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Si C, Gao J, Ma X. Natural killer cell-derived exosome-based cancer therapy: from biological roles to clinical significance and implications. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:134. [PMID: 38951879 PMCID: PMC11218398 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are important immune cells in the organism and are the third major type of lymphocytes besides T cells and B cells, which play an important function in cancer therapy. In addition to retaining the tumor cell killing function of natural killer cells, natural killer cell-derived exosomes cells also have the characteristics of high safety, wide source, easy to preserve and transport. At the same time, natural killer cell-derived exosomes are easy to modify, and the engineered exosomes can be used in combination with a variety of current cancer therapies, which not only enhances the therapeutic efficacy, but also significantly reduces the side effects. Therefore, this review summarizes the source, isolation and modification strategies of natural killer cell-derived exosomes and the combined application of natural killer cell-derived engineered exosomes with other antitumor therapies, which is expected to accelerate the clinical translation process of natural killer cell-derived engineered exosomes in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohua Si
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Jianen Gao
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100000, China.
| | - Xu Ma
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100000, China.
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2
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Yao Y, Ye Y, Chen J, Zhang M, Cai X, Zheng C. Maternal-fetal immunity and recurrent spontaneous abortion. Am J Reprod Immunol 2024; 91:e13859. [PMID: 38722063 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion (RSA) is a common pregnancy complication, that has multifactorial causes, and currently, 40%-50% of cases remain unexplained, referred to as Unexplained RSA (URSA). Due to the elusive etiology and mechanisms, clinical management is exceedingly challenging. In recent years, with the progress in reproductive immunology, a growing body of evidence suggests a relationship between URSA and maternal-fetal immunology, offering hope for the development of tailored treatment strategies. This article provides an immunological perspective on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of RSA. On one hand, it comprehensively reviews the immunological mechanisms underlying RSA, including abnormalities in maternal-fetal interface immune tolerance, maternal-fetal interface immune cell function, gut microbiota-mediated immune dysregulation, and vaginal microbiota-mediated immune anomalies. On the other hand, it presents the diagnosis and existing treatment modalities for RSA. This article offers a clear knowledge framework for understanding RSA from an immunological standpoint. In conclusion, while the "layers of the veil" regarding immunological factors in RSA are gradually being unveiled, our current research may only scratch the surface. In terms of immunological etiology, effective diagnostic tools for RSA are currently lacking, and the efficacy and safety of immunotherapies, primarily based on lymphocyte immunotherapy and intravenous immunoglobulin, remain contentious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caihong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Zeng J, Cao D, Yang S, Jaijyan DK, Liu X, Wu S, Cruz-Cosme R, Tang Q, Zhu H. Insights into the Transcriptome of Human Cytomegalovirus: A Comprehensive Review. Viruses 2023; 15:1703. [PMID: 37632045 PMCID: PMC10458407 DOI: 10.3390/v15081703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widespread pathogen that poses significant risks to immunocompromised individuals. Its genome spans over 230 kbp and potentially encodes over 200 open-reading frames. The HCMV transcriptome consists of various types of RNAs, including messenger RNAs (mRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs), with emerging insights into their biological functions. HCMV mRNAs are involved in crucial viral processes, such as viral replication, transcription, and translation regulation, as well as immune modulation and other effects on host cells. Additionally, four lncRNAs (RNA1.2, RNA2.7, RNA4.9, and RNA5.0) have been identified in HCMV, which play important roles in lytic replication like bypassing acute antiviral responses, promoting cell movement and viral spread, and maintaining HCMV latency. CircRNAs have gained attention for their important and diverse biological functions, including association with different diseases, acting as microRNA sponges, regulating parental gene expression, and serving as translation templates. Remarkably, HCMV encodes miRNAs which play critical roles in silencing human genes and other functions. This review gives an overview of human cytomegalovirus and current research on the HCMV transcriptome during lytic and latent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 070101, USA
| | - Di Cao
- Department of Pain Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Shaomin Yang
- Department of Pain Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Dabbu Kumar Jaijyan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 070101, USA
| | - Xiaolian Liu
- Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Songbin Wu
- Department of Pain Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Ruth Cruz-Cosme
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Street NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Qiyi Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Street NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 070101, USA
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Andreescu M, Frîncu F, Plotogea M, Mehedințu C. Recurrent Abortion and the Involvement of Killer-Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR) Genes, Activated T Cells, NK Abnormalities, and Cytokine Profiles. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041355. [PMID: 36835892 PMCID: PMC9968158 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune tolerance at the feto-maternal interface is crucial for the growth of the semi-allograft fetus in the womb. The outcome of pregnancy is dependent on a fine balance between various immunological forces. For a long time, the potential role of the immune system in pregnancy disorders has remained enigmatic. Current evidence has revealed that natural killer (NK) cells are the predominant immune cell population in the uterine decidua. NK cells cooperate with T-cells to provide an optimal microenvironment for the growth of the developing fetus by producing cytokines, chemokines, and angiogenic factors. These factors support trophoblast migration and angiogenesis which regulates the process of placentation. NK cells differentiate between "self" and "non-self" through their surface receptors known as killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs). They induce immune tolerance through communication via their KIR and fetal human leucocyte antigens (HLA). KIRs are surface receptors of NKs that comprise both activating and inhibiting receptors. Due to the wide diversity manifested by its genes, the KIR repertoire is different in each individual. Significant evidence has implicated KIRs in recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA); however, maternal KIR gene diversity in RSA is still unclear. Research has shown that immunological aberrancies including activating KIRs, NK abnormalities, and T cell downregulation are risk factors for RSA. In this review, we discuss relevant data from experimental studies on NK cell abnormalities, KIR, and T-cells in the incidence of recurrent spontaneous abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Andreescu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University of Bucharest, 040051 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Hematology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (F.F.)
| | - Francesca Frîncu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Filantropia Clinical Hospital, 01171 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (F.F.)
| | - Mihaela Plotogea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nicolae Malaxa Clinical Hospital, 022441 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Claudia Mehedințu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Filantropia Clinical Hospital, 01171 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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5
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Chen H, Sun L, Feng L, Yin Y, Zhang W. Role of Innate lymphoid Cells in Obesity and Insulin Resistance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:855197. [PMID: 35574038 PMCID: PMC9091334 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.855197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a growing chronic metabolic disease, greatly increases the risk of metabolic syndrome which includes type 2 diabetes, fatty liver and cardiovascular diseases. Obesity-associated metabolic diseases significantly contribute to mortality and reduce life expectancy. Recently, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have emerged as crucial regulators of metabolic homeostasis and tissue inflammation. This review focuses on the roles of ILCs in different metabolic tissues, including adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, and intestine. We briefly outline the relationship between obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance. We then discuss how ILCs in distinct metabolic organs may function to maintain metabolic homeostasis and contribute to obesity and its associated metabolic diseases. The potential of ILCs as the therapeutic target for obesity and insulin resistance is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Weizhen Zhang, ; Yue Yin,
| | - Weizhen Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Weizhen Zhang, ; Yue Yin,
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CAR-modified memory-like NK cells exhibit potent responses to NK-resistant lymphomas. Blood 2021; 136:2308-2318. [PMID: 32614951 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020006619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a promising cellular immunotherapy for cancer. Cytokine-induced memory-like (ML) NK cells differentiate after activation with interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-15, and IL-18, exhibit potent antitumor responses, and safely induce complete remissions in patients with leukemia. However, many cancers are not fully recognized via NK cell receptors. Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have been used to enhance tumor-specific recognition by effector lymphocytes. We hypothesized that ML differentiation and CAR engineering would result in complementary improvements in NK cell responses against NK-resistant cancers. To test this idea, peripheral blood ML NK cells were modified to express an anti-CD19 CAR (19-CAR-ML), which displayed significantly increased interferon γ production, degranulation, and specific killing against NK-resistant lymphoma lines and primary targets compared with nonspecific control CAR-ML NK cells or conventional CAR NK cells. The 19-CAR and ML responses were synergistic and CAR specific and required immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif signaling. Furthermore, 19-CAR-ML NK cells generated from lymphoma patients exhibited improved responses against their autologous lymphomas. 19-CAR-ML NK cells controlled lymphoma burden in vivo and improved survival in human xenograft models. Thus, CAR engineering of ML NK cells enhanced responses against resistant cancers and warrants further investigation, with the potential to broaden ML NK cell recognition against a variety of NK cell-resistant tumors.
