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Huang W, Rui K, Wang X, Peng N, Zhou W, Shi X, Lu L, Hu D, Tian J. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor in immune regulation and autoimmune pathogenesis. J Autoimmun 2023; 138:103049. [PMID: 37229809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
As a ligand-activated transcription factor, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is activated by structurally diverse ligands derived from the environment, diet, microorganisms, and metabolic activity. Recent studies have demonstrated that AhR plays a key role in modulating both innate and adaptive immune responses. Moreover, AhR regulates innate immune and lymphoid cell differentiation and function, which is involved in autoimmune pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the mechanism of activation of AhR and its mediated functional regulation in various innate immune and lymphoid cell populations, as well as the immune-regulatory effect of AhR in the development of autoimmune diseases. In addition, we highlight the identification of AhR agonists and antagonists that may serve as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ke Rui
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Na Peng
- Department of Rheumatology and Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaofei Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital and School of Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, China
| | - Dajun Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.
| | - Jie Tian
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Fu Y, Yin Y, Xu K. Modulating AHR function offers exciting therapeutic potential in gut immunity and inflammation. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:85. [PMID: 37179416 PMCID: PMC10182712 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01046-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a classical exogenous synthetic ligand of AHR that has significant immunotoxic effects. Activation of AHR has beneficial effects on intestinal immune responses, but inactivation or overactivation of AHR can lead to intestinal immune dysregulation and even intestinal diseases. Sustained potent activation of AHR by TCDD results in impairment of the intestinal epithelial barrier. However, currently, AHR research has been more focused on elucidating physiologic AHR function than on dioxin toxicity. The appropriate level of AHR activation plays a role in maintaining gut health and protecting against intestinal inflammation. Therefore, AHR offers a crucial target to modulate intestinal immunity and inflammation. Herein, we summarize our current understanding of the relationship between AHR and intestinal immunity, the ways in which AHR affects intestinal immunity and inflammation, the effects of AHR activity on intestinal immunity and inflammation, and the effect of dietary habits on intestinal health through AHR. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic role of AHR in maintaining gut homeostasis and relieving inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yadong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Yawei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
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3,3'-Diindolylmethane Augments 5-Fluorouracil-InducedGrowth Suppression in Gastric Cancer Cells through Suppression of the Akt/GSK-3 β and WNT/Beta-Catenin. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2023; 2023:8268955. [PMID: 36785670 PMCID: PMC9922186 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8268955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most lethal cancers in South Korea, and it is a cancer of concern worldwide. 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) is commonly used as the first-line therapy for advanced GC; however, its side effects often limit the dosage range and impair patients' quality of life. Due to the limitations of current chemotherapy, new anticancer therapies are urgently needed. 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) has been reported to have the ability to protect against various types of cancer. Our study aimed to elucidate the anticancer effect of DIM in GC when treated with the chemotherapeutic agent 5-Fu. In our results, combined treatment with DIM and 5-Fu resulted in higher apoptosis and lower cell proliferation than treatment with 5-Fu in SNU484 and SNU638 cell lines. Furthermore, when DIM and 5-Fu were administered together, cell invasion was diminished by mediated E-cadherin, MMP-9, and uPA; p-Akt and p-GSK-3β levels were reduced more significantly than when 5-Fu was administered alone. Moreover, in the Wnt signaling pathway, combined treatment of DIM and 5-Fu diminished β-catenin levels in the nucleus and inhibited cyclin D1and c-Myc protein levels. The Akt inhibitor, wortmannin, further inhibited the levels of β-catenin and c-Myc that were inhibited by DIM and 5-Fu. Furthermore, an animal xenograft model demonstrated that DIM combined with 5-Fu considerably reduced tumor growth without any toxic effects by regulating the Akt/GSK-3β and β-catenin levels. Our findings suggest that DIM significantly potentiates the anticancer effects of 5-Fu by targeting the Akt/GSK-3β and WNT/β-catenin because the combination therapy is more effective than 5-Fu alone, thereby offering an innovative potential therapy for patients with GC.
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TAGLN2 Promotes the Proliferation, Migration, Invasion, and EMT of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Through the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. Biochem Genet 2022:10.1007/s10528-022-10319-z. [PMID: 36547768 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10319-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The effect of Transgelin 2 (TAGLN2) on clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is unknown. This study explored the potential role and mechanism of ccRCC. The expression of TAGLN2 in Pan-cancers was analyzed using the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. TCGA-KIRC database was used to analyze subsequent prognostic survival, pathway enrichment, and immune infiltration. Relevant experimental methods could explain the effect of TAGLN2 expression on tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. Apoptosis, proliferation, Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway-related protein expression were determined through western blotting. In the TCGA + GTEx database, mRNA-TAGLN2 expression was clearly increased in pan-cancer tissues, and the same result was found in ccRCC patients based on KIRC analysis results. In addition, TAGLN2 was associated with poor clinical stage, pathological grade, and survival prognosis. TAGLN2 is highly expressed in ccRCC tissues and in vitro TAGLN2 silencing of cells inhibits the proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of ccRCC cancer cells. Furthermore, TAGLN2-related differential genes enriched in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway were negatively regulated after TAGLN2 silencing. Moreover, TAGLN2 may promote tumor immune escape and increase the risk of distant metastasis in immune infiltration-related analyses. TAGLN2 can be used as a single indicator to explain the survival probability of patients with ccRCC. In vitro TAGLN2 silencing inhibited the malignant properties of ccRCC by blocking the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In addition, TAGLN2 contributes to tumor immune escape and may be a potential therapeutic target for ccRCC.
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An overview of aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands in the Last two decades (2002–2022): A medicinal chemistry perspective. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114845. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Agrawal MY, Gaikwad S, Srivastava S, Srivastava SK. Research Trend and Detailed Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms of Food Bioactive Compounds against Cancer: A Comprehensive Review with Special Emphasis on Probiotics. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225482. [PMID: 36428575 PMCID: PMC9688469 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In an attempt to find a potential cure for cancer, scientists have been probing the efficacy of the food we eat and its bioactive components. Over the decades, there has been an exponentially increasing trend of research correlating food and cancer. This review explains the molecular mechanisms by which bioactive food components exhibit anticancer effects in several cancer models. These bioactive compounds are mainly plant based or microbiome based. While plants remain the primary source of these phytochemicals, little is known about probiotics, i.e., microbiome sources, and their relationships with cancer. Thus, the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effect of probiotics are discussed in this review. The principal mode of cell death for most food bioactives is found to be apoptosis. Principal oncogenic signaling axes such as Akt/PI3K, JAK/STAT, and NF-κB seem to be modulated due to these bioactives along with certain novel targets that provide a platform for further oncogenic research. It has been observed that probiotics have an immunomodulatory effect leading to their chemopreventive actions. Various foods exhibit better efficacy as complete extracts than their individual phytochemicals, indicating an orchestrated effect of the food components. Combining bioactive agents with available chemotherapies helps synergize the anticancer action of both to overcome drug resistance. Novel techniques to deliver bioactive agents enhance their therapeutic response. Such combinations and novel approaches are also discussed in this review. Notably, most of the food components that have been studied for cancer have shown their efficacy in vivo. This bolsters the claims of these studies and, thus, provides us with hope of discovering anticancer agents in the food that we eat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Yogendra Agrawal
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
- Center for Tumor Immunology and Targeted Cancer Therapy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
| | - Shreyas Gaikwad
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
- Center for Tumor Immunology and Targeted Cancer Therapy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
| | | | - Sanjay K. Srivastava
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
- Center for Tumor Immunology and Targeted Cancer Therapy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-325-696-0464; Fax: +1-325-676-3875
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Shilpa G, Lakshmi S, Jamsheena V, Lankalapalli RS, Prakash V, Sadasivam A, Priya S. Studies on the mode of action of synthetic diindolylmethane derivatives against triple negative breast cancer cells. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 131:224-240. [PMID: 35750657 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a metabolic product of indole-3-carbinol (I3C), the major phytochemicals present in cruciferous vegetables, which can modulate multiple signalling pathways in cancer. The present study deals with the mechanism of action of two synthetic biaryl conjugates of DIM in triple negative breast cancer cells. Out of twelve DIM derivatives tested, two compounds, DIM-1 and DIM-4, exhibit cytotoxicity with GI50 values of 9.83±0.2195 μM and 8.726±0.5234 μM, respectively, in 2D culture. In 3D culture, DIM-1 and DIM-4 show GI50 values of 24.000±0.7240 μM and 19.230±0.3754 μM, respectively. The non-toxic nature of the compounds was also established by the toxicity studies using the zebrafish model system. The two compounds induced apoptosis and anoikis in the cancer cells, which was confirmed by morphological analysis, nuclear fragmentation, membrane integrity assay, caspase activity measurements, and modulation of pro/anti-apoptotic proteins. The compounds inhibited cell migration and MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities indicating their anti-metastatic property. They also reduced the expression of active Ras, phosphorylated forms of PI3K, Akt and mTOR. Immunofluorescence studies revealed the reduced expression of EGFR and pEGFR in treated cells. To conclude, DIM-1 and DIM-4 induced anti-breast cancer effects by blocking EGF receptor and subsequently inhibiting Ras-mediated PI3K-Akt-mTOR signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Shilpa
