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Xu Z, Duan X, Chen Y, Chen D, Lu H, Zhan J, Ren X, Pan X. Great truths are always simple: A millimeter-sized macroscopic lanthanum-calcium dual crosslinked carboxymethyl chitosan aerogel bead as a promising adsorbent for scavenging oxytetracycline from wastewater. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134499. [PMID: 39217038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Given their increasing environmental and health harms, it is crucial to develop green and sustainable techniques for scavenging antibiotics represented by oxytetracycline (OTC) from wastewater. In the present work, a structurally simple lanthanum-calcium dual crosslinked carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS-La3+-Ca2+) aerogel was innovatively synthesized for adsorptive removal of OTC. It was found that CMCS and La3+ sites collaboratively participated in OTC elimination, and OTC removal peaked over the wide pH range of 4-7. The process of OTC sorption was better described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Redlich-Peterson model, and the saturated uptake amount toward OTC was up to 580.91 mg/g at 303 K, which was comparable to the bulk of previous records. The as-fabricated composite also exerted exceptional capture capacity toward OTC in consecutive adsorption-desorption runs and high-salinity wastewater. Amazingly, its packed column continuously ran for over 60 h with a dynamic uptake amount of 215.21 mg/g until the adsorption was saturated, illustrating its great potential in scale-up applications. Mechanism studies demonstrated that multifarious spatially-isolated reactive sites of CMCS-La3+-Ca2+ cooperatively involved in OTC capture via multi-mechanisms, such as n-π EDA interaction, H-bonding, La3+-complexation, and cation-π bonding. All the above superiorities endow it as a promising adsorbent for OTC-containing wastewater decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Xu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China..
| | - Xingyu Duan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuning Chen
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Dongshan Chen
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Juhong Zhan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiaomin Ren
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China..
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Igwegbe CA, Onyechi CC, Białowiec A, Onukwuli OD. Enhancing municipal solid waste leachate treatment efficiency: AI-based prediction of electrocoagulation/flocculation recovery using iron electrodes. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38659204 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2328659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
This study addresses a gap in municipal leachate (MUPL) treatment by introducing a pioneering application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the electrocoagulation/electroflocculation (EC/EF) process utilizing iron electrodes. The overarching aim is to demonstrate the efficacy of AI, particularly a multi-layer perceptron (MLP)-based feed-forward artificial neural network (ANN) incorporating the Levenberg-Marquardt (LMb) algorithm, in predicting and optimizing EC/EF outcomes for turbidity (TDY) removal. The research methodology involved experimentation and robust ANN data modeling. The significance of this work emerges from the successful integration of AI, showcasing its potential in advancing wastewater, demonstrated through a strong positive correlation (0.994) between the ANN model predictions and experimental outcomes. The study achieves a remarkable 99.4% TDY removal at an electrolysis time of 10 min and contributes valuable insights into the critical parameters influencing the EC/EF process. Results from the ANN modeling exhibit high predictive accuracy, supported by elevated R-squared values and minimal mean square error. Statistical analyses underscore the significance of key process parameters, highlighting the influential roles of current intensity and settling time. The study emphasized the favourable impact of maintaining an acidic pH range, as it reduced electrostatic repulsion between particles, facilitating pollutant agglomeration, and identified electrolysis time as a key factor in enhancing treatment efficiency, supported by a strong positive correlation between electrolysis time and TDY reduction. Energy cost savings were realized by not requiring temperature elevation. Achieving a 99.4% TDY removal translates to substantial reductions in other pollutants present in the MUPL, thereby elevating water quality and ensuring compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinenye Adaobi Igwegbe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Chinonso Chukwudi Onyechi
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Andrzej Białowiec
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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Li K, Zhang X, Huang X, Li X, Chang Q, Wang J, Deng S, Zhu G. Wood-converted porous carbon decorated with MIL-101(Fe) derivatives for promoting photo-Fenton degradation of ciprofloxacin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:23924-23941. [PMID: 38430437 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32679-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
In response to the escalating concerns over antibiotics in aquatic environments, the photo-Fenton reaction has been spotlighted as a promising approach to address this issue. Herein, a novel heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalyst (Fe3O4/WPC) with magnetic recyclability was synthesized through a facile two-step process that included in situ growth and subsequent carbonization treatment. This catalyst was utilized to expedite the photocatalytic decomposition of ciprofloxacin (CIP) assisted by H2O2. Characterization results indicated the successful anchoring of MIL-101(Fe)-derived spindle-like Fe3O4 particles in the multi-channeled wood-converted porous carbon (WPC) scaffold. The as-synthesized hybrid photocatalysts, boasting a substantial specific surface area of 414.90 m2·g-1 and an excellent photocurrent density of 0.79 μA·cm-2, demonstrated superior photo-Fenton activity, accomplishing approximately 100% degradation of CIP within 120 min of ultraviolet-light exposure. This can be attributed to the existence of a heterojunction between Fe3O4 and WPC substrate that promotes the migration and enhances the efficient separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Meanwhile, the Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox circulation and mesoporous wood carbon in the catalyst synergistically enhance the utilization of H2O and accelerate the formation of •OH radicals, leading to heightened degradation efficiency of CIP. Experiments utilizing chemical trapping techniques have demonstrated that •OH radicals are instrumental in the CIP degradation process. Furthermore, the study on reusability indicated that the efficiency in removing CIP remained at 89.5% even through five successive cycles, indicating the structural stability and excellent recyclability of Fe3O4/WPC. This research presented a novel pathway for designing magnetically reusable MOFs/wood-derived composites as photo-Fenton catalysts for actual wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqian Li
