the soil samples. By contrast, for the road dust, magnetic susceptibility exerted the main control on the geochemical partitioning of PTEs. We suggest that anthropogenic particles emitted by heavy industries reside in the residual fraction of the SEP, raising concerns about the assessment of this fraction in terms of origin of PTEs and potential environmental risks. Conclusively, the application of sequential extraction procedures should be complemented with source identification of PTEs with the aim to better estimate the remobilization of PHEs in soil and road dust influenced by industrial emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotini Botsou
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, Zografou, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Ali Sungur
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Efstratios Kelepertzis
- Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, 15784, ZografouAthens, Greece.
| | - Zacharenia Kypritidou
- Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, 15784, ZografouAthens, Greece
| | - Ourania Daferera
- Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, 15784, ZografouAthens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Massas
- Laboratory of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Ariadne Argyraki
- Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, 15784, ZografouAthens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Skordas
- Department of Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Mustafa Soylak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
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Guillén MT, Delgado J, Gómez-Arias A, Nieto-Liñán JM, Castillo J. Bioaccessibility and human exposure to metals in urban soils (Huelva, SW Spain): evaluation by in vitro gastric extraction. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:1501-1519. [PMID: 33502680 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00814-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to assess the human health risk of heavy metals in the urban-peri-urban soils from Huelva Township. The soils present high concentrations of potentially toxic elements well beyond the regional screening soil concentration. A site-specific health risk assessment of exposure (oral ingestion, oral inhalation and dermal contact) was conducted according to the regulatory normative. To reduce the uncertainty derived from soil characteristics, bioaccessibility and predicted bioavailability data were included in the assessment. Thereby, in order to evaluate the oral bioaccessibility, a simulation of the gastric condition (pH and T) was applied dissolving the samples in a solution of HCl and 0.4 M glycine. Soils located in industrial areas present higher bioaccessibility than those associated with urban or other uses. The adjusted-relative bioaccessibility total carcinogenic risk for As exceeded the regulatory level in all samples (except samples 7 and 184) indicating that children are more vulnerable, while no detrimental health effects are expected for Pb (except in sample 76, a "greenway" recreational area). The adjusted hazard index for non-carcinogenic effects also overpassed the threshold values in practically all possible scenarios for an adult resident working in Huelva, as well as for a child living and playing in the urban/recreational areas. The main pollutant contributions were related to As and Pb. For this reason, the reported soils exceeding the regulatory levels should be classified as polluted and, therefore, this study should be helpful to initiate necessary soil management interventions to avoid the human health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tulio Guillén
- Department of Geology, University of Huelva, Campus 'El Carmen', 21071, Huelva, Spain
| | - Joaquín Delgado
- Department of Physic, Chemist and Natural Systems, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Pablo de Olavide University, Ctra. Utrera, km 1 - 41013, Seville, Spain.
| | - Alba Gómez-Arias
- Department of Geology, University of Huelva, Campus 'El Carmen', 21071, Huelva, Spain
- Institute for Groundwater Studies, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, University of the Free State, 205 Nelson Mandela Dr, Park West, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
| | | | - Julio Castillo
- Institute for Groundwater Studies, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, University of the Free State, 205 Nelson Mandela Dr, Park West, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
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Ferreira MDS, Fontes MPF, Lima MTWDC, Cordeiro SG, Wyatt NLP, Lima HN, Fendorf S. Human health risk assessment and geochemical mobility of rare earth elements in Amazon soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:151191. [PMID: 34710416 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) are a grouping of elements that encompasses lanthanides, yttrium and scandium due to their similar chemical properties and occurrence in ore deposits. Over the past few decades, economic interest in REEs has increased due to their use in several types of industries such as high-tech, medicine and agriculture. Extraction of REEs has been followed, in general, by incorrect disposal of tailing and waste, creating hazardous conditions in several countries. However, the magnitude of the possible impacts on ecosystem and human health are relatively unknown, especially in tropical systems. Thus, the objectives of this study were to assess the geochemical mobility and the bioaccessibility of REEs based on a series of chemical extractions and in vitro essay. We also tested two promising simple protocols (0.01 mol L-1 CaCl2 and 0.43 mol L-1 HNO3) for measuring REE bioaccessible fractions through a single extraction. Our findings show that the bioavailable fractions represent less than 20% of the ΣREEs fraction in all soil samples examine. Similarly, the oral bioaccessibility obtained by two in vitro methods (Gastric protocol and Gastric-Intestinal protocol) and by the single extraction tests represented less than 20% of the ΣREE contents. The non-carcinogenic risks and the carcinogenic risks associated to REEs oral exposure were low for children and adults. The extractions with 0.01 mol L-1 CaCl2 showed great potential as a method for measuring the REEs bioaccessible fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Suellen Geronimo Cordeiro
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Espirito Santo 29075-910, Brazil
| | | | - Hedinaldo Narciso Lima
- Department of Agricultural Engineering and Soils, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas 69080-900, Brazil.
