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Li H, Wang G, Zhao G, Liu H, Liu L, Cao Y, Li C. TGF-β1 maintains the developmental potential of embryonic submandibular gland epithelia separated with mesenchyme. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33506. [PMID: 39040362 PMCID: PMC11261778 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) on epithelial development using an ex vivo model of submandibular gland (SMG) epithelial-mesenchymal separation. Materials and methods The ex vivo model was established by separating E13 mouse SMG epithelia and mesenchyme, culturing them independently for 24 h, recombining them, and observing branching morphogenesis. Microarray analysis was performed to evaluate the transcriptome of epithelia treated with and without 1 ng/ml TGF-β1. Differential gene expression, pathway enrichment, and protein-protein interaction networks were analyzed. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunofluorescence were employed to validate the mRNA and protein levels. Results Recombined SMGs using separated epithelia and mesenchyme that were cultured for 24 h showed a significant inhibition of epithelial development compared to SMGs recombined immediately after separation. The level of TGF-β1 decreased in the SMG epithelia after epithelia-mesenchyme separation. Epithelia that were separated from mesenchyme for 24 h and pretreated with 1 ng/ml TGF-β1 continued to develop after recombination with mesenchyme, while epithelia without 1 ng/ml TGF-β1 treatment did not. Microarray analysis suggested pathway enrichment related to epithelial development and an upregulation of Sox2 in the 1 ng/ml TGF-β1-treated epithelia. Further experiments validated the phosphorylation of SMAD2 and SMAD3, upregulation of SOX2 and genes associated with epithelial development, including Prol1, Dcpp1, Bhlha15, Smgc, and Bpifa2. Additionally, 1 ng/ml TGF-β1 inhibited epithelial apoptosis by improving the BCL2/BAX ratio and reducing cleaved caspase 3. Conclusions The addition of 1 ng/ml TGF-β1 maintained the developmental potential of embryonic SMG epithelia separated from mesenchyme for 24 h. This suggests that 1 ng/ml TGF-β1 may partially compensate for the role of mesenchyme during the separation phase, although its compensation is limited in extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guanru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guile Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Huabing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yubin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chunjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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2
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Zhang Y, Yan S, Mei Z, Zhang H, Ding C, Zhang S, Wei S. Exploring the Cocktail Factor Approach to Generate Salivary Gland Progenitors through Co-Culture Techniques. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2024; 21:749-759. [PMID: 38466363 PMCID: PMC11187051 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-024-00632-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The derivation of salivary gland (SG) progenitors from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) presents significant potential for developmental biology and regenerative medicine. However, the existing protocols for inducing SG include limited factors, making it challenging to mimic the in vivo microenvironment of embryonic SGs. METHODS We reported a cocktail factor approach to promote the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC)-derived oral epithelium (OE) into SG progenitors through a three-dimensional co-culture method. Upon confirming that the embryonic SG can promote the differentiation of mESC-derived OE, we performed RNA sequence analysis to identify factors involved in the differentiation of SG progenitors. RESULTS Our findings highlight several efficient pathways related to SG development, with frequent appearances of four factors: IFN-γ, TGF-β2, EGF, and IGF-1. The combined treatment using these cocktail factors increased the expression of key SG progenitor markers, including Sox9, Sox10, Krt5, and Krt14. However, absence of any one of these cocktail factors did not facilitate differentiation. Notably, aggregates treated with the cocktail factor formed SG epithelial-like structures and pre-bud-like structures on the surface. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study offers a novel approach to developing a differentiation protocol that closely mimics the in vivo microenvironment of embryonic SGs. This provides a foundation for generating PSC-derived organoids with near-physiological cell behaviors and structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Zhang
- Central Laboratory and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shuang Yan
- Central Laboratory and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zi Mei
- Central Laboratory and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - He Zhang
- Central Laboratory and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chong Ding
- Central Laboratory and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Central Laboratory and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Shicheng Wei
- Central Laboratory and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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3
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Morales EA, Wang S. Salivary gland developmental mechanics. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 160:1-30. [PMID: 38937029 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The salivary gland undergoes branching morphogenesis to elaborate into a tree-like structure with numerous saliva-secreting acinar units, all joined by a hierarchical ductal system. The expansive epithelial surface generated by branching morphogenesis serves as the structural basis for the efficient production and delivery of saliva. Here, we elucidate the process of salivary gland morphogenesis, emphasizing the role of mechanics. Structurally, the developing salivary gland is characterized by a stratified epithelium tightly encased by the basement membrane, which is in turn surrounded by a mesenchyme consisting of a dense network of interstitial matrix and mesenchymal cells. Diverse cell types and extracellular matrices bestow this developing organ with organized, yet spatially varied mechanical properties. For instance, the surface epithelial sheet of the bud is highly fluidic due to its high cell motility and weak cell-cell adhesion, rendering it highly pliable. In contrast, the inner core of the bud is more rigid, characterized by reduced cell motility and strong cell-cell adhesion, which likely provide structural support for the tissue. The interactions between the surface epithelial sheet and the inner core give rise to budding morphogenesis. Furthermore, the basement membrane and the mesenchyme offer mechanical constraints that could play a pivotal role in determining the higher-order architecture of a fully mature salivary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Angelo Morales
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, United States
| | - Shaohe Wang
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, United States.
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4
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Pillai S, Munguia-Lopez JG, Tran SD. Bioengineered Salivary Gland Microtissues─A Review of 3D Cellular Models and their Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:2620-2636. [PMID: 38591955 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Salivary glands (SGs) play a vital role in maintaining oral health through the production and release of saliva. Injury to SGs can lead to gland hypofunction and a decrease in saliva secretion manifesting as xerostomia. While symptomatic treatments for xerostomia exist, effective permanent solutions are still lacking, emphasizing the need for innovative approaches. Significant progress has been made in the field of three-dimensional (3D) SG bioengineering for applications in gland regeneration. This has been achieved through a major focus on cell culture techniques, including soluble cues and biomaterial components of the 3D niche. Cells derived from both adult and embryonic SGs have highlighted key in vitro characteristics of SG 3D models. While still in its first decade of exploration, SG spheroids and organoids have so far served as crucial tools to study SG pathophysiology. This review, based on a literature search over the past decade, covers the importance of SG cell types in the realm of their isolation, sourcing, and culture conditions that modulate the 3D microenvironment. We discuss different biomaterials employed for SG culture and the current advances made in bioengineering SG models using them. The success of these 3D cellular models are further evaluated in the context of their applications in organ transplantation and in vitro disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeth Pillai
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Jose G Munguia-Lopez
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Simon D Tran
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
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5
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Wrynn T, Min S, Horeth E, Osinski J, Sinha S, Romano RA. ΔNp63 regulates Sfrp1 expression to direct salivary gland branching morphogenesis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301082. [PMID: 38722977 PMCID: PMC11081224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Branching morphogenesis is a complex process shared by many organs including the lungs, kidney, prostate, as well as several exocrine organs including the salivary, mammary and lacrimal glands. This critical developmental program ensures the expansion of an organ's surface area thereby maximizing processes of cellular secretion or absorption. It is guided by reciprocal signaling from the epithelial and mesenchymal cells. While signaling pathways driving salivary gland branching morphogenesis have been relatively well-studied, our understanding of the underlying transcriptional regulatory mechanisms directing this program, is limited. Here, we performed in vivo and ex vivo studies of the embryonic mouse submandibular gland to determine the function of the transcription factor ΔNp63, in directing branching morphogenesis. Our studies show that loss of ΔNp63 results in alterations in the differentiation program of the ductal cells which is accompanied by a dramatic reduction in branching morphogenesis that is mediated by dysregulation of WNT signaling. We show that ΔNp63 modulates WNT signaling to promote branching morphogenesis by directly regulating Sfrp1 expression. Collectively, our findings have revealed a novel role for ΔNp63 in the regulation of this critical process and offers a better understanding of the transcriptional networks involved in branching morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Wrynn
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Sangwon Min
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Erich Horeth
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Jason Osinski
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Satrajit Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Rose-Anne Romano
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
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Nakagawa T, Santos J, Nasamran CA, Sen P, Sadat S, Monther A, Bendik J, Ebisumoto K, Hu J, Preissl S, Guo T, Vavinskaya V, Fisch KM, Califano JA. Defining the relationship of salivary gland malignancies to novel cell subpopulations in human salivary glands using single nucleus RNA-sequencing. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:1492-1503. [PMID: 37971144 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Salivary glands have essential roles in maintaining oral health, mastication, taste and speech, by secreting saliva. Salivary glands are composed of several types of cells, and each cell type is predicted to be involved in the carcinogenesis of different types of cancers including adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC), salivary duct carcinoma (SDC), myoepithelial carcinoma (MECA) and other histology. In our study, we performed single nucleus RNA-seq on three human salivary gland samples to clarify the gene expression profile of each complex cellular component of the salivary glands and related these expression patterns to expression found in salivary gland cancers (SGC) to infer cell of origin. By single nucleus RNA-seq, salivary gland cells were stratified into four clusters: acinar cells, ductal cells 1, ductal cells 2 and myoepithelial cells/stromal cells. The localization of each cell group was verified by IHC of each cluster marker gene, and one group of ductal cells was found to represent intercalated ductal cells labeled with HES1. Furthermore, in comparison with SGC RNA-seq data, acinar cell markers were upregulated in AciCC, but downregulated in ACC and ductal cell markers were upregulated in SDC but downregulated in MECA, suggesting that markers of origin are highly expressed in some SGC. Cell type expressions in specific SGC histology are similar to those found in normal salivary gland populations, indicating a potential etiologic relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Nakagawa
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jessica Santos
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Chanond A Nasamran
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Prakriti Sen
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sayed Sadat
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Abdula Monther
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Joseph Bendik
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Koji Ebisumoto
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jingjing Hu
