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Liu Q, Chen C, Fan Z, Song H, Sha Y, Yu L, Wang Y, Qin W, Yi W. O-GlcNAcase regulates pluripotency states of human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2024; 19:993-1009. [PMID: 38942028 PMCID: PMC11252487 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the regulation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) pluripotency is critical to advance the field of developmental biology and regenerative medicine. Despite the recent progress, molecular events regulating hESC pluripotency, especially the transition between naive and primed states, still remain unclear. Here we show that naive hESCs display lower levels of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAcylation) than primed hESCs. O-GlcNAcase (OGA), the key enzyme catalyzing the removal of O-GlcNAc from proteins, is highly expressed in naive hESCs and is important for naive pluripotency. Depletion of OGA accelerates naive-to-primed pluripotency transition. OGA is transcriptionally regulated by EP300 and acts as a transcription regulator of genes important for maintaining naive pluripotency. Moreover, we profile protein O-GlcNAcylation of the two pluripotency states by quantitative proteomics. Together, this study identifies OGA as an important factor of naive pluripotency in hESCs and suggests that O-GlcNAcylation has a broad effect on hESCs homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zhiya Fan
- National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Honghai Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yutong Sha
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liyang Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Weijie Qin
- National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 100026, China.
| | - Wen Yi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Kinmonth-Schultz H, Walker SM, Bingol K, Hoyt DW, Kim YM, Markillie LM, Mitchell HD, Nicora CD, Taylor R, Ward JK. Oligosaccharide production and signaling correlate with delayed flowering in an Arabidopsis genotype grown and selected in high [CO2]. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287943. [PMID: 38153952 PMCID: PMC10754469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Since industrialization began, atmospheric CO2 ([CO2]) has increased from 270 to 415 ppm and is projected to reach 800-1000 ppm this century. Some Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) genotypes delayed flowering in elevated [CO2] relative to current [CO2], while others showed no change or accelerations. To predict genotype-specific flowering behaviors, we must understand the mechanisms driving flowering response to rising [CO2]. [CO2] changes alter photosynthesis and carbohydrates in plants. Plants sense carbohydrate levels, and exogenous carbohydrate application influences flowering time and flowering transcript levels. We asked how organismal changes in carbohydrates and transcription correlate with changes in flowering time under elevated [CO2]. We used a genotype (SG) of Arabidopsis that was selected for high fitness at elevated [CO2] (700 ppm). SG delays flowering under elevated [CO2] (700 ppm) relative to current [CO2] (400 ppm). We compared SG to a closely related control genotype (CG) that shows no [CO2]-induced flowering change. We compared metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles in these genotypes at current and elevated [CO2] to assess correlations with flowering in these conditions. While both genotypes altered carbohydrates in response to elevated [CO2], SG had higher levels of sucrose than CG and showed a stronger increase in glucose and fructose in elevated [CO2]. Both genotypes demonstrated transcriptional changes, with CG increasing genes related to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate breakdown, amino acid synthesis, and secondary metabolites; and SG decreasing genes related to starch and sugar metabolism, but increasing genes involved in oligosaccharide production and sugar modifications. Genes associated with flowering regulation within the photoperiod, vernalization, and meristem identity pathways were altered in these genotypes. Elevated [CO2] may alter carbohydrates to influence transcription in both genotypes and delayed flowering in SG. Changes in the oligosaccharide pool may contribute to delayed flowering in SG. This work extends the literature exploring genotypic-specific flowering responses to elevated [CO2].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Kinmonth-Schultz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America
- Departiment of Biology, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN, United States of America
| | - Stephen Michael Walker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America
| | - Kerem Bingol
- Department of Energy, Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - David W. Hoyt
- Department of Energy, Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Young-Mo Kim
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Lye Meng Markillie
- Department of Energy, Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Hugh D. Mitchell
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Carrie D. Nicora
- Department of Energy, Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Ronald Taylor
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Joy K. Ward
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
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Matsuno M, Yokoe S, Nagatsuka T, Morihara H, Moriwaki K, Asahi M. O-GlcNAcylation-induced GSK-3β activation deteriorates pressure overload-induced heart failure via lack of compensatory cardiac hypertrophy in mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1122125. [PMID: 37033243 PMCID: PMC10073727 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1122125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) modulates many functions of proteins via O-GlcNAcylation that adds O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to the serine/threonine residues of proteins. However, the role of O-GlcNAcylation in cardiac remodeling and function is not fully understood. To examine the effect of O-GlcNAcylation on pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and subsequent heart failure, transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery was performed in wild type (WT) and Ogt transgenic (Ogt-Tg) mice. Four weeks after TAC (TAC4W), the heart function of Ogt-Tg mice was significantly lower than that of WT mice (reduced fractional shortening and increased ANP levels). The myocardium of left ventricle (LV) in Ogt-Tg mice became much thinner than that in WT mice. Moreover, compared to the heart tissues of WT mice, O-GlcNAcylation of GSK-3β at Ser9 was increased and phosphorylation of GSK-3β at Ser9 was reduced in the heart tissues of Ogt-Tg mice, resulting in its activation and subsequent inactivation of nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT) activity. Finally, the thinned LV wall and reduced cardiac function induced by TAC4W in Ogt-Tg mice was reversed by the treatment of a GSK-3β inhibitor, TDZD-8. These results imply that augmented O-GlcNAcylation exacerbates pressure overload-induced heart failure due to a lack of compensatory cardiac hypertrophy via O-GlcNAcylation of GSK-3β, which deprives the phosphorylation site of GSK-3β to constantly inactivate NFAT activity to prevent cardiac hypertrophy. Our findings may provide a new therapeutic strategy for cardiac hypertrophy and subsequent heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahito Matsuno
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shunichi Yokoe
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takehiro Nagatsuka
- Center for Medical Research & Development, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Morihara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Moriwaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michio Asahi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Michio Asahi,
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Silva-Aguiar RP, Peruchetti DB, Pinheiro AAS, Caruso-Neves C, Dias WB. O-GlcNAcylation in Renal (Patho)Physiology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911260. [PMID: 36232558 PMCID: PMC9569498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidneys maintain internal milieu homeostasis through a well-regulated manipulation of body fluid composition. This task is performed by the correlation between structure and function in the nephron. Kidney diseases are chronic conditions impacting healthcare programs globally, and despite efforts, therapeutic options for its treatment are limited. The development of chronic degenerative diseases is associated with changes in protein O-GlcNAcylation, a post-translation modification involved in the regulation of diverse cell function. O-GlcNAcylation is regulated by the enzymatic balance between O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) which add and remove GlcNAc residues on target proteins, respectively. Furthermore, the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway provides the substrate for protein O-GlcNAcylation. Beyond its physiological role, several reports indicate the participation of protein O-GlcNAcylation in cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and metabolic diseases. In this review, we discuss the impact of protein O-GlcNAcylation on physiological renal function, disease conditions, and possible future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo P. Silva-Aguiar
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Diogo B. Peruchetti
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Ana Acacia S. Pinheiro
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health-NanoSAÚDE/FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Celso Caruso-Neves
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health-NanoSAÚDE/FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Wagner B. Dias
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Chakravarti R, Lenka SK, Gautam A, Singh R, Ravichandiran V, Roy S, Ghosh D. A Review on CRISPR-Mediated Epigenome Editing: A Future Directive for Therapeutic Management of Cancer. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:836-853. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220117105531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Recent studies have shed light on the role of epigenetic marks in certain diseases like cancer, type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and cardiovascular dysfunction, to name a few. Epigenetic marks like DNA methylation and histone acetylation are randomly altered in the disease state. It has been seen that methylation of DNA and histones can result in down-regulation of gene expression, whereas histone acetylation, ubiquitination, and phosphorylation are linked to enhanced expression of genes. How can we precisely target such epigenetic aberrations to prevent the advent of diseases? The answer lies in the amalgamation of the efficient genome editing technique, CRISPR, with certain effector molecules that can alter the status of epigenetic marks as well as employ certain transcriptional activators or repressors. In this review, we have discussed the rationale of epigenetic editing as a therapeutic strategy and how CRISPR-Cas9 technology coupled with epigenetic effector tags can efficiently edit epigenetic targets. In the later part, we have discussed how certain epigenetic effectors are tagged with dCas9 to elicit epigenetic changes in cancer. Increased interest in exploring the epigenetic background of cancer and non-communicable diseases like type II diabetes mellitus and obesity accompanied with technological breakthroughs has made it possible to perform large-scale epigenome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudra Chakravarti
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Swadhin Kumar Lenka
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Anupam Gautam
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rajveer Singh
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Velayutham Ravichandiran
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Syamal Roy
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
| | - Dipanjan Ghosh
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