- Biochemistry Section, Agro-Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum, Kerala, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad
| | - Sreerenjini Lakshmi
- Biochemistry Section, Agro-Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum, Kerala, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad
| | - Vellekkatt Jamsheena
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum, Kerala, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad
| | - Ravi Shankar Lankalapalli
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum, Kerala, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad
| | - Ved Prakash
- Ecotoxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad
| | - Anbumani Sadasivam
- Ecotoxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad
| | - Sulochana Priya
- Biochemistry Section, Agro-Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum, Kerala, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad
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Saroha HS, Kumar Guddeti R, Jacob JP, Kumar Pulukuri K, Karyala P, Pakala SB. MORC2/β-catenin signaling axis promotes proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. Med Oncol 2022; 39:135. [PMID: 35727356 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01728-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although Microrchidia 2 (MORC2) is overexpressed in many types of human cancer, its role in breast cancer progression remains unknown. Here, we report that the chromatin remodeler MORC2 expression positively correlates with β-catenin expression in breast cancer cell lines and patients. Overexpression of MORC2 augmented the expression of β-catenin and its target genes, cyclin D1 and c-Myc. Consistent with these results, we found MORC2 knockdown resulted in decreased expression of β-catenin and its target genes. Surprisingly, we observed that c-Myc, the target gene of β-catenin, regulated the MORC2-β-catenin signaling axis through a feedback mechanism. We demonstrated that MORC2 regulates β-catenin expression and function by modulating the phosphorylation of AKT. In addition, we observed reduced proliferation and migration of MORC2 overexpressing breast cancer cells upon β-catenin inhibition. Overall, our results demonstrate that MORC2 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation and migration by regulating β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Singh Saroha
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Karakambadi Road, Mangalam, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India
| | - Rohith Kumar Guddeti
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Karakambadi Road, Mangalam, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India
| | - Jasmine P Jacob
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Karakambadi Road, Mangalam, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India
| | - Kiran Kumar Pulukuri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Karakambadi Road, Mangalam, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India
| | - Prashanthi Karyala
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Allied Health Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, 560054, India
| | - Suresh B Pakala
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Karakambadi Road, Mangalam, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India.
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Ma W, Ye L, Zhong C, Li J, Ye F, Lv L, Yu Y, Jiang S, Zhou P. Kynurenine produced by tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase metabolism promotes glioma progression through an aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent signaling pathway. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1577-1587. [PMID: 35702760 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The current studies associated with tumor biology continue to describe a high correlation between tryptophan (Trp) metabolism and tumor progression. These findings reflect the complex underlying mechanism of tumor development and highlight the need to explore additional drug targets for carcinoma-associated diseases. In our study, we reported that elevated Trp metabolism was observed in highly malignant glioma tumor tissues from patients. The elevated Trp metabolism in glioma cells were induced by the overexpression of Trp 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (TDO2), which further contributed to the production of the metabolite kynurenine (Kyn). Subsequently, the Kyn derived from Trp metabolism was able to mediate the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and downstream PI3K/AKT signals, resulting in the strengthening of tumor stemness and growth. Meanwhile, the activation of the AhR could promote the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gliomas through a TGF-β-dependent mechanism, leading to enhanced tumor invasion in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of the AhR using StemRegenin 1 was demonstrated to suppress glioma growth and improve the outcome of traditional chemotherapy in subcutaneous tumor-bearing mice, representing a promising therapeutic target for clinical glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Ma
- Department of neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu City, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Ye
- Department of Oral Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuanhong Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- Department of neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu City, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Deyang, Deyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Lv
- Department of neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu City, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu City, Sichuan, China
| | - Shu Jiang
- Department of neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu City, Sichuan, China
| | - Peizhi Zhou
- Department of neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu City, Sichuan, China
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Li Q, Xia B, Wu J, Yuan X, Lu X, Huang C, Gu H, Zheng K, You Q, Liu K. Indole-3-Carbinol (I3C) Protects the Heart From Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cellular Apoptosis in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:924174. [PMID: 35734410 PMCID: PMC9208008 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.924174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Strategies for treating myocardial ischemia in the clinic usually include re-canalization of the coronary arteries to restore blood supply to the myocardium. However, myocardial reperfusion insult often leads to oxidative stress and inflammation, which in turn leads to apoptosis and necrosis of myocardial cells, for which there are no standard treatment methods. The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacological effect of indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a phytochemical found in most cruciferous vegetables, in a mouse model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI). Our results showed that I3C pretreatment (100 mg/kg, once daily, i. p.) prevented the MIRI-induced increase in infarct size and serum creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in mice. I3C pretreatment also suppressed cardiac apoptosis in MIRI mice by increasing the expression levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and decreasing the expression levels of several apoptotic proteins, including Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9. In addition, I3C pretreatment was found to reduce the levels of parameters reflecting oxidative stress, such as dihydroethidium (DHE), malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO), while increasing the levels of parameters reflecting anti-oxidation, such as total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and glutathione (GSH), in MIRI-induced ischemic heart tissue. I3C pretreatment was also able to remarkably decrease the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA in ischemic heart tissue. These results demonstrate that administration of I3C protects the heart from MIRI through its anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Boyu Xia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hongcheng Gu
- Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Koulong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qingsheng You
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Qingsheng You, ; Kun Liu,
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Qingsheng You, ; Kun Liu,
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Tan YQ, Wang YN, Feng HY, Guo ZY, Li X, Nie XL, Zhao YY. Host/microbiota interactions-derived tryptophan metabolites modulate oxidative stress and inflammation via aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 184:30-41. [PMID: 35367341 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that induces the expression of a broad range of downstream genes such as cytochromes P450 enzymes and cyclooxygenase-2. Recent research focuses are shifting from AhR activation induced by xenobiotics to its response patterns to physiological ligands that expand our understanding of how endogenous metabolites as ligands to modulate AhR signaling pathway under homeostasis and pathological conditions. With increasing interest in AhR and its endogenous ligands, it would seem advisable to summarize a variety of endogenous ligands especially host/gut microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites. Mounting evidence has indicated that AhR play a critical role in the regulation of redox homeostasis and immune responses. In this review, we outline the canonical and non-canonical AhR signalling pathway that is mediated by host/gut microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites. Through several typical endogenous AhR ligands, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of AhR-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathological milieu, including diabetes, diabetic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. Finally, we summarize and emphasize the limitations and breakthrough of endogenous AhR ligands from host/microbial tryptophan catabolites. This review might provide novel diagnostic and prognostic approach for refractory human diseases and establish new therapeutic strategies for AhR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Qi Tan
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Yan-Ni Wang
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Hao-Yu Feng
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Guo
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Xia Li
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China; Department of General Practice, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Northwest University, No. 777 Xitai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710100, China.
| | - Xiao-Li Nie
- Department of Nephrology, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, No.13, Shi Liu Gang Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510315, China.
