1
|
Qi J, Zhang S, Qu H, Wang Y, Dong Y, Wei H, Wang Y, Sun B, Jiang H, Zhang J, Liang S. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) participate in porcine early embryonic development by regulating cell autophagy and apoptosis through the mTOR signaling pathway. Theriogenology 2024; 224:119-133. [PMID: 38762919 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) stands as the pioneering histone demethylase uncovered, proficient in demethylating H3K4me1/2 and H3K9me1/2, thereby governing transcription and participating in cell apoptosis, proliferation, or differentiation. Nevertheless, the complete understanding of LSD1 during porcine early embryonic development and the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Thus, we investigated the mechanism by which LSD1 plays a regulatory role in porcine early embryos. This study revealed that LSD1 inhibition resulted in parthenogenetic activation (PA) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) embryo arrested the development, and decreased blastocyst quality. Meanwhile, H3K4me1/2 and H3K9me1/2 methylase activity was increased at the 4-cell embryo stage. RNA-seq results revealed that autophagy related biological processes were highly enriched through GO and KEGG pathway analyses when LSD1 inhibition. Further studies showed that LSD1 depletion in porcine early embryos resulted in low mTOR and p-mTOR levels and high autophagy and apoptosis levels. The LSD1 deletion-induced increases in autophagy and apoptosis could be reversed by addition of mTOR activators. We further demonstrated that LSD1 inhibition induced mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy. In summary, our research results indicate that LSD1 may regulate autophagy and apoptosis through the mTOR pathway and affect early embryonic development of pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Qi
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shaoxuan Zhang
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hexuan Qu
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yanqiu Wang
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yanwei Dong
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Huakai Wei
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Boxing Sun
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Meyer-Gerards C, Bazzi H. Developmental and tissue-specific roles of mammalian centrosomes. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38935637 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Centrosomes are dominant microtubule organizing centers in animal cells with a pair of centrioles at their core. They template cilia during interphase and help organize the mitotic spindle for a more efficient cell division. Here, we review the roles of centrosomes in the early developing mouse and during organ formation. Mammalian cells respond to centrosome loss-of-function by activating the mitotic surveillance pathway, a timing mechanism that, when a defined mitotic duration is exceeded, leads to p53-dependent cell death in the descendants. Mouse embryos without centrioles are highly susceptible to this pathway and undergo embryonic arrest at mid-gestation. The complete loss of the centriolar core results in earlier and more severe phenotypes than that of other centrosomal proteins. Finally, different developing tissues possess varying thresholds and mount graded responses to the loss of centrioles that go beyond the germ layer of origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Meyer-Gerards
- Department of Cell Biology of the Skin, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany
- The Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany
- Graduate School for Biological Sciences, University of Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Hisham Bazzi
- Department of Cell Biology of the Skin, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany
- The Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dingare C, Cao D, Yang JJ, Sozen B, Steventon B. Mannose controls mesoderm specification and symmetry breaking in mouse gastruloids. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1523-1537.e6. [PMID: 38636516 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Patterning and growth are fundamental features of embryonic development that must be tightly coordinated. To understand how metabolism impacts early mesoderm development, we used mouse embryonic stem-cell-derived gastruloids, that co-expressed glucose transporters with the mesodermal marker T/Bra. We found that the glucose mimic, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), blocked T/Bra expression and abolished axial elongation in gastruloids. However, glucose removal did not phenocopy 2-DG treatment despite a decline in glycolytic intermediates. As 2-DG can also act as a competitive inhibitor of mannose in protein glycosylation, we added mannose together with 2-DG and found that it could rescue the mesoderm specification both in vivo and in vitro. We further showed that blocking production and intracellular recycling of mannose abrogated mesoderm specification. Proteomics analysis demonstrated that mannose reversed glycosylation of the Wnt pathway regulator, secreted frizzled receptor Frzb. Our study showed how mannose controls mesoderm specification in mouse gastruloids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya Dingare
- Deptartment of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK.
| | - Dominica Cao
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jenny Jingni Yang
- Deptartment of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Berna Sozen
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Stem Cell Centre, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Benjamin Steventon
- Deptartment of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Belousov R, Savino S, Moghe P, Hiiragi T, Rondoni L, Erzberger A. Poissonian Cellular Potts Models Reveal Nonequilibrium Kinetics of Cell Sorting. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:248401. [PMID: 38949349 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.248401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Cellular Potts models are broadly applied across developmental biology and cancer research. We overcome limitations of the traditional approach, which reinterprets a modified Metropolis sampling as ad hoc dynamics, by introducing a physical timescale through Poissonian kinetics and by applying principles of stochastic thermodynamics to separate thermal and relaxation effects from athermal noise and nonconservative forces. Our method accurately describes cell-sorting dynamics in mouse-embryo development and identifies the distinct contributions of nonequilibrium processes, e.g., cell growth and active fluctuations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Belousov
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Savino
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - P Moghe
- Hubrecht Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Hiiragi
- Hubrecht Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - L Rondoni
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin 10125, Italy
| | - A Erzberger
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ghasemi Z, Alizadeh Mogadam Masouleh A, Rashki Ghaleno L, Akbarinejad V, Rezazadeh Valojerdi M, Shahverdi A. Maternal nutrition and fetal imprinting of the male progeny. Anim Reprod Sci 2024; 265:107470. [PMID: 38657462 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The global population as well as the demand for human food is rapidly growing worldwide, which necessitates improvement of efficiency in livestock operations. In this context, environmental factors during fetal and/or neonatal life have been observed to influence normal physical and physiological function of an individual during adulthood, and this phenomenon is called fetal or developmental programming. While numerous studies have reported the impact of maternal factors on development of the female progeny, limited information is available on the potential effects of fetal programming on reproductive function of the male offspring. Therefore, the objective for this review article was to focus on available literature regarding the impact of maternal factors, particularly maternal nutrition, on reproductive system of the male offspring. To this end, we highlighted developmental programming of the male offspring in domestic species (i.e., pig, cow and sheep) as well as laboratory species (i.e., mice and rat) during pregnancy and lactation. In this sense, we pointed out the effects of maternal nutrition on various functions of the male offspring including hypothalamic-pituitary axis, hormonal levels, testicular tissue and semen parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahrasadat Ghasemi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Animal Core Facility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - AliReza Alizadeh Mogadam Masouleh
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Gyn-medicum, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Leila Rashki Ghaleno
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Akbarinejad
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Rezazadeh Valojerdi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolhossein Shahverdi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Szelenyi ER, Fisenne D, Knox JE, Harris JA, Gornet JA, Palaniswamy R, Kim Y, Venkataraju KU, Osten P. Distributed X chromosome inactivation in brain circuitry is associated with X-linked disease penetrance of behavior. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114068. [PMID: 38614085 PMCID: PMC11107803 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The precise anatomical degree of brain X chromosome inactivation (XCI) that is sufficient to alter X-linked disorders in females is unclear. Here, we quantify whole-brain XCI at single-cell resolution to discover a prevalent activation ratio of maternal to paternal X at 60:40 across all divisions of the adult brain. This modest, non-random XCI influences X-linked disease penetrance: maternal transmission of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (Fmr1)-knockout (KO) allele confers 55% of total brain cells with mutant X-active, which is sufficient for behavioral penetrance, while 40% produced from paternal transmission is tolerated. Local XCI mosaicism within affected maternal Fmr1-KO mice further specifies sensorimotor versus social anxiety phenotypes depending on which distinct brain circuitry is most affected, with only a 50%-55% mutant X-active threshold determining penetrance. Thus, our results define a model of X-linked disease penetrance in females whereby distributed XCI among single cells populating brain circuitries can regulate the behavioral penetrance of an X-linked mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Szelenyi
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Stony Brook University, Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Danielle Fisenne
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA; Certerra, Inc., Farmingdale, NY 11735, USA
| | - Joseph E Knox
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Julie A Harris
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - James A Gornet
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | | | - Yongsoo Kim
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | | | - Pavel Osten
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ye F, Wang J, Li J, Mei Y, Guo G. Mapping Cell Atlases at the Single-Cell Level. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305449. [PMID: 38145338 PMCID: PMC10885669 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in single-cell technologies have led to rapid developments in the construction of cell atlases. These atlases have the potential to provide detailed information about every cell type in different organisms, enabling the characterization of cellular diversity at the single-cell level. Global efforts in developing comprehensive cell atlases have profound implications for both basic research and clinical applications. This review provides a broad overview of the cellular diversity and dynamics across various biological systems. In addition, the incorporation of machine learning techniques into cell atlas analyses opens up exciting prospects for the field of integrative biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ye