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Zhan J, Chen C, Wang DW, Li H. Hyperglycemic memory in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Front Med 2021; 16:25-38. [PMID: 34921674 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-021-0881-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases account for approximately 80% of deaths among individuals with diabetes mellitus, with diabetic cardiomyopathy as the major diabetic cardiovascular complication. Hyperglycemia is a symptom that abnormally activates multiple downstream pathways and contributes to cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, apoptosis, and other pathophysiological changes. Although glycemic control has long been at the center of diabetes therapy, multicenter randomized clinical studies have revealed that intensive glycemic control fails to reduce heart failure-associated hospitalization and mortality in patients with diabetes. This finding indicates that hyperglycemic stress persists in the cardiovascular system of patients with diabetes even if blood glucose level is tightly controlled to the normal level. This process is now referred to as hyperglycemic memory (HGM) phenomenon. We briefly reviewed herein the current advances that have been achieved in research on the underlying mechanisms of HGM in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabing Zhan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Huaping Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Sheikh MA, Emerald BS, Ansari SA. Stem cell fate determination through protein O-GlcNAcylation. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100035. [PMID: 33154167 PMCID: PMC7948975 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.014915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic and adult stem cells possess the capability of self-renewal and lineage-specific differentiation. The intricate balance between self-renewal and differentiation is governed by developmental signals and cell-type-specific gene regulatory mechanisms. A perturbed intra/extracellular environment during lineage specification could affect stem cell fate decisions resulting in pathology. Growing evidence demonstrates that metabolic pathways govern epigenetic regulation of gene expression during stem cell fate commitment through the utilization of metabolic intermediates or end products of metabolic pathways as substrates for enzymatic histone/DNA modifications. UDP-GlcNAc is one such metabolite that acts as a substrate for enzymatic mono-glycosylation of various nuclear, cytosolic, and mitochondrial proteins on serine/threonine amino acid residues, a process termed protein O-GlcNAcylation. The levels of GlcNAc inside the cells depend on the nutrient availability, especially glucose. Thus, this metabolic sensor could modulate gene expression through O-GlcNAc modification of histones or other proteins in response to metabolic fluctuations. Herein, we review evidence demonstrating how stem cells couple metabolic inputs to gene regulatory pathways through O-GlcNAc-mediated epigenetic/transcriptional regulatory mechanisms to govern self-renewal and lineage-specific differentiation programs. This review will serve as a primer for researchers seeking to better understand how O-GlcNAc influences stemness and may catalyze the discovery of new stem-cell-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abid Sheikh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Bright Starling Emerald
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE; Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Suraiya Anjum Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE; Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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Konzman D, Abramowitz LK, Steenackers A, Mukherjee MM, Na HJ, Hanover JA. O-GlcNAc: Regulator of Signaling and Epigenetics Linked to X-linked Intellectual Disability. Front Genet 2020; 11:605263. [PMID: 33329753 PMCID: PMC7719714 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.605263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular identity in multicellular organisms is maintained by characteristic transcriptional networks, nutrient consumption, energy production and metabolite utilization. Integrating these cell-specific programs are epigenetic modifiers, whose activity is often dependent on nutrients and their metabolites to function as substrates and co-factors. Emerging data has highlighted the role of the nutrient-sensing enzyme O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) as an epigenetic modifier essential in coordinating cellular transcriptional programs and metabolic homeostasis. OGT utilizes the end-product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway to modify proteins with O-linked β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc). The levels of the modification are held in check by the O-GlcNAcase (OGA). Studies from model organisms and human disease underscore the conserved function these two enzymes of O-GlcNAc cycling play in transcriptional regulation, cellular plasticity and mitochondrial reprogramming. Here, we review these findings and present an integrated view of how O-GlcNAc cycling may contribute to cellular memory and transgenerational inheritance of responses to parental stress. We focus on a rare human genetic disorder where mutant forms of OGT are inherited or acquired de novo. Ongoing analysis of this disorder, OGT- X-linked intellectual disability (OGT-XLID), provides a window into how epigenetic factors linked to O-GlcNAc cycling may influence neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Konzman
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lara K Abramowitz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Agata Steenackers
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mana Mohan Mukherjee
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Hyun-Jin Na
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John A Hanover
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Sun C, Lan W, Li B, Zuo R, Xing H, Liu M, Li J, Yao Y, Wu J, Tang Y, Liu H, Zhou Y. Glucose regulates tissue-specific chondro-osteogenic differentiation of human cartilage endplate stem cells via O-GlcNAcylation of Sox9 and Runx2. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:357. [PMID: 31779679 PMCID: PMC6883626 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a major cause of low back pain. The physiological low-glucose microenvironment of the cartilage endplate (CEP) is disrupted in DDD. Glucose influences protein O-GlcNAcylation via the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), which is the key to stem cell fate. Thiamet-G is an inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase for accumulating O-GlcNAcylated proteins while 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) inhibits HBP. Mechanisms of DDD are incompletely understood but include CEP degeneration and calcification. We aimed to identify the molecular mechanisms of glucose in CEP calcification in DDD. METHODS We assessed normal and degenerated CEP tissues from patients, and the effects of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis of the CEP were determined by western blot and immunohistochemical staining. Cartilage endplate stem cells (CESCs) were induced with low-, normal-, and high-glucose medium for 21 days, and chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiations were measured by Q-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemical staining. CESCs were induced with low-glucose and high-glucose medium with or without Thiamet-G or DON for 21 days, and chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiations were measured by Q-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemical staining. Sox9 and Runx2 O-GlcNAcylation were measured by immunofluorescence. The effects of O-GlcNAcylation on the downstream genes of Sox9 and Runx2 were determined by Q-PCR and western blot. RESULTS Degenerated CEPs from DDD patients lost chondrogenesis, acquired osteogenesis, and had higher protein O-GlcNAcylation level compared to normal CEPs from LVF patients. CESC chondrogenic differentiation gradually decreased while osteogenic differentiation gradually increased from low- to high-glucose differentiation medium. Furthermore, Thiamet-G promoted CESC osteogenic differentiation and inhibited chondrogenic differentiation in low-glucose differentiation medium; however, DON acted opposite role in high-glucose differentiation medium. Interestingly, we found that Sox9 and Runx2 were O-GlcNAcylated in differentiated CESCs. Finally, O-GlcNAcylation of Sox9 and Runx2 decreased chondrogenesis and increased osteogenesis in CESCs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate the effect of glucose concentration on regulating the chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential of CESCs and provide insight into the mechanism of how glucose concentration regulates Sox9 and Runx2 O-GlcNAcylation to affect the differentiation of CESCs, which may represent a target for CEP degeneration therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiren Lan
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zuo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xing
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Junlong Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Wang Y, Dong C, Zhou BP. Metabolic reprogram associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition in tumor progression and metastasis. Genes Dis 2019; 7:172-184. [PMID: 32215287 PMCID: PMC7083713 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is a de-differentiation program that imparts tumor cells with the phenotypic and cellular plasticity required for drug resistance, metastasis, and recurrence. This dynamic and reversible events is governed by a network of EMT-transcription factors (EMT-TFs) through epigenetic regulation. Many chromatin modifying-enzymes utilize metabolic intermediates as cofactors or substrates; this suggests that EMT is subjected to the metabolic regulation. Conversely, EMT rewires metabolic program to accommodate cellular changes during EMT. Here we summarize the latest findings regarding the epigenetic regulation of EMT, and discuss the mutual interactions among metabolism, epigenetic regulation, and EMT. Finally, we provide perspectives of how this interplay contributes to cellular plasticity, which may result in the clinical manifestation of tumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China
| | - Chenfang Dong
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Department of Surgical Oncology (Breast Center) of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Binhua P Zhou
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
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11
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Blocked O-GlcNAc cycling disrupts mouse hematopoeitic stem cell maintenance and early T cell development. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12569. [PMID: 31467334 PMCID: PMC6715813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48991-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Small numbers of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) balance self-renewal and differentiation to produce the diversity and abundance of cell types that make up the blood system. How nutrients are recruited to support this massive differentiation and proliferation process remains largely unknown. The unique metabolism of adult HSCs, which rely on glycolysis and glutaminolysis, suggests a potential role for the post-translational modification O-GlcNAc as a critical nutrient signal in these cells. Glutamine, glucose, and other metabolites drive the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) ultimately leading to the O-GlcNAc modification of critical intracellular targets. Here, we used a conditional targeted genetic deletion of the enzyme that removes O-GlcNAc, O-GlcNAcase (OGA), to determine the consequences of blocked O-GlcNAc cycling on HSCs. Oga deletion in mouse HSCs resulted in greatly diminished progenitor pools, impaired stem cell self-renewal and nearly complete loss of competitive repopulation capacity. Further, early T cell specification was particularly sensitive to Oga deletion. Loss of Oga resulted in a doubling of apoptotic cells within the bone marrow and transcriptional deregulation of key genes involved in adult stem cell maintenance and lineage specification. These findings suggest that O-GlcNAc cycling plays a critical role in supporting HSC homeostasis and early thymocyte development.