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sebastian Preissl
- Center for Epigenomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Theresa Guo
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Vera Vavinskaya
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kathleen M Fisch
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Joseph A Califano
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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7
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Soto-Gamez A, van Es M, Hageman E, Serna-Salas SA, Moshage H, Demaria M, Pringle S, Coppes RP. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived HGF attenuates radiation-induced senescence in salivary glands via compensatory proliferation. Radiother Oncol 2024; 190:109984. [PMID: 37926332 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Irradiation of the salivary glands during head and neck cancer treatment induces cellular senescence in response to DNA damage and contributes to radiation-induced hyposalivation by affecting the salivary gland stem/progenitor cell (SGSC) niche. Cellular senescence, such as that induced by radiation, is a state of cell-cycle arrest, accompanied by an altered pro-inflammatory secretome known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) with potential detrimental effects on the surrounding microenvironment. We hypothesized that the pro-regenerative properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may attenuate cellular senescence post-irradiation. Therefore, here we evaluated the effects of adipose-derived MSCs (ADSCs) on the radiation-induced response of salivary gland organoids (SGOs). METHODS Proteomic analyses to identify soluble mediators released by ADSCs co-cultured with SGOS revealed secretion of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in ADSCs, suggesting a possible role in the stem cell crosstalk. Next, the effect of recombinant HGF in the culture media of ex vivo grown salivary gland cells was tested in 2D monolayers and 3D organoid models. RESULTS Treatment with HGF robustly increased salivary gland cell proliferation. Importantly, HGF supplementation post-irradiation enhanced proliferation at lower doses of radiation (0, 3, 7 Gy), but not at higher doses (10, 14 Gy) where most cells stained positive for senescence-associated beta-galactosidase. Furthermore, HGF had no effect on the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) of irradiated SGOs, suggesting there may be compensatory proliferation by cell-division competent cells instead of a reversal of cellular senescence after irradiation. CONCLUSION ADSCs may positively influence radiation recovery through HGF secretion and can promote the ex vivo expansion of salivary gland stem/progenitor cells to enhance the effects of co-transplanted SGSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Soto-Gamez
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen (RUG) and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands; Dept. of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen (RUG) and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M van Es
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen (RUG) and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands; Dept. of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen (RUG) and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - E Hageman
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen (RUG) and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands; Dept. of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen (RUG) and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - S A Serna-Salas
- Dept of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen (RUG) and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - H Moshage
- Dept of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen (RUG) and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M Demaria
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen (RUG) and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - S Pringle
- Dept. of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen (RUG) and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - R P Coppes
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen (RUG) and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands; Dept. of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen (RUG) and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands.
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8
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Ono S, Yamada A, Tanaka J, Yukimori A, Sasa K, Mishima K, Funatsu T, Kamijo R. BMP-2-mediated signaling suppresses salivary gland development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 681:1-6. [PMID: 37742472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Research regarding the process of salivary gland development and elucidation of related mechanisms are considered essential for development of effective treatments for conditions associated with salivary disease. Various reports regarding the effects of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 on hard tissue cells have been presented, though few have examined those related to salivary gland formation. Using an organ culture system, the present study was conducted to investigate the function of BMP-2 in salivary gland formation. Salivary glands obtained from embryonic day 13.5 mice and treated with BMP-2 showed suppression of primordial cell differentiation and also gland formation in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, gland formation inhibition was suppressed by concurrent treatment with dorsomorphin, an inhibitor of the Smad pathway. Expression levels of AQP5, a marker gene for acinar cells, and Prol1, an opiorphin expressed in the lacrimal gland, were decreased in salivary glands treated with BMP-2. The present findings indicate that suppression of salivary gland formation, especially acinar differentiation, is induced by BMP-2, a phenomenon considered to be related to the Smad pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Ono
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Perioperative Medicine, Division of Dentistry for Persons with Disabilities, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamada
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Junichi Tanaka
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akane Yukimori
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Sasa
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Mishima
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Funatsu
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Division of Dentistry for Persons with Disabilities, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Kamijo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Marinkovic M, Tran ON, Wang H, Abdul-Azees P, Dean DD, Chen XD, Yeh CK. Extracellular matrix turnover in salivary gland disorders and regenerative therapies: Obstacles and opportunities. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:693-703. [PMID: 37719063 PMCID: PMC10502366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland (SG) extracellular matrix (ECM) has a major influence on tissue development, homeostasis, and tissue regeneration after injury. During aging, disease, and physical insult, normal remodeling of the SG microenvironment (i.e. ECM) becomes dysregulated, leading to alterations in matrix composition which disrupt tissue architecture/structure, alter cell activity, and negatively impact gland function. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a large and diverse family of metalloendopeptidases which play a major role in matrix degradation and are intimately involved in regulating development and cell function; dysregulation of these enzymes leads to the production of a fibrotic matrix. In the SG this altered fibrotic ECM (or cell microenvironment) negatively impacts normal cell function and the effectiveness of gene and stem cell therapies which serve as a foundation for many SG regenerative therapies. For this reason, prospective regenerative strategies should prioritize the maintenance and/or restoration of a healthy SG ECM. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have great potential for mitigating damage to the SG microenvironment by ameliorating inflammation, reducing fibrosis, and repairing the damaged milieu of extracellular regulatory cues, including the matrix. This review addresses our current understanding of the impact of aging and disease on the SG microenvironment and suggests critical deficiencies and opportunities in ECM-targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Marinkovic
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
- Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229-4404, USA
| | - Olivia N. Tran
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Hanzhou Wang
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Parveez Abdul-Azees
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
- Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229-4404, USA
| | - David D. Dean
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Xiao-Dong Chen
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
- Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229-4404, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Chih-Ko Yeh
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229-4404, USA
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10
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Patil AT, Bennett DD, Xu J, Weisman P, Matson DR. Spatial transcriptomics of a giant pilomatricoma. J Cutan Pathol 2023; 50:963-970. [PMID: 37649312 PMCID: PMC10591970 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Pilomatricomas (PMs) are common benign adnexal tumors that show a predilection for the head and neck region and are characterized at the molecular level by activating mutations in the beta-catenin (CTNNB1) gene. Giant PMs are a rare histopathological variant, according to the World Health Organization, which are defined by a size greater than 4 cm and are reported to show upregulation of yes-associated protein compared to PMs of typical 1-3 cm size. We describe the case of a 67-year-old man with an 8 cm giant PM involving his temporal scalp, whose PM we characterized by 10X spatial gene expression analysis. This revealed five total transcriptomic clusters, including four distinct clusters within the giant PM, each with a unique transcriptional pattern of hair follicle-related factors, keratin gene expression, and beta-catenin pathway activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva T Patil
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Daniel D Bennett
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Paul Weisman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Daniel R Matson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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11
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Aure MH, Symonds JM, Villapudua CU, Dodge JT, Werner S, Knosp WM, Hoffman MP. FGFR2 is essential for salivary gland duct homeostasis and MAPK-dependent seromucous acinar cell differentiation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6485. [PMID: 37838739 PMCID: PMC10576811 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Exocrine acinar cells in salivary glands (SG) are critical for oral health and loss of functional acinar cells is a major clinical challenge. Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) are essential for early development of multiple organs, including SG. However, the role of FGFR signaling in specific populations later in development and during acinar differentiation are unknown. Here, we use scRNAseq and conditional deletion of murine FGFRs in vivo to identify essential roles for FGFRs in craniofacial, early SG development and progenitor function during duct homeostasis. Importantly, we also discover that FGFR2 via MAPK signaling is critical for seromucous acinar differentiation and secretory gene expression, while FGFR1 is dispensable. We show that FGF7, expressed by myoepithelial cells (MEC), activates the FGFR2-dependent seromucous transcriptional program. Here, we propose a model where MEC-derived FGF7 drives seromucous acinar differentiation, providing a rationale for targeting FGFR2 signaling in regenerative therapies to restore acinar function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit H Aure
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Jennifer M Symonds
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlos U Villapudua
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joshua T Dodge
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sabine Werner
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wendy M Knosp
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew P Hoffman
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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12
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Bonnet H, Isidro Alonso CA, Gupta IR. Submandibular gland epithelial development and the importance of junctions. Tissue Barriers 2023; 11:2161255. [PMID: 36576256 PMCID: PMC10606785 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2022.2161255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary glands consist of highly specialized epithelial cells that secrete the fluid, saliva, and/or transport saliva into the oral cavity. Saliva is essential to lubricate the oral cavity for food consumption and to maintain the hygiene of the oral cavity. In this review, we will focus on the formation of the epithelial cell lineage and the cell junctions that are essential for formation of saliva and maintenance of the epithelial barrier between the ducts that transport saliva and the extracellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Agustin Isidro Alonso
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Indra R. Gupta
