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Marcińczyk M, Krasucka P, Duan W, Bo P, Oleszczuk P. Effect of chemical aging on phosphate adsorption and ecotoxicological properties of magnesium-modified biochar. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140721. [PMID: 37972863 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Using magnesium-biochar composites (Mg-BC) in adsorption allows for the efficient and economically relevant removal of phosphate (PO43-) from water and wastewater. Applying Mg-BC for pollutant removal requires evaluating the adsorption capacity of composites and their ecotoxicological properties. Investigating the composite aging during the application of these composites into the soil is also essential. In the present study, nonaged and aged (at 60 or 90 °C) Mg-BC composites were investigated in the context of pyrolysis temperature (500 or 700 °C). All analyzed biochars were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and surface area. The content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (bioavailable Cfree and organic solvent-extractable Ctot), heavy metals (HMs), and environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) were determined. Ecotoxicity was evaluated using tests with Folsomia candida and Allivibrio fischeri. The dependence of adsorption on pyrolysis temperature and composite aging time was observed. Changes in physicochemical properties occurring as a result of aging reduced the adsorption of PO43- on Mg-BC composites. It was found that nonaged Mg-BC700 was more effective (9.55 mg g -1) in the adsorption of PO43- than Mg-BC500 (5.75 mg g-1). The adsorption capacities of aged composites were from 21 to 61% lower than those of the nonaged composites. Due to aging, the content of Cfree PAHs increased by 3-5 times depending on the pyrolysis temperature. However, aging reduced the Ctot PAHs in all composites from 24 to 35% depending on the pyrolysis temperature. Ecotoxicological evaluation of Mg-BC composites showed increased toxicity after aging to both organisms. The use of aged BC potentially increases the contaminant content and toxicity of Mg-BC composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Marcińczyk
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Krasucka
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Wenyan Duan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Bo
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031, Lublin, Poland.
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2
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Hashemi F, Mogensen L, Smith AM, Larsen SU, Knudsen MT. Greenhouse gas emissions from bio-based growing media: A life-cycle assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167977. [PMID: 37875197 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, using an LCA approach we explored how bio-based peat alternatives (wood fiber, compost, and hydrochar based on willow and degassed fiber from agricultural waste) and their mixtures (75 % peat with 25 % peat alternative) as growing media (GM) for plant production in Denmark may provide benefits for reducing greenhouse gas emissions compared to peat. To perform this, foreground data (collected via personal communication and literature) was used together with background data from Ecoinvent V3.8. The chosen functional unit was 1 m3 of GM and the system boundary was from cradle to use as GM. The global warming potential of all the peat alternatives showed significant reduction, varying between 89 and 109 % compared to peat. When incorporating 25 % of each alternative with peat, the climate footprint was reduced by 16 to 33 % compared to pure peat. Thus, there are large climate prospects in replacing peat with bio-based alternatives, and the results underlines the relevance of being able to increase the proportion of the bio-based components in their mixtures with peat beyond the 25 % and towards 100 % replacement. The effectiveness of peat substitutes in term of reducing the CO2 emissions is affected by choice of the feedstock, their processing method and emissions of their end-use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hashemi
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; Aarhus University Interdisciplinary Centre for climate change (iCLIMATE), Department of Agroecology, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Lisbeth Mogensen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Aidan Mark Smith
- Aarhus University Interdisciplinary Centre for climate change (iCLIMATE), Department of Agroecology, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Hangøvej 2, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Søren Ugilt Larsen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; Danish Technological Institute, Agro Food Park 15, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Marie Trydeman Knudsen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; Aarhus University Interdisciplinary Centre for climate change (iCLIMATE), Department of Agroecology, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
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3
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Liu X, Wang X, Xue Q, Tian Y, Feng Y. Inhalation bioaccessibility and risk assessment for PM-bound organic components: Co-effects of component physicochemical properties, PM properties, and sources. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132291. [PMID: 37591173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation bioaccessibility and deposition in respiratory tracts of organic components in atmospheric particulate matter (PM) are key factors for accurately estimating health risks and understanding human exposures. This study evaluated the in-vitro inhalation bioaccessibility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and PAH derivatives, phthalic acid esters (PAEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) in size-resolved PM from a Chinese megacity. The bioaccessibility ranged from 0.2% to 77.8% in the heating period (HP), and from 0.7% to 94.2% in the non-heating period (NHP). Result suggests that less hydrophobic organics might be more bioaccessible. Bioaccessibility of medium logKow organics in sizes > 0.65 µm was significantly inhibited by high carbon fractions, indicating the co-effects. Then, this is the first study to explore effects of sources on inhalation bioaccessibility of organics. Coal and biomass combustion in HP and traffic emission in NHP negatively correlated with bioaccessibility. Secondary particles also negatively correlated with bioaccessibility of medium logKow organics. Incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and non-cancer risk (HQ) for all measured components in PM10 were estimated after considering the bioaccessibility and deposition efficiencies and the HQ and ILCR were within the acceptable range. BaP and DEHP were strong contributors to HQ and ILCR, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Liu
- The State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- The State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qianqian Xue
- The State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yingze Tian
- The State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Yinchang Feng
- The State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
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4
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Xiao J, Liu Y, Jiang S, Wang H, Liu Y, Lin F, Liu T, Fang K, Liao M, Shi Y, Cao H. Incorporating Bioaccessibility into Inhalation Exposure Assessment of Emamectin Benzoate from Field Spraying. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:7978-7988. [PMID: 37162498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The inhalation exposure of pesticide applicators and residents who live close to pesticide-treated fields is a worldwide concern in public health. Quantitative assessment of exposure to pesticide inhalation health risk highlights the need to accurately assess the bioaccessibility rather than the total content in ambient air. Herein, we developed an in vitro method to estimate the inhalation bioaccessibility of emamectin benzoate and validated its applicability using a rat plasma pharmacokinetic bioassay. Emamectin benzoate was extracted using the Gamble solution, with an optimized solid-to-liquid ratio (1/250), extraction time (24 h), and agitation (200 rpm), which obtained in vitro inhalation bioaccessibility consistent with its inhalation bioavailability in vivo (32.33%). The margin of exposure (MOE) was used to assess inhalation exposure risk. The inhalation unit exposures to emamectin benzoate of applicators and residents were 11.05-28.04 and 0.02-0.04 ng/m3, respectively, varying markedly according to the methods of application, e.g., formulations and nozzles. The inhalation risk assessment using present application methods appeared to be acceptable; however, the MOE of emamectin benzoate might be overestimated by 32% without considering inhalation bioaccessibility. Collectively, our findings contribute insights into the assessment of pesticide inhalation exposure based on bioaccessibility and provide guidance for the safe application of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Xiao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Yuanhui Liu
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Siyuan Jiang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Han Wang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Yuying Liu
