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Abascal Miguel L, Mendez-Lizarraga CA, Rojo EM, Sepúlveda J. COVID-19 vaccine uptake and barriers among Indigenous language speakers in Mexico: Results from a nationally representative survey. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002921. [PMID: 38547235 PMCID: PMC10977884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Mexico faced a significant burden from the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the pandemic's onset in 2020, numerous studies have underscored the substantial risk of COVID-19 death among Indigenous individuals. This study aims to assess COVID-19 vaccine uptake among Indigenous language speakers in Mexico, focusing on understanding the barriers they face in obtaining access to vaccines. We used Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición Continua (ENSANUT) 2022, a nationally representative health survey in Mexico to analyze data on self-reported COVID-19 vaccine status, reasons for not getting vaccinated, and other relevant covariates. We employed logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for vaccine uptake and uptake barriers, all models were adjusted for potential confounders. Among 34,051 participants, 1793 individuals (5.23%) reported speaking an Indigenous language. Indigenous language speakers were found to have a lower vaccination rate (63%) compared to non-Indigenous language speakers (81%) (p <0.005). They were also 59% less likely to be vaccinated against COVID-19 (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.27-0.62), even when adjusted for confounders. Among unvaccinated individuals, Indigenous language speakers were more likely to cite negative beliefs about the vaccine or fear as reasons for not being vaccinated (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.11-3.00) while being less likely to report access barriers (OR 0.62, CI 95% 0.42-0.91). This study highlights disparities in COVID-19 vaccine uptake among Indigenous language speakers in Mexico. The findings underscore the urgent need for targeted, culturally appropriate public health interventions and the consideration of social and ethnic vulnerability in prioritizing vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Abascal Miguel
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Cesar A. Mendez-Lizarraga
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth M. Rojo
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jaime Sepúlveda
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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Torres EC, Moreno M, Rivadeneira MF. Vaccination against COVID-19 and socioeconomic inequalities: A cross-sectional study in Ecuador. Vaccine X 2023; 15:100393. [PMID: 37767539 PMCID: PMC10520883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Equity in vaccination against COVID-19 is a public health concern. The objective of this study was to analyze socioeconomic inequalities related to vaccination for the first and second doses from primary series against COVID-19 in Ecuador. Methods Secondary database study in 12,743,507 respondents from 15 years and over. The COVID-19 section of the National Survey of Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment (ENEMDU) was analyzed. Socioeconomic characteristics and vaccination against COVID-19 were associated with the at least one dose and second dose. Poisson regressions for complex samples were obtained. Results As of the date of the survey, 87.3% of the sample (95% CI 86.7%-87.8%) had received at least one vaccine against COVID-19. A lower probability of having received at least one vaccine against COVID-19 was found in rural areas (PR 0.82, 95% CI 0.74-0.91), indigenous population (PR 0.43, 95% CI 0.29-0.64), no level of education (PR 0.25, 95% CI 0.14-0.43), and the lowest economic income (PR 0.42, 95% CI 0.35-0.52). A significantly lower probability of vaccination with two or more doses was found in rural vs urban area (PR 0.88, 95% CI 0.80-0.96), women vs men (PR 0.85, 95% CI 0.77-0.91), indigenous population vs white (PR 0.44, 95% CI 0.33-0.59) and individuals in the lowest income quartile vs highest income quartile (PR 0.48, 95% CI 0.42-0.55). Underemployment, population economically inactive (PR 0.77, 95% CI 0.67-0.88 and PR 0.71, 95% CI 0.61-0.83) and individuals with no level of education (PR 0.39, 95% CI 0.27-0.58) also were less likely to complete the primary phase of vaccination compared with individuals in the highest income quartile, employment and postgraduate level of education. Conclusions There were socioeconomic inequalities with the primary series of vaccine against COVID-19, with a greater disadvantage for rural residents, women, indigenous populations, lower economic income and lower levels of education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eulalia C. Torres
- Facultad de Medicina, Maestría en Epidemiología para la Salud Pública, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Coordinación de Auditoria Médica, Hospital de Especialidades “José Carrasco Arteaga”, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Maribel Moreno
- Facultad de Medicina, Maestría en Epidemiología para la Salud Pública, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Coordinación de Gestión de Calidad, Hospital General de Ambato, Ecuador
| | - María F. Rivadeneira
- Facultad de Medicina, Maestría en Epidemiología para la Salud Pública, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
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de Oliveira LA, de Rezende IM, Navarini VJ, Marchioro SB, Torres AJL, Croda J, Croda MG, Gonçalves CCM, Xavier J, de Castro E, Lima M, Iani F, Adelino T, Aburjaile F, Ferraz Demarchi LH, Taira DL, Zardin MCSU, Fonseca V, Giovanetti M, Andrews J, Alcantara LCJ, Simionatto S. Genomic characterization of SARS-CoV-2 from an indigenous reserve in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1195779. [PMID: 37965526 PMCID: PMC10641392 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1195779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on indigenous populations. Understanding the viral dynamics within this population is essential to create targeted protection measures. Methods A total of 204 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples collected between May 2020 and November 2021 from an indigenous area in Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Midwestern Brazil, were screened. Samples were submitted to whole genome sequencing using the Nanopore sequencing platform. Clinical, demographic, and phylogenetic data were analyzed. Results We found the co-circulation of six main SARS-CoV-2 lineages in the indigenous population, with the Zeta lineage being the most prevalent (27.66%), followed by B.1.1 (an ancestral strain) (20.21%), Gamma (14.36%) and Delta (13.83%). Other lineages represent 45.74% of the total. Our phylogenetic reconstruction indicates that multiple introduction events of different SARS-CoV-2 lineages occurred in the indigenous villages in MS. The estimated indigenous population mortality rate was 1.47%. Regarding the ethnicity of our cohort, 64.82% belong to the Guarani ethnicity, while 33.16% belong to the Terena ethnicity, with a slightly higher prevalence of males (53.43%) among females. Other ethnicities represent 2.01%. We also observed that almost all patients (89.55%) presented signs and symptoms related to COVID-19, being the most prevalent cough, fever, sore throat, and headache. Discussion Our results revealed that multiple independent SARS-CoV-2 introduction events had occurred through time, probably due to indigenous mobility, since the villages studied here are close to urban areas in MS. The mortality rate was slightly below of the estimation for the state in the period studied, which we believe could be related to the small number of samples evaluated, the underreporting of cases and deaths among this population, and the inconsistency of secondary data available for this study. Conclusion In this study, we showed the circulation of multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants in this population, which should be isolated and protected as they belong to the most fragile group due to their socioeconomic and cultural disparities. We reinforce the need for constant genomic surveillance to monitor and prevent the spread of new emerging viruses and to better understand the viral dynamics in these populations, making it possible to direct specific actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Albuquerque de Oliveira
- Health Sciences Research Laboratory, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Izabela Mauricio de Rezende
- Stanford Pandemic Preparedness Hub, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Vinicius João Navarini
- Health Sciences Research Laboratory, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Silvana Beutinger Marchioro
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Alex José Leite Torres
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Julio Croda
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariana Garcia Croda
- Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Crhistinne Cavalheiro Maymone Gonçalves
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- State Secretariat of Health of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Joilson Xavier
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Emerson de Castro
- Ezequiel Dias Foundation (FUNED), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Lima
- Ezequiel Dias Foundation (FUNED), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Felipe Iani
- Ezequiel Dias Foundation (FUNED), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Talita Adelino
- Ezequiel Dias Foundation (FUNED), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flávia Aburjaile
- Preventive Veterinary Medicine Departament, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Deborah Ledesma Taira
- State Secretariat of Health of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Vagner Fonseca
- Pan American Health Organization - PAHO, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Marta Giovanetti
- Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Climate-Amplified Diseases and Epidemics (CLIMADE) Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jason Andrews
- Stanford Pandemic Preparedness Hub, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara
- Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Climate-Amplified Diseases and Epidemics (CLIMADE) Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Simone Simionatto
- Health Sciences Research Laboratory, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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Alves DE, Rogeberg O, Sattenspiel L, Mamelund S. Indigenous communities and influenza: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2023; 12:151. [PMID: 37644574 PMCID: PMC10466723 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02319-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have documented that specific Indigenous groups have been disproportionately affected by previous pandemics. The objective of this paper is to describe the protocol to be used in a review and meta-analysis of the literature on Indigenous groups and influenza. Using this protocol as a guide, a future study will provide a comprehensive historical overview of pre-COVID impact of influenza on Indigenous groups by combining data from the last five influenza pandemics and seasonal influenza up to date. METHODS/PRINCIPLE FINDINGS The review will include peer-reviewed original studies published in English, Spanish, Portuguese, Swedish, Danish, and Norwegian. Records will be identified through systematic literature search in eight databases: Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Academic Search Ultimate, SocINDEX, ASSIA, and Google Scholar. Results will be summarized narratively and using meta-analytic strategies. DISCUSSION To our knowledge, there is no systematic review combining historical data on the impact of both seasonal and pandemic influenza on Indigenous populations. By summarizing results within and across Indigenous groups, different countries, and historical periods, as well as research in six different languages, we aim to provide information on how strong the risk for influenza is among Indigenous groups and how consistent this risk is across groups, regions, time, and seasonal versus the specific pandemic influenza strains. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42021246391.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Alves
- Work Research Institute and Centre for Research on Pandemics and Society, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
| | - O Rogeberg
- Frisch Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - L Sattenspiel
- Department of Anthropology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - S Mamelund
- Centre for Research on Pandemics and Society, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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Little BB, Shakib S, Pena Reyes ME, Karimi S, Vu GT, Dupré N, McKinney WP, Mitra R. COVID-19 infection and mortality among non-pregnant indigenous adults in Mexico 2020-2022: Impact of marginalisation. J Glob Health 2023; 13:06030. [PMID: 37506193 PMCID: PMC10386760 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.13.06030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Indigenous individuals have higher rates of mortality and poverty in Mexico and more than half are marginalised, and COVID-19 pandemic aggravated the existing burden of health disparities. We aimed to analyse the effects of being indigenous and marginalised on coronavirus (COVID-19) infection fatality in Mexico. Methods We identified 3 424 690 non-pregnant, COVID-19 positive adults ≥19 years in the Mexico national COVID-19 database with known date of symptom. We used demographic information, indigenous status, marginalisation status, and co-morbidities in binary logistic regression to predict mortality, adjusting for covariates, including hospitalisation, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), and mechanical ventilation use. We also assessed the interaction between indigenous status and marginalisation. Results Marginalisation was much higher among indigenous (53.7%) compared to non-indigenous individuals (4.8%). COVID-19 fatalities were approximately 20 years older (64.4 and 63.0 years) than survivors (44.7 and 41.2 years) among indigenous vs non-indigenous individuals, respectively. The unadjusted risk of COVID-19 fatality among indigenous individuals was nearly two-fold (odds ratio (OR) = 1.92)) compared to non-indigenous individuals (OR = 1.05). COVID-19 fatality was higher among highly marginalised individuals (upper quartile) (OR = 1.51; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.49-1.54). Marginalised indigenous individuals had a significantly lower likelihood of ICU admission compared to non-indigenous non-marginalised individuals. The likelihood of mechanical ventilation for indigenous individuals was 4% higher compared to non-indigenous individuals. Indigenous marginalised individuals had a significantly lower probability of mechanical ventilation compared to non-indigenous non-marginalised individuals. COVID-19 comorbidity risks of fatality significantly differed between the two groups in the Cox survival analysis. In the fully adjusted model, indigenous individuals were 4% more likely to die from COVID-19 compared to non-indigenous. Conclusions Indigenous, marginalised individuals with COVID-19 had higher risk of hospitalisation and ICU admission than non-indigenous patients. Marginalised, indigenous individuals were less likely to receive mechanical ventilation compared to non-indigenous, but had a higher risk of COVID-19. Indigenous individuals had a 4% higher COVID-19 mortality risk COVID-19 compared to non-indigenous individuals. Improved community medical care and augmented health services in rural hospitals could mitigate barriers to health care access in indigenous, marginalised populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert B Little
- School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Shaminul Shakib
- School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Maria E Pena Reyes
- Escuela de Nacional Antroplogia e Historia and Instituto de Nacional Antroplogia e Historia Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Seyed Karimi
- School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Giang T Vu