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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13
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Tseng KC, Crump JG. Craniofacial developmental biology in the single-cell era. Development 2023; 150:dev202077. [PMID: 37812056 PMCID: PMC10617621 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of a unique craniofacial complex in vertebrates made possible new ways of breathing, eating, communicating and sensing the environment. The head and face develop through interactions of all three germ layers, the endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm, as well as the so-called fourth germ layer, the cranial neural crest. Over a century of experimental embryology and genetics have revealed an incredible diversity of cell types derived from each germ layer, signaling pathways and genes that coordinate craniofacial development, and how changes to these underlie human disease and vertebrate evolution. Yet for many diseases and congenital anomalies, we have an incomplete picture of the causative genomic changes, in particular how alterations to the non-coding genome might affect craniofacial gene expression. Emerging genomics and single-cell technologies provide an opportunity to obtain a more holistic view of the genes and gene regulatory elements orchestrating craniofacial development across vertebrates. These single-cell studies generate novel hypotheses that can be experimentally validated in vivo. In this Review, we highlight recent advances in single-cell studies of diverse craniofacial structures, as well as potential pitfalls and the need for extensive in vivo validation. We discuss how these studies inform the developmental sources and regulation of head structures, bringing new insights into the etiology of structural birth anomalies that affect the vertebrate head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Chang Tseng
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - J. Gage Crump
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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14
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Bordeu I, Chatzeli L, Simons BD. Inflationary theory of branching morphogenesis in the mouse salivary gland. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3422. [PMID: 37296120 PMCID: PMC10256724 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39124-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that regulate the patterning of branched epithelia remain a subject of long-standing debate. Recently, it has been proposed that the statistical organization of multiple ductal tissues can be explained through a local self-organizing principle based on the branching-annihilating random walk (BARW) in which proliferating tips drive a process of ductal elongation and stochastic bifurcation that terminates when tips encounter maturing ducts. Here, applied to mouse salivary gland, we show the BARW model struggles to explain the large-scale organization of tissue. Instead, we propose that the gland develops as a tip-driven branching-delayed random walk (BDRW). In this framework, a generalization of the BARW, tips inhibited through steric interaction with proximate ducts may continue their branching program as constraints become alleviated through the persistent expansion of the surrounding tissue. This inflationary BDRW model presents a general paradigm for branching morphogenesis when the ductal epithelium grows cooperatively with the domain into which it expands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Bordeu
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physics, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lemonia Chatzeli
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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15
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Marinkovic M, Tran ON, Wang H, Abdul-Azees P, Dean DD, Chen XD, Yeh CK. Autologous mesenchymal stem cells offer a new paradigm for salivary gland regeneration. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:18. [PMID: 37165024 PMCID: PMC10172302 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland (SG) dysfunction, due to radiotherapy, disease, or aging, is a clinical manifestation that has the potential to cause severe oral and/or systemic diseases and compromise quality of life. Currently, the standard-of-care for this condition remains palliative. A variety of approaches have been employed to restore saliva production, but they have largely failed due to damage to both secretory cells and the extracellular matrix (niche). Transplantation of allogeneic cells from healthy donors has been suggested as a potential solution, but no definitive population of SG stem cells, capable of regenerating the gland, has been identified. Alternatively, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are abundant, well characterized, and during SG development/homeostasis engage in signaling crosstalk with the SG epithelium. Further, the trans-differentiation potential of these cells and their ability to regenerate SG tissues have been demonstrated. However, recent findings suggest that the "immuno-privileged" status of allogeneic adult MSCs may not reflect their status post-transplantation. In contrast, autologous MSCs can be recovered from healthy tissues and do not present a challenge to the recipient's immune system. With recent advances in our ability to expand MSCs in vitro on tissue-specific matrices, autologous MSCs may offer a new therapeutic paradigm for restoration of SG function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Marinkovic
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Olivia N Tran
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hanzhou Wang
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Parveez Abdul-Azees
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - David D Dean
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xiao-Dong Chen
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Chih-Ko Yeh
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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16
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Horeth E, Bard J, Che M, Wrynn T, Song E, Marzullo B, Burke M, Popat S, Loree T, Zemer J, Tapia J, Frustino J, Kramer J, Sinha S, Romano R. High-Resolution Transcriptomic Landscape of the Human Submandibular Gland. J Dent Res 2023; 102:525-535. [PMID: 36726292 PMCID: PMC10249006 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221147908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Saliva-secreting and transporting cells are part of the complex cellular milieu of the human salivary gland, where they play important roles in normal glandular physiology and diseased states. However, comprehensive molecular characterization, particularly at single-cell resolution, is still incomplete, in part due to difficulty in procuring normal human tissues. Here, we perform an in-depth analysis of male and female adult human submandibular gland (SMG) samples by bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and examine the molecular underpinnings of the heterogeneous cell populations by single-cell (sc) RNA-seq. Our results from scRNA-seq highlight the remarkable diversity of clusters of epithelial and nonepithelial cells that reside in the SMG that is also faithfully recapitulated by deconvolution of the bulk-RNA data sets. Our analyses reveal complex transcriptomic heterogeneity within both the ductal and acinar subpopulations and identify atypical SMG cell types, such as mucoacinar cells that are unique to humans and ionocytes that have been recently described in the mouse. We use CellChat to explore ligand-receptor interactome predictions that likely mediate crucial cell-cell communications between the various cell clusters. Finally, we apply a trajectory inference method to investigate specific cellular branching points and topology that offers insights into the dynamic and complex differentiation process of the adult SMG. The data sets and the analyses herein comprise an extensive wealth of high-resolution information and a valuable resource for a deeper mechanistic understanding of human SMG biology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Horeth
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - J. Bard
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - M. Che
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - T. Wrynn
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - E.A.C. Song
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - B. Marzullo
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - M.S. Burke
- Erie County Medical Center, Department of Head & Neck/Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - S. Popat
- Erie County Medical Center, Department of Head & Neck/Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - T. Loree
- Erie County Medical Center, Department of Head & Neck/Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - J. Zemer
- Erie County Medical Center Division of Oral Oncology & Maxillofacial Prosthetics, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - J.L. Tapia
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - J. Frustino
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Erie County Medical Center Division of Oral Oncology & Maxillofacial Prosthetics, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - J.M. Kramer
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - S. Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - R.A. Romano
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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17
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Gao J, Li A, Fujii S, Huang F, Nakatomi C, Nakamura I, Honda H, Kiyoshima T, Jimi E. p130Cas is required for androgen-dependent postnatal development regulation of submandibular glands. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5144. [PMID: 36991029 PMCID: PMC10060253 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary glands develop through epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and are formed through repeated branching. The Crk-associated substrate protein (p130Cas) serves as an adapter that forms a complex with various proteins via integrin and growth factor signaling, with important regulatory roles in several essential cellular processes. We found that p130Cas is expressed in ductal epithelial cells of the submandibular gland (SMG). We generated epithelial tissue-specific p130Cas-deficient (p130CasΔepi-) mice and aimed to investigate the physiological role of p130Cas in the postnatal development of salivary glands. Histological analysis showed immature development of granular convoluted tubules (GCT) of the SMG in male p130CasΔepi- mice. Immunofluorescence staining showed that nuclear-localized androgen receptors (AR) were specifically decreased in GCT cells in p130CasΔepi- mice. Furthermore, epidermal growth factor-positive secretory granules contained in GCT cells were significantly reduced in p130CasΔepi- mice with downregulated AR signaling. GCTs lacking p130Cas showed reduced numbers and size of secretory granules, disrupted subcellular localization of the cis-Golgi matrix protein GM130, and sparse endoplasmic reticulum membranes in GCT cells. These results suggest that p130Cas plays a crucial role in androgen-dependent GCT development accompanied with ER-Golgi network formation in SMG by regulating the AR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Aonan Li
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Fujii
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Dento-Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Fei Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Chihiro Nakatomi
- Division of Physiology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakamura
- Department of Rehabilitation, Yugawara Hospital, Japan Community Health Care Organization, 2-21-6 Chuo, Yugawara, Ashigara-shimo, Kanagawa, 259-0396, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Honda
- Field of Human Disease Models, Major in Advanced Life Sciences and Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animals, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kiyoshima
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Eijiro Jimi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
- Oral Health/Brain Health/Total Health Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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18
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Kang S, Yasuhara R, Tokumasu R, Funatsu T, Mishima K. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote salivary duct regeneration via a paracrine effect. J Oral Biosci 2023; 65:104-110. [PMID: 36736698 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The self-regeneration of exocrine tissues, including salivary glands, is limited and their regeneration mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated. Here we identify the role of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) in salivary gland regeneration. METHODS AMSCs expressing mesenchymal stem cell markers were applied to a submandibular gland injury model and the mechanism of salivary gland repair and regeneration was analyzed. RESULTS Transplanted green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled AMSCs grew tightly together and promoted ductal regeneration in the regenerative nodule, with slight infiltration of nonspecific immune cells. A comprehensive gene analysis through RNA-sequencing revealed increased expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), transforming growth factor (TGF), and Wnt in AMSC-transplanted regenerative nodules. The factors released from AMSCs scavenge hydrogen peroxidase-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) through Wnt promoter activity in vitro. Furthermore, AMSC-conditioned medium recovered the growth of the hydrogen peroxidase-damaged primordium of the submandibular gland culture ex vivo. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that AMSC-released factors scavenge ROS and maintain salivary gland repair and regeneration via paracrine effects. Thus, AMSCs could be a practical and applicable tool for use in salivary gland regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seya Kang
