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Yu M, Yu H, Wang H, Xu X, Sun Z, Chen W, Yu M, Liu C, Jiang M, Zhang X. Tumor‑associated macrophages activated in the tumor environment of hepatocellular carcinoma: Characterization and treatment (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 65:100. [PMID: 39239752 PMCID: PMC11387121 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue is rich in dendritic cells, T cells, B cells, macrophages, natural killer cells and cellular stroma. Together they form the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is also rich in numerous cytokines. Tumor‑associated macrophages (TAMs) are involved in the regulation of tumor development. TAMs in HCC receive stimuli in different directions, polarize in different directions and release different cytokines to regulate the development of HCC. TAMs are mostly divided into two cell phenotypes: M1 and M2. M1 TAMs secrete pro‑inflammatory mediators, and M2 TAMs secrete a variety of anti‑inflammatory and pro‑tumorigenic substances. The TAM polarization in HCC tumors is M2. Both direct and indirect methods for TAMs to regulate the development of HCC are discussed. TAMs indirectly support HCC development by promoting peripheral angiogenesis and regulating the immune microenvironment of the TME. In terms of the direct regulation between TAMs and HCC cells, the present review mainly focuses on the molecular mechanism. TAMs are involved in both the proliferation and apoptosis of HCC cells to regulate the quantitative changes of HCC, and stimulate the related invasive migratory ability and cell stemness of HCC cells. The present review aims to identify immunotherapeutic options based on the mechanisms of TAMs in the TME of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkai Yu
- School of Clinical Medicine and Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Yu
- Pharmacy College, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoya Xu
- School of Clinical Medicine and Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoqing Sun
- School of Clinical Medicine and Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Wenshuai Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine and Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Miaomiao Yu
- School of Clinical Medicine and Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Mingchun Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
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2
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Guo T, Xu J. Cancer-associated fibroblasts: a versatile mediator in tumor progression, metastasis, and targeted therapy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:1095-1116. [PMID: 38602594 PMCID: PMC11300527 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10186-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) has been demonstrated to play a significant role in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the major component of TME and exhibit heterogeneous properties in their communication with tumor cells. This heterogeneity of CAFs can be attributed to various origins, including quiescent fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), adipocytes, pericytes, endothelial cells, and mesothelial cells. Moreover, single-cell RNA sequencing has identified diverse phenotypes of CAFs, with myofibroblastic CAFs (myCAFs) and inflammatory CAFs (iCAFs) being the most acknowledged, alongside newly discovered subtypes like antigen-presenting CAFs (apCAFs). Due to these heterogeneities, CAFs exert multiple functions in tumorigenesis, cancer stemness, angiogenesis, immunosuppression, metabolism, and metastasis. As a result, targeted therapies aimed at the TME, particularly focusing on CAFs, are rapidly developing, fueling the promising future of advanced tumor-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchen Guo
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junfen Xu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
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3
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She X, Xu J, Zhang H, Yu C, Rao Z, Zhang J, Zhan W, Hu F, Song D, Li H, Luo X, Wang G, Hu J, Lai S. ETHE1 dampens colorectal cancer angiogenesis by promoting TC45 Dephosphorylation of STAT3 to inhibit VEGF-A expression. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:631. [PMID: 39198402 PMCID: PMC11358511 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-07021-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is critical for colorectal cancer (CRC) progression, but its mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we reveal that ethylmalonic encephalopathy protein 1 (ETHE1), an essential enzyme in hydrogen sulfide catabolism, inhibits VEGF-A expression and tumor angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we find that this biological function of ETHE1 depends on the STAT3/VEGF-A pathway. Further investigation demonstrates that ETHE1 promotes the interaction between T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC45) and STAT3, resulting in decreased STAT3 phosphorylation and inhibition of the STAT3 signaling pathway. In clinical samples, we find that ETHE1 is downregulated in CRC and positively correlates with survival outcomes of CRC patients. Meanwhile, the negative correlation of ETHE1 and VEGF-A expression is verified in CRC specimens, and the patients with low ETHE1 and high VEGF-A expression exhibits poorer prognosis. Collectively, our study identifies ETHE1 as a novel regulator of tumor angiogenesis, implying its potential as a prognostic biomarker and promising antiangiogenic target for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei She
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jialu Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haokun Zhang
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengxin Yu
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zejun Rao
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiakun Zhang
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenli Zhan
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuqing Hu
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Da Song
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haijie Li
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuelai Luo
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guihua Wang
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Junbo Hu
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Senyan Lai
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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4
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Cazzato G, Sgarro N, Casatta N, Lupo C, Ingravallo G, Ribatti D. Epigenetics and Control of Tumor Angiogenesis in Melanoma: An Update with Therapeutic Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2843. [PMID: 39199614 PMCID: PMC11352434 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16162843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, is a crucial process in the progression and metastasis of melanoma. Recent research has highlighted the significant role of epigenetic modifications in regulating angiogenesis. This review comprehensively examines the current understanding of how epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, influence angiogenic pathways in melanoma. DNA methylation, a key epigenetic modification, can silence angiogenesis inhibitors such as thrombospondin-1 and TIMP3 while promoting pro-angiogenic factors like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Histone modifications, including methylation and acetylation, also play a pivotal role in regulating the expression of angiogenesis-related genes. For instance, the acetylation of histones H3 and H4 is associated with the upregulation of pro-angiogenic genes, whereas histone methylation patterns can either enhance or repress angiogenic signals, depending on the specific histone mark and context. Non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs) further modulate angiogenesis. miRNAs, such as miR-210, have been identified as key regulators, with miR-9 promoting angiogenesis by targeting E-cadherin and enhancing the expression of VEGF. This review also discusses the therapeutic potential of targeting epigenetic modifications to inhibit angiogenesis in melanoma. Epigenetic drugs, such as DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (e.g., 5-azacytidine) and histone deacetylase inhibitors (e.g., Vorinostat), have shown promise in preclinical models by reactivating angiogenesis inhibitors and downregulating pro-angiogenic factors. Moreover, the modulation of miRNAs and lncRNAs presents a novel approach for anti-angiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Cazzato
- Section of Molecular Pathology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (N.S.); (G.I.)
| | - Nicoletta Sgarro
- Section of Molecular Pathology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (N.S.); (G.I.)
| | - Nadia Casatta
- Innovation Department, Diapath S.p.A., Via Savoldini n.71, 24057 Martinengo, Italy; (N.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Carmelo Lupo
- Innovation Department, Diapath S.p.A., Via Savoldini n.71, 24057 Martinengo, Italy; (N.C.); (C.L.)
- Engineering and Applied Science Department, University of Bergamo, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ingravallo
- Section of Molecular Pathology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (N.S.); (G.I.)
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy;
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Hu X, Ye K, Bo S, Xiao Z, Ma M, Pan J, Zhong X, Zhang D, Mo X, Yu X, Chen M, Luo L, Shi C. Monitoring imatinib decreasing pericyte coverage and HIF-1α level in a colorectal cancer model by an ultrahigh-field multiparametric MRI approach. J Transl Med 2024; 22:712. [PMID: 39085929 PMCID: PMC11293104 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05497-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive pericyte coverage promotes tumor growth, and a downregulation may solve this dilemma. Due to the double-edged sword role of vascular pericytes in tumor microenvironment (TME), indiscriminately decreasing pericyte coverage by imatinib causes poor treatment outcomes. Here, we optimized the use of imatinib in a colorectal cancer (CRC) model in high pericyte-coverage status, and revealed the value of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) at 9.4T in monitoring treatment-related changes in pericyte coverage and the TME. METHODS CRC xenograft models were evaluated by histological vascular characterizations and mpMRI. Mice with the highest pericyte coverage were treated with imatinib or saline; then, vascular characterizations, tumor apoptosis and HIF-1α level were analyzed histologically, and alterations in the expression of Bcl-2/bax pathway were assessed through qPCR. The effects of imatinib were monitored by dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)- and amide proton transfer chemical exchange saturation transfer (APT CEST)-MRI at 9.4T. RESULTS The DCE- parameters provided a good histologic match the tumor vascular characterizations. In the high pericyte coverage status, imatinib exhibited significant tumor growth inhibition, necrosis increase and pericyte coverage downregulation, and these changes were accompanied by increased vessel permeability, decreased microvessel density (MVD), increased tumor apoptosis and altered gene expression of apoptosis-related Bcl-2/bax pathway. Strategically, a 4-day imatinib effectively decreased pericyte coverage and HIF-1α level, and continuous treatment led to a less marked decrease in pericyte coverage and re-elevated HIF-1α level. Correlation analysis confirmed the feasibility of using mpMRI parameters to monitor imatinib treatment, with DCE-derived Ve and Ktrans being most correlated with pericyte coverage, Ve with vessel permeability, AUC with microvessel density (MVD), DWI-derived ADC with tumor apoptosis, and APT CEST-derived MTRasym at 1 µT with HIF-1α. CONCLUSIONS These results provided an optimized imatinib regimen to achieve decreasing pericyte coverage and HIF-1α level in the high pericyte-coverage CRC model, and offered an ultrahigh-field multiparametric MRI approach for monitoring pericyte coverage and dynamics response of the TME to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Hu
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, West Huangpu Avenue No. 613, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Kunlin Ye
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, West Huangpu Avenue No. 613, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Shaowei Bo
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University, Xingang Middle Road No. 466, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Zeyu Xiao
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, West Huangpu Avenue No. 613, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, West Huangpu Avenue No. 613, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Mengjie Ma
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Panfu Road No. 1, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jinghua Pan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, West Huangpu Avenue No. 613, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xing Zhong
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, West Huangpu Avenue No. 613, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, West Huangpu Avenue No. 613, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xukai Mo
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, West Huangpu Avenue No. 613, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, West Huangpu Avenue No. 613, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Minfeng Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, West Huangpu Avenue No.601, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Liangping Luo
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, West Huangpu Avenue No. 613, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, West Huangpu Avenue No. 613, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Changzheng Shi
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, West Huangpu Avenue No. 613, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, West Huangpu Avenue No. 613, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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6
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Niu W, Wang B, Zhang Y, Wang C, Cao J, Li J, He Y, Lei P. Efficacy and safety evaluation of cross-reactive Fibroblast activation protein scFv-based CAR-T cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1433679. [PMID: 39086477 PMCID: PMC11288799 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1433679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) overexpression on cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) is associated with poor prognosis and worse clinical outcomes. Selective ablation of pro-tumorgenic FAP+ stromal cells with CAR-T cells may be a new therapeutic strategy. However, the clinical use of FAP-CAR T cells is suggested to proceed with caution for occasional poor efficacy and induction of on-target off-tumor toxicity (OTOT), including lethal osteotoxicity and cachexia. Hence, more investigations and preclinical trials are required to optimize the FAP-CAR T cells and to approve their safety and efficacy. Methods In this study, we designed second-generation CAR T cells targeting FAP with 4-1BB as a co-stimulatory molecule, and tested their cytotoxicity against FAP-positive cells (hFAP-HT1080 cells and a variety of primary CAFs) in vitro and in Cell line-derived xenograft (CDX) and a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model. Results Results showed that our FAP-CAR T cells were powerfully potent in killing human and murine FAP-positive tumor cells and CAFs in multiple types of tumors in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice and in patient-derived xenografts (PDX) model. And they were proved to be biologically safe and exhibit low-level OTOT. Discussion Taken together, the human/murine cross-reactive FAP-CAR T cells were powerfully potent in killing human and murine FAP positive tumor cells and CAFs. They were biologically safe and exhibit low-level OTOT, warranting further clinical investigation into our FAP-CAR T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Niu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Binchen Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yirui Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaomin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiali Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Lei