- School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Fengxiang Lin
- School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Tianhe Liu
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Ke Fang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Min Liao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Yanhong Shi
- School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Haiqun Cao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
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Baumann K, Wietzoreck M, Shahpoury P, Filippi A, Hildmann S, Lelieveld S, Berkemeier T, Tong H, Pöschl U, Lammel G. Is the oxidative potential of components of fine particulate matter surface-mediated? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:16749-16755. [PMID: 36550248 PMCID: PMC9908692 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24897-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Redox-active substances in fine particulate matter (PM) contribute to inhalation health risks through their potential to generate reactive oxygen species in epithelial lung lining fluid (ELF). The ELF's air-liquid interface (ALI) can play an important role in the phase transfer and multi-phase reactions of redox-active PM constituents. We investigated the influence of interfacial processes and properties by scrubbing of coated nano-particles with simulated ELF in a nebulizing mist chamber. Weakly water-soluble redox-active organics abundant in ambient fine PM were reproducibly loaded into ELF via ALI mixing. The resulting oxidative potential (OP) of selected quinones and other PAH derivatives were found to exceed the OP resulting from bulk mixing of the same amounts of redox-active substances and ELF. Our results indicate that the OP of PM components depends not only on the PM substance properties but also on the ELF interface properties and uptake mechanisms. OP measurements based on bulk mixing of phases may not represent the effective OP in the human lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Baumann
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
- Picarro Inc, Santa Clara, USA
| | - Marco Wietzoreck
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Pourya Shahpoury
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Canada
- Chemistry Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Canada
| | - Alexander Filippi
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hildmann
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Steven Lelieveld
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Berkemeier
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Haijie Tong
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Surface Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Ulrich Pöschl
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gerhard Lammel
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany.
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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6
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Tong Y, Zhao X, Li H, Pei Y, Ma P, You J. Using homing pigeons to monitor atmospheric organic pollutants in a city heavily involving in coal mining industry. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135679. [PMID: 35839993 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Coal is the most extensively used fossil fuel in China. It is well documented that coal combustion detrimentally affected air quality, yet the contribution of coal mining activity to air pollution is still largely unknown. Homing pigeons have been applied to assess the occurrence of atmospheric pollutants within cities. Herein, we sampled homing pigeons from both urban and mining areas in a typical coal industry city (Datong, China) as biomonitors for assessing local air pollution. Target organic contaminants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were frequently detected in lung, liver, and fat tissues of the pigeons. The pollutants were predominately accumulated in lung, validating that respiration was the main accumulation route for these compounds in homing pigeons. In addition, pathological damage examination in lung and liver tissues revealed that the exposure to atmospheric pollutants impaired pigeon health. While the concentrations of PCBs and OCPs were similar in pigeons from urban and mining areas, the concentrations of PAHs were higher in pigeons from urban area. In contrast, more elevated levels of PBDEs (particularly BDE-209) were found in the mining area, which was consistent with the greater pathological damages and particulate matter levels. Unlike coal combustion, coal mining activities did not increase atmospheric PAH exposure to homing pigeons, but intensified PBDE contamination along with increasing emission of particulate matters. Overall, homing pigeons are promising biomonitors for assessing the respiratory exposure and risk of atmospheric pollutants within cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Tong
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhao
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Academic of Environmental Science, Guangzhou, 510045, China
| | - Huizhen Li
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Pei
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Development and Reform Institute, Guangzhou, 510040, China
| | - Ping Ma
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Department of Eco-engineering, Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Jing You
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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7
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Besis A, Gallou D, Avgenikou A, Serafeim E, Samara C. Size-dependent in vitro inhalation bioaccessibility of PAHs and O/N PAHs - Implications to inhalation risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 301:119045. [PMID: 35217141 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Size segregated samples (<0.49, 0.49-0.95, 0.95-1.5, 1.5-3.0, 3.0-7.2 and > 7.2 μm) of atmospheric particulate matter (APM) were collected at a traffic site in the urban agglomeration of Thessaloniki, northern Greece, during the cold and the warm period of 2020. The solvent-extractable organic matter was analyzed for selected organic contaminants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and their nitro- and oxy-derivarives (NPAHs and OPAHs, respectively). Mean concentrations of ∑16PAHs, ∑6NPAHs and ∑10OPAHs associated to total suspended particles (TSP) were 18 ng m-3, 0.2 ng m-3 and 0.9 ng m-3, respectively, in the cold period exhibiting significant decrease (6.4, 0.2 and 0.09 ng m-3, respectively) in the warm period. The major amount of all compounds was found to be associated with the alveolar particle size fraction <0.49 μm. The inhalation bioaccessibility of PAHs and O/N PAHs was measured in vitro using two simulated lung fluids (SLFs), the Gamble's solution (GS) and the artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF). With both SLFs, the derived bioaccessible fractions (BAFs) followed the order PAHs > OPAHs > NPAHs. Although no clear dependence of bioaccessibility on particle size was obtained, increased bioaccessibility of PAHs and PAH derivatives in coarse particles (>7.2 μm) was evident. Bioaccessibility was found to be strongly related to the logKOW and the water solubility of individual compounds hindering limited mobilization of the most hydrophobic and less water-soluble compounds from APM to SLFs. The lifetime cancer risk due to inhalation exposure to bioaccessible PAHs, NPAHs and OPAHs was estimated and compared to those calculated from the particulate concentrations of organic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Besis
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Domniki Gallou
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anna Avgenikou
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Serafeim
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Constantini Samara
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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8
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Fazzalari A, Abou‐Zaid M, Briens C, Briens L. Impact of post‐pyrolysis wash on biochar properties. CAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Fazzalari
- Faculty of Engineering The University of Western Ontario London ON Canada
| | - Mamdouh Abou‐Zaid
- Faculty of Engineering The University of Western Ontario London ON Canada
| | - Cedric Briens
- Faculty of Engineering The University of Western Ontario London ON Canada
| | - Lauren Briens
- Faculty of Engineering The University of Western Ontario London ON Canada
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9