- School of Global Health Management and Informatics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Natalie Dupré
- School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - W Paul McKinney
- School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Riten Mitra
- School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Li H. I belong, therefore I am: The role of economic culture in compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS : IJIR 2023; 96:101856. [PMID: 38620216 PMCID: PMC10308229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2023.101856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Cultural orientations in relation to individualism and collectivism produced by subsistence strategies can lead to a wide array of consequences for perception, cognition, and emotion. We predict that, as a result of different economic patterns, farmers with greater collectivism would show more compliance with COVID-19 precautionary behavior than herders with greater individualism. By adopting a "just minimal difference" approach, we compared Chinese farming and herding communities that share a national identity, ethnicity, and residential area but vary in their degree of individualism-collectivism. Consistent with our hypothesis, Study 1 found that farmers reported higher compliance with prevention initiatives than herders in self-report survey. Study 2 provided a behavioral choice confirmation of the observed relationship. The present research provides the empirical evidence that economic activities can have divergent effects on mitigation strategies in the COVID-19 fight, and these results have meaningful implications for socioecological psychology theory and for pandemic prevention and control. Data Availability Statement The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Sichuan International Studies University, China
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7
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Mousavinia SF. Effects of housing layout and perceived behavioral control over social distancing in relation between social isolation and psychological distress during pandemic of COVID-19. JOURNAL OF HOUSING AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT : HBE 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37360068 PMCID: PMC10176306 DOI: 10.1007/s10901-023-10035-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Due to the results of the COVID-19 epidemic on health, the positive effect of social distancing has been highlighted. Nevertheless, the effect of housing layouts on resident's perceived behavioral control over social distancing in shared open spaces have been rarely investigated in the context of pandemic. Filling this gap, the current study examines the moderating effect of perceived behavioral control on the relationship between social isolation and psychological distress. Data from 1349 women residing in 9 gated communities during the Iranian national lockdown were collected. The results of ANOVA indicate that there is a significant difference between various housing layouts in terms of residents' perceived behavioral control. Respondent in courtyard blocks layout reported higher perceived behavioral control over social distancing than in linear and freestanding blocks. The findings of structural equation modeling identified perceived behavioral control as a buffer against the effect of social isolation on psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyedeh Fatemeh Mousavinia
- Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad, Iran
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Sánchez L, Koulidobrova H. World Health Organization myth busters and indigenous perceptions of COVID-19: Quechua and Shipibo communities. AMPERSAND (OXFORD, UK) 2023; 10:100118. [PMID: 37155502 PMCID: PMC10111860 DOI: 10.1016/j.amper.2023.100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
When the COVID (SARS-V2) pandemic swept across the world, it impacted Indigenous communities more than others. This is due to a variety of reasons: socioeconomic injustice and racialization, lack of access to equitable healthcare, and linguistic discrimination. As a result, several communities and community types demonstrated this effect when perceptions of inferences or other COVID-related information were measured. This paper reports on a participatory collaborative study with two Indigenous communities in rural Peru-ten Quechua-speaking communities in Southern Cuzco and three Shipibo-speaking communities in Ucayali regions. We investigate the communities' level of preparedness for the crisis by eliciting answers based on the World Health Organization COVID 'MythBusters' in a form of a semi-structured interview. Interviews were transcribed, translated, and analyzed in search of the effect of three variables: gender (male/female), language group (Shipibo/Quechua), and proficiency in the Indigenous language (from 0 to 4). Data reveal that all three variables have some effect on the target comprehension of COVID-related messages. Additionally, we explore other possible explanations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Sánchez
- University of Illinois Chicago, Department of Hispanic and Italian Studies, 601 S. Morgan St., 1722 UH Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Helen Koulidobrova
- Central Connecticut State University, Department of English, Willard 404-06 1615 Stanley St., New Britain, CT, 06050, USA
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Pickering K, Galappaththi EK, Ford JD, Singh C, Zavaleta-Cortijo C, Hyams K, Miranda JJ, Arotoma-Rojas I, Togarepi C, Kaur H, Arvind J, Scanlon H, Namanya DB, Anza-Ramirez C. Indigenous peoples and the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic scoping review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS : ERL [WEB SITE] 2023; 18:033001. [PMID: 36798651 PMCID: PMC9923364 DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/acb804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Past influenza pandemics including the Spanish flu and H1N1 have disproportionately affected Indigenous Peoples. We conducted a systematic scoping review to provide an overview of the state of understanding of the experience of Indigenous peoples during the first 18 months of the COVID-19 pandemic, in doing so we capture the state of knowledge available to governments and decision makers for addressing the needs of Indigenous peoples in these early months of the pandemic. We addressed three questions: (a) How is COVID-19 impacting the health and livelihoods of Indigenous peoples, (b) What system level challenges are Indigenous peoples experiencing, (c) How are Indigenous peoples responding? We searched Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases and UN organization websites for publications about Indigenous peoples and COVID-19. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. A total of 153 publications were included: 140 peer-reviewed articles and 13 from UN organizations. Editorial/commentaries were the most (43%) frequent type of publication. Analysis identified Indigenous peoples from 19 different countries, although 56% of publications were centered upon those in Brazil, United States, and Canada. The majority (90%) of articles focused upon the general adult population, few (<2%) used a gender lens. A small number of articles documented COVID-19 testing (0.04%), incidence (18%), or mortality (16%). Five themes of system level challenges affecting exposure and livelihoods evolved: ecological, poverty, communication, education and health care services. Responses were formal and informal strategies from governments, Indigenous organizations and communities. A lack of ethnically disaggregated health data and a gender lens are constraining our knowledge, which is clustered around a limited number of Indigenous peoples in mostly high-income countries. Many Indigenous peoples have autonomously implemented their own coping strategies while government responses have been largely reactive and inadequate. To 'build back better' we must address these knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerrie Pickering
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Eranga K Galappaththi
- Department of Geography, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - James D Ford
- Priestley International Centre for Climate, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Chandni Singh
- School of Environment and Development, Indian Institute for Human Settlements, Bangalore, India
| | - Carol Zavaleta-Cortijo
- Unidad de Ciudadanía Intercultural y Salud Indígena (UCISI), Facultad de Salud Pública y Administración, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Keith Hyams
- Department of Politics and International Studies, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - J Jaime Miranda
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Ingrid Arotoma-Rojas
- Priestley International Centre for Climate, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Cecil Togarepi
- Department of Animal Production, Agribusiness and Economics, School of Agriculture and Fisheries Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Indian Institute for Human Settlements, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Halena Scanlon
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Didacus B Namanya
- Ministry of Health, Uganda National Health Research Organisation, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Cecilia Anza-Ramirez
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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Morales-Jadán D, Vallejo-Janeta AP, Bastidas V, Paredes-Espinosa MB, Freire-Paspuel B, Rivera-Olivero I, Ortiz-Prado E, Henriquez-Trujillo AR, Lozada T, Garcia-Bereguiain MA. High SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and viral loads in community-dwelling individuals from rural indigenous and mestizo communities from the Andes during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1001679. [PMID: 36844208 PMCID: PMC9949717 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1001679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neglected indigenous groups and underserved rural populations in Latin America are highly vulnerable to COVID-19 due to poor health infrastructure and limited access to SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. The Andean region in Ecuador includes a large number of isolated rural mestizo and indigenous communities living under poverty conditions. Objective We herein present a retrospective analysis of the surveillance SARS-CoV-2 testing in community-dwelling populations from four provinces in the Ecuadorian Andes, carried out during the first weeks after the national lockdown was lifted in June 2020. Results A total number of 1,021 people were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-qPCR, resulting in an overall high infection rate of 26.2% (268/1,021, 95% CI: 23.6-29%), which was over 50% in several communities. Interestingly, community-dwelling super spreaders with viral loads over 108 copies/mL represented 7.46% (20/268, 95% CI: 4.8-11.1%) of the SARS-CoV-2 infected population. Conclusion These results support that COVID-19 community transmission in rural communities from the Andean region was happening at the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador and point out the weakness of the COVID-19 control program. Community-dwelling individuals in neglected rural and indigenous communities should be considered for a successful control and surveillance program in future pandemics in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Morales-Jadán
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
- “UDLA COVID-19 Team, ” Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Alexander Paolo Vallejo-Janeta
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
- “UDLA COVID-19 Team, ” Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Vanessa Bastidas
- “UDLA COVID-19 Team, ” Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | | | | - Esteban Ortiz-Prado
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
- Universidad Latina de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - Tannya Lozada
- “UDLA COVID-19 Team, ” Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Miguel Angel Garcia-Bereguiain
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
- Universidad Latina de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
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11
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Vaz-Rodrigues R, Mazuecos L, Villar M, Urra JM, Gortázar C, de la Fuente J. Serum biomarkers for nutritional status as predictors in COVID-19 patients before and after vaccination. J Funct Foods 2023; 101:105412. [PMID: 36644001 PMCID: PMC9829648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize serum protein biomarkers for nutritional status that may be used as predictors for disease symptomatology in COVID-19 patients before and after vaccination. In pre-vaccine cohorts, proteomics analysis revealed significant differences between groups, with serum proteins alpha-1-acid glycoproteins (AGPs) 1 and 2, C-reactive protein (CRP) and retinol binding protein (RBP) increasing with COVID-19 severity, in contrast with serum albumin, transthyretin (TTR) and serotransferrin (TF) reduction as the symptomatology increased. Immunoassay reproduced and validated proteomics results of serum proteins albumin and RBP. In post-vaccine cohorts, the results showed the same pattern as in pre-vaccine cohorts for serum proteins AGPs, CRP, albumin and TTR. However, TF levels were similar between groups and RBP presented a slight reduction as COVID-19 symptomatology increased. In these cohorts, immunoassay validated proteomics results of serum proteins albumin, TTR and TF. Additionally, immune response to α-Gal in pre-vaccine cohorts varied in predominant immunoglobulin type profile, while post-vaccine groups presented mainly anti-α-Gal protective IgG antibodies. The study identified serum nutritional biomarkers that could potentially predict an accurate prognostic of COVID-19 disease to provide an appropriate nutritional care and guidance in non-vaccinated and vaccinated individuals against SARS-CoV-2. These results highlight the importance of designing personalized nutrition protocols to improve diet along with the application of prebiotics or probiotics for the control of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Vaz-Rodrigues
- Health and Biotechnology (SaBio), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Lorena Mazuecos
- Health and Biotechnology (SaBio), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Margarita Villar
- Health and Biotechnology (SaBio), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain,Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, and Regional Centre for Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José Miguel Urra
- Immunology, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain,Medicine School, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha (UCLM), 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Christian Gortázar
- Health and Biotechnology (SaBio), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José de la Fuente
- Health and Biotechnology (SaBio), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA,Corresponding author at: SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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12
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Diaz-Castro L, Suarez-Herrera JC, Gonzalez-Ruiz OO, Orozco-Nunez E, Sanchez-Dominguez MS. Governance in mental healthcare policies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1017483. [PMID: 36960375 PMCID: PMC10029603 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1017483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has become the greatest burden of disease worldwide and in Mexico, affecting more vulnerable groups in society, such as people with mental disorders (MD). This research aims to analyze the governance processes in the formulation of healthcare policies for people with MD in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. An analytical qualitative study, based on semi-structured interviews with key informants in the healthcare system was conducted in 2020. The study followed the theoretical-methodological principles of the Governance Analytical Framework (GAF). The software ATLAS.ti-V.9 was used for inductive thematic analysis, classifying themes and their categories. To ensure the proper interpretation of the data, a process of triangulation among the researchers was carried out. The findings revealed that in Mexico, the federal Secretary of Health issued guidelines for mental healthcare, but there is no defined national policy. Decision-making involved multiple actors, with different strategies and scopes, depending on the type of key-actor and their level of influence. Majority of informants described a problem of implementation in which infection control policies in the psychiatric population were the same as in the general populations which decreased the percentage of access to healthcare during the pandemic, without specific measures to address this vulnerable population. The results suggest that there is a lack of specific policies and measures to address the needs of people with mental disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. It also highlights the importance of considering the role of different actors and their level of influence in the decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Diaz-Castro