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Shuai Q, Xu X, Liang Y, Halbiyat Z, Lu X, Hu Z, Peng Z, An J, Feng Z, Huang T, Zhao H, Liu Z, Xu J, Xie J. Engineered in vivo and in vitro tumor model recapitulates vasculogenic mimicry signatures in melanoma. Bioeng Transl Med 2024; 9:e10648. [PMID: 39036079 PMCID: PMC11256191 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) describes a process by which tumor cells formed a novel microcirculation pattern in an endothelial cell-free manner. Clinically, VM is associated with aggressive phenotype and poor patient survival. However, the current models for investigating VM include 2D monolayer cultures, Matrigel-based cultures, and animal models, each of which has limitations. Matrigel-based models often exhibit batch-to-batch variations, while in vivo tumor models currently produce insufficient amounts of VM. There is currently no suitable tumor model to discover new therapeutic targets against VM. Herein, we establish an extracellular matrix (ECM)-based engineered tumor model in vivo and in vitro. In this study, we demonstrate that matrix proteins enhanced the VM formation in the engineered xenograft model. Furthermore, we also investigated the role of collagen/fibronectin (FN) in melanoma progression and VM formation. Compared with cells cultured on TCPS plates, the B16F10 cells cultured on collagen/FN coated plates showed increased proliferation and stemness, and significantly enhanced invasion and formation of VM networks. Molecular mechanism analysis showed that Integrin/VE-cadherin/EphA2/PI3K/MMP-2 signaling pathways are responsible for VM formation. Our results indicate that collagen/FN matrix plays an important role in VM formation in melanoma, suggesting that ECM protein is a potential therapeutic target for anti-VM therapy for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhi Shuai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Xinrui Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Tissue‐Orientated Property of Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceWest China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yuxiang Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Experimental Animal Center of Shanxi Medical UniversityShanxi Key Laboratory of Human Disease and Animal ModelsTaiyuanChina
| | - Zulala Halbiyat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Zixuan Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Zhiwei Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Jie An
- Department of Nuclear MedicineThe First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Zhiwei Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Tingjuan Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Zhizhen Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary SurgeryThe First Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
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8
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Zhang Q, Yao Y, Yu Z, Zhou T, Zhang Q, Li H, Zhang J, Wei S, Zhang T, Wang H. Bioinformatics Analysis and Experimental Verification Define Different Angiogenesis Subtypes in Endometrial Carcinoma and Identify a Prognostic Signature. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:26519-26539. [PMID: 38911819 PMCID: PMC11190931 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c03034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that peripheral blood vessels play a pivotal role in regulating tumor growth with the presence of new blood vessels facilitating tumor growth and metastasis. Nevertheless, the impact of specific molecule-mediated angiogenesis on the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and individual prognosis of uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) remains uncertain. The transcriptome information on 217 prognostic angiogenesis-related genes was integrated, and the angiogenesis patterns of 506 UCEC patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort were comprehensively evaluated. We identified five angiogenic subtypes, namely, EC1, EC2, EC3, EC4, and EC5, which differed significantly in terms of prognosis, clinicopathological features, cancer hallmarks, genomic mutations, TIME patterns, and immunotherapy responses. Additionally, an angiogenesis-related prognostic risk score (APRS) was constructed to enable an individualized comprehensive evaluation. In multiple cohorts, APRS demonstrated a powerful predictive ability for the prognosis of UCEC patients. Likewise, APRS was confirmed to be associated with clinicopathological features, genomic mutations, cancer hallmarks, and TIME patterns in UCEC patients. The predictability of APRS for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy was also salient. Subsequently, the expression levels of four angiogenesis-related hub genes were verified by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and single-cell sequencing data analysis. The effects of four representative genes on angiogenesis were validated by Wound-Healing and Transwell assays, tube formation assay in vitro, and tumor xenograft model in vivo. This study proffered a new classification of UCEC patients based on angiogenesis. The established APRS may contribute to individualized prognosis prediction and immunotherapy selections that are better suited for UCEC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yuwei Yao
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhicheng Yu
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First
Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Haojia Li
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Sitian Wei
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Tangansu Zhang
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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9
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Trillo Aliaga P, Del Signore E, Fuorivia V, Spitaleri G, Asnaghi R, Attili I, Corvaja C, Carnevale Schianca A, Passaro A, de Marinis F. The Evolving Scenario of ES-SCLC Management: From Biology to New Cancer Therapeutics. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:701. [PMID: 38927637 PMCID: PMC11203015 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma accounting for 15% of lung cancers with dismal survival outcomes. Minimal changes in therapy and prognosis have occurred in SCLC for the past four decades. Recent progress in the treatment of extensive-stage disease (ES-SCLC) has been marked by incorporating immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) into platinum-based chemotherapy, leading to modest improvements. Moreover, few second-line-and-beyond treatment options are currently available. The main limitation for the molecular study of SCLC has been the scarcity of samples, because only very early diseases are treated with surgery and biopsies are not performed when the disease progresses. Despite all these difficulties, in recent years we have come to understand that SCLC is not a homogeneous disease. At the molecular level, in addition to the universal loss of retinoblastoma (RB) and TP53 genes, a recent large molecular study has identified other mutations that could serve as targets for therapy development or patient selection. In recent years, there has also been the identification of new genetic subtypes which have shown us how intertumor heterogeneity exists. Moreover, SCLC can also develop intratumoral heterogeneity linked mainly to the concept of cellular plasticity, mostly due to the development of resistance to therapies. The aim of this review is to quickly present the current standard of care of ES-SCLC, to focus on the molecular landscapes and subtypes of SCLC, subsequently present the most promising therapeutic strategies under investigation, and finally recap the future directions of ongoing clinical trials for this aggressive disease which still remains a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Trillo Aliaga
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Ester Del Signore
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Fuorivia
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Haematology (DIPO), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Spitaleri
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Asnaghi
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Haematology (DIPO), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Attili
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Corvaja
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Ambra Carnevale Schianca
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Haematology (DIPO), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Passaro
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo de Marinis
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
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10
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Wu Y, Cao Y, Chen L, Lai X, Zhang S, Wang S. Role of Exosomes in Cancer and Aptamer-Modified Exosomes as a Promising Platform for Cancer Targeted Therapy. Biol Proced Online 2024; 26:15. [PMID: 38802766 PMCID: PMC11129508 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-024-00245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are increasingly recognized as important mediators of intercellular communication in cancer biology. Exosomes can be derived from cancer cells as well as cellular components in tumor microenvironment. After secretion, the exosomes carrying a wide range of bioactive cargos can be ingested by local or distant recipient cells. The released cargos act through a variety of mechanisms to elicit multiple biological effects and impact most if not all hallmarks of cancer. Moreover, owing to their excellent biocompatibility and capability of being easily engineered or modified, exosomes are currently exploited as a promising platform for cancer targeted therapy. In this review, we first summarize the current knowledge of roles of exosomes in risk and etiology, initiation and progression of cancer, as well as their underlying molecular mechanisms. The aptamer-modified exosome as a promising platform for cancer targeted therapy is then briefly introduced. We also discuss the future directions for emerging roles of exosome in tumor biology and perspective of aptamer-modified exosomes in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Wu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yue Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900 th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900 th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Lai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900 th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shenghang Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R. China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900 th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Shuiliang Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R. China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900 th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China.
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11
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Zhou Y, Tao L, Qiu J, Xu J, Yang X, Zhang Y, Tian X, Guan X, Cen X, Zhao Y. Tumor biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:132. [PMID: 38763973 PMCID: PMC11102923 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor biomarkers, the substances which are produced by tumors or the body's responses to tumors during tumorigenesis and progression, have been demonstrated to possess critical and encouraging value in screening and early diagnosis, prognosis prediction, recurrence detection, and therapeutic efficacy monitoring of cancers. Over the past decades, continuous progress has been made in exploring and discovering novel, sensitive, specific, and accurate tumor biomarkers, which has significantly promoted personalized medicine and improved the outcomes of cancer patients, especially advances in molecular biology technologies developed for the detection of tumor biomarkers. Herein, we summarize the discovery and development of tumor biomarkers, including the history of tumor biomarkers, the conventional and innovative technologies used for biomarker discovery and detection, the classification of tumor biomarkers based on tissue origins, and the application of tumor biomarkers in clinical cancer management. In particular, we highlight the recent advancements in biomarker-based anticancer-targeted therapies which are emerging as breakthroughs and promising cancer therapeutic strategies. We also discuss limitations and challenges that need to be addressed and provide insights and perspectives to turn challenges into opportunities in this field. Collectively, the discovery and application of multiple tumor biomarkers emphasized in this review may provide guidance on improved precision medicine, broaden horizons in future research directions, and expedite the clinical classification of cancer patients according to their molecular biomarkers rather than organs of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiahao Qiu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Medicine, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Xinyu Tian
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinqi Guan
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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12
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Guan R, Li C, Gu F, Li W, Wei D, Cao S, Chang F, Lei D. Single-cell transcriptomic landscape and the microenvironment of normal adjacent tissues in hypopharyngeal carcinoma. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:489. [PMID: 38760729 PMCID: PMC11100249 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cellular origin of hypopharyngeal diseases is crucial for further diagnosis and treatment, and the microenvironment in tissues may also be associated with specific cell types at the same time. Normal adjacent tissues (NATs) of hypopharyngeal carcinoma differ from non-tumor-bearing tissues, and can influenced by the tumor. However, the heterogeneity in kinds of disease samples remains little known, and the transcriptomic profile about biological information associated with disease occurrence and clinical outcome contained in it has yet to be fully evaluated. For these reasons, we should quickly investigate the taxonomic and transcriptomic information of NATs in human hypopharynx. RESULTS Single-cell suspensions of normal adjacent tissues (NATs) of hypopharyngeal carcinoma were obtained and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed. We present scRNA-seq data from 39,315 high-quality cells in the hypopharyngeal from five human donors, nine clusters of normal adjacent human hypopharyngeal cells were presented, including epithelial cells, endothelial cells (ECs), mononuclear phagocyte system cells (MPs), fibroblasts, T cells, plasma cells, B cells, mural cells and mast cells. Nonimmune components in the microenvironment, including epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and the subpopulations of them were performed. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide a solid basis for the study of single-cell landscape in human normal adjacent hypopharyngeal tissues biology and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology (Shandong University), Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Shandong, 250012, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan , Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Ce Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology (Shandong University), Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Fangmeng Gu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology (Shandong University), Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Wenming Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology (Shandong University), Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Dongmin Wei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology (Shandong University), Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Shengda Cao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology (Shandong University), Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Fen Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology (Shandong University), Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Dapeng Lei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology (Shandong University), Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Shandong, 250012, China.