- International Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Xupeng Zhang
- School of Material and Chemistry Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Xueqin Huang
- School of Material and Chemistry Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Xianghong Li
- International Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Qiaowen Chang
- Kunming Institute of Precious Metals, Yunnan Precious Metals Lab Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Material and Chemistry Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Shuduan Deng
- School of Material and Chemistry Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Gang Zhu
- International Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China.
- School of Material and Chemistry Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China.
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Lu J, Zhang P, Li J, Cao Y, Zhang W, Zhang X, Yi X, Wang H. Mo(VI) removal from water by aluminum electrocoagulation: Cost-effectiveness analysis, main influencing factors, and proposed mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132608. [PMID: 37748311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Mo(VI) (MoO42-) removal by aluminum electrocoagulation (Al EC) with Al as anodes and cathodes was studied for the first time. At the initial Mo concentrations of 0.3 - 150 mg/L, kinetic analysis and effects of main factors (electrode connection modes, current density (CD), initial pH, and electrolytes) were examined, and potential mechanism of Mo(VI) removal were elucidated. Results showed that CD had significant impacts on anode weight loss, cathode weight loss, and total electrode weight loss (p value < 0.05). Cathode weight loss was higher than anode weight loss. XRD analysis results showed lower crystallinity of scums than that of precipitates. Boehmite was the most prevalent oxide in scums. An appropriate amount of NaCl was beneficial for enhancing the Mo(VI) removal efficiency and reducing the energy consumption of the Al EC process. Electrostatic attraction, surface complexation, hydroxyl exchange, flocculation, and coprecipitation were the main mechanisms involved in the Mo(VI) removal process by Al EC. Al EC outperformed conventional chemical coagulation in terms of Mo(VI) removal at the same dosage of Al. The Mo(VI) removal efficiencies in two real water samples (lake water and river water) reached up to 89.2% and 71.2%, respectively. This study provides novel insights into the strategies for the removal of oxoanionic metal pollutants and reduction of operating cost by Al EC technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Lu
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Economics and Management, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Yumin Cao
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Xintong Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Xuesong Yi
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- School of Eco-Environment, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
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Kaviani S, Khajavian M, Piyanzina I, Nedopekin OV, Tayurskii DA. Theoretical design of transition metal-doped oxo-triarylmethyl as a disposable platform for adsorption of ibuprofen. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 126:108647. [PMID: 37832342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Emerging environmental contaminants have become a crucial environmental issue because of the highly toxic effluents emitted by factories. Ibuprofen (IBP), as a typical anti-inflammatory drug, is frequently detected in water sources. Therefore, its removal using various adsorbents has drawn great interest. Herein, the structural, electronic, energetic, and optical properties of pristine oxo-triarylmethyl (oxTAM) and transition metal-doped oxo-triarylmethyl (TM@oxTAM, TM = Sc, Ti, V, Cr, and Mn) for adsorption of the IBU drug were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations implemented in Gaussian and VASP codes. Frontier molecular orbital (FMO), density of states (DOS), and electronic band structure results demonstrated that transition metal-doped oxTAM causes a significant reduction in the energy band gap (Eg) value of pristine oxTAM, with the highest decrease (30.14 %) in the case of Mn@oxTAM. It was found that transition metal doping onto oxTAM leads to an increase in the adsorption energies (1.20-2.64 eV) and charge density between transition metal and IBU. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis revealed that charge was effectively transferred from the IBU towards the transition metal, which was further analyzed by charge decomposition analysis (CDA). Furthermore, quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), interaction region indicator (IRI), electron localization function (ELF), and radial distribution function (RDF) analyses revealed that the IBU is adsorbed on the Sc@oxTAM surface via covalent interactions, while electrostatic with partially covalent interactions are dominated in other IBU/TM@oxTAM complexes. The results suggest that TM doping on the oxTAM provides a new insight for developing photocatalyst-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) to remove emerging pollutants in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Kaviani
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, 420008, Kazan, Russia
| | | | - Irina Piyanzina
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, 420008, Kazan, Russia.