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
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12
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Curran CS, Kopp JB. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Mechanisms Affecting Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:782199. [PMID: 35237156 PMCID: PMC8882872 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.782199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that binds diverse endogenous and xenobiotic ligands, which regulate AHR stability, transcriptional activity, and cell signaling. AHR activity is strongly implicated throughout the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Many diverse organic molecules bind and activate AHR and these ligands are reported to either promote glomerular and tubular damage or protect against kidney injury. AHR crosstalk with estrogen, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, and NF-κB pathways may contribute to the diversity of AHR responses during the various forms and stages of CKD. The roles of AHR in kidney fibrosis, metabolism and the renin angiotensin system are described to offer insight into CKD pathogenesis and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen S. Curran
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Colleen S. Curran,
| | - Jeffrey B. Kopp
- Kidney Disease Section, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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13
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Liu F, Tang L, Tao M, Cui C, He D, Li L, Liao Y, Gao Y, He J, Sun F, Lin H, Li H. Stichoposide C Exerts Anticancer Effects on Ovarian Cancer by Inducing Autophagy via Inhibiting AKT/mTOR Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:87-101. [PMID: 35087279 PMCID: PMC8789324 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s340556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Liu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lumin Tang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengyu Tao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecology Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang Cui
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di He
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People’s Republic of China
| | - Longxia Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yahui Liao
- Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yamin Gao
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing He
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Sun
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Houwen Lin
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - He Li
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: He Li; Fan Sun Tel +86 21 51322222; +86 21 68383339 Email ;
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14
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Tang H, Roy P, Di Q, Ma X, Xiao Y, Wu Z, Quan J, Zhao J, Xiao W, Chen W. Synthesis compound XCR-7a ameliorates LPS-induced inflammatory response by inhibiting the phosphorylation of c-Fos. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112468. [PMID: 34847479 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a biological process closely related to different kinds of diseases, such as cancer and metabolic diseases. Therefore, effective control of the occurrence and development of inflammation is of great significance for disease prevention and control. Recently, 2-substituted indoles have gradually become a research hotspot because of their stability and pharmacological activity. Here we synthesized a series of compound containing 2-substituted indoles and investigated XCR-7a's role in inflammatory response. Our data show that XCR-7a can inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and inflammatory mediator cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Also, XCR-7a has a protective effect on LPS-induced inflammatory response in mice. Mechanically, we found that XCR-7a could inhibit the phosphorylation of c-Fos induced by LPS, which suggested that the protective effect of XCR-7a on inflammation was related to its negative regulation to phosphorylation of c-Fos. Briefly, our results demonstrated that XCR-7a could be expected to be a potential drug for controlling inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimei Tang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical School, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Prasanta Roy
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Qianqian Di
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical School, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xingyu Ma
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical School, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical School, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zherui Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical School, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jiazheng Quan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical School, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jiajing Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical School, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Weilie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
| | - Weilin Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical School, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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15
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Donia T, Gerges MN, Mohamed TM. Anticancer Effects of Combination of Indole-3-Carbinol and Hydroxychloroquine on Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma via Targeting Autophagy and Apoptosis. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1802-1818. [PMID: 34379013 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1960388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is an active component of cruciferous vegetables which is considered a promising antineoplastic agent. This study aimed to assess I3C antineoplastic activity alone and with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) model. Eighty female mice were divided into six groups wherein all groups except groups I and II received EAC cells (106 cells/mouse i.p.). Group I, served as control; group II served as I3C; group III served as EAC; groups IV and V received I3C (250 mg/kg body weight oral), and HCQ (60 mg/kg body weight i.p.) respectively; GVI received both I3C and HCQ. Antitumor response markers, serum, hepatic and renal biochemical parameters, histopathological changes, as well as autophagy and apoptosis markers in EAC cells were analyzed. The combination of I3C and HCQ showed the best antitumor responses with increased survival time and ameliorated biochemical parameters. Moreover, I3C upregulated LC3B and downregulated p62 gene expression in EAC cells. Furthermore, I3C combined with HCQ induced apoptosis by highly upregulating cleaved caspase-3 and Bax while downregulating Bcl-2 proteins expression in EAC cells in comparison with each drug alone. In conclusion, I3C combined with HCQ exhibited better antitumor activities than each drug alone via targeting autophagy and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoria Donia
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Marian N Gerges
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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16
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Pappolla MA, Perry G, Fang X, Zagorski M, Sambamurti K, Poeggeler B. Indoles as essential mediators in the gut-brain axis. Their role in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 156:105403. [PMID: 34087380 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporadic late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia associated with aging. Due to the progressive aging of the population, AD is becoming a healthcare burden of unprecedented proportions. Twenty years ago, it was reported that some indole molecules produced by the gut microbiota possess essential biological activities, including neuroprotection and antioxidant properties. Since then, research has cemented additional characteristics of these substances, including anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, and amyloid anti-aggregation features. Herein, we summarize the evidence supporting an integrated hypothesis that some of these substances can influence the age of onset and progression of AD and are central to the symbiotic relationship between intestinal microbes and the brain. Studies have shown that some of these substances' activities result from interactions with biologically conserved pathways and with genetic risk factors for AD. By targeting multiple pathologic mechanisms simultaneously, certain indoles may be excellent candidates to ameliorate neurodegeneration. We propose that management of the microbiota to induce a higher production of neuroprotective indoles (e.g., indole propionic acid) will promote brain health during aging. This area of research represents a new therapeutic paradigm that could add functional years of life to individuals who would otherwise develop dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Pappolla
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Neurology, Galveston, TX, United States of America.
| | - George Perry
- University of Texas at San Antonio, Department of Biology, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Xiang Fang
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Neurology, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Michael Zagorski
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Chemistry, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - Kumar Sambamurti
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Neurobiology, Charleston, SC, United States of America
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17
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Shoaib S, Tufail S, Sherwani MA, Yusuf N, Islam N. Phenethyl Isothiocyanate Induces Apoptosis Through ROS Generation and Caspase-3 Activation in Cervical Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:673103. [PMID: 34393773 PMCID: PMC8358204 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.673103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The latest research shows that current chemotherapeutics are ineffective because of the development of resistance in cervical cancer cells, and hence, their scope of use is limited. The main concern of researchers at the moment is the discovery of safe and effective antiproliferative plant chemicals that can aid in the battle against cervical cancer. Previous studies have shown the possible anticancer potential of phenethyl isothiocyanate obtained from cruciferous plants for many cancers, which targets various signaling pathways to exercise chemopreventive and therapeutic effects. This provides the basis for studying phenethyl isothiocyanate's therapeutic potential against cervical cancer. In the present study, cervical cancer cells were treated with various doses of phenethyl isothiocyanate, alone and in combination with cisplatin. Phenethyl isothiocyanate alone was sufficient to cause nucleus condensation and fragmentation and induce apoptosis in cervical cancer cells, but evident synergistic effects were observed in combination with cisplatin. In addition, phenethyl isothiocyanate treatment increased the production of intracellular ROS in a dose-dependent manner in cervical cancer cells. Furthermore, investigation of phenethyl isothiocyanate induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, and activation of caspases showed that phenethyl isothiocyanate significantly activated caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoaib Shoaib
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N.M.C, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Saba Tufail
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N.M.C, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohammad Asif Sherwani
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Nabiha Yusuf
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Najmul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N.M.C, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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18
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Lin J, Sun-Waterhouse D, Cui C. The therapeutic potential of diet on immune-related diseases: based on the regulation on tryptophan metabolism. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8793-8811. [PMID: 34085885 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1934813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tryptophan (TRP), as an essential amino acid, plays crucial roles in maintaining immune homeostasis due to its complex metabolism pathway, including the microbial metabolism, 5-hydroxytryptamine and kynurenine pathways (KP). Metabolites from these pathways can act antioxidant and endogenous ligand of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (including microbiota metabolites: indole, indole aldehyde, indole acetic acid, indole acrylic acid, indole lactate, indole pyruvate acid, indole propionic acid, skatole, tryptamine, and indoxyl sulfate; and KP metabolites: kynurenine, kynurenic acid, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, xanthurenic acid, and cinnabarinic acid) for regulating immune response. In immune-related diseases, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine activates indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase, a rate-limiting enzyme of KP, leading to abnormal TRP metabolism in vivo. Many recent studies found that TRP metabolism could be regulated by diet, and the diet regulation on TRP metabolism could therapy related diseases. Accordingly, this review provides a critical overview of the relationships among diet, TRP metabolism and immunity with the aim to seek a treatment opportunity for immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Lin
- College of Food Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse
- College of Food Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun Cui
- College of Food Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Wei-Wei Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Intestinal Pathogenesis and Self-Repair in Rabbits Fed an Antibiotic-Free Diet. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061560. [PMID: 34071848 PMCID: PMC8228699 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In recent years, China imposed a total ban on the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry. This caused huge economic losses, one of the main reasons being an increase in the incidence of diseases. In this study, rabbits were used as a model to study the pathogenesis of intestinal diseases in rabbits on an antibiotic-free diet, through non-targeted metabolomics methods. The results showed that 1969 different metabolites were identified. These differential metabolites were involved in five metabolic pathways associated with intestinal inflammation (tryptophan metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, lysine degradation, and bile secretion). In summary, the use of non-antibiotic feed might cause intestinal inflammation in rabbits and activate intestinal repair. Abstract The prohibition of the use of growth-promoting drug additives in feeds was implemented in China in 2020. However, rabbits can experience symptoms of intestinal disease, such as diarrhea and flatulence, when switching from standard normal diets with antibiotics to antibiotic-free diets. The molecular mechanisms related to the occurrence of these diseases as well as associated physiological and metabolic changes in the intestine are unclear. Thus, the objectives of this study were to study the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation using untargeted metabolomics. This was done to identify differential metabolites between a group of antibiotic-free feed Hyplus rabbits (Dia) whose diet was abruptly changed from a standard normal diet with antibiotics to an antibiotic-free diet, and an antibiotic diet group Hyplus rabbits (Con) that was fed a standard normal diet with antibiotics. Morphological damage to the three intestinal tissues was determined through visual microscopic examination of intestinal Dia and Con tissue samples stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). A total of 1969 different metabolites were identified in the three intestinal tissues from Dia and Con rabbits. The level of 1280 metabolites was significantly higher and the level of 761 metabolites was significantly lower in the Dia than in the Con group. These differential metabolites were involved in five metabolic pathways associated with intestinal inflammation (tryptophan metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, lysine degradation, and bile secretion). Rabbits in the Dia group developed metabolic disorders that affected the intestinal microbiota and changed the permeability of the intestinal tract, thereby triggering intestinal inflammation, affecting feed utilization, reducing production performance, and activating the intestinal tract self-repair mechanism. Thus, the abrupt transition from a diet with antibiotics to an antibiotic-free diet affected the structure and metabolism of the intestinal tract in Hyplus rabbits. Consequently, to avoid these problems, the antibiotic content in a rabbit diet should be changed gradually or alternative antibiotics should be found.