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan , Shandong, 250012, China.
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Yasmeen N, Chaudhary AA, Khan S, Ayyar PV, Lakhawat SS, Sharma PK, Kumar V. Antiangiogenic potential of phytochemicals from Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn investigated through in silico and quantum computational methods. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10846-4. [PMID: 38678137 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10846-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Suppressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), its receptor (VEGFR2), and the VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling cascade system to inhibit angiogenesis has emerged as a possible cancer therapeutic target. The present work was designed to discover and evaluate bioactive phytochemicals from the Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn plant for their anti-angiogenic potential. Molecular docking of twenty-one phytochemicals against the VEGFR-2 (PDB ID: 3VHE) protein was performed, followed by ADMET profiling and molecular docking simulations. These investigations unveiled two hit compounds, cirsimaritin (- 12.29 kcal/mol) and salvigenin (- 12.14 kcal/mol), with the highest binding energy values when compared to the reference drug, Sorafenib (- 15.14 kcal/mol). Furthermore, only nine phytochemicals (cirsimaritin and salvigenin included) obeyed Lipinski's rule of five and passed ADMET filters. Molecular dynamics simulations run over 100 ns revealed that the protein-ligand complexes remained stable with minimal backbone fluctuations. The binding free energy values of cirsimaritin (- 52.35 kcal/mol) and salvigenin (- 55.89 kcal/mol), deciphered by MM-GBSA analyses, further corroborated the docking interactions. The HOMO-LUMO band energy gap (ΔE) was calculated using density-functional theory (DFT) and substantiated using density of state (DOS) spectra. The chemical reactivity analyses revealed that salvigenin exhibited the highest chemical softness value (6.384 eV), the lowest hardness value (0.07831 eV), and the lowest ΔE value (0.1566 eV), which implies salvigenin was less stable and chemically more reactive than cirsimaritin and sorafenib. These findings provide further evidence that cirsimaritin and salvigenin have the ability to prevent angiogenesis and the development of cancer. Nevertheless, more in vitro and in vivo confirmation is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrath Yasmeen
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anis Ahmad Chaudhary
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salauddin Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Priya Vijay Ayyar
- School of Life Science, Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Holkar Solapur University, Solapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sudarshan S Lakhawat
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pushpender K Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vikram Kumar
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
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14
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Song J, Cheng X, Zhou C, Huang S, Zhao W, Zong Z, Yang L. Targeting the "tumor microenvironment": RNA-binding proteins in the spotlight in colorectal cancer therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111876. [PMID: 38493688 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and has the second highest mortality rate among cancers. The development of CRC involves both genetic and epigenetic abnormalities, and recent research has focused on exploring the ex-transcriptome, particularly post-transcriptional modifications. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are emerging epigenetic regulators that play crucial roles in post-transcriptional events. Dysregulation of RBPs can result in aberrant expression of downstream target genes, thereby affecting the progression of colorectal tumors and the prognosis of patients. Recent studies have shown that RBPs can influence CRC pathogenesis and progression by regulating various components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Although previous research on RBPs has primarily focused on their direct regulation of colorectal tumor development, their involvement in the remodeling of the TME has not been systematically reported. This review aims to highlight the significant role of RBPs in the intricate interactions within the CRC tumor microenvironment, including tumor immune microenvironment, inflammatory microenvironment, extracellular matrix, tumor vasculature, and CRC cancer stem cells. We also highlight several compounds under investigation for RBP-TME-based treatment of CRC, including small molecule inhibitors such as antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), siRNAs, agonists, gene manipulation, and tumor vaccines. The insights gained from this review may lead to the development of RBP-based targeted novel therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating the TME, potentially inhibiting the progression and metastasis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 MinDe Road, 330006 Nanchang, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Mingde Rd., Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 MinDe Road, 330006 Nanchang, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Mingde Rd., Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jingjing Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 MinDe Road, 330006 Nanchang, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Mingde Rd., Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; School of Ophthalmology and Optometry of Nanchang University, China
| | - Xifu Cheng
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry of Nanchang University, China
| | - Chulin Zhou
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Shuo Huang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Wentao Zhao
- The 3rd Clinical Department of China Medical University, 10159 Shenyang, China
| | - Zhen Zong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 MinDe Road, 330006 Nanchang, China.
| | - Lingling Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Mingde Rd., Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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15
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Zhou J, Zhou P, Wang J, Song J. Roles of endothelial cell specific molecule‑1 in tumor angiogenesis (Review). Oncol Lett 2024; 27:137. [PMID: 38357478 PMCID: PMC10865172 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a crucial role in tumor growth and metastasis, and is heavily influenced by the tumor microenvironment (TME). Endothelial cell dysfunction is a key factor in tumor angiogenesis and is characterized by the aberrant expression of pro-angiogenic factors. Endothelial cell specific molecule-1 (ESM1), also known as endocan, is a marker of endothelial cell dysfunction. Although ESM1 is primarily expressed in normal endothelial cells, dysregulated ESM1 expression has been observed in human tumors and animal tumor models, and implicated in tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis. The precise role of ESM1 in tumor angiogenesis and its potential regulatory mechanisms are not yet conclusively defined. However, the aim of the present review was to explore the involvement of ESM1 in the process of tumor angiogenesis in the TME and the characteristics of neovascularization. In addition, the present review discusses the interaction between ESM1 and angiogenic factors, as well as the mechanisms through which ESM1 contributes to tumor angiogenesis. Furthermore, the reciprocal regulation between ESM1 and the TME is explored. Finally, the potential of targeting ESM1 as a therapeutic strategy for tumor angiogenesis is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhou
- College of Chinese Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Jinfang Wang
- College of Nursing, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Jie Song
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
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16
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Gomez-Randulfe I, Leporati R, Gupta B, Liu S, Califano R. Recent advances and future strategies in first-line treatment of ES-SCLC. Eur J Cancer 2024; 200:113581. [PMID: 38301317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2024.113581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Recent advancements in treating extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) have been significantly marked by incorporating immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) into platinum-based chemotherapy, leading to modest yet notable improvements in patient outcomes, which become more evident with longer follow-up. However, critical challenges persist, such as identifying effective biomarkers for accurate patient selection or finding more effective drugs. This review delves into the current and evolving treatment landscape for ES-SCLC, focusing on the most promising therapeutic strategies under investigation. We discuss the latest developments in the use of newer ICIs, antiangiogenic agents, PARP inhibitors (PARPi), lurbinectedin, and anti-DLL3 agents, offering insights into potential future directions in the management of this aggressive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Gomez-Randulfe
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Rita Leporati
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via G. Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Brinda Gupta
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Stephen Liu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Raffaele Califano
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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17
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Singvogel K, Schittek B. Dormancy of cutaneous melanoma. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:88. [PMID: 38419052 PMCID: PMC10903048 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03278-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Many cancer-related deaths including melanoma result from metastases that develop months or years after the initial cancer therapy. Even the most effective drugs and immune therapies rarely eradicate all tumor cells. Instead, they strongly reduce cancer burden, permitting dormant cancer cells to persist in niches, where they establish a cellular homeostasis with their host without causing clinical symptoms. Dormant cancers respond poorly to most drugs and therapies since they do not proliferate and hide in niches. It therefore remains a major challenge to develop novel therapies for dormant cancers. In this review we focus on the mechanisms regulating the initiation of cutaneous melanoma dormancy as well as those which are involved in reawakening of dormant cutaneous melanoma cells. In recent years the role of neutrophils and niche components in reawakening of melanoma cells came into focus and indicate possible future therapeutic applications. Sophisticated in vitro and in vivo melanoma dormancy models are needed to make progress in this field and are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Singvogel
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Liebermeisterstr. 25, D -72076 , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Schittek
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Liebermeisterstr. 25, D -72076 , Tübingen, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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18
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Fouad MA, Osman AA, Abdelhamid NM, Rashad MW, Nabawy AY, El Kerdawy AM. Discovery of dual kinase inhibitors targeting VEGFR2 and FAK: structure-based pharmacophore modeling, virtual screening, and molecular docking studies. BMC Chem 2024; 18:29. [PMID: 38347617 PMCID: PMC10863211 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
VEGFR2 and FAK signaling pathways are interconnected and have synergistic effects on tumor angiogenesis, growth, and metastasis. Thus, instead of the conventional targeting of each of these proteins individually with a specific inhibitor, the present work aimed to discover novel dual inhibitors targeting both VEGFR2 and FAK exploiting their association. To this end, receptor-based pharmacophore modeling technique was opted to generate 3D pharmacophore models for VEGFR2 and FAK type II kinase inhibitors. The generated pharmacophore models were validated by assessing their ability to discriminate between active and decoy compounds in a pre-compiled test set of VEGFR2 and FAK active compounds and decoys. ZINCPharmer web tool was then used to screen the ZINC database purchasable subset using the validated pharmacophore models retrieving 42,616 hits for VEGFR2 and 28,475 hits for FAK. Subsequently, they were filtered using various filters leaving 13,023 and 6,832 survived compounds for VEGFR2 and FAK, respectively, with 124 common compounds. Based on molecular docking simulations, thirteen compounds were found to satisfy all necessary interactions with VEGFR2 and FAK kinase domains. Thus, they are predicted to have a possible dual VEGFR2/FAK inhibitory activity. Finally, SwissADME web tool showed that compound ZINC09875266 is not only promising in terms of binding pattern to our target kinases, but also in terms of pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A Fouad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University (NGU), Newgiza, Km 22 Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Alaa A Osman
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University (NGU), Newgiza, Km 22 Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha M Abdelhamid
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University (NGU), Newgiza, Km 22 Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mai W Rashad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University (NGU), Newgiza, Km 22 Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashrakat Y Nabawy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University (NGU), Newgiza, Km 22 Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El Kerdawy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University (NGU), Newgiza, Km 22 Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, Cairo, Egypt
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Science, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Green Lane, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, UK
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19
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Winter J, Jepsen S. Role of innate host defense proteins in oral cancerogenesis. Periodontol 2000 2024. [PMID: 38265172 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
It is nowadays well accepted that chronic inflammation plays a pivotal role in tumor initiation and progression. Under this aspect, the oral cavity is predestined to examine this connection because periodontitis is a highly prevalent chronic inflammatory disease and oral squamous cell carcinomas are the most common oral malignant lesions. In this review, we describe how particular molecules of the human innate host defense system may participate as molecular links between these two important chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Specific focus is directed toward antimicrobial polypeptides, such as the cathelicidin LL-37 and human defensins, as well as S100 proteins and alarmins. We report in which way these peptides and proteins are able to initiate and support oral tumorigenesis, showing direct mechanisms by binding to growth-stimulating cell surface receptors and/or indirect effects, for example, inducing tumor-promoting genes. Finally, bacterial challenges with impact on oral cancerogenesis are briefly addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Winter
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Søren Jepsen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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20
