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Carlos de Almeida A, Batista RM, Fillmann G. An alternative silicone-based passive sampling device to derive organotin concentrations in the aqueous phase. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 361:142494. [PMID: 38823424 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Organotin compounds (OTs) are well studied in various environmental compartments, with a critical focus on the water column as their primary entry point into aquatic ecosystems. In this context, a method for the analysis of organotin (OTs) in water using silicone rubber-based passive sampling was optimized, validated, and field-tested. Validation covered crucial parameters, including the limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy, precision, linearity, and matrix effect. The method was shown to be robust (R2 ≥ 0.99), with recoveries between 70.2 and 114.6%, and precise (CV < 12.8%) (N = 3). LODCw and LOQCw were ≤15 and ≤ 48 pg Sn L-1, respectively, for TBT and TPhT. The matrix effect showed to be low (>-20% ME < 20%) for all OTs but TPhT (69.4%). The silicone rubber-water partition coefficients (Log Ksr,w) were estimated at 3.37 for MBT, 3.77 for DBT, 4.17 for TBT, 3.49 for MPhT, 3.83 for DPhT, and 4.22 for TPhT. During the field study carried out between October 2021 and February 2022 at the entrance of the Port of Santos navigation channel (Southeastern Brazil), sampling rates ranged between 4.1 and 4.6 L d-1, and the equilibrium was achieved for MBT, DBT, MPhT, and DPhT after ∼45 days of deployment. The freely dissolved concentrations varied between 134 and 165 pg Sn L-1 for TBT, 388 and 610 pg Sn L-1 for DBT, and 1114 and 1509 pg Sn L-1 for MBT, while MPhT, DPhT, and TPhT were below the limit of detection. Results pointed out that J-FLEX® rubber-based passive sampling is a suitable and reliable alternative method for the continuous monitoring of OTs in the water column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Carlos de Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental (PPGQTA), Escola de Química e Alimentos (EQA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IO-FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Moço Batista
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental (PPGQTA), Escola de Química e Alimentos (EQA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IO-FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental (PPGQTA), Escola de Química e Alimentos (EQA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IO-FURG), Av. Itália s/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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2
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Gu Y, Li C, Jiang Q, Hua R, Wu X, Xue J. Efficient and practical in-jar silicone rubber based passive sampling for simultaneous monitoring of emerging fungicides in water and soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 937:173539. [PMID: 38806130 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The occurrence and ecological impacts of emerging fungicides in the environment has gained increasing attention. This study applied an in-jar passive sampling device based on silicone rubber (SR) film to measuring the freely dissolved concentration (Cfree) of 6 current-use fungicides as a critical index of bioavailability in water and soils. The kinetics parameters including SR-water, soil-water, and organic carbon-water partition coefficients and sampling rates of the target fungicides were first attained and characterized well with their physicochemical properties. The in situ and ex situ field deployment in Hefei City provided the assessment of contaminated levels for these fungicides in rivers and soils. The Cfree of triadimefon and azoxystrobin was estimated at 0.54 ± 0.07-17.4 ± 2.5 ng L-1 in Nanfei River and Chao Lake, while triadimefon was only found in Dongpu Reservoir water with Cfree below 0.66 ± 0.04 ng L-1. The results exhibited that the equilibrium duration of 7 d was suitable for water application but a longer interval of 14 d was recommended for soil sampling. This work demonstrated the advantages of the proposed strategy in terms of fast monitoring within 2 weeks and high sensitivity down to detection limits in 0.5-5 ng L-1. The in-jar passive sampling device can be extrapolated to the evaluation for a wide coverage of organic pollutants in water and soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gu
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Ciyun Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Qingqing Jiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Rimao Hua
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Jiaying Xue
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, PR China.