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, and Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310000China
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang311121China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, and Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310000China
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang311121China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, and Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310000China
| | - Yuqing Mei
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, and Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310000China
| | - Guoji Guo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, and Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310000China
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang311121China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineDr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310000China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sakurada K, Ishikawa T. Synthesis of causal and surrogate models by non-equilibrium thermodynamics in biological systems. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1001. [PMID: 38200211 PMCID: PMC10781949 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51426-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We developed a model to represent the time evolution phenomena of life through physics constraints. To do this, we took into account that living organisms are open systems that exchange messages through intracellular communication, intercellular communication and sensory systems, and introduced the concept of a message force field. As a result, we showed that the maximum entropy generation principle is valid in time evolution. Then, in order to explain life phenomena based on this principle, we modelled the living system as a nonlinear oscillator coupled by a message and derived the governing equations. The governing equations consist of two laws: one states that the systems are synchronized when the variation of the natural frequencies between them is small or the coupling strength through the message is sufficiently large, and the other states that the synchronization is broken by the proliferation of biological systems. Next, to simulate the phenomena using data obtained from observations of the temporal evolution of life, we developed an inference model that combines physics constraints and a discrete surrogate model using category theory, and simulated the phenomenon of early embryogenesis using this inference model. The results show that symmetry creation and breaking based on message force fields can be widely used to model life phenomena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Sakurada
- Department of Extended Intelligence for Medicine, The Ishii-Ishibashi Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
- Open Systems Information Science Team, Advanced Data Science Project, RIKEN Information R&D and Strategy Headquarters, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tetsuo Ishikawa
- Department of Extended Intelligence for Medicine, The Ishii-Ishibashi Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Medical Data Mathematical Reasoning Team, Advanced Data Science Project, RIKEN Information R&D and Strategy Headquarters, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xu J, Zhang L, Ye Z, Chang B, Tu Z, Du X, Wen X, Teng Y. A 3D "sandwich" co-culture system with vascular niche supports mouse embryo development from E3.5 to E7.5 in vitro. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:349. [PMID: 38072932 PMCID: PMC10712047 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03583-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various methods for ex utero culture systems have been explored. However, limitations remain regarding the in vitro culture platforms used before implanting mouse embryos and the normal development of mouse blastocysts in vitro. Furthermore, vascular niche support during mouse embryo development from embryonic day (E) 3.5 to E7.5 is unknown in vitro. METHODS This study established a three-dimensional (3D) "sandwich" vascular niche culture system with in vitro culture medium (IVCM) using human placenta perivascular stem cells (hPPSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (hUVECs) as supportive cells (which were seeded into the bottom layer of Matrigel) to test mouse embryos from E3.5 to E7.5 in vitro. The development rates and greatest diameters of mouse embryos from E3.5 to E7.5 were quantitatively determined using SPSS software statistics. Pluripotent markers and embryo transplantation were used to monitor mouse embryo quality and function in vivo. RESULTS Embryos in the IVCM + Cells (hPPSCs + hUVECs) group showed higher development rates and greater diameters at each stage than those in the IVCM group. Embryos in the IVCM + Cells group cultured to E5.5 morphologically resembled natural egg cylinders and expressed specific embryonic cell markers, including Oct4 and Nanog. These features were similar to those of embryos developed in vivo. After transplantation, the embryos were re-implanted in the internal uterus and continued to develop to a particular stage. CONCLUSIONS The 3D in vitro culture system enabled embryo development from E3.5 to E7.5, and the vascularization microenvironment constructed by Matrigel, hPPSCs, and hUVECs significantly promoted the development of implanted embryos. This system allowed us to further study the physical and molecular mechanisms of embryo implantation in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, China.
| | - Linye Zhang
- The First School of Medicine, School of Information and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zihui Ye
- The First School of Medicine, School of Information and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Binwen Chang
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng Tu
- Renji College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuguang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xi Wen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Yili Teng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li X, Zeng Y, He J, Luo B, Lu X, Zhu L, Yang Z, Cai F, Chen SA, Luo Y. The optimal frozen embryo transfer strategy for the recurrent implantation failure patient without blastocyst freezing: thawing day 3 embryos and culturing to day 5 blastocysts. ZYGOTE 2023; 31:596-604. [PMID: 37969109 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199423000503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the optimal frozen embryo transfer (FET) strategy for recurrent implantation failure (RIF) patients with three consecutive failed cleaved embryo implantations and no blastocyst preservation. This retrospective analysis was divided into three groups based on the FET strategy: thawed day 3 embryo transfer (D3 FET group); and extended culture of frozen-thawed day 3 embryos to day 5 blastocysts transfer (D3-D5 FET group); thawed blastocyst transfer (D5 FET group). Transplant cycle data were compared between the three groups. In total, 43.8% of vitrified-thawed cleavage embryos developed into blastocysts. Analysis of the three transplantation strategies showed that, compared with the D3 FET group, D3-D5 had a significantly better hCG-positivity rate and live-birth rate (P < 0.05). Pregnancy outcomes in the D3-D5 FET group and D5 FET group were similar regarding hCG-positivity rate, implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and live-birth rate. Our findings propose two potentially valuable transfer strategies for patients experiencing repeated implantation failures. The D3-D5 FET approach presents a greater potential for selecting promising embryos in cases without blastocyst preservation; however, this strategy does entail the risk of cycle cancellation. Conversely, in instances where blastocyst preservation is an option, prioritizing consideration of the D5 FET strategy is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Yulin Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Yulin Guangxi537000, China
| | - Youman Zeng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Yulin Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Yulin Guangxi537000, China
| | - Juan He
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Yulin Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Yulin Guangxi537000, China
| | - Bowen Luo
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Yulin Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Yulin Guangxi537000, China
| | - Xiongcai Lu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Yulin Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Yulin Guangxi537000, China
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Yulin Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Yulin Guangxi537000, China
| | - Zengyu Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Yulin Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Yulin Guangxi537000, China
| | - Fuman Cai
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Yulin Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Yulin Guangxi537000, China
| | - Sheng-Ao Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 843300, China
| | - Yudi Luo
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Yulin Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Yulin Guangxi537000, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Denicol AC, Siqueira LGB. Maternal contributions to pregnancy success: from gamete quality to uterine environment. Anim Reprod 2023; 20:e20230085. [PMID: 37720724 PMCID: PMC10503891 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2023-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The establishment and maintenance of a pregnancy that goes to term is sine qua non for the long-term sustainability of dairy and beef cattle operations. The oocyte plays a critical role in providing the factors necessary for preimplantation embryonic development. Furthermore, the female, or maternal, environment where oocytes and embryos develop is crucial for the establishment and maintenance of a pregnancy to term. During folliculogenesis, the oocyte must sequentially acquire meiotic and developmental competence, which are the results of a series of molecular events preparing the highly specialized gamete to return to totipotency after fertilization. Given that folliculogenesis is a lengthy process in the cow, the occurrence of disease, metabolic imbalances, heat stress, or other adverse events can make it challenging to maintain oocyte quality. Following fertilization, the newly formed embryo must execute a tightly planned program that includes global DNA remodeling, activation of the embryonic genome, and cell fate decisions to form a blastocyst within a few days and cell divisions. The increasing use of assisted reproductive technologies creates an additional layer of complexity to ensure the highest oocyte and embryo quality given that in vitro systems do not faithfully recreate the physiological maternal environment. In this review, we discuss cellular and molecular factors and events known to be crucial for proper oocyte development and maturation, as well as adverse events that may negatively affect the oocyte; and the importance of the uterine environment, including signaling proteins in the maternal-embryonic interactions that ensure proper embryo development. We also discuss the impact of assisted reproductive technologies in oocyte and embryo quality and developmental potential, and considerations when looking into the prospects for developing systems that allow for in vitro gametogenesis as a tool for assisted reproduction in cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carolina Denicol
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Oh SY, Na SB, Kang YK, Do JT. In Vitro Embryogenesis and Gastrulation Using Stem Cells in Mice and Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13655. [PMID: 37686459 PMCID: PMC10563085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
