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Wang J, Cui M, Liu Y, Chen M, Xu J, Xia J, Sun J, Jiang L, Fang W, Song H, Cheng C. The mitochondrial carboxylase PCCA interacts with Listeria monocytogenes phospholipase PlcB to modulate bacterial survival. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0213523. [PMID: 38727222 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02135-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, a prominent foodborne pathogen responsible for zoonotic infections, owes a significant portion of its virulence to the presence of the phospholipase PlcB. In this study, we performed an in-depth examination of the intricate relationship between L. monocytogenes PlcB and host cell mitochondria, unveiling a novel participant in bacterial survival: the mitochondrial carboxylase propionyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (PCCA). Our investigation uncovered previously unexplored levels of interaction and colocalization between PCCA and PlcB within host cells, with particular emphasis on the amino acids 504-508 of PCCA, which play a pivotal role in this partnership. To assess the effect of PCCA expression on L. monocytogenes proliferation, PCCA expression levels were manipulated by siRNA-si-PCCA or pCMV-N-HA-PCCA plasmid transfection. Our findings demonstrated a clear inverse correlation between PCCA expression levels and the proliferation of L. monocytogenes. Furthermore, the effect of L. monocytogenes infection on PCCA expression was investigated by assessing PCCA mRNA and protein expression in HeLa cells infected with L. monocytogenes. These results indicate that L. monocytogenes infection did not significantly alter PCCA expression. These findings led us to propose that PCCA represents a novel participant in L. monocytogenes survival, and its abundance has a detrimental impact on bacterial proliferation. This suggests that L. monocytogenes may employ PlcB-PCCA interactions to maintain stable PCCA expression, representing a unique pro-survival strategy distinct from that of other intracellular bacterial pathogens. IMPORTANCE Mitochondria represent attractive targets for pathogenic bacteria seeking to modulate host cellular processes to promote their survival and replication. Our current study has uncovered mitochondrial carboxylase propionyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (PCCA) as a novel host cell protein that interacts with L. monocytogenes PlcB. The results demonstrate that PCCA plays a negative regulatory role in L. monocytogenes infection, as heightened PCCA levels are associated with reduced bacterial survival and persistence. However, L. monocytogenes may exploit the PlcB-PCCA interaction to maintain stable PCCA expression and establish a favorable intracellular milieu for bacterial infection. Our findings shed new light on the intricate interplay between bacterial pathogens and host cell mitochondria, while also highlighting the potential of mitochondrial metabolic enzymes as antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingzhu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yucong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mianmian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiali Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Xia
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingli Jiang
- Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weihuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Houhui Song
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changyong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Quarato ER, Salama NA, Calvi LM. Interplay Between Skeletal and Hematopoietic Cells in the Bone Marrow Microenvironment in Homeostasis and Aging. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2024:10.1007/s11914-024-00874-2. [PMID: 38782850 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-024-00874-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW In this review, we discuss the most recent scientific advances on the reciprocal regulatory interactions between the skeletal and hematopoietic stem cell niche, focusing on immunomodulation and its interplay with the cell's mitochondrial function, and how this impacts osteoimmune health during aging and disease. RECENT FINDINGS Osteoimmunology investigates interactions between cells that make up the skeletal stem cell niche and immune system. Much work has investigated the complexity of the bone marrow microenvironment with respect to the skeletal and hematopoietic stem cells that regulate skeletal formation and immune health respectively. It has now become clear that these cellular components cooperate to maintain homeostasis and that dysfunction in their interaction can lead to aging and disease. Having a deeper, mechanistic appreciation for osteoimmune regulation will lead to better research perspective and therapeutics with the potential to improve the aging process, skeletal and hematologic regeneration, and disease targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Quarato
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Noah A Salama
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Laura M Calvi
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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3
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Benaroya H. Mitochondria and MICOS - function and modeling. Rev Neurosci 2024; 0:revneuro-2024-0004. [PMID: 38369708 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2024-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
An extensive review is presented on mitochondrial structure and function, mitochondrial proteins, the outer and inner membranes, cristae, the role of F1FO-ATP synthase, the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS), the sorting and assembly machinery morphology and function, and phospholipids, in particular cardiolipin. Aspects of mitochondrial regulation under physiological and pathological conditions are outlined, in particular the role of dysregulated MICOS protein subunit Mic60 in Parkinson's disease, the relations between mitochondrial quality control and proteins, and mitochondria as signaling organelles. A mathematical modeling approach of cristae and MICOS using mechanical beam theory is introduced and outlined. The proposed modeling is based on the premise that an optimization framework can be used for a better understanding of critical mitochondrial function and also to better map certain experiments and clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haym Benaroya
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers University, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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4
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Quarato ER, Salama NA, Li AJ, Smith CO, Zhang J, Kawano Y, McArthur M, Liesveld JL, Becker MW, Elliott MR, Eliseev RA, Calvi LM. Efferocytosis by bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells disrupts osteoblastic differentiation via mitochondrial remodeling. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:428. [PMID: 37452070 PMCID: PMC10349065 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05931-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The efficient clearance of dead and dying cells, efferocytosis, is critical to maintain tissue homeostasis. In the bone marrow microenvironment (BMME), this role is primarily fulfilled by professional bone marrow macrophages, but recent work has shown that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) act as a non-professional phagocyte within the BMME. However, little is known about the mechanism and impact of efferocytosis on MSCs and on their function. To investigate, we performed flow cytometric analysis of neutrophil uptake by ST2 cells, a murine bone marrow-derived stromal cell line, and in murine primary bone marrow-derived stromal cells. Transcriptional analysis showed that MSCs possess the necessary receptors and internal processing machinery to conduct efferocytosis, with Axl and Tyro3 serving as the main receptors, while MerTK was not expressed. Moreover, the expression of these receptors was modulated by efferocytic behavior, regardless of apoptotic target. MSCs derived from human bone marrow also demonstrated efferocytic behavior, showing that MSC efferocytosis is conserved. In all MSCs, efferocytosis impaired osteoblastic differentiation. Transcriptional analysis and functional assays identified downregulation in MSC mitochondrial function upon efferocytosis. Experimentally, efferocytosis induced mitochondrial fission in MSCs. Pharmacologic inhibition of mitochondrial fission in MSCs not only decreased efferocytic activity but also rescued osteoblastic differentiation, demonstrating that efferocytosis-mediated mitochondrial remodeling plays a critical role in regulating MSC differentiation. This work describes a novel function of MSCs as non-professional phagocytes within the BMME and demonstrates that efferocytosis by MSCs plays a key role in directing mitochondrial remodeling and MSC differentiation. Efferocytosis by MSCs may therefore be a novel mechanism of dysfunction and senescence. Since our data in human MSCs show that MSC efferocytosis is conserved, the consequences of MSC efferocytosis may impact the behavior of these cells in the human skeleton, including bone marrow remodeling and bone loss in the setting of aging, cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Quarato
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Noah A Salama
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Allison J Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Charles O Smith
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jane Zhang
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yuko Kawano
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Matthew McArthur
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jane L Liesveld
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Michael W Becker
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Michael R Elliott