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3
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Wieringa N, Droge STJ, Ter Laak TL, Nair AAK, Walker K, Verdonschot PFM, Kraak MHS. Combining Passive Sampling and Dosing to Unravel the Contribution of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants to Sediment Ecotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:269-279. [PMID: 38153417 PMCID: PMC10785821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Contaminated sediments are ubiquitous repositories of pollutants and cause substantial environmental risks. Results of sediment bioassays remain difficult to interpret, however, as observed effects may be caused by a variety of (un)known stressors. This study aimed therefore to isolate the effects of hydrophobic organic contaminants from other (non)chemical stressors present in contaminated sediments, by employing a newly developed passive sampling-passive dosing (PSPD) test. The results showed that equilibrium partitioning between pesticides or polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in contaminated sediments and a silicone rubber (SR) passive sampler was achieved after 1-3 days. Chlorpyrifos concentrations in pore water of spiked sediment matched very well with concentrations released from the SR into an aqueous test medium, showing that SR can serve as a passive dosing device. Subjecting the 96 h PSPD laboratory bioassay with nonbiting midge (Chironomus riparius) larvae to field-collected sediments showed that at two locations, concentrations of the hydrophobic organic contaminant mixtures were high enough to affect the test organisms. In conclusion, the developed PSPD test was able to isolate the effects of hydrophobic organic contaminants and provides a promising simplified building block for a suite of PSPD tests that after further validation could be used to unravel the contribution of hydrophobic organic chemicals to sediment ecotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke Wieringa
- Department
of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity
and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven T. J. Droge
- Department
of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity
and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Wageningen
Environmental Research, Wageningen University
and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas L. Ter Laak
- Department
of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity
and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- KWR
Water Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Aishwarya A. K. Nair
- Department
of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity
and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kelsey Walker
- Department
of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity
and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Piet F. M. Verdonschot
- Department
of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity
and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Wageningen
Environmental Research, Wageningen University
and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel H. S. Kraak
- Department
of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity
and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Šauer P, Vrana B, Escher BI, Grabic R, Toušová Z, Krauss M, von der Ohe PC, König M, Grabicová K, Mikušová P, Prokeš R, Sobotka J, Fialová P, Novák J, Brack W, Hilscherová K. Bioanalytical and chemical characterization of organic micropollutant mixtures in long-term exposed passive samplers from the Joint Danube Survey 4: Setting a baseline for water quality monitoring. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:107957. [PMID: 37406370 PMCID: PMC10445204 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring methodologies reflecting the long-term quality and contamination of surface waters are needed to obtain a representative picture of pollution and identify risk drivers. This study sets a baseline for characterizing chemical pollution in the Danube River using an innovative approach, combining continuous three-months use of passive sampling technology with comprehensive chemical (747 chemicals) and bioanalytical (seven in vitro bioassays) assessment during the Joint Danube Survey (JDS4). This is one of the world's largest investigative surface-water monitoring efforts in the longest river in the European Union, which water after riverbank filtration is broadly used for drinking water production. Two types of passive samplers, silicone rubber (SR) sheets for hydrophobic compounds and AttractSPETM HLB disks for hydrophilic compounds, were deployed at nine sites for approximately 100 days. The Danube River pollution was dominated by industrial compounds in SR samplers and by industrial compounds together with pharmaceuticals and personal care products in HLB samplers. Comparison of the Estimated Environmental Concentrations with Predicted No-Effect Concentrations revealed that at the studied sites, at least one (SR) and 4-7 (HLB) compound(s) exceeded the risk quotient of 1. We also detected AhR-mediated activity, oxidative stress response, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-mediated activity, estrogenic, androgenic, and anti-androgenic activities using in vitro bioassays. A significant portion of the AhR-mediated and estrogenic activities could be explained by detected analytes at several sites, while for the other bioassays and other sites, much of the activity remained unexplained. The effect-based trigger values for estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities were exceeded at some sites. The identified drivers of mixture in vitro effects deserve further attention in ecotoxicological and environmental pollution research. This novel approach using long-term passive sampling provides a representative benchmark of pollution and effect potentials of chemical mixtures for future water quality monitoring of the Danube River and other large water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Šauer
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Branislav Vrana
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Beate I Escher
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Cell Toxicology, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Environmental Toxicology, Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Roman Grabic
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Toušová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Krauss
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter C von der Ohe
- UBA - German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Wörlitzer Platz 1, D-06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Maria König
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Cell Toxicology, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kateřina Grabicová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Mikušová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Prokeš
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Belidla 986/4a, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromír Sobotka
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Fialová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Novák
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Werner Brack
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Klára Hilscherová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic.