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Zhou P, Kong Y, Cui X. Inhalation Bioaccessibility of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in PM 2.5 under Various Lung Environments: Implications for Air Pollution Control during Coronavirus Disease-19 Outbreak. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:4272-4281. [PMID: 35333512 PMCID: PMC8982496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Global spread of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is placing an unprecedented pressure on the environment and health. In this study, a new perspective is proposed to assess the inhalation bioaccessibility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM2.5 for people with various lung health conditions. In vitro bioaccessibility (IVBA) was measured using modified epithelial lung fluids simulating the extracellular environment of patients with severe and mild lung inflammation. The average PAH IVBA in PM2.5 of 24.5 ± 4.52% under healthy conditions increased (p = 0.06) to 28.6 ± 3.17% and significantly (p < 0.05) to 32.3 ± 5.32% under mild and severe lung inflammation conditions. A mechanistic study showed that lung inflammation decreased the critical micelle concentrations of main pulmonary surfactants (i.e., from 67.8 (for dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine) and 53.3 mg/L (for bovine serum albumin) to 44.5 mg/L) and promoted the formation of micelles, which enhanced the solubilization and competitive desorption of PAHs from PM2.5 in the lung fluids. In addition, risk assessment considering different IVBA values suggested that PAH contamination levels in PM2.5, which were safe for healthy people, may not be acceptable for patients with lung inflammation. Because of the large number of COVID-19 infections, and the fact that some survivors of COVID-19 were observed to still show symptoms of interstitial lung inflammation, the finding here can provide important implications for both the scientific community and policy makers in addressing health risk and air pollution control during the COVID-19 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution
Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution
Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution
Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Liu P, Wu X, Shi H, Wang H, Huang H, Shi Y, Gao S. Contribution of aged polystyrene microplastics to the bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals in marine organisms using experimental and model analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132412. [PMID: 34597650 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) in the environment would undergo extensive weathering, which can act as a vector affecting the accumulation of pollutants in organisms. However, the risk of organic pollutants adsorbed on aged MPs to marine organisms is poorly understood. This study revealed the contribution of aged polystyrene (PS) MPs to the total bioaccumulation of atorvastatin (ATV) and amlodipine (AML), and assessed the environmental risks via experimental and model analysis. The results showed that pharmaceuticals were more easily released in gastrointestinal fluids from aged MPs relative to that in simulated seawater. The hydrophobic pharmaceuticals were more bioaccessible than hydrophilic ones by organisms. Model analysis showed that ingestion of water and food were the most important uptake routes for pharmaceuticals in marine fish and seabirds, while aged PS MPs could decrease the bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals (contributed for -2.9% and -1.2% for the total uptake of ATV, and -25.8% and -4.4% for AML), indicating the cleaning effect of aged MPs, and the potential higher exposure risks of pharmaceuticals in warm-blooded organisms than that in cold-blooded ones via ingested MPs. The study revealed the effect of aged MPs to the bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals in marine organisms, and highlighted the combined risks of aged MPs and pharmaceuticals in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Xiaowei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Huanhuan Shi
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China.
| | - Hanyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Hexinyue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Yanqi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Shixiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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11
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Luo Z, Yao B, Yang X, Wang L, Xu Z, Yan X, Tian L, Zhou H, Zhou Y. Novel insights into the adsorption of organic contaminants by biochar: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132113. [PMID: 34826891 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
With rising concerns in the practical application of biochar for the remediation of environment influenced by various organic contaminants, a critical review to facilitate insights the crucial role that biochar has played in wastewater and polluted soil decontamination is urgently needed. This research therefore aimed to describe different intriguing dimensions of biochar interactions with organic contaminants, which including: (i) an introduction of biochar preparation and the related physicochemical properties, (ii) an overview of mechanisms and factors controlling the adsorption of organic contaminants onto biochar, and (iii) a summary of the challenges and an outlook of the further research needs in this issue. In the light of the survey consequences, the appearance of biochar indicates the potential in substituting the existing costly adsorbents, and it has been proved that biochar is one promising adsorbent for organic pollutants adsorption removal from water and soil. However, some research gaps, such as dynamic adsorption, potential environmental risks, interactions between biochar and soil microbes, novel modification techniques, need to be further investigated to facilitate its practical application. This research will be conductive to better understanding the adsorption removal of organic contaminants by biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Luo
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Bin Yao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhangyi Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xiulan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Lin Tian
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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12
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Zeng Y, Chen S, Fan Y, Li Q, Guan Y, Mai B. Effects of carbonaceous materials and particle size on oral and inhalation bioaccessibility of PAHs and OPEs in airborne particles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:62133-62141. [PMID: 34189698 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14848-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bioavailability of environmental contaminants is attracting considerable scientific attention due to growing awareness of its importance for risk assessment. In this study, size-segregated airborne particles were collected from six point-source sites, an urban residential site, and a sub-urban site. Potential factors governing bioaccessibility of the particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organophosphorus esters (OPEs) in stimulated gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts were elucidated. Particle concentrations of PAHs and OPEs at the eight sites were 2.4-32.3 ng/m3 and 1.6-19.9 ng/m3, respectively. In fine particles (with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm), 4- to 6-ring PAHs were more strongly correlated with organic carbon (OC) than elemental carbon (EC); while 3- and 4-ring PAHs in coarse particles (2.5-10 μm) tended to associate with EC. OPEs mostly showed significant correlations with EC in both fine and coarse particles. OC and EC exerted a significantly restraining effect on the oral and inhalation bioaccessibility of most hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in fine particles due to sorption of HOC molecules to these components. Furthermore, the effects varied, which could depend either on the emission sources (for oral bioaccessibility of PAHs) or the physicochemical properties of HOCs (for bioaccessibility of OPEs and inhalation bioaccessibility of PAHs). Linear regression between OC/EC contents and HOC bioaccessibility indicated that EC should play a more important role in the inhalation bioaccessibility than the oral bioaccessibility. Particle size of airborne particles is a relatively less significant factor determining the bioaccessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zeng
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shejun Chen
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yufeng Guan
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bixian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Abstract
Biochar is most commonly considered for its use as a soil amendment, where it has gained attention for its potential to improve agricultural production and soil health. Twenty years of near exponential growth in investigation has demonstrated that biochar does not consistently deliver these benefits, due to variables in biochar, soil, climate, and cropping systems. While biochar can provide agronomic improvements in marginal soils, it is less likely to do so in temperate climates and fertile soils. Here, biochar and its coproducts may be better utilized for contaminant remediation or the substitution of nonrenewable or mining-intensive materials. The carbon sequestration function of biochar, via conversion of biomass to stable forms of carbon, does not depend on its incorporation into soil. To aid in the sustainable production and use of biochar, we offer two conceptual decision trees, and ask: What do we currently know about biochar? What are the critical gaps in knowledge? How should the scientific community move forward? Thoughtful answers to these questions can push biochar research towards more critical, mechanistic investigations, and guide the public in the smart, efficient use of biochar which extracts maximized benefits for variable uses, and optimizes its potential to enhance agricultural and environmental sustainability.