During early mammalian embryonic development, fertilized one-cell embryos develop into pre-implantation blastocysts and subsequently establish three germ layers through gastrulation during post-implantation development. In recent years, stem cells have emerged as a powerful tool to study embryogenesis and gastrulation without the need for eggs, allowing for the generation of embryo-like structures known as synthetic embryos or embryoids. These in vitro models closely resemble early embryos in terms of morphology and gene expression and provide a faithful recapitulation of early pre- and post-implantation embryonic development. Synthetic embryos can be generated through a combinatorial culture of three blastocyst-derived stem cell types, such as embryonic stem cells, trophoblast stem cells, and extraembryonic endoderm cells, or totipotent-like stem cells alone. This review provides an overview of the progress and various approaches in studying in vitro embryogenesis and gastrulation in mice and humans using stem cells. Furthermore, recent findings and breakthroughs in synthetic embryos and gastruloids are outlined. Despite ethical considerations, synthetic embryo models hold promise for understanding mammalian (including humans) embryonic development and have potential implications for regenerative medicine and developmental research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jeong Tae Do
- Department of Stem Cell Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.O.); (S.B.N.); (Y.K.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Deng Q, Wang S, Huang Z, Lan Q, Lai G, Xu J, Yuan Y, Liu C, Lin X, Feng W, Ma W, Cheng M, Hao S, Duan S, Zheng H, Chen X, Hou Y, Luo Y, Liu L, Liu C. Single-cell chromatin accessibility profiling of cell-state-specific gene regulatory programs during mouse organogenesis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1170355. [PMID: 37440917 PMCID: PMC10333525 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1170355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, early organogenesis begins soon after gastrulation, accompanied by specification of various type of progenitor/precusor cells. In order to reveal dynamic chromatin landscape of precursor cells and decipher the underlying molecular mechanism driving early mouse organogenesis, we performed single-cell ATAC-seq of E8.5-E10.5 mouse embryos. We profiled a total of 101,599 single cells and identified 41 specific cell types at these stages. Besides, by performing integrated analysis of scATAC-seq and public scRNA-seq data, we identified the critical cis-regulatory elements and key transcription factors which drving development of spinal cord and somitogenesis. Furthermore, we intersected accessible peaks with human diseases/traits-related loci and found potential clinical associated single nucleotide variants (SNPs). Overall, our work provides a fundamental source for understanding cell fate determination and revealing the underlying mechanism during postimplantation embryonic development, and expand our knowledge of pathology for human developmental malformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuting Deng
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI-Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI-Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zijie Huang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiumei Lin
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI-Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weimin Feng
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI-Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Ma
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Shijie Hao
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI-Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Duan
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI-Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Yong Hou
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Longqi Liu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI-Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuanyu Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yu L, Sun Q, Huang Z, Bu G, Yu Z, Wu L, Zhang J, Zhang X, Zhou J, Liu X, Miao YL. Arsenite exposure disturbs maternal-to-zygote transition by attenuating H3K27ac during mouse preimplantation development. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023:121856. [PMID: 37211227 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Arsenite is commonly used as an insecticide, antiseptic and herbicide. It can enter the food chain via through soil contamination, and harm human health, including the reproductive systems. Early embryos, as the initial stage of mammalian life, are very sensitive to the environmental toxins and pollutants. However, whether and how arsenite disturbs the early embryo development remains unclear. Our study used mouse early embryos as a model and revealed that arsenite exposure did not cause reactive oxygen species production, DNA damage or apoptosis. However, arsenite exposure arrested embryonic development at the 2-cell stage by altering gene expression patterns. The transcriptional profile in the disrupted embryos showed abnormal maternal-to-zygote transition (MZT). More importantly, arsenite exposure attenuated H3K27ac modification enrichment at the promoter region of Brg1, a key gene for MZT, which inhibited its transcription, and further affected MZT and early embryonic development. In conclusion our study highlights arsenite exposure affects MZT by reducing the enrichment of H3K27ac on the embryonic genome, and ultimately induces early embryonic development arrest at the 2-cell stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longtao Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qiaoran Sun
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ziying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guowei Bu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhisheng Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Linhui Wu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jilong Zhou
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yi-Liang Miao
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China; Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ha BG, Jang YJ, Lee E, Kim BG, Myung K, Sun W, Jeong SJ. Isolation and identification of extracellular matrix proteins from oil-based CASPERized mouse brains for matrisomal analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14777. [PMID: 37025807 PMCID: PMC10070542 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) components present within all tissues and organs help to maintain the cytoskeletal architecture and tissue morphology. Although the ECM plays a role in cellular events and signaling pathways, it has not been well studied due its insolubility and complexity. Brain tissue has a higher cell density and weaker mechanical strength than other tissues in the body. When removing cells using a general decellularization method to produce scaffolds and obtain ECM proteins, various problems must be considered because tissues are easily damaged. To retain the brain shape and ECM components, we performed decellularization in combination with polymerization. We immersed mouse brains in oil for polymerization and decellularization via O-CASPER (Oil-based Clinically and Experimentally Applicable Acellular Tissue Scaffold Production for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine) and then isolated ECM components using sequential matrisome preparation reagents (SMPRs), namely, RIPA, PNGase F, and concanavalin A. Adult mouse brains were preserved with our decellularization method. Western blot and LC-MS/MS analyses revealed that ECM components, including collagen and laminin, were isolated efficiently from decellularized mouse brains using SMPRs. Our method will be useful to obtain matrisomal data and perform functional studies using adult mouse brains and other tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byung Geun Ha
- Research Group of Developmental Disorders and Rare Diseases, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Jang
- Research Group of Developmental Disorders and Rare Diseases, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - EunSoo Lee
- Fluorescence Core Imaging Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Gyu Kim
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjae Myung
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Sun
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Jeong
- Research Group of Developmental Disorders and Rare Diseases, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author.Research Group of Developmental Disorders and Rare Diseases, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Deng M, Wang X, Xiong Z, Tang P. Control of RNA degradation in cell fate decision. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1164546. [PMID: 37025171 PMCID: PMC10070868 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1164546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell fate is shaped by a unique gene expression program, which reflects the concerted action of multilayered precise regulation. Substantial research attention has been paid to the contribution of RNA biogenesis to cell fate decisions. However, increasing evidence shows that RNA degradation, well known for its function in RNA processing and the surveillance of aberrant transcripts, is broadly engaged in cell fate decisions, such as maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT), stem cell differentiation, or somatic cell reprogramming. In this review, we first look at the diverse RNA degradation pathways in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Then, we summarize how selective transcript clearance is regulated and integrated into the gene expression regulation network for the establishment, maintenance, and exit from a special cellular state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingqiang Deng
- Center for Cell Lineage and Development, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiwei Wang
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Xiong
- Center for Cell Lineage and Development, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health GuangDong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Tang
- Center for Cell Lineage and Development, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Tang,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fang W, Bell CM, Sapirstein A, Asami S, Leeper K, Zack DJ, Ji H, Kalhor R. Quantitative fate mapping: A general framework for analyzing progenitor state dynamics via retrospective lineage barcoding. Cell 2022; 185:4604-4620.e32. [PMID: 36423582 PMCID: PMC9708097 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Natural and induced somatic mutations that accumulate in the genome during development record the phylogenetic relationships of cells; whether these lineage barcodes capture the complex dynamics of progenitor states remains unclear. We introduce quantitative fate mapping, an approach to reconstruct the hierarchy, commitment times, population sizes, and commitment biases of intermediate progenitor states during development based on a time-scaled phylogeny of their descendants. To reconstruct time-scaled phylogenies from lineage barcodes, we introduce Phylotime, a scalable maximum likelihood clustering approach based on a general barcoding mutagenesis model. We validate these approaches using realistic in silico and in vitro barcoding experiments. We further establish criteria for the number of cells that must be analyzed for robust quantitative fate mapping and a progenitor state coverage statistic to assess the robustness. This work demonstrates how lineage barcodes, natural or synthetic, enable analyzing progenitor fate and dynamics long after embryonic development in any organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weixiang Fang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Center for Epigenetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Claire M Bell
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Abel Sapirstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Center for Epigenetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Soichiro Asami
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Center for Epigenetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kathleen Leeper
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Center for Epigenetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Donald J Zack
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hongkai Ji