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20
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Wang Y, Xia F, Wan H, Chen C, Chen Y, Zhang W, Wang N, Lu Y. Metabolites in the association between early-life famine exposure and type 2 diabetes in adulthood over a 5-year follow-up period. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2021; 9:9/1/e001935. [PMID: 33888542 PMCID: PMC8070877 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to malnutrition in early life has been found to significantly elevate type 2 diabetes risk in adulthood. However, the changes in metabolites resulting from malnutrition in early life have not been studied. The aim of this study was to identify metabolites with levels associated with type 2 diabetes resulting from exposure to China's Great Famine (1959-1962). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants were from SPECT-China 2014 and SPECT-China2 2019, two cross-sectional studies performed at the same site. In total, 2171 subjects participated in SPECT-China and SPECT-China2 simultaneously. The sample size of fetal-exposed (1959-1962) versus non-exposed (1963-1974) individuals was 82 vs 79 in 2014 and 97 vs 94 in 2019. Metabolomic profiling was performed between famine-exposed and non-exposed groups. RESULTS Among the different famine exposure groups, the fetal-exposed group (1959-1962) had the greatest incidence rate (12.5%), with an OR of 2.11 (95% CI 1.01 to 4.44), compared with the non-exposed group (1963-1974). Moreover, compared with those in the non-exposed group (1963-1974), four metabolites (indole-3-carbinol (I3C), phosphatidylcholine (PC) (22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/16:1(9Z)), pyrimidine, and PC(16:1(9Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))) showed significantly lower relative intensities in the famine and diabetes groups both in 2014 and 2019. Pyrimidine significantly mediated the association of famine exposure with diabetes, and I3C marginally mediated this association. CONCLUSIONS Famine exposure in the fetal period could increase type 2 diabetes risk in adults, even those in their 60s. I3C and pyrimidine are potential mediators of the effects of famine exposure on diabetes development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangzhen Xia
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Wan
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chi Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningjian Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingli Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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21
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Shi H, Sun Y, Ruan H, Ji C, Zhang J, Wu P, Li L, Huang C, Jia Y, Zhang X, Xu W, Jiang J, Qian H. 3,3'-Diindolylmethane Promotes Gastric Cancer Progression via β-TrCP-Mediated NF-κB Activation in Gastric Cancer-Derived MSCs. Front Oncol 2021; 11:603533. [PMID: 33842314 PMCID: PMC8024625 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.603533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a malignant tumor characterized by high morbidity and invasion. Surgery combined with chemo-radiotherapy is the most common treatment for gastric cancer, while multiple drug resistance always results in treatment failure. Once the anti-tumor drugs enter the tumor foci, tumor cells as well as those found in the microenvironment are affected. However, the effects of drugs on tumor microenvironment (TME) are easily overlooked. In this study, we investigated the effects of the anti-cancer drug 3,3’-diindolylmethane (DIM) on gastric cancer-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GC-MSCs) and their subsequent impact on cancer progression. Surprisingly, we found that the therapeutic concentration of DIM upregulated the expression level of tumor-related factors such as CCL-2, IL-6, and IL-8 in GC-MSCs. The conditioned medium of DIM-treated GC-MSCs promoted the proliferation, invasion, and migration of gastric cancer cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, DIM enhanced the expression of β-TrCP, an E3 ubiquitin ligase leading to IκBα degradation and NF-κB activation in GC-MSCs. The β-TrCP knockdown partially eliminated positive results caused by DIM. Our results showed that the therapeutic dosage of DIM induced cell death in cancer cells, while enhancing MSC paracrine functions in the stroma to offset the original DIM effect on cancer cells. These findings provide a new mechanism of anti-cancer drug resistance and remind us to adjust the chemotherapeutic scheme by combining the anti-cancer drug with an appropriate signaling pathway inhibitor to block the side effects of drug on targeted TME cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, China
| | - Yaoxiang Sun
- Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, China
| | - Hongru Ruan
- Department of Burn Orthopedics, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Cheng Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Peipei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Linli Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chihan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuanwang Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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22
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Ning Z, Yu S, Zhao Y, Sun X, Wu H, Yu X. Identification of miRNA-Mediated Subpathways as Prostate Cancer Biomarkers Based on Topological Inference in a Machine Learning Process Using Integrated Gene and miRNA Expression Data. Front Genet 2021; 12:656526. [PMID: 33841512 PMCID: PMC8024646 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.656526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurately identifying classification biomarkers for distinguishing between normal and cancer samples is challenging. Additionally, the reproducibility of single-molecule biomarkers is limited by the existence of heterogeneous patient subgroups and differences in the sequencing techniques used to collect patient data. In this study, we developed a method to identify robust biomarkers (i.e., miRNA-mediated subpathways) associated with prostate cancer based on normal prostate samples and cancer samples from a dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA; n = 546) and datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (n = 139 and n = 90, with the latter being a cell line dataset). We also obtained 10 other cancer datasets to evaluate the performance of the method. We propose a multi-omics data integration strategy for identifying classification biomarkers using a machine learning method that involves reassigning topological weights to the genes using a directed random walk (DRW)-based method. A global directed pathway network (GDPN) was constructed based on the significantly differentially expressed target genes of the significantly differentially expressed miRNAs, which allowed us to identify the robust biomarkers in the form of miRNA-mediated subpathways (miRNAs). The activity value of each miRNA-mediated subpathway was calculated by integrating multiple types of data, which included the expression of the miRNA and the miRNAs’ target genes and GDPN topological information. Finally, we identified the high-frequency miRNA-mediated subpathways involved in prostate cancer using a support vector machine (SVM) model. The results demonstrated that we obtained robust biomarkers of prostate cancer, which could classify prostate cancer and normal samples. Our method outperformed seven other methods, and many of the identified biomarkers were associated with known clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Ning
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Measuring and Control Technology and Instrumentations of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China.,School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Measuring and Control Technology and Instrumentations of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yanqiao Zhao
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Measuring and Control Technology and Instrumentations of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Measuring and Control Technology and Instrumentations of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Haibin Wu
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Measuring and Control Technology and Instrumentations of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyang Yu
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Measuring and Control Technology and Instrumentations of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China
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Sun XZ, Zhao DY, Zhou YC, Wang QQ, Qin G, Yao SK. Alteration of fecal tryptophan metabolism correlates with shifted microbiota and may be involved in pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:7173-7190. [PMID: 33362375 PMCID: PMC7723673 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i45.7173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut tryptophan (Trp) metabolites are produced by microbiota and/or host metabolism. Some of them have been proven to promote or inhibit colorectal cancer (CRC) in vitro and animal models. We hypothesized that there is an alteration of gut Trp metabolism mediated by microbiota and that it might be involved in the pathogenesis of cancer in patients with CRC.
AIM To investigate the features of Trp metabolism in CRC and the correlation between fecal Trp metabolites and gut microbiota.
METHODS Seventy-nine patients with colorectal neoplastic lesions (33 with colon adenoma and 46 with sporadic CRC) and 38 healthy controls (HCs) meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Their demographic and clinical features were collected. Fecal Trp, kynurenine (KYN), and indoles (metabolites of Trp metabolized by gut microbiota) were examined by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Gut barrier marker and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) mRNA were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The gut microbiota was detected by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Correlations between fecal metabolites and other parameters were examined in all patients.