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Ding G, Wang T, Tang G, Zou Q, Wu G, Wu J. A novel prognostic predictor of immune microenvironment and therapeutic response in clear cell renal cell carcinoma based on angiogenesis-immune-related gene signature. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23503. [PMID: 38170124 PMCID: PMC10758882 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most common type of RCC, typically produces no symptoms initially. Patients with ccRCC are at increased risk of developing advanced metastatic disease due to the absence of dependable and effective prognostic biomarkers. Therefore, it is particularly urgent to find optimal stratification of patients with ccRCC to distinguish the clinical benefits of different malignant degrees. Angiogenesis has a profound impact on the malignant behavior of renal cancer cells, and anti-angiogenic drugs have been applied to metastatic renal cancer patients. Moreover, immune function dysregulation is also a significant factor in tumorigenesis. We aim to construct a predictive model that combines angiogenesis and immune-related genes (AIRGs) to aid clinicians in predicting ccRCC prognosis. Methods We gathered transcriptome and clinicopathology data from two datasets, the E-MTAB-1980 dataset and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We utilized consensus clustering to find new molecular subgroups. A predictive model for the prognosis of angiogenesis-immune-associated genes (AIRGs) was conducted by the lasso and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The signature's predictive ability was then tested in different datasets. Meticulous scrutiny and comprehensive assessment were undertaken, both internally and externally, to establish the prognostic model. Analyses of immunogenomics were carried out to examine the relationship between risk scores and clinical/immune features, including immune cell infiltration, genomic alterations, and response to targeted and immunotherapy therapy. Results Our prognostic signature, comprising 4 AIRGs, stood as an independent prognostic factor for ccRCC, while risk scores emerged as a novel indicator for forecasting overall survival. Risk scores exhibited significant associations with various immunophenotypic factors, such as oncogenic pathways, antitumor response, different immune cell infiltration, antitumor immunity, and response to targeted and immunotherapy therapy. Conclusions AIRGs-based prognostic prediction model could effectively predict immunotherapy responses and survival outcomes of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qingsong Zou
- Department of Urology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Urology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jitao Wu
- Department of Urology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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21
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Ng MS, Kwok I, Tan L, Shi C, Cerezo-Wallis D, Tan Y, Leong K, Yang K, Zhang Y, Jing J, Liong KH, Wu D, He R, Liu D, Teh YC, Bleriot C, Caronni N, Liu Z, Duan K, Narang V, Li M, Chen J, Liu Y, Liu L, Qi J, Liu Y, Jiang L, Shen B, Cheng H, Cheng T, Angeli V, Sharma A, Loh YH, Tey HL, Chong SZ, Ostuni R, Hidalgo A, Ginhoux F, Ng LG. Deterministic reprogramming of neutrophils within tumors. Science 2024; 383:eadf6493. [PMID: 38207030 PMCID: PMC11087151 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf6493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Neutrophils are increasingly recognized as key players in the tumor immune response and are associated with poor clinical outcomes. Despite recent advances characterizing the diversity of neutrophil states in cancer, common trajectories and mechanisms governing the ontogeny and relationship between these neutrophil states remain undefined. Here, we demonstrate that immature and mature neutrophils that enter tumors undergo irreversible epigenetic, transcriptional, and proteomic modifications to converge into a distinct, terminally differentiated dcTRAIL-R1+ state. Reprogrammed dcTRAIL-R1+ neutrophils predominantly localize to a glycolytic and hypoxic niche at the tumor core and exert pro-angiogenic function that favors tumor growth. We found similar trajectories in neutrophils across multiple tumor types and in humans, suggesting that targeting this program may provide a means of enhancing certain cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S.F. Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research); Singapore
| | - Immanuel Kwok
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research); Singapore
| | - Leonard Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research); Singapore
| | - Changming Shi
- Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Renji Hospital; Shanghai, China
| | - Daniela Cerezo-Wallis
- Area of Cell & Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III; Madrid, Spain
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, USA
| | - Yingrou Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research); Singapore
- National Skin Centre, National Healthcare Group; Singapore
| | - Keith Leong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research); Singapore
| | - Katharine Yang
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research); Singapore
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore (NUS); Singapore
| | - Jingsi Jing
- Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Renji Hospital; Shanghai, China
| | - Ka Hang Liong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research); Singapore
| | - Dandan Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, China
| | - Rui He
- Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Renji Hospital; Shanghai, China
| | - Dehua Liu
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research); Singapore
| | - Ye Chean Teh
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research); Singapore
| | - Camille Bleriot
- INSERM U1015, Institut Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France
- CNRS UMR8253, Institut Necker des Enfants Malades; Paris, France
| | - Nicoletta Caronni
- Genomics of the Innate Immune System Unit, San Raffaele-Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Milan, Italy
| | - Zhaoyuan Liu
- Genomics of the Innate Immune System Unit, San Raffaele-Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Milan, Italy
| | - Kaibo Duan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research); Singapore
| | - Vipin Narang
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research); Singapore
| | - Mengwei Li
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research); Singapore
| | - Jinmiao Chen
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research); Singapore
| | | | - Lianxin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China; Anhui, China
| | - Jingjing Qi
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cancer Biology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, China
| | - Yingbin Liu
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cancer Biology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, China
| | - Lingxi Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Pancreatic Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai, China
| | - Baiyong Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Pancreatic Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin, China
| | - Veronique Angeli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore (NUS); Singapore
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre; Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University; Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University; Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Yuin-han Loh
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research); Singapore
| | - Hong Liang Tey
- National Skin Centre, National Healthcare Group; Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Shu Zhen Chong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research); Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore (NUS); Singapore
| | - Renato Ostuni
- Genomics of the Innate Immune System Unit, San Raffaele-Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan; Italy
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Area of Cell & Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III; Madrid, Spain
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, USA
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research); Singapore
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai, China
- INSERM U1015, Institut Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre; Singapore
| | - Lai Guan Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research); Singapore
- Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Renji Hospital; Shanghai, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore (NUS); Singapore
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22
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Carrera-Aguado I, Marcos-Zazo L, Carrancio-Salán P, Guerra-Paes E, Sánchez-Juanes F, Muñoz-Félix JM. The Inhibition of Vessel Co-Option as an Emerging Strategy for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:921. [PMID: 38255995 PMCID: PMC10815934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Vessel co-option (VCO) is a non-angiogenic mechanism of vascularization that has been associated to anti-angiogenic therapy. In VCO, cancer cells hijack the pre-existing blood vessels and use them to obtain oxygen and nutrients and invade adjacent tissue. Multiple primary tumors and metastases undergo VCO in highly vascularized tissues such as the lungs, liver or brain. VCO has been associated with a worse prognosis. The cellular and molecular mechanisms that undergo VCO are poorly understood. Recent studies have demonstrated that co-opted vessels show a quiescent phenotype in contrast to angiogenic tumor blood vessels. On the other hand, it is believed that during VCO, cancer cells are adhered to basement membrane from pre-existing blood vessels by using integrins, show enhanced motility and a mesenchymal phenotype. Other components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) such as extracellular matrix, immune cells or extracellular vesicles play important roles in vessel co-option maintenance. There are no strategies to inhibit VCO, and thus, to eliminate resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy. This review summarizes all the molecular mechanisms involved in vessel co-option analyzing the possible therapeutic strategies to inhibit this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Carrera-Aguado
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (I.C.-A.); (L.M.-Z.); (P.C.-S.); (E.G.-P.); (F.S.-J.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Laura Marcos-Zazo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (I.C.-A.); (L.M.-Z.); (P.C.-S.); (E.G.-P.); (F.S.-J.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Patricia Carrancio-Salán
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (I.C.-A.); (L.M.-Z.); (P.C.-S.); (E.G.-P.); (F.S.-J.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Elena Guerra-Paes
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (I.C.-A.); (L.M.-Z.); (P.C.-S.); (E.G.-P.); (F.S.-J.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Fernando Sánchez-Juanes
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (I.C.-A.); (L.M.-Z.); (P.C.-S.); (E.G.-P.); (F.S.-J.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - José M. Muñoz-Félix
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (I.C.-A.); (L.M.-Z.); (P.C.-S.); (E.G.-P.); (F.S.-J.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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23
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Lv Y, Sun X. Role of miRNA in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14352. [PMID: 37726253 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers and is responsible for the second cancer-related death globally. Many treatment regimens have been developed to cure the disease; however, life expectancy is still low. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore new selective, specific, and robust diagnosis markers for efficient early recognition of the ailment. Along with the diagnosis, the treatment's effectiveness can be determined by prognostic markers, and miRNAs are excellent tools for the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC. In addition, the altered expression profile of a few miRNAs promotes HCC cell migration and invasion, and selective up- or downregulation of these responsible genes may help mitigate the disorder. On one hand, few of the miRNAs have been found to enhance angiogenesis, a crucial step of tumor growth; on the other hand, upregulation of specific miRNAs is reported to suppress angiogenesis and resulting tumor growth of HCC cells. Exosomal miRNAs have significant implications in promoting angiogenesis, increased endothelial cell permeability, tube formation, and metastasis to hepatic and pulmonary tissues. miRNA also attributes to drug resistance toward chemotherapy and the prevention of autophagy also. Identifying novel miRNA and determining their differential expression in HCC tissue may serve as a potential tool for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy to enhance the life expectancy and quality of life of HCC patients. In the present review, we have summarized the recent advances in HCC-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lv
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiujuan Sun
- Department of Pathology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
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24
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McWhorter R, Bonavida B. The Role of TAMs in the Regulation of Tumor Cell Resistance to Chemotherapy. Crit Rev Oncog 2024; 29:97-125. [PMID: 38989740 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2024053667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the predominant cell infiltrate in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). TAMs are central to fostering pro-inflammatory conditions, tumor growth, metastasis, and inhibiting therapy responses. Many cancer patients are innately refractory to chemotherapy and or develop resistance following initial treatments. There is a clinical correlation between the level of TAMs in the TME and chemoresistance. Hence, the pivotal role of TAMs in contributing to chemoresistance has garnered significant attention toward targeting TAMs to reverse this resistance. A prerequisite for such an approach requires a thorough understanding of the various underlying mechanisms by which TAMs inhibit response to chemotherapeutic drugs. Such mechanisms include enhancing drug efflux, regulating drug metabolism and detoxification, supporting cancer stem cell (CSCs) resistance, promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), inhibiting drug penetration and its metabolism, stimulating angiogenesis, impacting inhibitory STAT3/NF-κB survival pathways, and releasing specific inhibitory cytokines including TGF-β and IL-10. Accordingly, several strategies have been developed to overcome TAM-modulated chemoresistance. These include novel therapies that aim to deplete TAMs, repolarize them toward the anti-tumor M1-like phenotype, or block recruitment of monocytes into the TME. Current results from TAM-targeted treatments have been unimpressive; however, the use of TAM-targeted therapies in combination appears promising These include targeting TAMs with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, chemokine receptor inhibitors, immunotherapy, and loaded nanoparticles. The clinical limitations of these strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Bonavida
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Johnson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025-1747, USA
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25
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Domínguez-Cejudo MA, Gil-Torralvo A, Cejuela M, Molina-Pinelo S, Salvador Bofill J. Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment in Breast Cancer: Prognostic and Predictive Significance and Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16771. [PMID: 38069096 PMCID: PMC10706312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent tumors among women. Its prognosis and treatment outcomes depend on factors related to tumor cell biology. However, recent studies have revealed the critical role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in the development, progression, and treatment response of breast cancer. In this review, we explore the different components of the TME and their relevance as prognostic and predictive biomarkers in breast cancer. In addition, techniques for assessing the tumor microenvironment, such as immunohistochemistry or gene expression profiling, and their clinical utility in therapeutic decision-making are examined. Finally, therapeutic strategies targeting the TME are reviewed, highlighting their potential clinical benefits. Overall, this review emphasizes the importance of the TME in breast cancer and its potential as a clinical tool for better patient stratification and the design of personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A. Domínguez-Cejudo
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain (S.M.-P.)