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12
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Nagy T, Fisi V, Frank D, Kátai E, Nagy Z, Miseta A. Hyperglycemia-Induced Aberrant Cell Proliferation; A Metabolic Challenge Mediated by Protein O-GlcNAc Modification. Cells 2019; 8:E999. [PMID: 31466420 PMCID: PMC6769692 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia has been associated with an increased prevalence of pathological conditions including cardiovascular disease, cancer, or various disorders of the immune system. In some cases, these associations may be traced back to a common underlying cause, but more often, hyperglycemia and the disturbance in metabolic balance directly facilitate pathological changes in the regular cellular functions. One such cellular function crucial for every living organism is cell cycle regulation/mitotic activity. Although metabolic challenges have long been recognized to influence cell proliferation, the direct impact of diabetes on cell cycle regulatory elements is a relatively uncharted territory. Among other "nutrient sensing" mechanisms, protein O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification emerged in recent years as a major contributor to the deleterious effects of hyperglycemia. An increasing amount of evidence suggest that O-GlcNAc may significantly influence the cell cycle and cellular proliferation. In our present review, we summarize the current data available on the direct impact of metabolic changes caused by hyperglycemia in pathological conditions associated with cell cycle disorders. We also review published experimental evidence supporting the hypothesis that O-GlcNAc modification may be one of the missing links between metabolic regulation and cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Nagy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Viktória Fisi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Frank
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7621 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Emese Kátai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Nagy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Miseta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
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13
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Rahe DP, Hobert O. Restriction of Cellular Plasticity of Differentiated Cells Mediated by Chromatin Modifiers, Transcription Factors and Protein Kinases. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2019; 9:2287-2302. [PMID: 31088904 PMCID: PMC6643894 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ectopic expression of master regulatory transcription factors can reprogram the identity of specific cell types. The effectiveness of such induced cellular reprogramming is generally greatly reduced if the cellular substrates are fully differentiated cells. For example, in the nematode C. elegans, the ectopic expression of a neuronal identity-inducing transcription factor, CHE-1, can effectively induce CHE-1 target genes in immature cells but not in fully mature non-neuronal cells. To understand the molecular basis of this progressive restriction of cellular plasticity, we screened for C. elegans mutants in which ectopically expressed CHE-1 is able to induce neuronal effector genes in epidermal cells. We identified a ubiquitin hydrolase, usp-48, that restricts cellular plasticity with a notable cellular specificity. Even though we find usp-48 to be very broadly expressed in all tissue types, usp-48 null mutants specifically make epidermal cells susceptible to CHE-1-mediated activation of neuronal target genes. We screened for additional genes that allow epidermal cells to be at least partially reprogrammed by ectopic che-1 expression and identified many additional proteins that restrict cellular plasticity of epidermal cells, including a chromatin-related factor (H3K79 methyltransferase, DOT-1.1), a transcription factor (nuclear hormone receptor NHR-48), two MAPK-type protein kinases (SEK-1 and PMK-1), a nuclear localized O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT-1) and a member of large family of nuclear proteins related to the Rb-associated LIN-8 chromatin factor. These findings provide novel insights into the control of cellular plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan P Rahe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Oliver Hobert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY
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14
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Chen W, Do KC, Saxton B, Leng S, Filipczak P, Tessema M, Belinsky SA, Lin Y. Inhibition of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway potentiates cisplatin cytotoxicity by decreasing BiP expression in non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1046-1055. [PMID: 30790354 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Platinum anticancer agents are essential components in chemotherapeutic regimens for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients ineligible for targeted therapy. However, platinum-based regimens have reached a plateau of therapeutic efficacy; therefore, it is critical to implement novel approaches for improvement. The hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), which produces amino-sugar N-acetyl-glucosamine for protein glycosylation, is important for protein function and cell survival. Here we show a beneficial effect by the combination of cisplatin with HBP inhibition. Expression of glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT), the rate-limiting enzyme of HBP, was increased in NSCLC cell lines and tissues. Pharmacological inhibition of GFAT activity or knockdown of GFATimpaired cell proliferation and exerted synergistic or additive cytotoxicity to the cells treated with cisplatin. Mechanistically, GFAT positively regulated the expression of binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP; also known as glucose-regulated protein 78, GRP78), an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone involved in unfolded protein response (UPR). Suppressing GFAT activity resulted in downregulation of BiP that activated inositol-requiring enzyme 1α, a sensor protein of UPR, and exacerbated cisplatin-induced cell apoptosis. These data identify GFAT-mediated HBP as a target for improving platinum-based chemotherapy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshu Chen
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Kieu C Do
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Bryanna Saxton
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Piotr Filipczak
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Mathewos Tessema
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Steven A Belinsky
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Yong Lin
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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15
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Shi J, Ruijtenbeek R, Pieters RJ. Demystifying O-GlcNAcylation: hints from peptide substrates. Glycobiology 2019; 28:814-824. [PMID: 29635275 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation, analogous to phosphorylation, is an essential post-translational modification of proteins at Ser/Thr residues with a single β-N-acetylglucosamine moiety. This dynamic protein modification regulates many fundamental cellular processes and its deregulation has been linked to chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders. Reversible attachment and removal of O-GlcNAc is governed only by O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase, respectively. Peptide substrates, derived from natural O-GlcNAcylation targets, function in the catalytic cores of these two enzymes by maintaining interactions between enzyme and substrate, which makes them ideal models for the study of O-GlcNAcylation and deglycosylation. These peptides provide valuable tools for a deeper understanding of O-GlcNAc processing enzymes. By taking advantage of peptide chemistry, recent progress in the study of activity and regulatory mechanisms of these two enzymes has advanced our understanding of their fundamental specificities as well as their potential as therapeutic targets. Hence, this review summarizes the recent achievements on this modification studied at the peptide level, focusing on enzyme activity, enzyme specificity, direct function, site-specific antibodies and peptide substrate-inspired inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shi
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Ruijtenbeek
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.,PamGene International BV, HH's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Roland J Pieters
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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16
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Abramowitz LK, Hanover JA. T cell development and the physiological role of
O
‐GlcNAc. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3943-3949. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lara K. Abramowitz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institute of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - John A. Hanover
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institute of Health Bethesda MD USA
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17
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O-GlcNAc in cancer: An Oncometabolism-fueled vicious cycle. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2018; 50:155-173. [PMID: 29594839 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-018-9751-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit unregulated growth, altered metabolism, enhanced metastatic potential and altered cell surface glycans. Fueled by oncometabolism and elevated uptake of glucose and glutamine, the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) sustains glycosylation in the endomembrane system. In addition, the elevated pools of UDP-GlcNAc drives the O-GlcNAc modification of key targets in the cytoplasm, nucleus and mitochondrion. These targets include transcription factors, kinases, key cytoplasmic enzymes of intermediary metabolism, and electron transport chain complexes. O-GlcNAcylation can thereby alter epigenetics, transcription, signaling, proteostasis, and bioenergetics, key 'hallmarks of cancer'. In this review, we summarize accumulating evidence that many cancer hallmarks are linked to dysregulation of O-GlcNAc cycling on cancer-relevant targets. We argue that onconutrient and oncometabolite-fueled elevation increases HBP flux and triggers O-GlcNAcylation of key regulatory enzymes in glycolysis, Kreb's cycle, pentose-phosphate pathway, and the HBP itself. The resulting rerouting of glucose metabolites leads to elevated O-GlcNAcylation of oncogenes and tumor suppressors further escalating elevation in HBP flux creating a 'vicious cycle'. Downstream, elevated O-GlcNAcylation alters DNA repair and cellular stress pathways which influence oncogenesis. The elevated steady-state levels of O-GlcNAcylated targets found in many cancers may also provide these cells with a selective advantage for sustained growth, enhanced metastatic potential, and immune evasion in the tumor microenvironment.