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Reza Kalhor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Center for Epigenetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kambhampati S, Murphy S, Uosaki H, Kwon C. Cross-Organ Transcriptomic Comparison Reveals Universal Factors During Maturation. J Comput Biol 2022; 29:1031-1044. [PMID: 35802489 PMCID: PMC9499449 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2021.0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Various cell types can be derived from stem cells. However, these cells are immature and do not match their adult counterparts in functional capabilities, limiting their use in disease modeling and cell therapies. Thus, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms of maturation in vivo. However, it is unknown if there are genes and pathways conserved across organs during maturation. To address this, we performed a time-series analysis of the transcriptome of the mouse heart, brain, liver, and kidney and analyzed their trajectories over time. In addition, gene regulatory networks were reconstructed to determine overlapping expression patterns. Based on these, we identified commonly upregulated and downregulated pathways across all four organs. Key upstream regulators were also predicted based on the temporal expression of downstream genes. These findings suggest the presence of universal regulators during organ maturation, which may help us develop a general strategy to mature stem cell-derived cells in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kambhampati
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sean Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hideki Uosaki
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Chulan Kwon
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen T, Alcorn H, Devbhandari S, Remus D, Lacy E, Huangfu D, Anderson KV. A hypomorphic mutation in Pold1 disrupts the coordination of embryo size expansion and morphogenesis during gastrulation. Biol Open 2022; 11:bio059307. [PMID: 35876795 PMCID: PMC9382117 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of a properly sized and patterned embryo during gastrulation requires a well-coordinated interplay between cell proliferation, lineage specification and tissue morphogenesis. Following transient physical or pharmacological manipulations of embryo size, pre-gastrulation mouse embryos show remarkable plasticity to recover and resume normal development. However, it remains unclear how mechanisms driving lineage specification and morphogenesis respond to defects in cell proliferation during and after gastrulation. Null mutations in DNA replication or cell-cycle-related genes frequently lead to cell-cycle arrest and reduced cell proliferation, resulting in developmental arrest before the onset of gastrulation; such early lethality precludes studies aiming to determine the impact of cell proliferation on lineage specification and morphogenesis during gastrulation. From an unbiased ENU mutagenesis screen, we discovered a mouse mutant, tiny siren (tyrn), that carries a hypomorphic mutation producing an aspartate to tyrosine (D939Y) substitution in Pold1, the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase δ. Impaired cell proliferation in the tyrn mutant leaves anterior-posterior patterning unperturbed during gastrulation but results in reduced embryo size and severe morphogenetic defects. Our analyses show that the successful execution of morphogenetic events during gastrulation requires that lineage specification and the ordered production of differentiated cell types occur in concordance with embryonic growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingxu Chen
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Heather Alcorn
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sujan Devbhandari
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dirk Remus
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elizabeth Lacy
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Danwei Huangfu
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kathryn V. Anderson
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhao Y, Bai D, Wu Y, Zhang D, Liu M, Tian Y, Lu J, Wang H, Gao S, Lu Z. Maternal Ezh1/2 deficiency in oocyte delays H3K27me2/3 restoration and impairs epiblast development responsible for embryonic sub-lethality in mouse. Development 2022; 149:dev200316. [PMID: 38771308 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
How maternal Ezh1 and Ezh2 function in H3K27 methylation in vivo in pre-implantation embryos and during embryonic development is not clear. Here, we have deleted Ezh1 and Ezh2 alone or simultaneously from mouse oocytes. H3K27me3 was absent in oocytes without Ezh2 alone, while both H3K27me2 and H3K27me3 were absent in Ezh1/Ezh2 (Ezh1/2) double knockout (KO) oocytes. The effects of Ezh1/2 maternal KO were inherited in zygotes and early embryos, in which restoration of H3K27me3 and H3K27me2 was delayed by the loss of Ezh2 alone or of both Ezh1 and Ezh2. However, the ablation of both Ezh1 and Ezh2, but not Ezh1 or Ezh2 alone, led to significantly decreased litter size due to growth retardation post-implantation. Maternal Ezh1/2 deficiency caused compromised H3K27me3 and pluripotent epiblast cells in late blastocysts, followed by defective embryonic development. By using RNA-seq, we examined crucial developmental genes in maternal Ezh1/2 KO embryos and identified 80 putatively imprinted genes. Maternal Ezh1/2-H3K27 methylation is inherited in offspring embryos and has a critical effect on fetal and placental development. Thus, this work sheds light on maternal epigenetic modifications during embryonic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Dandan Bai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - You Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Mengying Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yingpu Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Jinhua Lu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Shaorong Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhongxian Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hedgehog Morphogens Act as Growth Factors Critical to Pre- and Postnatal Cardiac Development and Maturation: How Primary Cilia Mediate Their Signal Transduction. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121879. [PMID: 35741008 PMCID: PMC9221318 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are crucial for normal cardiac organogenesis via the formation of cyto-architectural, anatomical, and physiological boundaries in the developing heart and outflow tract. These tiny, plasma membrane-bound organelles function in a sensory-integrative capacity, interpreting both the intra- and extra-cellular environments and directing changes in gene expression responses to promote, prevent, and modify cellular proliferation and differentiation. One distinct feature of this organelle is its involvement in the propagation of a variety of signaling cascades, most notably, the Hedgehog cascade. Three ligands, Sonic, Indian, and Desert hedgehog, function as growth factors that are most commonly dependent on the presence of intact primary cilia, where the Hedgehog receptors Patched-1 and Smoothened localize directly within or at the base of the ciliary axoneme. Hedgehog signaling functions to mediate many cell behaviors that are critical for normal embryonic tissue/organ development. However, inappropriate activation and/or upregulation of Hedgehog signaling in postnatal and adult tissue is known to initiate oncogenesis, as well as the pathogenesis of other diseases. The focus of this review is to provide an overview describing the role of Hedgehog signaling and its dependence upon the primary cilium in the cell types that are most essential for mammalian heart development. We outline the breadth of developmental defects and the consequential pathologies resulting from inappropriate changes to Hedgehog signaling, as it pertains to congenital heart disease and general cardiac pathophysiology.
Collapse
|
22
|
Anbara H, Shahrooz R, Razi M, Malekinejad H, Najafi G, Shalizar-Jalali A. Repro-protective role of royal jelly in phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic anemia in male mice: Histopathological, embryological, and biochemical evidence. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:1124-1135. [PMID: 35099105 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To estimate the repro-protective effect of royal jelly (RJ) on phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-induced anemia's detrimental effects, 24 mature mice were divided into control group (0.10 mL normal saline; intra-peritoneally), RJ group (100 mg/kg/day; orally), experimental anemia (EA) group that received only PHZ (6 mg/100 g/48 h; intra-peritoneally), and RJ + EA (according to the previous prescription) group. After 35 days, testicular histoarchitecture, RNA damage in germinal cells, sperm characteristics, testicular total anti-oxidant capacity and malondialdehyde as well as serum testosterone levels, pre-implantation embryo development and cyclin D1 and c-myc mRNA levels at two-cell, morula and blastocyst stages were analyzed. Spermatogenesis indices were ameliorated following RJ co-administration. Moreover, RJ co-treatment reduced germinal cells RNA damage, improved sperm characteristics, boosted pre-implantation embryo development and restored androgenesis, and oxidant/anti-oxidant status. Co-administration of RJ also decreased mRNA levels of cyclin D1 and up-regulated those of c-myc in two-cell embryos, morulas and blastocysts. The findings suggest that RJ can play a repro-protective role in PHZ-induced anemia in mice through anti-oxidant defense system reinforcement and androgenesis restoration as well as cyclin D1 and c-myc expressions regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hojat Anbara
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Shahrooz
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mazdak Razi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hassan Malekinejad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Najafi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ali Shalizar-Jalali
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nishio M, Matsuura T, Hibi S, Ohta S, Oka C, Sasai N, Ishida Y, Matsuda E. Heterozygous loss of Zbtb38 leads to early embryonic lethality via the suppression of Nanog and Sox2 expression. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13215. [PMID: 35297517 PMCID: PMC9055898 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Mammalian DNA methyltransferases are essential to re‐establish global DNA methylation patterns during implantation, which is critical for transmitting epigenetic information to the next generation. In contrast, the significance of methyl‐CpG binding proteins (MBPs) that bind methylated CpG remains almost unknown at this stage. We previously demonstrated that Zbtb38 (also known as CIBZ)—a zinc finger type of MBP—is required for mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell proliferation by positively regulating Nanog expression. However, the physiological function of Zbtb38 in vivo remains unclear. Materials and Methods This study used the Cre‐loxP system to generate conditional Zbtb38 knockout mice. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were studied by immunofluorescence staining. Quantitative real‐time PCR, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence were performed to investigate the molecular mechanisms. Results Germline loss of the Zbtb38 single allele resulted in decreased epiblast cell proliferation and increased apoptosis shortly after implantation, leading to early embryonic lethality. Heterozygous loss of Zbtb38 reduced the expression of Nanog, Sox2, and the genes responsible for epiblast proliferation, differentiation, and cell viability. Although this early lethal phenotype, Zbtb38 is dispensable for ES cell establishment and identity. Conclusions These findings indicate that Zbtb38 is essential for early embryonic development via the suppression of Nanog and Sox2 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miki Nishio
- Functional Genomics and Medicine, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan.,Cosmo Bio Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsuura