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Rafei H, Daher M, Rezvani K. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) natural killer (NK)-cell therapy: leveraging the power of innate immunity. Br J Haematol 2021; 193:216-230. [PMID: 33216984 PMCID: PMC9942693 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are a rapidly emerging form of cancer treatment, and have resulted in remarkable responses in refractory lymphoid malignancies. However, their widespread clinical use is limited by toxicity related to cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity, the logistic complexity of their manufacturing, cost and time-to-treatment for autologous CAR-T cells, and the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) associated with allogeneic CAR-T cells. Natural killer (NK) cells have emerged as a promising source of cells for CAR-based therapies due to their ready availability and safety profile. NK cells are part of the innate immune system, providing the first line of defence against pathogens and cancer cells. They produce cytokines and mediate cytotoxicity without the need for prior sensitisation and have the ability to interact with, and activate other immune cells. NK cells for immunotherapy can be generated from multiple sources, such as expanded autologous or allogeneic peripheral blood, umbilical cord blood, haematopoietic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, as well as cell lines. Genetic engineering of NK cells to express a CAR has shown impressive preclinical results and is currently being explored in multiple clinical trials. In the present review, we discuss both the preclinical and clinical trial progress made in the field of CAR NK-cell therapy, and the strategies to overcome the challenges encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Rafei
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - May Daher
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katayoun Rezvani
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Marofi F, Rahman HS, Thangavelu L, Dorofeev A, Bayas-Morejón F, Shirafkan N, Shomali N, Chartrand MS, Jarahian M, Vahedi G, Mohammed RN, Shahrokh S, Akbari M, Khiavi FM. Renaissance of armored immune effector cells, CAR-NK cells, brings the higher hope for successful cancer therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:200. [PMID: 33752707 PMCID: PMC7983395 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02251-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, a new method of cellular immunotherapy was introduced based on engineering and empowering the immune effector cells. In this type of immunotherapy, the immune effector cells are equipped with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) to specifically target cancer cells. In much of the trials and experiments, CAR-modified T cell immunotherapy has achieved very promising therapeutic results in the treatment of some types of cancers and infectious diseases. However, there are also some considerable drawbacks in the clinical application of CAR-T cells although much effort is in progress to rectify the issues. In some conditions, CAR-T cells initiate over-activated and strong immune responses, therefore, causing unexpected side-effects such as systemic cytokine toxicity (i.e., cytokine release syndrome), neurotoxicity, on-target, off-tumor toxicity, and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). To overcome these limitations in CAR-T cell immunotherapy, NK cells as an alternative source of immune effector cells have been utilized for CAR-engineering. Natural killer cells are key players of the innate immune system that can destroy virus-infected cells, tumor cells, or other aberrant cells with their efficient recognizing capability. Compared to T cells, CAR-transduced NK cells (CAR-NK) have several advantages, such as safety in clinical use, non-MHC-restricted recognition of tumor cells, and renewable and easy cell sources for their preparation. In this review, we will discuss the recent preclinical and clinical studies, different sources of NK cells, transduction methods, possible limitations and challenges, and clinical considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faroogh Marofi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Suleimanyah, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Associate professor, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Aleksey Dorofeev
- Department of Propaedeutics of Dental Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University,), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Favian Bayas-Morejón
- Center for Research and Biotechnological Development, Research Department, Bolivar State University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Natural Resources and the Environment, CP 020150 Guaranda, Ecuador
| | - Naghmeh Shirafkan
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Navid Shomali
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mostafa Jarahian
- German Cancer Research Center, Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit (G401), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ghasem Vahedi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Rebar N. Mohammed
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Suleimanyah, Iraq
| | - Somayeh Shahrokh
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Morteza Akbari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin and Other Pathogen Glycoprotein Interactions with NK Cell Natural Cytotoxicity Receptors NKp46, NKp44, and NKp30. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020156. [PMID: 33494528 PMCID: PMC7911750 DOI: 10.3390/v13020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are part of the innate immunity repertoire, and function in the recognition and destruction of tumorigenic and pathogen-infected cells. Engagement of NK cell activating receptors can lead to functional activation of NK cells, resulting in lysis of target cells. NK cell activating receptors specific for non-major histocompatibility complex ligands are NKp46, NKp44, NKp30, NKG2D, and CD16 (also known as FcγRIII). The natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs), NKp46, NKp44, and NKp30, have been implicated in functional activation of NK cells following influenza virus infection via binding with influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA). In this review we describe NK cell and influenza A virus biology, and the interactions of influenza A virus HA and other pathogen lectins with NK cell natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs). We review concepts which intersect viral immunology, traditional virology and glycobiology to provide insights into the interactions between influenza virus HA and the NCRs. Furthermore, we provide expert opinion on future directions that would provide insights into currently unanswered questions.
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Fontana F, Bartolo R, Santos HA. Biohybrid Nanosystems for Cancer Treatment: Merging the Best of Two Worlds. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1295:135-162. [PMID: 33543459 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58174-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
During the last 20+ years, research into the biomedical application of nanotechnology has helped in reshaping cancer treatment. The clinical use of several passively targeted nanosystems resulted in improved quality of care for patients. However, the therapeutic efficacy of these systems is not superior to the original drugs. Moreover, despite extensive investigations into actively targeted nanocarriers, numerous barriers still remain before their successful clinical translation, including sufficient bloodstream circulation time and efficient tumor targeting. The combination of synthetic nanomaterials with biological elements (e.g., cells, cell membranes, and macromolecules) is presently the cutting-edge research in cancer nanotechnology. The features provided by the biological moieties render the particles with prolonged bloodstream circulation time and homotopic targeting to the tumor site. Moreover, cancer cell membranes serve as sources of neoantigens, useful in the formulation of nanovaccines. In this chapter, we will discuss the advantages of biohybrid nanosystems in cancer chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and combined therapy, as well as highlight their preparation methods and clinical translatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Fontana
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raquél Bartolo
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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11
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Ma L, Li Q, Cai S, Peng H, Huyan T, Yang H. The role of NK cells in fighting the virus infection and sepsis. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:3236-3248. [PMID: 34400893 PMCID: PMC8364442 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.59898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer cells, one of the important types of innate immune cells, play a pivotal role in the antiviral process in vivo. It has been shown that increasing NK cell activity may promote the alleviation of viral infections, even severe infection-induced sepsis. Given the current state of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) global pandemic, clarifying the anti-viral function of NK cells would be helpful for revealing the mechanism of host immune responses and decipher the progression of COVID-19 and providing important clues for combating this pandemic. In this review, we summarize the roles of NK cells in viral infection and sepsis as well as the potential possibilities of NK cell-based immunotherapy for treating COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ma
- The Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Qi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Suna Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Hourong Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Ting Huyan
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
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12
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Duev-Cohen A, Isaacson B, Berhani O, Charpak-Amikam Y, Friedman N, Drori Y, Mandelboim M, Mandelboim O. Altered NKp46 Recognition and Elimination of Influenza B Viruses. Viruses 2020; 13:v13010034. [PMID: 33375516 PMCID: PMC7824211 DOI: 10.3390/v13010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Every year, millions of people worldwide are infected with influenza, causing enormous health and economic problems. The most common type of influenza is influenza A. It is known that Natural Killer (NK) cells play an important role in controlling influenza A infection, mostly through the recognition of the viral protein hemagglutinin (HA) by the activating receptor, NKp46. In contrast, little is known regarding NK cell recognition of influenza B viruses, even though they are responsible for a third of all pediatric influenza deaths and are therefore included in the seasonal vaccine each year. Here we show that NKp46 also recognizes influenza B viruses. We show that NKp46 binds the HA protein of influenza B in a sialic acid-dependent manner, and identified the glycosylated residue in NKp46, which is critical for this interaction. We discovered that this interaction has a binding affinity approximately seven times lower than NKp46 binding of influenza A’s HA. Finally, we demonstrated, using mice deficient for the mouse orthologue of NKp46, named NCR1, that NKp46 is not important for influenza B elimination. These findings enable us to better understand the interactions between the different influenza viruses and NK cells that are known to be crucial for viral elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Duev-Cohen
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (A.D.-C.); (B.I.); (O.B.); (Y.C.-A.)
| | - Batya Isaacson
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (A.D.-C.); (B.I.); (O.B.); (Y.C.-A.)
| | - Orit Berhani
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (A.D.-C.); (B.I.); (O.B.); (Y.C.-A.)
| | - Yoav Charpak-Amikam
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (A.D.-C.); (B.I.); (O.B.); (Y.C.-A.)
| | - Nehemya Friedman
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Public Health Services, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 5265601, Israel; (N.F.); (Y.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Yaron Drori
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Public Health Services, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 5265601, Israel; (N.F.); (Y.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Public Health Services, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 5265601, Israel; (N.F.); (Y.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (A.D.-C.); (B.I.); (O.B.); (Y.C.-A.)
- Correspondence:
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Lassalle S, Nahon-Esteve S, Frouin E, Boulagnon-Rombi C, Josselin N, Cassoux N, Barnhill R, Scheller B, Baillif S, Hofman P. PD-L1 Expression in 65 Conjunctival Melanomas and Its Association with Clinical Outcome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239147. [PMID: 33266349 PMCID: PMC7731195 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjunctival melanoma (CM) iss a rare and aggressive tumour that is increasing in frequency. The prognostic value of PD-L1 expression, alone or in combination with CD8 and PD-1 expression and the BRAF and NRAS status, has not been determined in CM to date. We evaluated the expression of PD-L1, CD8, PD-1 in CM and investigated whether there was an association between the expression of these markers and the BRAF and NRAS molecular profile as well as some clinico-pathological criteria. A total of sixty-five CM were assessed for PD-L1, PD-1, and CD8 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and for BRAF and NRAS genomic alterations using molecular biology techniques and anti-BRAF and anti-NRAS antibodies. PD-L1 expression in tumour cells (TC) was very low or absent but detected in tumour-infiltrating immune cells (IC). A correlation was observed between the expression of PD-L1, CD8, and PD-1 in IC. No correlation between PD-L1 expression (in tumour and/or immune cells) and BRAF or NRAS mutations was observed. PD-L1 expression in IC correlated with a higher pTNM stage and PD-L1 expression in TC with worse disease-specific survival. PD-L1 expression is a potential prognostic biomarker that correlates with poor prognosis in CM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Lassalle
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, University Côte d’Azur, Pasteur 1 Hospital, 30 avenue de la voie Romaine CS 51069, 06001 Nice CEDEX 1, France;
- Institute of Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), INSERM U1081/CNRS UMR7284, Medical School 28, Avenue de Valombrose, 06107 Nice CEDEX 2, France
- FHU OncoAge, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, University Côte d’Azur, Pasteur Hospital, 30 avenue de la voie Romaine CS 51069, 06001 Nice CEDEX 1, France
- Hospital-Integrated Biobank (BB 0033-00025), Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur 1 Hospital, 30 avenue de la voie Romaine CS 51069, 06001 Nice CEDEX 1, France
| | - Sacha Nahon-Esteve
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pasteur 2 Hospital, 30 avenue de la voie Romaine CS 51069, 06001 Nice CEDEX 1, France; (S.N.-E.); (S.B.)