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18
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Kang KA, Piao MJ, Ryu YS, Kang HK, Chang WY, Keum YS, Hyun JW. Interaction of DNA demethylase and histone methyltransferase upregulates Nrf2 in 5-fluorouracil-resistant colon cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:40594-40620. [PMID: 27259240 PMCID: PMC5130030 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that DNA demethylase ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET1) upregulates nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in 5-fluorouracil-resistant colon cancer cells (SNUC5/5-FUR). In the present study, we examined the effect of histone modifications on Nrf2 transcriptional activation. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) and histone acetyltransferase (HAT) were respectively decreased and increased in SNUC5/5-FUR cells as compared to non-resistant parent cells. Mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL), a histone methyltransferase, was upregulated, leading to increased trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 4, while G9a was downregulated, leading to decreased dimethylation of histone H3 lysine 9. siRNA-mediated MLL knockdown decreased levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 to a greater extent than did silencing HAT1. Host cell factor 1 (HCF1) was upregulated in SNUC5/5-FUR cells, and we observed interaction between HCF1 and MLL. Upregulation of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), an activator of HCF1, was also associated with HCF1-MLL interaction. In SNUC5/5-FUR cells, a larger fraction of OGT was bound to TET1, which recruits OGT to the Nrf2 promoter region, than in SNUC5 cells. These findings indicate that SNUC5/5-FUR cells are under oxidative stress, which induces expression of histone methylation-related proteins as well as DNA demethylase, leading to upregulation of Nrf2 and 5-FU resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Ah Kang
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Mei Jing Piao
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea Seong Ryu
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Kyoung Kang
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Weon Young Chang
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sam Keum
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
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19
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Krause MW, Love DC, Ghosh SK, Wang P, Yun S, Fukushige T, Hanover JA. Nutrient-Driven O-GlcNAcylation at Promoters Impacts Genome-Wide RNA Pol II Distribution. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:521. [PMID: 30250452 PMCID: PMC6139338 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrient-driven O-GlcNAcylation has been linked to epigenetic regulation of gene expression in metazoans. In C. elegans, O-GlcNAc marks the promoters of over 800 developmental, metabolic, and stress-related genes; these O-GlcNAc marked genes show a strong 5', promoter-proximal bias in the distribution of RNA Polymerase II (Pol II). In response to starvation or feeding, the steady state distribution of O-GlcNAc at promoters remain nearly constant presumably due to dynamic cycling mediated by the transferase OGT-1 and the O-GlcNAcase OGA-1. However, in viable mutants lacking either of these enzymes of O-GlcNAc metabolism, the nutrient-responsive GlcNAcylation of promoters is dramatically altered. Blocked O-GlcNAc cycling leads to a striking nutrient-dependent accumulation of O-GlcNAc on RNA Pol II. O-GlcNAc cycling mutants also show an exaggerated, nutrient-responsive redistribution of promoter-proximal RNA Pol II isoforms and extensive transcriptional deregulation. Our findings suggest a complex interplay between the O-GlcNAc modification at promoters, the kinase-dependent "CTD-code," and co-factors regulating RNA Pol II dynamics. Nutrient-responsive O-GlcNAc cycling may buffer the transcriptional apparatus from dramatic swings in nutrient availability by modulating promoter activity to meet metabolic and developmental needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Krause
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dona C. Love
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Salil K. Ghosh
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Peng Wang
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sijung Yun
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tetsunari Fukushige
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John A. Hanover
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: John A. Hanover
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20
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The Role of Stress-Induced O-GlcNAc Protein Modification in the Regulation of Membrane Transport. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1308692. [PMID: 29456783 PMCID: PMC5804373 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1308692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a posttranslational modification that is increasingly recognized as a signal transduction mechanism. Unlike other glycans, O-GlcNAc is a highly dynamic and reversible process that involves the addition and removal of a single N-acetylglucosamine molecule to Ser/Thr residues of proteins. UDP-GlcNAc—the direct substrate for O-GlcNAc modification—is controlled by the rate of cellular metabolism, and thus O-GlcNAc is dependent on substrate availability. Serving as a feedback mechanism, O-GlcNAc influences the regulation of insulin signaling and glucose transport. Besides nutrient sensing, O-GlcNAc was also implicated in the regulation of various physiological and pathophysiological processes. Due to improvements of mass spectrometry techniques, more than one thousand proteins were detected to carry the O-GlcNAc moiety; many of them are known to participate in the regulation of metabolites, ions, or protein transport across biological membranes. Recent studies also indicated that O-GlcNAc is involved in stress adaptation; overwhelming evidences suggest that O-GlcNAc levels increase upon stress. O-GlcNAc elevation is generally considered to be beneficial during stress, although the exact nature of its protective effect is not understood. In this review, we summarize the current data regarding the oxidative stress-related changes of O-GlcNAc levels and discuss the implications related to membrane trafficking.
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21
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Akan I, Olivier-Van Stichelen S, Bond MR, Hanover JA. Nutrient-driven O-GlcNAc in proteostasis and neurodegeneration. J Neurochem 2017; 144:7-34. [PMID: 29049853 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proteostasis is essential in the mammalian brain where post-mitotic cells must function for decades to maintain synaptic contacts and memory. The brain is dependent on glucose and other metabolites for proper function and is spared from metabolic deficits even during starvation. In this review, we outline how the nutrient-sensitive nucleocytoplasmic post-translational modification O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) regulates protein homeostasis. The O-GlcNAc modification is highly abundant in the mammalian brain and has been linked to proteopathies, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's. C. elegans, Drosophila, and mouse models harboring O-GlcNAc transferase- and O-GlcNAcase-knockout alleles have helped define the role O-GlcNAc plays in development as well as age-associated neurodegenerative disease. These enzymes add and remove the single monosaccharide from protein serine and threonine residues, respectively. Blocking O-GlcNAc cycling is detrimental to mammalian brain development and interferes with neurogenesis, neural migration, and proteostasis. Findings in C. elegans and Drosophila model systems indicate that the dynamic turnover of O-GlcNAc is critical for maintaining levels of key transcriptional regulators responsible for neurodevelopment cell fate decisions. In addition, pathways of autophagy and proteasomal degradation depend on a transcriptional network that is also reliant on O-GlcNAc cycling. Like the quality control system in the endoplasmic reticulum which uses a 'mannose timer' to monitor protein folding, we propose that cytoplasmic proteostasis relies on an 'O-GlcNAc timer' to help regulate the lifetime and fate of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. O-GlcNAc-dependent developmental alterations impact metabolism and growth of the developing mouse embryo and persist into adulthood. Brain-selective knockout mouse models will be an important tool for understanding the role of O-GlcNAc in the physiology of the brain and its susceptibility to neurodegenerative injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilhan Akan
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Michelle R Bond
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John A Hanover
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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22
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Epigenetic Bases of Aberrant Glycosylation in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050998. [PMID: 28481247 PMCID: PMC5454911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, the sugar portions of glycoproteins, glycolipids, and glycosaminoglycans constitute the glycome, and the genes involved in their biosynthesis, degradation, transport and recognition are referred to as “glycogenes“. The extreme complexity of the glycome requires the regulatory layer to be provided by the epigenetic mechanisms. Almost all types of cancers present glycosylation aberrations, giving rise to phenotypic changes and to the expression of tumor markers. In this review, we discuss how cancer-associated alterations of promoter methylation, histone methylation/acetylation, and miRNAs determine glycomic changes associated with the malignant phenotype. Usually, increased promoter methylation and miRNA expression induce glycogene silencing. However, treatment with demethylating agents sometimes results in silencing, rather than in a reactivation of glycogenes, suggesting the involvement of distant methylation-dependent regulatory elements. From a therapeutic perspective aimed at the normalization of the malignant glycome, it appears that miRNA targeting of cancer-deranged glycogenes can be a more specific and promising approach than the use of drugs, which broad target methylation/acetylation. A very specific type of glycosylation, the addition of GlcNAc to serine or threonine (O-GlcNAc), is not only regulated by epigenetic mechanisms, but is an epigenetic modifier of histones and transcription factors. Thus, glycosylation is both under the control of epigenetic mechanisms and is an integral part of the epigenetic code.