- University of Virginia, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Roman A Eliseev
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Laura M Calvi
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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5
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Khalimonchuk O, Becker DF. Molecular Determinants of Mitochondrial Shape and Function and Their Role in Glaucoma. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:896-919. [PMID: 36301938 PMCID: PMC10171965 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Cells depend on well-functioning mitochondria for essential processes such as energy production, redox signaling, coordination of metabolic pathways, and cofactor biosynthesis. Mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic decline, and protein stress have been implicated in the etiology of multiple late-onset diseases, including various ataxias, diabetes, sarcopenia, neuromuscular disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases such as parkinsonism, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and glaucoma. Recent Advances: New evidence supports that increased energy metabolism protects neuron function during aging. Key energy metabolic enzymes, however, are susceptible to oxidative damage making it imperative that the mitochondrial proteome is protected. More than 40 different enzymes have been identified as important factors for guarding mitochondrial health and maintaining a dynamic pool of mitochondria. Critical Issues: Understanding shared mechanisms of age-related disorders of neurodegenerative diseases such as glaucoma, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease is important for developing new therapies. Functional mitochondrial shape and dynamics rely on complex interactions between mitochondrial proteases and membrane proteins. Identifying the sequence of molecular events that lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic stress is a major challenge. Future Directions: A critical need exists for new strategies that reduce mitochondrial protein stress and promote mitochondrial dynamics in age-related neurological disorders. Discovering how mitochondria-associated degradation is related to proteostatic mechanisms in mitochondrial compartments may reveal new opportunities for therapeutic interventions. Also, little is known about how protein and membrane contacts in the inner and outer mitochondrial membrane are regulated, even though they are pivotal for mitochondrial architecture. Future work will need to delineate the molecular details of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Khalimonchuk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Donald F. Becker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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6
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Bock-Bierbaum T, Funck K, Wollweber F, Lisicki E, von der Malsburg K, von der Malsburg A, Laborenz J, Noel JK, Hessenberger M, Jungbluth S, Bernert C, Kunz S, Riedel D, Lilie H, Jakobs S, van der Laan M, Daumke O. Structural insights into crista junction formation by the Mic60-Mic19 complex. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo4946. [PMID: 36044574 PMCID: PMC9432830 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo4946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial cristae membranes are the oxidative phosphorylation sites in cells. Crista junctions (CJs) form the highly curved neck regions of cristae and are thought to function as selective entry gates into the cristae space. Little is known about how CJs are generated and maintained. We show that the central coiled-coil (CC) domain of the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system subunit Mic60 forms an elongated, bow tie-shaped tetrameric assembly. Mic19 promotes Mic60 tetramerization via a conserved interface between the Mic60 mitofilin and Mic19 CHCH (CC-helix-CC-helix) domains. Dimerization of mitofilin domains exposes a crescent-shaped membrane-binding site with convex curvature tailored to interact with the curved CJ neck. Our study suggests that the Mic60-Mic19 subcomplex traverses CJs as a molecular strut, thereby controlling CJ architecture and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Bock-Bierbaum
- Structural Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathrin Funck
- Structural Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Wollweber
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Elisa Lisicki
- Structural Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karina von der Malsburg
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Alexander von der Malsburg
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Janina Laborenz
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Jeffrey K. Noel
- Structural Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Hessenberger
- Structural Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sibylle Jungbluth
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Carola Bernert
- Structural Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Séverine Kunz
- Technology Platform for Electron Microscopy, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietmar Riedel
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hauke Lilie
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Section of Protein Biochemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Stefan Jakobs
- Research Group Mitochondrial Structure and Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Clinic for Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Translational Neuroinflammation and Automated Microscopy, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin van der Laan
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Oliver Daumke
- Structural Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Lu L, Mao H, Zhou M, Lin Y, Dai W, Qiu J, Xiao Y, Mo M, Zhu X, Wu Z, Pei Z, Guo W, Xu P, Chen X. CHCHD2 maintains mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system stability and protects against mitochondrial dysfunction in an experimental model of Parkinson's disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:00029330-990000000-00025. [PMID: 35830185 PMCID: PMC9532036 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's dementia. Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the pathology of PD. Coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain-containing 2 (CHCHD2) was identified as associated with autosomal dominant PD. However, the mechanism of CHCHD2 in PD remains unclear. METHODS Short hairpin RNA (ShRNA)-mediated CHCHD2 knockdown or lentivirus-mediated CHCHD2 overexpression was performed to investigate the impact of CHCHD2 on mitochondrial morphology and function in neuronal tumor cell lines represented with human neuroblastoma (SHSY5Y) and HeLa cells. Blue-native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE analysis were used to illustrate the role of CHCHD2 in mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS). Co-immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting were used to address the interaction between CHCHD2 and Mic10. Serotype injection of adeno-associated vector-mediated CHCHD2 and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) administration were used to examine the influence of CHCHD2 in vivo. RESULTS We found that the overexpression of CHCHD2 can protect against methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibit the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the MPTP-induced mouse model. Furthermore, we identified that CHCHD2 interacted with Mic10, and overexpression of CHCHD2 can protect against MPP+-induced MICOS impairment, while knockdown of CHCHD2 impaired the stability of MICOS. CONCLUSION This study indicated that CHCHD2 could interact with Mic10 and maintain the stability of the MICOS complex, which contributes to protecting mitochondrial function in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Hengxu Mao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Yuwan Lin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Jiewen Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Yousheng Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Mingshu Mo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Zhuohua Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Zhong Pei
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Wenyuan Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Pingyi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
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8
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Medlock AE, Hixon JC, Bhuiyan T, Cobine PA. Prime Real Estate: Metals, Cofactors and MICOS. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:892325. [PMID: 35669513 PMCID: PMC9163361 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.892325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metals are key elements for the survival and normal development of humans but can also be toxic to cells when mishandled. In fact, even mild disruption of metal homeostasis causes a wide array of disorders. Many of the metals essential to normal physiology are required in mitochondria for enzymatic activities and for the formation of essential cofactors. Copper is required as a cofactor in the terminal electron transport chain complex cytochrome c oxidase, iron is required for the for the formation of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters and heme, manganese is required for the prevention of oxidative stress production, and these are only a few examples of the critical roles that mitochondrial metals play. Even though the targets of these metals are known, we are still identifying transporters, investigating the roles of known transporters, and defining regulators of the transport process. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles whose content, structure and localization within the cell vary in different tissues and organisms. Our knowledge of the impact that alterations in mitochondrial physiology have on metal content and utilization in these organelles is very limited. The rates of fission and fusion, the ultrastructure of the organelle, and rates of mitophagy can all affect metal homeostasis and cofactor assembly. This review will focus of the emerging areas of overlap between metal homeostasis, cofactor assembly and the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) that mediates multiple aspects of mitochondrial physiology. Importantly the MICOS complexes may allow for localization and organization of complexes not only involved in cristae formation and contact between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes but also acts as hub for metal-related proteins to work in concert in cofactor assembly and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. Medlock