- Andalusian—Roche Network Mixed Alliance in Precision Medical Oncology, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Gil-Torralvo
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain (S.M.-P.)
- Andalusian—Roche Network Mixed Alliance in Precision Medical Oncology, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Virgen del Rocio Hospital, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Mónica Cejuela
- Medical Oncology Department, Virgen del Rocio Hospital, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Sonia Molina-Pinelo
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain (S.M.-P.)
- Andalusian—Roche Network Mixed Alliance in Precision Medical Oncology, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Javier Salvador Bofill
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain (S.M.-P.)
- Andalusian—Roche Network Mixed Alliance in Precision Medical Oncology, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Virgen del Rocio Hospital, 41013 Seville, Spain
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26
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Choi Y, Jung K. Normalization of the tumor microenvironment by harnessing vascular and immune modulation to achieve enhanced cancer therapy. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:2308-2319. [PMID: 37907742 PMCID: PMC10689787 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01114-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors are complex entities that actively shape their microenvironment to create a supportive environment for their own growth. Angiogenesis and immune suppression are two key characteristics of this tumor microenvironment. Despite attempts to deplete tumor blood vessels using antiangiogenic drugs, extensive vessel pruning has shown limited efficacy. Instead, a targeted approach involving the judicious use of drugs at specific time points can normalize the function and structure of tumor vessels, leading to improved outcomes when combined with other anticancer therapies. Additionally, normalizing the immune microenvironment by suppressing immunosuppressive cells and activating immunostimulatory cells has shown promise in suppressing tumor growth and improving overall survival. Based on these findings, many studies have been conducted to normalize each component of the tumor microenvironment, leading to the development of a variety of strategies. In this review, we provide an overview of the concepts of vascular and immune normalization and discuss some of the strategies employed to achieve these goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yechan Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Keehoon Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Amirzargar MR, Shahriyary F, Shahidi M, Kooshari A, Vafajoo M, Nekouian R, Faranoush M. Angiogenesis, coagulation, and fibrinolytic markers in acute promyelocytic leukemia (NB4): An evaluation of melatonin effects. J Pineal Res 2023; 75:e12901. [PMID: 37485730 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a powerful biological agent that has been shown to inhibit angiogenesis and also exerts anti-inflammatory effects. It is well known that new blood vessel formation (angiogenesis) has become an urgent issue in leukemia as well as solid tumors. Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a form of liquid cancer that manifests increased angiogenesis in the bone marrow of patients. Despite high-rate curable treatment with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and recently arsenic-trioxide (ATO), early death because of hemorrhage, coagulopathy, and Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) remains still a concerning issue in these patients. It is, therefore, urgent to seek treatment strategies with antiangiogenic capabilities that also diminish coagulopathy and hyperfibrinolysis in APL patients. In this study, a coculture system with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and NB4 APL cells was used to investigate the direct effect of melatonin on angiogenesis and its possible action on tissue factor (TF) and tissue-type plasminogen activator-1 (TPA-1) expression. Our experiments revealed that HUVEC-induced angiogenesis by cocultured NB4 cells was suppressed when melatonin alone or in combination with ATRA was added to the incubation medium. Melatonin at concentrations of 1 mM inhibited tube formation of HUVECs and also decreased interleukin-6 secretion and VEGF mRNA expression in HUVEC and NB4 cells. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate that melatonin inhibits accelerated angiogenesis of HUVECs and ameliorates the coagulation and fibrinolysis indices stimulated by coculturing with NB4 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Amirzargar
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Shahriyary
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Minoo Shahidi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Kooshari
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Vafajoo
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Nekouian
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pediatric Growth and Development Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Faranoush
- Pediatric Growth and Development Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Oza PP, Kashfi K. The Triple Crown: NO, CO, and H 2S in cancer cell biology. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 249:108502. [PMID: 37517510 PMCID: PMC10529678 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are three endogenously produced gases with important functions in the vasculature, immune defense, and inflammation. It is increasingly apparent that, far from working in isolation, these three exert many effects by modulating each other's activity. Each gas is produced by three enzymes, which have some tissue specificities and can also be non-enzymatically produced by redox reactions of various substrates. Both NO and CO share similar properties, such as activating soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) to increase cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels. At the same time, H2S both inhibits phosphodiesterase 5A (PDE5A), an enzyme that metabolizes sGC and exerts redox regulation on sGC. The role of NO, CO, and H2S in the setting of cancer has been quite perplexing, as there is evidence for both tumor-promoting and pro-inflammatory effects and anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities. Each gasotransmitter has been found to have dual effects on different aspects of cancer biology, including cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis, invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, and immunomodulation. These seemingly contradictory actions may relate to each gas having a dual effect dependent on its local flux. In this review, we discuss the major roles of NO, CO, and H2S in the context of cancer, with an effort to highlight the dual nature of each gas in different events occurring during cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak P Oza
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY 10031, USA; Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, New York 10091, USA.