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14
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Zeng H, Zhang L, Sun F, Liu J, Fang B, Yang W, Meng C, Wang M, Wang Q, Hao Y. Inhalation bioaccessibility, health risk assessment, and source appointment of ambient PM 2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Caofeidian, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:47574-47587. [PMID: 33893916 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13965-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The inhalation bioaccessibility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is significant for accurately assessing the health risks posed by PM2.5-bound PAHs. In this study, 96 PM2.5 samples from Caofeidian, China, were investigated for PM2.5-bound PAH source appointment and bioaccessibility assessment during four seasons. PAH18 potential sources were identified by positive matrix factorization. The inhalation bioaccessibility of PAH18 was investigated by simulated epithelial lung fluid extraction. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) model was subsequently used to evaluate the carcinogenic risk posed by PM2.5-bound PAHs in children, teenagers, and adults. Four potential sources of PM2.5-bound PAH18 were identified: industry emissions (44%), petroleum volatilization (30%), vehicle emissions (15%), and coal combustion (11%). The average inhalation bioaccessibility of PAHs ranged from 17.8% (dibenzo [a,h] anthracene) to 67.9% (fluorene). The ILCR values for children and teenagers were lower than the acceptable levels (10-6) in the four seasons considering inhalation bioaccessibility. However, the ILCR value of adults was higher than the threshold in winter (1.26 × 10-6). Source identification suggested that reducing industrial pollution was the primary measure for controlling PM2.5-bound PAHs in Caofeidian. Additionally, the inhalation bioaccessibility of PM2.5-bound PAHs was evaluated to precisely estimate the health risks caused by PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zeng
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No.21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No.21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Feize Sun
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No.21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No.21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Bo Fang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No.21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Wenqi Yang
- Affiliated Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Chunyan Meng
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No.21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Manman Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No.21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No.21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China.
| | - Yulan Hao
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No.21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China.
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Khan N, Chowdhary P, Gnansounou E, Chaturvedi P. Biochar and environmental sustainability: Emerging trends and techno-economic perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 332:125102. [PMID: 33853722 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollutants including emerging contaminants are a growing concern worldwide. Organic wastes, such as food waste, compost, animal manure, crop residues, and sludge are generally used as feedstock. The conventional treatment methodologies (primary and secondary treatment process) do not mitigate or remove pollutants effectively. Hence, an effective, low-cost, and environmentally friendly tertiary treatment process is an urgent need. Biochar finds interesting applications in environmental processes like pollutant remediation, greenhouse gas mitigation, and wastewater treatment. Studies have shown that different types of adsorbents (biochars) like, native and engineered biochar are being used in the removal or mitigation of heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls, pesticides, disinfectants, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and dibenzo-p-dioxins from contaminated sites for environmental management. The review discusses ample studieswhich can offer solutions for environmental sustenance and managementand the emerging trends and techno-economic prospectives of biochar for sustainable environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawaz Khan
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj Chowdhary
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Edgard Gnansounou
- Bioenergy and Energy planning, IIC, ENAC, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Station 18, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Preeti Chaturvedi
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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16
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Ma J, Liu X, Yang Y, Qiu J, Dong Z, Ren Q, Zuo YY, Xia T, Chen W, Liu S. Binding of Benzo[ a]pyrene Alters the Bioreactivity of Fine Biochar Particles toward Macrophages Leading to Deregulated Macrophagic Defense and Autophagy. ACS NANO 2021; 15:9717-9731. [PMID: 34124884 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Contaminant-bearing fine biochar particles (FBPs) may exert significantly different toxicity profiles from their contaminant-free counterparts. While the role of FBPs in promoting contaminant uptake has been recognized, it is unclear whether the binding of contaminants can modify the biochemical reactivity and toxicological profiles of FBPs. Here, we show that binding of benzo[a]pyrene (B(a)P, a model polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) at environmentally relevant exposure concentrations markedly alters the cytotoxicity of FBPs to macrophages, an important line of innate immune defense against airborne particulate matters (PMs). Specifically, B(a)P-bearing FBPs elicit more severe disruption of the phospholipid membrane, endocytosis, oxidative stress, autophagy, and compromised innate immune defense, as evidenced by blunted proinflammatory effects, compared with B(a)P-free FBPs. Notably, the altered cytotoxicity cannot be attributed to the dissolution of B(a)P from the B(a)P-bearing FBPs, but appears to be related to B(a)P adsorption-induced changes of FBPs bioreactivity toward macrophages. Our findings highlight the significance of environmental chemical transformation in altering the bioreactivity and toxicity of PMs and call for further studies on other types of carbonaceous nanoparticles and additional exposure scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinlei Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Jiahuang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Quanzhong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Y Zuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Tian Xia
- Center of Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), California NanoSystems Institute, and Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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17
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Chen X, Cheng X, Meng H, Selvaraj KK, Li H, He H, Du W, Yang S, Li S, Zhang L. Past, present, and future perspectives on the assessment of bioavailability/bioaccessibility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: A 20-year systemic review based on scientific econometrics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 774:145585. [PMID: 33607432 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccessibility/bioavailability (bioac-bioav) is an important criterion in the risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), especially in the restoration of contaminated sites. Although, the bioac-bioav concept is widely employed in PAH risk assessment for both humans and wildlife, their growth and integration in risk assessment models are seldom discussed. Consequently, the relevant literature listed on Web of Science (WOS)™ was retrieved and analyzed using the bibliometric software Citespace in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of this issue. Due to the limitations of the literature search software, we manually searched the articles about PAHs bioac-bioav that were published before 2000. This stage focuses on research on the distribution coefficient of PAHs between different environmental phases and laid the foundation for the adsorption-desorption of PAHs in subsequent studies of the bioac-bioav of PAHs. The research progress on PAH bioac-bioav from 2000 to the present was evaluated using the Citespace software based on country- and discipline-wise publication volumes and research hotspots. The development stages of PAH bioac-bioav after 2000 were divided into four time segments. The first three segments (2000-2005, 2006-2010, and 2011-2015) focused on the degradation of PAHs and their in vivo (bioavailability)-in vitro (bioaccessibility) evaluation method and risk assessment. Meanwhile, the current (2016-present) research focuses on the establishment of analytical methods for assessing PAH derivatives at environmental concentrations and the optimization of various in vitro digestion methods, including chemical optimization (sorptive sink) and biological optimization (Caco-2 cell). The contents are aimed at supplying researchers with a deeper understanding of the development of PAH bioac-bioav.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxian Chen
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xinying Cheng
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Han Meng
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Kumar Krishna Selvaraj
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Huiming Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Huan He
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing 210023, PR China; College of Ecological and Resource Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, Fujian 354300, PR China.