RESULTS The absolute concentration of KYN [1.51 (0.70, 3.46) nmol/g vs 0.81 (0.64, 1.57) nmol/g, P = 0.036] and the ratio of KYN to Trp [7.39 (4.12, 11.72) × 10-3 vs 5.23 (1.86, 7.99) × 10-3, P = 0.032] were increased in the feces of patients with CRC compared to HCs, while the indoles to Trp ratio was decreased [1.34 (0.70, 2.63) vs 2.46 (1.25, 4.10), P = 0.029]. The relative ZO-1 mRNA levels in patients with CRC (0.27 ± 0.24) were significantly lower than those in HCs (1.00 ± 0.31) (P < 0.001), and the relative IDO1 mRNA levels in patients with CRC [1.65 (0.47-2.46)] were increased (P = 0.035). IDO1 mRNA levels were positively associated with the KYN/Trp ratio (r = 0.327, P = 0.003). ZO-1 mRNA and protein levels were positively correlated with the indoles/Trp ratio (P = 0.035 and P = 0.009, respectively). In addition, the genera Asaccharobacter (Actinobacteria) and Parabacteroides (Bacteroidetes), and members of the phylum Firmicutes (Clostridium XlVb, Fusicatenibacter, Anaerofilum, and Anaerostipes) decreased in CRC and exhibited a positive correlation with indoles in all subjects.
CONCLUSION Alteration of fecal Trp metabolism mediated by microbiota is associated with intestinal barrier function and tissue Trp metabolism, and may be involved in the pathogenesis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Zhen Sun
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dong-Yan Zhao
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuan-Chen Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qian-Qian Wang
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Geng Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shu-Kun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
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Laiakis EC, McCart EA, Deziel A, Rittase WB, Bouten RM, Jha J, Wilkins WL, Day RM, Fornace AJ. Effect of 3,3'-Diindolylmethane on Pulmonary Injury Following Thoracic Irradiation in CBA Mice. HEALTH PHYSICS 2020; 119:746-757. [PMID: 32384373 PMCID: PMC8579862 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The molecule 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) is small, a major bioactive metabolite of indole-3 carbinol (13C), and a phytochemical compound from cruciferous vegetables released upon exposure to the gut acid environment. DIM is a proposed anti-cancer agent and was previously demonstrated to prevent radiation damage in the bone marrow and the gastrointestinal tract. Here we investigated the effect of DIM on radiation-induced injury to the lung in a murine model through untargeted metabolomics and gene expression studies of select genes. CBA mice were exposed to thoracic irradiation (17.5 Gy). Mice were treated with vehicle or DIM (250 mg kg, subcutaneous injection) on days -1 pre-irradiation through +14 post-irradiation. DIM induced a significant improvement in survival by day 150 post-irradiation. Fibrosis-related gene expression and metabolomics were examined using lung tissue from days 15, 45, 60, 90, and 120 post-irradiation. Our qRT-PCR experiments showed that DIM treatment reduced radiation-induced late expression of collagen Iα and the cell cycle checkpoint proteins p21/waf1 (CDKN1A) and p16ink (CDKN2A). Metabolomic studies of lung tissue demonstrated a significant dampening of radiation-induced changes following DIM treatment. Metabolites associated with pro-inflammatory responses and increased oxidative stress, such as fatty acids, were suppressed by DIM treatment compared to irradiated samples. Together these data suggest that DIM reduces radiation-induced sequelae in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evagelia C. Laiakis
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. McCart
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Annabella Deziel
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - W. Bradley Rittase
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Roxane M. Bouten
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Jyoti Jha
- Current address: Rise Therapeutics, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - W. Louis Wilkins
- Division of Comparative Pathology, the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute/Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Regina M. Day
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Albert J. Fornace
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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25
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Biersack B. 3,3'-Diindolylmethane and its derivatives: nature-inspired strategies tackling drug resistant tumors by regulation of signal transduction, transcription factors and microRNAs. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2020; 3:867-878. [PMID: 35582221 PMCID: PMC8992569 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Indoles of cruciferous vegetables are promising anti-tumor agents. Studies with indole-3-carbinol and its dimeric product, 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM), suggest that these compounds have the ability to deregulate multiple cellular signaling pathways that are essential for tumor growth and spread. These natural compounds are also effective modulators of transcription factors and non-coding RNAs. These effects explain their ability to inhibit tumor spread and to overcome drug resistance. In this work, pertinent literature on the effects of DIM and its synthetic derivatives on resistant tumors and resistance mechanisms in tumors is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Biersack
- Organic Chemistry 1, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
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26
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Shen X, Wu S, Zhang J, Li M, Xu F, Wang A, Lei Y, Zhu G. Wild‑type IDH1 affects cell migration by modulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in primary glioblastoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:1949-1957. [PMID: 32705169 PMCID: PMC7411459 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common type of brain cancer and has the highest mortality. Dysregulated expression of wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) has been demonstrated to promote the progression of primary GBM without accumulating D-2-hydroxyglutarate, which differs from IDH1 mutation-related mechanisms of tumorigenesis. Previous studies have revealed several roles of wild-type IDH1 in primary GBM, involving proliferation and apoptosis. However, the function of IDH1 in cell migration has not been investigated. In the current study, the results of bioinformatics analysis revealed that IDH1 expression was significantly upregulated in patients with primary GBM. Wound healing and Transwell assays demonstrated that IDH1 overexpression promoted cell migration in primary GBM cells and that IDH1 knockdown hindered this process. Furthermore, α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), which is the main product of IDH1-catalyzed reactions, was significantly decreased by IDH1 knockdown and upregulated by IDH1 overexpression. α-KG treatment significantly increased the migration of primary GBM cells. Additionally, RNA sequence analysis of patients with primary GBM reported significant alterations in the expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway-regulated genes, including Myc, Snail family transcriptional repressor 2 and Twist-related protein 1, which are primarily cell migration regulatory factors. Western blotting revealed that the overexpression or knockdown of IDH1 promoted or inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, respectively. α-KG treatment of primary GBM cells also promoted the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Furthermore, IDH1-overexpressing and α-KG-treated U87 cells were incubated with rapamycin, an mTOR-specific inhibitor, and the results revealed that rapamycin treatment reversed the increased cell migration caused by IDH1 overexpression and α-KG treatment. The results indicated that IDH1 regulated the migration of primary GBM cells by altering α-KG levels and that the function of the IDH1/α-KG axis may rely on PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Shen
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Shen Wu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Meng Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Ao Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Yang Lei
- Department of Inspection, Wuhu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Guoping Zhu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
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Zhu P, Yu H, Zhou K, Bai Y, Qi R, Zhang S. 3,3'-Diindolylmethane modulates aryl hydrocarbon receptor of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma to reverse epithelial-mesenchymal transition through repressing RhoA/ROCK1-mediated COX2/PGE 2 pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:113. [PMID: 32546278 PMCID: PMC7298755 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01618-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most aggressive tumors in the world. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) has been reported to promote tumor metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a vital process of conferring cancer cells capabilities of migration and invasion. However, the mechanism by which modulation of AHR can inhibit tumor metastasis remains unknown. Thus, we aim to investigate the underlying mechanism regarding reversing EMT process of ESCC through modulation of AHR. METHODS We used AHR selective modulator 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) to treat ESCC cell lines TE1 and KYSE150 so as to examine alterations of migration and invasion by wound healing and Transwell assay. Western blotting (WB) and qPCR were performed to detect relative genes and proteins changes regarding EMT process. Cell transfection was utilized for confirming pathways involved in DIM-induced reversal of EMT and in vivo assay was conducted for verification of the underlying mechanism. Co-IP assay was conducted for detecting protein-protein interactions. RESULTS AHR was overexpressed in ESCC and modulation of AHR by DIM could inhibit migration and invasion as well as downregulate mesenchymal cell markers β-Catenin, Vimentin and Slug and upregulate epithelial cell marker Claudin-1. Meanwhile, synergically overexpression of AHR, RhoA and ROCK1 correlated with poor clinical outcomes. DIM could inhibit COX2/PGE2 pathway by targeting AHR, and COX2 selective inhibitor Celecoxib could suppress EMT and metastasis. Results of PGE2 treatment were opposite to that of Celecoxib. Meanwhile, blockade of RhoA/ROCK1 pathway also exerted prohibitive effects on EMT and metastasis. WB results showed COX2/PGE2 pathway could be regulated by RhoA/ROCK1 pathway and DIM could inhibit RhoA/ROCK1 pathway through modulation of AHR. In vivo assay verified the results in vitro. Co-IP results showed DIM could modulate AHR to reverse EMT directly through inhibition of interaction between AHR and EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) so as to block RhoA/ROCK1-mediated COX2/PGE2 pathway which was connected by NF-κB. CONCLUSIONS In brief, modulation of AHR by DIM can reverse EMT process and inhibit metastasis of ESCC through repressing RhoA/ROCK1-mediated COX2/PGE2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyao Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Huayun Yu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Medical School, Shandong University, 44# Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Ruiqun Qi
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Shuguang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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Golonka RM, Xiao X, Abokor AA, Joe B, Vijay-Kumar M. Altered nutrient status reprograms host inflammation and metabolic health via gut microbiota. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 80:108360. [PMID: 32163821 PMCID: PMC7242157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of macro- and micronutrients is a complex and highly regulated biological process. An imbalance in the metabolites and their signaling networks can lead to nonresolving inflammation and consequently to the development of chronic inflammatory-associated diseases. Therefore, identifying the accumulated metabolites and altered pathways during inflammatory disorders would not only serve as "real-time" markers but also help in the development of nutritional therapeutics. In this review, we explore recent research that has delved into elucidating the effects of carbohydrate/calorie restriction, protein malnutrition, lipid emulsions and micronutrient deficiencies on metabolic health and inflammation. Moreover, we describe the integrated stress response in terms of amino acid starvation and lipemia and how this modulates new age diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and atherosclerosis. Lastly, we explain the latest research on metaflammation and inflammaging. This review focuses on multiple signaling pathways, including, but not limited to, the FGF21-β-hydroxybutryate-NLRP3 axis, the GCN2-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway, the von Hippel-Lindau/hypoxia-inducible transcription factor pathway and the TMAO-PERK-FoxO1 axis. Additionally, throughout the review, we explain how the gut microbiota responds to altered nutrient status and also how antimicrobial peptides generated from nutrient-based signaling pathways can modulate the gut microbiota. Collectively, it must be emphasized that metabolic starvation and inflammation are strongly regulated by both environmental (i.e., nutrition, gut microbiome) and nonenvironmental (i.e., genetics) factors, which can influence the susceptibility to inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Golonka
- UT Microbiome Consortium, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614
| | - Xia Xiao
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ahmed A Abokor
- UT Microbiome Consortium, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614
| | - Bina Joe
- UT Microbiome Consortium, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- UT Microbiome Consortium, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614.