| | - Scott Fendorf
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Li H, Yuan B, Yan C, Lin Q, Wu J, Wang Q, Liu J, Lu H, Zhu H, Hong H. Release of sediment metals bound by glomalin related soil protein in waterfowls inhabiting mangrove patches. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 293:118577. [PMID: 34848291 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) has received extensive attention due to its ability to immobilize metals in the environment. However, whether it can enter the food chain through digestion is still unclear. Mangroves occupy the transition zone between the sea and land, have important ecological functions. Mangroves suffer from fragmentation due to human activities and urbanization. A variety of waterfowls inhabit near the mangroves and ingest sediment settled on their food inadvertently or for grit; therefore, they are ideal for revealing GRSP's role in metal enrichment. In this study, we investigated the release of metals from mangrove surface sediments and GRSP through a physiologically based extraction test. The investigated metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) in sediments and those bound to GRSP would be mainly released in the gizzard phase. GRSP appeared to be an efficient carrier of Cu, Zn, Pb, and As from sediments to the waterfowls via direct sediment ingestion. For instance, 3.21% and 3.34% of sediment Cu were released in the gizzard and intestinal phases, respectively, meanwhile GRSP-bound Cu contributed 5.04% and 5.42% to this flux. The continuum of GRSP enrichment - complexation of GRSP and metals - biological accessibility of GRSP-bound metals, influenced by both direct and indirect effects from major nutrients (e.g., C, N, P, and S) and metal contents (e.g., Cu, Cd, Ni), controlled the release of GRSP-bound metals during simulated digestion. Overall, this study provides new insights into the potential risk of GRSP acting as a metal delivery vehicle in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyi Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Chongling Yan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Qingxian Lin
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jiajia Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Jingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Haoliang Lu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Heng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Hualong Hong
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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Islam MR, Sanderson P, Naidu R, Payne TE, Johansen MP, Bari ASMF, Rahman MM. Beryllium in contaminated soils: Implication of beryllium bioaccessibility by different exposure pathways. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126757. [PMID: 34352522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation exposure and beryllium (Be) toxicity are well-known, but research on bioaccessibility from soils via different exposure pathways is limited. This study examined soils from a legacy radioactive waste disposal site using in vitro ingestion (Solubility Bioaccessibility Research Consortium [SBRC], physiologically based extraction test [PBET], in vitro gastrointestinal [IVG]), inhalation (simulated epithelial lung fluid [SELF]) and dynamic two-stage bioaccessibility (TBAc) methods, as well as 0.43 M HNO3 extraction. The results showed, 70 ± 4.8%, 56 ± 16.8% and 58 ± 5.7% of total Be were extracted (gastric phase [GP] + intestinal phase [IP]) in the SBRC, PBET, and IVG methods, respectively. Similar bioaccessibility of Be (~18%) in PBET-IP and SELF was due to chelating agents in the extractant. Moreover, TBAc-IP showed higher extraction (20.8 ± 2.0%) in comparison with the single-phase (SBRC-IP) result (4.8 ± 0.23%), suggesting increased Be bioaccessibility and toxicity in the gastrointestinal tract when the contamination derives from the inhalation route. The results suggested Be bioaccessibility depends on solution pH; time of extraction; soil reactive fractions (organic-inorganic); particle size, and the presence of chelating agents in the fluid. This study has significance for understanding Be bioaccessibility via different exposure routes and the application of risk-based management of Be-contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rashidul Islam
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Peter Sanderson
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Timothy E Payne
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Mathew P Johansen
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - A S M Fazle Bari
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia
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Agreement ℜ of Four Analytical Methods Applied to Pb in Soils from the Small City of St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189863. [PMID: 34574783 PMCID: PMC8467290 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the small city of St. John's, NL (2020 population ~114,000), 100% of the soils of the pre-1926 properties exceeded the Canadian soil Pb standard, 140 mg/kg. The Pb was traced to high-Pb coal ash used for heating and disposed on the soils outside. Analytical instruments became available in the late 1960s and 1970s and were first used for blood Pb and clinical studies and repurposed for measuring environmental Pb. The environmental research part of this study compared four common soil Pb analysis methods on the same set (N = 96) of St. John's soil samples. The methods: The US EPA method 3050B, portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (pXRF), The Chaney-Mielke leachate extraction (1 M nitric acid), and the relative bioaccessibility leaching procedure (US EPA method 1340). Correlation is not the same as agreement ℜ. There is strong agreement (Berry-Mielke's Universal ℜ) among the four soil Pb analytical methods. Accordingly, precaution is normally advisable to protect children from the high-Pb garden soils and play areas. A public health reality check by Health Canada surveillance of St. John's children (N = 257) noted remarkably low blood Pb. The low blood Pb of St. John's' children is contrary to the soil Pb results. Known urban processes causing the rise of environmental Pb and children's Pb exposure includes particle size, aerosol emission by traffic congestion, and quantities of leaded petrol during the 20th century. Smaller cities had minor traffic congestion and limited combustion particles from leaded petrol. From the perspective of the 20th century era of urban Pb pollution, St. John's, NL, children have blood Pb characteristics of a small city.