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23
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Olivier-Van Stichelen S, Wang P, Comly M, Love DC, Hanover JA. Nutrient-driven O-linked N-acetylglucosamine ( O-GlcNAc) cycling impacts neurodevelopmental timing and metabolism. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:6076-6085. [PMID: 28246173 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.774042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient-driven O-GlcNAcylation is strikingly abundant in the brain and has been linked to development and neurodegenerative disease. We selectively targeted the O-GlcNAcase (Oga) gene in the mouse brain to define the role of O-GlcNAc cycling in the central nervous system. Brain knockout animals exhibited dramatically increased brain O-GlcNAc levels and pleiotropic phenotypes, including early-onset obesity, growth defects, and metabolic dysregulation. Anatomical defects in the Oga knockout included delayed brain differentiation and neurogenesis as well as abnormal proliferation accompanying a developmental delay. The molecular basis for these defects included transcriptional changes accompanying differentiating embryonic stem cells. In Oga KO mouse ES cells, we observed pronounced changes in expression of pluripotency markers, including Sox2, Nanog, and Otx2. These findings link the O-GlcNAc modification to mammalian neurogenesis and highlight the role of this nutrient-sensing pathway in developmental plasticity and metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peng Wang
- From the Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Marcy Comly
- From the Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Dona C Love
- From the Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - John A Hanover
- From the Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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24
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Winkler AJ, Dominguez-Nuñez JA, Aranaz I, Poza-Carrión C, Ramonell K, Somerville S, Berrocal-Lobo M. Short-Chain Chitin Oligomers: Promoters of Plant Growth. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15020040. [PMID: 28212295 PMCID: PMC5334620 DOI: 10.3390/md15020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer in nature after cellulose, and it forms an integral part of insect exoskeletons, crustacean shells, krill and the cell walls of fungal spores, where it is present as a high-molecular-weight molecule. In this study, we showed that a chitin oligosaccharide of lower molecular weight (tetramer) induced genes in Arabidopsis that are principally related to vegetative growth, development and carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Based on plant responses to this chitin tetramer, a low-molecular-weight chitin mix (CHL) enriched to 92% with dimers (2mer), trimers (3mer) and tetramers (4mer) was produced for potential use in biotechnological processes. Compared with untreated plants, CHL-treated plants had increased in vitro fresh weight (10%), radicle length (25%) and total carbon and nitrogen content (6% and 8%, respectively). Our data show that low-molecular-weight forms of chitin might play a role in nature as bio-stimulators of plant growth, and they are also a known direct source of carbon and nitrogen for soil biomass. The biochemical properties of the CHL mix might make it useful as a non-contaminating bio-stimulant of plant growth and a soil restorer for greenhouses and fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Winkler
- Department of Systems and Natural Resources, MONTES (School of Forest Engineering and Natural Environment), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Department for Wood Biology, Centre for Wood Science and Technology, Universität Hamburg, Leuschnerstr. 91d, D-2103 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Jose Alfonso Dominguez-Nuñez
- Department of Systems and Natural Resources, MONTES (School of Forest Engineering and Natural Environment), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Aranaz
- Departamento de Físico-Química, Instituto de Estudios Bifuncionales, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Paseo Juan XXIII, 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Katrina Ramonell
- Department of Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 870344, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
| | - Shauna Somerville
- Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Science, 260 Panama St., Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Marta Berrocal-Lobo
- Department of Systems and Natural Resources, MONTES (School of Forest Engineering and Natural Environment), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain.
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Guo H, Zhang B, Nairn AV, Nagy T, Moremen KW, Buckhaults P, Pierce M. O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine ( O-GlcNAc) Expression Levels Epigenetically Regulate Colon Cancer Tumorigenesis by Affecting the Cancer Stem Cell Compartment via Modulating Expression of Transcriptional Factor MYBL1. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:4123-4137. [PMID: 28096468 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.763201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the regulation of colorectal adenocarcinoma progression by O-GlcNAc, we have focused on the O-GlcNAc-mediated epigenetic regulation of human colon cancer stem cells (CCSC). Xenograft tumors from colon tumor cells with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) knockdown grew significantly slower than those formed from control cells, indicating a reduced proliferation of tumor cells due to inhibition of OGT expression. Significant reduction of the CCSC population was observed in the tumor cells after OGT knockdown, whereas tumor cells treated with the O-GlcNAcase inhibitor showed an increased CCSC population, indicating that O-GlcNAc levels regulated the CCSC compartment. When grown in suspension, tumor cells with OGT knockdown showed a reduced ability to form tumorspheres, indicating a reduced self-renewal of CCSC due to reduced levels of O-GlcNAc. ChIP-sequencing experiments using an anti-O-GlcNAc antibody revealed significant chromatin enrichment of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins at the promoter of the transcription factor MYBL1, which was also characterized by the presence of H3K27me3. RNA-sequencing analysis showed an increased expression of MYBL1 in tumor cells with OGT knockdown. Forced overexpression of MYBL1 led to a reduced population of CCSC and tumor growth in vivo, similar to the effects of OGT silencing. Moreover, two CpG islands near the transcription start site of MYBL1 were identified, and O-GlcNAc levels regulated their methylation status. These results strongly argue that O-GlcNAc epigenetically regulates MYBL1, functioning similarly to H3K27me3. The aberrant CCSC compartment observed after modulating O-GlcNAc levels is therefore likely to result, at least in part, from the epigenetic regulation of MYBL1 expression by O-GlcNAc, thereby significantly affecting tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabei Guo
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, and
| | - Bing Zhang
- the Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, and
| | - Alison V Nairn
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, and
| | - Tamas Nagy
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, and
| | - Phillip Buckhaults
- the South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Michael Pierce
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, and
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26
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Navarro E, Funtikova AN, Fíto M, Schröder H. Prenatal nutrition and the risk of adult obesity: Long-term effects of nutrition on epigenetic mechanisms regulating gene expression. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 39:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Raj R, Lercher L, Mohammed S, Davis BG. Synthetic Nucleosomes Reveal that GlcNAcylation Modulates Direct Interaction with the FACT Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:8918-22. [PMID: 27272618 PMCID: PMC5111754 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201603106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation can be established by various post-translational modifications (PTMs) on histone proteins in the nucleosome and by nucleobase modifications on chromosomal DNA. Functional consequences of histone O-GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc=O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine) are largely unexplored. Herein, we generate homogeneously GlcNAcylated histones and nucleosomes by chemical post-translational modification. Mass-spectrometry-based quantitative interaction proteomics reveals a direct interaction between GlcNAcylated nucleosomes and the "facilitates chromatin transcription" (FACT) complex. Preferential binding of FACT to GlcNAcylated nucleosomes may point towards O-GlcNAcylation as one of the triggers for FACT-driven transcriptional control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Raj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Lukas Lercher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Shabaz Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Benjamin G Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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Raj R, Lercher L, Mohammed S, Davis BG. Synthetic Nucleosomes Reveal that GlcNAcylation Modulates Direct Interaction with the FACT Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201603106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Raj
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory; Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Lukas Lercher
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory; Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Shabaz Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory; Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Benjamin G. Davis
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory; Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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Maccari S, Polese D, Reynaert ML, Amici T, Morley-Fletcher S, Fagioli F. Early-life experiences and the development of adult diseases with a focus on mental illness: The Human Birth Theory. Neuroscience 2016; 342:232-251. [PMID: 27235745 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, early adverse experiences, including mother-pup interactions, shape the response of an individual to chronic stress or to stress-related diseases during adult life. This has led to the elaboration of the theory of the developmental origins of health and disease, in particular adult diseases such as cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. In addition, in humans, as stated by Massimo Fagioli's Human Birth Theory, birth is healthy and equal for all individuals, so that mental illness develop exclusively in the postnatal period because of the quality of the relationship in the first year of life. Thus, this review focuses on the importance of programming during the early developmental period on the manifestation of adult diseases in both animal models and humans. Considering the obvious differences between animals and humans we cannot systematically move from animal models to humans. Consequently, in the first part of this review, we will discuss how animal models can be used to dissect the influence of adverse events occurring during the prenatal and postnatal periods on the developmental trajectories of the offspring, and in the second part, we will discuss the role of postnatal critical periods on the development of mental diseases in humans. Epigenetic mechanisms that cause reversible modifications in gene expression, driving the development of a pathological phenotype in response to a negative early postnatal environment, may lie at the core of this programming, thereby providing potential new therapeutic targets. The concept of the Human Birth Theory leads to a comprehension of the mental illness as a pathology of the human relationship immediately after birth and during the first year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Maccari
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France; IRCCS Neuromed, 86077, Italy; Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Daniela Polese
- NESMOS Department, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Unit of Psychiatry, Federico II University of Naples, Italy
| | - Marie-Line Reynaert
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Sara Morley-Fletcher
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Francesca Fagioli
- Prevention and early Intervention Mental Health (PIPSM) ASL Rome 1, Italy