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5
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Lao W. Incorporating performance reference compounds in retractable/reusable solid phase microextraction fiber for passive sampling of hydrophobic organic contaminants in water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162252. [PMID: 36801335 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Solid phase microextraction (SPME) has been used to measure aqueous-phase hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs) in equilibrium passive sampling mode for over two decades. However, determination of the extent of equilibrium has not been well-established for the retractable/reusable SPME sampler (RR-SPME), especially in the field applications. The goal of this study was to establish a method regarding to sampler preparation and data processing to characterize the extent of equilibrium of HOCs on the RR-SPME (100-μm thickness of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coating) by incorporating performance reference compounds (PRCs). A fast (4 h) PRC loading protocol was identified with using a ternary solvent mixture (i.e., acetone-methanol-water mixture (4:4:2, v/v)) to accommodate diverse carrier solvents of the PRCs. The isotropy of the RR-SPME was validated by a paired, co-exposure approach with 12 different PRCs. The aging factors measured with the co-exposure method approximately equal to one, indicating the isotropic behavior was not changed after storage at 15 °C and -20 °C for 28 days. As a method demonstration, the PRC-loaded RR-SPME samplers were deployed in the ocean off Santa Barbara, CA (USA) for 35 days. The PRCs approaching the extents of equilibrium ranged from 20 ± 15.5 % to 96.5 ± 1.5 % and showed a declining trend along with log KOW increase. A generic equation relationship was deduced based on a correlation relationship of desorption rate constant (k2) and log KOW to extrapolate non-equilibrium correction factor from the PRCs to the HOCs. The merit of the present study is manifested by its theory and implement to enable the RR-SPME passive sampler to be utilized in environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Lao
- Southern California Coast Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa 92626, CA, USA.
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6
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Rojo-Nieto E, Jahnke A. Chemometers: an integrative tool for chemical assessment in multimedia environments. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3193-3205. [PMID: 36826793 PMCID: PMC10013656 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06882f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
We propose novel chemometers - passive equilibrium samplers of, e.g., silicone - as an integrative tool for the assessment of hydrophobic organic compounds in multimedia environments. The traditional way of assessing levels of organic pollutants across different environmental compartments is to compare the chemical concentration normalized to the major sorptive phase in two or more media. These sorptive phases for hydrophobic organic compounds differ between compartments, e.g., lipids in biota and organic carbon in sediments. Hence, comparability across media can suffer due to differences in sorptive capacities, but also extraction protocols and bioavailability. Chemometers overcome these drawbacks; they are a common, universal and well-defined polymer reference phase for sampling of a large range of nonpolar organic pollutants in different matrices like biota, sediment and water. When bringing the chemometer into direct contact with the sample, the chemicals partition between the sample and the polymer until thermodynamic equilibrium partitioning is established. At equilibrium, the chemical concentrations in the chemometers can be determined and directly compared between media, e.g., between organisms of different trophic levels or inhabiting different areas, between organs within an organism or between biotic and abiotic compartments, amongst others. Chemometers hence allow expressing the data on a common basis, as the equilibrium partitioning concentrations in the polymer, circumventing normalizations. The approach is based on chemical activity rather than total concentrations, and as such, gives a measure of the "effective concentration" of a compound or a mixture. Furthermore, chemical activity is the main driver for partitioning, biouptake and toxicity. As an additional benefit, the extracts of the chemometers only require limited cleanup efforts, avoiding introduction of a bias between chemicals of different persistence, and can be submitted to both chemical analysis and/or bioanalytical profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rojo-Nieto
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Ecological Chemistry, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Annika Jahnke