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Augusta University/University of Georgia Medical Partnership, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - J. Catrice Hixon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Tawhid Bhuiyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Paul A. Cobine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- *Correspondence: Paul A. Cobine,
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Abstract
Mitochondria are complex organelles with two membranes. Their architecture is determined by characteristic folds of the inner membrane, termed cristae. Recent studies in yeast and other organisms led to the identification of four major pathways that cooperate to shape cristae membranes. These include dimer formation of the mitochondrial ATP synthase, assembly of the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS), inner membrane remodelling by a dynamin-related GTPase (Mgm1/OPA1), and modulation of the mitochondrial lipid composition. In this review, we describe the function of the evolutionarily conserved machineries involved in mitochondrial cristae biogenesis with a focus on yeast and present current models to explain how their coordinated activities establish mitochondrial membrane architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Klecker
- Institut für Zellbiologie, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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10
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Deng R, Wang W, Xu X, Ding J, Wang J, Yang S, Li H, Shen H, Li X, Chen G. Loss of MIC60 Aggravates Neuronal Death by Inducing Mitochondrial Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4999-5013. [PMID: 34232477 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02468-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial damage has been reported to be a critical factor for secondary brain injury (SBI) induced by intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). MIC60 is a key element of the mitochondrial contact site and cristae junction organizing system (MICOS), which takes a principal part in maintaining mitochondrial structure and function. The role of MIC60 and its underlying mechanisms in ICH-induced SBI are not clear, which will be investigated in this present study. To establish and emulate ICH model in vivo and in vitro, autologous blood was injected into the right basal ganglia of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats; and primary-cultured cortical neurons were treated by oxygen hemoglobin (OxyHb). First, after ICH induction, mitochondria were damaged and exhibited mitochondrial crista-structure remodeling, and MIC60 protein levels were reduced. Furthermore, MIC60 overexpression reduced ICH-induced neuronal death both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, MIC60 upregulation reduced ICH-induced cerebral edema, neurobehavioral impairment, and cognitive dysfunction; by contrast, MIC60 knockdown had the opposite effect. Additionally, in primary-cultured neurons, MIC60 overexpression could reverse ICH-induced neuronal cell death and apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, and decrease of mitophagy, indicating that MIC60 overexpression can maintain the integrity of mitochondrial structures. Moreover, loss of MIC60 is after ICH-induced reduction in PINK1 levels and mislocalization of Parkin in primary-cultured neurons. Taken together, our findings suggest that MIC60 plays an important role in ICH-induced SBI and may represent a promising target for ICH therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruming Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of Bozhou, Bozhou, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jiasheng Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jiahe Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Siyuan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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11
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Gallardo-Montejano VI, Yang C, Hahner L, McAfee JL, Johnson JA, Holland WL, Fernandez-Valdivia R, Bickel PE. Perilipin 5 links mitochondrial uncoupled respiration in brown fat to healthy white fat remodeling and systemic glucose tolerance. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3320. [PMID: 34083525 PMCID: PMC8175597 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23601-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure of mice or humans to cold promotes significant changes in brown adipose tissue (BAT) with respect to histology, lipid content, gene expression, and mitochondrial mass and function. Herein we report that the lipid droplet coat protein Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) increases markedly in BAT during exposure of mice to cold. To understand the functional significance of cold-induced PLIN5, we created and characterized gain- and loss-of-function mouse models. Enforcing PLIN5 expression in mouse BAT mimics the effects of cold with respect to mitochondrial cristae packing and uncoupled substrate-driven respiration. PLIN5 is necessary for the maintenance of mitochondrial cristae structure and respiratory function during cold stress. We further show that promoting PLIN5 function in BAT is associated with healthy remodeling of subcutaneous white adipose tissue and improvements in systemic glucose tolerance and diet-induced hepatic steatosis. These observations will inform future strategies that seek to exploit thermogenic adipose tissue as a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes, obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Perilipin 5 is a lipid droplet protein that interacts with PGC1α in the nucleus to regulate mitochondrial metabolism. Here the authors use genetically engineered mouse models to determine the physiologic role of Perilipin 5, and show that it regulates mitochondrial adaptations to cold, as well as systemic energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta I Gallardo-Montejano
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chaofeng Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lisa Hahner
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John L McAfee
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Joshua A Johnson
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - William L Holland
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology and the Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Perry E Bickel
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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12
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Abstract
Mitochondria are signaling hubs responsible for the generation of energy through oxidative phosphorylation, the production of key metabolites that serve the bioenergetic and biosynthetic needs of the cell, calcium (Ca2+) buffering and the initiation/execution of apoptosis. The ability of mitochondria to coordinate this myriad of functions is achieved through the exquisite regulation of fundamental dynamic properties, including remodeling of the mitochondrial network via fission and fusion, motility and mitophagy. In this Review, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms by which these dynamic properties of the mitochondria support mitochondrial function, review their impact on human cortical development and highlight areas in need of further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tierney Baum
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Vivian Gama
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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13
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Smith CO, Eliseev RA. Energy Metabolism During Osteogenic Differentiation: The Role of Akt. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:149-162. [PMID: 33307974 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteogenic differentiation, the process by which bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal (a.k.a. skeletal stem) cells and osteoprogenitors form osteoblasts, is a critical event for bone formation during development, fracture repair, and tissue maintenance. Extra cellular and intracellular signaling pathways triggering osteogenic differentiation are relatively well known; however, the ensuing change in cell energy metabolism is less clearly defined. We and others have previously reported activation of mitochondria during osteogenic differentiation. To further elucidate the involved bioenergetic mechanisms and triggers, we tested the effect of osteogenic media containing ascorbate and β-glycerol phosphate, or various osteogenic hormones and growth factors on energy metabolism in long bone (ST2)- and calvarial bone (MC3T3-E1)-derived osteoprogenitors. We show that osteogenic media and differentiation factors, Wnt3a and BMP2, stimulate mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) with little effect on glycolysis. The activation of OxPhos occurs acutely, suggesting a metabolic signaling change rather than protein expression change. To this end, we found that the observed mitochondrial activation is Akt dependent. Akt is activated by osteogenic media, Wnt3a, and BMP2, leading to increased phosphorylation of various mitochondrial Akt targets, a phenomenon known to stimulate OxPhos. In sum, our data provide comprehensive analysis of cellular bioenergetics during osteoinduction in cells of two different origins (mesenchyme vs neural crest) and identify Wnt3a and BMP2 as physiological stimulators of mitochondrial respiration through Akt activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Owen Smith