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz, Directorate of Epidemiological and Psychosocial Research, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Lina Diaz-Castro
| | - Jose Carlos Suarez-Herrera
- KEDGE Business School, Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Development, Department of Strategy, Marseille, France
| | | | - Emanuel Orozco-Nunez
- Medical Sciences, National Institute of Public Health, Health Systems Research Center, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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13
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Novak B, Hernández Flores JA. A year and a half into the pandemic in Mexico: evidence of differences in COVID-19 mortality between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations continues to accumulate. ALTERNATIVE (AUCKLAND, N.Z. : 2005) 2022; 18:613-624. [PMID: 38603405 PMCID: PMC9646890 DOI: 10.1177/11771801221134710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Among the groups most vulnerable to COVID-19 are Indigenous populations around the world, and in particular, the Mexican Indigenous population. We used public data made available by the General Directorate of Epidemiology of the Mexican Ministry of Health to compare the risk of COVID-19 mortality among the Indigenous and non-Indigenous Mexican population one and a half years into the pandemic. The analytical sample comprises 3,545,952 Mexicans who were diagnosed as infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 between March 18, 2020, and September 16, 2021, of which 1.0% (36,195) are Indigenous. Based on parametric survival models, our results show that the risk of death among Indigenous individuals is 52% higher than that of their non-Indigenous counterparts, regardless of age, sex, area of residence, health service, number of chronic diseases, and obesity status. These results suggest that certain structural conditions of the Mexican Indigenous population increase their vulnerability to the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Novak
- Center for Demographic, Urban and Environmental
Studies, El Colegio de México, Mexico
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14
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Rezaei Z, Vahidnia MH. Effective medical center finding during COVID-19 pandemic using a spatial DSS centered on ontology engineering. GEOJOURNAL 2022; 88:2721-2735. [PMID: 36320661 PMCID: PMC9612622 DOI: 10.1007/s10708-022-10777-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The global spread of the coronavirus has generated one of the most critical circumstances forcing healthcare systems to deal with it everywhere in the world. The complexity of crisis management, particularly in Iran, the unfamiliarity of the disease, and a lack of expertise, provided the foundation for researchers and implementers to propose innovative solutions. One of the most important obstacles in COVID-19 crisis management is the lack of information and the need for immediate and real-time data on the situation and appropriate solutions. Such complex problems fall into the category of semi-structured problems. In this respect, decision support systems use people's mental resources with computer capabilities to improve the quality of decisions. In synergetic situations, for instance, healthcare domains cooperating with spatial solutions, coming to a decision needs logical reasoning and high-level analysis. Therefore, it is necessary to add rich semantics to different classes of involved data, find their relationships, and conceptualize the knowledge domain. For the COVID-19 case in this study, ontologies allow for querying over such established relationships to find related medical solutions based on description logic. Bringing such capabilities to a spatial decision support system (SDSS) can help with better control of the COVID-19 pandemic. Ontology-based SDSS solution has been developed in this study due to the complexity of information related to coronavirus and its geospatial aspect in the city of Tehran. According to the results, ontology can rationalize different classes and properties about the user's clinical information, various medical centers, and users' priority. Then, based on the user's requests in a web-based SDSS, the system focuses on the inference made, advises the users on choosing the most related medical center, and navigates the user on a map. The ontology's capacity for reasoning, overcoming knowledge gaps, and combining geographic and descriptive criteria to choose a medical center all contributed to promising outcomes and the satisfaction of the sample community of evaluators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rezaei
- Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad H. Vahidnia
- Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Castro GB, Bernegossi AC, Sousa BJDO, De Lima E Silva MR, Silva FRD, Freitas BLS, Ogura AP, Corbi JJ. Global occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 in environmental aquatic matrices and its implications for sanitation and vulnerabilities in Brazil and developing countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:2160-2199. [PMID: 34310248 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1949437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper includes a systematic review of the SARS-CoV-2 occurrence in environmental aquatic matrices and a critical sanitation analysis. We discussed the interconnection of sanitation services (wastewater, water supply, solid waste, and stormwater drainage) functioning as an important network for controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in waters. We collected 98 studies containing data of the SARS-CoV-2 occurrence in aquatic matrices around the world, of which 40% were from developing countries. Alongside a significant number of people infected by the virus, developing countries face socioeconomic deficiencies and insufficient public investment in infrastructure. Therefore, our study focused on highlighting solutions to provide sanitation in developing countries, considering the virus control in waters by disinfection techniques and sanitary measures, including alternatives for the vulnerable communities. The need for multilateral efforts to improve the universal coverage of sanitation services demands urgent attention in a pandemic scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleyson B Castro
- Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline C Bernegossi
- Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno José de O Sousa
- Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando R Da Silva
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Luíza S Freitas
- Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Allan P Ogura
- Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- PPG-SEA and CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano J Corbi
- Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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16
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Olanrewaju OI, Chileshe N, Adekunle EO, Salihu C. Modelling the environmental, economic and social impacts of coronavirus pandemic on the construction industry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15623599.2022.2120077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oludolapo Ibrahim Olanrewaju
- Wellington School of Architecture, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- Dollahills Research Lab, Dollasoft Technologies, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Nicholas Chileshe
- UniSA STEM, Sustainable Infrastructure and Resource Management (SIRM), University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ebenezer Oludare Adekunle
- Dollahills Research Lab, Dollasoft Technologies, Lagos State, Nigeria
- Department of Quantity Surveying, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - Comfort Salihu
- Dollahills Research Lab, Dollasoft Technologies, Lagos State, Nigeria
- Newcastle University Business School, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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17
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Dahal S, Mamelund SE, Luo R, Sattenspiel L, Self-Brown S, Chowell G. Investigating COVID-19 transmission and mortality differences between indigenous and non-indigenous populations in Mexico. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 122:910-920. [PMID: 35905949 PMCID: PMC9357430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Indigenous populations have been disproportionately affected during pandemics. We investigated COVID-19 mortality estimates among indigenous and non-indigenous populations at national and sub-national levels in Mexico. METHODS We obtained data from the Ministry of Health, Mexico, on 2,173,036 laboratory-confirmed RT-PCR positive COVID-19 cases and 238,803 deaths. We estimated mortality per 1000 person-weeks, mortality rate ratio (RR) among indigenous vs. non-indigenous groups, and hazard ratio (HR) for COVID-19 deaths across four waves of the pandemic, from February 2020 to March 2022. We also assessed differences in the reproduction number (Rt). RESULTS The mortality rate among indigenous populations of Mexico was 68% higher than that of non-indigenous groups. Out of 32 federal entities, 23 exhibited higher mortality rates among indigenous groups (P < 0.05 in 13 entities). The fourth wave showed the highest RR (2.40). The crude HR was 1.67 (95% CI: 1.62, 1.72), which decreased to 1.08 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.11) after controlling for other covariates. During the intense fourth wave, the Rt among the two groups was comparable. CONCLUSION Indigenous status is a significant risk factor for COVID-19 mortality in Mexico. Our findings may reflect disparities in non-pharmaceutical (e.g., handwashing and using facemasks), and COVID-19 vaccination interventions among indigenous and non-indigenous populations in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Dahal
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA,Correspondence to: Sushma Dahal, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 3995, Atlanta, Georgia, 30302-3995
| | - Svenn-Erik Mamelund
- Centre for Research on Pandemics & Society, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ruiyan Luo
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Lisa Sattenspiel
- College of Arts and Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | | | - Gerardo Chowell
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA
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18
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Alves DE, Mamelund SE, Dimka J, Simonsen L, Mølbak M, Ørskov S, Sattenspiel L, Tripp L, Noymer A, Chowell-Puente G, Dahal S, Van Doren TP, Wissler A, Heffernan C, Renfree Short K, Battles H, Baker MG. Indigenous peoples and pandemics. Scand J Public Health 2022; 50:662-667. [PMID: 35546099 PMCID: PMC9361406 DOI: 10.1177/14034948221087095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele E. Alves
- Centre for Research on Pandemics &
Society, Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway
| | - Svenn-Erik Mamelund
- Centre for Research on Pandemics &
Society, Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway
| | - Jessica Dimka
- Centre for Research on Pandemics &
Society, Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | - Lianne Tripp
- Department of Anthropology, University
of Northern British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew Noymer
- Program in Public Health, University of
California, Irvine, USA
| | | | - Sushma Dahal
- Department of Population Health
Sciences, Georgia State University, USA
| | | | - Amanda Wissler
- School of Human Evolution and Social
Change, Arizona State University, USA
| | - Courtney Heffernan
- Tuberculosis Program Evaluation and
Research Unit, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Kirsty Renfree Short
- School of Chemistry and Molecular
Biosciences, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Heather Battles
- Department of Anthropology,
University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael G. Baker
- Health Environment Infection Research
Unit, University of Otago, New Zealand
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19
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Wongnuch P, Mulikaburt T, Apidechkul T, Srichan P, Tamornpark R, Udplong A, Suratana S, Kitchanapaibul S. Acceptance and accessibility to the early phase COVID-19 vaccination among the healthcare workers and hill tribe population in Thailand. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11035. [PMID: 35773315 PMCID: PMC9244445 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15149-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a serious emerging disease and an extreme threat to human life. This study aimed to understand the perceptions of hill tribe people living in the border areas of Thailand-Myanmar and health workers regarding the acceptability and accessibility of the COVID-19 vaccine and health workers’ perceptions of the readiness to implement the vaccination program during the early period of national COVID-19 vaccination. A qualitative method was applied to elicit information from key informants who lived in hill tribe villages and the health professionals who served them. The study was conducted in seven hill tribe villages located along the Thailand-Myanmar borders in Mae Fah Luang District, Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. The participants were hill tribe villagers aged 20 years and over; public health care professionals working in village health centers who had primary roles in implementing disease prevention and control measures; and public health care professionals working in districts and provincial public health offices who had primary roles in policy development and implementation. A total of 63 participants (26 men and 37 women) from seven hill tribe villages provided information. Three acceptance choices regarding receiving the COVID-19 vaccine were found among the hill tribes: definite acceptance, likely acceptance, and no preference. Two factors related to obtaining access to the new COVID-19 vaccine were found: Thai citizenship and the level of literacy related to the vaccine. There was no process or protocol in place for implementing the new vaccine among health professionals working at the district, subdistrict, or community levels, but the national expanded immunization program (EPI) system was clearly demonstrated to extend throughout the health service chain in Thailand. During the early period of national COVID-19 vaccine implantation in Thailand, not all members of the hill tribes accepted the vaccine; participant acceptance depended on several factors, including a participant’s previous experience with vaccination, whether he or she required more information before making a decision, etc. While acceptance of the vaccine depended on the individual’s background, not everyone had an equal opportunity to access the vaccine. The new COVID-19 vaccine should be available at the village level, including in hill tribe villages, to reduce the systemic threat to the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilasinee Wongnuch
- School of Health Sciences, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Hill Tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | | | - Tawatchai Apidechkul
- School of Health Sciences, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence for Hill Tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.