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Ecological Chemistry, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Ramírez DG, Narváez Valderrama JF, Palacio Tobón CA, García JJ, Echeverri JD, Sobotka J, Vrana B. Occurrence, sources, and spatial variation of POPs in a mountainous tropical drinking water supply basin by passive sampling. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 318:120904. [PMID: 36565914 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are widely distributed along the world and their levels in surface waters may pose a risk to human health due to consumption of contaminated water or fish long-term exposure to contaminated water. The occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the Piedras river (Colombia) is a problem of serious concern since freshwater is conducted to a drinking water supply system that provides more than 3 million users. In this research, we deployed silicone rubber membranes as passive samplers in two sampling campaigns at seven sampling stations selected along the river, to assess sources and spatial variation of POPs. The measurements confirmed freely dissolved concentration of the EPA prioritized PAHs (excluding naphthalene), PCBs, heptachlor isomers, dieldrin, endosulfan isomers, among other POPs at trace levels in the water source. The Risk Quotient (RQ) method was applied to prioritize POPs with the highest potential toxicity over aquatic ecosystems. The OCP Heptachlor overcome RQ, while Dieldrin and Endosulfan, and some PAHs congeners such as Perylene, Pyrene, Benzo[a]pyrene, and Fluoranthene displayed medium-risk RQ. Significant differences between sampling stations assessed by One-way ANOVA suggested that the main PAHs and PCBs sources to the river were the punctual discharge from the WWTP and a leachate discharge form a landfill located in the study area. Additionally, nonpoint sources of OCPs were identified. Our results showed that the origin of PAHs and PCBs are associated with urban activities, while the contribution of OCPs is related to the presence of legacy pesticides from past usage in agricultural activities in the basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gil Ramírez
- Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería y Gestión Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53 - 108, Medellín, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación Ingeniar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Calle 51 No. 51-27, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jhon Fredy Narváez Valderrama
- Grupo de Investigación Ingeniar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Calle 51 No. 51-27, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Carlos Alberto Palacio Tobón
- Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería y Gestión Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53 - 108, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan José García
- Grupo de Investigación Ingeniar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Calle 51 No. 51-27, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan David Echeverri
- Corporación Autónoma Regional de los Ríos Negro y Nare CORNARE, Carrera 59 No. 44 - 48, El Santuario, Colombia
| | - Jaromír Sobotka
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Branislav Vrana
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic
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McDermett KS, Guelfo J, Anderson TA, Reible D, Jackson AW. The development of diffusive equilibrium, high-resolution passive samplers to measure perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in groundwater. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:134686. [PMID: 35489449 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of anthropogenic, highly recalcitrant organic compounds consisting of thousands of individual species that are of increasing importance as groundwater contaminants. In-situ measurements of PFAS would be useful to better understand vertical profiles and mobility, contamination in partially saturated media, and to reduce sampling artifacts associated with groundwater collection and analysis. Diffusive equilibrium, high-resolution passive samplers (HRPPs) can be directly driven (>10 m) in sediments or groundwater. The samplers equilibrate with porewater through diffusion across the sampler membrane, providing high spatial resolution (sample every 20 cm) porewater concentrations of dissolved species. The objective of this study was to develop an HRPP to measure PFAS in contaminated groundwater and saturated media. To achieve this objective, a screening study was conducted to demonstrate quantitative measurement of selected PFAS as well as the kinetics of uptake into a sampler using both nylon and stainless steel membranes. Utilizing the results of the screening study, a prototype sampler was demonstrated in a laboratory flow box. Over a deployment period of 28 days, concentrations of several perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), a perfluoroalkyl sulfonate (PFSA), and a precursor PFAS reached equilibrium with porewater (sampler concentration >90 percent of porewater concentration). Application of these samplers could provide improved understanding of the behavior of PFAS in saturated or partially saturated groundwater systems and allow better assessment of fate and transport in the subsurface. Reliable subsurface site characterization will yield robust site assessments, conceptual models, and improve remediation designs as well as increase confidence in post remedial assessments at PFAS-impacted locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylin S McDermett
- (Primary Author) Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Jennifer Guelfo
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Todd A Anderson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79416, USA
| | - Danny Reible
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Andrew W Jackson
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, 911 Boston Ave., Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
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9