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Roman A Eliseev
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
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14
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Glancy B, Kim Y, Katti P, Willingham TB. The Functional Impact of Mitochondrial Structure Across Subcellular Scales. Front Physiol 2020; 11:541040. [PMID: 33262702 PMCID: PMC7686514 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.541040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key determinants of cellular health. However, the functional role of mitochondria varies from cell to cell depending on the relative demands for energy distribution, metabolite biosynthesis, and/or signaling. In order to support the specific needs of different cell types, mitochondrial functional capacity can be optimized in part by modulating mitochondrial structure across several different spatial scales. Here we discuss the functional implications of altering mitochondrial structure with an emphasis on the physiological trade-offs associated with different mitochondrial configurations. Within a mitochondrion, increasing the amount of cristae in the inner membrane improves capacity for energy conversion and free radical-mediated signaling but may come at the expense of matrix space where enzymes critical for metabolite biosynthesis and signaling reside. Electrically isolating individual cristae could provide a protective mechanism to limit the spread of dysfunction within a mitochondrion but may also slow the response time to an increase in cellular energy demand. For individual mitochondria, those with relatively greater surface areas can facilitate interactions with the cytosol or other organelles but may be more costly to remove through mitophagy due to the need for larger phagophore membranes. At the network scale, a large, stable mitochondrial reticulum can provide a structural pathway for energy distribution and communication across long distances yet also enable rapid spreading of localized dysfunction. Highly dynamic mitochondrial networks allow for frequent content mixing and communication but require constant cellular remodeling to accommodate the movement of mitochondria. The formation of contact sites between mitochondria and several other organelles provides a mechanism for specialized communication and direct content transfer between organelles. However, increasing the number of contact sites between mitochondria and any given organelle reduces the mitochondrial surface area available for contact sites with other organelles as well as for metabolite exchange with cytosol. Though the precise mechanisms guiding the coordinated multi-scale mitochondrial configurations observed in different cell types have yet to be elucidated, it is clear that mitochondrial structure is tailored at every level to optimize mitochondrial function to meet specific cellular demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Glancy
- Muscle Energetics Laboratory, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yuho Kim
- Muscle Energetics Laboratory, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Physical Therapy and Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Prasanna Katti
- Muscle Energetics Laboratory, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - T. Bradley Willingham
- Muscle Energetics Laboratory, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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15
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Perkins G, Lee JH, Park S, Kang M, Perez-Flores MC, Ju S, Phillips G, Lysakowski A, Gratton MA, Yamoah EN. Altered Outer Hair Cell Mitochondrial and Subsurface Cisternae Connectomics Are Candidate Mechanisms for Hearing Loss in Mice. J Neurosci 2020; 40:8556-8572. [PMID: 33020216 PMCID: PMC7605424 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2901-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Organelle crosstalk is vital for cellular functions. The propinquity of mitochondria, ER, and plasma membrane promote regulation of multiple functions, which include intracellular Ca2+ flux, and cellular biogenesis. Although the purposes of apposing mitochondria and ER have been described, an understanding of altered organelle connectomics related to disease states is emerging. Since inner ear outer hair cell (OHC) degeneration is a common trait of age-related hearing loss, the objective of this study was to investigate whether the structural and functional coupling of mitochondria with subsurface cisternae (SSC) was affected by aging. We applied functional and structural probes to equal numbers of male and female mice with a hearing phenotype akin to human aging. We discovered the polarization of cristae and crista junctions in mitochondria tethered to the SSC in OHCs. Aging was associated with SSC stress and decoupling of mitochondria with the SSC, mitochondrial fission/fusion imbalance, a remarkable reduction in mitochondrial and cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels, reduced K+-induced Ca2+ uptake, and marked plasticity of cristae membranes. A model of structure-based ATP production predicts profound energy stress in older OHCs. This report provides data suggesting that altered membrane organelle connectomics may result in progressive hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Perkins
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | | | | | | | | | - Saeyeon Ju
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Grady Phillips
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Anna Lysakowski
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Otolaryngology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
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16
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Li S, Wu Z, Li Y, Tantray I, De Stefani D, Mattarei A, Krishnan G, Gao FB, Vogel H, Lu B. Altered MICOS Morphology and Mitochondrial Ion Homeostasis Contribute to Poly(GR) Toxicity Associated with C9-ALS/FTD. Cell Rep 2020; 32:107989. [PMID: 32755582 PMCID: PMC7433775 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) manifests pathological changes in motor neurons and various other cell types. Compared to motor neurons, the contribution of the other cell types to the ALS phenotypes is understudied. G4C2 repeat expansion in C9ORF72 is the most common genetic cause of ALS along with frontotemporal dementia (C9-ALS/FTD), with increasing evidence supporting repeat-encoded poly(GR) in disease pathogenesis. Here, we show in Drosophila muscle that poly(GR) enters mitochondria and interacts with components of the Mitochondrial Contact Site and Cristae Organizing System (MICOS), altering MICOS dynamics and intra-subunit interactions. This impairs mitochondrial inner membrane structure, ion homeostasis, mitochondrial metabolism, and muscle integrity. Similar mitochondrial defects are observed in patient fibroblasts. Genetic manipulation of MICOS components or pharmacological restoration of ion homeostasis with nigericin effectively rescue the mitochondrial pathology and disease phenotypes in both systems. These results implicate MICOS-regulated ion homeostasis in C9-ALS pathogenesis and suggest potential new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangxi Li
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Zhihao Wu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA,These authors contributed equally,Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, Dedman College of Humanities and Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas TX 75275, USA
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ishaq Tantray
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Diego De Stefani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Mattarei
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Gopinath Krishnan
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Fen-Biao Gao
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Hannes Vogel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bingwei Lu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA,Lead Contact,Correspondence:
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17
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Veloso CD, Belew GD, Ferreira LL, Grilo LF, Jones JG, Portincasa P, Sardão VA, Oliveira PJ. A Mitochondrial Approach to Cardiovascular Risk and Disease. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:3175-3194. [PMID: 31470786 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190830163735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading risk factor for mortality worldwide and the number of CVDs victims is predicted to rise through 2030. While several external parameters (genetic, behavioral, environmental and physiological) contribute to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; intrinsic metabolic and functional determinants such as insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, inflammation, high blood pressure and dyslipidemia are considered to be dominant factors. METHODS Pubmed searches were performed using different keywords related with mitochondria and cardiovascular disease and risk. In vitro, animal and human results were extracted from the hits obtained. RESULTS High cardiac energy demand is sustained by mitochondrial ATP production, and abnormal mitochondrial function has been associated with several lifestyle- and aging-related pathologies in the developed world such as diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and kidney diseases, that in turn can lead to cardiac injury. In order to delay cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of cardiovascular risk, regular physical activity has been shown to improve mitochondrial parameters and myocardial tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion (IR). Furthermore, pharmacological interventions can prevent the risk of CVDs. Therapeutic agents that can target mitochondria, decreasing ROS production and improve its function have been intensively researched. One example is the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ10, which already showed beneficial effects in hypertensive rat models. Carvedilol or antidiabetic drugs also showed protective effects by preventing cardiac mitochondrial oxidative damage. CONCLUSION This review highlights the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in CVDs, also show-casing several approaches that act by improving mitochondrial function in the heart, contributing to decrease some of the risk factors associated with CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline D Veloso