| | - Peeradone Srichan
- School of Health Sciences, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Hill Tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | | | - Anusorn Udplong
- School of Health Sciences, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Soontaree Suratana
- School of Health Sciences, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Siwarak Kitchanapaibul
- School of Health Sciences, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Hill Tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
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20
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Ma S, Zhang X, Wang K, Zhang L, Wang L, Zeng T, Tang ML, Tian M. Exploring the risk factors of COVID-19 Delta variant in the USA based on Bayesian spatio-temporal analysis. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e2731-e2744. [PMID: 35751843 PMCID: PMC9349916 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The transmission of coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) epidemic is a global emergency, which is worsened by the genetic mutations of SARS‐CoV‐2. However, till date, few statistical studies have researched the COVID‐19 spread patterns in terms of the variant cases. Hence, this paper aims to explore the associated risk factors of Delta variant, the most contagious strain of COVID‐19. The study collected the state‐level COVID‐19 Delta variant cases in the United States during a 12‐week period and included potential environmental, socioeconomic, and public prevention factors as independent variables. Instead of regarding the covariate effects as constant, this paper proposes a flexible Bayesian hierarchical model with spatio‐temporally varying coefficients to account for data heterogeneity. The method enables us to cluster the states into distinctive groups based on the temporal trends of the coefficients and simultaneously identify significant risk factors for each cluster. The findings contribute novel insight into the dynamics of covariate effects on the COVID‐19 Delta variant over space and time, which could help the government develop targeted prevention measures for vulnerable regions based on the selected risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopei Ma
- Center for Applied Statistics, School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Xueliang Zhang
- Department of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi, Beijing, 830011, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi, Beijing, 830011, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi, Beijing, 830011, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi, Beijing, 830011, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- Department of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi, Beijing, 830011, China
| | - Man-Lai Tang
- Mathematical Sciences, Brunel University, Uxbridge, London, UB83PH, United Kingdom
| | - Maozai Tian
- Center for Applied Statistics, School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China.,Department of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi, Beijing, 830011, China
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21
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Muñoz CM, Arias MR, López MP, Ortiz LV, Carrillo NM, Alvarado LA, Morillo A. COVID-19 and risk assessment room for public health in four Colombian crossborder territories. BIOMEDICA : REVISTA DEL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD 2022; 42:85-101. [PMID: 35471172 PMCID: PMC9050067 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.6142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Public health risk management in Colombia is led by the Instituto Nacional de Salud. In the face of the COVID-19 emergency, response actions centered on the implementation of risk analysis rooms and the strengthening of surveillance at points of entry into the country. Objective: To analyze the implementation and maintenance phases of the COVID-19 risk analysis rooms in four border departments of Colombia. Materials and methods: We conducted a qualitative study of public health risk analysis rooms for COVID-19. We reviewed the documentation and data generated from March to June, 2020, in the departments of Amazonas, Vichada, Guainía, and Putumayo. We did semi-structured interviews with key actors and analyzed the answers using the NVivo plus version 11 application in three cycles: open coding, identification of emerging categories, and modeling by analyzing the identified strengths and weaknesses. Results: We identified the components of the incident command structure and the relationships between the public health areas. Strengths were evidenced in the integration of the areas: the management of information in real time, the border surveillance and the capabilities of rapid response teams, while weaknesses appeared in planning, community surveillance, and risk communication processes. Conclusions: Risk analysis rooms constitute a joint effort at the national and local levels which has promoted the articulated participation of all actors in the analysis of information and the optimization of an organized response during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Marcela Muñoz
- Programa de Entrenamiento en Epidemiología de Campo-FETP Colombia, Dirección de Vigilancia y Análisis de Riesgo en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
| | - Marcela Rocío Arias
- Dirección de Vigilancia y Análisis de Riesgo en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
| | - Martha Patricia López
- Programa de Entrenamiento en Epidemiología de Campo-FETP Colombia, Dirección de Vigilancia y Análisis de Riesgo en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
| | - Laura Victoria Ortiz
- Dirección de Vigilancia y Análisis de Riesgo en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
| | - Natalia María Carrillo
- Dirección de Vigilancia y Análisis de Riesgo en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
| | - Luis Antonio Alvarado
- Programa de Entrenamiento en Epidemiología de Campo-FETP Colombia, Dirección de Vigilancia y Análisis de Riesgo en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
| | - Andrea Morillo
- Programa de Entrenamiento en Epidemiología de Campo-FETP Colombia, Dirección de Vigilancia y Análisis de Riesgo en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
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22
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de Brito WA, Ferreira MRA, de Sousa Dantas D, Soares LAL. Biological activities of Eugenia uniflora L. (pitangueira) extracts in oxidative stress-induced pathologies: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of animal studies. PHARMANUTRITION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Martínez-Martínez MU, Alpízar-Rodríguez D, Flores-Ramírez R, Portales-Pérez DP, Soria-Guerra RE, Pérez-Vázquez F, Martinez-Gutierrez F. An Analysis COVID-19 in Mexico: a Prediction of Severity. J Gen Intern Med 2022; 37:624-631. [PMID: 34993853 PMCID: PMC8736325 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-021-07235-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes a mild illness in most cases; forecasting COVID-19-associated mortality and the demand for hospital beds and ventilators are crucial for rationing countries' resources. OBJECTIVE To evaluate factors associated with the severity of COVID-19 in Mexico and to develop and validate a score to predict severity in patients with COVID-19 infection in Mexico. DESIGN Retrospective cohort. PARTICIPANTS We included 1,435,316 patients with COVID-19 included before the first vaccine application in Mexico; 725,289 (50.5%) were men; patient's mean age (standard deviation (SD)) was 43.9 (16.9) years; 21.7% of patients were considered severe COVID-19 because they were hospitalized, died or both. MAIN MEASURES We assessed demographic variables, smoking status, pregnancy, and comorbidities. Backward selection of variables was used to derive and validate a model to predict the severity of COVID-19. KEY RESULTS We developed a logistic regression model with 14 main variables, splines, and interactions that may predict the probability of COVID-19 severity (area under the curve for the validation cohort = 82.4%). CONCLUSIONS We developed a new model able to predict the severity of COVID-19 in Mexican patients. This model could be helpful in epidemiology and medical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ulises Martínez-Martínez
- Hospital General de Subzona No. 9, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Fray Juan Bautista de Mollinedo No 26, Rioverde, San Luis Potosí, Mexico. .,Posgrado en Ciencias Farmacobiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
| | | | - Rogelio Flores-Ramírez
- CONACYT Research Fellow, Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Diana Patricia Portales-Pérez
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Ruth Elena Soria-Guerra
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Francisco Pérez-Vázquez
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Fidel Martinez-Gutierrez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Farmacobiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
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Martínez-Domínguez M, Fierros-González I. Determinants of internet use by school-age children: The challenges for Mexico during the COVID-19 pandemic. TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY 2022; 46:102241. [PMID: 35068658 PMCID: PMC8760532 DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2021.102241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has further highlighted the deep digital divide in Mexico and the enormous challenge faced by its education system in continuing to educate the country's students while under confinement. The objective of this article was to examine the determinants of internet access, use and productive uses for school-age children in households of different socioeconomic levels. The Heckman selection model was estimated based on data taken from the Encuesta Nacional sobre Disponibilidad y Uso de Tecnologías de la Información en los Hogares (ENDUTIH or National Survey on the Availability and Use of Information Technologies in the Household) 2018. The results obtained show that the probability of having children internet accessing and usage patterns (homework, courses, and blogs) depends on level of schooling, economic status, digital skills, and place of residence, as well as the presence of electronic devices and infomediaries in the household. These findings suggest the urgent need to redesign current ICT policy with a long-term integrated vision that guarantees access to ICTs and their productive use for students immersed in an ecosystem of educational innovation for the XXI century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlen Martínez-Domínguez
- Conacyt-Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social, Pacífico Sur. Sierra Nevada 347 Col. Loma Linda, Oaxaca. C.P. 68024, Oaxaca, Mexico
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Zamora-Mendoza BN, Díaz de León-Martínez L, Rodríguez-Aguilar M, Mizaikoff B, Flores-Ramírez R. Chemometric analysis of the global pattern of volatile organic compounds in the exhaled breath of patients with COVID-19, post-COVID and healthy subjects. Proof of concept for post-COVID assessment. Talanta 2022; 236:122832. [PMID: 34635222 PMCID: PMC8411592 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to evaluate the application of an electronic nose and chemometric analysis to discriminate volatile organic compounds between patients with COVID-19, post-COVID syndrome and controls in exhaled breath samples. A cross-sectional study was performed on 102 exhaled breath samples, 42 with COVID-19, 30 with the post-COVID syndrome and 30 control subjects. Breath-print analysis was performed by the Cyranose 320 electronic nose with 32 sensors. Group data were evaluated by Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Canonical Discriminant Analysis (CDA), and Support Vector Machine (SVM), and the test's diagnostic power was evaluated through a Receiver Operaring Characteristic curve(ROC curve). The results of the chemometric analysis indicate in the PCA a 97.6% (PC1 = 95.9%, PC2 = 1.0%, PC3 = 0.7%) of explanation of the variability between the groups by means of 3 PCs, the CDA presents a 100% of correct classification of the study groups, SVM a 99.4% of correct classification, finally the PLS-DA indicates an observable separation between the groups and the 12 sensors that were related. The sensitivity, specificity of post-COVID vs. controls value reached 97.6% (87.4%–99.9%) and 100% (88.4%–100%) respectively, according to the ROC curve. As a perspective, we consider that this technology, due to its simplicity, low cost and portability, can support strategies for the identification and follow-up of post-COVID patients. The proposed classification model provides the basis for evaluating post-COVID patients; therefore, further studies are required to enable the implementation of this technology to support clinical management and mitigation of effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Nohemí Zamora-Mendoza
- Faculty of Medicine-Center for Applied Research on Environment and Health (CIAAS), Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, CP, 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Lorena Díaz de León-Martínez
- Faculty of Medicine-Center for Applied Research on Environment and Health (CIAAS), Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, CP, 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
| | | | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany; Hahn-Schickard Institute for Microanalysis Systems, Sedanstrasse 14, 89077, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rogelio Flores-Ramírez
- CONACYT Research Fellow, Coordination for Innovation and Application of Science and Technology (CIACYT), Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, CP, 78210, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
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Páez-Osuna F, Valencia-Castañeda G, Rebolledo UA. The link between COVID-19 mortality and PM 2.5 emissions in rural and medium-size municipalities considering population density, dust events, and wind speed. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131634. [PMID: 34325266 PMCID: PMC8296377 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
One contemporary issue is how environmental pollution and climate can affect the dissemination and severity of COVID-19 in humans. We documented the first case of association between particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) and COVID-19 mortality rates that involved rural and medium-sized municipalities in northwestern Mexico, where direct air quality monitoring is absent. Alternatively, anthropogenic PM2.5 emissions were used to estimate the PM2.5 exposure in each municipality using two scenarios: 1) considering the fraction derived from combustion of vehicle fuel; and 2) the one derived from modeled anthropogenic sources. This study provides insights to better understand and face future pandemics by examining the relation between PM2.5 pollution and COVID-19 mortality considering the population density and the wind speed. The main findings are: (i) municipalities with high PM2.5 emissions and high population density have a higher COVID-19 mortality rate; (ii) the exceptionally high COVID-19 mortality rates of the rural municipalities could be associated to dust events, which are common in these regions where soils without vegetation are dominant; and (iii) the influence of wind speed on COVID-19 mortality rate was evidenced only in municipalities with <100 inhabitants per km2. These results confirm the suggestion that high levels of air pollutants associated with high population density and an elevated frequency of dust events may promote an extended prevalence and severity of viral particles in the polluted air of urban, suburban, and rural communities. This supports an additional means of dissemination of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, in addition to the direct human-to-human transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Páez-Osuna
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, P.O. Box 811, Mazatlán, 82000, Sinaloa, Mexico; Miembro de El Colegio de Sinaloa, Antonio Rosales 435 Poniente, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
| | - Gladys Valencia-Castañeda
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, P.O. Box 811, Mazatlán, 82000, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Uriel Arreguin Rebolledo
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, P.O. Box 811, Mazatlán, 82000, Sinaloa, Mexico
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Alam MM, Fawzi AM, Islam MM, Said J. Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on national security issues: Indonesia as a case study. SECURITY JOURNAL 2022; 35:1067-1086. [PMCID: PMC8493045 DOI: 10.1057/s41284-021-00314-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The national security issues in particular non-traditional security issues such as law enforcement, health, food, supply chain management, industry etc. are severely impacted by the COVID-19 outbreak in all countries of the world. As such, the developing country like Indonesia has largely been suffering from this epidemic. In this context, this paper attempts to analyse some national security issues that are affecting Indonesia, which is currently struggling with the COVID-19 pandemic. Proposed here are policy measures to combat both present and future challenges. The study uses secondary data collected from different sources concerning COVID-19 pandemic and security issues of Indonesia. The study analyses the data based on descriptive statistics, highlighting the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Indonesian law enforcement issues, and security of health, food, supply chain management, industrial and other economic sectors. The study argues that if the vulnerability continues in these security-related issues due to pandemic, the country will face a harsh reality to manage the state-affairs. Therefore, the policy options are mainly concerned with the COVID-19 issue. Indonesia’s government should identify what measures to take by conducting rapid diagnostics and polymerase chain reaction tests in the laboratory, respectively. Moreover, the government and relevant stakeholders need to develop strategies that break the stranglehold of COVID-19 transmission in order to resolve Indonesian national security concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mahmudul Alam
- School of Economics, Finance and Banking, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia
| | - Agung Masyad Fawzi