- Functional Genomics and Medicine, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Shunya Hibi
- Functional Genomics and Medicine, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Shiomi Ohta
- Functional Genomics and Medicine, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Chio Oka
- Functional Genomics and Medicine, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Noriaki Sasai
- Development Biomedical Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Ishida
- Functional Genomics and Medicine, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Eishou Matsuda
- Functional Genomics and Medicine, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fang H, Luo Z, Lin C. Epigenetic reorganization during early embryonic lineage specification. Genes Genomics 2022; 44:379-387. [PMID: 35133623 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01213-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynamic chromatin reorganization occurs during two waves of cell lineage specification process, blastocyst formation and gastrulation, to generate distinct cell types. Epigenetic defects have been associated with severe developmental defects and diseases. How epigenetic remodeling coordinates the two lineage specification waves is becoming uncovered, benefiting from the development and application of new technologies including low-input or single-cell epigenome analysis approached in the past few years. OBJECTIVE In this review, we aim to highlight the most recent findings on epigenetic remodeling in cell lineage specification during blastocyst formation and gastrulation. METHODS First, we introduce how DNA methylation dynamically changes in blastocyst formation and gastrulation and its function in transcriptional regulation lineage-specific genes. Then, we discuss widespread remodeling of histone modification at promoters and enhancers in orchestrating the trajectory of cell lineage specification. Finally, we review dynamics of chromatin accessibility and 3D structure regulating developmental gene expression and associating with specific transcription factor binding events at stage specific manner. We also highlight the key questions that remain to be answered to fully understand chromatin regulation and reorganization in lineage specification. CONCLUSION Here, we summarize the recent advances and discoveries on epigenetic reorganization and its roles in blastocyst formation and gastrulation, and how it cooperates with the lineage specification, painting from global sequencing data from mouse in vivo tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitong Fang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Zhuojuan Luo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Chengqi Lin
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China. .,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Raj S, Jaiswal SK, DePamphilis ML. Cell Death and the p53 Enigma During Mammalian Embryonic Development. Stem Cells 2022; 40:227-238. [PMID: 35304609 PMCID: PMC9199838 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Twelve forms of programmed cell death (PCD) have been described in mammalian cells, but which of them occurs during embryonic development and the role played by the p53 transcription factor and tumor suppressor remains enigmatic. Although p53 is not required for mouse embryonic development, some studies conclude that PCD in pluripotent embryonic stem cells from mice (mESCs) or humans (hESCs) is p53-dependent whereas others conclude that it is not. Given the importance of pluripotent stem cells as models of embryonic development and their applications in regenerative medicine, resolving this enigma is essential. This review reconciles contradictory results based on the facts that p53 cannot induce lethality in mice until gastrulation and that experimental conditions could account for differences in results with ESCs. Consequently, activation of the G2-checkpoint in mouse ESCs is p53-independent and generally, if not always, results in noncanonical apoptosis. Once initiated, PCD occurs at equivalent rates and to equivalent extents regardless of the presence or absence of p53. However, depending on experimental conditions, p53 can accelerate initiation of PCD in ESCs and late-stage blastocysts. In contrast, DNA damage following differentiation of ESCs in vitro or formation of embryonic fibroblasts in vivo induces p53-dependent cell cycle arrest and senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Raj
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sushil K Jaiswal
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA,Present address: National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Melvin L DePamphilis
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA,Corresponding author: Melvin L. DePamphilis, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bldg. 6A, Rm 3A15, 6 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Osteil P. Establishment of Mouse Epiblast Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2490:3-9. [PMID: 35486234 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2281-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Epiblast stem cells are made from the epiblast of mouse post-implantation embryo. They have been critical in the understanding of mammalian pluripotent stem cells as they share similar properties, such as their incapability to contribute to the formation of an embryo after injection into blastocyst. The epiblast stem cells (EpiSC) have delineated a novel status of pluripotency called "primed." How to establish EpiSC from mouse embryo is described in detail in this chapter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Osteil
- Embryology Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
- Swiss Cancer Research Institute (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Geng G, Xiao Y, Shang Y, Zhang Y, Zhu F, Tang L, Peng F, Shen W, Jin Y, Yang Z, Li Q, Chen X. Naphthalenephenylalanine-phenylalanine-glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic promotes self-assembly of nephron progenitor cells in decellularized scaffolds to construct bioengineered kidneys. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 134:112590. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
28
|
Jaiswal SK, Raj S, DePamphilis ML. Developmental Acquisition of p53 Functions. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111675. [PMID: 34828285 PMCID: PMC8622856 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Remarkably, the p53 transcription factor, referred to as “the guardian of the genome”, is not essential for mammalian development. Moreover, efforts to identify p53-dependent developmental events have produced contradictory conclusions. Given the importance of pluripotent stem cells as models of mammalian development, and their applications in regenerative medicine and disease, resolving these conflicts is essential. Here we attempt to reconcile disparate data into justifiable conclusions predicated on reports that p53-dependent transcription is first detected in late mouse blastocysts, that p53 activity first becomes potentially lethal during gastrulation, and that apoptosis does not depend on p53. Furthermore, p53 does not regulate expression of genes required for pluripotency in embryonic stem cells (ESCs); it contributes to ESC genomic stability and differentiation. Depending on conditions, p53 accelerates initiation of apoptosis in ESCs in response to DNA damage, but cell cycle arrest as well as the rate and extent of apoptosis in ESCs are p53-independent. In embryonic fibroblasts, p53 induces cell cycle arrest to allow repair of DNA damage, and cell senescence to prevent proliferation of cells with extensive damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushil K. Jaiswal
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sonam Raj
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Melvin L. DePamphilis
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Andersen CL, Byun H, Li Y, Xiao S, Miller DM, Wang Z, Viswanathan S, Hancock JM, Bromfield J, Ye X. Varied effects of doxorubicin (DOX) on the corpus luteum of C57BL/6 mice during early pregnancy. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:1521-1532. [PMID: 34554181 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain chemotherapeutic drugs are toxic to ovarian follicles. The corpus luteum (CL) is normally developed from an ovulated follicle for producing progesterone (P4) to support early pregnancy. To fill in the knowledge gap about effects of chemotherapy on the CL, we tested the hypothesis that chemotherapy may target endothelial cells and/or luteal cells in the CL to impair CL function in P4 steroidogenesis using doxorubicin (DOX) as a representative chemotherapeutic drug in mice. In both mixed background mice and C57BL/6 mice, a single intraperitoneal injection of DOX (10 mg/kg) on 0.5 days post coitum (D0.5, post-ovulation) led to ~58% D3.5 mice with serum P4 levels lower than the serum P4 range in the PBS-treated control mice. Further studies in the C57BL/6 ovaries revealed that CLs from DOX-treated mice with low P4 levels had less defined luteal cords and disrupted collagen IV expression pattern, indicating disrupted capillary, accompanied with less differentiated luteal cells that had smaller cytoplasm and reduced StAR expression. DOX-treated ovaries had increased granulosa cell death in the growing follicles, reduced PCNA-positive endothelial cells in the CLs, enlarged lipid droplets and disrupted F-actin in the luteal cells. These novel data suggest that the proliferating endothelial cells in the developing CL may be the primary target of DOX to impair the vascular support for luteal cell differentiation and subsequently P4 steroidogenesis. This study fills in the knowledge gap about the toxic effects of chemotherapy on the CL and provides critical information for risk assessment of chemotherapy in premenopausal patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lee Andersen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.,Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Haeyeun Byun
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Yuehuan Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Shuo Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Doris M Miller
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Zidao Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.,Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Suvitha Viswanathan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jonathan Matthew Hancock
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.,Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jaymie Bromfield
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Xiaoqin Ye
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.,Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang C, Wu XC, Li S, Dou LJ, Zhou L, Wang FH, Ma K, Huang D, Pan Y, Gu JJ, Cao JY, Wang H, Hao JH. Perinatal low-dose bisphenol AF exposure impairs synaptic plasticity and cognitive function of adult offspring in a sex-dependent manner. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 788:147918. [PMID: 34134381 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol AF (BPAF), a kind of the ideal substitutes of Bisphenol A (BPA), has frequently been detected in environmental media and biological samples. Numerous studies have focused on the reproductive toxicity, cardiotoxicity and endocrine disrupting toxicity of BPAF. However, little evidence is available on neurodevelopmental toxicity of BPAF. Here, our study is to evaluate the effect of perinatal BPAF exposure (0, 0.34, 3.4 and 34 mg/kg body weight/day, correspond to Ctrl, low-, medium- and high-dose groups) on the cognitive function of adult mouse offspring. This study firstly found that perinatal BPAF exposure caused cognitive impairments of mouse offspring, in which male offspring was more sensitive than female offspring in low- and medium-dose BPAF groups. Furthermore, the dendritic arborization and complexity of hippocampal CA1 and DG neurons in male offspring were impaired in all BPAF groups, and these effects were only found in high-dose BPAF group for female offspring. The damage of BPAF to dendritic spines, and the structural basis of learning and memory, was found in male offspring but not in females. Correspondingly, perinatal BPAF exposure significantly downregulated the expressions of hippocampal PSD-95 and Synapsin-1 proteins, and male offspring was more vulnerable than female offspring. Meanwhile, we explored the alteration of hippocampal estrogen receptors (ERs) to explain the sex specific impairment of cognitive function in low- and medium-dose BPAF groups. The results showed that perinatal BPAF exposure significantly decreased the expression of ERα in male offspring in a dose-dependent manner, but not in female offspring. In addition, we found that perinatal BPAF exposure can disordered the balance of oxidation and antioxidation in hippocampus of male offspring. In summary, perinatal low-dose bisphenol AF exposure impairs synaptic plasticity and cognitive function of adult offspring in a sex-dependent manner. The present results provide a pierce of potential mechanism of BPAF-caused neurodevelopmental toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Chang Wu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Lian-Jie Dou