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Getachew D Belew
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Luciana L Ferreira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Luís F Grilo
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - John G Jones
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Vilma A Sardão
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
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18
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Mollo N, Cicatiello R, Aurilia M, Scognamiglio R, Genesio R, Charalambous M, Paladino S, Conti A, Nitsch L, Izzo A. Targeting Mitochondrial Network Architecture in Down Syndrome and Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3134. [PMID: 32365535 PMCID: PMC7247689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles that mainly control energy conversion in the cell. In addition, they also participate in many relevant activities, such as the regulation of apoptosis and calcium levels, and other metabolic tasks, all closely linked to cell viability. Functionality of mitochondria appears to depend upon their network architecture that may dynamically pass from an interconnected structure with long tubular units, to a fragmented one with short separate fragments. A decline in mitochondrial quality, which presents itself as an altered structural organization and a function of mitochondria, has been observed in Down syndrome (DS), as well as in aging and in age-related pathologies. This review provides a basic overview of mitochondrial dynamics, from fission/fusion mechanisms to mitochondrial homeostasis. Molecular mechanisms determining the disruption of the mitochondrial phenotype in DS and aging are discussed. The impaired activity of the transcriptional co-activator PGC-1α/PPARGC1A and the hyperactivation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase are emerging as molecular underlying causes of these mitochondrial alterations. It is, therefore, likely that either stimulating the PGC-1α activity or inhibiting mTOR signaling could reverse mitochondrial dysfunction. Evidence is summarized suggesting that drugs targeting either these pathways or other factors affecting the mitochondrial network may represent therapeutic approaches to improve and/or prevent the effects of altered mitochondrial function. Overall, from all these studies it emerges that the implementation of such strategies may exert protective effects in DS and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia Mollo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Cicatiello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Miriam Aurilia
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Scognamiglio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Genesio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Charalambous
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Paladino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Conti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Lucio Nitsch
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Izzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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19
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Meinnel T, Dian C, Giglione C. Myristoylation, an Ancient Protein Modification Mirroring Eukaryogenesis and Evolution. Trends Biochem Sci 2020; 45:619-632. [PMID: 32305250 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
N-myristoylation (MYR) is a crucial fatty acylation catalyzed by N-myristoyltransferases (NMTs) that is likely to have appeared over 2 billion years ago. Proteome-wide approaches have now delivered an exhaustive list of substrates undergoing MYR across approximately 2% of any proteome, with constituents, several unexpected, associated with different membrane compartments. A set of <10 proteins conserved in eukaryotes probably represents the original set of N-myristoylated targets, marking major changes occurring throughout eukaryogenesis. Recent findings have revealed unexpected mechanisms and reactivity, suggesting competition with other acylations that are likely to influence cellular homeostasis and the steady state of the modification landscape. Here, we review recent advances in NMT catalysis, substrate specificity, and MYR proteomics, and discuss concepts regarding MYR during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Meinnel
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Cyril Dian
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Carmela Giglione
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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20
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Cell organelles as targets of mammalian cadmium toxicity. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:1017-1049. [PMID: 32206829 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02692-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ever increasing environmental presence of cadmium as a consequence of industrial activities is considered a health hazard and is closely linked to deteriorating global health status. General animal and human cadmium exposure ranges from ingestion of foodstuffs sourced from heavily polluted hotspots and cigarette smoke to widespread contamination of air and water, including cadmium-containing microplastics found in household water. Cadmium is promiscuous in its effects and exerts numerous cellular perturbations based on direct interactions with macromolecules and its capacity to mimic or displace essential physiological ions, such as iron and zinc. Cell organelles use lipid membranes to form complex tightly-regulated, compartmentalized networks with specialized functions, which are fundamental to life. Interorganellar communication is crucial for orchestrating correct cell behavior, such as adaptive stress responses, and can be mediated by the release of signaling molecules, exchange of organelle contents, mechanical force generated through organelle shape changes or direct membrane contact sites. In this review, cadmium effects on organellar structure and function will be critically discussed with particular consideration to disruption of organelle physiology in vertebrates.
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21
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Listeria monocytogenes Exploits Mitochondrial Contact Site and Cristae Organizing System Complex Subunit Mic10 To Promote Mitochondrial Fragmentation and Cellular Infection. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.03171-19. [PMID: 32019800 PMCID: PMC7002346 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03171-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria can target host cell organelles to take control of key cellular processes and promote their intracellular survival, growth, and persistence. Mitochondria are essential, highly dynamic organelles with pivotal roles in a wide variety of cell functions. Mitochondrial dynamics and function are intimately linked. Our previous research showed that Listeria monocytogenes infection impairs mitochondrial function and triggers fission of the mitochondrial network at an early infection stage, in a process that is independent of the presence of the main mitochondrial fission protein Drp1. Here, we analyzed how mitochondrial proteins change in response to L. monocytogenes infection and found that infection raises the levels of Mic10, a mitochondrial inner membrane protein involved in formation of cristae. We show that Mic10 is important for L. monocytogenes-dependent mitochondrial fission and infection of host cells. Our findings thus offer new insight into the mechanisms used by L. monocytogenes to hijack mitochondria to optimize host infection. Mitochondrial function adapts to cellular demands and is affected by the ability of the organelle to undergo fusion and fission in response to physiological and nonphysiological cues. We previously showed that infection with the human bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes elicits transient mitochondrial fission and a drop in mitochondrion-dependent energy production through a mechanism requiring the bacterial pore-forming toxin listeriolysin O (LLO). Here, we performed quantitative mitochondrial proteomics to search for host factors involved in L. monocytogenes-induced mitochondrial fission. We found that Mic10, a critical component of the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) complex, is significantly enriched in mitochondria isolated from cells infected with wild-type but not with LLO-deficient L. monocytogenes. Increased mitochondrial Mic10 levels did not correlate with upregulated transcription, suggesting a posttranscriptional mechanism. We then showed that Mic10 is necessary for L. monocytogenes-induced mitochondrial network fragmentation and that it contributes to L. monocytogenes cellular infection independently of MICOS proteins Mic13, Mic26, and Mic27. In conclusion, investigation of L. monocytogenes infection allowed us to uncover a role for Mic10 in mitochondrial fission.