- School of Economics, Finance and Banking, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia
| | - Md. Monirul Islam
- Department of Governance and Public Policy, Bangladesh Institute of Governance and Management (BIGM), University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jamaliah Said
- Accounting Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
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Shushtari ZJ, Salimi Y, Ahmadi S, Rajabi-Gilan N, Shirazikhah M, Biglarian A, Almasi A, Gharehghani MAM. Social determinants of adherence to COVID-19 preventive guidelines: a comprehensive review. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2021; 12:346-360. [PMID: 34965686 PMCID: PMC8721272 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adherence to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) preventive guidelines (ACPG) is an important strategy to control the COVID-19 pandemic effectively. The present study aimed to identify and summarize the social determinants of ACPG among the general population. A comprehensive review was performed from December 2019 to February 2021 through searching electronic databases. Two independent reviewers assessed and selected relevant studies. Next, the characteristics and main findings of the included studies were summarized. Finally, the World Health Organization's conceptual framework of social determinants of health was used to synthesize the identified social determinants of ACPG. Forty-one of 453 retrieved articles met the inclusion criteria. The study results showed different patterns of ACPG among various communities. Furthermore, 84 social determinants were identified and categorized into structural and intermediary determinants. ACPG is a set of complex behaviors associated with different individual sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics; living and working conditions; COVID-19 knowledge, attitudes, and risk perceptions; exposure to sources and information level; leisure activities; social support; trust; social norms; psychosocial well-being; socio-economic position; and the socio-economic and political context. Interventions to promote ACPG among the general population should consider the identified social determinants of ACPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jorjoran Shushtari
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yahya Salimi
- Department of Social Welfare Management, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Ahmadi
- Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nader Rajabi-Gilan
- Department of Social Welfare Management, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Shirazikhah
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akbar Biglarian
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Almasi
- Department of Social Welfare Management, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hamdan M, Badrasawi M, Zidan S, Sayarah A, Zahra LA, Dana S, Almasry T. Risk factors associated with hospitalization owing to COVID-19: a cross-sectional study in Palestine. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211064405. [PMID: 34939466 PMCID: PMC8721739 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211064405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify the risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated hospitalization to provide evidence for improved clinical care of patients with COVID-19 infection. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study among 300 participants. The collected data comprised sociodemographic data, lifestyle habits, physical activity, medical history, anthropometric measurements, COVID-19-related symptoms, dietary habits prior to and after COVID-19 infection, and psychological status. RESULTS Fifty-nine participants were hospitalized. Fever, dry cough, joint pain, chills, diarrhea, and shortness of breath were significantly associated with hospitalization owing to COVID-19. Adults with obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, respiratory diseases, and cardiovascular diseases had higher rates of hospitalization. The findings also showed that residential area and age were related to COVID-19 hospitalization. Furthermore, our analysis revealed that certain dietary habits were associated with hospitalization rates. CONCLUSION Our study confirmed that older age, urban residence, illiteracy, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and symptoms of loss of smell and sneezing elevated the risk of hospitalization among patients with COVID-19 infection. Patients with a higher risk of hospitalization may benefit from targeted therapeutic and preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Hamdan
- Program of Health and Therapeutic Nutrition, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron, Palestine
| | - Manal Badrasawi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Souzan Zidan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Hebron University, Hebron, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Asma Sayarah
- Program of Health and Therapeutic Nutrition, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron, Palestine
| | - Lamia Abu Zahra
- Program of Health and Therapeutic Nutrition, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron, Palestine
| | - Shahd Dana
- Program of Health and Therapeutic Nutrition, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron, Palestine
| | - Tasneem Almasry
- Program of Health and Therapeutic Nutrition, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron, Palestine
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Morales-Romero J, Bedolla-Barajas M. Asthma is not a Risk Factor for Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Mexican Population. J Asthma 2021; 59:2314-2321. [PMID: 34818126 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2021.2010745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective. This study aims to assess the association between asthma and severity of COVID-19 in the Mexican population.Methods. The data from a national database of confirmed patients diagnosed with COVID-19, who attended from February to June 2020, were analyzed in a retrospective cohort study. Patients with and without asthma were compared concerning hospitalization, pneumonia, endotracheal intubation, and death related to COVID-19. Other covariates (age, sex, indigenous group, and comorbidity) were included in various logistic regression models.Results. Asthma was associated with a lower risk of hospitalization (OR =0.71, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.76), lower risk of pneumonia (OR =0.75, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.81), and lower risk of endotracheal intubation (OR =0.79, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.98). In addition, asthma decreased the risk of death from COVID-19 (OR =0.73, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.82). In a subgroup analysis, the same association was observed in patients who required hospitalization (OR =0.79, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.90), while in non-hospitalized patients, associations were inconsistent according to the covariates introduced in the models. There was no association between asthma and death in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), however, asthma significantly reduced the risk of death in the hospitalized patients who did not require ICU.Conclusion. Our results suggest that patients with asthma are less likely to require hospitalization, develop pneumonia, need tracheal intubation or die from COVID-19 as compared to patients without asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martín Bedolla-Barajas
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca", Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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Lan F, Zhu C, Jin R, Zhou L, Hu Y, Zhao J, Xu S, Xia Y, Li W. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with complications: implications for management. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2021; 12:20406223211041924. [PMID: 34729141 PMCID: PMC8435930 DOI: 10.1177/20406223211041924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused outbreaks worldwide, and the number of cases is rapidly increasing through human-to-human transmission. Because of the greater transmission capacity and possible subsequent multi-organ damage caused by the virus, it is crucial to understand precisely and manage COVID-19 patients. However, the underlying differences in the clinical features of COVID-19 with and without comorbidities are not fully understood. Aim: The objective of this study was to identify the clinical features of COVID-19 patients with and without complications to guide treatment and predict the prognosis. Method: We collected the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with and without different complications, including hypertension, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Next, we performed a baseline comparison of each index and traced the dynamic changes in these factors during hospitalization to explore the potential associations. Result: A clinical index of differential expression was used for the regression to select top-ranking factors. The top-ranking clinical characteristics varied in each subgroup, such as indices of liver function, renal function and inflammatory markers. Among them, the indices of renal function were highly ranked in all subgroups and displayed significant differences during hospitalization. Conclusion: Organ functions of COVID-19 patients, particularly renal function, should be cautiously taken care of during management and might be a crucial factor for a poor prognosis of these patients with complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Lan
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Jin
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingxiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuyun Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
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Ramírez Rojas MG, Ramírez Rojas FA, Sánchez Osorio E, Flores López MDL, Paredes Solís S. Panorámica de la COVID-19 en tres municipios de Guerrero, México, durante 2020. Rev Salud Publica (Bogota) 2021. [DOI: 10.15446/rsap.v23n6.97590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo Estimar la magnitud de daños a la salud por la pandemia de COVID-19 y su dinámica en Ometepec, Xochistlahuaca y Tlacoachistlahuaca, en Guerrero, México, durante 2020.
Métodos Estudio retrospectivo hecho mediante un análisis secundario de la base de datos de COVID-19 de la Secretaría de Salud de México. Con análisis bivariado y regresión logística binaria, se desarrollaron estimaciones de series de tiempo y de magnitud del daño a la salud por COVID-19.
Resultados Durante las semanas epidemiológicas 12 a 40 de 2020, se confirmaron 325 casos y 28 defunciones por COVID-19. De los casos confirmados, solo 16% fueron indígenas. Dos de cada tres defunciones ocurrieron en las primeras 48 horas del ingreso hospitalario. Las variables predictoras que mejor se ajustaron al modelo de regresión, asociadas a la letalidad hospitalaria, fueron diabetes, neumonía asociada a COVID-19 y edad de 50 años o mayor.
Conclusiones Es importante enfatizar los datos de alarma de la COVID-19 a la población indígena (en particular, la dificultad respiratoria) y factores asociados a complicaciones por COVID-19 como diabetes y edad avanzada, para incrementar el uso oportuno de los servicios de salud.
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Caballero-Morales SO. Innovation as recovery strategy for SMEs in emerging economies during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESEARCH IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS AND FINANCE 2021; 57:101396. [PMID: 33558782 PMCID: PMC7857984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ribaf.2021.101396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The quarantine and disruption of non-essential activities as measure to contain the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected all economies around the World. This has had a deeper impact on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in emerging economies because they have very limited resources and vulnerable supply chain and business-to-business/business-to-clients relationships. In this context, it is expected that after the pandemic many of these enterprises will disappear as the "new normality" will require changes in business and infrastructure management. To reduce this risk, innovation is identified as a key aspect of business recovery in the ongoing and post-COVID-19 pandemic period. This work presents a multidisciplinary methodological approach to guide these enterprises to innovate their products for new markets and making a better use of their limited available resources. As an example of this approach, the research-supported development of a new product for a family-owned SME was performed in a zone with high COVID-19 risk. The results provide insight regarding innovation as a survival tool for SMEs during and after the COVID-19 contingency, and the use of digital resources is identified as the main facilitator for networking and research-based design of innovative products within the "social distance" context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago-Omar Caballero-Morales
- Universidad Popular Autonoma del Estado de Puebla, A.C., Postgraduate Department of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, Puebla, Mexico
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Díaz de León-Martínez L, Ortega-Romero MS, Barbier OC, Pérez-Herrera N, May-Euan F, Perera-Ríos J, Rodríguez-Aguilar M, Flores-Ramírez R. Evaluation of hydroxylated metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and biomarkers of early kidney damage in indigenous children from Ticul, Yucatán, Mexico. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:52001-52013. [PMID: 33997934 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental persistent chemicals, produced by the incomplete combustion of solid fuels, found in smoke. PAHs are considered carcinogenic, teratogenic, and genotoxic. Children are susceptible to environmental pollutants, particularly those living in high-exposure settings. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the exposure to PAHs through hydroxylated metabolites of PAHs (OH-PAHs), 1-hydroxynaphtalene (1-OH-NAP), and 2-hydroxynaphtalene (2-OH-NAP); 2-,3-, and 9-hydroxyfluorene (2-OH-FLU, 3-OH-FLU, 9-OH-FLU); 1-,2-,3-, and 4-hydroxyphenanthrene (1-OH-PHE, 2-OH-PHE, 3-OH-PHE, 4-OH-PHE); and 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OH-PYR), as well as kidney health through biomarkers of early kidney damage (osteopontin (OPN), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), α1-microglobulin (α1-MG), and cystatin C (Cys-C)) in children from an indigenous community dedicated to footwear manufacturing and pottery in Ticul, Yucatán, Mexico. The results show a high exposure to PAHs from the found concentrations of OH-PAHs in urine in 80.5% of the children in median concentrations of 18.4 (5.1-71.0) μg/L of total OH-PAHs, as well as concentrations of kidney damage proteins in 100% of the study population in concentrations of 4.8 (3-12.2) and 7.9 (6.5-13.7) μg/g creatinine of NGAL and Cys-C respectively, and 97.5% of the population with concentrations of OPN and α1-MG at mean concentrations of 207.3 (119.8-399.8) and 92.2 (68.5-165.5) μg/g creatinine. The information provided should be considered and addressed by the health authorities to establish continuous biomonitoring and programs to reduce para-occupational exposure in the vulnerable population, particularly children, based on their fundamental human right to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Díaz de León-Martínez
- Center for Applied Research on Environment and Health (CIAAS), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, CP 78210, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Manolo S Ortega-Romero
- Toxicology Department, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Olivier C Barbier
- Toxicology Department, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Fernando May-Euan
- Medicine Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Javier Perera-Ríos
- Medicine Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Maribel Rodríguez-Aguilar
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Division, Universidad de Quintana Roo, Av. Erick Paolo Martínez, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico.
| | - Rogelio Flores-Ramírez
- CONACYT Research Fellow, Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, CP 78210, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
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Alvarez-Manzo HS, Badillo-Davila R, Olaya-Gomez A, Gonzalez-de-Cossio-Tello B, Cardoso-Arias R, Gamboa-Balzaretti ES, Baranzini-Rogel CD, Garcia-Garnica G, Hernandez-Corrales LE, Linares-Koloffon CA. COVID-19 Vaccine Intention among Rural Residents in Mexico: Validation of a Questionnaire. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9090952. [PMID: 34579189 PMCID: PMC8473309 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9090952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic forced the scientific community and the pharmaceutical industry to develop new vaccines, in an attempt to reach herd immunity and stop the SARS-CoV-2 from spreading. However, to ensure vaccination among the general population, COVID-19 vaccine intention must be measured. So far, no studies have focused on rural residents in Latin America, which represent approximately 20% of the population of this geographical region. In this study, we present the validation of a self-developed questionnaire, which was validated in a pilot study with 40 Spanish-speaking Mexican rural residents in the state of Guerrero, Mexico. In this study, we describe the chronological validation of the questionnaire, including the assessment of its internal consistency and temporal reliability, which we measured with the Cronbach’s alpha and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, respectively. After the psychometrical analysis, we were able to validate a 20-item questionnaire, which intends to assess vaccine intention among the rural population. Aiming to develop a comprehensive policy and vaccination strategies, we hope this instrument provides valuable insight regarding COVID-19 vaccination willingness across rural communities in Mexico and Latin America. Finally, if we want to reach worldwide herd immunity, it is important to understand rural residents’ position towards COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector S. Alvarez-Manzo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Investigación Comunitaria e Implementación en Salud A.C., Mexico City 01900, Mexico; (R.B.-D.); (B.G.-d.-C.-T.); (R.C.-A.); (C.A.L.-K.)