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rika Yasuhara
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Rino Tokumasu
- Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Funatsu
- Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Mishima
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Matuck B, Ferraz da Silva LF, Warner BM, Byrd KM. The need for integrated research autopsies in the era of precision oral medicine. J Am Dent Assoc 2023; 154:194-205. [PMID: 36710158 PMCID: PMC9974796 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2022.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autopsy has benefited the practice of medicine for centuries; however, its use to advance the practice of oral health care is relatively limited. In the era of precision oral medicine, the research autopsy is poised to play an important role in understanding oral-systemic health, including infectious disease, autoimmunity, craniofacial genetics, and cancer. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED The authors reviewed relevant articles that used medical and dental research autopsies to summarize the advantages of minimally invasive autopsies of dental, oral, and craniofacial tissues and to outline practices for supporting research autopsies of the oral and craniofacial complex. RESULTS The authors provide a historical summary of research autopsy in dentistry and provide a perspective on the value of autopsies for high-resolution multiomic studies to benefit precision oral medicine. As the promise of high-resolution multiomics is being realized, there is a need to integrate the oral and craniofacial complex into the practice of autopsy in medicine. Furthermore, the collaboration of autopsy centers with researchers will accelerate the understanding of dental, oral, and craniofacial tissues as part of the whole body. CONCLUSIONS Autopsies must integrate oral and craniofacial tissues as part of biobanking procedures. As new technologies allow for high-resolution, multimodal phenotyping of human samples, using optimized sampling procedures will allow for unprecedented understanding of common and rare dental, oral, and craniofacial diseases in the future. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the oral cavity as a site for viral infection and transmission potential; this was only discovered via clinical autopsies. The realization of the integrated autopsy's value in full body health initiatives will benefit patients across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Matuck
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Blake M. Warner
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin Matthew Byrd
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lab of Oral & Craniofacial Innovation (LOCI), Department of Innovation and Technology Research, ADA Science & Research Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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20
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Sekiguchi R, Mehlferber M, Matsumoto K, Wang S. Efficient Gene Knockout in Salivary Gland Epithelial Explant Cultures. J Dent Res 2023; 102:197-206. [PMID: 36366748 PMCID: PMC9893391 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221128201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed methods to achieve efficient CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene knockout in ex vivo mouse embryonic salivary epithelial explants. Salivary epithelial explants provide a valuable model for characterizing cell signaling, differentiation, and epithelial morphogenesis, but research has been limited by a paucity of efficient gene perturbation methods. Here, we demonstrate highly efficient gene perturbation by transient transduction of guide RNA-expressing lentiviruses into Cas9-expressing salivary epithelial buds isolated from Cas9 transgenic mice. We first show that salivary epithelial explants can be cultured in low-concentration, nonsolidified Matrigel suspensions in 96-well plates, which greatly increases sample throughput compared to conventional cultures embedded in solidified Matrigel. We further show that salivary epithelial explants can grow and branch with FGF7 alone, while supplementing with insulin, transferrin, and selenium (ITS) enhances growth and branching. We then describe an efficient workflow to produce experiment-ready, high-titer lentiviruses within 1 wk after molecular cloning. To track transduced cells, we designed the lentiviral vector to coexpress a nuclear fluorescent reporter with the guide RNA. We routinely achieved 80% transduction efficiency when antibiotic selection was used. Importantly, we detected robust loss of targeted protein products when testing 9 guide RNAs for 3 different genes. Moreover, targeting the β1 integrin gene (Itgb1) inhibited branching morphogenesis, which supports the importance of cell-matrix adhesion in driving branching morphogenesis. In summary, we have established a lentivirus-based method that can efficiently perturb genes of interest in salivary epithelial explants, which will greatly facilitate studies of specific gene functions using this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Sekiguchi
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M.M. Mehlferber
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Present address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - K. Matsumoto
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S. Wang
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Present address: 4D Cellular Physiology, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
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21
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Chatzeli L, Bordeu I, Han S, Bisetto S, Waheed Z, Koo BK, Alcolea MP, Simons BD. A cellular hierarchy of Notch and Kras signaling controls cell fate specification in the developing mouse salivary gland. Dev Cell 2023; 58:94-109.e6. [PMID: 36693323 PMCID: PMC7614884 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of the mouse salivary gland involves a tip-driven process of branching morphogenesis that takes place in concert with differentiation into acinar, myoepithelial, and ductal (basal and luminal) sub-lineages. By combining clonal lineage tracing with a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the branched epithelial network and single-cell RNA-seq analysis, we show that in tips, a heterogeneous population of renewing progenitors transition from a Krt14+ multipotent state to unipotent states via two transcriptionally distinct bipotent states, one restricted to the Krt14+ basal and myoepithelial lineage and the other to the Krt8+ acinar and luminal lineage. Using genetic perturbations, we show how the differential expression of Notch signaling correlates with spatial segregation, exits from multipotency, and promotes the Krt8+ lineage, whereas Kras activation promotes proacinar fate. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for how positional cues within growing tips regulate the process of lineage segregation and ductal patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemonia Chatzeli
- Wellcome Trust, Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK.
| | - Ignacio Bordeu
- Wellcome Trust, Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK; Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, 837.0415 Santiago, Chile
| | - Seungmin Han
- Wellcome Trust, Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Sara Bisetto
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Zahra Waheed
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Bon-Kyoung Koo
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science, Expo-ro 55, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Maria P Alcolea
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Oncology, The Hutchison Building, Box 197 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- Wellcome Trust, Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK.
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22
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Qiu T, Tucker AS. Mechanisms driving vestibular lamina formation and opening in the mouse. J Anat 2022; 242:224-234. [PMID: 36181694 PMCID: PMC9877475 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The vestibular lamina (VL) forms as an epithelial outgrowth parallel to the dental lamina (DL) in the oral cavity. During late development, it opens to create a furrow that divides the dental tissue from the cheeks and lips and is known as the vestibule. Defects in this process lead to failure in the separation of the teeth from the lips and cheeks, including the presence of multiple frenula. In this paper, the development of the VL is followed in the mouse, from epithelial placode in the embryo to postnatal opening and vestibule formation. During early outgrowth, differential proliferation controls the curvature of the VL as it extends under the forming incisors. Apoptosis plays a role in thinning the deepest part of the lamina, while terminal differentiation of the epithelium, highlighted by the expression of loricrin and flattening of the nuclei, predates the division of the VL into two to create the vestibule. Development in the mouse is compared to the human VL, with respect to the relationship of the VL to the DL, VL morphology and mechanisms of opening. Overall, this paper provides insight into an understudied part of the oral anatomy, shedding light on how defects could form in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengyang Qiu
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Abigail S. Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
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23
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Matos-Sousa JM, Bittencourt LO, Ferreira MKM, dos Santos VRN, Balbinot KM, Alves-Júnior S, Pinheiro JDJV, Charone S, Pessan JP, Lima RR. Fluoride Exposure and Salivary Glands: How Is Glandular Morphology Susceptible to Long-Term Exposure? A Preclinical Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11185373. [PMID: 36143018 PMCID: PMC9501535 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a strong body of evidence attesting to the effectiveness of fluoride (F) in preventing and controlling caries, some studies have sought to investigate the influence of F exposure on the salivary glands, organs that are essential for the maintenance of cavity homeostasis through salivary production, finding that exposure to F can cause biochemical and proteomic changes. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the morphological effects of prolonged exposure to F on the salivary glands of mice, at concentrations that would correspond to optimally fluoridated water (suitable for human consumption) and to fluorosis-endemic regions. Twenty-four male mice (Mus musculus) were divided into three groups, according to F levels in the drinking water: 0 (control), 10, or 50 mg F/L, with an exposure period of 60 days. The glands were morphometrically analyzed for the total acinar area, parenchyma area, and stromal area, as well as for the immunohistochemical analysis of myoepithelial cells. The results showed that prolonged exposure to F at 10 mg F/L did not promote significant changes in the morphometry of the salivary glands of mice, which reinforces the safety of the chronic use of F in low doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Mário Matos-Sousa
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Maria Karolina Martins Ferreira
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Ruan Neves dos Santos
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Sérgio Alves-Júnior
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Senda Charone
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Juliano Pelim Pessan
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba 14801-385, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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24
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Abstract
The salivary glands produce saliva and are important in maintaining oral health. Saliva keeps the mouth moist, cleanses the oral cavity, aids digestion, and has antibacterial properties. Saliva also helps in swallowing and speech. Investigating the development of the salivary glands is thus relevant in the context of both health and disease. Various cell culture methods have been used to study salivary gland development, including culturing cells in two dimensions (2D). Under physiological conditions, cells constantly interact with other cells and the extracellular matrix, which controls complex biological functions such as cell migration and apoptosis, and can modulate gene expression. Since many of these functions are not accurately represented or reproduced in 2D culture, the results of in vitro experiments using such culture methods are often not reflected in vivo. The use of 3D cultures, such as organ cultures, has helped address this issue and has emerged as a model that better reflects the in vivo physiological environment. Here, we describe a protocol for establishing submandibular salivary gland organ culture that is more concise and simpler than previous methods and includes the separation and dissection of the salivary glands. We also describe the use of environmental stress (hypoxic stimulation) and inhibitors (U0126, LY294002, and rapamycin) to elucidate signaling pathways involved in salivary gland development. This protocol can provide researchers with a simpler and more robust method of salivary gland organ culture, enabling analysis of organ-based signaling pathways to advance developmental biology research. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Submandibular salivary gland organ culture Basic Protocol 2: Analysis of salivary gland development in the presence of hypoxia and signaling pathway inhibitors Basic Protocol 3: Western blotting using submandibular salivary gland organ culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Sakai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Osaka University Dental Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Sakai