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Prinz WA, Toulmay A, Balla T. The functional universe of membrane contact sites. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:7-24. [PMID: 31732717 PMCID: PMC10619483 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Organelles compartmentalize eukaryotic cells, enhancing their ability to respond to environmental and developmental changes. One way in which organelles communicate and integrate their activities is by forming close contacts, often called 'membrane contact sites' (MCSs). Interest in MCSs has grown dramatically in the past decade as it is has become clear that they are ubiquitous and have a much broader range of critical roles in cells than was initially thought. Indeed, functions for MCSs in intracellular signalling (particularly calcium signalling, reactive oxygen species signalling and lipid signalling), autophagy, lipid metabolism, membrane dynamics, cellular stress responses and organelle trafficking and biogenesis have now been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Prinz
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Alexandre Toulmay
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tamas Balla
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Jiang YF, Lin HL, Wang LJ, Hsu T, Fu CY. Coordinated organization of mitochondrial lamellar cristae and gain of COX function during mitochondrial maturation in Drosophila. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 31:18-26. [PMID: 31746672 PMCID: PMC6938269 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-08-0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial cristae contain electron transport chain complexes and are distinct from the inner boundary membrane (IBM). While many details regarding the regulation of mitochondrial structure are known, the relationship between cristae structure and function during organelle development is not fully described. Here, we used serial-section tomography to characterize the formation of lamellar cristae in immature mitochondria during a period of dramatic mitochondrial development that occurs after Drosophila emergence as an adult. We found that the formation of lamellar cristae was associated with the gain of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) function, and the COX subunit, COX4, was localized predominantly to organized lamellar cristae. Interestingly, 3D tomography showed some COX-positive lamellar cristae were not connected to IBM. We hypothesize that some lamellar cristae may be organized by a vesicle germination process in the matrix, in addition to invagination of IBM. OXA1 protein, which mediates membrane insertion of COX proteins, was also localized to cristae and reticular structures isolated in the matrix additional to the IBM, suggesting that it may participate in the formation of vesicle germination-derived cristae. Overall, our study elaborates on how cristae morphogenesis and functional maturation are intricately associated. Our data support the vesicle germination and membrane invagination models of cristae formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Jiang
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Ling Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jie Wang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Tian Hsu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Fu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Agrawal A, Ramachandran R. Exploring the links between lipid geometry and mitochondrial fission: Emerging concepts. Mitochondrion 2019; 49:305-313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Eichenberger C, Oeljeklaus S, Bruggisser J, Mani J, Haenni B, Kaurov I, Niemann M, Zuber B, Lukeš J, Hashimi H, Warscheid B, Schimanski B, Schneider A. The highly diverged trypanosomal MICOS complex is organized in a nonessential integral membrane and an essential peripheral module. Mol Microbiol 2019; 112:1731-1743. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Eichenberger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 Bern CH‐3012Switzerland
| | - Silke Oeljeklaus
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology University of Freiburg Freiburg 79104Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS University of Freiburg Freiburg 79104Germany
| | - Julia Bruggisser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 Bern CH‐3012Switzerland
| | - Jan Mani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 Bern CH‐3012Switzerland
| | - Beat Haenni
- Institute of Anatomy University of Bern Baltzerstrasse 2 Bern 3012Switzerland
| | - Iosif Kaurov
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Center Czech Academy of Sciences České Budějovice (Budweis) Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia 370 05České Budějovice (Budweis) Czech Republic
| | - Moritz Niemann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 Bern CH‐3012Switzerland
| | - Benoît Zuber
- Institute of Anatomy University of Bern Baltzerstrasse 2 Bern 3012Switzerland
| | - Julius Lukeš
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Center Czech Academy of Sciences České Budějovice (Budweis) Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia 370 05České Budějovice (Budweis) Czech Republic
| | - Hassan Hashimi
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Center Czech Academy of Sciences České Budějovice (Budweis) Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia 370 05České Budějovice (Budweis) Czech Republic
| | - Bettina Warscheid
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology University of Freiburg Freiburg 79104Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS University of Freiburg Freiburg 79104Germany
| | - Bernd Schimanski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 Bern CH‐3012Switzerland
| | - André Schneider
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 Bern CH‐3012Switzerland
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Li L, Lavell A, Meng X, Berkowitz O, Selinski J, van de Meene A, Carrie C, Benning C, Whelan J, De Clercq I, Wang Y. Arabidopsis DGD1 SUPPRESSOR1 Is a Subunit of the Mitochondrial Contact Site and Cristae Organizing System and Affects Mitochondrial Biogenesis. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:1856-1878. [PMID: 31118221 PMCID: PMC6713299 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial and plastid biogenesis requires the biosynthesis and assembly of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the mitochondrial outer membrane protein DGD1 SUPPRESSOR1 (DGS1) is part of a large multi-subunit protein complex that contains the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system 60-kD subunit, the translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40-kD subunit (TOM40), the TOM20s, and the Rieske FeS protein. A point mutation in DGS1, dgs1-1, altered the stability and protease accessibility of this complex. This altered mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial size, lipid content and composition, protein import, and respiratory capacity. Whole plant physiology was affected in the dgs1-1 mutant as evidenced by tolerance to imposed drought stress and altered transcriptional responses of markers of mitochondrial retrograde signaling. Putative orthologs of Arabidopsis DGS1 are conserved in eukaryotes, including the Nuclear Control of ATP Synthase2 (NCA2) protein in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), but lost in Metazoa. The genes encoding DGS1 and NCA2 are part of a similar coexpression network including genes encoding proteins involved in mitochondrial fission, morphology, and lipid homeostasis. Thus, DGS1 links mitochondrial protein and lipid import with cellular lipid homeostasis and whole plant stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Life Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anastasiya Lavell
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Xiangxiang Meng
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Life Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Oliver Berkowitz
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Life Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer Selinski
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Life Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Chris Carrie
- Department Biologie I - Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadernerstrasse 2-4, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Christoph Benning
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - James Whelan
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Life Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Inge De Clercq
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Life Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Life Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, La Trobe University, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, 3086, Victoria, Australia
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Lesus J, Arias K, Kulaga J, Sobkiv S, Patel A, Babu V, Kambalyal A, Patel M, Padron F, Mozaffari P, Jayakumar A, Ghatalah L, Laban N, Bahari R, Perkins G, Lysakowski A. Why study inner ear hair cell mitochondria? HNO 2019; 67:429-433. [PMID: 30969353 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-019-0662-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In several systems of the body (muscle, liver, nerves), new studies have examined the internal structure of mitochondria and brought to light striking new findings about how mitochondria are constructed and how their structure affects cell function. In the inner ear field, however, we have little structural knowledge about hair cell and supporting cell mitochondria, and virtually none about mitochondrial subtypes or how they function in health and disease. The need for such knowledge is discussed in this short review.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lesus
- Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S. Wood St., M/C 512, 60612, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K Arias
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J Kulaga
- Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S. Wood St., M/C 512, 60612, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S Sobkiv
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A Patel
- Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S. Wood St., M/C 512, 60612, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - V Babu
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A Kambalyal