- Clínica MAS, Medicina y Asistencia Social A.C., Tlapa 41304, Mexico; (E.S.G.-B.); (C.D.B.-R.); (G.G.-G.); (L.E.H.-C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rafael Badillo-Davila
- Investigación Comunitaria e Implementación en Salud A.C., Mexico City 01900, Mexico; (R.B.-D.); (B.G.-d.-C.-T.); (R.C.-A.); (C.A.L.-K.)
| | | | - Barbara Gonzalez-de-Cossio-Tello
- Investigación Comunitaria e Implementación en Salud A.C., Mexico City 01900, Mexico; (R.B.-D.); (B.G.-d.-C.-T.); (R.C.-A.); (C.A.L.-K.)
| | - Rafael Cardoso-Arias
- Investigación Comunitaria e Implementación en Salud A.C., Mexico City 01900, Mexico; (R.B.-D.); (B.G.-d.-C.-T.); (R.C.-A.); (C.A.L.-K.)
- Clínica MAS, Medicina y Asistencia Social A.C., Tlapa 41304, Mexico; (E.S.G.-B.); (C.D.B.-R.); (G.G.-G.); (L.E.H.-C.)
| | - Emilio S. Gamboa-Balzaretti
- Clínica MAS, Medicina y Asistencia Social A.C., Tlapa 41304, Mexico; (E.S.G.-B.); (C.D.B.-R.); (G.G.-G.); (L.E.H.-C.)
- School of Medicine, Universidad Panamericana, Mexico City 03920, Mexico
| | - Carlos D. Baranzini-Rogel
- Clínica MAS, Medicina y Asistencia Social A.C., Tlapa 41304, Mexico; (E.S.G.-B.); (C.D.B.-R.); (G.G.-G.); (L.E.H.-C.)
- School of Medicine, Universidad Panamericana, Mexico City 03920, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Garcia-Garnica
- Clínica MAS, Medicina y Asistencia Social A.C., Tlapa 41304, Mexico; (E.S.G.-B.); (C.D.B.-R.); (G.G.-G.); (L.E.H.-C.)
- School of Medicine, Universidad Panamericana, Mexico City 03920, Mexico
| | - Luis E. Hernandez-Corrales
- Clínica MAS, Medicina y Asistencia Social A.C., Tlapa 41304, Mexico; (E.S.G.-B.); (C.D.B.-R.); (G.G.-G.); (L.E.H.-C.)
- School of Medicine, Universidad Panamericana, Mexico City 03920, Mexico
| | - Carlos A. Linares-Koloffon
- Investigación Comunitaria e Implementación en Salud A.C., Mexico City 01900, Mexico; (R.B.-D.); (B.G.-d.-C.-T.); (R.C.-A.); (C.A.L.-K.)
- Clínica MAS, Medicina y Asistencia Social A.C., Tlapa 41304, Mexico; (E.S.G.-B.); (C.D.B.-R.); (G.G.-G.); (L.E.H.-C.)
- College of Population Health, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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Alqahtani MMJ, Arnout BA, Fadhel FH, Sufyan NSSL. Risk perceptions of COVID-19 and its impact on precautionary behavior: A qualitative study. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2021; 104:1860-1867. [PMID: 33612345 PMCID: PMC7882911 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2021.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The controlling of the COVID-19 pandemic is influenced by the precautionary behavior of the community, and such behavior is frequently related to individuals' risk perception. The current study aimed to explore risk perceptions and precautionary behavior in response to COVID-19. METHOD Qualitative in-depth interviews by telephone were undertaken with 26 participants from three affected cities in an initial stage of the disease outbreak, from May 3 to June 5, 2020. The method of analyzing data was inductive. The results were analyzed using interpretation, categorizing, and thematic analysis. RESULTS The perception of risk is influenced by numerous individual, community, and cultural factors; these perceptions act as triggers for precautionary behavior, with a tendency to deny risks or react with exaggeration in terms of the precautionary reactions related to COVID-19. The thematic analysis produced two major categories: 1) risk perception and 2) precautionary behavior. The analysis provides essential insight into risk perception and precautionary behavior. CONCLUSION The risk perceptions and patterns of precautionary behavior could be unreliable, unhealthy, and culturally affected, which would influence the effectiveness of pandemic control measures. Further investigations with more data and including risk perception and precautionary behavior in the national response plan for emergency and crisis are highly recommended. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS A greater understanding and ongoing assessment of COVID-19 risk perception could inform policymakers and health professionals who seek to promote precautionary behavior. This could also facilitate early interventions during pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Boshra A Arnout
- Department of Psychology, King Khalid University, Abha City, Saudi Arabia; Department of Psychology, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, Egypt
| | - Fahmi Hassan Fadhel
- Department of Psychology, King Khalid University, Abha City, Saudi Arabia; Department of Psychology, Hodeidah University, Hodeidah City, Yemen
| | - Nabil Saleh SLeh Sufyan
- Department of Psychology, King Khalid University, Abha City, Saudi Arabia; Department of Psychology, Taiz University, Taiz City, Yemen
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Majid U, Hussain SAS, Wasim A, Farhana N, Saadat P. A Systematic Map of Non-Clinical Evidence Syntheses Published Globally on COVID-19. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2021; 16:1-6. [PMID: 34289925 PMCID: PMC8440048 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2021.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Evidence syntheses perform rigorous investigations of the primary literature and they have played a vital role in generating evidence-based recommendations for governments worldwide during the Covid-19 pandemic. However, there has not yet been an attempt to organize them by topic and other characteristics. This study performed a systematic mapping exercise of non-clinical evidence syntheses pertaining to Covid-19. METHODS This study conducted a systematic search on December 5, 2020 across 10 databases and servers: CINAHL (EBSCO Information Services, Ipswich, Massachusetts, United States), Embase (Elsevier, Aalborg, Denmark), Global Health (EBSCO Information Services, Ipswich, Massachusetts, United States), Healthstar (NICHSR and AHA, Bethesda, United States), MEDLINE (NLM, Bethesda, United States), PsychINFO (APA, Washington, DC, United States), Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics, London, UK), Research Square (Research Square, Durham, North Carolina), MEDRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, United States), and PROSPERO (NIHR, York, United Kingdom). Only full evidence syntheses published in a peer-reviewed journal or preprint server were included. RESULTS This study classified all evidence syntheses in the following topics: health service delivery (n = 280), prevention and behavior (n = 201), mental health (n = 140), social epidemiology (n = 31), economy (n = 22), and environment (n = 19). This study provides a comprehensive resource of all evidence syntheses categorized according to topic. CONCLUSIONS This study proposes the following research priorities: governance, the impact of Covid-19 on different populations, the effectiveness of prevention and control methods across contexts, mental health, and vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Majid
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Aghna Wasim
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nusrat Farhana
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pakeezah Saadat
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Applied Health Research Centre (AHRC), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Qazi TF, Shaukat MZ, Niazi AAK, Basit A. Evaluating the Immediate Response of Country-Wide Health Systems to the Covid-19 Pandemic: Applying the Gray Incidence Analysis Model. Front Public Health 2021; 9:635121. [PMID: 34336753 PMCID: PMC8319644 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.635121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to evaluate county-wide health systems using the data set of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The overall design of study comprises a literature review, secondary data, and a mathematical analysis. It is a cross-sectional quantitative study following a deductive approach. It uses the data of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic taken from the website of Worldometer as of April 8, 2020. The study uses a gray incidence analysis model (commonly known as Gray Relational Analysis, i.e., GRA) as its research methodology. On the basis of the results of GRA, a classification has been made under a predetermined scheme of ensigns: much better, better, somewhat better, fair, poor, somewhat worse, and worse health systems. There are a total 211 countries that have been divided into the seven aforementioned categories. Findings of the study show that Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) countries fall predominantly under the much better ensign, whereas Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Schengen Area (SA), and/or European Union (EU) countries fall under the worse ensign. Pakistan falls under the ensign of poor. It is an original attempt to evaluate the response of health systems based on real data using a scientific methodology. The study provides valuable information about the health systems of the countries for forming an informed opinion about the health systems herein. The study provides useful new information for stakeholders and a new framework for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tehmina Fiaz Qazi
- Hailey College of Banking and Finance, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Abdul Aziz Khan Niazi
- Institute of Business & Management, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Basit
- Lahore Institute of Science and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
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Murphy JK, Khan A, Sun Q, Minas H, Hatcher S, Ng CH, Withers M, Greenshaw A, Michalak EE, Chakraborty PA, Sandanasamy KS, Ibrahim N, Ravindran A, Chen J, Nguyen VC, Lam RW. Needs, gaps and opportunities for standard and e-mental health care among at-risk populations in the Asia Pacific in the context of COVID-19: a rapid scoping review. Int J Equity Health 2021; 20:161. [PMID: 34253198 PMCID: PMC8274266 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-021-01484-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to have profound mental health impact, including in the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) region. Some populations might be at higher risk of experiencing negative mental health impacts and may encounter increased barriers to accessing mental health care. The pandemic and related restrictions have led to changes in care delivery, including a rapid shift to the use of e-mental health and digital technologies. It is therefore essential to consider needs and opportunities for equitable mental health care delivery to the most at-risk populations. This rapid scoping review: 1) identifies populations in the APEC region that are at higher risk of the negative mental health impacts of COVID-19, 2) identifies needs and gaps in access to standard and e-mental health care among these populations, and 3) explores the potential of e-mental health to address these needs. METHODS We conducted a rapid scoping review following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). We searched Medline, Embase and PsychInfo databases and Google Scholar using a search strategy developed in consultation with a biomedical librarian. We included records related to mental health or psychosocial risk factors and COVID-19 among at-risk groups; that referred to one or more APEC member economies or had a global, thus generalizable, scope; English language papers, and papers with full text available. RESULTS A total of 132 records published between December 2019 and August 2020 were included in the final analysis. Several priority at-risk populations, risk factors, challenges and recommendations for standard and e-mental health care were identified. Results demonstrate that e-mental health care can be a viable option for care delivery but that specific accessibility and acceptability considerations must be considered. Options for in-person, hybrid or "low-tech" care must also remain available. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgent need for equitable standard and e-mental health care. It has also highlighted the persistent social and structural inequities that contribute to poor mental health. The APEC region is vast and diverse; findings from the region can guide policy and practice in the delivery of equitable mental health care in the region and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill K Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine; APEC Digital Hub for Mental Health, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A1, Canada.