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Mukherjee AG, Gopalakrishnan AV. The mechanistic insights of the antioxidant Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in oncogenesis: a deadly scenario. Med Oncol 2023; 40:248. [PMID: 37480500 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02124-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
The Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein has garnered significant interest due to its crucial function in safeguarding cells and tissues. The Nrf2 protein is crucial in preserving tissue integrity by safeguarding cells against metabolic, xenobiotic and oxidative stress. Due to its various functions, Nrf2 is a potential pharmacological target for reducing the incidence of diseases such as cancer. However, mutations in Keap1-Nrf2 are not consistently favored in all types of cancer. Instead, they seem to interact with specific driver mutations of tumors and their respective tissue origins. The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-Nrf2 pathway mutations are a powerful cancer adaptation that utilizes inherent cytoprotective pathways, encompassing nutrient metabolism and ROS regulation. The augmentation of Nrf2 activity elicits significant alterations in the characteristics of neoplastic cells, such as resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, safeguarding against apoptosis, heightened invasiveness, hindered senescence, impaired autophagy and increased angiogenesis. The altered activity of Nrf2 can arise from diverse genetic and epigenetic modifications that instantly impact Nrf2 regulation. The present study aims to showcase the correlation between the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway and the progression of cancers, emphasizing genetic mutations, metabolic processes, immune regulation, and potential therapeutic strategies. This article delves into the intricacies of Nrf2 pathway anomalies in cancer, the potential ramifications of uncontrolled Nrf2 activity, and therapeutic interventions to modulate the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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Privé BM, Boussihmad MA, Timmermans B, van Gemert WA, Peters SMB, Derks YHW, van Lith SAM, Mehra N, Nagarajah J, Heskamp S, Westdorp H. Fibroblast activation protein-targeted radionuclide therapy: background, opportunities, and challenges of first (pre)clinical studies. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:1906-1918. [PMID: 36813980 PMCID: PMC10199876 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06144-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is highly overexpressed in stromal tissue of various cancers. While FAP has been recognized as a potential diagnostic or therapeutic cancer target for decades, the surge of radiolabeled FAP-targeting molecules has the potential to revolutionize its perspective. It is presently hypothesized that FAP targeted radioligand therapy (TRT) may become a novel treatment for various types of cancer. To date, several preclinical and case series have been reported on FAP TRT using varying compounds and showing effective and tolerant results in advanced cancer patients. Here, we review the current (pre)clinical data on FAP TRT and discuss its perspective towards broader clinical implementation. METHODS: A PubMed search was performed to identify all FAP tracers used for TRT. Both preclinical and clinical studies were included if they reported on dosimetry, treatment response or adverse events. The last search was performed on July 22 2022. In addition, a database search was performed on clinical trial registries (date 15th of July 2022) to search for prospective trials on FAP TRT. RESULTS In total, 35 papers were identified that were related to FAP TRT. This resulted in the inclusion of the following tracers for review: FAPI-04, FAPI-46, FAP-2286, SA.FAP, ND-bisFAPI, PNT6555, TEFAPI-06/07, FAPI-C12/C16, and FSDD. CONCLUSION To date, data was reported on more than 100 patients that were treated with different FAP targeted radionuclide therapies such as [177Lu]Lu-FAPI-04, [90Y]Y-FAPI-46, [177Lu]Lu-FAP-2286, [177Lu]Lu-DOTA.SA.FAPI and [177Lu]Lu-DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2. In these studies, FAP targeted radionuclide therapy has resulted in objective responses in difficult to treat end stage cancer patients with manageable adverse events. Although no prospective data is yet available, these early data encourages further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan M Privé
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, PO Box 9101, Radboudumc, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Mohamed A Boussihmad
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, PO Box 9101, Radboudumc, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Timmermans
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, PO Box 9101, Radboudumc, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Willemijn A van Gemert
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, PO Box 9101, Radboudumc, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Steffie M B Peters
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, PO Box 9101, Radboudumc, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne H W Derks
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, PO Box 9101, Radboudumc, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne A M van Lith
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, PO Box 9101, Radboudumc, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Niven Mehra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - James Nagarajah
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, PO Box 9101, Radboudumc, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Heskamp
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, PO Box 9101, Radboudumc, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Harm Westdorp
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, PO Box 9101, Radboudumc, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Goesmann L, Refaian N, Bosch JJ, Heindl LM. Characterization and Quantitation of the Tumor Microenvironment of Uveal Melanoma. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:738. [PMID: 37237550 PMCID: PMC10215936 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is a highly malignant tumor of the eye. Metastatic spread of UM occurs almost exclusively via blood vessels and is of tremendous interest, as half of the patients with uveal melanoma die of metastasis in the long run. The tumor microenvironment consists of all cellular and non-cellular compounds of a solid tumor, except for the tumor cells. This study aims to provide a more detailed understanding of the tumor microenvironment of UM to build the foundation for new therapeutic targets. Fluorescence immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the localization of various cell types in the tumor microenvironment in UM. Furthermore, the presence of LAG-3 and its ligands Galectine-3 and LSECtin was examined to evaluate the potential efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor-based therapies. The main findings are that blood vessels are mainly located in the middle of the tumor, and that immune cells are mostly found in the outer section of the tumor. LAG-3 and Galectine-3 were found to be highly represented, whereas LSECtin barely occurred in UM. Both the predominant location of tumor-associated macrophages in the outer section of the tumor and the high presence of LAG-3 and Galectine-3 in the UM serve as attainable therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Goesmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (L.G.); (J.J.B.); (L.M.H.)
| | - Nasrin Refaian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (L.G.); (J.J.B.); (L.M.H.)
| | - Jacobus J. Bosch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (L.G.); (J.J.B.); (L.M.H.)
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Centre for Human Drug Research, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ludwig M. Heindl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (L.G.); (J.J.B.); (L.M.H.)
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, 50937 Cologne, Germany
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Saha G, Roy S, Basu M, Ghosh MK. USP7 - a crucial regulator of cancer hallmarks. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188903. [PMID: 37127084 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Over the course of three decades of study, the deubiquitinase Herpesvirus associated Ubiquitin-Specific Protease/Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 7 (HAUSP/USP7) has gradually come to be recognized as a crucially important molecule in cellular physiology. The fact that USP7 is overexpressed in a number of cancers, including breast, prostate, colorectal, and lung cancers, supports the idea that USP7 is also an important regulator of tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss USP7's function in relation to the cancer hallmarks described by Hanahan and Weinberg. This post-translational modifier can support increased proliferation, block unfavorable growth signals, stop cell death, and support an unstable cellular genome by manipulating key players in the pertinent signalling circuit. It is interesting to note that USP7 also aids in the stabilization of molecules that support angiogenesis and metastasis. Targeting USP7 has now emerged as a crucial component of USP7 research because pharmacological inhibition of USP7 supports p53-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Efficacious USP7 inhibition is currently being investigated in both synthetic and natural compounds, but issues with selectivity and a lack of co-crystal structure have hindered USP7 inhibition from being tested in clinical settings. Moreover, the development of new, more effective USP7 inhibitors and their encouraging implications by numerous groups give us a glimmer of hope for USP7-targeting medications as effective substitutes for hazardous cancer chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gouranga Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, PIN - 700032, India
| | - Srija Roy
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, PIN - 700032, India
| | - Malini Basu
- Department of Microbiology, Dhruba Chand Halder College, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, PIN - 743372, India
| | - Mrinal K Ghosh
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, PIN - 700032, India.
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Luo S, Du S, Tao M, Cao J, Cheng P. Insights on hematopoietic cell kinase: An oncogenic player in human cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114339. [PMID: 36736283 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic cell kinase (Hck) is a member of the Src family and is expressed in hematopoietic cells. By regulating multiple signaling pathways, HCK can interact with multiple receptors to regulate signaling events involved in cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. However, aberrant expression of Hck in various hematopoietic cells and solid tumors plays a crucial role in tumor-related properties, including cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In addition, Hck signaling regulates the function of immune cells such as macrophages, contributing to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. The clinical success of various kinase inhibitors targeting the Src kinase family has validated the efficacy of targeting Src, and therapies with highly selective Hck kinase inhibitors are in clinical trials. This article reviews Hck inhibition as an emerging cancer treatment strategy, focusing on the expressions and functions of Hck in tumors and its impact on the tumor microenvironment. It also explores preclinical and clinical pharmacological strategies for Hck targeting to shed light on Hck-targeted tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Shaonan Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Mei Tao
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, 300060 Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyuan Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China.
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Dlamini Z, Khanyile R, Molefi T, Damane BP, Bates DO, Hull R. Genomic Interplay between Neoneurogenesis and Neoangiogenesis in Carcinogenesis: Therapeutic Interventions. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061805. [PMID: 36980690 PMCID: PMC10046518 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the generation of new blood vessels, is one of the hallmarks of cancer. The growing tumor requires nutrients and oxygen. Recent evidence has shown that tumors release signals to attract new nerve fibers and stimulate the growth of new nerve fibers. Neurogenesis, neural extension, and axonogenesis assist in the migration of cancer cells. Cancer cells can use both blood vessels and nerve fibers as routes for cells to move along. In this way, neurogenesis and angiogenesis both contribute to cancer metastasis. As a result, tumor-induced neurogenesis joins angiogenesis and immunosuppression as aberrant processes that are exacerbated within the tumor microenvironment. The relationship between these processes contributes to cancer development and progression. The interplay between these systems is brought about by cytokines, neurotransmitters, and neuromodulators, which activate signaling pathways that are common to angiogenesis and the nervous tissue. These include the AKT signaling pathways, the MAPK pathway, and the Ras signaling pathway. These processes also both require the remodeling of tissues. The interplay of these processes in cancer provides the opportunity to develop novel therapies that can be used to target these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zodwa Dlamini
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Correspondence: (Z.D.); (R.H.)
| | - Richard Khanyile
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Thulo Molefi
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Botle Precious Damane
- Department of Surgery, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - David Owen Bates
- Centre for Cancer Sciences, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Rodney Hull
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Correspondence: (Z.D.); (R.H.)
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Fitzgerald KN, Motzer RJ, Lee CH. Adjuvant therapy options in renal cell carcinoma - targeting the metastatic cascade. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:179-193. [PMID: 36369389 PMCID: PMC10921989 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00666-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is primarily managed with nephrectomy, which is performed with curative intent. However, disease recurs in ~20% of patients. Treatment with adjuvant therapies is used after surgery with the intention of curing additional patients by disrupting the establishment, maturation or survival of micrometastases, processes collectively referred to as the metastatic cascade. Immune checkpoint inhibitors and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have shown efficacy in the treatment of metastatic RCC, increasing the interest in the utility of these agents in the adjuvant setting. Pembrolizumab, an inhibitor of the immune checkpoint PD1, is now approved by the FDA and is under review by European regulatory agencies for the adjuvant treatment of patients with localized resected clear cell RCC based on the results of the KEYNOTE-564 trial. However, the optimal use of immunotherapy and VEGFR-targeting TKIs for adjuvant treatment of RCC is not completely understood. These agents disrupt the metastatic cascade at multiple steps, providing biological rationale for further investigating the applications of these therapeutics in the adjuvant setting. Clinical trials to evaluate adjuvant therapeutics in RCC are ongoing, and clinical considerations must guide the practical use of immunotherapy and TKI agents for the adjuvant treatment of localized resected RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly N Fitzgerald
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Motzer
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chung-Han Lee
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Inhalant cannabidiol impedes tumor growth through decreased tumor stemness and impaired angiogenic switch in NCI-H1437-induced human lung cancer model. Hum Cell 2023; 36:1204-1210. [PMID: 36737540 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00869-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the most chronic form of cancer and the leading cause of cancer mortality in the world. Despite significant improvements in the treatment of lung cancer, the current therapeutic interventions are only partially effective, necessitating the continued search for better, novel alternative treatments. Angiogenesis and cancer stem cells play a central role in the initiation and propagation of cancers. Tumor angiogenesis is triggered by an angiogenic switch when pro-angiogenic factors exceed anti-angiogenic components. Although many anti-angiogenic agents are used in cancer treatment, there are therapeutic limitations with significant side effects. In recent years, cannabinoids have been investigated extensively for their potential anti-neoplastic effects. Our previous findings showed that cannabidiol (CBD) could impede tumor growth in mouse models of melanoma and glioblastoma. Importantly, CBD has been suggested to possess anti-angiogenic activity. In this study, we tested, for the first time, inhalant CBD in the treatment of heterotopic lung cancer and whether such potential effects could reduce cancer stem cell numbers and inhibit tumor angiogenesis. We implanted NCI H1437 human lung cancer cells in nude mice and treated the mice with inhalant CBD or placebo. The outcomes were measured by tumor size and imaging, as well as by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometric analysis for CD44, VEGF, and P-selectin. Our findings showed that CBD decreased tumor growth rate and suppressed expression of CD44 and the angiogenic factors VEGF and P-selectin. These results suggest, for the first time, that inhalant CBD can impede lung cancer growth by suppressing CD44 and angiogenesis.