| | - Wenchao Du
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shaogui Yang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shiyin Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Limin Zhang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Green Economy Development Institute, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, PR China
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18
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Innes E, Yiu HHP, McLean P, Brown W, Boyles M. Simulated biological fluids - a systematic review of their biological relevance and use in relation to inhalation toxicology of particles and fibres. Crit Rev Toxicol 2021; 51:217-248. [PMID: 33905298 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2021.1903386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of simulated biological fluids (SBFs) is a promising in vitro technique to better understand the release mechanisms and possible in vivo behaviour of materials, including fibres, metal-containing particles and nanomaterials. Applications of SBFs in dissolution tests allow a measure of material biopersistence or, conversely, bioaccessibility that in turn can provide a useful inference of a materials biodistribution, its acute and long-term toxicity, as well as its pathogenicity. Given the wide range of SBFs reported in the literature, a review was conducted, with a focus on fluids used to replicate environments that may be encountered upon material inhalation, including extracellular and intracellular compartments. The review aims to identify when a fluid design can replicate realistic biological conditions, demonstrate operation validation, and/or provide robustness and reproducibility. The studies examined highlight simulated lung fluids (SLFs) that have been shown to suitably replicate physiological conditions, and identify specific components that play a pivotal role in dissolution mechanisms and biological activity; including organic molecules, redox-active species and chelating agents. Material dissolution was not always driven by pH, and likewise not only driven by SLF composition; specific materials and formulations correspond to specific dissolution mechanisms. It is recommended that SLF developments focus on biological predictivity and if not practical, on better biological mimicry, as such an approach ensures results are more likely to reflect in vivo behaviour regardless of the material under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Innes
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Edinburgh, UK
| | - Humphrey H P Yiu
- Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Polly McLean
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Edinburgh, UK
| | - William Brown
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Edinburgh, UK
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19
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Godlewska P, Ok YS, Oleszczuk P. THE DARK SIDE OF BLACK GOLD: Ecotoxicological aspects of biochar and biochar-amended soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123833. [PMID: 33264919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biochar, a product of biomass pyrolysis, is characterized by significant surface area, porosity, high water holding capacity, and environmental persistence. It is perceived as a material that can counteract climate change due to its high carbon stability and is also considered suitable for soil amendment (fertility improvement, soil remediation). However, biochar can have a toxic effect on organisms as harmful substances may be present in it. This paper reviews the literature regarding the current knowledge of harmful substances in biochar and their potential negative impact on organisms from different trophic levels. The effects of biochar on the content and toxicity of harmful substances in biochar-amended soils are also reviewed. Application of biochar into soil does not usually have a toxic effect and very often stimulate plants, bacteria activity and invertebrates. The effect however is strictly determined by type of biochar (especially the feedstock used and pyrolysis temperature) as well as contaminants content. The pH, electrical conductivity, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as well as heavy metals are the main factor usually responsible for biochar toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Godlewska
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
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20
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Sánchez-Piñero J, Moreda-Piñeiro J, Concha-Graña E, Fernández-Amado M, Muniategui-Lorenzo S, López-Mahía P. Inhalation bioaccessibility estimation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from atmospheric particulate matter (PM 10): Influence of PM 10 composition and health risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:127847. [PMID: 32814136 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) inhalation bioaccessibility was assessed in 65 atmospheric particulate matter samples (PM10) collected at an Atlantic coastal European urban site. The proposed method consists on a physiologically based extraction (PBET) by using Gamble's solution followed by a vortex assisted liquid-liquid micro-extraction (VALLME) and quantification by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD). The use of a micro-extraction technique combined with FLD detection, provides a simple, fast, sensitive, accurate and low-cost methodology to PAHs quantification in bioaccessible fractions. Accuracy of the bioaccessibility study was assessed by means of a mass balance approaches using a PM10 filter and a certified reference material (ERM-CZ100). High-moderate inhalation bioaccessibilities were found for phenanthrene (Phe), fluoranthene (Ft) and pyrene (Pyr) (average ratios in the 52-65% range); while dibenz (a,h)anthracene (DBahA), indeno (1,2,3-cd)pyrene (IP) and benzo (g,h,i)perylene (BghiP) were observed to be less bioaccessibles (average ratios in the 11-14% range). Relationship between PM10 composition (major ions, trace metals, equivalent black carbon (eBC) and UV-absorbing particulate matter (UVPM)) and PAHs bioaccessibility ratios was also assessed. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that PAHs bioaccessibility percentage is dependent on anthropogenic (eBC, UVPM and Sb concentrations) and marine sources of PM10. Predicted PAHs bioaccessibilities after applying a multiple linear regression model based on marine and anthropogenic source of PM10 could also be established. Health risk assessment of target PM10-associated PAHs via inhalation was assessed considering bioaccessibility concentrations by using hazard index (HI) and BaP equivalent concentration (BaPeq) approaches, suggesting no carcinogenic risk in the area during the sampling campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Sánchez-Piñero
- University of A Coruña. Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de A Coruña, S/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jorge Moreda-Piñeiro
- University of A Coruña. Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de A Coruña, S/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Estefanía Concha-Graña
- University of A Coruña. Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de A Coruña, S/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - María Fernández-Amado
- University of A Coruña. Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de A Coruña, S/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Soledad Muniategui-Lorenzo
- University of A Coruña. Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de A Coruña, S/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Purificación López-Mahía
- University of A Coruña. Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de A Coruña, S/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
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21
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Guérin T, Ghinet A, Hossart M, Waterlot C. Wheat and ryegrass biomass ashes as effective sorbents for metallic and organic pollutants from contaminated water in lab-engineered cartridge filtration system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 318:124044. [PMID: 32889120 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Three plant biomasses (miscanthus, ryegrass and wheat) have been considered for the preparation of five different sorbents evaluated for their potential to sorb cadmium and lead and four emergent organic compounds (diclofenac, sulfamethoxazole, 17α-ethynylestradiol and triclosan) from artificially contaminated water. Lab-created cartridges were filled with each sorbent and all experiments were systematically compared to activated charcoal Norit®. Results from activated charcoal, wheat straw and acidified wheat straw were supported by the Langmuir and Freundlich models. Wheat straw ashes were an excellent metal extractor that exceeded the potential of well-known activated charcoal. Acidified sorbents (wheat and ryegrass) were very effective in eliminating the selected emerging organic contaminants displaying equipotent or superior activity compared to activated charcoal. These results open the way for further in natura studies by proposing new biosource materials as new effective tools in the fight against water pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Guérin