| | - Amna Khan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2255 Westbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A1, Canada
| | - Qiumeng Sun
- Sol Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California, 650 Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Harry Minas
- Global and Cultural Mental Health, Level 4, 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Carlton, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Simon Hatcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Roger Guindon Hall, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Chee H Ng
- Healthscope Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Mellissa Withers
- USC Keck School of Medicine, USC Institute on Inequalities in Global Health, Los Angeles, USA
- APRU Global Health Program, 2001 N Soto Street SSB 318G, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Andrew Greenshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, Scientific Director, APEC Digital Hub for Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, 4-142M Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Erin E Michalak
- APEC Digital Hub for Mental Health, University of British Columbia, 420-5950 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Promit Ananyo Chakraborty
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Karen Sharmini Sandanasamy
- Mental Health, Substance Abuse and Violence Injury Prevention, Non-Communicable Disease Section, Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Level 2, Block E3, Putrajaya, Malaysia
- Precinct 1, Federal Government Administrative Complex, 62590, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Nurashikin Ibrahim
- Mental Health, Substance Abuse and Violence Injury Prevention, Non-Communicable Disease Section, Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Level 2, Block E3, Putrajaya, Malaysia
- Precinct 1, Federal Government Administrative Complex, 62590, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Arun Ravindran
- Global Mental Health Affairs & The Office of Fellowship Training, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate Faculty, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 100 Stokes St, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada
| | - Jun Chen
- Office for Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Vu Cong Nguyen
- Institute of Population, Health and Development, ICON4 Tower, 243a Đường La Thành, Láng Thượng, Đống Đa, Hà Nội, 117222, Vietnam
| | - Raymond W Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Mood Disorders Centre, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, Canada
- APEC Digital Hub for Mental Health, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A1, Canada
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Khan R, Kumar KR, Zhao T. Assessment of variations of air pollutant concentrations during the COVID-19 lockdown and impact on urban air quality in South Asia. URBAN CLIMATE 2021; 38:100908. [PMID: 36570862 PMCID: PMC9764092 DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2021.100908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying the variations of atmospheric aerosols and trace gas concentrations with the impact of lockdown due to the Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is crucial in understanding urban air quality. For this purpose, we utilized the multi-instrumental approach of satellite remote sensing and reanalysis model data to examine the spatial and temporal patterns of major air pollutants during December 2019-June 2020 in South Asia. The lockdown has to lead to a considerable decrease in aerosol optical thickness (AOT) over South China (-18.92%) and Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP; -24.29%) compared to its ordinary level for a couple of weeks. Noticeable reductions in tropospheric NO2 are observed over the Pearl River Delta (PRD; -0.3/cm2) followed by Central China (CC) with -0.21/cm2and IGP (-0.085/cm2), and the lowest (-0.0008/cm2) in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) region. The changes observed in PM2.5 and SO2 levels (from -58.56% to - 63.64%) are attributed to the decrease in anthropogenic emissions, vehicular exhaust, and industrial activities. However, the BC concentrations are reduced by approximately halved of its ordinary levels in the IGP (-2.28 μg/m3) followed by YRD (-1.56 μg/m3), CC (-1.5 μg/m3), NCP (-1.29 μg/m3), and PRD (-0.78 μg/m3) regions. The total column O3 predominantly increased from 262.68 to 285.53DU, 323.00 to 343.00DU, and 245.00 to 265.00DU in the YRD, NCP, and IGP areas. This is mainly associated with solar radiation, meteorological factors, and an unprecedented reduction in NOx during the lockdown period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehana Khan
- Collaborative Innovation Centre on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME), International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Physics, Higher Education, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Kanike Raghavendra Kumar
- Department of Physics, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF), Vaddeswaram, 522502 Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Collaborative Innovation Centre on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME), International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianliang Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Centre on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME), International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China
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Knaul F, Arreola-Ornelas H, Porteny T, Touchton M, Sánchez-Talanquer M, Méndez Ó, Chertorivski S, Ortega S, Chudnovsky M, Kuri P. Not far enough: Public health policies to combat COVID-19 in Mexico's states. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251722. [PMID: 34061864 PMCID: PMC8168889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mexican state governments' actions are essential to control the COVID-19 pandemic within the country. However, the type, rigor and pace of implementation of public policies have varied considerably between states. Little is known about the subnational (state) variation policy response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS We collected daily information on public policies designed to inform the public, as well as to promote distancing, and mask use. The policies analyzed were: School Closure, Workplace Closure, Cancellation of Public Events, Restrictions on Gatherings, Stay at Home Order, Public Transit Suspensions, Information Campaigns, Internal Travel Controls, International Travel Controls, Use of Face Masks We use these data to create a composite index to evaluate the adoption of these policies in the 32 states. We then assess the timeliness and rigor of the policies across the country, from the date of the first case, February 27, 2020. RESULTS The national average in the index during the 143 days of the pandemic was 41.1 out of a possible 100 points on our index. Nuevo León achieved the highest performance (50.4); San Luis Potosí the lowest (34.1). The differential between the highest versus the lowest performance was 47.4%. CONCLUSIONS The study identifies variability and heterogeneity in how and when Mexican states implemented policies to contain COVID-19. We demonstrate the absence of a uniform national response and widely varying stringency of state responses. We also show how these responses are not based on testing and do not reflect the local burden of disease. National health system stewardship and a coordinated, timely, rigorous response to the pandemic did not occur in Mexico but is desirable to contain COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Knaul
- Institute for the Advances Study of the Americas, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Tómatelo a Pecho, A.C., Ciudad de México, México
- Consejo Promotor de Universalidad y Competitividad en Salud, Fundación Mexicana para la Salud, A.C., Ciudad de México, México
| | - Héctor Arreola-Ornelas
- Institute for the Advances Study of the Americas, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Tómatelo a Pecho, A.C., Ciudad de México, México
- Consejo Promotor de Universalidad y Competitividad en Salud, Fundación Mexicana para la Salud, A.C., Ciudad de México, México
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Anahuac University North Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Thalia Porteny
- Institute for the Advances Study of the Americas, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Community Health, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States of America
| | - Michael Touchton
- Institute for the Advances Study of the Americas, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Political Science, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | | | - Óscar Méndez
- Institute for the Advances Study of the Americas, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Consejo Promotor de Universalidad y Competitividad en Salud, Fundación Mexicana para la Salud, A.C., Ciudad de México, México
| | - Salomón Chertorivski
- Division of Public Administration, Center for Economic Research and Teaching (CIDE), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sonia Ortega
- Tómatelo a Pecho, A.C., Ciudad de México, México
- Consejo Promotor de Universalidad y Competitividad en Salud, Fundación Mexicana para la Salud, A.C., Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mariana Chudnovsky
- Division of Public Administration, Center for Economic Research and Teaching (CIDE), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pablo Kuri
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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Mohan M, Rue HA, Bajaj S, Galgamuwa GAP, Adrah E, Aghai MM, Broadbent EN, Khadamkar O, Sasmito SD, Roise J, Doaemo W, Cardil A. Afforestation, reforestation and new challenges from COVID-19: Thirty-three recommendations to support civil society organizations (CSOs). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 287:112277. [PMID: 33756214 PMCID: PMC8809530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Afforestation/reforestation (A/R) programs spearheaded by Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) play a significant role in reaching global climate policy targets and helping low-income nations meet the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, these organizations face unprecedented challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, these challenges affect their ability to address issues associated with deforestation and forest degradation in a timely manner. We discuss the influence COVID-19 can have on previous, present and future A/R initiatives, in particular, the ones led by International Non-governmental Organizations (INGOs). We provide thirty-three recommendations for exploring underlying deforestation patterns and optimizing forest policy reforms to support forest cover expansion during the pandemic. The recommendations are classified into four groups - i) curbing deforestation and improving A/R, ii) protecting the environment and mitigating climate change, iii) enhancing socio-economic conditions, and iv) amending policy and law enforcement practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midhun Mohan
- Department of Geography, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94709, USA; United Nations Volunteering Program, Morobe Development Foundation, Lae, 00411, Papua New Guinea.
| | - Hayden A Rue
- United Nations Volunteering Program, Morobe Development Foundation, Lae, 00411, Papua New Guinea; Grow Non-profit, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Shaurya Bajaj
- United Nations Volunteering Program, Morobe Development Foundation, Lae, 00411, Papua New Guinea.
| | - G A Pabodha Galgamuwa
- United Nations Volunteering Program, Morobe Development Foundation, Lae, 00411, Papua New Guinea; The Nature Conservancy, Maryland/DC Chapter, Cumberland, MD, 21502, USA.
| | - Esmaeel Adrah
- United Nations Volunteering Program, Morobe Development Foundation, Lae, 00411, Papua New Guinea.
| | | | - Eben North Broadbent
- Spatial Ecology and Conservation Lab, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Omkar Khadamkar
- United Nations Volunteering Program, Morobe Development Foundation, Lae, 00411, Papua New Guinea.
| | - Sigit D Sasmito
- NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, 19 Singapore, 119077, Singapore; Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, 1 Arts Link, Singapore, 117570, Singapore.
| | - Joseph Roise
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, 2820 Faucette Dr., Campus Box 8001, 27695, Raleigh, NC, United States.
| | - Willie Doaemo
- United Nations Volunteering Program, Morobe Development Foundation, Lae, 00411, Papua New Guinea; Morobe Development Foundation, Doyle Street, Trish Avenue-Eriku, Lae, 00411, Papua New Guinea; Department of Civil Engineering, Papua New Guinea University of Technology, Lae, 00411, Papua New Guinea.
| | - Adrian Cardil
- Tecnosylva, Parque Tecnológico de León, 24009, León, Spain; Forest Science and Technology Centre of Catalonia (CTFC), Ctra. Sant Llorenç de Morunys, Km 2, 25280, Solsona, Lleida, Spain; School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering, University of Lleida, Av. de l'Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Solsona, Lleida, Spain.
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Aruhomukama D, Bulafu D. Demystifying media sources of information and levels of knowledge about COVID-19: a rapid mini-review of cross-sectional studies in Africa. F1000Res 2021. [DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.51240.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 control is highly affected by knowledge levels which are also affected by receipt of information on the disease. Therefore, this review examined knowledge levels and media sources of information findings of the studies on knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and practices towards COVID-19 done in low- and middle-income countries in Africa to shed light on the interplay of the use of different media platforms and populations’ knowledge about the COVID-19 pandemic and identify shorter- and longer-term priorities for COVID-19 research to improve the continent’s capacity to not only deal with COVID-19 but also future pandemics. Searches were conducted in PubMed and CINAHL databases/sites with major terms being “knowledge”, “attitudes”, “perceptions”, “practices”, “COVID-19 “, and “Africa”. 319 were where identified and subjected to the exclusion and inclusion criteria retaining only 10 free, full-text research articles related to knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and practices towards COVID-19. This review summarized the levels of knowledge and media information sources among African populations. The review indicated a largely higher level of knowledge towards COVID-19 among populations who received information through various media platforms and alluded to the different media platforms that could be appropriate to spread COVID-19 related information to African populations.