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Wernicke T, Rojo-Nieto E, Paschke A, Nogueira Tavares C, Brauns M, Jahnke A. Exploring the partitioning of hydrophobic organic compounds between water, suspended particulate matter and diverse fish species in a German river ecosystem. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2022; 34:66. [PMID: 35946043 PMCID: PMC9355927 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-022-00644-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioaccumulation of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) along freshwater food chains is a major environmental concern as top predators in food webs are relevant for human consumption. To characterize and manage the associated risks, considerable numbers of organisms are sampled regularly for monitoring purposes. However, ethical and financial issues call for an alternative, more generic and more robust approach for assessing the internal exposure of fish that circumvents large variability in biota sampling due to interindividual differences. Passive sampling devices (PSDs) offer a fugacity-based approach for pollutant enrichment from different abiotic environmental compartments with a subsequent estimation of bioaccumulation in fish which we explored and compared to HOC concentrations in fish as determined using traditional approaches. RESULTS In this study, concentrations in silicone-based PSDs applied to the water phase and suspended particulate matter (SPM) of a river polluted with HOCs were used to estimate the concentration in model lipids at thermodynamic equilibrium with either environmental compartment. For comparison, muscle tissue of seven fish species (trophic level 1.8 to 2.8) was extracted using traditional exhaustive solvent extraction, and the lipid-normalized concentrations of HOCs were determined. The PSD-based data from SPM proved to be a more conservative estimator for HOCs accumulated in fish than those from water. Body length of the fish was found to be more suitable to describe increasing accumulation of HOCs than their trophic level as derived from stable isotope analysis and might offer a suitable alternative for future studies. CONCLUSIONS By combining fugacity-based sampling in the abiotic environment, translation into corresponding concentrations in model lipids and body length as an indicator for increasing bioaccumulation in fish, we present a suggestion for a robust approach that may be a meaningful addition to conventional monitoring methods. This approach potentially increases the efficiency of existing monitoring programs without the need to regularly sacrifice vertebrate species. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12302-022-00644-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Wernicke
- Department of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Elisa Rojo-Nieto
- Department of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Albrecht Paschke
- Department of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Nogueira Tavares
- Department of River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Brückstraße 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Conservation Biology & Social-Ecological Systems, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mario Brauns
- Department of River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Brückstraße 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Annika Jahnke
- Department of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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10
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Wernicke T, Abel S, Escher BI, Koschorreck J, Rüdel H, Jahnke A. Equilibrium sampling of suspended particulate matter as a universal proxy for fish and mussel monitoring. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 232:113285. [PMID: 35149408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccumulation of persistent and hydrophobic organic compounds in the aquatic environment puts secondary consumers, such as fish, at risk. To assess their exposure, monitoring programs with high numbers of individuals have been conducted worldwide over decades that require major efforts and raise ethical issues. This study aimed at testing suspended particulate matter (SPM) as an alternative and accessible abiotic matrix to estimate the internal exposure concentrations of such chemicals in fish and mussels. Muscle tissues of bream (Abramis brama), tissues of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) and SPM were collected from four major German rivers, Elbe, Danube, Saar and Saale, in 2018 within the national monitoring program of the German Environmental Specimen Bank. We used (i) total solvent extraction for biota samples to quantify the lipid-normalized concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and hexachlorobenzene and (ii) passive equilibrium sampling of SPM to derive equilibrium partitioning concentrations in lipids and (iii) set these independent data sets into context. Since the ratio of lipid-normalized concentration / equilibrium partitioning concentration in lipids was in most cases < 1.0, SPM may serve as a conservative proxy for the internal concentration of bream and mussels, although bream of high age (i.e., older than 10 years) showed a tendency for this ratio to exceed 1.0. This observation indicates that age-dependent biomagnification can exceed the predictions based on thermodynamic equilibrium relative to SPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Wernicke
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Ecological Chemistry, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Abel
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Ecological Chemistry, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beate I Escher