| | - Eric Frouin
- Laboratory of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, CS 90577, 86021 Poitiers CEDEX, France;
| | - Camille Boulagnon-Rombi
- Laboratory of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, avenue du Général Koenig, 51092 Reims CEDEX, France;
| | - Nicolas Josselin
- Institut d’Histo-Pathologie, 55 rue Amiral du Chaffault, CS 50424, 44104 Nantes CEDEX 4, France;
| | - Nathalie Cassoux
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institut Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris CEDEX 5, France;
| | - Raymond Barnhill
- Department of Pathology, Institut Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris CEDEX 5, France;
- Faculty of Medicine University of Paris Descartes, 15 rue de l’École de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Boris Scheller
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, CLCC CAL, 33 avenue de Valombrose, 06189 Nice CEDEX 2, France;
| | - Stéphanie Baillif
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pasteur 2 Hospital, 30 avenue de la voie Romaine CS 51069, 06001 Nice CEDEX 1, France; (S.N.-E.); (S.B.)
| | - Paul Hofman
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, University Côte d’Azur, Pasteur 1 Hospital, 30 avenue de la voie Romaine CS 51069, 06001 Nice CEDEX 1, France;
- Institute of Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), INSERM U1081/CNRS UMR7284, Medical School 28, Avenue de Valombrose, 06107 Nice CEDEX 2, France
- FHU OncoAge, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, University Côte d’Azur, Pasteur Hospital, 30 avenue de la voie Romaine CS 51069, 06001 Nice CEDEX 1, France
- Hospital-Integrated Biobank (BB 0033-00025), Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur 1 Hospital, 30 avenue de la voie Romaine CS 51069, 06001 Nice CEDEX 1, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-92-03-88-55; Fax: +33-4-92-03-87-50
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Sivori S, Pende D, Quatrini L, Pietra G, Della Chiesa M, Vacca P, Tumino N, Moretta F, Mingari MC, Locatelli F, Moretta L. NK cells and ILCs in tumor immunotherapy. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 80:100870. [PMID: 32800530 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cells of the innate immunity play an important role in tumor immunotherapy. Thus, NK cells can control tumor growth and metastatic spread. Thanks to their strong cytolytic activity against tumors, different approaches have been developed for exploiting/harnessing their function in patients with leukemia or solid tumors. Pioneering trials were based on the adoptive transfer of autologous NK cell-enriched cell populations that were expanded in vitro and co-infused with IL-2. Although relevant results were obtained in patients with advanced melanoma, the effect was mostly limited to certain metastatic localizations, particularly to the lung. In addition, the severe IL-2-related toxicity and the preferential IL-2-induced expansion of Treg limited this type of approach. This limitation may be overcome by the use of IL-15, particularly of modified IL-15 molecules to improve its half-life and optimize the biological effects. Other approaches to harness NK cell function include stimulation via TLR, the use of bi- and tri-specific NK cell engagers (BiKE and TriKE) linking activating NK receptors (e.g. CD16) to tumor-associated antigens and even incorporating an IL-15 moiety (TriKE). As recently shown, in tumor patients, NK cells may also express inhibitory checkpoints, primarily PD-1. Accordingly, the therapeutic use of checkpoint inhibitors may unleash NK cells against PD-L1+ tumors. This effect may be predominant and crucial in tumors that have lost HLA cl-I expression, thus resulting "invisible" to T lymphocytes. Additional approaches in which NK cells may represent an important tool for cancer therapy, are to exploit the unique properties of the "adaptive" NK cells. These CD57+ NKG2C+ cells, despite their mature stage and a potent cytolytic activity, maintain a strong proliferating capacity. This property revealed to be crucial in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), particularly in the haplo-HSCT setting, to cure high-risk leukemias. T depleted haplo-HSCT (e.g. from one of the parents) allowed to save the life of thousands of patients lacking a HLA-compatible donor. In this setting, NK cells have been shown to play an essential role against leukemia cells and infections. Another major advance is represented by chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered NK cells. CAR-NK, different from CAR-T cells, may be obtained from allogeneic donors since they do not cause GvHD. Accordingly, they may represent "off-the-shelf" products to promptly treat tumor patients, with affordable costs. Different from NK cells, helper ILC (ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3), the innate counterpart of T helper cell subsets, remain rather ambiguous with respect to their anti-tumor activity. A possible exception is represented by a subset of ILC3: their frequency in peri-tumoral tissues in patients with NSCLC directly correlates with a better prognosis, possibly reflecting their ability to contribute to the organization of tertiary lymphoid structures, an important site of T cell-mediated anti-tumor responses. It is conceivable that innate immunity may significantly contribute to the major advances that immunotherapy has ensured and will continue to ensure to the cure of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Sivori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy; Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniela Pende
- UO Immunologia, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Linda Quatrini
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pietra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy; UO Immunologia, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mariella Della Chiesa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy; Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Vacca
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Tumino
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Moretta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mingari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy; UO Immunologia, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; Department of Gynecology/Obstetrics and Pediatrics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.
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15
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Kim K, Khang D. Past, Present, and Future of Anticancer Nanomedicine. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:5719-5743. [PMID: 32821098 PMCID: PMC7418170 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s254774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to summarize the methods that have been used till today, highlight methods that are currently being developed, and predict the future roadmap for anticancer therapy. In the beginning of this review, established approaches for anticancer therapy, such as conventional chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, monoclonal antibodies, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors are summarized. To counteract the side effects of conventional chemotherapy and to increase limited anticancer efficacy, nanodrug- and stem cell-based therapies have been introduced. However, current level of understanding and strategies of nanodrug and stem cell-based therapies have limitations that make them inadequate for clinical application. Subsequently, this manuscript reviews methods with fewer side effects compared to those of the methods mentioned above which are currently being investigated and are already being applied in the clinic. The newer strategies that are already being clinically applied include cancer immunotherapy, especially T cell-mediated therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors, and strategies that are gaining attention include the manipulation of the tumor microenvironment or the activation of dendritic cells. Tumor-associated macrophage repolarization is another potential strategy for cancer immunotherapy, a method which activates macrophages to immunologically attack malignant cells. At the end of this review, we discuss combination therapies, which are the future of cancer treatment. Nanoparticle-based anticancer immunotherapies seem to be effective, in that they effectively use nanodrugs to elicit a greater immune response. The combination of these therapies with others, such as photothermal or tumor vaccine therapy, can result in a greater anticancer effect. Thus, the future of anticancer therapy aims to increase the effectiveness of therapy using various therapies in a synergistic combination rather than individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungeun Kim
- College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea
| | - Dongwoo Khang
- College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea.,Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea.,Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea
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16
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Diab M, Schmiedel D, Seidel E, Bacharach E, Mandelboim O. Human Metapneumovirus Escapes NK Cell Recognition through the Downregulation of Stress-Induced Ligands for NKG2D. Viruses 2020; 12:v12070781. [PMID: 32698530 PMCID: PMC7412239 DOI: 10.3390/v12070781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pneumoviridae family includes human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and human orthopneumovirus, which is also known as a respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV). These are large enveloped, negative single-strand RNA viruses. HMPV and HRSV are the human members, which commonly infect children. HMPV, which was discovered in 2001, infects most children until the age of five, which causes an influenza-like illness. The interaction of this virus with immune cells is poorly understood. In this study, we show that HMPV evades natural killer (NK) cell attack by downregulating stress-induced ligands for the activating receptor NKG2D including: Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I polypeptide-related sequences A and B (MICA, MICB), UL16 binding proteins ULBP2, and ULBP3, but not ULBP1. Mechanistically, we show that the viral protein G is involved in the downregulation of ULBP2 and that the viral protein M2.2 is required for MICA and MICB downregulation. These findings emphasize the importance of NK cells, in general, and NKG2D, in particular, in controlling HMPV infection, which opens new avenues for treating HMPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Diab
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (M.D.); (D.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Dominik Schmiedel
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (M.D.); (D.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Einat Seidel
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (M.D.); (D.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Eran Bacharach
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (M.D.); (D.S.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-2675-7515
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17
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BCL11B regulates MICA/B-mediated immune response by acting as a competitive endogenous RNA. Oncogene 2019; 39:1514-1526. [PMID: 31673069 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1083-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immune surveillance is an important host protection process that inhibits carcinogenesis and maintains cellular homeostasis. The major histocompatibility complex class I-related molecules A and B (MICA and MICB) are NKG2D ligands that play important roles in tumor immune surveillance. In the present study, by a combined bioinformatics prediction and experimental approach, we identify BCL11B 3'-UTR as a putative MICA and MICB ceRNA. We demonstrate in several human cell lines of different origins that the knockdown of BCL11B downregulates surface expression of MICA and MICB. Furthermore, we demonstrate miRNA dependency of BCL11B-mediated MICA and MICB regulation in Dicer knockdown HCT116 cells. In addition, MICA/B-targeting miRNAs (miR-17, miR-93, miR-20a, miR-20b, miR-106a, and miR-106b) repressed the expression of BCL11B by targeting its 3'-UTR. Moreover, we showed that the BCL11B knockdown-mediated downregulation of MICA/B resulted in reduced NK cell elimination in vitro and in vivo through reduced recognition of NKG2D. Of particular significance, BCL11B displays tumor-suppressive properties. The expression of BCL11B is downregulated in colon cancer tissues and associated with a reduced median survival of colon cancer patients. Taken together, our study revealed a new mechanism of BCL11B that prevents immune evasion of cancerous cells by upregulation of the NKG2D ligands MICA and MICB in a ceRNA manner.