- Department of Oral-Facial Disorders, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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25
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A novel approach to describing the pancreas and submandibular gland: Can they be classified as primary and secondary tissue organs? Acta Histochem 2022; 124:151934. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Tran ON, Wang H, Li S, Malakhov A, Sun Y, Abdul Azees PA, Gonzalez AO, Cao B, Marinkovic M, Singh BB, Dean DD, Yeh CK, Chen XD. Organ-specific extracellular matrix directs trans-differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and formation of salivary gland-like organoids in vivo. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:306. [PMID: 35841112 PMCID: PMC9284714 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02993-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current treatments for salivary gland (SG) hypofunction are palliative and do not address the underlying cause or progression of the disease. SG-derived stem cells have the potential to treat SG hypofunction, but their isolation is challenging, especially when the tissue has been damaged by disease or irradiation for head and neck cancer. In the current study, we test the hypothesis that multipotent bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in a rat model are capable of trans-differentiating to the SG epithelial cell lineage when induced by a native SG-specific extracellular matrix (SG-ECM) and thus may be a viable substitute for repairing damaged SGs. METHODS Rat BM-MSCs were treated with homogenates of decellularized rat SG-ECM for one hour in cell suspension and then cultured in tissue culture plates for 7 days in growth media. By day 7, the cultures contained cell aggregates and a cell monolayer. The cell aggregates were hand-selected under a dissecting microscope, transferred to a new tissue culture dish, and cultured for an additional 7 days in epithelial cell differentiation media. Cell aggregates and cells isolated from the monolayer were evaluated for expression of SG progenitor and epithelial cell specific markers, cell morphology and ultrastructure, and ability to form SG-like organoids in vivo. RESULTS The results showed that this approach was very effective and guided the trans-differentiation of a subpopulation of CD133-positive BM-MSCs to the SG epithelial cell lineage. These cells expressed amylase, tight junction proteins (Cldn 3 and 10), and markers for SG acinar (Aqp5 and Mist 1) and ductal (Krt 14) cells at both the transcript and protein levels, produced intracellular secretory granules which were morphologically identical to those found in submandibular gland, and formed SG-like organoids when implanted in the renal capsule in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest the feasibility of using autologous BM-MSCs as an abundant source of stem cells for treating SG hypofunction and restoring the production of saliva in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia N Tran
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Hanzhou Wang
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Shengxian Li
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
- Department of Endocrinology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200126, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrey Malakhov
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Yuyang Sun
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Parveez A Abdul Azees
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Aaron O Gonzalez
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Brian Cao
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Milos Marinkovic
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
- Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229-4404, USA
| | - Brij B Singh
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - David D Dean
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Chih-Ko Yeh
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA.
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229-4404, USA.
| | - Xiao-Dong Chen
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA.
- Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229-4404, USA.
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27
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Yoon YJ, Kim D, Tak KY, Hwang S, Kim J, Sim NS, Cho JM, Choi D, Ji Y, Hur JK, Kim H, Park JE, Lim JY. Salivary gland organoid culture maintains distinct glandular properties of murine and human major salivary glands. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3291. [PMID: 35672412 PMCID: PMC9174290 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30934-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary glands that produce and secrete saliva, which is essential for lubrication, digestion, immunity, and oral homeostasis, consist of diverse cells. The long-term maintenance of diverse salivary gland cells in organoids remains problematic. Here, we establish long-term murine and human salivary gland organoid cultures. Murine and human salivary gland organoids express gland-specific genes and proteins of acinar, myoepithelial, and duct cells, and exhibit gland functions when stimulated with neurotransmitters. Furthermore, human salivary gland organoids are established from isolated basal or luminal cells, retaining their characteristics. Single-cell RNA sequencing also indicates that human salivary gland organoids contain heterogeneous cell types and replicate glandular diversity. Our protocol also enables the generation of tumoroid cultures from benign and malignant salivary gland tumor types, in which tumor-specific gene signatures are well-conserved. In this study, we provide an experimental platform for the exploration of precision medicine in the era of tissue regeneration and anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo-Jun Yoon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwon Yong Tak
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seungyeon Hwang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jisun Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nam Suk Sim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Min Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dojin Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yongmi Ji
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Junho K Hur
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunki Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Yol Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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28
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Thiemann RF, Varney S, Moskwa N, Lamar J, Larsen M, LaFlamme SE. Regulation of myoepithelial differentiation. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268668. [PMID: 35617216 PMCID: PMC9135247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The salivary gland can be permanently impaired by radiation treatment for head and neck cancers. Efforts at tissue regeneration have focused on saliva-producing acinar cells. However, myoepithelial cells are also critical to gland function, but mechanisms that regulate their differentiation are poorly defined. To study myoepithelial differentiation, we employed mSG-PAC1 murine salivary gland epithelial cells. We demonstrate that mSG-PAC1 spheroids exhibit phenotypic plasticity between pro-acinar and myoepithelial cell fates. Increased expression of pro-acinar/acinar or myoepithelial RNAs was identified from spheroids cultured under different media conditions by microarray followed by gene-set enrichment analysis. Spheroids cultured with different medium components expressed proteins typical of either acinar or myoepithelial cells, as detected by immunocytochemistry. We demonstrate that the pattern of TAZ expression in the epithelial compartment of the differentiating murine salivary gland correlates with the expression of the myoepithelial marker alpha-SMA, as is the case for TAZ expression in mSG-PAC1 spheroids. Our analysis also indicates that YAP/TAZ target genes are upregulated together with myoepithelial markers. Importantly, siRNA targeting of TAZ expression in mSG-PAC1 spheroids diminished the expression of myoepithelial markers. Our results in this in vitro cell model implicate TAZ signaling in myoepithelial differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee F. Thiemann
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Scott Varney
- Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Moskwa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - John Lamar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Melinda Larsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Susan E. LaFlamme
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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29
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Hayashi T, Eto K, Kadoya Y. Downregulation of ten-eleven translocation-2 triggers epithelial differentiation during organogenesis. Differentiation 2022; 125:45-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Rodboon T, Yodmuang S, Chaisuparat R, Ferreira JN. Development of high-throughput lacrimal gland organoid platforms for drug discovery in dry eye disease. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2022; 27:151-158. [PMID: 35058190 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction and damage of the lacrimal gland (LG) results in ocular discomfort and dry eye disease (DED). Current therapies for DED do not fully replenish the necessary lubrication to rescue optimal vision. New drug discovery for DED has been limited perhaps because in vitro models cannot mimic the biology of the native LG. The existing platforms for LG organoid culture are scarce and still not ready for consistency and scale up production towards drug screening. The magnetic three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting (M3DB) is a novel system for 3D in vitro biofabrication of cellularized tissues using magnetic nanoparticles to bring cells together. M3DB provides a scalable platform for consistent handling of spheroid-like cell cultures facilitating consistent biofabrication of organoids. Previously, we successfully generated innervated secretory epithelial organoids from human dental pulp stem cells with M3DB and found that this platform is feasible for epithelial organoid bioprinting. Research targeting LG organogenesis, drug discovery for DED has extensively used mouse models. However, certain inter-species differences between mouse and human must be considered. Porcine LG appear to have more similarities to human LG than the mouse counterparts. We have conducted preliminary studies with the M3DB for fabricating LG organoids from primary cells isolated from murine and porcine LG, and found that this platform provides robust LG organoids for future potential high-throughput analysis and drug discovery. The LG organoid holds promise to be a functional model of tearing, a platform for drug screening, and may offer clinical applications for DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teerapat Rodboon
- Avatar Biotechnologies for Oral Health and Healthy Longevity Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supansa Yodmuang
- Avatar Biotechnologies for Oral Health and Healthy Longevity Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Risa Chaisuparat
- Avatar Biotechnologies for Oral Health and Healthy Longevity Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Joao N Ferreira
- Avatar Biotechnologies for Oral Health and Healthy Longevity Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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31
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Chibly AM, Aure MH, Patel VN, Hoffman MP. Salivary Gland Function, Development and Regeneration. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1495-1552. [PMID: 35343828 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary glands produce and secrete saliva, which is essential for maintaining oral health and overall health. Understanding both the unique structure and physiological function of salivary glands, as well as how they are affected by disease and injury will direct the development of therapy to repair and regenerate them. Significant recent advances, particularly in the OMICS field, increase our understanding of how salivary glands develop at the cellular, molecular and genetic levels; the signaling pathways involved, the dynamics of progenitor cell lineages in development, homeostasis and regeneration and the role of the extracellular matrix microenvironment. These provide a template for cell and gene therapies as well as bioengineering approaches to repair or regenerate salivary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Martinez Chibly
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Marit H Aure
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Vaishali N Patel
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Matthew Philip Hoffman
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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32
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Abstract