- Univ. Lille, IMT Douai, Univ. Artois, Yncréa Hauts-de-France, ULR 4515 - LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France; Yncréa Hauts-de-France, Laboratory of Sustainable Chemistry and Health, Health & Environment Department, Team Sustainable Chemistry, Ecole des Hautes Etudes d'Ingénieur (HEI), UCLille, 13 rue de Toul, F-59046 Lille, France
| | - Alina Ghinet
- Yncréa Hauts-de-France, Laboratory of Sustainable Chemistry and Health, Health & Environment Department, Team Sustainable Chemistry, Ecole des Hautes Etudes d'Ingénieur (HEI), UCLille, 13 rue de Toul, F-59046 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000 Lille, France; Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, 'Al. I. Cuza' University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I nr. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Marc Hossart
- La Spiruline de Marc, 2 bis Grande Rue, 80560 Saint-Léger-lès-Authie, France
| | - Christophe Waterlot
- Univ. Lille, IMT Douai, Univ. Artois, Yncréa Hauts-de-France, ULR 4515 - LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France.
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22
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Ma Q, Qi Y, Shan Q, Liu S, He H. Understanding the knowledge gaps between air pollution controls and health impacts including pathogen epidemic. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 189:109949. [PMID: 32980021 PMCID: PMC7369009 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable development calls for a blue sky with quality air. Encouragingly, the current mass reduction-oriented pollution control is making substantial achievements, as the data from Chinese Environmental Monitoring Stations show a significant drop in the annual average concentrations of particulate matters (i.e., PM10 and PM2.5) and SO2. But many challenges and knowledge gaps are still confronted nowadays. On one hand, long-term health impacts of fine air particles have to be closely probed through both epidemiological and laboratory studies, and the toxic effects owing to the interactions between particles and associated chemical pollutants should be differentially teased out. On the other hand, due to sole mass control, there are significant changes of overall pollutant fingerprint, such as the increase of ground-level ozone concentration, which should be taken into account for altered health effects relative to the past. Moreover, the interplays with air pollutants and air-borne pathogens should be scrutinized in more details. In other words, it is worth investigating likely spread of pathogens (even for SARS-CoV-2) with aid of aerosols. Here, we recapitulate the current knowledge gaps between air pollution controls and health impacts including pathogen epidemic, and we also propose future research directions to support policy making in balance mass control and health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiuli Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Hong He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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23
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Ren H, Yu Y, An T. Bioaccessibilities of metal(loid)s and organic contaminants in particulates measured in simulated human lung fluids: A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:115070. [PMID: 32806460 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Particle-bound pollutants can pose a health risk to humans. Inhalation exposure evaluated by total contaminant concentrations significantly overestimates the potential risk. To assess the risk more accurately, bioavailability, which is the fraction that enters into the systemic circulation, should be considered. Researchers have replaced bioavailability by bioaccessibility due to the rapid and cost-efficient measurement for the latter, especially for assessment by oral ingestion. However, contaminants in particulates have different behavior when inhaled than when orally ingested. Some of the contaminants are exhaled along with exhalation, and others are deposited in the lung with the particulates. In addition, a fraction of the contaminants is released into the lung fluid and absorbed by the lung, and another fraction enters systemic circulation under the action of cell phagocytosis on particulates. Even if the release fraction, i.e., release bioaccessibility, is considered, the measurement faces many challenges. The present study highlights the factors influencing release bioaccessibility and the incorporation of inhalation bioaccessibility into the risk assessment of inhaled contaminants. Currently, there are three types of extraction techniques for simulated human lung fluids, including simple chemical solutions, sequential extraction techniques, and physiologically based techniques. The last technique generally uses three kinds of solution: Gamble's solution, Hatch's solution, and artificial lysosomal fluid, which are the most widely used physiologically based simulated human lung fluids. External factors such as simulated lung fluid composition, pH, extraction time, and sorption sinks can affect release bioaccessibility, whereas particle size and contaminant properties are important internal factors. Overall, release bioaccessibility is less used than bioaccessibility considering the deposition fraction when assessing the risk of contaminants in inhaled particulates. The release bioaccessibility measurement poses two main challenges: developing a unified, accurate, stable, simple, and systematic biologically based method, and validating the method through in-vivo assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helong Ren
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Synergy Innovation Institute of GDUT, Shantou, 515041, China.
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Synergy Innovation Institute of GDUT, Shantou, 515041, China
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24
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Carbon nanotube filler enhances incinerated thermoplastics-induced cytotoxicity and metabolic disruption in vitro. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:40. [PMID: 32787867 PMCID: PMC7424660 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00371-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Engineered nanomaterials are increasingly being incorporated into synthetic materials as fillers and additives. The potential pathological effects of end-of-lifecycle recycling and disposal of virgin and nano-enabled composites have not been adequately addressed, particularly following incineration. The current investigation aims to characterize the cytotoxicity of incinerated virgin thermoplastics vs. incinerated nano-enabled thermoplastic composites on two in vitro pulmonary models. Ultrafine particles released from thermally decomposed virgin polycarbonate or polyurethane, and their carbon nanotube (CNT)-enabled composites were collected and used for acute in vitro exposure to primary human small airway epithelial cell (pSAEC) and human bronchial epithelial cell (Beas-2B) models. Post-exposure, both cell lines were assessed for cytotoxicity, proliferative capacity, intracellular ROS generation, genotoxicity, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Results The treated Beas-2B cells demonstrated significant dose-dependent cellular responses, as well as parent matrix-dependent and CNT-dependent sensitivity. Cytotoxicity, enhancement in reactive oxygen species, and dissipation of ΔΨm caused by incinerated polycarbonate were significantly more potent than polyurethane analogues, and CNT filler enhanced the cellular responses compared to the incinerated parent particles. Such effects observed in Beas-2B were generally higher in magnitude compared to pSAEC at treatments examined, which was likely attributable to differences in respective lung cell types. Conclusions Whilst the effect of the treatments on the distal respiratory airway epithelia remains limited in interpretation, the current in vitro respiratory bronchial epithelia model demonstrated profound sensitivity to the test particles at depositional doses relevant for occupational cohorts.