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Díaz de León-Martínez L, Flores-Ramírez R, Rodriguez-Aguilar M, Berumen-Rodríguez A, Pérez-Vázquez FJ, Díaz-Barriga F. Analysis of urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in precarious workers of highly exposed occupational scenarios in Mexico. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:23087-23098. [PMID: 33442806 PMCID: PMC7806253 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12413-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a risk factor for human health. Workers are a vulnerable group due to their high exposure and therefore require special attention to mitigation measurements; however, some groups of workers are especially vulnerable, precarious workers. The objective of this research was to evaluate mixtures of hydroxylated PAHs (OH-PAHs) in precarious workers in Mexico. The following activities were evaluated: (i) brickmakers (TER), stonemasons (ESC), indigenous workers (TOC) and mercury miners (CAM). Ten OH-PAHS were analyzed: 1-hydroxynaphtalene and 2-hydroxynaphtalene; 2-,3- and 9-hydroxyfluorene; 1-,2-,3- and 4-hydroxyphenanthrene; and 1-hydroxypyrene in urine by GC-MS, chemical fingerprints of the sites were established by multivariate analysis. One hundred forty-nine precarious workers participated in the study. The populations presented total OH-PAHs concentrations of 9.20 (6.65-97.57), 14.8 (9.32-18.85), 15.7 (6.92-195.0), and 101.2 (8.02-134.4) μg/L for CAM, ESC, TER, and TOC, respectively (median (IQR)). The results of the multivariate analysis indicate that the indigenous population presented a different fingerprint compared to the three scenarios. The chemical fingerprints among the brickmakers and mercury mining population were similar. The results of the concentrations were similar and in some metabolites higher than workers in occupations classified as carcinogenic by the IARC; therefore, the control of exposure in these occupations acquires great importance and surveillance through biological monitoring of OH-PAHs should be applied to better estimate exposure in these working populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Díaz de León-Martínez
- Center for Applied Research on Environment and Health (CIAAS), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, CP 78210, SLP, México
| | - Rogelio Flores-Ramírez
- Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, CP 78210, SLP, México.
| | | | - Alejandra Berumen-Rodríguez
- Center for Applied Research on Environment and Health (CIAAS), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, CP 78210, SLP, México
| | - Francisco J Pérez-Vázquez
- Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, CP 78210, SLP, México
| | - Fernando Díaz-Barriga
- Center for Applied Research on Environment and Health (CIAAS), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, CP 78210, SLP, México
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COVID-19 Risk Assessment: Contributing to Maintaining Urban Public Health Security and Achieving Sustainable Urban Development. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13084208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As the most infectious disease in 2020, COVID-19 is an enormous shock to urban public health security and to urban sustainable development. Although the epidemic in China has been brought into control at present, the prevention and control of it is still the top priority of maintaining public health security. Therefore, the accurate assessment of epidemic risk is of great importance to the prevention and control even to overcoming of COVID-19. Using the fused data obtained from fusing multi-source big data such as POI (Point of Interest) data and Tencent-Yichuxing data, this study assesses and analyzes the epidemic risk and main factors that affect the distribution of COVID-19 on the basis of combining with logistic regression model and geodetector model. What’s more, the following main conclusions are obtained: the high-risk areas of the epidemic are mainly concentrated in the areas with relatively dense permanent population and floating population, which means that the permanent population and floating population are the main factors affecting the risk level of the epidemic. In other words, the reasonable control of population density is greatly conducive to reducing the risk level of the epidemic. Therefore, the control of regional population density remains the key to epidemic prevention and control, and home isolation is also the best means of prevention and control. The precise assessment and analysis of the epidemic conducts by this study is of great significance to maintain urban public health security and achieve the sustainable urban development.
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Argoty-Pantoja AD, Robles-Rivera K, Rivera-Paredez B, Salmerón J. COVID-19 fatality in Mexico's indigenous populations. Public Health 2021; 193:69-75. [PMID: 33743216 PMCID: PMC7877204 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to explore the factors that could explain the differences in fatality rates among indigenous groups with COVID-19 diagnosis compared with the rest of the population in Mexico. STUDY DESIGN We analyzed the public data of COVID-19 surveillance, of the Mexican Ministry of Health, to estimate COVID-19 fatality rates by ethnicity. METHODS We explored associated factors using Cox proportional hazards models stratified by outpatient and hospital management at diagnosis; analysis was conducted in three scenarios: national level, states with 89% of the indigenous population, and South Pacific region. RESULTS A total of 412,017 COVID-19 cases were included, with 1.1% of the indigenous population. The crude fatality rate per 1000 person-weeks was 64.8% higher among indigenous than among non-indigenous people (29.97 vs. 18.18, respectively), and it increased more than twice within outpatients (5.99 vs. 2.64, respectively). Cox analysis revealed that indigenous people who received outpatient management had higher fatality rate than non-indigenous outpatients, at the national level (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.34-1.98), within the subgroup of 13 states (HR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.33-2.07), and in the South Pacific region (HR = 2.35; 95% CI = 1.49-3.69). Factors associated with higher fatality rates among non-indigenous and indigenous outpatients were age, sex, and comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 fatality is higher among indigenous populations, particularly within cases managed as outpatients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Argoty-Pantoja
- Research Center in Policy, Population and Health, School of Medicine. National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - K Robles-Rivera
- Research Center in Policy, Population and Health, School of Medicine. National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - B Rivera-Paredez
- Research Center in Policy, Population and Health, School of Medicine. National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - J Salmerón
- Research Center in Policy, Population and Health, School of Medicine. National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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Mishra J, Mishra P, Arora NK. Linkages between environmental issues and zoonotic diseases: with reference to COVID-19 pandemic. ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY (SINGAPORE) 2021; 4:455-467. [PMID: 38624661 PMCID: PMC8005368 DOI: 10.1007/s42398-021-00165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has taken mankind by surprise with various unprecedented impacts on human life around the globe. This zoonotic pandemic is proving to be the most destructive disease outbreaks since decades. The increasing human population and anthropogenic activities have impacted the environment and have direct linkages with the current and other recent outbreaks of zoonotic diseases. Despite having a difference in their origin, major reasons behind the emergence and spread of zoonotic pandemics are related to activities such as habitat fragmentation, deforestation, biodiversity loss, intensive agriculture and livestock farming, uncontrolled urbanization, pollution, climate change and bushmeat hunting and trading. It is important to focus on environmental and climatic factors that are involved in the emergence of such pandemics involving novel human pathogens and viruses in particular. Research and data analysis, particularly in relation to COVID-19, has shown that meteorological factors along with population density and living conditions (particularly in the urban and semi-urban areas) play a crucial role in the intensity, evolution and spread of SARS-CoV-2. This particular virus is novel but coronaviruses have a long history and are known to cause disease outbreaks earlier as well. COVID-19 pandemic provides learning for the future, in particular the importance of environmental sustainability for controlling such outbreaks. A strategic plan can be developed involving policy-makers, organizations, and governments to control the onset and spread of the novel pathogens. This review-based study recommends that prevention of COVID-19 like pandemics from re-occurring is through tackling the issues related to the environment by controlling anthropogenic activities. It will also be important to track the lineage and future evolution course of such human pathogens so as to determine the nexus of environmental and biological factors in the development and spread of novel strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Mishra
- Department of Environmental Science, School for Earth and Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar (Central) University, Lucknow, 226025 India
| | - Priya Mishra
- Department of Environmental Science, School for Earth and Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar (Central) University, Lucknow, 226025 India
| | - Naveen Kumar Arora
- Department of Environmental Science, School for Earth and Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar (Central) University, Lucknow, 226025 India
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Núñez A, Sreeganga SD, Ramaprasad A. Access to Healthcare during COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18062980. [PMID: 33799417 PMCID: PMC7999346 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ensuring access to healthcare is critical to prevent illnesses and deaths from COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 cases in health systems that have deteriorated during the pandemic. This study aims to map the existing literature on healthcare access after the appearance of COVID-19 using an ontological framework. This will help us to formalize, standardize, visualize and assess the barriers to and drivers of access to healthcare, and how to continue working towards a more accessible health system. A total of 131 articles are included and considered for mapping in the framework. The results were also compared to the World Health Organization guidelines on maintaining essential health services to determine the overlapping and nonoverlapping areas. We showed the benefits of using ontology to promote a systematic approach to address healthcare problems of access during COVID-19 or other pandemics and set public policies. This systematic approach will provide feedback to study the existing guidelines to make them more effective, learn about the existing gaps in research, and the relationship between the two of them. These results set the foundation for the discussion of future public health policies and research in relevant areas where we might pay attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Núñez
- Department of Management Control and Information Systems, School of Economics and Business, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8330015, Chile
- Correspondence:
| | - S. D. Sreeganga
- Ramaiah Public Policy Center, Bengaluru 560054, India; (S.D.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Arkalgud Ramaprasad
- Ramaiah Public Policy Center, Bengaluru 560054, India; (S.D.S.); (A.R.)
- Information and Decision Sciences Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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Ibarra-Nava I, Flores-Rodriguez KG, Ruiz-Herrera V, Ochoa-Bayona HC, Salinas-Zertuche A, Padilla-Orozco M, Salazar-Montalvo RG. Ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality in Mexico: A cross-sectional study based on national data. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0239168. [PMID: 33690607 PMCID: PMC7946310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Across the world, the COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected racial and ethnic minorities. How ethnicity affects Indigenous peoples in Mexico is unclear. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the mortality associated with ethnicity, particularly of Indigenous peoples, in a large sample of patients with COVID-19 in Mexico. METHODS We used open access data from the Mexican Ministry of Health, which includes data of all confirmed COVID-19 cases in the country. We used descriptive statistics to compare differences among different groups of patients. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios while adjusting for confounders. RESULTS From February 28 to August 3, 2020, a total of 416546 adult patients were diagnosed with COVID-19. Among these, 4178 were Indigenous peoples. Among all patients with COVID-19, whether hospitalized or not, a higher proportion of Indigenous peoples died compared to non-Indigenous people (16.5% vs 11.1%, respectively). Among hospitalized patients, a higher proportion of Indigenous peoples died (37.1%) compared to non-Indigenous peoples (36.3%). Deaths outside the hospital were also higher among Indigenous peoples (3.7% vs 1.7%). A higher proportion of Indigenous peoples died in both the private and public health care sectors. The adjusted odds ratio for COVID-19 mortality among Indigenous peoples with COVID-19 was 1.13 (95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.24). The adjusted odds ratio for COVID-19 mortality among Indigenous peoples with COVID-19 was higher among those who received only ambulatory care (1.55, 95% confidence interval 1.24 to 1.92). DISCUSSION In this large sample of patients with COVID-19, the findings suggest that Indigenous peoples in Mexico have a higher risk of death from COVID-19, especially outside the hospital. These findings suggest Indigenous peoples lack access to care more so than non-Indigenous people during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Ibarra-Nava
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Kathia G. Flores-Rodriguez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Violeta Ruiz-Herrera
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Hilda C. Ochoa-Bayona
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Salinas-Zertuche
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Magaly Padilla-Orozco
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Raul G. Salazar-Montalvo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
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Castro RR, Santos RSC, Sousa GJB, Pinheiro YT, Martins RRIM, Pereira MLD, Silva RAR. Spatial dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Epidemiol Infect 2021; 149:e60. [PMID: 33629938 PMCID: PMC7985898 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268821000479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyse the dynamics of spatial dispersion of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Brazil by correlating them to socioeconomic indicators. This is an ecological study of COVID-19 cases and deaths between 26 February and 31 July 2020. All Brazilian counties were used as units of analysis. The incidence, mortality, Bayesian incidence and mortality rates, global and local Moran indices were calculated. A geographic weighted regression analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between incidence and mortality due to COVID-19 and socioeconomic indicators (independent variables). There were confirmed 2 662 485 cases of COVID-19 reported in Brazil from February to July 2020 with higher rates of incidence in the north and northeast. The Moran global index of incidence rate (0.50, P = 0.01) and mortality (0.45 with P = 0.01) indicate a positive spatial autocorrelation with high standards in the north, northeast and in the largest urban centres between cities in the southeast region. In the same period, there were 92 475 deaths from COVID-19, with higher mortality rates in the northern states of Brazil, mainly Amazonas, Pará and Amapá. The results show that there is a geospatial correlation of COVID-19 in large urban centres and regions with the lowest human development index in the country. In the geographic weighted regression, it was possible to identify that the percentage of people living in residences with density higher than 2 per dormitory, the municipality human development index (MHDI) and the social vulnerability index were the indicators that most contributed to explaining incidence, social development index and the municipality human development index contributed the most to the mortality model. We hope that the findings will contribute to reorienting public health responses to combat COVID-19 in Brazil, the new epicentre of the disease in South America, as well as in other countries that have similar epidemiological and health characteristics to those in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. R. Castro
- Postgraduate program in Clinical Nursing Care and Health, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil
| | - R. S. C. Santos
- Postgraduate program in Nursing, Faculdade Metropolitana de Ciências e Tecnologia, Parnamirim, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
| | - G. J. B. Sousa
- Postgraduate program in Clinical Nursing Care and Health, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil
| | - Y. T. Pinheiro
- Faculdade Maurício de Nassau, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil
| | | | - M. L. D. Pereira
- Postgraduate program in Clinical Care in Nursing and Health, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil
| | - R. A. R. Silva
- Postgraduate program in Nursing, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
- Postgraduate program in Collective Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
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