Salivary glands are branching organs which develop by bud and cleft formation to create an organ with a large surface area. The epithelium and mesenchyme signal back and forth to control this branching process, with additional cues provided by the parasympathetic nerves and blood vessels that surround the developing branches. This branching morphogenesis can be recapitulated successfully in organ culture , allowing access to the tissue to follow development and manipulate the tissue interactions, and signals. To culture glands, the filter-grid method has been widely used, allowing the development of salivary glands cultured as a whole organ, or the gland epithelium in isolation, or with the surrounding craniofacial tissue in a cranial slice. Here, we describe the methods for each approach and show the applicability of culturing glands from a wide variety of species: mouse , snake, and human. The resulting samples and data from these cultures can be employed for morphological and molecular analysis, with some examples described in this chapter, bringing valuable knowledge to our understanding of branching morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Gaete
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Tathyane H N Teshima
- Department of Oral Medicine, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lemonia Chatzeli
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Abigail S Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
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33
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Abstract
Fluid secretion by exocrine glandular organs is essential to the survival of mammals. Each glandular unit within the body is uniquely organized to carry out its own specific functions, with failure to establish these specialized structures resulting in impaired organ function. Here, we review glandular organs in terms of shared and divergent architecture. We first describe the structural organization of the diverse glandular secretory units (the end-pieces) and their fluid transporting systems (the ducts) within the mammalian system, focusing on how tissue architecture corresponds to functional output. We then highlight how defects in development of end-piece and ductal architecture impacts secretory function. Finally, we discuss how knowledge of exocrine gland structure-function relationships can be applied to the development of new diagnostics, regenerative approaches and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameed Khan
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sarah Fitch
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sarah Knox
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ripla Arora
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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34
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Taniguchi S, Tanaka Y, Elhance A, Oshimori N. A mechanistic basis for the malignant progression of salivary gland tumors. iScience 2021; 24:103508. [PMID: 34934927 PMCID: PMC8661530 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland tumors are diverse neoplasms, likely reflecting differences in the tissue- and cell-of-origin. 80%-90% of tumors arising in the sublingual gland (SLG) are malignant, whereas the other major glands often form benign tumors. Owing to the lack of experimental models to explore the etiology of salivary gland tumors, the cellular and molecular bases of malignancy remain unknown. Here, we generated a murine model of HRASG12V-driven salivary gland tumors amenable to examine tumor onset and malignant progression. We found that HMGA2 marks the tumor onset, and transformed-SOX2+ stem/progenitor cells expand exclusively in SLG tumors. Lineage tracing experiments showed that SLG tumor cells undergo an extensive epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and TGF-β-responding tumor cells are a source of mesenchymal tumor cells invading the surrounding stroma. This study advances our understanding of the mechanistic basis of salivary gland malignancy and may help combat this highly heterogeneous cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Taniguchi
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Yuya Tanaka
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ajit Elhance
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Naoki Oshimori
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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35
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Hwang JH, Han YH, Rahman MDT, Lee CS. Quantitative assessment of dry mouth in scrub typhus using salivary scintigraphy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23633. [PMID: 34880398 PMCID: PMC8655010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03185-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Scrub typhus is an acute febrile illness caused by the intracellular pathogen Orientia tsutsugamushi. The clinical features include fever, myalgia, lymphadenopathy, and dry mouth. However, no studies have assessed the symptom of dry mouth in patients with scrub typhus. We investigated the pattern of salivary scintigraphy during the acute febrile state and compared it with any changes after treatment. Fourteen patients underwent both pre- and post-treatment salivary scintigraphy. Imaging analysis was conducted using radioactivity in the oral cavity, parotid glands, and submandibular glands. During the acute phase, the radioactivity in the oral cavity markedly decreased, while that in the parotid and submandibular glands was preserved. After treatment, radioactivity in the oral cavity showed a significant increase at 20-min, 40-min, and after wash-out. The ejection fraction (%) of the parotid glands also increased after treatment. In contrast, the radioactivity levels of the parotid and submandibular glands were not statistically different after treatment. Salivary scintigraphy indicated that insufficient saliva excretion from the salivary glands into the oral cavity was one reason for the dry mouth reported by patients with scrub typhus. In the future, salivary scintigraphy imaging could contribute to the evaluation of dry mouth in patients with scrub typhus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hee Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Hee Han
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.,Cyclotron Research Center, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - M D Tazikur Rahman
- Department of Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seop Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea. .,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea.
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36
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Valdebenito-Maturana B, Torres F, Carrasco M, Tapia JC. Differential regulation of transposable elements (TEs) during the murine submandibular gland development. Mob DNA 2021; 12:23. [PMID: 34686213 PMCID: PMC8540199 DOI: 10.1186/s13100-021-00251-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The submandibular gland (SG) is a relatively simple organ formed by three cell types: acinar, myoepithelial, and an intricate network of duct-forming epithelial cells, that together fulfills several physiological functions from assisting food digestion to acting as an immune barrier against pathogens. Successful SG organogenesis is the product of highly controlled and orchestrated genetic and transcriptional programs. Mounting evidence links Transposable Elements (TEs), originally thought to be selfish genetic elements, to different aspects of gene regulation in mammalian development and disease. To our knowledge, the role of TEs during murine SG organogenesis has not been studied. Using novel bioinformatic tools and publicly available RNA-Seq datasets, our results indicate that a significant number of genic and intergenic TEs are differentially expressed during the SG development. Furthermore, changes in expression of specific TEs correlated with that of genes involved in cellular division and differentiation, critical aspects for SG maturation. Altogether, we propose that TEs modulate gene networks that operate during SG development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisca Torres
- Stem Cells and Neuroscience Center, School of Medicine, University of Talca, Campus Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Mónica Carrasco
- Stem Cells and Neuroscience Center, School of Medicine, University of Talca, Campus Talca, Talca, Chile.
| | - Juan Carlos Tapia
- Stem Cells and Neuroscience Center, School of Medicine, University of Talca, Campus Talca, Talca, Chile.
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37
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Katsuno-Kambe H, Teo JL, Ju RJ, Hudson J, Stehbens SJ, Yap AS. Collagen polarization promotes epithelial elongation by stimulating locoregional cell proliferation. eLife 2021; 10:e67915. [PMID: 34661524 PMCID: PMC8550756 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial networks are commonly generated by processes where multicellular aggregates elongate and branch. Here, we focus on understanding cellular mechanisms for elongation using an organotypic culture system as a model of mammary epithelial anlage. Isotropic cell aggregates broke symmetry and slowly elongated when transplanted into collagen 1 gels. The elongating regions of aggregates displayed enhanced cell proliferation that was necessary for elongation to occur. Strikingly, this locoregional increase in cell proliferation occurred where collagen 1 fibrils reorganized into bundles that were polarized with the elongating aggregates. Applying external stretch as a cell-independent way to reorganize the extracellular matrix, we found that collagen polarization stimulated regional cell proliferation to precipitate symmetry breaking and elongation. This required β1-integrin and ERK signaling. We propose that collagen polarization supports epithelial anlagen elongation by stimulating locoregional cell proliferation. This could provide a long-lasting structural memory of the initial axis that is generated when anlage break symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Katsuno-Kambe
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Jessica L Teo
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Robert J Ju
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - James Hudson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Samantha J Stehbens
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Alpha S Yap
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
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38
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Errachid A, Nohawica M, Wyganowska-Swiatkowska M. A comprehensive review of the influence of Epigallocatechin gallate on Sjögren's syndrome associated molecular regulators of exocytosis (Review). Biomed Rep 2021; 15:95. [PMID: 34631050 PMCID: PMC8493546 DOI: 10.3892/br.2021.1471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disorder that affects the salivary glands, leading to reduced secretory functions and oral and ocular dryness. The salivary glands are composed of acinar cells that are responsible for the secretion and production of secretory granules, which contain salivary components, such as amylase, mucins and immunoglobulins. This secretion process involves secretory vesicle trafficking, docking, priming and membrane fusion. A failure during any of the steps in exocytosis in the salivary glands results in the altered secretion of saliva. Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive-factor attachment protein receptors, actin, tight junctions and aquaporin 5 all serve an important role in the trafficking regulation of secretory vesicles in the secretion of saliva via exocytosis. Alterations in the expression and distribution of these selected proteins leads to salivary gland dysfunction, including SS. Several studies have demonstrated that green tea polyphenols, most notably Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), possess both anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties in normal human cells. Molecular, cellular and animal studies have indicated that EGCG can provide protective effects against autoimmune and inflammatory reactions in salivary glands in diseases such as SS. The aim of the present article is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date review on the possible therapeutic interactions between EGCG and the selected molecular mechanisms associated with SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmounaim Errachid
- Department of Dental Surgery and Periodontology, Poznan University of Medicinal Sciences, 60-812 Poznań, Greater Poland, Poland.,Earth and Life Institute, University Catholique of Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Michal Nohawica
- Department of Dental Surgery and Periodontology, Poznan University of Medicinal Sciences, 60-812 Poznań, Greater Poland, Poland
| | - Marzena Wyganowska-Swiatkowska
- Department of Dental Surgery and Periodontology, Poznan University of Medicinal Sciences, 60-812 Poznań, Greater Poland, Poland
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Organoid Models for Salivary Gland Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:9922597. [PMID: 34497651 PMCID: PMC8421180 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9922597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The salivary gland is composed of an elegant epithelial network that secrets saliva and maintains oral homeostasis. While cell lines and animal models furthered our understanding of salivary gland biology, they cannot replicate key aspects of the human salivary gland tissue, particularly the complex architecture and microenvironmental features that dictate salivary gland function. Organoid cultures provide an alternative system to recapitulate salivary gland tissue in vitro, and salivary gland organoids have been generated from pluripotent stem cells and adult stem/progenitor cells. In this review, we describe salivary gland organoids, the advances and limitations, and the promising potential for regenerative medicine.