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Cell Toxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Environmental Toxicology, Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Koschorreck
- Federal Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Corrensplatz 1, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heinz Rüdel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Annika Jahnke
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Ecological Chemistry, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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11
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Xu Y, Qing D, Xie R, Zhu F, Gao X, Rao K, Ma M, Wang Z. Integrated passive sampling and fugacity model to characterize fate and removal of organophosphate flame retardants in an anaerobic-anoxic-oxic municipal wastewater treatment system. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127288. [PMID: 34592594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is crucial to deeply understand the fate and removal mechanism of various organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs) in specified wastewater treatment processes. However, concentration fluctuation and matrix effect in wastewater challenge quantification of PFR flux for both field observation and model validation. We present measured seasonal distribution profiles of time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations by in situ hydrophobic and polar passive samplers and modeled mass transport and transformation by means of fugacity for 11 PFRs with varied structures in an anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A-A-O) municipal wastewater treatment system, and provided a systematic approach to characterize fate and removal mechanism of PFRs in major compartments via various treatment processes. We find evidence that PFRs have a unique structural-dependent fate and removal in the A-A-O system. Hydrophilic chlorinated-PFRs present persistent in all major compartments and dominate in effluents with significant variations; alkyl-PFRs are majorly reduced by biodegradation; whereas hydrophobic aryl-PFRs have the highest removal percentage, contributed by both sorption on solids and biotransformation. Sensitive analysis shows the most influential operation parameters on removal efficiency varied among the PFRs with different properties. We also conclude passive sampling can be effectively applied to estimate TWA wastewater concentrations and to validate fugacity model prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Dahan Qing
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruili Xie
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fenfen Zhu
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Xiaozhong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaifeng Rao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Mei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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12
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Vanryckeghem F, Huysman S, Smedes F, Van Langenhove H, Vanhaecke L, Demeestere K. A Simple Teabag Equilibrium Passive Sampler using hydrophilic divinylbenzene sorbent for contaminants of emerging concern in the marine environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 777:146055. [PMID: 33684757 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A promising concept for sampling contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) using a home-made Simple Teabag Equilibrium Passive Sampler (STEPS) containing hydrophilic divinylbenzene (h-DVB) sorbent is presented and evaluated for application in estuarine systems. The uptake of a multi-class mixture of CECs with a broad polarity range (Log P ranging from -0.1 to 9.9) was investigated in static exposure batch experiments. Sampling rates (Rs) and equilibrium partitioning coefficients (Ksw) were determined for up to 74 CECs. Fast uptake (Rs = 0.3-12 L d-1) was noticed and the STEPS attained equilibrium partitioning after 1 to 2 weeks of exposure, with Log Ksw ranging from 4.1 to 6.5 L kg-1. Field application of this novel h-DVB containing STEPS, followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry, revealed the presence of up to 40 steroidal hormones, (alkyl)phenols, phthalates, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and pesticides in the Belgian Part of the North Sea. The measured trace concentrations (from 0.003 ng L-1 to 1.9 μg L-1) and good precision (average RSD < 30%, n = 3) demonstrate the STEPS as fit-for-purpose for micropollutant analysis in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Vanryckeghem
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Research Group Environmental Organic Chemistry and Technology (EnVOC), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steve Huysman
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Laboratory of Chemical Analysis (LCA), Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Foppe Smedes
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Sciences, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Herman Van Langenhove
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Research Group Environmental Organic Chemistry and Technology (EnVOC), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Laboratory of Chemical Analysis (LCA), Merelbeke, Belgium; Queen's University, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Kristof Demeestere
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Research Group Environmental Organic Chemistry and Technology (EnVOC), Ghent, Belgium.