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Zhou F, Huo J, Liu Y, Liu H, Liu G, Chen Y, Chen B. Elevated glucose levels impair the WNT/β-catenin pathway via the activation of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway in endometrial cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 159:19-25. [PMID: 26923859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common gynecological malignancies in the world. Associations between fasting glucose levels (greater than 5.6mmol/L) and the risk of cancer fatality have been reported. However, the underlying link between glucose metabolic disease and EC remains unclear. In the present study, we explored the influence of elevated glucose levels on the WNT/β-catenin pathway in EC. Previous studies have suggested that elevated concentrations of glucose can drive the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) flux, thereby enhancing the O-GlcNAc modification of proteins. Here, we cultured EC cell lines, AN3CA and HEC-1-B, with various concentrations of glucose. Results showed that when treated with high levels of glucose, both lines showed increased expression of β-catenin and O-GlcNAcylation levels; however, these effects could be abolished by the HBP inhibitors, Azaserine and 6-Diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine, and be restored by glucosamine. Moreover the AN3CA and HEC-1-B cells that were cultured with or without PUGNAc, an inhibitor of the O-GlcNAcase, showed that PUGNAc increased β-catenin levels. The results suggest that elevated glucose levels increase β-catenin expression via the activation of the HBP in EC cells. Subcellular fractionation experiments showed that AN3CA cells had a higher expression of intranuclear β-catenin in high glucose medium. Furthermore, TOP/FOP-Flash and RT-PCR results showed that glucose-induced increased expression of β-catenin triggered the transcription of target genes. In conclusion, elevated glucose levels, via HBP, increase the O-GlcNAcylation level, thereby inducing the over expression of β-catenin and subsequent transcription of the target genes in EC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxing Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Junwei Huo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, Shaanxi 718000, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Gaowei Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Biliang Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
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31
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Akan I, Love DC, Harwood KR, Bond MR, Hanover JA. Drosophila O-GlcNAcase Deletion Globally Perturbs Chromatin O-GlcNAcylation. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:9906-19. [PMID: 26957542 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.704783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene expression during Drosophila development is subject to regulation by the Polycomb (Pc), Trithorax (Trx), and Compass chromatin modifier complexes. O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT/SXC) is essential for Pc repression suggesting that the O-GlcNAcylation of proteins plays a key role in regulating development. OGT transfers O-GlcNAc onto serine and threonine residues in intrinsically disordered domains of key transcriptional regulators; O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes the modification. To pinpoint genomic regions that are regulated by O-GlcNAc levels, we performed ChIP-chip and microarray analysis after OGT or OGA RNAi knockdown in S2 cells. After OGA RNAi, we observed a genome-wide increase in the intensity of most O-GlcNAc-occupied regions including genes linked to cell cycle, ubiquitin, and steroid response. In contrast, O-GlcNAc levels were strikingly insensitive to OGA RNAi at sites of polycomb repression such as the Hox and NK homeobox gene clusters. Microarray analysis suggested that altered O-GlcNAc cycling perturbed the expression of genes associated with morphogenesis and cell cycle regulation. We then produced a viable null allele of oga (oga(del.1)) in Drosophila allowing visualization of altered O-GlcNAc cycling on polytene chromosomes. We found that trithorax (TRX), absent small or homeotic discs 1 (ASH1), and Compass member SET1 histone methyltransferases were O-GlcNAc-modified in oga(del.1) mutants. The oga(del.1) mutants displayed altered expression of a distinct set of cell cycle-related genes. Our results show that the loss of OGA in Drosophila globally impacts the epigenetic machinery allowing O-GlcNAc accumulation on RNA polymerase II and numerous chromatin factors including TRX, ASH1, and SET1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dona C Love
- NCI,National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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32
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Efimova EV, Takahashi S, Shamsi NA, Wu D, Labay E, Ulanovskaya OA, Weichselbaum RR, Kozmin SA, Kron SJ. Linking Cancer Metabolism to DNA Repair and Accelerated Senescence. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 14:173-84. [PMID: 26538285 PMCID: PMC4755886 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Conventional wisdom ascribes metabolic reprogramming in cancer to meeting increased demands for intermediates to support rapid proliferation. Prior models have proposed benefits toward cell survival, immortality, and stress resistance, although the recent discovery of oncometabolites has shifted attention to chromatin targets affecting gene expression. To explore further effects of cancer metabolism and epigenetic deregulation, DNA repair kinetics were examined in cells treated with metabolic intermediates, oncometabolites, and/or metabolic inhibitors by tracking resolution of double-strand breaks (DSB) in irradiated MCF7 breast cancer cells. Disrupting cancer metabolism revealed roles for both glycolysis and glutaminolysis in promoting DSB repair and preventing accelerated senescence after irradiation. Targeting pathways common to glycolysis and glutaminolysis uncovered opposing effects of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Treating cells with the HBP metabolite N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or augmenting protein O-GlcNAcylation with small molecules or RNAi targeting O-GlcNAcase each enhanced DSB repair, while targeting O-GlcNAc transferase reversed GlcNAc's effects. Opposing the HBP, TCA metabolites including α-ketoglutarate blocked DSB resolution. Strikingly, DNA repair could be restored by the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). Targeting downstream effectors of histone methylation and demethylation implicated the PRC1/2 polycomb complexes as the ultimate targets for metabolic regulation, reflecting known roles for Polycomb group proteins in nonhomologous end-joining DSB repair. Our findings that epigenetic effects of cancer metabolic reprogramming may promote DNA repair provide a molecular mechanism by which deregulation of metabolism may not only support cell growth but also maintain cell immortality, drive therapeutic resistance, and promote genomic instability. IMPLICATIONS By defining a pathway from deregulated metabolism to enhanced DNA damage response in cancer, these data provide a rationale for targeting downstream epigenetic effects of metabolic reprogramming to block cancer cell immortality and overcome resistance to genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Efimova
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Satoe Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Noumaan A Shamsi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ding Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Edwardine Labay
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Ralph R Weichselbaum
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sergey A Kozmin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stephen J Kron
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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Peterson SB, Hart GW. New insights: A role for O-GlcNAcylation in diabetic complications. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 51:150-61. [DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2015.1135102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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34
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Tan RR, Li YF, Zhang SJ, Huang WS, Tsoi B, Hu D, Wan X, Yang X, Wang Q, Kurihara H, He RR. Abnormal O-GlcNAcylation of Pax3 Occurring from Hyperglycemia-Induced Neural Tube Defects Is Ameliorated by Carnosine But Not Folic Acid in Chicken Embryos. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:281-294. [PMID: 26738858 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9581-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are among the most common of the embryonic abnormalities associated with hyperglycemic gestation. In this study, the molecular mechanisms of embryonic neurogenesis influenced by hyperglycemia was investigated using chicken embryo models. High-concentration glucose was administered into chicken eggs and resulted in increased plasma and brain tissue glucose, and suppressed expression of glucose transporters (GLUTs). The rate of NTD positively correlated with hyperglycemia. Furthermore, abnormally increased O-GlcNAcylation, a nutritionally responsive modification, of the key neural tube marker Pax3 protein led to the loss of this protein. This loss was not observed in a folate-deficiency NTD induced by methotrexate. Carnosine, an endogenous dipeptide, showed significant recovery effects on neural tube development. In contrast, folic acid, a well-known periconceptional agent, surprisingly showed relatively minimal effect. Higher expression levels of the Pax3 protein were found in the carnosine-treated groups, while lower expression levels were found in folic acid groups. Furthermore, the abnormal O-GlcNAcylation of the Pax3 protein was restored by carnosine. These results suggest new insights into using endogenous nutrients for the protection of embryonic neurodevelopment affected by diabetes gestation. The abnormal excessive O-GlcNAcylation of Pax3 may be responsible for the neural tube defects associated with hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Rong Tan
- College Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,International Center for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan TCM Science Academy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi-Fang Li
- College Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shi-Jie Zhang
- College Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wen-Shan Huang
- College Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Bun Tsoi
- College Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Dan Hu
- College Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xin Wan
- College Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | | | - Rong-Rong He
- College Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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35
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Liu H, Gu Y, Qi J, Han C, Zhang X, Bi C, Yu W. Inhibition of E-cadherin/catenin complex formation by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase is partially independent of its catalytic activity. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1851-60. [PMID: 26707622 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
p120-catenin (p120) contains a large central armadillo repeat domain, via which it binds to E‑cadherin to stabilize the latter, thereby regulating cell‑to‑cell adhesion. A previous study by our group demonstrated that O‑linked N‑acetylglucosamine (O‑GlcNAc) is involved in the regulation of the interaction between p120 and E‑cadherin. As O‑GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is able to directly bind to the majority of its target proteins, the present study hypothesized that OGT may additionally regulate the formation of the E‑cadherin/catenin complex independent of its catalytic activity. To verify this hypothesis, a catalytically inactive OGT mutant was expressed in H1299 cells, and its effects on the formation of the E‑cadherin/catenin complex were assessed. A cytoskeleton‑binding protein extraction assay confirmed that OGT inhibited the formation of the E‑cadherin/catenin complex independent of its catalytic activity. In addition, co‑immunoprecipitation and pull‑down assays were used to evaluate the interaction between OGT and p120. Immunoblotting indicated that OGT was able to directly bind to p120. To determine the domain of p120 involved in binding to OGT, a series of deletion mutants of p120 were constructed and subjected to protein binding assays by pull‑down assays. Immunoblotting showed that OGT bound to the regulatory and armadillo domains of p120, which might interfere with the interaction between p120 and E‑cadherin. Finally, OGT, p120 and E‑cadherin cytoplasmic domains (ECD) were recombinantly expressed in BL21 (DE3) recombinant E. coli cells, and a glutathione S‑transferase (GST) pull‑down assay was performed to assess the interactions among the purified recombinant proteins. Immunoblotting indicated that maltose‑binding protein (MBP)‑OGT inhibited the binding of His‑p120 to GST‑ECD in a dose‑dependent manner. All of these results suggested that OGT inhibited the formation of the E‑cadherin/catenin complex through reducing the interaction between p120 and E‑cadherin. The present study provided a novel underlying mechanism of the regulation of the interaction between p120 and E‑cadherin, and thus E‑cadherin‑mediated cell‑cell adhesion, which has essential roles in cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Liu