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Zhang L, Liu J, Deng M, Chen X, Jiang L, Zhang J, Tao L, Yu W, Qiu Y. Enterococcus faecalis promotes the progression of colorectal cancer via its metabolite: biliverdin. J Transl Med 2023; 21:72. [PMID: 36732757 PMCID: PMC9896694 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03929-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterococcus faecalis (Efa) has been shown to be a "driver bacteria" in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aims to explore the effect of specific metabolites of Efa on CRC. METHODS The pro-tumor effects of Efa were assessed in colonic epithelial cells. The tumor-stimulating molecule produced by Efa was identified using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The proliferative effect of metabolites on CRC cells in vitro was assayed as well. The concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Tubular formation assay of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and cell migration assay were applied to study angiogenesis. Additionally, western blot analysis was used to investigate key regulatory proteins involved in the angiogenesis pathway. Tumor growth was assessed using mouse models with two CRC cells and human colon cancer organoid. RESULTS Co-incubation with the conditioned medium of Efa increased the proliferation of cultured CRC cells. Biliverdin (BV) was determined as the key metabolite produced by Efa using LC-MS screening. BV promoted colony formation and cell proliferation and inhibited cell cycle arrest of cultured CRC cells. BV significantly increased the expression level of IL-8 and VEGFA by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, leading to the acceleration of angiogenesis in CRC. The up-regulation of proliferation and angiogenesis by BV were also confirmed in mice. CONCLUSION In conclusion, BV, as the tumor-stimulating metabolite of Efa, generates proliferative and angiogenic effects on CRC, which is mainly mediated by the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XState Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XState Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingxia Deng
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XState Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangliu Chen
- grid.417397.f0000 0004 1808 0985Department of Gastric Surgery, Institute of Cancer Research and Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lushun Jiang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XState Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Zhang
- grid.417401.70000 0004 1798 6507Center for General Practice Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lisheng Tao
- grid.452247.2Department of Gastroenterology, The People’s Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yunqing Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Bioactive lipid-nanoparticles with inherent self-therapeutic and anti-angiogenic properties for cancer therapy. Acta Biomater 2023; 157:500-510. [PMID: 36535568 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis inhibition has become a promising therapeutical strategy for cancer treatment. Current clinical anti-angiogenesis treatment includes antibodies against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or VEGF receptor, fusion proteins with high affinity to VEGF receptor, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors of VEGF receptor. However, current treatments are prone to systemic toxicity or acquiring drug resistance. A natural bioactive lipid 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn‑glycero-3-phosphate (dipalmitoyl phosphatidic acid, DPPA) was reported to exhibit anti-angiogenic and anti-tumoral activity. However, the hydrophobic property of DPPA largely restricted its clinical use, while systemic infusion of free DPPA could result in undesirable side effects. Herein, we successfully developed DPPA-based lipid-nanoparticles (DPPA-LNPs) which turns the "therapeutic payload into nanocarrier". This strategy could improve on DPPA's hydrophiliciy, thereby facilitating its systemic administration. . DPPA-LNPs not only retained the therapeutic anti-angiogenic and anti-tumoral bioactivity of parental DPPA, but also greatly improved its tumor targeting ability via enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. This strategy not only eliminates the limitation of drug encapsulation rate, toxicity of the delivery vehicle; but also enhances DPPA bioacvtity in vitro and in vivo. Systemic administration of DPPA-LNPs significantly suppressed the blood vessel formation and tumor growth of triple negative breast cancer and liver cancer growth on both xenograft tumor models. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This is the first-in-kind self-therapeutic inherent lipid to be made into a nanocarrier, with inherent anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor properties. DPPA nanocarrier is fully natural, fully compatible with minimal systemic toxicity. DPPA nanocarrier can accumulate at high concentration at tumor via EPR effect, exerting both anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor effects in vivo. DPPA nanocarrier could be used to encapsulate biologics or small molecules for synergistic anti-cancer therapy.
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Cunningham C, Bolcaen J, Bisio A, Genis A, Strijdom H, Vandevoorde C. Recombinant Endostatin as a Potential Radiosensitizer in the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:219. [PMID: 37259367 PMCID: PMC9961924 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most prevalent type of lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Over the past decades, tumour angiogenesis has been intensely studied in the treatment of NSCLC due to its fundamental role in cancer progression. Several anti-angiogenic drugs, such as recombinant endostatin (RE), have been evaluated in several preclinical and clinical trials, with mixed and often disappointing results. However, there is currently an emerging interest in RE due to its ability to create a vascular normalization window, which could further improve treatment efficacy of the standard NSCLC treatment. This review provides an overview of preclinical and clinical studies that combined RE and radiotherapy for NSCLC treatment. Furthermore, it highlights the ongoing challenges that have to be overcome in order to maximize the benefit; as well as the potential advantage of combinations with particle therapy and immunotherapy, which are rapidly gaining momentum in the treatment landscape of NSCLC. Different angiogenic and immunosuppressive effects are observed between particle therapy and conventional X-ray radiotherapy. The combination of RE, particle therapy and immunotherapy presents a promising future therapeutic triad for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charnay Cunningham
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7602, South Africa
- Radiation Biophysics Division, SSC Laboratory, NRF Ithemba LABS, Cape Town 7131, South Africa
| | - Julie Bolcaen
- Radiation Biophysics Division, SSC Laboratory, NRF Ithemba LABS, Cape Town 7131, South Africa
| | - Alessandra Bisio
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology—CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Amanda Genis
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7602, South Africa
| | - Hans Strijdom
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7602, South Africa
| | - Charlot Vandevoorde
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstr. 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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Zhu Y, Li X. Advances of Wnt Signalling Pathway in Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030447. [PMID: 36766788 PMCID: PMC9913588 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents one of the most common cancers worldwide, with a high mortality rate despite the decreasing incidence and new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. CRC arises from both epidemiologic and molecular backgrounds. In addition to hereditary factor and genetic mutations, the strongly varying incidence of CRC is closely linked to chronic inflammatory disorders of the intestine and terrible dietary habits. The Wnt signalling pathway is a complex regulatory network that is implicated in many CRC physiological processes, including cancer occurrence, development, prognosis, invasion, and metastasis. It is currently believed to include classical Wnt/β-catenin, Wnt/PCP, and Wnt/Ca2+. In this review, we summarise the recent mechanisms and potential regulators of the three branches of the Wnt signalling pathway in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Zhu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264200, China
| | - Xia Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264200, China
- Shandong Kelun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Binzhou 256600, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0531-8838-2612
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Loilome W, Namwat N, Jusakul A, Techasen A, Klanrit P, Phetcharaburanin J, Wangwiwatsin A. The Hallmarks of Liver Fluke Related Cholangiocarcinoma: Insight into Drug Target Possibility. Recent Results Cancer Res 2023; 219:53-90. [PMID: 37660331 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-35166-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant tumor of the biliary tree that is classified into three groups based on its anatomic location: intrahepatic (iCCA), perihilar (pCCA), and distal (dCCA). Perihilar CCA is the most common type and accounts for 50-60% of CCA cases. It is followed by distal CCA and then intrahepatic CCA that account for 20-30% and 10-20% of cases, respectively. This chapter discusses the hallmarks of liver fluke related CCA and explores insights into drug target possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watcharin Loilome
- Department of System Biosciences and Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Nisana Namwat
- Department of System Biosciences and Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Apinya Jusakul
- Faculty of Associated Medical Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Techasen
- Faculty of Associated Medical Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Poramate Klanrit
- Department of System Biosciences and Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Jutarop Phetcharaburanin
- Department of System Biosciences and Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Arporn Wangwiwatsin
- Department of System Biosciences and Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
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Konopka J, Kołodziejek D, Flont M, Żuchowska A, Jastrzębska E, Brzózka Z. Exploring Endothelial Expansion on a Chip. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:9414. [PMID: 36502120 PMCID: PMC9741423 DOI: 10.3390/s22239414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the development of new blood vessels from the existing vasculature. Its malfunction leads to the development of cancers and cardiovascular diseases qualified by the WHO as a leading cause of death worldwide. A better understanding of mechanisms regulating physiological and pathological angiogenesis will potentially contribute to developing more effective treatments for those urgent issues. Therefore, the main goal of the following study was to design and manufacture an angiogenesis-on-a-chip microplatform, including cylindrical microvessels created by Viscous Finger Patterning (VFP) technique and seeded with HUVECs. While optimizing the VFP procedure, we have observed that lumen's diameter decreases with a diminution of the droplet's volume. The influence of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) with a concentration of 5, 25, 50, and 100 ng/mL on the migration of HUVECs was assessed. VEGF's solution with concentrations varying from 5 to 50 ng/mL reveals high angiogenic potential. The spatial arrangement of cells and their morphology were visualized by fluorescence and confocal microscopy. Migration of HUVECs toward loaded angiogenic stimuli has been initiated after overnight incubation. This research is the basis for developing more complex vascularized multi-organ-on-a-chip microsystems that could potentially be used for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Konopka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Dominik Kołodziejek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Magdalena Flont
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, 02-822 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Żuchowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Jastrzębska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warszawa, Poland
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, 02-822 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Brzózka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warszawa, Poland
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The inhibition of protein translation promotes tumor angiogenic switch. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:18. [PMID: 35695994 PMCID: PMC9192909 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The ‘angiogenic switch’ is critical for tumor progression. However, the pathological details and molecular mechanisms remain incompletely characterized. In this study, we established mammal xenografts in zebrafish to visually investigate the first vessel growth (angiogenic switch) in real-time, by inoculating tumor cells into the perivitelline space of live optically transparent Transgenic (flk1:EGFP) zebrafish larvae. Using this model, we found that hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling were unnecessary for the angiogenic switch, whereas vascular endothelial growth factor A gene (Vegfa) played a crucial role. Mechanistically, transcriptome analysis showed that the angiogenic switch was characterized by inhibition of translation, but not hypoxia. Phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (Eif2α) and the expression of Vegfa were increased in the angiogenic switch microtumors, and 3D tumor spheroids, and puromycin-treated tumor cells. Vegfa overexpression promoted early onset of the angiogenic switch, whereas Vegfa knockout prevented the first tumor vessel from sprouting. Pretreatment of tumor cells with puromycin promoted the angiogenic switch in vivo similarly to Vegfa overexpression, whereas Vegfa knockdown suppressed the increase. This study provides direc and dynamic in vivo evidences that inhibition of translation, but not hypoxia or HIF signaling promotes the angiogenic switch in tumor by increasing Vegfa transcription.