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13
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Sobotka J, Lammel G, Slobodník J, Schink A, Prokeš R, Vrana B. Dynamic passive sampling of hydrophobic organic compounds in surface seawater along the South Atlantic Ocean east-to-west transect and across the Black Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 168:112375. [PMID: 33895394 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mapping of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in surface seawater on an east-to-west transect of the South Atlantic Ocean (SAO) and across the Black Sea (BS) in 2016 was performed by a dynamic passive sampling device containing silicone-based passive samplers. In SAO as well as in BS the measurements confirmed freely dissolved concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls, DDT and its metabolites, chlorobenzenes, cyclodiene pesticides, and brominated flame retardants in the range of units to low hundreds of pg per litre. The findings indicate that the spatial distribution of HOCs and emerging pollutants in the SAO and the BS is influenced by riverine inputs, ocean currents and atmospheric deposition from continental plumes. Observed concentration gradients indicate that eastern SAO receives DDT from sources in South Africa, whereas the emissions of endosulfan originate in South America. Elevated HOC concentrations in the northwestern BS are related to their discharge by rivers from the European continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaromír Sobotka
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/3, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gerhard Lammel
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/3, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Anne Schink
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Roman Prokeš
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/3, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Branislav Vrana
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/3, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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14
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Booij K. Passive Sampler Exchange Kinetics in Large and Small Water Volumes Under Mixed Rate Control by Sorbent and Water Boundary Layer. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:1241-1254. [PMID: 33492717 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exchange kinetics of organic compounds between passive samplers and water can be partly or completely controlled by transport in the sorbent. In such cases diffusion models are needed. A model is discussed that is based on a series of cosines (space) and exponentials (time). The model applies to mixed rate control by sorbent and water boundary layer under conditions of fixed aqueous concentrations (open systems, infinite water volumes, in situ sampling) and fixed amounts (closed systems, finite water volumes, ex situ sampling). Details on the implementation of the model in computational software and spreadsheet programs are discussed, including numerical accuracy. Key parameters are Biot number (ratio of internal/external transfer resistance) and sorbent/water phase ratio. Small Biot numbers are always indicative of rate control by the water boundary layer, but for large Biot numbers this may still be the case over short time scales. Application to environmental monitoring of nonpolar compounds showed that diffusion models are rarely needed for sampling with commonly used single-phase polymers. For determining sorption coefficients in batch incubations, the model demonstrated a profound effect of sorbent/water phase ratio on time to equilibrium. Application of the model to sampling of polar organic compounds by extraction disks with or without a membrane showed that moderate to major sorbent-controlled kinetics is likely to occur. This implies that the use of sampling rate models for such samplers needs to be reconsidered. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1241-1254. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kees Booij
- Passive Sampling of Organic Compounds, Kimswerd, The Netherlands
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15
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Godere M, Mondange S, Doumenq P, Gonzalez C, Malleret L. First study of passive sampling to monitor short-chain chlorinated paraffins in water: Comparing capabilities of Chemcatcher® and silicone rubber samplers. Talanta 2020; 224:121920. [PMID: 33379121 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are high-volume chemicals raising concerns because of their classification as priority hazardous substances by the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) and their recent inclusion in the persistent organic pollutants' (POPs) list by the Stockholm convention. As this group cover up to 5000 isomers, their measurement is still challenging. Hence the SCCPs occurrence in the environment is poorly documented in comparison with other POPs, especially in matrices where they are present at ultratrace levels such as waters. In the two-past decades, passive sampling has been increasingly used as it overcomes some major drawbacks associated to the conventional grab sampling. This study constitutes the first work aiming to examine the passive sampling's applicability for the monitoring of such complex analytes' mixtures in waters. Optimization and calibration of two proven passive samplers, namely silicone rubbers and Chemcatcher®, were performed through batch and laboratory pilot experiments. Despite the thousands of molecules present in the SCCPs mixture, the resulting global kinetic uptakes fitted well with the theorical model, for both samplers. Sampling rates of 8.0 L d-1 for silicone rubbers and 0.53 L d-1 for Chemcatcher® were found, and logKsw determined for silicone rubbers equaled 4.24 to 4.95. These values are in complete agreement with published data for other HOCs. A field trial carried out in marine coastal environments provided further evidence to demonstrate the applicability of the passive samplers to measure CPs amounts in water bodies. All these results unveil that passive sampling using silicone rubbers or Chemcatcher® can be a relevant approach to track traces of such complex mixtures in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Godere
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, France
| | - Stella Mondange
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, France; Laboratoire de Génie de L'Environnement Industriel, IMT Mines Alès, 6 Avenue de Clavières, 30319, Alès, France
| | - Pierre Doumenq
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, France
| | - Catherine Gonzalez
- Laboratoire de Génie de L'Environnement Industriel, IMT Mines Alès, 6 Avenue de Clavières, 30319, Alès, France
| | - Laure Malleret
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, France; Laboratoire de Génie de L'Environnement Industriel, IMT Mines Alès, 6 Avenue de Clavières, 30319, Alès, France.