- Dept. of Economics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Patel
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - F Padron
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - P Mozaffari
- Dept. of Economics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A Jayakumar
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L Ghatalah
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - N Laban
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R Bahari
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - G Perkins
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research (NCMIR), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - A Lysakowski
- Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S. Wood St., M/C 512, 60612, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Dept. of Otolaryngology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Abstract
Significance: In addition to their classical role in cellular ATP production, mitochondria are of key relevance in various (patho)physiological mechanisms including second messenger signaling, neuro-transduction, immune responses and death induction. Recent Advances: Within cells, mitochondria are motile and display temporal changes in internal and external structure ("mitochondrial dynamics"). During the last decade, substantial empirical and in silico evidence was presented demonstrating that mitochondrial dynamics impacts on mitochondrial function and vice versa. Critical Issues: However, a comprehensive and quantitative understanding of the bidirectional links between mitochondrial external shape, internal structure and function ("morphofunction") is still lacking. The latter particularly hampers our understanding of the functional properties and behavior of individual mitochondrial within single living cells. Future Directions: In this review we discuss the concept of mitochondrial morphofunction in mammalian cells, primarily using experimental evidence obtained within the last decade. The topic is introduced by briefly presenting the central role of mitochondria in cell physiology and the importance of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) therein. Next, we summarize in detail how mitochondrial (ultra)structure is controlled and discuss empirical evidence regarding the equivalence of mitochondrial (ultra)structure and function. Finally, we provide a brief summary of how mitochondrial morphofunction can be quantified at the level of single cells and mitochondria, how mitochondrial ultrastructure/volume impacts on mitochondrial bioreactions and intramitochondrial protein diffusion, and how mitochondrial morphofunction can be targeted by small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elianne P. Bulthuis
- Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Merel J.W. Adjobo-Hermans
- Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter H.G.M. Willems
- Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Werner J.H. Koopman
- Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Werner J.H. Koopman, Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, Nijmegen NL-6500 HB, The Netherlands
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29
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Nath S. Integration of demand and supply sides in the ATP energy economics of cells. Biophys Chem 2019; 252:106208. [PMID: 31238246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2019.106208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The central aspects of the energy economics of living cells revolve around the synthesis and utilization of molecules of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Current descriptions of cell metabolism and its regulation in most textbooks of biochemistry assume that enzymes and transporters behave in the same way in isolation and in a cell. Calculations of the mechanistic or maximal P/O ratios in oxidative phosphorylation by mammalian cells generally consider only the supply side of the problem without linking to ATP-demand processes. The purpose of this article is to calculate the mechanistic P/O ratio by integration of the supply and demand sides of ATP reactions. The mechanistic stoichiometry calculated from an integrated approach is compared with that obtained from the standard model that considers only ATP supply. After accounting for leaks, slips, and other losses, the actual or operative P/O calculated by the integrated method is found to be in good agreement with the experimental values of the P/O ratio determined in mitochondria for both succinate and NADH-linked respiratory substrates. The thermodynamic consequences of these results and the biological implications are discussed. An integrated model of oxidative phosphorylation that goes beyond the chemiosmotic theory is presented, and a solution to the longstanding fundamental problem of respiratory control is found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Nath
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
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30
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Callegari S, Müller T, Schulz C, Lenz C, Jans DC, Wissel M, Opazo F, Rizzoli SO, Jakobs S, Urlaub H, Rehling P, Deckers M. A MICOS-TIM22 Association Promotes Carrier Import into Human Mitochondria. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:2835-2851. [PMID: 31103774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial membrane proteins with internal targeting signals are inserted into the inner membrane by the carrier translocase (TIM22 complex). For this, precursors have to be initially directed from the TOM complex in the outer mitochondrial membrane across the intermembrane space toward the TIM22 complex. How these two translocation processes are topologically coordinated is still unresolved. Using proteomic approaches, we find that the human TIM22 complex associates with the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) complex. This association does not appear to be conserved in yeast, whereby the yeast MICOS complex instead interacts with the presequence translocase. Using a yeast mic10Δ strain and a HEK293T MIC10 knockout cell line, we characterize the role of MICOS for protein import into the mitochondrial inner membrane and matrix. We find that a physiological cristae organization promotes efficient import via the presequence pathway in yeast, while in human mitochondria, the MICOS complex is dispensable for protein import along the presequence pathway. However, in human mitochondria, the MICOS complex is required for the efficient import of carrier proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane. Our analyses suggest that in human mitochondria, positioning of the carrier translocase at the crista junction, and potentially in vicinity to the TOM complex, is required for efficient transport into the inner membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Callegari
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Müller
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christof Lenz
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Bioanalytics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel C Jans
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Mitochondrial Structure and Dynamics Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg, 11 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Clinic for Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mirjam Wissel
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Felipe Opazo
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, von-Siebold-Strasse 3a, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silvio O Rizzoli
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, von-Siebold-Strasse 3a, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Jakobs
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Mitochondrial Structure and Dynamics Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg, 11 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Clinic for Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Bioanalytics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Rehling
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Markus Deckers
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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Yan C, Duanmu X, Zeng L, Liu B, Song Z. Mitochondrial DNA: Distribution, Mutations, and Elimination. Cells 2019; 8:E379. [PMID: 31027297 PMCID: PMC6523345 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrion harbors its own DNA (mtDNA), which encodes many critical proteins for the assembly and activity of mitochondrial respiratory complexes. mtDNA is packed by many proteins to form a nucleoid that uniformly distributes within the mitochondrial matrix, which is essential for mitochondrial functions. Defects or mutations of mtDNA result in a range of diseases. Damaged mtDNA could be eliminated by mitophagy, and all paternal mtDNA are degraded by endonuclease G or mitophagy during fertilization. In this review, we describe the role and mechanism of mtDNA distribution and elimination. In particular, we focus on the regulation of paternal mtDNA elimination in the process of fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojun Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Xiaoying Duanmu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Ling Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Bing Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Zhiyin Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Martorano L, Peron M, Laquatra C, Lidron E, Facchinello N, Meneghetti G, Tiso N, Rasola A, Ghezzi D, Argenton F. The zebrafish orthologue of the human hepatocerebral disease gene MPV17 plays pleiotropic roles in mitochondria. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.037226. [PMID: 30833296 PMCID: PMC6451431 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.037226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndromes (MDS) are a group of rare autosomal recessive disorders with early onset and no cure available. MDS are caused by mutations in nuclear genes involved in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance, and characterized by both a strong reduction in mtDNA content and severe mitochondrial defects in affected tissues. Mutations in MPV17, a nuclear gene encoding a mitochondrial inner membrane protein, have been associated with hepatocerebral forms of MDS. The zebrafish mpv17 null mutant lacks the guanine-based reflective skin cells named iridophores and represents a promising model to clarify the role of Mpv17. In this study, we characterized the mitochondrial phenotype of mpv17−/− larvae and found early and severe ultrastructural alterations in liver mitochondria, as well as significant impairment of the respiratory chain, leading to activation of the mitochondrial quality control. Our results provide evidence for zebrafish Mpv17 being essential for maintaining mitochondrial structure and functionality, while its effects on mtDNA copy number seem to be subordinate. Considering that a role in nucleotide availability had already been postulated for MPV17, that embryos blocked in pyrimidine synthesis do phenocopy mpv17−/− knockouts (KOs) and that mpv17−/− KOs have impaired Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase activity, we provided mpv17 mutants with the pyrimidine precursor orotic acid (OA). Treatment with OA, an easily available food supplement, significantly increased both iridophore number and mtDNA content in mpv17−/− mutants, thus linking the loss of Mpv17 to pyrimidine de novo synthesis and opening a new simple therapeutic approach for MPV17-related MDS. Summary: The zebrafish mpv17−/− mutant shows a severe mitochondrial phenotype with ultrastructural alterations and oxidative phosphorylation impairment. The pyrimidine precursor orotic acid ameliorates mpv17−/− phenotype and increases mitochondrial DNA content, linking the loss of Mpv17 to pyrimidine de novo synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martorano