- Department of Glycobiology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yuchao Gu
- Department of Glycobiology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Jieqiong Qi
- Department of Glycobiology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Cuifang Han
- Department of Glycobiology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xinling Zhang
- Department of Glycobiology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Chuanlin Bi
- Department of Glycobiology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Wengong Yu
- Department of Glycobiology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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Durning SP, Flanagan-Steet H, Prasad N, Wells L. O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) Acts as a Glucose Sensor to Epigenetically Regulate the Insulin Gene in Pancreatic Beta Cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:2107-18. [PMID: 26598517 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.693580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The post-translational protein modification O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a proposed nutrient sensor that has been shown to regulate multiple biological pathways. This dynamic and inducible enzymatic modification to intracellular proteins utilizes the end product of the nutrient sensing hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, UDP-GlcNAc, as its substrate donor. Type II diabetic patients have elevated O-GlcNAc-modified proteins within pancreatic beta cells due to chronic hyperglycemia-induced glucose overload, but a molecular role for O-GlcNAc within beta cells remains unclear. Using directed pharmacological approaches in the mouse insulinoma-6 (Min6) cell line, we demonstrate that elevating nuclear O-GlcNAc increases intracellular insulin levels and preserves glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during chronic hyperglycemia. The molecular mechanism for these observed changes appears to be, at least in part, due to elevated O-GlcNAc-dependent increases in Ins1 and Ins2 mRNA levels via elevations in histone H3 transcriptional activation marks. Furthermore, RNA deep sequencing reveals that this mechanism of altered gene transcription is restricted and that the majority of genes regulated by elevated O-GlcNAc levels are similarly regulated by a shift from euglycemic to hyperglycemic conditions. These findings implicate the O-GlcNAc modification as a potential mechanism for hyperglycemic-regulated gene expression in the beta cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Durning
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-1516 and
| | - Heather Flanagan-Steet
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-1516 and
| | - Nripesh Prasad
- HudsonAlpha Institute of Biotechnology, Genomic Services Laboratory, Huntsville, Alabama 35806
| | - Lance Wells
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-1516 and
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37
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Lercher L, Raj R, Patel NA, Price J, Mohammed S, Robinson CV, Schofield CJ, Davis BG. Generation of a synthetic GlcNAcylated nucleosome reveals regulation of stability by H2A-Thr101 GlcNAcylation. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7978. [PMID: 26305776 PMCID: PMC4560749 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a newly discovered histone modification implicated in transcriptional regulation, but no structural information on the physical effect of GlcNAcylation on chromatin exists. Here, we generate synthetic, pure GlcNAcylated histones and nucleosomes and reveal that GlcNAcylation can modulate structure through direct destabilization of H2A/H2B dimers in the nucleosome, thus promoting an 'open' chromatin state. The results suggest that a plausible molecular basis for one role of histone O-GlcNAcylation in epigenetic regulation is to lower the barrier for RNA polymerase passage and hence increase transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Lercher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Ritu Raj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Nisha A. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Joshua Price
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Shabaz Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Carol V. Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Christopher J. Schofield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Benjamin G. Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
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38
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OLIVIER-VAN STICHELEN S, HANOVER JA. You are what you eat: O-linked N-acetylglucosamine in disease, development and epigenetics. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2015; 18:339-45. [PMID: 26049631 PMCID: PMC4479189 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification is both responsive to nutrient availability and capable of altering intracellular cellular signalling. We summarize data defining a role for O-GlcNAcylation in metabolic homeostasis and epigenetic regulation of development in the intrauterine environment. RECENT FINDINGS O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) catalyzes nutrient-driven O-GlcNAc addition and is subject to random X-inactivation. OGT plays key roles in growth factor signalling, stem cell biology, epigenetics and possibly imprinting. The O-GlcNAcase, which removes O-GlcNAc, is subject to tight regulation by higher order chromatin structure. O-GlcNAc cycling plays an important role in the intrauterine environment wherein OGT expression is an important biomarker of placental stress. SUMMARY Regulation of O-GlcNAc cycling by X-inactivation, epigenetic regulation and nutrient-driven processes makes it an ideal candidate for a nutrient-dependent epigenetic regulator of human disease. In addition, O-GlcNAc cycling influences chromatin modifiers critical to the regulation and timing of normal development including the polycomb repression complex and the ten-eleven translocation proteins mediating DNA methyl cytosine demethylation. The pathway also impacts the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis critical to intrauterine programming influencing disease susceptibility in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John A. HANOVER
- National Institute of diabetes and digestive and Kidney diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Corresponding Author: John A. Hanover, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda MD, 201892-0851;
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39
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Liu Y, Dai S, Xing L, Xu Y, Chong K. O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification and its biological functions. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-015-0816-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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40
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Kim SJ, Yoo WS, Choi M, Chung I, Yoo JM, Choi WS. Increased O-GlcNAcylation of NF-κB Enhances Retinal Ganglion Cell Death in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Retinopathy. Curr Eye Res 2015; 41:249-57. [PMID: 25835259 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2015.1006372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hyperglycemia results in increased flux through the hexoxamine biosynthetic pathway. We examined whether hyperglycemia increases O-GlcNAcylation in the diabetic retina and whether elevated O-GlcNAcylation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB increases apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in diabetic retinopathy (DR). MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetes was induced in C57BL/6 mice by five consecutive intraperitoneal injections of 55 mg/kg streptozotocin. All mice were killed 2 months after injections and expression levels of O-GlcNAcylated proteins, O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), β-d-N-acetylglucosaminidase and NF-κB, and the extent of RGC death were examined. Immunoprecipitations were performed to investigate whether O-GlcNAcylation of NF-κB led to its activation and RGC death in DR. RESULTS The expression levels of O-GlcNAcylated proteins and OGT were markedly higher in diabetic retinas than in control retinas. OGT colocalized with NeuN, a RGC-specific marker, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells in the ganglion cell layer of diabetic retinas. The p65 subunit of NF-κB was O-GlcNAcylated and the level of O-GlcNAcylated p65 was higher in diabetic retinas than in control retinas. CONCLUSION The present data suggest that hyperglycemia increases O-GlcNAcylation in DR and that O-GlcNAcylation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB is involved in hyperglycemia-induced NF-κB activation and RGC death in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Jae Kim
- a Department of Ophthalmology , School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , Korea .,b Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , South Korea and
| | - Woong-Sun Yoo
- a Department of Ophthalmology , School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , Korea
| | - Meeyoung Choi
- b Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , South Korea and.,c Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology , School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , Korea
| | - Inyoung Chung
- a Department of Ophthalmology , School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , Korea .,b Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , South Korea and
| | - Ji-Myong Yoo
- a Department of Ophthalmology , School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , Korea .,b Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , South Korea and
| | - Wan-Sung Choi
- b Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , South Korea and.,c Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology , School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , Korea
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41
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Yang Y, Yin X, Yang H, Xu Y. Histone demethylase LSD2 acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase and inhibits cancer cell growth through promoting proteasomal degradation of OGT. Mol Cell 2015; 58:47-59. [PMID: 25773598 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Histone demethylases play important roles in various biological processes in a manner dependent on their demethylase activities. However, little is known about their demethylase-independent activities. Here, we report that LSD2, a well-known histone H3K4me1/me2 demethylase, possesses an unexpected E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. LSD2 directly ubiquitylates and promotes proteasome-dependent degradation of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), and inhibits A549 lung cancer cell growth in a manner dependent on its E3 ligase activity, but not demethylase activity. The depletion of LSD2 stabilizes OGT and promotes colony formation of 293T cells. LSD2 regulates distinct groups of target genes through histone demethylase and E3 ligase activities, respectively. Such regulation suggests a mechanism through which LSD2 suppresses tumorigenesis by promoting the degradation of OGT and other substrates yet to be discovered. Our study reveals an antigrowth function of LSD2 dependent on its E3 ligase activity and establishes a connection between histone demethylase and ubiquitin-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaotong Yin
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huirong Yang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanhui Xu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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42
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Abstract
Unlike the complex glycans decorating the cell surface, the O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification is a simple intracellular Ser/Thr-linked monosaccharide that is important for disease-relevant signaling and enzyme regulation. O-GlcNAcylation requires uridine diphosphate-GlcNAc, a precursor responsive to nutrient status and other environmental cues. Alternative splicing of the genes encoding the O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) yields isoforms targeted to discrete sites in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria. OGT and OGA also partner with cellular effectors and act in tandem with other posttranslational modifications. The enzymes of O-GlcNAc cycling act preferentially on intrinsically disordered domains of target proteins impacting transcription, metabolism, apoptosis, organelle biogenesis, and transport.