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Wang D, Pei P, Shea FF, Bissonnette C, Nieto K, Din C, Liu Y, Schwendeman SP, Lin YX, Spinney R, Mallery SR. Fenretinide combines perturbation of signaling kinases, cell-extracellular matrix interactions and matrix metalloproteinase activation to inhibit invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:851-864. [PMID: 35974187 PMCID: PMC9587683 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Basement membrane invasion defines malignant transformation of surface premalignancy. Treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells with the synthetic vitamin A derivative, fenretinide (4HPR), induces numerous cancer-preventive effects including suppression of basement membrane invasion, elimination of anchorage-independent growth, disruption of actin cytoskeletal components and inhibition of the invasion-enabling focal adhesive kinase. The purpose of this study was to elucidate 4HPR's effects on additional invasion-relevant mechanisms including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activation and function, cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) attachments and interaction with a kinase that is essential for the epithelial-myoepithelial transformation i.e. c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK). Our data revealed that 4HPR binds with high affinity to the ATP-binding site of all three JNK isoforms with concurrent suppression of kinase function. Additional studies showed 4HPR treatment inhibited both OSCC cell-ECM adhesion and MMP activation and function. JNK downregulation and induced expression studies confirmed that the JNK3 isoform conveyed that largest impact on OSCC migration and invasion. Biodegradable polymeric implants formulated to preserve 4HPR's function and bioavailability were employed to assess 4HPR's chemopreventive impact on an OSCC tumor induction model. These studies revealed 4HPR local delivery significantly inhibited OSCC tumor size, mitotic indices and expression of the endothelial marker, erythroblast transformation-specific-related gene with concurrent increases in tumor apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3). Collectively, these data show that 4HPR suppresses invasion at multiple sites including 'outside-in' signaling, cell-ECM interactions and suppression of MMPs. These functions are also essential for physiologic function. Regulation is therefore essential and reinforces the pharmacologic advantage of local delivery chemopreventive formulations. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Daren Wang
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology & Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ping Pei
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology & Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Fortune F Shea
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology & Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Caroline Bissonnette
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology & Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kari Nieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Corrine Din
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yayuan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Steven P Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yan X Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Richard Spinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Susan R Mallery
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology & Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer, Columbus, OH, USA
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Identification of Specific Cervical Cancer Subtypes and Prognostic Gene Sets in Tumor and Nontumor Tissues Based on GSVA Analysis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:6951885. [PMID: 36284631 PMCID: PMC9588340 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6951885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Cervical cancer is the fourth common cancer among women. Its prognosis needs our more attention. Our purpose was to identity new prognostic gene sets to help other researchers develop more effective treatment for cervical cancer patients and improve the prognosis of patients. Methods We used gene set variation analysis (GSVA) to calculate the enrichment scores of gene sets and identified three subtypes of cervical cancer through the Cox regression model, k-means clustering algorithm, and nonnegative matrix factorization method (NMF). Chi-square test was utilized to test whether a certain clinical characteristic is different among divided subtypes. We further screened the prognostic gene sets using differential analysis, univariate Cox regression analysis, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were used to analyze which pathways and function the genes from screened gene sets enriched. Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) was used to draw the protein-protein interaction network, and Cytoscape was used to visualize the hub genes of protein-protein interaction network. Results We identified three novel subtypes of cervical cancer in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) samples and validated in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) samples. There were significant variations between the three subtypes in histological type, T stage, M stage, and N stage. T_GSE36888_UNTREATED_VS_IL2_TREATED_STAT5_AB_KNOCKIN_TCELL_2H_UP and N_HALLMARK_ANGIOGENESIS were screened prognostic gene sets. The prognostic model was as follows: riskScore = T_GSE36888_UNTREATED_VS_IL2_TREATED_STAT5_AB_KNOCKIN_TCELL_2H_UP∗ 2.617 + N_HALLMARK_ANGIOGENESIS∗ 4.860. Survival analysis presented that in these two gene sets, high enrichment scores were all significantly related to worse overall survival. The hub genes from T gene set included CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL8, ALDOA, TALDO1, LDHA, CCL4, FCAR, FCER1G, SAMSN1, LILRB1, SH3PXD2B, PPM1N, PKM, and FKBP4. As for N gene sets, the hub genes included ITGAV, PTK2, SPP1, THBD, and APOH. Conclusions Three novel subtypes and two prognostic gene sets were identified. 15 hub genes for T gene set and 5 hub genes for N gene set were discovered. Based on these findings, we can develop more and more effective treatments for cervical cancer patients. Based on the gene enriched pathways, we can development specific drugs targeting the pathways.
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Saoudi González N, Castet F, Élez E, Macarulla T, Tabernero J. Current and emerging anti-angiogenic therapies in gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary cancers. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1021772. [PMID: 36300092 PMCID: PMC9589420 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1021772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tumours are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that arise in the gastrointestinal tract and hepatobiliary system. Their incidence is rising globally and they currently represent the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Anti-angiogenic agents have been incorporated into the treatment armamentarium of most of these malignancies and have improved survival outcomes, most notably in colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. New treatment combinations with immunotherapies and other agents have led to unprecedented benefits and are revolutionising patient care. In this review, we detail the mechanisms of action of anti-angiogenic agents and the preclinical rationale underlying their combinations with immunotherapies. We review the clinical evidence supporting their use across all gastrointestinal tumours, with a particular emphasis on colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. We discuss available biomarkers of response to these therapies and their utility in routine clinical practice. Finally, we summarise ongoing clinical trials in distinct settings and highlight the preclinical rationale supporting novel combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Teresa Macarulla
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
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Li Z, Yu Q, Zhu Q, Yang X, Li Z, Fu J. Applications of machine learning in tumor-associated macrophages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:985863. [PMID: 36211379 PMCID: PMC9538115 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.985863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of tumor-host interaction and intratumoral heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is gaining increasing attention in modern cancer therapies because it can reveal unique information about the tumor status. As tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the major immune cells infiltrating in TME, a better understanding of TAMs could help us further elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for cancer development. However, the high-dimensional and heterogeneous data in biology limit the extensive integrative analysis of cancer research. Machine learning algorithms are particularly suitable for oncology data analysis due to their flexibility and scalability to analyze diverse data types and strong computation power to learn underlying patterns from massive data sets. With the application of machine learning in analyzing TME, especially TAM’s traceable status, we could better understand the role of TAMs in tumor biology. Furthermore, we envision that the promotion of machine learning in this field could revolutionize tumor diagnosis, treatment stratification, and survival predictions in cancer research. In this article, we described key terms and concepts of machine learning, reviewed the applications of common methods in TAMs, and highlighted the challenges and future direction for TAMs in machine learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Radiation Oncology Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qijun Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhu
- Radiation Oncology Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Radiation Oncology Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaobin Li
- Radiation Oncology Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Radiation Oncology Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Fu,
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Obesity and cancer-extracellular matrix, angiogenesis, and adrenergic signaling as unusual suspects linking the two diseases. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:517-547. [PMID: 36074318 PMCID: PMC9470659 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10058-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an established risk factor for several human cancers. Given the association between excess body weight and cancer, the increasing rates of obesity worldwide are worrisome. A variety of obesity-related factors has been implicated in cancer initiation, progression, and response to therapy. These factors include circulating nutritional factors, hormones, and cytokines, causing hyperinsulinemia, inflammation, and adipose tissue dysfunction. The impact of these conditions on cancer development and progression has been the focus of extensive literature. In this review, we concentrate on processes that can link obesity and cancer, and which provide a novel perspective: extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, and adrenergic signaling. We describe molecular mechanisms involved in these processes, which represent putative targets for intervention. Liver, pancreas, and breast cancers were chosen as exemplary disease models. In view of the expanding epidemic of obesity, a better understanding of the tumorigenic process in obese individuals might lead to more effective treatments and preventive measures.
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Nemeth DV, Baldini E, Sorrenti S, D’Andrea V, Bellini MI. Cancer Metabolism and Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Two Sides of the Same Coin. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11175096. [PMID: 36079025 PMCID: PMC9457267 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are characterized by the reprogramming of certain cell metabolisms via activation of definite pathways and regulation of gene signaling. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is characterized by tissue damage and death following a lack of perfusion and oxygenation. It is most commonly seen in the setting of organ transplantation. Interestingly, the microenvironments seen in cancer and ischemic tissues are quite similar, especially due to the hypoxic state that occurs in both. As a consequence, there is genetic signaling involved in response to IRI that has common pathways with cancer. Some of these changes are seen across the board with many cancer cells and are known as Hallmarks of Cancer, among which are aerobic glycolysis and the induction of angiogenesis. This literature review aims to compare the metabolic pathways that are altered in cancer tissues and in normal tissues subjected to IRI in order to find common adaptive processes and to identify key pathways that could represent a therapeutic target in both pathologies. By increasing our understanding of this relationship, clinical correlations can be made and applied practically to improve outcomes of transplanted organs, given the known association with acute rejection, delayed graft function, and poor graft survival. The following metabolic pathways are discussed in our review, both in the setting of cancer and IRI: apoptosis, glycolysis, and angiogenesis. The role of the immune system in both pathologies as well as mitochondrial function and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise V. Nemeth
- School of Osteopathic Medicine, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, TX 78235, USA
| | - Enke Baldini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sorrenti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Vito D’Andrea
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.D.); (M.I.B.)
| | - Maria Irene Bellini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.D.); (M.I.B.)
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Expression and Role of TRIM2 in Human Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9430509. [PMID: 36051486 PMCID: PMC9427271 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9430509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family proteins contain more than 80 members in humans, and most of these proteins exhibit E3 ubiquitin ligase activity mediated through a RING finger domain. Their biological functions are very complex, and they perform diverse functions in cell evolution processes, such as intracellular signaling, development, apoptosis, protein quality control, innate immunity, autophagy, and carcinogenesis. Tripartite motif-containing protein 2 (TRIM2), a member of the TRIM superfamily, is an 81 kDa multidomain protein, also known as CMT2R or RNF86, located at 4q31.3. TRIM2 functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Current studies have shown that TRIM2 can play roles in neuroprotection, neuronal rapid ischemic tolerance, antiviral responses, neurological diseases, etc. Moreover, based on some studies in tumors, TRIM2 regulates tumor proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and drug resistance through different mechanisms and plays a critical role in tumor occurrence and development. This review is aimed at providing a systematic and comprehensive summary of research on TRIM2 and at exploring the potential role of TRIM2 as a biomarker and therapeutic target in many kinds of human diseases.
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