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Kim OH, Lee JH, Mah S, Park SY, Hong S, Hong SS. HS‑146, a novel phosphoinositide 3‑kinase α inhibitor, induces the apoptosis and inhibits the metastatic ability of human breast cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2020; 56:1509-1520. [PMID: 32236634 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway plays an important role in human cancer as it regulates critical cellular functions, such as survival, proliferation and metabolism. In the present study, a novel PI3Kα inhibitor (HS‑146) was synthesized and its anticancer effects on MCF‑7, MDA‑MB‑231, SKBR3 and BT‑474 human breast cancer cell lines were confirmed. HS‑146 was found to be most effective in inhibiting the proliferation of MCF‑7 cells and in inducing cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase by downregulating cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin‑dependent kinase (Cdk)2 and Cdk4, and upregulating p21Waf1/Cip1 protein levels in this cell line. The induction of apoptosis by HS‑146 was confirmed by DAPI staining and western blot analysis. Cell shrinkage and nuclear condensation, which are typical morphological markers of apoptosis, were increased by HS‑146 in the MCF‑7 cells in a concentration‑dependent manner, and HS‑146 also increased the protein expression levels of cleaved poly(ADP‑ribose) polymerase (PARP) and decreased the protein expression levels of Mcl‑1 and caspase‑7. In addition, HS‑146 effectively decreased the phosphorylation levels of downstream PI3K effectors, such as Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), p70S6K1 and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E‑binding protein 1 (4E‑BP1). Hypoxia‑inducible factor (HIF)‑1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression were also suppressed by HS‑146 under hypoxic conditions, and HS‑146 inhibited the migration and invasion of MCF‑7 cells in a concentration‑dependent manner. On the whole, the findings of the present study suggest that HS‑146, a novel PI3Kα inhibitor, may be an effective novel therapeutic candidate that suppresses breast cancer proliferation and metastasis by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok Hyeon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinmee Mah
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yun Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Sun Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea
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30
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Shang Y, Wang Q, Li J, Zhao Q, Huang X, Dong H, Liu H, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Gui R, Nie X. The Acetone Indigo Red Dehydrating Agent IF203 Induces HepG2 Cell Death Through Cell Cycle Arrest, Autophagy and Apoptosis. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:473-486. [PMID: 32021291 PMCID: PMC6970269 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s232594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Isatin derivatives have extensive biological activities, such as antitumor. IF203, a novel isatin derivative, has not previously been reported to have antitumor activity. Methods Acid phosphatase assays (APAs) and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry were used to detect the proliferation of HepG2 cells. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) was applied to detect ultrastructural changes. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detect cell cycle, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of HepG2 cells in vitro. TUNEL, MMP and ROS immunofluorescence assays were applied to assess apoptosis, MMP, and ROS of HepG2 cells in vivo. Western Blotting was applied to assess the levels of apoptosis- and autophagy-related proteins. Results In this study, in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that IF203 possesses antitumor activity. The results of APAs and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry demonstrated that IF203 could inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells. Cell cycle assays, downregulation of Cyclin B1 and Cdc2, and upregulation of P53 suggested that IF203 could lead to G2/M cell cycle arrest. In addition, ultrastructural changes, apoptosis assays, TUNEL immunofluorescence results, upregulated expression of Bax, and downregulated expression of Bcl-2 suggest that IF203 can induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells. After IF203 treatment, intracellular ROS levels increased, MMP decreased, JC-1 green fluorescence was enhanced, and the levels of Caspase-9, Caspase-3 and Cytochrome C expression were upregulated, suggesting that IF203 could induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Moreover, characteristic apoptotic ultrastructural changes were accompanied by the appearance of many autophagy bubbles and upregulation of Atg5, Atg12, ULK1, Beclin-1 and LC3-II proteins, suggesting that IF203 could induce autophagy in HepG2 cells. Conclusion This study showed that IF203 leads to the death of HepG2 cells through cell cycle arrest, apoptotic induction, and autophagy promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Shang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghai Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyuan Huang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Dong
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiting Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Gui
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmin Nie
- Clinical Laboratory of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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Zhu P, Zhou K, Lu S, Bai Y, Qi R, Zhang S. Modulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor inhibits esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression by repressing COX2/PGE2/STAT3 axis. J Cell Commun Signal 2020; 14:175-192. [PMID: 31925646 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-019-00535-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with poor prognosis. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor and emerging evidence shows it is associated with tumor initiation and promotion. However, the relationship between AHR and ESCC is not clear and it is meaningful to explore whether AHR could be a therapeutic target. In the present study, immunohistochemistry was performed to determine AHR expression levels in ESCC tissues. Knockdown of AHR expression in ESCC cell lines genetically and modulation of AHR by 3, 3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) pharmacologically both in vitro and in vivo were utilized to examine the corresponding alterations in cell growth, migration and invasion. Our study indicated that AHR expression levels were elevated in ESCC and associated with poor prognosis. Both knockdown and modulation of AHR inhibited tumor progression through down-regulating expression levels of PCNA, Bcl-2, Cyclin D1, MMP1, MMP2, MMP9 and up-regulating expression levels of Bax, Cleaved-Caspase 3. Our findings also indicated that repressing COX2/PGE2/STAT3 axis exerted inhibitory effects on ESCC both in vitro and in vivo assays. Taken together, AHR plays the key role in ESCC progression and targeting AHR as a therapeutic strategy with DIM is deserved for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyao Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Shilong Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Dermatology, Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Yu Bai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Ruiqun Qi
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Shuguang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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Tewari D, Patni P, Bishayee A, Sah AN, Bishayee A. Natural products targeting the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway in cancer: A novel therapeutic strategy. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 80:1-17. [PMID: 31866476 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) represent two vital intracellular signaling pathways, which are associated with various aspects of cellular functions. These functions play vital roles in quiescence, survival, and growth in normal physiological circumstances as well as in various pathological disorders, including cancer. These two pathways are so intimately connected to each other that in some instances these are considered as one unique pathway crucial for cell cycle regulation. The purpose of this review is to emphasize the role of PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway in different cancer conditions and the importance of natural products targeting the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway. This review also aims to draw the attention of scientists and researchers to the assorted beneficial effects of the numerous classes of natural products for the development of new and safe drugs for possible cancer therapy. We also summarize and critically analyze various preclinical and clinical studies on bioactive compounds and constituents, which are derived from natural products, to target the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway for cancer prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144 411, Punjab, India.