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40
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Kim D, Yoon YJ, Choi D, Kim J, Lim JY. 3D Organoid Culture From Adult Salivary Gland Tissues as an ex vivo Modeling of Salivary Gland Morphogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:698292. [PMID: 34458260 PMCID: PMC8397473 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.698292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lumen formation of salivary glands has been investigated using in vivo or ex vivo rudiment culture models. In this study, we used a three-dimensional (3D) salivary gland organoid culture system and demonstrated that lumen formation could be recapitulated in mouse SMG organoids. In our organoid culture system, lumen formation was induced by vasoactive intestinal peptide and accelerated by treatment with RA. Furthermore, lumen formation was observed in branching duct-like structure when cultured in combination of fibroblast growth factors (FGF) in the presence of retinoic acid (RA). We suggest RA signaling-mediated regulation of VIPR1 and KRT7 as the underlying mechanism for lumen formation, rather than apoptosis in the organoid culture system. Collectively, our results support a fundamental role for RA in lumen formation and demonstrate the feasibility of 3D organoid culture as a tool for studying salivary gland morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyun Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeo-Jun Yoon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dojin Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jisun Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Yol Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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41
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Casey MA, Lusk S, Kwan KM. Build me up optic cup: Intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of vertebrate eye morphogenesis. Dev Biol 2021; 476:128-136. [PMID: 33811855 PMCID: PMC8848517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The basic structure of the eye, which is crucial for visual function, is established during the embryonic process of optic cup morphogenesis. Molecular pathways of specification and patterning are integrated with spatially distinct cell and tissue shape changes to generate the eye, with discrete domains and structural features: retina and retinal pigment epithelium enwrap the lens, and the optic fissure occupies the ventral surface of the eye and optic stalk. Interest in the underlying cell biology of eye morphogenesis has led to a growing body of work, combining molecular genetics and imaging to quantify cellular processes such as adhesion and actomyosin activity. These studies reveal that intrinsic machinery and spatiotemporally specific extrinsic inputs collaborate to control dynamics of cell movements and morphologies. Here we consider recent advances in our understanding of eye morphogenesis, with a focus on the mechanics of eye formation throughout vertebrate systems, including insights and potential opportunities using organoids, which may provide a tractable system to test hypotheses from embryonic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macaulie A Casey
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Sarah Lusk
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Kristen M Kwan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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42
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Adachi K, Ohno Y, Satoh K, Shitara A, Muramathu Y, Kashimata M. Cryopreservation of Biologically Functional Submandibular Gland Rudiments from Fetal Mice. In Vivo 2021; 34:3271-3277. [PMID: 33144433 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Cryopreservation of cell lines has been widely used in the laboratory; however, cryopreservation of organs is still considered to be difficult. The submandibular gland (SMG) of fetal mice is one of the best-characterized organs. We investigated the conditions for cryopreserving SMG rudiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Embryonic day 13 SMG rudiments were cryopreserved with or without a cryoprotectant. They were thawed and incubated in DMEM/F12 medium. Moreover, the influence of EGF stimulation on the signaling cascade after frozen-thawing the rudiments was analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS When SMG rudiments were cryopreserved without a cryoprotectant, all cells in the rudiments died. However, the SMG rudiments that had been preserved in a cryoprotectant showed branching morphogenesis. Additionally, the responsiveness of signaling cascades to EGF did not differ between frozen with a cryoprotectant and non-frozen rudiments. CONCLUSION Cryopreservation might be a useful technology for preserving tissues from small organs, such as fetal SMG rudiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Adachi
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuta Ohno
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan
| | - Keitaro Satoh
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akiko Shitara
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yasunori Muramathu
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masanori Kashimata
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan
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43
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Wang A, Ji Z, Xuan R, Zhao X, Hou L, Li Q, Chu Y, Chao T, Wang J. Differentially Expressed MiRNAs of Goat Submandibular Glands Among Three Developmental Stages Are Involved in Immune Functions. Front Genet 2021; 12:678194. [PMID: 34211501 PMCID: PMC8239366 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.678194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Submandibular glands (SMGs) are one of the primary components of salivary glands in goats. The proteins and biologically active substances secreted by the SMGs change with growth and development. Our previous studies showed that most of the differentially expressed genes in the SMGs of goats at different developmental stages are involved in immune-related signaling pathways, but the miRNA expression patterns in the same tissues are unknown. The aim of this study was to reveal the expression profile of miRNAs at three different developmental stages, detect differentially expressed miRNAs (DE miRNAs) and predict disease-related DE miRNAs. SMG tissue samples were collected from groups of 1-month-old kids, 12-month-old maiden goats and 24-month-old adult goats (three samples from each group), and high-throughout transcriptome sequencing was conducted. A total of 178, 241 and 7 DE miRNAs were discovered between 1-month-old kids and 12-month-old maiden goats, between 1-month-old kids and 24-month-old adult goats, and between 12-month-old maiden goats and 24-month-old adult goats, respectively. Among these DE miRNAs, 88 DE miRNAs with medium or high expression levels (TPM ≥50) were classified into five expression pattern clusters. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses indicated that some of the predicted target genes of the DE miRNAs in the five clusters were enriched in disease-related GO terms and pathways. MiRNA target genes in significant pathways were significantly enriched in Hepatitis B (FDR = 9.03E-10) and Pathways in cancer (FDR = 4.2E-10). Further analysis was performed with a PPI network, and 10 miRNAs were predicted to play an important role in the occurrence and prevention of diseases during the growth and development of goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Peninsula Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Brine Utilization, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, China
| | - Zhibin Ji
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Rong Xuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Lei Hou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Qing Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yunpeng Chu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Tianle Chao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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44
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Chatzeli L, Teshima THN, Hajihosseini MK, Gaete M, Proctor GB, Tucker AS. Comparing development and regeneration in the submandibular gland highlights distinct mechanisms. J Anat 2021; 238:1371-1385. [PMID: 33455001 PMCID: PMC8128775 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A common question in organ regeneration is the extent to which regeneration recapitulates embryonic development. To investigate this concept, we compared the expression of two highly interlinked and essential genes for salivary gland development, Sox9 and Fgf10, during submandibular gland development, homeostasis and regeneration. Salivary gland duct ligation/deligation model was used as a regenerative model. Fgf10 and Sox9 expression changed during regeneration compared to homeostasis, suggesting that these key developmental genes play important roles during regeneration, however, significantly both displayed different patterns of expression in the regenerating gland compared to the developing gland. Regenerating glands, which during homeostasis had very few weakly expressing Sox9-positive cells in the striated/granular ducts, displayed elevated expression of Sox9 within these ducts. This pattern is in contrast to embryonic development, where Sox9 expression was absent in the proximally developing ducts. However, similar to the elevated expression at the distal tip of the epithelium in developing salivary glands, regenerating glands displayed elevated expression in a subpopulation of acinar cells, which during homeostasis expressed Sox9 at lower levels. A shift in expression of Fgf10 was observed from a widespread mesenchymal pattern during organogenesis to a more limited and predominantly epithelial pattern during homeostasis in the adult. This restricted expression in epithelial cells was maintained during regeneration, with no clear upregulation in the surrounding mesenchyme, as might be expected if regeneration recapitulated development. As both Fgf10 and Sox9 were upregulated in proximal ducts during regeneration, this suggests that the positive regulation of Sox9 by Fgf10, essential during development, is partially reawakened during regeneration using this model. Together these data suggest that developmentally important genes play a key role in salivary gland regeneration but do not precisely mimic the roles observed during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemonia Chatzeli
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Tathyane H. N. Teshima
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Oral MedicineUCL Eastman Dental InstituteLondonUK
| | | | - Marcia Gaete
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Department of AnatomyFaculty of MedicinePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Gordon B. Proctor
- Centre for Host‐Microbiome InteractionsKing's College of LondonLondonUK
| | - Abigail S. Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
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45
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Isho B, Florescu A, Wang AA, Gommerman JL. Fantastic IgA plasma cells and where to find them. Immunol Rev 2021; 303:119-137. [PMID: 34046908 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IgA is produced in large quantities at mucosal surfaces by IgA+ plasma cells (PC), protecting the host from pathogens, and restricting commensal access to the subepithelium. It is becoming increasingly appreciated that IgA+ PC are not constrained to mucosal barrier sites. Rather, IgA+ PC may leave these sites where they provide both host defense and immunoregulatory function. In this review, we will outline how IgA+ PC are generated within the mucosae and how they subsequently migrate to their "classical" effector site, the gut lamina propria. From there we provide examples of IgA+ PC displacement from the gut to other parts of the body, referencing examples during homeostasis and inflammation. Lastly, we will speculate on mechanisms of IgA+ PC displacement to other tissues. Our aim is to provide a new perspective on how IgA+ PC are truly fantastic beasts of the immune system and identify new places to find them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baweleta Isho
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Angela A Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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46