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Martins GC, da Silva Junior EC, Ramos SJ, Maurity CW, Sahoo PK, Dall'Agnol R, Guilherme LRG. Bioavailability of copper and nickel in naturally metal-enriched soils of Carajás Mining Province, Eastern Amazon, Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:256. [PMID: 33835289 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Naturally elevated contents of copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) are found in soils worldwide, and their potential toxicity is better understood when geochemical reactive fractions are identified and monitored. Thus, this study aimed to assess the bioavailability of Cu and Ni and estimate environmental risks in naturally metal-enriched soils of Carajás Mining Province, Eastern Amazon, Brazil. For that, 58 surficial soil samples were analyzed for their extractable contents of Cu and Ni by Mehlich 1. Next, 13 soil samples were selected for additional single and sequential extractions, for the determination of metal content in the shoots of grasses naturally growing in these soils and for calculating the risk assessment code. Despite the naturally high total concentrations, the contents of easily available Cu and Ni are a minor fraction of total concentrations (up to 10.15%), and the reducible oxide and residual pools hold the major proportion of total content of metals. This contributed to low bioavailability, low environmental risk, and also to low concentrations of these metals on grasses collected in the field. Soil organic matter, Fe2O3, Al2O3 and clay content have a dominant role in metals retention on studied soils. Our findings on the bioavailability of Cu and Ni in a region of great economic relevance for Brazil are important not only for predicting the elements' behavior in the soil-plant system but also for refining risk assessments and to provide useful data for environmental quality monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ediu Carlos da Silva Junior
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva, Belém, Pará, 955, 66055-090, Brazil
- Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 3037, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Sílvio Junio Ramos
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva, Belém, Pará, 955, 66055-090, Brazil
| | - Clóvis Wagner Maurity
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva, Belém, Pará, 955, 66055-090, Brazil
| | - Prafulla Kumar Sahoo
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva, Belém, Pará, 955, 66055-090, Brazil
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda Village, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Roberto Dall'Agnol
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva, Belém, Pará, 955, 66055-090, Brazil
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Dahmardeh Behrooz R, Kaskaoutis DG, Grivas G, Mihalopoulos N. Human health risk assessment for toxic elements in the extreme ambient dust conditions observed in Sistan, Iran. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:127835. [PMID: 32763581 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the bioaccessibility and health risks related to heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn and metalloid As) in airborne dust samples (TSP and PM2.5) in Zabol, Iran during the summer dust period, when peak concentration levels of PM are typically observed. High bioaccessibilities of carcinogenic metals in PM2.5 (i.e. 53.3%, 48.6% and 47.6% for Ni, Cr and As, respectively) were calculated. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks were assessed for three exposure pathways (inhalation, ingestion and dermal contact), separately for children and adults. Non-carcinogenic inhalation risks were very high (Hazard Index: HI > 1) both for children and adults, while the carcinogenic risks were above the upper acceptable threshold of 10-4 for adults and marginally close (5.0-8.4 × 10-5) for children. High carcinogenic risks (>10-4) were found for the ingestion pathway both for children and adults, while HI values > 1 (8.2) were estimated for children. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk estimates for dermal contact were also above the limits considered acceptable, except for the carcinogenic risk for children (7.6 × 10-5). Higher non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks (integrated for all elements) were associated with the inhalation pathway in adults and children with the exception of carcinogenic risk for children, where the ingestion route remains the most important, while As was linked with the highest risks for nearly all exposure pathways. A comparative evaluation shows that health risks related with toxic elements in airborne particles in Sistan are among the highest reported in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Dahmardeh Behrooz
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Zabol, P.O. Box 98615-538, Zabol, Iran.