| | - Pooja Patni
- Sharda School of Pharmacy, Gujarat Technical University, Gandhinagar 382 610, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Archana N Sah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Bhimtal Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital 263 136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
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Zhu Y, Zhong Y, Long X, Zhu Z, Zhou Y, Ye H, Zeng X, Zheng X. Deoxyshikonin isolated from Arnebia euchroma inhibits colorectal cancer by down-regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2019; 57:412-423. [PMID: 31230505 PMCID: PMC6600065 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1626447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Context: Shikonins, a series of natural occurring naphthoquinones extracted from Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Jonst. (Boraginaceae), have antitumor activities and low toxicity. Objective: To illuminate potential activity and mechanism of shikonins against colorectal cancer (CRC). Materials and methods: Five shikonins were isolated from A. euchroma, and elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. Anti-proliferative activities of shikonins (0-100 μg/mL) on human colorectal cells were evaluated by MTT and CCK-8 for 24 or 48 h. Cell apoptosis and cycle distribution were examined by FCM analysis. The expression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway mRNAs and proteins was analysed by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Cell viability, cell apoptosis, cell cycle and protein expression were measured, when co-treated with PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors. The in vivo activity of deoxyshikonin was evaluated using xenograft tumour model. Results: Deoxyshikonin and another four shikonins were isolated and identified. Deoxyshikonin exhibited anti-proliferative activity with IC50 of 10.97 μM against HT29 cells. Moreover, the percentage of early apoptotic cells and G0/G1 cells increased from 1 to 29% and 44 to 67% with 0-50 μg/mL deoxyshikonin, respectively. Deoxyshikonin also down-regulated the expression of PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt308 and mTOR proteins in HT29 and DLD-1 cells. Moreover, LY294002, NVP-BEZ235 and MK-2206 can make deoxyshikonin more cell proliferation inhibited, cell cycle arrested at G0/G1 and apoptosis promoted. In vivo study, the weight of tumour tissues at deoxyshikonin groups was significantly reduced compared with the control group, and PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt308 and mTOR expression was decreased. Discussion and conclusions: We can conclude that deoxyshikonin isolated from Arnebia euchroma inhibited CRC through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yu Zhong
- Analysis Center of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xun Long
- The Third People’s Hospital of Bijie, Bijie, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Sino-American Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hua Ye
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaobin Zeng
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Infectious disease, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
- Xiaobin Zeng Center Lab of Longhua Branch, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province518120, China
| | - Xuebao Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- CONTACT Xuebao Zheng Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province524023, China
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Dolciami D, Ballarotto M, Gargaro M, López-Cara LC, Fallarino F, Macchiarulo A. Targeting Aryl hydrocarbon receptor for next-generation immunotherapies: Selective modulators (SAhRMs) versus rapidly metabolized ligands (RMAhRLs). Eur J Med Chem 2019; 185:111842. [PMID: 31727470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) constitutes a major network hub of genomic and non-genomic signaling pathways, connecting host's immune cells to environmental factors. It shapes innate and adaptive immune processes to environmental stimuli with species-, cell- and tissue-type dependent specificity. Although an ever increasing number of studies has thrust AhR into the limelight as attractive target for the development of next-generation immunotherapies, concerns exist on potential safety issues associated with small molecule modulation of the receptor. Selective AhR modulators (SAhRMs) and rapidly metabolized AhR ligands (RMAhRLs) are two classes of receptor agonists that are emerging as interesting lead compounds to bypass AhR-related toxicity in favor of therapeutic effects. In this article, we discuss SAhRMs and RMAhRLs reported in literature, covering concepts underlying their definitions, specific binding modes, structure-activity relationships and AhR-mediated functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Dolciami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Ballarotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Gargaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazz.le Gambuli, 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luisa Carlota López-Cara
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18010, Granada, Spain
| | - Francesca Fallarino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazz.le Gambuli, 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Macchiarulo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
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Wang J, Zhang C, Zhu J, Ding J, Chen Y, Han X. Blood-brain barrier disruption and inflammation reaction in mice after chronic exposure to Microcystin-LR. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 689:662-678. [PMID: 31279213 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR), which produced by toxic cyanobacteria and widely present in eutrophic waters, has been shown to have potent acute hepatotoxicity. MC-LR has been revealed to inflict damage to brain, while the neurotoxicity of chronic exposure to MC-LR and mechanisms underlying it are still confusing. Here, the mice were exposed to MC-LR dissolved in drinking water at dose of 1, 7.5, 15, and 30 μg/L for consecutive 180 days. MC-LR accumulated in mouse brains and impaired the blood-brain barrier by inducing the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), which was regulated by NF-κB, c-Fos and c-Jun. Furthermore, MC-LR exposure induced microglial and astrocyte activation and resultant neuroinflammatory response. This study highlights the risks to human health of the current microcystin exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Changliang Zhang
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jinling Zhu
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yabing Chen
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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36
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Zhao H, Chen L, Yang T, Feng YL, Vaziri ND, Liu BL, Liu QQ, Guo Y, Zhao YY. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation mediates kidney disease and renal cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2019; 17:302. [PMID: 31488157 PMCID: PMC6727512 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a well-known ligand-activated cytoplasmic transcription factor that contributes to cellular responses against environmental toxins and carcinogens. AhR is activated by a range of structurally diverse compounds from the environment, microbiome, natural products, and host metabolism, suggesting that AhR possesses a rather promiscuous ligand binding site. Increasing studies have indicated that AhR can be activated by a variety of endogenous ligands and induce the expression of a battery of genes. AhR regulates a variety of physiopathological events, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, adhesion and migration. These new roles have expanded our understanding of the AhR signalling pathways and endogenous metabolites interacting with AhR under homeostatic and pathological conditions. Recent studies have demonstrated that AhR is linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In this review, we summarize gut microbiota-derived ligands inducing AhR activity in patients with CKD, CVD, diabetic nephropathy and RCC that may provide a new diagnostic and prognostic approach for complex renal damage. We further highlight polyphenols from natural products as AhR agonists or antagonists that regulate AhR activity. A better understanding of structurally diverse polyphenols and AhR biological activities would allow us to illuminate their molecular mechanism and discover potential therapeutic strategies targeting AhR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian Yang
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ya-Long Feng
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92897, USA
| | - Bao-Li Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Qing-Quan Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 87131, USA
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China.
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37
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Yang T, Feng YL, Chen L, Vaziri ND, Zhao YY. Dietary natural flavonoids treating cancer by targeting aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Crit Rev Toxicol 2019; 49:445-460. [PMID: 31433724 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2019.1635987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) as a ligand-activated transcription factor in the field of cancer has gradually been unveiled. A strong body of evidence indicated that AhR is implicated in cell proliferation and apoptosis, immune metabolism and other processes, which further affected tumor growth, survival, migration, and invasion. Therefore, AhR targeted therapy may become a new method for cancer treatment and provide a new direction for clinical tumor treatment. Astonishingly, the largest source of exposure of animals and humans to AhR ligands (synthetic and natural) comes from the diet. Myriad studies have described that various natural dietary chemicals can directly activate and/or inhibit the AhR signaling pathway. Of note, numerous natural products contribute to AhR active, of which dietary flavonoids are the largest class of natural AhR ligands. As interest in AhR and its ligands increases, it seems sensible to summarize current research on these ligands. In this review, we highlight the role of AhR in tumorigenesis and focus on the double effect of AhR in cancer therapy. We explored the molecular mechanism of AhR ligands on cancer through a few AhR agonists/antagonists currently in clinical practice. Ultimately, we summarize and highlight the latest progression of dietary flavonoids as AhR ligands in cancer inhibition, including the limitations and deficiencies of it in clinical research. This review will offer a comprehensive understanding of AhR and its dietary ligands which may dramatically pave the way for targeted cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yang
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ya-Long Feng
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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38
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Jiang Y, Yang G, Liao Q, Zou Y, Du Y, Huang J. Indole-3-carbinol inhibits lipid deposition and promotes autophagy in hyperlipidemia zebrafish larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 70:103205. [PMID: 31195360 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is extracted from cruciferous vegetables and is well known for its anti-cancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This study investigated the protective effect of I3C in hyperlipidemia zebrafish larvae and early life stage toxicity of I3C on zebrafish embryos/larvae. Zebrafish larvae were fed with 4% high-cholesterol diet (HCD) and treated with I3C 2.5μmol/L and 5μmol/L for two weeks. Confocal image analysis, oil Red O staining were used to analysis vascular lipid accumulation and western blotting was used to evaluate possible mechanics. In addition, zebrafish embryos were treated with I3C for 96 h to assess the general toxicity and cardiotoxicity. We found that lipid deposition on vasculature was dose-dependently decreased in the I3C treated groups as compared with control group (47%, 23%, p<0.01). Moreover, we demonstrated that I3C inhibited lipid deposition by inducing autophagy, as identified by the enhancement of LC3-II, beclin-1, hVps34 and m-cathepsin D as well as by the reduction of P62, Bcl-2, Akt, p- Akt, mTOR, and p- mTOR in HCD fed zebrafish larvae (p<0.05). In summary, I3C shows protective effects on hyperlipidemia zebrafish larvae and maybe a promising multitarget drug in the prevention and protection against atherosclerotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Qingyao Liao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yanke Zou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yun Du