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25
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Liu P, Wu X, Liu H, Wang H, Lu K, Gao S. Desorption of pharmaceuticals from pristine and aged polystyrene microplastics under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 392:122346. [PMID: 32097859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) in the environment usually undergo extensive weathering and can transport pollutants to organisms once being ingested. However, the transportation mechanism and effect of aging process are poorly understood. This study systematically investigated the desorption mechanisms of pharmaceuticals from pristine and aged polystyrene (PS) MPs under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions of marine organisms. Results showed that the increased desorption in stomach mainly depended on the solubilization of pepsin to pharmaceuticals and the competition for sorption sites on MPs via π-π and hydrophobic interactions. However, high desorption in gut relied on the solubilization of intestinal components (i.e. bovine serum albumin (BSA) and bile salts (NaT)) and the competitive sorption of NaT since the enhanced solubility increased the partition of pharmaceuticals in aqueous phase. Aging process suppressed the desorption of pharmaceuticals because aging decreased hydrophobic and π-π interactions but increased electrostatic interaction between aged MPs and pharmaceuticals, which became less affected by gastrointestinal components. Risk assessment indicated that the MP-associated pharmaceuticals posed low risks to organisms, and warm-blooded organisms suffered relatively higher risks than cold-blooded ones. This study reveals important information to understand the ecological risks of co-existed MPs and pollutants in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiaowei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Haiyong Liu
- Shandong Province Metallurgical Engineering Co. Ltd., Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Hanyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Kun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shixiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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26
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Concentration Variability of Water-Soluble Ions during the Acceptable and Exceeded Pollution in an Industrial Region. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17103447. [PMID: 32429130 PMCID: PMC7277652 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the chemical composition of water-soluble inorganic ions at eight localities situated in the Moravian-Silesian Region (the Czech Republic) at the border with Poland. Water-soluble inorganic ions were monitored in the winter period of 2018 (January, 11 days and February, 5 days). The set was divided into two periods: the acceptable period (the 24-h concentration of PM10 < 50 µg/m3) and the period with exceeded pollution (PM10 ˃ 50 µg/m3). Air quality in the Moravian-Silesian Region and Upper Silesia is among the most polluted in Europe, especially in the winter season when the concentration of PM10 is repeatedly exceeded. The information on the occurrence and behaviour of water-soluble inorganic ions in the air during the smog episodes in Europe is insufficient. The concentrations of water-soluble ions (chlorides, sulphates, nitrates, ammonium ions, potassium) during the exceeded period are higher by two to three times compared with the acceptable period. The major anions for both acceptable period and exceeded pollution are nitrates. During the period of exceeded pollution, percentages of water-soluble ions in PM10 decrease while percentages of carbonaceous matter and insoluble particles (fly ash) increase.
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27
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Fang Q, Zhao Q, Chai X, Li Y, Tian S. Interaction of industrial smelting soot particles with pulmonary surfactant: Pulmonary toxicity of heavy metal-rich particles. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 246:125702. [PMID: 31927361 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inhalable particles can influence the interfacial behavior of pulmonary surfactant (PS) resulting in various pulmonary diseases. However, the effects of actually airborne particles on the interfacial behavior of PS and its role in the alteration for soluble metal fraction in particles are entirely unexplored. Herein, we investigated the interaction of PS extracted from porcine lungs with smelting soot fine particles as a model of inhaled heavy metal-rich particles. Our results showed that the phase behavior and foamability of PS were obviously altered in the presence of smelting soot fine particles. In addition, the soluble heavy metals in smelting soot fine particles notably increased in the presence of PS as compared to that of saline solution. Further experiments conducted by adding PS's major components (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, DPPC; bovine serum albumin, BSA) demonstrated that comparison of DPPC, adsorbed BSA is beneficial for the dissolution of heavy metals in smelting soot fine particles. Dynamic light scattering experiments verified that the well dispersion of smelting soot fine particles in the presence of BSA may be responsible for the higher solubility of heavy metals. These findings indicate that PS's interfacial behavior change and PS-enhanced solubilization release of metal components may increase the potentially pulmonary risk in the exposure of airborne fine particles enriched with heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Fang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China.
| | - Qun Zhao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China.
| | - Xiaolong Chai
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China.
| | - Yingjie Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China.
| | - Senlin Tian
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China.