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18
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Jang JE, Hwang DY, Chung H, Kim SJ, Eom JI, Jeung HK, Song J, Kim JS, Cheong JW, Min YH. Early Cytomegalovirus Reactivation and Expansion of CD56brightCD16dim/−DNAM1+ Natural Killer Cells Are Associated with Antileukemia Effect after Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation in Acute Leukemia. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2019; 25:2070-2078. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Lucar O, Reeves RK, Jost S. A Natural Impact: NK Cells at the Intersection of Cancer and HIV Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1850. [PMID: 31474977 PMCID: PMC6705184 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite efficient suppression of plasma viremia in people living with HIV (PLWH) on cART, evidence of HIV-induced immunosuppression remains, and normally benign and opportunistic pathogens become major sources of co-morbidities, including virus-induced cancers. In fact, cancer remains a primary cause of death even in virally suppressed PLWH. Natural killer (NK) cells provide rapid early responses to HIV infection, contribute substantially to disease modulation and vaccine protection, and are also major therapeutic targets for cancer immunotherapy. However, much like other lymphocyte populations, recent burgeoning evidence suggests that in chronic conditions like HIV, NK cells can become functionally exhausted with impaired cytotoxic function, altered cytokine production and impaired antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Recent work suggests functional anergy is likely due to low-level ongoing virus replication, increased inflammatory cytokines, or increased presence of MHClow target cells. Indeed, HIV-induced loss of NK cell-mediated control of lytic EBV infection has been specifically shown to cause lymphoma and also increases replication of CMV. In this review, we will discuss current understanding of NK cell modulation of HIV disease, reciprocal exhaustion of NK cells, and how this may impact increased cancer incidences and prospects for NK cell-targeted immunotherapies. Finally, we will review the most recent evidence supporting adaptive functions of NK cells and highlight the potential of adaptive NK cells for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Lucar
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - R Keith Reeves
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Stephanie Jost
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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20
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Di Vito C, Mikulak J, Zaghi E, Pesce S, Marcenaro E, Mavilio D. NK cells to cure cancer. Semin Immunol 2019; 41:101272. [PMID: 31085114 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes able to mediate immune-surveillance and clearance of viral infected and tumor-transformed cells. Growing experimental and clinical evidence highlighted a dual role of NK cells either in the control of cancer development/progression or in promoting the onset of immune-suppressant tumor microenvironments. Indeed, several mechanisms of NK cell-mediated tumor escape have been described and these includes cancer-induced aberrant expression of activating and inhibitory receptors (i.e. NK cell immune checkpoints), impairments of NK cell migration to tumor sites and altered NK cell effector-functions. These phenomena highly contribute to tumor progression and metastasis formation. In this review, we discuss the latest insights on those NK cell receptors and related molecules that are currently being implemented in clinics either as possible prognostic factors or therapeutic targets to unleash NK cell anti-tumor effector-functions in vivo. Moreover, we address here the major recent advances in regard to the genetic modification and ex vivo expansion of anti-tumor specific NK cells used in innovative adoptive cellular transfer approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Di Vito
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Joanna Mikulak
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Zaghi
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Pesce
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Emanuela Marcenaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Italy.
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21
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Sivori S, Vacca P, Del Zotto G, Munari E, Mingari MC, Moretta L. Human NK cells: surface receptors, inhibitory checkpoints, and translational applications. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 16:430-441. [PMID: 30778167 PMCID: PMC6474200 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells play important roles in innate defenses against viruses and in the control of tumor growth and metastasis. The regulation/induction of NK cell function is mediated by an array of activating or inhibitory surface receptors. In humans, major activating receptors involved in target cell killing are the natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs) and NKG2D. Activating receptors recognize ligands that are overexpressed or expressed de novo upon cell stress, viral infection, or tumor transformation. The HLA-class I-specific inhibitory receptors, including KIRs recognizing HLA-class I allotypic determinants and CD94/NKG2A recognizing the class-Ib HLA-E, constitute a fail-safe mechanism to avoid unwanted NK-mediated damage to healthy cells. Other receptors such as PD-1, primarily expressed by activated T lymphocytes, are important inhibitory checkpoints of immune responses that ensure T-cell tolerance. PD-1 also may be expressed by NK cells in cancer patients. Since PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) may be expressed by different tumors, PD-1/PD-L1 interactions inactivate both T and NK cells. Thus, the reliable evaluation of PD-L1 expression in tumors has become a major issue to select patients who may benefit from therapy with mAbs disrupting PD-1/PD-L1 interactions. Recently, NKG2A was revealed to be an important checkpoint controlling both NK and T-cell activation. Since most tumors express HLA-E, mAbs targeting NKG2A has been used alone or in combination with other therapeutic mAbs targeting PD-1 or tumor antigens (e.g., EGFR), with encouraging results. The translational value of NK cells and their receptors is evidenced by the extraordinary therapeutic success of haploidentical HSCT to cure otherwise fatal high-risk leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Sivori
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES) and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Vacca
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Genny Del Zotto
- Department of Research and Diagnostics, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Enrico Munari
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Pathology, Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Negrar, VR, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mingari
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES) and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- UOC Immunologia, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.
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22
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Sharapova TN, Romanova EA, Sashchenko LP, Gnuchev NV, Yashin DV. Innate Immune Protein Tag7 Stimulates the Appearance of Cytotoxic NK Cells after Incubation with Lymphocytes. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2019; 484:92-94. [PMID: 31012024 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672919010253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tag7 (PGRP-S) is an innate immune protein that is involved in the antibacterial and antitumor defense and stimulates the maturation of cytotoxic lymphocyte subpopulations. It was found that the incubation of lymphocytes with Tag7 for 3 days promotes the appearance of cytotoxic NK cells that are active against a number of tumor cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Sharapova
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334, Moscow, Russia.
| | - E A Romanova
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - L P Sashchenko
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Gnuchev
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - D V Yashin
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334, Moscow, Russia
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23
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Galitska G, Biolatti M, Griffante G, Gugliesi F, Pasquero S, Dell'Oste V, Landolfo S. Catch me if you can: the arms race between human cytomegalovirus and the innate immune system. Future Virol 2019. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2018-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a common opportunistic pathogen of significant clinical importance, targets immunocompromised individuals of the human population worldwide. The absence of a licensed vaccine and the low efficacy of currently available drugs remain a barrier to combating the global infection. The HCMV's ability to modulate and escape innate immune responses remains a critical step in the ongoing search for potential drug targets. Here, we describe the complex interplay between HCMV and the host immune system, focusing on different evasion strategies that the virus has employed to subvert innate immune responses. We especially highlight the mechanisms and role of host antiviral restriction factors and provide insights into viral modulation of pro-inflammatory NF-κB and interferon signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganna Galitska
- Department of Public Health & Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Biolatti
- Department of Public Health & Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gloria Griffante
- Department of Public Health & Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Gugliesi
- Department of Public Health & Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Selina Pasquero
- Department of Public Health & Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Dell'Oste
- Department of Public Health & Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Santo Landolfo
- Department of Public Health & Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Natural Killer Cells and Current Applications of Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Modified NK-92 Cells in Tumor Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020317. [PMID: 30646574 PMCID: PMC6358726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells that can be activated rapidly to target abnormal and virus-infected cells without prior sensitization. With significant advancements in cell biology technologies, many NK cell lines have been established. Among these cell lines, NK-92 cells are not only the most widely used but have also been approved for clinical applications. Additionally, chimeric antigen receptor-modified NK-92 cells (CAR-NK-92 cells) have shown strong antitumor effects. In this review, we summarize established human NK cell lines and their biological characteristics, and highlight the applications of NK-92 cells and CAR-NK-92 cells in tumor immunotherapy.
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Laminarin enhances the activity of natural killer cells in immunosuppressed mice. Cent Eur J Immunol 2019; 44:357-363. [PMID: 32140046 PMCID: PMC7050051 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2019.92784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of laminarin on natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity of immunosuppressive mice and its mechanism. Cyclophosphamide (cy) was used to make an immunosuppressive model of mice. The mice of two groups were given interventions by gavage with laminarin 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg every day for 10 days. MACS was adopted to isolate spleen NK cells, and cytotoxicity of NK cells and IL-12, IFN-γ level in serum were detected in vivo. Cytotoxicity of NK92-MI cells, activating receptors (NKp30, NKp44, NKp46 and NKG2D) and perforin and granzyme B expression were detected in vitro. Compared to the normal control group, the cytotoxicity of NK cells, IL-12 and IFN-γ level in serum in the cy model group were all reduced significantly (p < 0.01). Compared to the cy model group, laminarin increased the cytotoxicity of NK cells, IL-12 and IFN-γ levels in serum significantly (p < 0.05). In vitro, laminarin increased the cytotoxicity, NKp30 and NKG2D, perforin and granzyme B expressions of NK92-MI cells (p < 0.01). This research showed that laminarin can promote NK cell cytotoxicity in immunosuppressive mice by increasing the levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ in serum and expressions of NKp30 and NKG2D, perforin and granzyme B.