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Liu Y, Dabrowska C, Mavousian A, Strauss B, Meng F, Mazzaglia C, Ouaras K, Macintosh C, Terentjev E, Lee J, Huang YYS. Bio-assembling Macro-Scale, Lumenized Airway Tubes of Defined Shape via Multi-Organoid Patterning and Fusion. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003332. [PMID: 33977046 PMCID: PMC8097322 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial, stem-cell derived organoids are ideal building blocks for tissue engineering, however, scalable and shape-controlled bio-assembly of epithelial organoids into larger and anatomical structures is yet to be achieved. Here, a robust organoid engineering approach, Multi-Organoid Patterning and Fusion (MOrPF), is presented to assemble individual airway organoids of different sizes into upscaled, scaffold-free airway tubes with predefined shapes. Multi-Organoid Aggregates (MOAs) undergo accelerated fusion in a matrix-depleted, free-floating environment, possess a continuous lumen, and maintain prescribed shapes without an exogenous scaffold interface. MOAs in the floating culture exhibit a well-defined three-stage process of inter-organoid surface integration, luminal material clearance, and lumina connection. The observed shape stability of patterned MOAs is confirmed by theoretical modelling based on organoid morphology and the physical forces involved in organoid fusion. Immunofluorescent characterization shows that fused MOA tubes possess an unstratified epithelium consisting mainly of tracheal basal stem cells. By generating large, shape-controllable organ tubes, MOrPF enables upscaled organoid engineering towards integrated organoid devices and structurally complex organ tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Department of EngineeringUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1PZUK
| | - Catherine Dabrowska
- Wellcome – MRC Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0AWUK
- Department of PhysiologyDevelopment and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 3EGUK
| | - Antranik Mavousian
- Wellcome – MRC Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0AWUK
| | - Bernhard Strauss
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1QWUK
| | - Fanlong Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical PhysicsInstitute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Corrado Mazzaglia
- Department of EngineeringUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1PZUK
- MRC Cancer UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0XZUK
| | - Karim Ouaras
- Department of EngineeringUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1PZUK
- The Nanoscience CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB30FFUK
| | - Callum Macintosh
- Department of EngineeringUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1PZUK
| | | | - Joo‐Hyeon Lee
- Wellcome – MRC Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0AWUK
- Department of PhysiologyDevelopment and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 3EGUK
| | - Yan Yan Shery Huang
- Department of EngineeringUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1PZUK
- The Nanoscience CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB30FFUK
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Suzuki A, Ogata K, Iwata J. Cell signaling regulation in salivary gland development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3299-3315. [PMID: 33449148 PMCID: PMC11071883 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03741-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian salivary gland develops as a highly branched structure designed to produce and secrete saliva. This review focuses on research conducted on mammalian salivary gland development, particularly on the differentiation of acinar, ductal, and myoepithelial cells. We discuss recent studies that provide conceptual advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of salivary gland development. In addition, we describe the organogenesis of submandibular glands (SMGs), model systems used for the study of SMG development, and the key signaling pathways as well as cellular processes involved in salivary gland development. The findings from the recent studies elucidating the identity of stem/progenitor cells in the SMGs, and the process by which they are directed along a series of cell fate decisions to form functional glands, are also discussed. Advances in genetic tools and tissue engineering strategies will significantly increase our knowledge about the mechanisms by which signaling pathways and cells establish tissue architecture and function during salivary gland development, which may also be conserved in the growth and development of other organ systems. An increased knowledge of organ development mechanisms will have profound implications in the design of therapies for the regrowth or repair of injured tissues. In addition, understanding how the processes of cell survival, expansion, specification, movement, and communication with neighboring cells are regulated under physiological and pathological conditions is critical to the development of future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Road, BBS 4208, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Research, UTHealth, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Kenichi Ogata
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Road, BBS 4208, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Research, UTHealth, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Junichi Iwata
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Road, BBS 4208, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
- Center for Craniofacial Research, UTHealth, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
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48
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Zhang T, Xu J, Xu PX. Eya2 expression during mouse embryonic development revealed by Eya2 lacZ knockin reporter and homozygous mice show mild hearing loss. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:1450-1462. [PMID: 33715274 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eya2 expression during mouse development has been studied by in situ hybridization and it has been shown to be involved skeletal muscle development and limb formation. Here, we generated Eya2 knockout (Eya2- ) and a lacZ knockin reporter (Eya2lacZ ) mice and performed a detailed expression analysis for Eya2lacZ at different developmental stages to trace Eya2lacZ -positive cells in Eya2-null mice. We describe that Eya2 is not only expressed in cranial sensory and dorsal root ganglia, retina and olfactory epithelium, and somites as previously reported, but also Eya2 is specifically detected in other organs during mouse development. RESULTS We found that Eya2 is expressed in ocular and trochlear motor neurons. In the inner ear, Eya2lacZ is specifically expressed in differentiating hair cells in both vestibular and cochlear sensory epithelia of the inner ear and Eya2-/- or Eya2lacZ/lacZ mice displayed mild hearing loss. Furthermore, we detected Eya2 expression during both salivary gland and thymus development and Eya2-null mice had a smaller thymus. CONCLUSIONS As Eya2 is coexpressed with other members of the Eya family genes, these results together highlight that Eya2 as a potential regulator may act synergistically with other Eya genes to regulate the differentiation of the inner ear sensory hair cells and the formation of the salivary gland and thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jinshu Xu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Pin-Xian Xu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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49
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de Paula F, Tucker AS, Teshima THN, de Souza MM, Coutinho‐Camillo CM, Nico MMS, Lourenço SV. Characteristics of aquaporin 1, 3, and 5 expression during early murine salivary gland development. J Anat 2021; 238:794-806. [PMID: 33078411 PMCID: PMC7855070 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are essential to coordinate the transit of water and ions through the cell membrane. In salivary glands (SGs), AQPs have been associated with saliva formation, facilitating water absorption through the epithelium during the formation of hypotonic saliva, which is then secreted into the oral cavity. Different members of the AQP family have been suggested to play distinct roles during embryonic development, highlighted by their specific expression patterns. Here, we have investigated the expression patterns of AQP-1, AQP-3 and AQP-5 by immunofluorescence at key stages of salivary gland development, utilising cultured mouse embryonic submandibular (SMG) and sublingual (SLG) glands. The expression of AQPs was compared to a mitotic marker, phospho-histone 3 (PH3), a myoepithelial marker, smooth muscle actin (SMA), and a vascular marker, CD31. Qualitative analysis revealed that AQP-1 and AQP-3 were primarily expressed during the earlier phases of SG morphogenesis and were associated with cells undergoing mitotic processes (PH3-positive). AQP-5, in contrast, was not associated to mitotic figures, but was predominantly expressed during late stages of SG morphogenesis. Our results highlight that AQPs are expressed from early stages of SG morphogenesis and exhibit complimentary expression patterns that may contribute to the morphogenesis of salivary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda de Paula
- General Pathology DepartmentDental SchoolUniversity of Sao PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Abigail S. Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | | | | | | | - Marcello Menta S. Nico
- General Pathology DepartmentDental SchoolUniversity of Sao PauloSão PauloBrazil,Dermatology DepartmentMedical SchoolUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Silvia Vanessa Lourenço
- General Pathology DepartmentDental SchoolUniversity of Sao PauloSão PauloBrazil,LIM06Institute of Tropical MedicineUniversity of São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
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50
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Inhibition of Aurora Kinase B activity disrupts development and differentiation of salivary glands. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:16. [PMID: 33462217 PMCID: PMC7814035 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00393-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the key molecules that regulate cell division during organogenesis. Here we determine the role of the cell cycle promoter aurora kinase B (AURKB) during development, using embryonic salivary glands (E-SGs) as a model. AURKB is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates key events in mitosis, which makes it an attractive target for tailored anticancer therapy. Many reports have elaborated on the role of AURKB in neoplasia and cancer; however, no previous study has shown its role during organ development. Our previous experiments have highlighted the essential requirement for AURKB during adult exocrine regeneration. To investigate if AURKB is similarly required for progression during embryonic development, we pharmacologically inhibited AURKB in developing submandibular glands (SMGs) at embryonic day (E)13.5 and E16.5, using the highly potent and selective drug Barasertib. Inhibition of AURKB interfered with the expansion of the embryonic buds. Interestingly, this effect on SMG development was also seen when the mature explants (E16.5) were incubated for 24 h with another cell cycle inhibitor Aphidicolin. Barasertib prompted apoptosis, DNA damage and senescence, the markers of which (cleaved caspase 3, γH2AX, SA-βgal and p21, respectively), were predominantly seen in the developing buds. In addition to a reduction in cell cycling and proliferation of the epithelial cells in response to AURKB inhibition, Barasertib treatment led to an excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that resulted in downregulation of the acinar differentiation marker Mist1. Importantly, inhibition of ROS was able to rescue this loss of identity, with Mist1 expression maintained despite loss of AURKB. Together, these data identify AURKB as a key molecule in supporting embryonic development and differentiation, while inhibiting senescence-inducing signals during organogenesis.
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