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28
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Liu X, Ouyang W, Shu Y, Tian Y, Feng Y, Zhang T, Chen W. Incorporating bioaccessibility into health risk assessment of heavy metals in particulate matter originated from different sources of atmospheric pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:113113. [PMID: 31484101 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Rapid industrialization and urbanization have resulted in widespread pollution of airborne particulate matter (PM) containing various heavy metals with adverse human-health effects. Health risk assessment of PM calls for accurate evaluation of the bioaccessibility, instead of the total content, of heavy metals in PM. Here, we demonstrated that the leachable fraction of particle-bound As, Pb, Cr, Mn, Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn in lung fluid within the typical retention duration of particles in human lungs varied drastically among particles originated from different air pollution sources, including coal combustion, biomass combustion, fugitive dust, road dust, construction dust, cement and soil. Moreover, bioaccessibility of heavy metals, particularly in biomass combustion, cement and soil particles, was strongly dependent on pollution sources, and the particulate Cu, Ni, Pb and Cd appeared to be the primary indicators of the source dependence of heavy metal bioaccessibility. Using total rather than bioaccessible concentrations of particle-bound heavy metals not only led to overestimation of the health risk of source particles, but more importantly, inaccurate identification of the high-risk pollution sources and the priority metal pollutants in the source particles. When considering bioaccessibility of particle-bound heavy metals examined in this study, coal combustion products exhibited the highest carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks among all source particles, whereas cement particles would be the source with highest risk based on total metal content. As and Mn appeared to be the main drivers for the noncarcinogenic risks of source particles, while As, Ni and Cr were the major contributors to the carcinogenic risks of source particles, significantly different from those based on total contents. This research underlines the importance of incorporating bioaccessibility into health risk indexes of frequently occurring particle-bound heavy metals from specific air pollution sources, which will facilitate risk-based assessment of source contribution and hence effective source regulation of airborne PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Wanyue Ouyang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yiling Shu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yingze Tian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yinchang Feng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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29
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Zhang M, Wang X, Hao H, Wang H, Duan L, Li Y. Formation of disinfection byproducts as affected by biochar during water treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 233:190-197. [PMID: 31176894 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biochar (BC) is as an emerging and promising adsorbent for the removal of pollutants from aqueous solutions in water treatment given its porous structure, large surface area, and numerous O-functional groups. However, the effects of BC on the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during the disinfection process of water treatment remains largely unknown. This study investigated the influence of aqueous solution chemistry on DBP formation in the presence of BC during chlorination. BC samples prepared from different biomass precursors (wheat straw, peanut shells, and shaddock peel) with different pyrolysis temperatures were compared, and the effects of aqueous solution chemistry were systematically investigated. Results indicated that DBPs could be formed during disinfection with BC. Certain intermediate DBP products would undergo base catalysis to form trichloromethane (TCM) via hydrolysis as pH increased. This phenomenon would increase TCM content, as well as decrease chloral hydrate and 1,1-dichloro-2-propanone content. The increment in inorganic ion (NaCl) content showed negligible effects on DBP formation during BC chlorination. DBP formation was restrained in the presence of humic acid (HA) because the number of active sites on BC that participated in the reaction decreased when BC adsorbed HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tong Yan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tong Yan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Huizhi Hao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tong Yan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tong Yan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Lin Duan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tong Yan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Yao Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tong Yan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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30
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Gelardi DL, Li C, Parikh SJ. An emerging environmental concern: Biochar-induced dust emissions and their potentially toxic properties. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 678:813-820. [PMID: 31085497 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Amending soils with biochar is increasingly proposed as a solution to many pressing agricultural and environmental challenges. Biochar, created by thermochemical conversion of biomass in an oxygen-limited environment, has several purported benefits, including remediation of contaminated soils, increased crop yields, reduced fertilizer demands, increased plant available water, and mitigation of climate change. Due to these potential benefits, biochar-related research has flourished in the past decade, though there remains a critically understudied area of research regarding biochar's potential impact on human health. Because biochar characteristically has low bulk density and high porosity, the material is susceptible to atmospheric release via natural or mechanical soil disturbance. The specific risks of biochar inhalation have not been elucidated; however, recent publications have demonstrated that biochar can increase soil dust emissions of particles <10 μm (PM10) or possess elevated levels of toxic chemicals. These data should not be interpreted to suggest that all biochars are problematic, but rather to highlight an important and overlooked field of study, and to stress the need to critically assess parameters for biochar production and management strategies that safeguard human health. Here the literature on biochar-related dust emissions and potentially toxic properties (PTPs) is reviewed in order to summarize what is known, highlight areas for future study, and aggregate solutions to minimize potential harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Gelardi
- University of California Davis, Land, Air and Water Resources, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, United States of America.
| | - Chongyang Li
- University of California Davis, Land, Air and Water Resources, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, United States of America.
| | - Sanjai J Parikh
- University of California Davis, Land, Air and Water Resources, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, United States of America.
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31
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Azzi ES, Karltun E, Sundberg C. Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of Large-Scale Biochar Production and Use for Negative Emissions in Stockholm. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:8466-8476. [PMID: 31268319 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Several cities in Sweden are aiming for climate neutrality within a few decades and for negative emissions thereafter. Combined biochar, heat, and power production is an option to achieve carbon sequestration for cities relying on biomass-fuelled district heating, while biochar use could mitigate environmental pollution and greenhouse gas emissions from the agricultural sector. By using prospective life cycle assessment, the climate impact of the pyrolysis of woodchips in Stockholm is compared with two reference scenarios based on woodchip combustion. The pyrolysis of woodchips produces heat and power for the city of Stockholm, and biochar whose potential use as a feed and manure additive on Swedish dairy farms is explored. The climate change mitigation trade-off between bioenergy production and biochar carbon sequestration in Stockholm's context is dominated by the fate of marginal power. If decarbonisation of power is achieved, building a new pyrolysis plant becomes a better climate option than conventional combustion. Effects of cascading biochar use in animal husbandry are uncertain but could provide 10-20% more mitigation than direct biochar soil incorporation. These results help design regional biochar systems that combine negative carbon dioxide emissions with increased methane and nitrous oxide mitigation efforts and can also guide the development of minimum performance criteria for biochar products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias S Azzi
- Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering (SEED) , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Stockholm 100 44 , Sweden
| | | | - Cecilia Sundberg
- Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering (SEED) , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Stockholm 100 44 , Sweden
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32
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Liu X, Wang Y, Shen Z, Wu X, Shi Y, Wang F. A method for assessing carcinogenic risk of air fine particle-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by considering bioaccessibility in lung fluids. MethodsX 2019; 6:558-566. [PMID: 30976529 PMCID: PMC6439207 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the inhalation carcinogenic risk of PAHs in biochar fine particles using total concentration-based assessment approach and bioaccessibility-based assessment approach. Only limit PAHs in particles can be released in simulated lung fluids, leading to a low bioaccessibility (only ranging from 0.34% to 1.48% for biochar fine particles and from 3.21% to 44.2% for PM2.5), which would significantly affect health risk assessment. Therefore, bioaccessibility should always be favored over more traditional evaluations based on total concentration, while evaluating inhalation health risks of biochar-bound PAHs. To prove the broad applicability of bioaccessibility-based assessment approaches, we also compared health risk of actual atmospheric particles (PM2.5 collected from Nanjing, China) using total concentration-based approaches and bioaccessibility-based approaches. •Proposed bioaccessibility-based approaches for assessing biochar risk are more accurate than traditional total concentration-based approaches;•Proposed bioaccessibility-based approaches can be applied to health risk assessment of actual air particles;•A more practical method was proposed to evaluate the bioaccessibility of PAHs in biochar fine particles or other specific component of atmospheric particle matters: using wet sieving method to prepare fine particles, using volatile organic solvent-drying method to load 14C-PAHs on fine particles, and using desorption experiments to determine bioaccessibility of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yuejiao Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Zelin Shen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yu Shi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
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