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Deng G, Sun Z, Li S, Peng X, Li W, Zhou L, Ma Y, Gong P, Cai L. Cell-Membrane Immunotherapy Based on Natural Killer Cell Membrane Coated Nanoparticles for the Effective Inhibition of Primary and Abscopal Tumor Growth. ACS NANO 2018; 12:12096-12108. [PMID: 30444351 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b05292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Developing effective immunotherapies with low toxicity and high tumor specificity is the ultimate goal in the battle against cancer. Here, we reported a cell-membrane immunotherapy strategy that was able to eliminate primary tumors and inhibited distant tumors by using natural killer (NK) cell membrane cloaked photosensitizer 4,4',4'',4'''-(porphine-5,10,15,20-tetrayl) tetrakis (benzoic acid) (TCPP)-loaded nanoparticles (NK-NPs). The proteomic profiling of NK cell membranes was performed through shotgun proteomics, and we found that NK cell membranes enabled the NK-NPs to target tumors and could induce or enhance pro-inflammatory M1-macrophages polarization to produce antitumor immunity. The TCPP loaded in NK-NPs could induce cancer cell death through photodynamic therapy and consequently enhanced the antitumor immunity efficiency of the NK cell membranes. The results confirmed that NK-NPs selectively accumulated in the tumor and were able to eliminate primary tumor growth and produce an abscopal effect to inhibit distant tumors. This cell-membrane immunotherapeutic approach offers a strategy for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjun Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Sanpeng Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xinghua Peng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Lihua Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Yifan Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Ping Gong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Lintao Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , China
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27
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Berhani O, Glasner A, Kahlon S, Duev-Cohen A, Yamin R, Horwitz E, Enk J, Moshel O, Varvak A, Porgador A, Jonjic S, Mandelboim O. Human anti-NKp46 antibody for studies of NKp46-dependent NK cell function and its applications for type 1 diabetes and cancer research. Eur J Immunol 2018; 49:228-241. [PMID: 30536875 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that efficiently eliminate cancerous and infected cells. NKp46 is an important NK activating receptor shown to participate in recognition and activation of NK cells against pathogens, tumor cells, virally infected cells, and self-cells in autoimmune conditions, including type I and II diabetes. However, some of the NKp46 ligands are unknown and therefore investigating human NKp46 activity and its critical role in NK cell biology is problematic. We developed a unique anti-human NKp46 monocloncal antibody, denoted hNKp46.02 (02). The 02 mAb can induce receptor internalization and degradation. By binding to a unique epitope on a particular domain of NKp46, 02 lead NKp46 to lysosomal degradation. This downregulation therefore enables the investigation of all NKp46 activities. Indeed, using the 02 mAb we determined NK cell targets which are critically dependent on NKp46 activity, including certain tumor cells lines and human pancreatic beta cells. Most importantly, we showed that a toxin-conjugated 02 inhibits the growth of NKp46-positive cells; thus, exemplifying the potential of 02 in becoming an immunotherapeutic drug to treat NKp46-dependent diseases, such as, type I diabetes and NK and T cell related malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Berhani
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ariella Glasner
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shira Kahlon
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexandra Duev-Cohen
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rachel Yamin
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elad Horwitz
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jonatan Enk
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofra Moshel
- Core Research Facility, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexandar Varvak
- Chromatography Unit, Scientific Equipment Center, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Angel Porgador
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Stipan Jonjic
- Department of Histology and Embryology and Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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28
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Rådestad AF, Estekizadeh A, Cui HL, Kostopoulou ON, Davoudi B, Hirschberg AL, Carlson J, Rahbar A, Söderberg-Naucler C. Impact of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection and its Immune Response on Survival of Patients with Ovarian Cancer. Transl Oncol 2018; 11:1292-1300. [PMID: 30172882 PMCID: PMC6121833 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been detected in various types of tumors. We studied the prevalence of HCMV in ovarian cancer and its relation to clinical outcome. Paraffin-embedded tissues obtained prospectively from 45 patients with ovarian cancer and 30 patients with benign ovarian cystadenoma were analyzed for expression of HCMV immediate-early protein (IE) and HCMV tegument protein (pp65) by immunohistochemistry. Plasma was analyzed for HCMV serology. HCMV-IgG levels were higher in patients with ovarian cancer or benign cystadenoma than in age-matched controls (P = .002, P < .0001, respectively). HCMV IgM was detected in 12% of ovarian cancer patients and 3% of patients with benign tumors but was absent in controls. In patients with ovarian cancer, higher IgG levels were associated with better outcomes (P = .04). Extensive HCMV-IE protein expression was detected in 75% of ovarian cancers and 26% of benign tumors; pp65 was detected in 67% of ovarian cancers and 14% of benign tumors. A higher grade of HCMV infection was associated with higher stage of disease. Extensive HCMV-pp65 expression was associated with shorter median overall survival than focal expression (39 versus 42.5 months, P = .03). At study closure, 58% of ovarian cancer patients with focal pp65 expression were alive versus 27% of patients with extensive pp65 expression (P = .03). Thus, HCMV proteins are detected at different levels in ovarian tumors and benign cystadenomas. Ovarian cancer patients with focal HCMV-pp65 expression in their tumors and high IgG levels against HCMV lived longer, highlighting a need for in-depth studies of the oncomodulatory role of HCMV in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique Flöter Rådestad
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Atosa Estekizadeh
- Department of Medicine Solna, Microbial Pathogens Unit and Department of Neurology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Huanhuan L Cui
- Department of Medicine Solna, Microbial Pathogens Unit and Department of Neurology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ourania N Kostopoulou
- Department of Medicine Solna, Microbial Pathogens Unit and Department of Neurology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Belghis Davoudi
- Department of Medicine Solna, Microbial Pathogens Unit and Department of Neurology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angelica Lindén Hirschberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joseph Carlson
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Afsar Rahbar
- Department of Medicine Solna, Microbial Pathogens Unit and Department of Neurology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Cecilia Söderberg-Naucler
- Department of Medicine Solna, Microbial Pathogens Unit and Department of Neurology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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29
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Zhao X, Jiang Y, Wang L, Li Z, Li Q, Feng X. Advances in Understanding the Immune Imbalance between T-Lymphocyte Subsets and NK Cells in Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2018; 78:677-683. [PMID: 30258242 PMCID: PMC6150770 DOI: 10.1055/a-0634-1813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent spontaneous abortion is a global problem, and unexplained recurrent abortion triggered by immunological factors is an important focus of current research. Helper T lymphocytes (Th cells) and regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg cells) are central in human immune regulation and play a complex role in pregnancy. Natural killer cells (NK cells) exist in the endometrium and cooperate with T lymphocytes to create immune tolerance at the maternal-fetal interface, which is essential for successful pregnancy. This review has analyzed studies on Th17 cell, Treg cell and NK cell dysfunction and cellular imbalances which may contribute to unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion to suggest a possible direction for future immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Zhao
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuepeng Jiang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhihao Li
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoling Feng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
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30
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Gaggero S, Bruschi M, Petretto A, Parodi M, Del Zotto G, Lavarello C, Prato C, Santucci L, Barbuto A, Bottino C, Candiano G, Moretta A, Vitale M, Moretta L, Cantoni C. Nidogen-1 is a novel extracellular ligand for the NKp44 activating receptor. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1470730. [PMID: 30228939 PMCID: PMC6140582 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1470730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The release of soluble ligands of activating Natural Killer (NK) cell receptors may represent a regulatory mechanism of NK cell function both in physiologic and in pathologic conditions. Here, we identified the extracellular matrix protein Nidogen-1 (NID1) as a ligand of NKp44, an important activating receptor expressed by activated NK cells. When released as soluble molecule, NID1 regulates NK cell function by modulating NKp44-induced IFN-γ production or cytotoxicity. In particular, it also modulates IFN-γ production induced by Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF)-DD following NKp44 engagement. We also show that NID1 may be present at the cell surface. In this form or when bound to a solid support (bNID1), NID1 fails to induce NK cell cytotoxicity or cytokine release. However, analysis by mass spectrometry revealed that exposure to bNID1 can induce in human NK cells relevant changes in the proteomic profiles suggesting an effect on different biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gaggero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruschi
- Dipartimento dei Laboratori di Ricerca, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Petretto
- Dipartimento dei Laboratori di Ricerca, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Monica Parodi
- UOC Immunologia, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Genny Del Zotto
- Dipartimento dei Laboratori di Ricerca, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Lavarello
- Dipartimento dei Laboratori di Ricerca, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Carola Prato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Santucci
- Dipartimento dei Laboratori di Ricerca, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Barbuto
- Dipartimento dei Laboratori di Ricerca, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cristina Bottino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Dipartimento dei Laboratori di Ricerca, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Candiano
- Dipartimento dei Laboratori di Ricerca, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Moretta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Massimo Vitale
- UOC Immunologia, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Immunology area, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Cantoni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Dipartimento dei Laboratori di Ricerca, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.,Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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31
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Lin C, Zhang J. Reformation in chimeric antigen receptor based cancer immunotherapy: Redirecting natural killer cell. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1869:200-215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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32
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Wang XQ, Zhou WJ, Hou XX, Fu Q, Li DJ. Trophoblast-derived CXCL16 induces M2 macrophage polarization that in turn inactivates NK cells at the maternal-fetal interface. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 15:1038-1046. [PMID: 29588487 PMCID: PMC6269500 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-018-0019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Decidual macrophages (dMΦ) are distinct from the conventional macrophages present in other tissues and express M2 macrophage markers, but the molecular mechanisms of formation and the roles of M2 MΦ during pregnancy have not been completely elucidated. The crosstalk between decidual natural killer cells (dNK) and dMΦ plays an important role in the maintenance of maternal-fetal immune tolerance. Here, CXCL16 derived from first-trimester trophoblast cells induces the polarization of human M2 macrophages. The M2 MΦ polarized by CXCL16 exhibit decreased interleukin-15 production, which facilitates the inactivation of NK cells. The cytotoxicity of NK cells is attenuated by the CXCL16-polarized M2 MΦ. The data shown in the present study provide evidence to support the hypothesis that CXCL16 secreted by trophoblast cells is a key molecule involved in decidual M2 MΦ polarization, which in turn regulates the killing ability of NK cells, thereby contributing to the homeostatic and immune-tolerant milieu required for successful fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiu Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhou
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Xin Hou
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Da-Jin Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China.