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43
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Jang H, Yang J, Lee E, Cheong JH. Metabolism in embryonic and cancer stemness. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 38:381-8. [PMID: 25598509 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0558-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cells constantly adjust their metabolic state in response to extracellular signals and nutrient availability to meet their demand for energy and building blocks. Recently, there has been significant research into the metabolic aspects of embryonic stem cells/pluripotent stem cells (ESCs/PSCs) and cancer stem cells (CSCs), which has revealed the unique metabolic status of different stem cell lineages. While ESCs and CSCs were largely thought to harbor similar metabolic states, recent evidence demonstrates that their metabolic dependency is distinctly different. The glucose metabolism of ESCs largely depends on glycolysis, including a one-carbon pathway during differentiation. While proliferating cancer cells share the glycolytic phenotype of ESCs, the mitochondria-centric oxidative phosphorylation constitutes an important metabolic circuit of CSCs under metabolic stress, indicating the dynamic nature of metabolic plasticity. In this review, we catalogued metabolic signatures of cellular "stemness" to provide insights into the therapeutic potential of ESCs and CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyonchol Jang
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 410-769, Republic of Korea,
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44
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Keembiyehetty C, Love DC, Harwood KR, Gavrilova O, Comly ME, Hanover JA. Conditional knock-out reveals a requirement for O-linked N-Acetylglucosaminase (O-GlcNAcase) in metabolic homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:7097-113. [PMID: 25596529 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.617779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAc cycling is maintained by the reciprocal activities of the O-GlcNAc transferase and the O-GlcNAcase (OGA) enzymes. O-GlcNAc transferase is responsible for O-GlcNAc addition to serine and threonine (Ser/Thr) residues and OGA for its removal. Although the Oga gene (MGEA5) is a documented human diabetes susceptibility locus, its role in maintaining insulin-glucose homeostasis is unclear. Here, we report a conditional disruption of the Oga gene in the mouse. The resulting homozygous Oga null (KO) animals lack OGA enzymatic activity and exhibit elevated levels of the O-GlcNAc modification. The Oga KO animals showed nearly complete perinatal lethality associated with low circulating glucose and low liver glycogen stores. Defective insulin-responsive GSK3β phosphorylation was observed in both heterozygous (HET) and KO Oga animals. Although Oga HET animals were viable, they exhibited alterations in both transcription and metabolism. Transcriptome analysis using mouse embryonic fibroblasts revealed deregulation in the transcripts of both HET and KO animals specifically in genes associated with metabolism and growth. Additionally, metabolic profiling showed increased fat accumulation in HET and KO animals compared with WT, which was increased by a high fat diet. Reduced insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and hyperleptinemia were also observed in HET and KO female mice. Notably, the respiratory exchange ratio of the HET animals was higher than that observed in WT animals, indicating the preferential utilization of glucose as an energy source. These results suggest that the loss of mouse OGA leads to defects in metabolic homeostasis culminating in obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dona C Love
- From the Laboratory of Cell Biology and Biochemistry and
| | | | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolic Core Laboratory, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | | | - John A Hanover
- From the Laboratory of Cell Biology and Biochemistry and
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45
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Pantaleon M. The Role of Hexosamine Biosynthesis and Signaling in Early Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 843:53-76. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2480-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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46
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Nagel AK, Ball LE. Intracellular protein O-GlcNAc modification integrates nutrient status with transcriptional and metabolic regulation. Adv Cancer Res 2015; 126:137-66. [PMID: 25727147 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The inducible, nutrient-sensitive posttranslational modification of protein Ser/Thr residues with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) occurs on histones, transcriptional regulators, metabolic enzymes, oncogenes, tumor suppressors, and many critical intermediates of growth factor signaling. Cycling of O-GlcNAc modification on and off of protein substrates is catalyzed by the actions of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), respectively. To date, there are less than 150 publications addressing the role of O-GlcNAc modification in cancer and over half were published in the last 2 years. These studies have clearly established that increased expression of OGT and hyper-O-GlcNAcylation is common to human cancers of breast, prostate, colon, lung, and pancreas. Furthermore, attenuating OGT activity reduces tumor growth in vitro and metastasis in vivo. This chapter discusses the structure and function of the O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes, mechanisms by which protein O-GlcNAc modification sense changes in nutrient status, the influence of O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes on glucose metabolism, and provides an overview of recent observations regarding the role of O-GlcNAcylation in cancer.
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Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is an abundant nutrient-driven modification linked to cellular signaling and regulation of gene expression. Utilizing precursors derived from metabolic flux, O-GlcNAc functions as a homeostatic regulator. The enzymes of O-GlcNAc cycling, OGT and O-GlcNAcase, act in mitochondria, the cytoplasm, and the nucleus in association with epigenetic "writers" and "erasers" of the histone code. Both O-GlcNAc and O-phosphate modify repeats within the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain (CTD). By communicating with the histone and CTD codes, O-GlcNAc cycling provides a link between cellular metabolic status and the epigenetic machinery. Thus, O-GlcNAcylation is poised to influence trans-generational epigenetic inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John A Hanover
- NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase: achieving target substrate specificity. Amino Acids 2014; 46:2305-16. [PMID: 25173736 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1827-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) catalyze the dynamic cycling of intracellular, post-translational O-GlcNAc modification on thousands of Ser/Thr residues of cytosolic, nuclear, and mitochondrial signaling proteins. The identification of O-GlcNAc modified substrates has revealed a functionally diverse set of proteins, and the extent of O-GlcNAcylation fluctuates in response to nutrients and cellular stress. As a result, OGT and OGA are implicated in widespread, nutrient-responsive regulation of numerous signaling pathways and transcriptional programs. These enzymes are required for normal embryonic development and are dysregulated in metabolic and age-related disease states. While a recent surge of interest in the field has contributed to understanding the functional impacts of protein O-GlcNAcylation, little is known about the upstream mechanisms which modulate OGT and OGA substrate targeting. This review focuses on elements of enzyme structure among splice variants, post-translational modification, localization, and regulatory protein interactions which drive the specificity of OGT and OGA toward different subsets of the cellular proteome. Ongoing efforts in this rapidly advancing field are aimed at revealing mechanisms of OGT and OGA regulation to harness the potential therapeutic benefit of manipulating these enzymes' activities.
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The potential role of O-GlcNAc modification in cancer epigenetics. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2014; 19:438-60. [PMID: 25141978 PMCID: PMC6275943 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-014-0204-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no doubt that cancer is not only a genetic disease but that it can also occur due to epigenetic abnormalities. Diet and environmental factors can alter the scope of epigenetic regulation. The results of recent studies suggest that O-GlcNAcylation, which involves the addition of N-acetylglucosamine on the serine or threonine residues of proteins, may play a key role in the regulation of the epigenome in response to the metabolic status of the cell. Two enzymes are responsible for cyclic O-GlcNAcylation: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), which catalyzes the addition of the GlcNAc moiety to target proteins; and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which removes the sugar moiety from proteins. Aberrant expression of O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes, especially OGT, has been found in all studied human cancers. OGT can link the cellular metabolic state and the epigenetic status of cancer cells by interacting with and modifying many epigenetic factors, such as HCF-1, TET, mSin3A, HDAC, and BAP1. A growing body of evidence from animal model systems also suggests an important role for OGT in polycomb-dependent repression of genes activity. Moreover, O-GlcNAcylation may be a part of the histone code: O-GlcNAc residues are found on all core histones.
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50
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Kim EJ, Abramowitz LK, Bond MR, Love DC, Kang DW, Leucke HF, Kang DW, Ahn JS, Hanover JA. Versatile O-GlcNAc transferase assay for high-throughput identification of enzyme variants, substrates, and inhibitors. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:1025-30. [PMID: 24866374 PMCID: PMC4215860 DOI: 10.1021/bc5001774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
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The dynamic glycosylation of serine/threonine
residues on nucleocytoplasmic
proteins with a single N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAcylation) is critical for many important cellular
processes. Cellular O-GlcNAc levels are highly regulated
by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is responsible
for GlcNAc addition and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) is responsible
for removal of the sugar. The lack of a rapid and simple method for
monitoring OGT activity has impeded the efficient discovery of potent
OGT inhibitors. In this study we describe a novel, single-well OGT
enzyme assay that utilizes 6 × His-tagged substrates, a chemoselective
chemical reaction, and unpurified OGT. The high-throughput Ni-NTA
Plate OGT Assay will facilitate discovery of potent OGT-specific inhibitors
on versatile substrates and the characterization of new enzyme variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun J Kim
- Department of Science Education-Chemistry Major, Daegu University , Gyeongbuk 712-714, South Korea
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