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Feng-Hui Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Pan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Ji-Jun Gu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Ji-Yu Cao
- Teaching Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Jia-Hu Hao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rak-Raszewska A, Reint G, Geiger F, Naillat F, Vainio SJ. Deciphering the minimal quantity of mouse primary cells to undergo nephrogenesis ex vivo. Dev Dyn 2021; 251:536-550. [PMID: 34494340 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue organoids derived from primary cells have high potential for studying organ development and diseases in numerous organs. They recreate the morphological structure and mimic the functions of given organ while being compact in size, easy to produce, and suitable for use in various experimental setups. RESULTS In this study we established the number of cells that form mouse kidney rudiments at E11.5, and generated renal organoids of various sizes from the mouse primary cells of the metanephric mesenchyme (MM). We investigated the ability of renal organoids to undergo nephrogenesis upon Wnt/ β-catenin pathway-mediated tubule induction with a GSK-3 inhibitor (BIO) or by initiation through the ureteric bud (UB). We found that 5000 cells of MM cells are necessary to successfully form renal organoids with well-structured nephrons as judged by fluorescent microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). These mouse organoids also recapitulated renal secretion function in the proximal tubules. CONCLUSIONS We show that a significant decrease of cells used to generate renal mouse organoids in a dissociation/re-aggregation assay, does not interfere with development, and goes toward 3Rs. This enables generation of more experimental samples with one mouse litter, limiting the number of animals used for studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Rak-Raszewska
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Disease Networks Researtch Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ganna Reint
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Disease Networks Researtch Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Fabienne Geiger
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Disease Networks Researtch Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Florence Naillat
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Disease Networks Researtch Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Seppo J Vainio
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Disease Networks Researtch Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Kvantum Institute, Infotech Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kopeć Z, Starzyński RR, Jończy A, Mazgaj R, Lipiński P. Role of Iron Metabolism-Related Genes in Prenatal Development: Insights from Mouse Transgenic Models. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1382. [PMID: 34573364 PMCID: PMC8465470 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential nutrient during all stages of mammalian development. Studies carried out over the last 20 years have provided important insights into cellular and systemic iron metabolism in adult organisms and led to the deciphering of many molecular details of its regulation. However, our knowledge of iron handling in prenatal development has remained remarkably under-appreciated, even though it is critical for the health of both the embryo/fetus and its mother, and has a far-reaching impact in postnatal life. Prenatal development requires a continuous, albeit quantitatively matched with the stage of development, supply of iron to support rapid cell division during embryogenesis in order to meet iron needs for erythropoiesis and to build up hepatic iron stores, (which are the major source of this microelement for the neonate). Here, we provide a concise overview of current knowledge of the role of iron metabolism-related genes in the maintenance of iron homeostasis in pre- and post-implantation development based on studies on transgenic (mainly knock-out) mouse models. Most studies on mice with globally deleted genes do not conclude whether underlying in utero iron disorders or lethality is due to defective placental iron transport or iron misregulation in the embryo/fetus proper (or due to both). Therefore, there is a need of animal models with tissue specific targeted deletion of genes to advance the understanding of prenatal iron metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paweł Lipiński
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland; (Z.K.); (R.R.S.); (A.J.); (R.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wei M, Chen Y, Zhao C, Zheng L, Wu B, Chen C, Li X, Bao S. Establishment of Mouse Primed Stem Cells by Combination of Activin and LIF Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:713503. [PMID: 34422831 PMCID: PMC8375391 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.713503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In mice, embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) are established from pre- and post-implantation embryos and represent the naive and primed state, respectively. Herein we used mouse leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), which supports ESCs self-renewal and Activin A (Act A), which is the main factor in maintaining EpiSCs in post-implantation epiblast cultures, to derive a primed stem cell line named ALSCs. Like EpiSCs, ALSCs express key pluripotent genes Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog; one X chromosome was inactivated; and the cells failed to contribute to chimera formation in vivo. Notably, compared to EpiSCs, ALSCs efficiently reversed to ESCs (rESCs) on activation of Wnt signaling. Moreover, we also discovered that culturing EpiSCs in AL medium for several passages favored Wnt signaling-driven naive pluripotency. Our results show that ALSCs is a primed state stem cell and represents a simple model to study the control of pluripotency fate and conversion from the primed to the naive state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Institute of Animal Genetic Research of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanglin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Institute of Animal Genetic Research of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoyue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Institute of Animal Genetic Research of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Li Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Institute of Animal Genetic Research of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Baojiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Institute of Animal Genetic Research of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Institute of Animal Genetic Research of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xihe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Institute of Animal Genetic Research of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Inner Mongolia Saikexing Institute of Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology in Domestic Animal, Hohhot, China
| | - Siqin Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Institute of Animal Genetic Research of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Building Pluripotency Identity in the Early Embryo and Derived Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082049. [PMID: 34440818 PMCID: PMC8391114 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fusion of two highly differentiated cells, an oocyte with a spermatozoon, gives rise to the zygote, a single totipotent cell, which has the capability to develop into a complete, fully functional organism. Then, as development proceeds, a series of programmed cell divisions occur whereby the arising cells progressively acquire their own cellular and molecular identity, and totipotency narrows until when pluripotency is achieved. The path towards pluripotency involves transcriptome modulation, remodeling of the chromatin epigenetic landscape to which external modulators contribute. Both human and mouse embryos are a source of different types of pluripotent stem cells whose characteristics can be captured and maintained in vitro. The main aim of this review is to address the cellular properties and the molecular signature of the emerging cells during mouse and human early development, highlighting similarities and differences between the two species and between the embryos and their cognate stem cells.
Collapse
|
35
|
Computational modelling unveils how epiblast remodelling and positioning rely on trophectoderm morphogenesis during mouse implantation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254763. [PMID: 34320001 PMCID: PMC8318228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the processes by which the mammalian embryo implants in the maternal uterus is a long-standing challenge in embryology. New insights into this morphogenetic event could be of great importance in helping, for example, to reduce human infertility. During implantation the blastocyst, composed of epiblast, trophectoderm and primitive endoderm, undergoes significant remodelling from an oval ball to an egg cylinder. A main feature of this transformation is symmetry breaking and reshaping of the epiblast into a “cup”. Based on previous studies, we hypothesise that this event is the result of mechanical constraints originating from the trophectoderm, which is also significantly transformed during this process. In order to investigate this hypothesis we propose MG# (MechanoGenetic Sharp), an original computational model of biomechanics able to reproduce key cell shape changes and tissue level behaviours in silico. With this model, we simulate epiblast and trophectoderm morphogenesis during implantation. First, our results uphold experimental findings that repulsion at the apical surface of the epiblast is essential to drive lumenogenesis. Then, we provide new theoretical evidence that trophectoderm morphogenesis indeed can dictate the cup shape of the epiblast and fosters its movement towards the uterine tissue. Our results offer novel mechanical insights into mouse peri-implantation and highlight the usefulness of agent-based modelling methods in the study of embryogenesis.
Collapse
|
36
|
Rayon T, Briscoe J. Cross-species comparisons and in vitro models to study tempo in development and homeostasis. Interface Focus 2021; 11:20200069. [PMID: 34055305 PMCID: PMC8086913 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2020.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Time is inherent to biological processes. It determines the order of events and the speed at which they take place. However, we still need to refine approaches to measure the course of time in biological systems and understand what controls the pace of development. Here, we argue that the comparison of biological processes across species provides molecular insight into the timekeeping mechanisms in biology. We discuss recent findings and the open questions in the field and highlight the use of in vitro systems as tools to investigate cell-autonomous control as well as the coordination of temporal mechanisms within tissues. Further, we discuss the relevance of studying tempo for tissue transplantation, homeostasis and lifespan.