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33
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Scutti JAB. Importance of immune monitoring approaches and the use of immune checkpoints for the treatment of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: From bench to clinic and vice versa (Review). Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1041-1056. [PMID: 29484440 PMCID: PMC5843403 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
On the basis of immunological results, it is not in doubt that the immune system is able to recognize and eliminate transformed cells. A plethora of studies have investigated the immune system of patients with cancer and how it is prone to immunosuppression, due in part to the decrease in lymphocyte proliferation and cytotoxic activity. The series of experiments published following the demonstration by Dr Allison's group of the potential effect of anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) paved the way for a new perception in cancer immunotherapy: Immune checkpoints. Several T cell-co-stimulatory molecules including cluster of differentiation (CD)28, inducible T cell co-stimulatory, 4-1BB, OX40, glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-related gene and CD27, and inhibitory molecules including T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing-3, programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cells activation, T cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain, and B and T lymphocyte attenuator have been described in regulating T cell functions, and have been demonstrated to be essential targets in immunotherapy. In preclinical studies, glioblastoma multiforme, a high-grade glioma, the monotherapy targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 resulted in increased survival times. An improved understanding of the pharmacodynamics and immune monitoring on glioma cancers, particularly in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), an orphan type of cancer, is expected to have a major contribution to the development of novel therapeutic approaches. On the basis of the recent preclinical and clinical studies of glioma, but not of DIPG, the present review makes a claim for the importance of investigating the tumor microenvironment, the immune response and the use of immune checkpoints (agonists or antagonists) in preclinical/clinical DIPG samples by immune monitoring approaches and high-dimensional analysis. Evaluating the potential predictive and correlative biomarkers in preclinical and clinical studies may assist in answering certain crucial questions that may be useful to improve the clinical response in patients with DIPG.
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34
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Ophir Y, Duev-Cohen A, Yamin R, Tsukerman P, Bauman Y, Gamliel M, Mandelboim O. PILRα binds an unknown receptor expressed primarily on CD56bright and decidual-NK cells and activates NK cell functions. Oncotarget 2018; 7:40953-40964. [PMID: 27029068 PMCID: PMC5173034 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate immune lymphocytes specializing in recognition and killing of tumors and pathogens, using an array of activating and inhibitory receptors. NK inhibition is mediated by a large repertoire of inhibitory receptors, whereas a limited number of activating NK cell receptors execute NK cell activation. The ligands recognized by the activating receptors are stress-induced, pathogen derived, tumor specific and even self ligands. However, the full spectrum of NK cell receptors and ligands that control NK cell activity remains uncharacterized. Here we demonstrate that Paired Ig-Like type 2 Receptor Alpha (PILRα), binds a distinct human NK cell sub-population present in the peripheral blood and also in the decidua. We further demonstrate that the interaction of NK cells with PILRα expressing targets lead to elevated IFNγ secretion and cytotoxicity. In conclusion, we present here a novel NK activating ligand which binds and activates an unknown NK receptor expressed on a unique NK cell subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Ophir
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel-Canada of The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexandra Duev-Cohen
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel-Canada of The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rachel Yamin
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel-Canada of The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Pini Tsukerman
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel-Canada of The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yoav Bauman
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel-Canada of The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Moriya Gamliel
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel-Canada of The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel-Canada of The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Structural Analysis and Epitope Prediction of MHC Class-1-Chain Related Protein-A for Cancer Vaccine Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2017; 6:vaccines6010001. [PMID: 29295563 PMCID: PMC5874642 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines6010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex class 1 chain-related gene sequence A is a polymorphic gene found at about 46.6 kb centromeric to HLA-B. It encodes a transmembrane protein, which is a non-classical human leukocyte antigen whose expression is normally induced by stress conditions like cancer and viral infections. The expression of MIC-A leads to the activation of NKG2D receptors of natural killer and T cells, leading to the generation of innate immune response that can easily eliminate/cleanse tumour cells and other cells that express the protein. Several bioinformatics and immunoinformatics tools were used to analyse the sequence and structure of the MIC-A protein. These tools were used in building and evaluating modelled structure of MIC-A, and to predict several antigenic determinant sites on the protein. The MIC-A protein structure generated an average antigenic propensity of 1.0289. Additionally, the hydrophilic regions on the surface of the MIC-A protein where antibodies can be attached were revealed. A total of fourteen antigenic epitopes were predicted, with six found in the transmembrane protein topology, and are predicted to play a role in the development of vaccines that can reactivate the functionalities of the MIC-A protein on the surface of cancer cells in order to elicit a desired immune response.
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Bauman Y, Drayman N, Ben-Nun-Shaul O, Vitenstein A, Yamin R, Ophir Y, Oppenheim A, Mandelboim O. Downregulation of the stress-induced ligand ULBP1 following SV40 infection confers viral evasion from NK cell cytotoxicity. Oncotarget 2017; 7:15369-81. [PMID: 26992229 PMCID: PMC4941247 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyomaviruses are a diverse family of viruses which are prevalent in the human population. However, the interactions of these viruses with the immune system are not well characterized. We have previously shown that two human polyomaviruses, JC and BK, use an identical microRNA to evade immune attack by Natural Killer (NK) cells. We showed that this viral microRNA suppresses ULBP3 expression, a stress induced ligand for the killer receptor NKG2D. Here we show that Simian Virus 40 (SV40) also evades NK cell attack through the down regulation of another stress-induced ligand of NKG2D, ULBP1. These findings indicate that NK cells play an essential role in fighting polyomavirus infections and further emphasize the importance of various members of the ULBP family in controlling polyomavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Bauman
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel-Canada of The Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nir Drayman
- Department of Hematology Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orly Ben-Nun-Shaul
- Department of Hematology Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alon Vitenstein
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel-Canada of The Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rachel Yamin
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel-Canada of The Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Ophir
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel-Canada of The Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ariella Oppenheim
- Department of Hematology Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel-Canada of The Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Duev-Cohen A, Bar-On Y, Glasner A, Berhani O, Ophir Y, Levi-Schaffer F, Mandelboim M, Mandelboim O. The human 2B4 and NTB-A receptors bind the influenza viral hemagglutinin and co-stimulate NK cell cytotoxicity. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13093-105. [PMID: 26919106 PMCID: PMC4914344 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are critical in the defense against viruses in general and against influenza in particular. We previously demonstrated that the activating NK cell receptor NKp46 is involved in the killing of influenza-virus infected cells through its interaction with viral hemagglutinin (HA). Furthermore, the recognition by NKp46 and consequent elimination of influenza infected cells were determined to be sialic-acid dependent. Here, we show that the human co-activating receptors 2B4 and NTB-A directly recognize the viral HA protein and co-stimulate killing by NK cells. We demonstrate that the 2B4/NTB-A-HA interactions require the sialylation of these receptors, and we identified the binding sites mediating these interactions. We also show that the virus counters these interactions through its neuraminidase (NA) protein. These results emphasize the critical role played by NK cells in eliminating influenza, a significant cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Duev-Cohen
- The Lautenberg Center of General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, IMRIC, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yotam Bar-On
- The Lautenberg Center of General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, IMRIC, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ariella Glasner
- The Lautenberg Center of General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, IMRIC, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orit Berhani
- The Lautenberg Center of General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, IMRIC, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Ophir
- The Lautenberg Center of General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, IMRIC, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Francesca Levi-Schaffer
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Public Health Services, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- The Lautenberg Center of General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, IMRIC, Jerusalem, Israel
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38
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NKp46 Recognizes the Sigma1 Protein of Reovirus: Implications for Reovirus-Based Cancer Therapy. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.01045-17. [PMID: 28724773 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01045-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent approval of oncolytic virus for therapy of melanoma patients has increased the need for precise evaluation of the mechanisms by which oncolytic viruses affect tumor growth. Here we show that the human NK cell-activating receptor NKp46 and the orthologous mouse protein NCR1 recognize the reovirus sigma1 protein in a sialic-acid-dependent manner. We identify sites of NKp46/NCR1 binding to sigma1 and show that sigma1 binding by NKp46/NCR1 leads to NK cell activation in vitro Finally, we demonstrate that NCR1 activation is essential for reovirus-based therapy in vivo Collectively, we have identified sigma1 as a novel ligand for NKp46/NCR1 and demonstrated that NKp46/NCR1 is needed both for clearance of reovirus infection and for reovirus-based tumor therapy.IMPORTANCE Reovirus infects much of the population during childhood, causing mild disease, and hence is considered to be efficiently controlled by the immune system. Reovirus also specifically infects tumor cells, leading to tumor death, and is currently being tested in human clinical trials for cancer therapy. The mechanisms by which our immune system controls reovirus infection and tumor killing are not well understood. We report here that natural killer (NK) cells recognize a viral protein named sigma1 through the NK cell-activating receptor NKp46. Using several mouse tumor models, we demonstrate the importance of NK cells in protection from reovirus infection and in reovirus killing of tumors in vivo Collectively, we identify a new ligand for the NKp46 receptor and provide evidence for the importance of NKp46 in the control of reovirus infections and in reovirus-based cancer therapy.