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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Du H, Zhang X, Zeng Y, Huang X, Chen H, Wang S, Wu J, Li Q, Zhu W, Li H, Liu T, Yu Q, Wu Y, Jie L. A Novel Phytochemical, DIM, Inhibits Proliferation, Migration, Invasion and TNF-α Induced Inflammatory Cytokine Production of Synovial Fibroblasts From Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients by Targeting MAPK and AKT/mTOR Signal Pathway. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1620. [PMID: 31396207 PMCID: PMC6663984 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In rheumatoid arthritis(RA) pathogenesis, activated RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLSs) exhibit similar proliferative features as tumor cells and subsequent erosion to cartilage will eventually lead to joint destruction. Therefore, it is imperative to search for compounds, which can effectively inhibit the abnormal activation of RA-FLSs, and retard RA progression.3′3-Diindolylmethane (DIM), the major product of the acid-catalyzed oligomerization of indole-3-carbinol from cruciferous vegetables, has been reported to be functionally relevant to inhibition of migration, invasion and carcinogenesis in some solid tumors. In this study, we explored the anti-proliferation, anti-metastasis and anti-inflammation effects of DIM on RA-FLSs as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. To do this, primary RA-FLSs were isolated from RA patients and an animal model. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were measured using CCK-8, scratch, and Transwell assays, respectively. The effects of DIM on Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and some inflammatory factors mRNA and key molecules such as some inflammatory factors and those involved in aberrantly-activated signaling pathway in response to tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α), a typical characteristic mediator in RA-FLS, were quantitatively measured by real-time PCR and western blotting. Moreover, the effect of DIM on adjuvant induced arthritis(AIA) models was evaluated with C57BL/6 mice in vivo. The results showed that DIM inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of RA-FLS in vitro. Meanwhile, DIM dramatically suppressed TNF-α–induced increases in the mRNA levels of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, and MMP-9; as well as the proinflammatory factors IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β. Mechanistic studies revealed that DIM is able to suppress phosphorylated activation not only of p38, JNK in MAPK pathway but of AKT, mTOR and downstream molecules in the AKT/mTOR pathway. Moreover, DIM treatment decreased expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the serum and alleviated arthritis severity in the knee joints of AIA mice. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that DIM could inhibit proliferation, migration and invasion of RA-FLSs and reduce proinflammatory factors induced by TNF-α in vitro by blocking MAPK and AKT/mTOR pathway and prevent inflammation and knee joint destruction in vivo, which suggests that DIM might have therapeutic potential for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Du
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongchang Zeng
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Huang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suihai Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Toxicology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiancai Liu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghong Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingsong Wu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ligang Jie
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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40
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Resistin facilitates VEGF-A-dependent angiogenesis by inhibiting miR-16-5p in human chondrosarcoma cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:31. [PMID: 30631040 PMCID: PMC6328541 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1241-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Resistin is an adipokine that is associated with obesity, inflammation, and various cancers. Chondrosarcomas are primary malignant bone tumors that have a poor prognosis. VEGF-A is a critical angiogenic factor that is known to promote angiogenesis and metastasis in chondrosarcoma. It is unknown as to whether resistin affects human chondrosarcoma angiogenesis. In this study, we show how resistin promotes VEGF-A expression and subsequently induces angiogenesis of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Resistin treatment activated the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt signaling pathways, while PI3K and Akt inhibitors or siRNA diminished resistin-induced VEGF-A expression. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed the downregulation of micro RNA (miR)-16-5p in resistin-induced VEGF-A expression and EPCs angiogenesis. We also found a positive correlation between resistin and VEGF-A expression, and a negative correlation between resistin and VEGF-A with miR-16-5p in chondrosarcoma patients. These findings reveal that resistin facilitates VEGF-A expression and angiogenesis through the inhibition of miR-16-5p expression via PI3K/Akt signaling cascades. Resistin may be a promising target in chondrosarcoma angiogenesis.
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Noorolyai S, Mokhtarzadeh A, Baghbani E, Asadi M, Baghbanzadeh Kojabad A, Mogaddam MM, Baradaran B. The role of microRNAs involved in PI3-kinase signaling pathway in colorectal cancer. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5664-5673. [PMID: 30488557 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, cancer has been one of the most important concerns of the human community, which affects human life from many different ways, such as breast, lung, colorectal, prostate, and other cancers. Colorectal cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in the world that has recently been introduced as the third leading cause of cancer deaths in the world. microRNAs have a very crucial role in tumorgenesis and prevention of cancer, which plays a significant role with influencing various factors through different signaling pathways. Phosphoinositide 3 (PI3)-kinase/AKT is one of the most important signaling pathways involved in the control and growth of tumor in colorectal cancer, through important proteins of this pathway, such as PTEN and AKT, that they can perform specific influence on this process. Our effort in this study is to collect microRNAs that act as tumor suppressors and oncomirs in this cancer through PI3-kinase/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Noorolyai
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Baghbani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Milad Asadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh Kojabad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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42
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Soundararajan P, Kim JS. Anti-Carcinogenic Glucosinolates in Cruciferous Vegetables and Their Antagonistic Effects on Prevention of Cancers. Molecules 2018; 23:E2983. [PMID: 30445746 PMCID: PMC6278308 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSL) are naturally occurring β-d-thioglucosides found across the cruciferous vegetables. Core structure formation and side-chain modifications lead to the synthesis of more than 200 types of GSLs in Brassicaceae. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are chemoprotectives produced as the hydrolyzed product of GSLs by enzyme myrosinase. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) and sulforaphane ([1-isothioyanato-4-(methyl-sulfinyl) butane], SFN) are potential ITCs with efficient therapeutic properties. Beneficial role of BITC, PEITC and SFN was widely studied against various cancers such as breast, brain, blood, bone, colon, gastric, liver, lung, oral, pancreatic, prostate and so forth. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor limits the tumor progression. Induction of ARE (antioxidant responsive element) and ROS (reactive oxygen species) mediated pathway by Nrf2 controls the activity of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB). NF-κB has a double edged role in the immune system. NF-κB induced during inflammatory is essential for an acute immune process. Meanwhile, hyper activation of NF-κB transcription factors was witnessed in the tumor cells. Antagonistic activity of BITC, PEITC and SFN against cancer was related with the direct/indirect interaction with Nrf2 and NF-κB protein. All three ITCs able to disrupts Nrf2-Keap1 complex and translocate Nrf2 into the nucleus. BITC have the affinity to inhibit the NF-κB than SFN due to the presence of additional benzyl structure. This review will give the overview on chemo preventive of ITCs against several types of cancer cell lines. We have also discussed the molecular interaction(s) of the antagonistic effect of BITC, PEITC and SFN with Nrf2 and NF-κB to prevent cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakaran Soundararajan
- Genomics Division, Department of Agricultural Bio-Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wansan-gu, Jeonju 54874, Korea.
| | - Jung Sun Kim
- Genomics Division, Department of Agricultural Bio-Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wansan-gu, Jeonju 54874, Korea.
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Tzeng HE, Tang CH, Wu SH, Chen HT, Fong YC, Lu YC, Chen WC, Huang HD, Lin CY, Wang SW. CCN6-mediated MMP-9 activation enhances metastatic potential of human chondrosarcoma. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:955. [PMID: 30237403 PMCID: PMC6147788 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chondrosarcomas are primary malignant bone tumors that have a poor prognosis. WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein-3 (WISP-3, also termed CCN6) belongs to the CCN family of proteins and is implicated in the regulation of various cellular functions, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. It is unknown as to whether CCN6 affects human chondrosarcoma metastasis. We show how CCN6 promotes chondrosarcoma cell migration and invasion via matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP)-9 expression. These effects were abolished by pretreatment of chondrosarcoma cells with PI3K, Akt, mTOR, and NF-κB inhibitors or short interfering (si)RNAs. Our investigations indicate that CCN6 facilitates metastasis through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/NF-κB signaling pathway. CCN6 and MMP-9 expression was markedly increased in the highly migratory JJ012(S10) cell line compared with the primordial cell line (JJ012) in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. CCN6 knockdown suppressed MMP-9 production in JJ012(S10) cells and attenuated cell migration and invasion ability. Importantly, CCN6 knockdown profoundly inhibited chondrosarcoma cell metastasis to lung. Our findings reveal an important mechanism underlying CCN6-induced metastasis and they highlight the clinical significance between CCN6 and MMP-9 in regard to human chondrosarcoma. CCN6 appears to be a promising therapeutic target in chondrosarcoma metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-En Tzeng
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, 235, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Sz-Hua Wu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Te Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chin Fong
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yun-Lin County, 651, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chang Lu
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, 252, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 104, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 104, Taiwan.,Degree Program of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Da Huang
- Degree Program of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Lin
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, 252, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, 252, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
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