| | - D G Kaskaoutis
- Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, 15236, P. Penteli, Greece; Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, University of Crete, 71003, Crete, Greece
| | - G Grivas
- Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, 15236, P. Penteli, Greece
| | - N Mihalopoulos
- Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, 15236, P. Penteli, Greece; Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, University of Crete, 71003, Crete, Greece
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Vasques ICF, Lima FRD, Oliveira JR, de Morais EG, Pereira P, Guilherme LRG, Marques JJ. Comparison of bioaccessibility methods in spiked and field Hg-contaminated soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126904. [PMID: 32957297 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Estimating bioaccessible content of mercury in soils is essential in evaluating risks that contaminated soils pose. In this study, soil samples spiked with HgCl2 through adsorption were used to test the effects of liming, soil organic matter, soil depth, and Hg concentration on the following bioaccessibility tests: dilute nitric acid at room temperature, dilute nitric acid at body temperature, Simplified Bioaccessibility Extraction Test (SBET) method, and gastric phase of the In vitro Gastrointestinal (IVG) protocol. Soil and sediment samples from Descoberto, Minas Gerais (Brazil), a city with a well-known record of Hg contamination from artisanal mining, were subjected to these bioaccessibility tests for the first time, and the different methods of estimating bioaccessible content were compared. Bioaccessible fractions in spiked samples ranged from 10% to 60%, and this high bioaccessibility was due to the highly soluble species of Hg and the short time under adsorption. In general, clay and organic matter decreased bioaccessible content. Although the soil in Descoberto is undoubtedly polluted, mercury bioaccessibility in that area is low. In general, dilute nitric acid estimated higher bioaccessible content in soil samples, whereas the SBET method estimated higher bioaccessible content in sediment samples. In multivariate analysis, two groups of bioaccessibility tests arise: one with the two nitric acid tests, and the other with SBET and the gastric phase of the IVG protocol. The addition of pepsin and glycine in the last two tests suggests a more reliable test for assessing mercury bioaccessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela C F Vasques
- Departamento de Solos, Avenida PH Rolfs, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Francielle R D Lima
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Avenida Dr Sylvio Menecucci, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, 37200-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jakeline R Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Avenida Dr Sylvio Menecucci, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, 37200-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Everton G de Morais
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Avenida Dr Sylvio Menecucci, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, 37200-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Polyana Pereira
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Avenida Dr Sylvio Menecucci, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, 37200-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz Roberto G Guilherme
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Avenida Dr Sylvio Menecucci, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, 37200-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João José Marques
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Avenida Dr Sylvio Menecucci, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, 37200-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Pelfrêne A, Sahmer K, Waterlot C, Glorennec P, Douay F, Le Bot B. Evaluation of single-extraction methods to estimate the oral bioaccessibility of metal(loid)s in soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 727:138553. [PMID: 32334219 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Incidental ingestion of polluted soil particles exposes the population to toxic metal(loid)s. To refine the methods of exposure and risk assessment, it is relevant to use bioaccessible concentrations of metal(loid)s determined via in vitro digestion methods. However, some validated methods are complex and costly, involving high technical skills and numerous reagents. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the suitability of four simple chemical extractions to mimic the bioaccessible fraction of As, Cd, and Pb in the gastric (G) and gastrointestinal (GI) phases obtained using the validated UBM (unified bioaccessibility method) test. Acetic acid (0.11 M), citric acid (0.11 M), EDTA (0.16 M), and hydrochloric acid (HCl, 0.65%) were separately tested in 201 soil samples with a wide range of physicochemical parameters and metal(loid)s concentrations. Significant linear relationships were observed with HCl, EDTA, and to a lesser extent with citric acid. For the cheaper HCl method, correlations with the UBM ranged from 0.91 to 0.99 for the G phase and from 0.72 to 0.97 for the GI phase. This test can be used at least as a first-tier screening to assess the oral bioaccessibility of As, Cd, and Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Pelfrêne
- Yncréa Hauts-de-France, ULR 4515, Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Karin Sahmer
- Yncréa Hauts-de-France, ULR 4515, Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christophe Waterlot
- Yncréa Hauts-de-France, ULR 4515, Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Philippe Glorennec
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Francis Douay
- Yncréa Hauts-de-France, ULR 4515, Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Barbara Le Bot
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