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39
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Stabile H, Nisti P, Peruzzi G, Fionda C, Pagliara D, Brescia PL, Merli P, Locatelli F, Santoni A, Gismondi A. Reconstitution of multifunctional CD56 lowCD16 low natural killer cell subset in children with acute leukemia given α/β T cell-depleted HLA-haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1342024. [PMID: 28932646 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1342024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently described the CD56lowCD16low subset of Natural Killer (NK) cells that both mediate cytotoxic activity and produce IFNγ, being more abundant in bone marrow (BM) than in peripheral blood (PB) of pediatric normal subjects. Given the multifunctional properties of this subset, we examined its development and functional recovery in a cohort of children undergoing α/β T-cell depleted HLA-haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The results obtained indicate that CD56lowCD16low NK cells are present in both PB and BM already at one month post-HSCT, with an increased frequency in BM of graft recipients as compared with normal subjects. During the first 6 months after HSCT, no difference in CD56lowCD16low NK cells distribution between PB and BM was observed. In comparison to normal subjects, CD56lowCD16low NK cells from transplanted patients show lower expression levels of CD25 and CD127 and higher levels of CD122, and accordingly, produce higher amounts of IFNγ after stimulation with IL-12 plus IL-15. The recovery of NK-cell cytotoxicity after HSCT was strictly restricted to CD56lowCD16low NK cells, and their ability to degranulate against K562 target cells or autologous leukemic blasts was completely restored only one year after HSCT. Based on the phenotypic and functional ability of reconstituted CD56lowCD16low NK cells, we suggest that they play an important role in host defense against leukemia relapse and infections after HSCT, and represent an ideal candidate for approaches of adoptive immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Daria Pagliara
- Dept. Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome
| | - Pomonia Letizia Brescia
- Dept. Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome
| | - Pietro Merli
- Dept. Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Dept. Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome.,University of Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Angela Gismondi
- Dept. Molecular Medicine.,Eleonora Lorillard Spencer Cenci Foundation
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40
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Berraondo P, Minute L, Ajona D, Corrales L, Melero I, Pio R. Innate immune mediators in cancer: between defense and resistance. Immunol Rev 2017; 274:290-306. [PMID: 27782320 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation in the tumor microenvironment and evasion of the antitumor effector immune response are two of the emerging hallmarks required for oncogenesis and cancer progression. The innate immune system not only plays a critical role in perpetuating these tumor-promoting hallmarks but also in developing antitumor adaptive immune responses. Thus, understanding the dual role of the innate system in cancer immunology is required for the design of combined immunotherapy strategies able to tackle established tumors. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of the role of cell populations and soluble components of the innate immune system in cancer, with a focus on complement, the adapter molecule Stimulator of Interferon Genes, natural killer cells, myeloid cells, and B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Berraondo
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luna Minute
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Ajona
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Program of Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, CIMA, Pamplona, Spain.,Deparment of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Ignacio Melero
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ruben Pio
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain. .,Program of Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, CIMA, Pamplona, Spain. .,Deparment of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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41
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da Silva RF, Yoshida A, Cardozo DM, Jales RM, Paust S, Derchain S, Guimarães F. Natural Killer Cells Response to IL-2 Stimulation Is Distinct between Ascites with the Presence or Absence of Malignant Cells in Ovarian Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050856. [PMID: 28513532 PMCID: PMC5454809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal ascites are a distinguishable feature of patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The presence of different lymphocyte subsets has been reported in EOC-associated ascites, which also can or not contain malignant cells. The goal of this study was to analyze the functional characteristics of natural killer (NK) cells from EOC-associated ascites in terms of their expression of activating receptors and ascites’ contents of lymphocyte subtypes, cytokine profile and presence of EOC cells. NK cell function was evaluated by the expression of the degranulation marker CD107a in resting and interleukin (IL)-2 stimulated NK cells from ascites and blood. Degranulation of NK cells from EOC cell-free ascites was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than all the other groups, either in their resting state or after IL-2 stimulation, suggesting a previous local stimulation. In contrast, treatment with IL-2 had no effect on NK cells from ascites with EOC cells. The amount of regulatory T cells was significantly higher in ascites with EOC cells compared to EOC cell-free ascites. Ascites with EOC cells also had higher levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, suggesting inflammation related to the malignancy. In conclusion, the functional performance of NK cells was distinct between EOC cell-free ascites and ascites with EOC cells. The impairment of NK cell response to IL-2 in ascites with EOC cells was consistent with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana Yoshida
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, 13083-887 Campinas, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Silke Paust
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Sophie Derchain
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, 13083-887 Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Guimarães
- Women´s Hospital "Professor Doutor José Aristodemo Pinotti"-Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher (CAISM), University of Campinas, 13083-881 Campinas, Brazil.
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42
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Pesce S, Thoren FB, Cantoni C, Prato C, Moretta L, Moretta A, Marcenaro E. The Innate Immune Cross Talk between NK Cells and Eosinophils Is Regulated by the Interaction of Natural Cytotoxicity Receptors with Eosinophil Surface Ligands. Front Immunol 2017; 8:510. [PMID: 28503177 PMCID: PMC5408020 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggested that the cross talk between NK cells and other cell types is crucial for the regulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. In the present study, we analyzed the phenotypic and functional outcome of the interaction between resting or cytokine-activated NK cells and eosinophils derived from non-atopic donors. Our results provide the first evidence that a natural cytotoxicity receptor (NCR)/NCR ligand-dependent cross talk between NK cells and eosinophils may be important to upregulate the activation state and the effector function of cytokine-primed NK cells. This interaction also promotes the NK-mediated editing process of dendritic cells that influence the process of Th1 polarization. In turn, this cross talk also resulted in eosinophil activation and acquisition of the characteristic features of antigen-presenting cells. At higher NK/eosinophil ratios, cytokine-primed NK cells were found to kill eosinophils via NKp46 and NKp30, thus suggesting a potential immunoregulatory role for NK cells in dampening inflammatory responses involving eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pesce
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Fredrik B Thoren
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Claudia Cantoni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy.,Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy.,Centro di Eccellenza per le Ricerche Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Carola Prato
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Moretta
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy.,Centro di Eccellenza per le Ricerche Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy.,Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Marcenaro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy.,Centro di Eccellenza per le Ricerche Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
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43
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Berhani O, Nachmani D, Yamin R, Schmiedel D, Bar-On Y, Mandelboim O. Vigilin Regulates the Expression of the Stress-Induced Ligand MICB by Interacting with Its 5' Untranslated Region. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:3662-3670. [PMID: 28356383 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
NK cells are part of the innate immune system, and are able to identify and kill hazardous cells. The discrimination between normal and hazardous cells is possible due to an array of inhibitory and activating receptors. NKG2D is one of the prominent activating receptors expressed by all human NK cells. This receptor binds stress-induced ligands, including human MICA, MICB, and UL16-binding proteins 1-6. The interaction between NKG2D and its ligands facilitates the elimination of cells under cellular stress, such as tumor transformation. However, the mechanisms regulating the expression of these ligands are still not well understood. Under normal conditions, the NKG2D ligands were shown to be posttranscriptionally regulated by cellular microRNAs and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Thus far, only the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of MICA, MICB, and UL16-binding protein 2 were shown to be regulated by RBPs and microRNAs, usually resulting in their downregulation. In this study we investigated whether MICB expression is controlled by RBPs through its 5'UTR. We used an RNA pull-down assay followed by mass spectrometry and identified vigilin, a ubiquitously expressed multifunctional RNA-binding protein. We demonstrated that vigilin binds and negatively regulates MICB expression through its 5'UTR. Additionally, vigilin downregulation in target cells led to a significant increase in NK cell activation against said target cells. Taken together, we have discovered a novel mode of MICB regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Berhani
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Daphna Nachmani
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Rachel Yamin
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Dominik Schmiedel
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Yotam Bar-On
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
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44
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Tsoneva D, Minev B, Frentzen A, Zhang Q, Wege AK, Szalay AA. Humanized Mice with Subcutaneous Human Solid Tumors for Immune Response Analysis of Vaccinia Virus-Mediated Oncolysis. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2017; 5:41-61. [PMID: 28480327 PMCID: PMC5415323 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic vaccinia virus (VACV) therapy is an alternative cancer treatment modality that mediates targeted tumor destruction through a tumor-selective replication and an induction of anti-tumor immunity. We developed a humanized tumor mouse model with subcutaneous human tumors to analyze the interactions of VACV with the developing tumors and human immune system. A successful systemic reconstitution with human immune cells including functional T cells as well as development of tumors infiltrated with human T and natural killer (NK) cells was observed. We also demonstrated successful in vivo colonization of such tumors with systemically administered VACVs. Further, a new recombinant GLV-1h376 VACV encoding for a secreted human CTLA4-blocking single-chain antibody (CTLA4 scAb) was tested. Surprisingly, although proving CTLA4 scAb's in vitro binding ability and functionality in cell culture, beside the significant increase of CD56bright NK cell subset, GLV-1h376 was not able to increase cytotoxic T or overall NK cell levels at the tumor site. Importantly, the virus-encoded β-glucuronidase as a measure of viral titer and CTLA4 scAb amount was demonstrated. Therefore, studies in our "patient-like" humanized tumor mouse model allow the exploration of newly designed therapy strategies considering the complex relationships between the developing tumor, the oncolytic virus, and the human immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desislava Tsoneva
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Boris Minev
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, Rebecca & John Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.,Genelux Corporation, San Diego Science Center, San Diego, CA 92109, USA
| | - Alexa Frentzen
- Genelux Corporation, San Diego Science Center, San Diego, CA 92109, USA
| | - Qian Zhang
- Genelux Corporation, San Diego Science Center, San Diego, CA 92109, USA