Collapse
|
37
|
Kerepesi C, Zhang B, Lee SG, Trapp A, Gladyshev VN. Epigenetic clocks reveal a rejuvenation event during embryogenesis followed by aging. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg6082. [PMID: 34172448 PMCID: PMC8232908 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg6082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The notion that the germ line does not age goes back to the 19th-century ideas of August Weismann. However, being metabolically active, the germ line accumulates damage and other changes over time, i.e., it ages. For new life to begin in the same young state, the germ line must be rejuvenated in the offspring. Here, we developed a multi-tissue epigenetic clock and applied it, together with other aging clocks, to track changes in biological age during mouse and human prenatal development. This analysis revealed a significant decrease in biological age, i.e., rejuvenation, during early stages of embryogenesis, followed by an increase in later stages. We further found that pluripotent stem cells do not age even after extensive passaging and that the examined epigenetic age dynamics is conserved across species. Overall, this study uncovers a natural rejuvenation event during embryogenesis and suggests that the minimal biological age (ground zero) marks the beginning of organismal aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Kerepesi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bohan Zhang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sang-Goo Lee
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexandre Trapp
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sozen B, Cornwall-Scoones J, Zernicka-Goetz M. The dynamics of morphogenesis in stem cell-based embryology: Novel insights for symmetry breaking. Dev Biol 2021; 474:82-90. [PMID: 33333067 PMCID: PMC8259461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Breaking embryonic symmetry is an essential prerequisite to shape the initially symmetric embryo into a highly organized body plan that serves as the blueprint of the adult organism. This critical process is driven by morphogen signaling gradients that instruct anteroposterior axis specification. Despite its fundamental importance, what triggers symmetry breaking and how the signaling gradients are established in time and space in the mammalian embryo remain largely unknown. Stem cell-based in vitro models of embryogenesis offer an unprecedented opportunity to quantitatively dissect the multiple physical and molecular processes that shape the mammalian embryo. Here we review biochemical mechanisms governing early mammalian patterning in vivo and highlight recent advances to recreate this in vitro using stem cells. We discuss how the novel insights from these model systems extend previously proposed concepts to illuminate the extent to which embryonic cells have the intrinsic capability to generate specific, reproducible patterns during embryogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berna Sozen
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA; Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Genetics, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| | - Jake Cornwall-Scoones
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA; Developmental Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA; Mammalian Embryo and Stem Cell Group, University of Cambridge, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dinh TTH, Iseki H, Mizuno S, Iijima-Mizuno S, Tanimoto Y, Daitoku Y, Kato K, Hamada Y, Hasan ASH, Suzuki H, Murata K, Muratani M, Ema M, Kim JD, Ishida J, Fukamizu A, Kato M, Takahashi S, Yagami KI, Wilson V, Arkell RM, Sugiyama F. Disruption of entire Cables2 locus leads to embryonic lethality by diminished Rps21 gene expression and enhanced p53 pathway. eLife 2021; 10:50346. [PMID: 33949947 PMCID: PMC8099427 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo function of CDK5 and Abl enzyme substrate 2 (Cables2), belonging to the Cables protein family, is unknown. Here, we found that targeted disruption of the entire Cables2 locus (Cables2d) caused growth retardation and enhanced apoptosis at the gastrulation stage and then induced embryonic lethality in mice. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed disruption of Cables2, 50% down-regulation of Rps21 abutting on the Cables2 locus, and up-regulation of p53-target genes in Cables2d gastrulas. We further revealed the lethality phenotype in Rps21-deleted mice and unexpectedly, the exon 1-deleted Cables2 mice survived. Interestingly, chimeric mice derived from Cables2d ESCs carrying exogenous Cables2 and tetraploid wild-type embryo overcame gastrulation. These results suggest that the diminished expression of Rps21 and the completed lack of Cables2 expression are intricately involved in the embryonic lethality via the p53 pathway. This study sheds light on the importance of Cables2 locus in mouse embryonic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tra Thi Huong Dinh
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Traditional Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.,Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Iseki
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Seiya Mizuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Saori Iijima-Mizuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Experimental Animal Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoko Tanimoto
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoko Daitoku
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kanako Kato
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuko Hamada
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ammar Shaker Hamed Hasan
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Doctor's Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hayate Suzuki
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Doctor's Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuya Murata
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masafumi Muratani
- Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Ema
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.,Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun-Dal Kim
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Division of Complex Bioscience Research, Department of Research and Development, Institute of National Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Junji Ishida
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Fukamizu
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Kato
- Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of. Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yagami
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Valerie Wilson
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, SCRM Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth M Arkell
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Fumihiro Sugiyama
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Regulatory Light Chains in Cardiac Development and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094351. [PMID: 33919432 PMCID: PMC8122660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of regulatory light chains (RLCs) in cardiac muscle function has been elucidated progressively over the past decade. The RLCs are among the earliest expressed markers during cardiogenesis and persist through adulthood. Failing hearts have shown reduced RLC phosphorylation levels and that restoring baseline levels of RLC phosphorylation is necessary for generating optimal force of muscle contraction. The signalling mechanisms triggering changes in RLC phosphorylation levels during disease progression remain elusive. Uncovering this information may provide insights for better management of heart failure patients. Given the cardiac chamber-specific expression of RLC isoforms, ventricular RLCs have facilitated the identification of mature ventricular cardiomyocytes, opening up possibilities of regenerative medicine. This review consolidates the standing of RLCs in cardiac development and disease and highlights knowledge gaps and potential therapeutic advancements in targeting RLCs.
Collapse
|
41
|
Penailillo RS, Eckert JJ, Burton MA, Burdge GC, Fleming TP, Lillycrop KA. High maternal folic acid intake around conception alters mouse blastocyst lineage allocation and expression of key developmental regulatory genes. Mol Reprod Dev 2021; 88:261-273. [PMID: 33719134 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Folate, a cofactor for the supply of one-carbon groups, is required by epigenetic processes to regulate cell lineage determination during development. The intake of folic acid (FA), the synthetic form of folate, has increased significantly over the past decade, but the effects of high periconceptional FA intake on cell lineage determination in the early embryo remains unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of maternal high FA (HFA) intake on blastocyst development and expression of key regulatory genes. C57BL/6 adult female mice were fed either Control diet (1 mg FA) for 4 weeks before conception and during the preimplantation period (Con-Con); Control diet for 4 weeks preconception, followed by HFA (5 mg FA) diet during preimplantation (Con-HFA); or HFA diet for 4 weeks preconception and during preimplantation (HFA-HFA). At E3.5, blastocyst cell number, protein, and mRNA expression were measured. In HFA-HFA blastocysts, trophectoderm cell numbers and expression of CDX2, Oct-4, and Nanog were reduced compared with Con-Con blastocysts; Con-HFA blastocysts showed lower CDX2 and Oct-4 expression than Con-Con blastocysts. These findings suggest periconceptional HFA intake induces changes in key regulators of embryo morphogenesis with potential implications for subsequent development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R S Penailillo
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - J J Eckert
- School of Human Health and Development, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - M A Burton
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - G C Burdge
- School of Human Health and Development, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - T P Fleming
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - K A Lillycrop
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Xiao C, Grzonka M, Meyer-Gerards C, Mack M, Figge R, Bazzi H. Gradual centriole maturation associates with the mitotic surveillance pathway in mouse development. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51127. [PMID: 33410253 PMCID: PMC7857428 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes, composed of two centrioles and pericentriolar material, organize mitotic spindles during cell division and template cilia during interphase. The first few divisions during mouse development occur without centrioles, which form around embryonic day (E) 3. However, disruption of centriole biogenesis in Sas-4 null mice leads to embryonic arrest around E9. Centriole loss in Sas-4-/- embryos causes prolonged mitosis and p53-dependent cell death. Studies in vitro discovered a similar USP28-, 53BP1-, and p53-dependent mitotic surveillance pathway that leads to cell cycle arrest. In this study, we show that an analogous pathway is conserved in vivo where 53BP1 and USP28 are upstream of p53 in Sas-4-/- embryos. The data indicate that the pathway is established around E7 of development, four days after the centrioles appear. Our data suggest that the newly formed centrioles gradually mature to participate in mitosis and cilia formation around the beginning of gastrulation, coinciding with the activation of mitotic surveillance pathway upon centriole loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cally Xiao
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,The Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Graduate School for Biological Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marta Grzonka
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,The Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Graduate School for Biological Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Charlotte Meyer-Gerards
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,The Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Graduate School for Biological Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Miriam Mack
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,The Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Masters Program in Biological Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rebecca Figge
- Graduate School for Biological Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hisham Bazzi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,The Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sahu S, Sharan SK. Translating Embryogenesis to Generate Organoids: Novel Approaches to Personalized Medicine. iScience 2020; 23:101485. [PMID: 32864586 PMCID: PMC7441954 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The astounding capacity of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) to differentiate and self-organize has revolutionized the development of 3D cell culture models. The major advantage is its ability to mimic in vivo microenvironments and cellular interactions when compared with the classical 2D cell culture models. Recent innovations in generating embryo-like structures (including blastoids and gastruloids) from PSCs have advanced the experimental accessibility to understand embryogenesis with immense potential to model human development. Taking cues on how embryonic development leads to organogenesis, PSCs can also be directly differentiated to form mini-organs or organoids of a particular lineage. Organoids have opened new avenues to augment our understanding of stem cell and regenerative biology, tissue homeostasis, and disease mechanisms. In this review, we provide insights from developmental biology with a comprehensive resource of signaling pathways that in a coordinated manner form embryo-like structures and organoids. Moreover, the advent of assembloids and multilineage organoids from PSCs opens a new dimension to study paracrine function and multi-tissue interactions in vitro. Although this led to an avalanche of enthusiasm to utilize organoids for organ transplantation studies, we examine the current limitations and provide perspectives to improve reproducibility, scalability, functional complexity, and cell-type characterization. Taken together, these 3D in vitro organ-specific and patient-specific models hold great promise for drug discovery, clinical management, and personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sounak Sahu