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16
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Jaglal K. Contaminated aquatic sediments. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:1826-1832. [PMID: 32860296 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The remediation of contaminated aquatic sediments requires a range of expertise from assessment (investigation, risk evaluations, modeling, and remedy selection) to design and construction. Research in 2019 has added to knowledge on optimizing the use of passive samplers for assessing chemical concentrations in sediment porewater. The porewater and black carbon appear to be better predictors of contaminant bioaccumulation than total organic carbon alone. This has led to better characterization of potential risk at sediment sites. Tools to identify and model sources of chemicals have been developed and used particularly for some metals, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls. There is great emphasis on beneficially using dredged sediment, treating it as a resource rather than a waste. Amendments used in sediment caps continue to be refined including the use of activated carbon within the caps and by itself. A technique involving 16S rRNA has been established as a means of identifying microbiological composition that naturally degrade contaminants. © 2020 Water Environment Federation PRACTITIONER POINTS: Sediment capping technology continues to advance Sampling and testing methods continue to be refined Natural processes such as biodegradation are being better understood Beneficial use of dredged sediment continue to be emphasized.
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17
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Smedes F, Sobotka J, Rusina TP, Fialová P, Carlsson P, Kopp R, Vrana B. Unraveling the Relationship between the Concentrations of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Freshwater Fish of Different Trophic Levels and Water Using Passive Sampling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:7942-7951. [PMID: 32551598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in aquatic biota are used for compliance, as well as time and spatial trend monitoring in the aqueous environment (European Union water framework directive, OSPAR). Because of trophic magnification in the food chain, the thermodynamic levels of HOCs, for example, polychlorinated biphenyl congeners, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, and brominated diphenyl ether congeners, in higher trophic level (TL) organisms are expected to be strongly elevated above those in water. This work compares lipid-based concentrations at equilibrium with the water phase derived from aqueous passive sampling (CL⇌water) with the lipid-based concentrations in fillet and liver of fish (CL) at different TLs for three water bodies in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The CL values of HOCs in fish were near CL⇌water, only after trophic magnification up to TL = 4. For fish at lower TL, CL progressively decreased relative to CL⇌water as KOW of HOCs increased above 106. The CL value decreasing toward the bottom of the food chain suggests nonequilibrium for primary producers (algae), which is in agreement with modeling passive HOC uptake by algae. Because trophic magnification and the resulting CL in fish exhibit large natural variability, CL⇌water is a viable alternative for monitoring HOCs using fish, showing a twofold lower confidence range and requiring less samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foppe Smedes
- Faculty of Science, Centre RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromír Sobotka
- Faculty of Science, Centre RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tatsiana P Rusina
- Faculty of Science, Centre RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Fialová
- Faculty of Science, Centre RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pernilla Carlsson
- Faculty of Science, Centre RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Fram Centre, Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Hjalmar Johansen Gate 14, 9007 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Radovan Kopp
- Faculty of AgriSciences, Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture (FA), Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Branislav Vrana
- Faculty of Science, Centre RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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18
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Taylor AC, Fones GR, Vrana B, Mills GA. Applications for Passive Sampling of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Water—A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 51:20-54. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1675043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam C. Taylor
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Gary R. Fones
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Branislav Vrana
- Faculty of Science, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Graham A. Mills
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
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