| | - Anja K Wege
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Aladar A Szalay
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.,Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, Rebecca & John Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.,Genelux Corporation, San Diego Science Center, San Diego, CA 92109, USA.,Rudolph Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
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45
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Broadbent S, Coutts R. Intermittent and graded exercise effects on NK cell degranulation markers LAMP-1/LAMP-2 and CD8 +CD38 + in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:e13091. [PMID: 28275109 PMCID: PMC5350160 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
There is substantial evidence of immune system dysfunction in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) but little is understood of exercise training effects on lymphocyte function in this illness. This study investigated whether graded and intermittent exercise improved CD8+ lymphocyte activation and natural killer cell degranulation markers compared to no exercise. Twenty-four chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patients (50.2 ± 10 year) were randomized to graded exercise (GE), intermittent exercise (IE) or usual care (UC) groups; a control group (CTL) of 18 matched sedentary non-CFS/ME participants were included for immunological variable comparisons. Main outcome measures were pre- and postintervention expression of CD3+CD8+CD38+ and CD3-CD16+56+CD107a+ (LAMP-1) CD107b+ (LAMP-2) and aerobic exercise capacity. The postintervention percentage of NK cells expressing LAMP-1 and -2 was significantly higher in IE compared to UC, and higher in GE compared to UC and CTL LAMP-1 and LAMP-2 expression (absolute numbers and percent positive) increased significantly pre-to-postintervention for both GE and IE Preintervention, the absolute number of CD8+CD38+ cells was significantly lower in CTL compared to UC and IE There were no significant pre- to postintervention changes in CD8+CD38+ expression for any group. Aerobic exercise capacity was significantly improved by GE and IE Twelve weeks of GE and IE increased the expression of NK cell activation and degranulation markers, suggesting enhanced immunosurveillance. Low-intensity exercise may also reduce CD8+CD38+ expression, a marker of inflammation. Both GE and IE improved exercise capacity without worsening CFS/ME symptoms, and more robust trials of these exercise modalities are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Broadbent
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia
| | - Rosanne Coutts
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia
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46
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Natural killer cells in inflammatory heart disease. Clin Immunol 2016; 175:26-33. [PMID: 27894980 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite of a multitude of excellent studies, the regulatory role of natural killer (NK) cells in the pathogenesis of inflammatory cardiac disease is greatly underappreciated. Clinical abnormalities in the numbers and functions of NK cells are observed in myocarditis and inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMi) as well as in cardiac transplant rejection [1-6]. Because treatment of these disorders remains largely symptomatic in nature, patients have little options for targeted therapies [7,8]. However, blockade of NK cells and their receptors can protect against inflammation and damage in animal models of cardiac injury and inflammation. In these models, NK cells suppress the maturation and trafficking of inflammatory cells, alter the local cytokine and chemokine environments, and induce apoptosis in nearby resident and hematopoietic cells [1,9,10]. This review will dissect each protective mechanism employed by NK cells and explore how their properties might be exploited for their therapeutic potential.
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47
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Frenkel D, Zhang F, Guirnalda P, Haynes C, Bockstal V, Radwanska M, Magez S, Black SJ. Trypanosoma brucei Co-opts NK Cells to Kill Splenic B2 B Cells. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005733. [PMID: 27403737 PMCID: PMC4942092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
After infection with T. brucei AnTat 1.1, C57BL/6 mice lost splenic B2 B cells and lymphoid follicles, developed poor parasite-specific antibody responses, lost weight, became anemic and died with fulminating parasitemia within 35 days. In contrast, infected C57BL/6 mice lacking the cytotoxic granule pore-forming protein perforin (Prf1-/-) retained splenic B2 B cells and lymphoid follicles, developed high-titer antibody responses against many trypanosome polypeptides, rapidly suppressed parasitemia and did not develop anemia or lose weight for at least 60 days. Several lines of evidence show that T. brucei infection-induced splenic B cell depletion results from natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity: i) B2 B cells were depleted from the spleens of infected intact, T cell deficient (TCR-/-) and FcγRIIIa deficient (CD16-/-) C57BL/6 mice excluding a requirement for T cells, NKT cell, or antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity; ii) administration of NK1.1 specific IgG2a (mAb PK136) but not irrelevant IgG2a (myeloma M9144) prevented infection-induced B cell depletion consistent with a requirement for NK cells; iii) splenic NK cells but not T cells or NKT cells degranulated in infected C57BL/6 mice co-incident with B cell depletion evidenced by increased surface expression of CD107a; iv) purified NK cells from naïve C57BL/6 mice killed purified splenic B cells from T. brucei infected but not uninfected mice in vitro indicating acquisition of an NK cell activating phenotype by the post-infection B cells; v) adoptively transferred C57BL/6 NK cells prevented infection-induced B cell population growth in infected Prf1-/- mice consistent with in vivo B cell killing; vi) degranulated NK cells in infected mice had altered gene and differentiation antigen expression and lost cytotoxic activity consistent with functional exhaustion, but increased in number as infection progressed indicating continued generation. We conclude that NK cells in T. brucei infected mice kill B cells, suppress humoral immunity and expedite early mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Frenkel
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Fengqiu Zhang
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Patrick Guirnalda
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Carole Haynes
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Viki Bockstal
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Stefan Magez
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Structural Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Samuel J. Black
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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48
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Zheng M, Qu D, Wang H, Sun Z, Liu X, Chen J, Li C, Li X, Chen Z. Intranasal Administration of Chitosan Against Influenza A (H7N9) Virus Infection in a Mouse Model. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28729. [PMID: 27353250 PMCID: PMC4926116 DOI: 10.1038/srep28729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus evolves constantly in an unpredictable fashion, making it necessary to vaccinate people annually for effective prevention and control of influenza. In general, however, during the first wave of an influenza outbreak caused by a newly emerging virus strain, influenza morbidity and mortality have been observed to rise sharply due to the lack of a matching vaccine. This necessitates the exploration of novel intervention approaches, particularly those prophylactic or therapeutic agents that have a broad range of antiviral activities and are also proven to be non-toxic. Here, we reported that stimulation of the innate immune system by intranasal administration of chitosan as a single agent was sufficient to completely protect BALB/c mice from lethal infection by H7N9 virus, a newly emerged viral strain that is highly pathogenic to humans. Remarkably, animals could still be protected against lethal challenge by H7N9 (10×LD50), even ten days after the intranasal chitosan administration. The significantly enhanced infiltration of leukocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage and elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the bronchia/lung tissues revealed the potent activation of mucosal immune responses by intranasally delivered chitosan. We also observed that chitosan can protect mice from three other virus strains. The marked breadth and magnitude of protection against diverse viral strains makes chitosan an attractive candidate as a universal anti-influenza agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products, Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Di Qu
- Biosafety Level-3 Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology MOE &MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haiming Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products, Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Zhiping Sun
- Biosafety Level-3 Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology MOE &MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xueying Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products, Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Changgui Li
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Beijing, China
| | - Xuguang Li
- Centre for Vaccine Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, HPFB, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ze Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products, Shanghai 200052, China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
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49
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Ma Y, Li X, Kuang E. Viral Evasion of Natural Killer Cell Activation. Viruses 2016; 8:95. [PMID: 27077876 PMCID: PMC4848590 DOI: 10.3390/v8040095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a key role in antiviral innate defenses because of their abilities to kill infected cells and secrete regulatory cytokines. Additionally, NK cells exhibit adaptive memory-like antigen-specific responses, which represent a novel antiviral NK cell defense mechanism. Viruses have evolved various strategies to evade the recognition and destruction by NK cells through the downregulation of the NK cell activating receptors. Here, we review the recent findings on viral evasion of NK cells via the impairment of NK cell-activating receptors and ligands, which provide new insights on the relationship between NK cells and viral actions during persistent viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ma
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Ersheng Kuang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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50
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Zhu F, Yuan J, Li HJ, Zeng ZF, Luo ZW, Li SQ, He CQ, Jia XF, Zhang X, Zuo H, Liu YM, Chang M, Li YQ, Zhou TH. Human cytomegalovirus UL49 encodes an early, virion-associated protein essential for virus growth in human foreskin fibroblasts. Arch Virol 2016; 161:1273-84. [PMID: 26898402 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent results of deletion experiments showing that open reading frame (ORF) UL49 of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is essential, the expression, function and functional location of its encoded protein remain unknown. We generated an antibody specific for pUL49 to investigate the protein product encoded by the UL49 ORF and identified its function in HCMV-infected host foreskin fibroblasts. A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) of HCMV strain Towne (pRV-Towne) and the UL49-deleted mutant pRV-delUL49Towne were used to observe virus growth by plaque assay. Using a UL49-protein-binding antibody, we located pUL49 in the fibroblast cytoplasm. pUL49 exhibited expression kinetics resembling those of the class β-2 proteins and was detected in the virion tegument. Following deletion of UL49 ORF, the virus failed to replicate, but it could be recovered by addition of pUL49 from pCDNA3.1 (+)-UL49. Our findings indicate that UL49 ORF is essential for HCMV replication in host foreskin fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Guangzhou Occupational Disease Preventive and Treatment Center, Guangzhou No. 12 Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510620, China.
| | - Jian Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Bioactive Drugs Research Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hong-Jian Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Zeng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Luo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shi-Qian Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Chi-Qiang He
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xue-Fang Jia
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hui Zuo
- Guangzhou Occupational Disease Preventive and Treatment Center, Guangzhou No. 12 Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510620, China
| | - Yi-Min Liu
- Guangzhou Occupational Disease Preventive and Treatment Center, Guangzhou No. 12 Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510620, China
| | - Martin Chang
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Yue-Qin Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Tian-Hong Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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