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Fan J, Zhao L, Kan J, Qiu H, Xu X, Cao X. Uptake of vegetable and soft drink affected transformation and bioaccessibility of lead in gastrointestinal track exposed to lead-contaminated soil particles. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 194:110411. [PMID: 32151869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Accidental ingestion of Pb-contaminated soil particles by direct hand-to-mouth activity or by swallowing airborne dust particles is important pathway of human exposure to Pb. Appropriate evaluation of Pb risk to human is important in determining whether the soil needs remediation or not, however, there is paucity of data about the dietary influences on Pb bioaccessibility (Pb-BA) and transformation in humans. This study chose two typical foods, spinach and cola, representing vegetable and soft drink, respectively, and investigated their effects on Pb species in gastrointestinal tract using the physiologically based extraction test. Results showed that ingestion of spinach and cola decreased the Pb-BA by 52%-94% in the gastric phase and by 38%-95% in the intestinal phase, respectively. The reduction of Pb-BA by spinach was attributed to the precipitation of Pb with phosphorus in spinach and the sorption of Pb by the generated hydrolysate and un-hydrolysate from spinach in gastrointestinal tract. Cola decreased Pb-BA mainly via formation of insoluble Pb phosphates precipitates. Analysis of X-ray diffraction and MINTEQ modeling demonstrated that the dissolved Pb was transformed to precipitated or sorbed Pb with intake of cola or spinach. Our findings suggest that dietary habit greatly influence the speciation and subsequent Pb-BA in the gastrointestinal tract, which should be incorporated into human health risk assessment of Pb-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Fan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Junhong Kan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hao Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xinde Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
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18
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Chen P, Zhang HM, Yao BM, Chen SC, Sun GX, Zhu YG. Bioavailable arsenic and amorphous iron oxides provide reliable predictions for arsenic transfer in soil-wheat system. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 383:121160. [PMID: 31518812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The application of current soil quality standards based on total arsenic (As) fails to assess the ecological risks of soil arsenic or to ensure the safety of crops and foods. In this study, bioavailable arsenic instead of total arsenic was applied to improve predictive models for arsenic transfer from soil to wheat (Triticum turgidum L.). The stepwise multiple-linear regression analysis showed that bioavailable arsenic and amorphous iron oxides (FeOX) were the two most important factors contributing to arsenic accumulation in wheat grain, with the explained percentage of variation being up to 82%. Compared with the bioavailable arsenic extracted by NH4H2PO4, bioavailable arsenic extracted by HNO3 from soils generated better predictions of the amount of arsenic in grain. The best reliable model was log[Asgrain] = 0.917 log[HNO3-As] - 0.452 log[FeOX] - 1.507 (R2 = 0.82, P < 0.001). Consistently, bioavailable arsenic and FeOX were also the key factors to predict arsenic accumulation in wheat straw, leaves and spikes. Our prediction models was successfully verified for three independent soils. Our results highlight the role of soil bioavailable heavy metals in predicting their transfer in soil-plant systems and can be used to improve existing Chinese soil quality standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hong-Mei Zhang
- Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiuzhou District, Jiaxing, 314016, China
| | - Bao-Min Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Song-Can Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guo-Xin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Beijing, 100049, China
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Fernández-Caliani JC, Giráldez MI, Barba-Brioso C. Oral bioaccessibility and human health risk assessment of trace elements in agricultural soils impacted by acid mine drainage. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 237:124441. [PMID: 31377595 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated soils around the historic mine site of Tharsis (Spain) contain elevated concentrations of As (up to 621 mg kg-1), Cu (752 mg kg-1) and Pb (2395 mg kg-1), exceeding the regional background levels and the statutory limits set for agricultural use. A site-specific health risk assessment of occupational and environmental exposures was conducted using an approach based on guidelines from regulatory agencies, refined by combining bioaccessibility and bioavailability data. Oral bioaccessibility, as determined by simulating the human digestion process in vitro (Unified BARGE Method), was largely related to total trace element concentrations in soil. Arsenic seemed to be evenly distributed among the gastric and gastro-intestinal phases (about 31%), whereas the bioaccessible fraction of pH-dependent metal cations, like Pb and Zn, was noticeably higher in the stomach (nearly 50%) than in the gastro-intestinal tract (less than 10%). Bioaccessibility assessed by single extraction with 0.43 M HNO3 was overestimated by a factor of 1.2-1.4 relative to that obtained from the BARGE method. Site-specific relative bioavailability (RBA) values of As (27.7%) and Pb (42.6%), predicted from bioaccessibility measurements through linear regression models, had little effect on the overall risk estimates. For the ingestion pathway, the RBA-adjusted cancer risk values (9.7E-05 to 2.0E-04) exceeded the regulatory threshold in all plots, and the hazard index re-calculated after adjustment of oral dose was also above the allowable limit, with values ranging from 2.5 to 4.8. However, no detrimental health effects are expected to occur through inhalation of soil particles in nearby residents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cinta Barba-Brioso
- Department of Crystallography, Mineralogy and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Sevilla, Campus de Reina Mercedes, s/n. 41071, Sevilla, Spain
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