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 560, Room 32-04, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Shyam K. Sharan
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 560, Room 32-33, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Cerritelli SM, El Hage A. RNases H1 and H2: guardians of the stability of the nuclear genome when supply of dNTPs is limiting for DNA synthesis. Curr Genet 2020; 66:1073-1084. [PMID: 32886170 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-020-01086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RNA/DNA hybrids are processed by RNases H1 and H2, while single ribonucleoside-monophosphates (rNMPs) embedded in genomic DNA are removed by the error-free, RNase H2-dependent ribonucleotide excision repair (RER) pathway. In the absence of RER, however, topoisomerase 1 (Top1) can cleave single genomic rNMPs in a mutagenic manner. In RNase H2-deficient mice, the accumulation of genomic rNMPs above a threshold of tolerance leads to catastrophic genomic instability that causes embryonic lethality. In humans, deficiencies in RNase H2 induce the autoimmune disorders Aicardi-Goutières syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus, and cause skin and intestinal cancers. Recently, we reported that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the depletion of Rnr1, the major catalytic subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), which converts ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides, leads to cell lethality in absence of RNases H1 and H2. We hypothesized that under replicative stress and compromised DNA repair that are elicited by an insufficient supply of deoxyribonucleoside-triphosphates (dNTPs), cells cannot survive the accumulation of persistent RNA/DNA hybrids. Remarkably, we found that cells lacking RNase H2 accumulate ~ 5-fold more genomic rNMPs in absence than in presence of Rnr1. When the load of genomic rNMPs is further increased in the presence of a replicative DNA polymerase variant that over-incorporates rNMPs in leading or lagging strand, cells missing both Rnr1 and RNase H2 suffer from severe growth defects. These are reversed in absence of Top1. Thus, in cells lacking RNase H2 and containing a limiting supply of dNTPs, there is a threshold of tolerance for the accumulation of genomic ribonucleotides that is tightly associated with Top1-mediated DNA damage. In this mini-review, we describe the implications of the loss of RNase H2, or RNases H1 and H2, on the integrity of the nuclear genome and viability of budding yeast cells that are challenged with a critically low supply of dNTPs. We further propose that our findings in budding yeast could pave the way for the study of the potential role of mammalian RNR in RNase H2-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana M Cerritelli
- SFR, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aziz El Hage
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Siqueira LG, Silva MVG, Panetto JC, Viana JH. Consequences of assisted reproductive technologies for offspring function in cattle. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020; 32:82-97. [PMID: 32188560 DOI: 10.1071/rd19278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal fetuses, neonates and adult offspring derived by assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have been reported in humans, rodents and domestic animals. The use of ART has also been associated with an increased likelihood of certain adult diseases. These abnormalities may arise as a result of an excess of or missing maternally derived molecules during invitro culture, because the invitro environment is artificial and suboptimal for embryo development. Nonetheless, the success of ART in overcoming infertility or improving livestock genetics is undeniable. Limitations of invitro embryo production (IVEP) in cattle include lower rates of the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy and an increased incidence of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Moreover, recent studies demonstrated long-term effects of IVEP in cattle, including increased postnatal mortality, altered growth and a slight reduction in the performance of adult dairy cows. This review addresses the effects of an altered preimplantation environment on embryo and fetal programming and offspring development. We discuss cellular and molecular responses of the embryo to the maternal environment, how ART may disturb programming, the possible role of epigenetic effects as a mechanism for altered phenotypes and long-term effects of ART that manifest in postnatal life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz G Siqueira
- Embrapa Gado de Leite, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil 36038-330; and Corresponding author.
| | | | - João C Panetto
- Embrapa Gado de Leite, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil 36038-330
| | - João H Viana
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil 70770-917
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Origin and function of the yolk sac in primate embryogenesis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3760. [PMID: 32724077 PMCID: PMC7387521 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17575-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryogenesis is hallmarked by two phases of yolk sac development. The primate hypoblast gives rise to a transient primary yolk sac, which is rapidly superseded by a secondary yolk sac during gastrulation. Moreover, primate embryos form extraembryonic mesoderm prior to gastrulation, in contrast to mouse. The function of the primary yolk sac and the origin of extraembryonic mesoderm remain unclear. Here, we hypothesise that the hypoblast-derived primary yolk sac serves as a source for early extraembryonic mesoderm, which is supplemented with mesoderm from the gastrulating embryo. We discuss the intricate relationship between the yolk sac and the primate embryo and highlight the pivotal role of the yolk sac as a multifunctional hub for haematopoiesis, germ cell development and nutritional supply.
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Gene regulatory networks and tissue morphogenetic events drive the emergence of shape and function: the pillars of embryo development. Although model systems offer a window into the molecular biology of cell fate and tissue shape, mechanistic studies of our own development have so far been technically and ethically challenging. However, recent technical developments provide the tools to describe, manipulate and mimic human embryos in a dish, thus opening a new avenue to exploring human development. Here, I discuss the evidence that supports a role for the crosstalk between cell fate and tissue shape during early human embryogenesis. This is a critical developmental period, when the body plan is laid out and many pregnancies fail. Dissecting the basic mechanisms that coordinate cell fate and tissue shape will generate an integrated understanding of early embryogenesis and new strategies for therapeutic intervention in early pregnancy loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta N Shahbazi
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wang X, Cai L, Xie JX, Cui X, Zhang J, Wang J, Chen Y, Larre I, Shapiro JI, Pierre SV, Wu D, Zhu GZ, Xie Z. A caveolin binding motif in Na/K-ATPase is required for stem cell differentiation and organogenesis in mammals and C. elegans. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaw5851. [PMID: 32537485 PMCID: PMC7253156 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw5851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Several signaling events have been recognized as essential for regulating cell lineage specification and organogenesis in animals. We find that the gain of an amino-terminal caveolin binding motif (CBM) in the α subunit of the Na/K-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) (NKA) is required for the early stages of organogenesis in both mice and Caenorhabditis elegans. The evolutionary gain of the CBM occurred at the same time as the acquisition of the binding sites for Na+/K+. Loss of this CBM does not affect cell lineage specification or the initiation of organogenesis, but arrests further organ development. Mechanistically, this CBM is essential for the dynamic operation of Wnt and the timely up-regulation of transcriptional factors during organogenesis. These results indicate that the NKA was evolved as a dual functional protein that works in concert with Wnt as a hitherto unrecognized common mechanism to enable stem cell differentiation and organogenesis in multicellular organisms within the animal kingdom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Wang
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR) at Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Liquan Cai
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR) at Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Jeffrey X. Xie
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Cui
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR) at Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Jue Zhang
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR) at Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Jiayan Wang
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR) at Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Yiliang Chen
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Isabel Larre
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR) at Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Joseph I. Shapiro
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Sandrine V. Pierre
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR) at Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Dianqing Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Guo-Zhang Zhu
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR) at Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Zijian Xie
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR) at Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Peng G, Cui G, Ke J, Jing N. Using Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomes to Understand Stem Cell Lineage Specification During Early Embryo Development. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2020; 21:163-181. [PMID: 32339035 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-120219-083220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic development and stem cell differentiation provide a paradigm to understand the molecular regulation of coordinated cell fate determination and the architecture of tissue patterning. Emerging technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics are opening new avenues to dissect cell organization, the divergence of morphological and molecular properties, and lineage allocation. Rapid advances in experimental and computational tools have enabled researchers to make many discoveries and revisit old hypotheses. In this review, we describe the use of single-cell RNA sequencing in studies of molecular trajectories and gene regulation networks for stem cell lineages, while highlighting the integratedexperimental and computational analysis of single-cell and spatial transcriptomes in the molecular annotation of tissue lineages and development during postimplantation gastrulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangdun Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; .,Center for Cell Lineage and Atlas, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guizhong Cui
- Center for Cell Lineage and Atlas, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Jincan Ke
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China;
| | - Naihe Jing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; .,Center for Cell Lineage and Atlas, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China;
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gunne-Braden A, Sullivan A, Gharibi B, Sheriff RSM, Maity A, Wang YF, Edwards A, Jiang M, Howell M, Goldstone R, Wollman R, East P, Santos SDM. GATA3 Mediates a Fast, Irreversible Commitment to BMP4-Driven Differentiation in Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:693-706.e9. [PMID: 32302522 PMCID: PMC7487786 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
During early development, extrinsic triggers prompt pluripotent cells to begin the process of differentiation. When and how human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) irreversibly commit to differentiation is a fundamental yet unanswered question. By combining single-cell imaging, genomic approaches, and mathematical modeling, we find that hESCs commit to exiting pluripotency unexpectedly early. We show that bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), an important differentiation trigger, induces a subset of early genes to mirror the sustained, bistable dynamics of upstream signaling. Induction of one of these genes, GATA3, drives differentiation in the absence of BMP4. Conversely, GATA3 knockout delays differentiation and prevents fast commitment to differentiation. We show that positive feedback at the level of the GATA3-BMP4 axis induces fast, irreversible commitment to differentiation. We propose that early commitment may be a feature of BMP-driven fate choices and that interlinked feedback is the molecular basis for an irreversible transition from pluripotency to differentiation. Irreversible commitment to BMP4-driven hESC differentiation is fast SMAD activation is sustained, bistable, and irreversible due to positive feedback GATA3 mirrors SMAD dynamics and mediates fast commitment to differentiation GATA3 is an early commitment gene
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rahuman S M Sheriff
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory - European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Alok Maity
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Roy Wollman
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|