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Margherita Peron
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Laquatra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Lidron
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Facchinello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giacomo Meneghetti
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Natascia Tiso
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Rasola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Daniele Ghezzi
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via Libero Temolo 4, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Argenton
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Enkavi G, Javanainen M, Kulig W, Róg T, Vattulainen I. Multiscale Simulations of Biological Membranes: The Challenge To Understand Biological Phenomena in a Living Substance. Chem Rev 2019; 119:5607-5774. [PMID: 30859819 PMCID: PMC6727218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
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Biological
membranes are tricky to investigate. They are complex
in terms of molecular composition and structure, functional
over a wide range of time scales, and characterized
by nonequilibrium conditions. Because of all of these
features, simulations are a great technique to study biomembrane
behavior. A significant part of the functional processes
in biological membranes takes place at the molecular
level; thus computer simulations are the method of
choice to explore how their properties emerge from specific
molecular features and how the interplay among the numerous
molecules gives rise to function over spatial and
time scales larger than the molecular ones. In this
review, we focus on this broad theme. We discuss the current
state-of-the-art of biomembrane simulations that, until
now, have largely focused on a rather narrow picture
of the complexity of the membranes. Given this, we
also discuss the challenges that we should unravel in the
foreseeable future. Numerous features such as the actin-cytoskeleton
network, the glycocalyx network, and nonequilibrium
transport under ATP-driven conditions have so far
received very little attention; however, the potential
of simulations to solve them would be exceptionally high. A
major milestone for this research would be that one day
we could say that computer simulations genuinely research
biological membranes, not just lipid bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giray Enkavi
- Department of Physics , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Matti Javanainen
- Department of Physics , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo naḿesti 542/2 , 16610 Prague , Czech Republic.,Computational Physics Laboratory , Tampere University , P.O. Box 692, FI-33014 Tampere , Finland
| | - Waldemar Kulig
- Department of Physics , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Tomasz Róg
- Department of Physics , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland.,Computational Physics Laboratory , Tampere University , P.O. Box 692, FI-33014 Tampere , Finland
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department of Physics , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland.,Computational Physics Laboratory , Tampere University , P.O. Box 692, FI-33014 Tampere , Finland.,MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics
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Valente AJ, Fonseca J, Moradi F, Foran G, Necakov A, Stuart JA. Quantification of Mitochondrial Network Characteristics in Health and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1158:183-196. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8367-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Nicholls TJ, Gustafsson CM. Separating and Segregating the Human Mitochondrial Genome. Trends Biochem Sci 2018; 43:869-881. [PMID: 30224181 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cells contain thousands of copies of the mitochondrial genome. These genomes are distributed within the tubular mitochondrial network, which is itself spread across the cytosol of the cell. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication occurs throughout the cell cycle and ensures that cells maintain a sufficient number of mtDNA copies. At replication termination the genomes must be resolved and segregated within the mitochondrial network. Defects in mtDNA replication and segregation are a cause of human mitochondrial disease associated with failure of cellular energy production. This review focuses upon recent developments on how mitochondrial genomes are physically separated at the end of DNA replication, and how these genomes are subsequently segregated and distributed around the mitochondrial network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Nicholls
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 440, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Claes M Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 440, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Könnel A, Bugaeva W, Gügel IL, Philippar K. BANFF: bending of bilayer membranes by amphiphilic α-helices is necessary for form and function of organelles 1. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 97:243-256. [PMID: 30208283 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2018-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
By binding to and inserting into the lipid bilayer, amphiphilic α-helices of proteins are involved in the curvature of biological membranes in all organisms. In particular, they are involved in establishing the complex membrane architecture of intracellular organelles like the endoplasmatic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. Thus, amphiphilic α-helices are essential for maintenance of cellular metabolism and fitness of organisms. Here we focus on the structure and function of membrane-intrinsic proteins, which are involved in membrane curvature by amphiphilic α-helices, in mitochondria and chloroplasts of the eukaryotic model organisms yeast and Arabidopsis thaliana. Further, we propose a model for transport of fatty acids and lipid compounds across the envelope of chloroplasts in which amphiphilic α-helices might play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Könnel
- a Center for Human- and Molecular Biology (ZHMB) - Plant Biology, Saarland University, Campus A 2.4, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Wassilina Bugaeva
- a Center for Human- and Molecular Biology (ZHMB) - Plant Biology, Saarland University, Campus A 2.4, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Irene L Gügel
- b Department of Biology I - Botany, Ludwig-Maximilians University München, Großhaderner-Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Katrin Philippar
- a Center for Human- and Molecular Biology (ZHMB) - Plant Biology, Saarland University, Campus A 2.4, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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Ježek J, Cooper KF, Strich R. Reactive Oxygen Species and Mitochondrial Dynamics: The Yin and Yang of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cancer Progression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:E13. [PMID: 29337889 PMCID: PMC5789323 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles with a highly dynamic ultrastructure maintained by a delicate equilibrium between its fission and fusion rates. Understanding the factors influencing this balance is important as perturbations to mitochondrial dynamics can result in pathological states. As a terminal site of nutrient oxidation for the cell, mitochondrial powerhouses harness energy in the form of ATP in a process driven by the electron transport chain. Contemporaneously, electrons translocated within the electron transport chain undergo spontaneous side reactions with oxygen, giving rise to superoxide and a variety of other downstream reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrially-derived ROS can mediate redox signaling or, in excess, cause cell injury and even cell death. Recent evidence suggests that mitochondrial ultrastructure is tightly coupled to ROS generation depending on the physiological status of the cell. Yet, the mechanism by which changes in mitochondrial shape modulate mitochondrial function and redox homeostasis is less clear. Aberrant mitochondrial morphology may lead to enhanced ROS formation, which, in turn, may deteriorate mitochondrial health and further exacerbate oxidative stress in a self-perpetuating vicious cycle. Here, we review the latest findings on the intricate relationship between mitochondrial dynamics and ROS production, focusing mainly on its role in malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Ježek
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA.
| | - Katrina F Cooper
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA.
| | - Randy Strich
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 3800, Melbourne, Australia.
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