| | - Oleg V Nedopekin
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, 420008, Kazan, Russia
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Feng X, Li X, Su B. Photocatalytic degradation performance of antibiotics by peanut shell biochar anchored NiCr-LDH nanocomposites fabricated by one-pot hydrothermal protocol. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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7
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Wang L, Liu Y, Hao J, Ma Z, Lu Y, Zhang M, Hou C. Construction of an S-scheme TiOF 2/HTiOF 3 heterostructures with abundant OVs and OH groups: Performance, kinetics and mechanism insight. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 640:15-30. [PMID: 36827845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.02.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Developing efficient photocatalysts is of crucial significance for the development of photocatalysis techniques. In this work, an S-scheme alkaline-washed TiOF2/HTiOF3(OHTOF) heterostructures with abundant Oxygen vacancies (Ovs) and OH groups was successfully constructed and used to remedy antibiotic wastewater under simulated sunlight. The generation of HTiOF3 was induced by g-C3N4 regulation. The results displayed that OHTOF15 composite possessed the best photocatalytic performance, which could degrade 94.2% tetracyclinehydrochloride (TCH) at a rate speed constant of 1.077 min-1 in 2.5 h. The after-alkali-washing process increased the concentration of OH groups and Ovs defects, and greatly enlarged the surface area. The abundant Ovs and OH groups were conducive to the formation of free radicals' and the transport of charge carriers. Compared with the pristine TiOF2, the absorption sidebands of OHTOF series were greatly red-shifted, which indicated that the increase of OH groups and the etching of the morphology of OHTOF further enhanced its visible-light harvesting ability. Furthermore, the metal cycle of the variable state of Ti4+/Ti3+ in OHTOF15 compensated for the charge balance and promoted the efficient separation of the carriers. Additionally, the apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of the TCH photodegradation system based on Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal efficiency was calculated to be 0.32%. It was confirmed that the electron transport path in TiOF2/HTiOF3 nanocomposites system followed the S-scheme type, which increased the charge carriers' separation rate and maintained a strong redox capacity. This work could provide some enlightenment for the construction of the semiconducting heterojunction and controllable surface defects engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Yi Liu
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Jing Hao
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Zhichao Ma
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Yizhuo Lu
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Mingyuan Zhang
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Chentao Hou
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China.
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8
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Chauhan S, Shafi T, Dubey BK, Chowdhury S. Biochar-mediated removal of pharmaceutical compounds from aqueous matrices via adsorption. WASTE DISPOSAL & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY 2022; 5:37-62. [PMID: 36568572 PMCID: PMC9757639 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-022-00118-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical is one of the noteworthy classes of emerging contaminants. These biologically active compounds pose a range of deleterious impacts on human health and the environment. This is attributed to their refractory behavior, poor biodegradability, and pseudopersistent nature. Their large-scale production by pharmaceutical industries and subsequent widespread utilization in hospitals, community health centers, and veterinary facilities, among others, have significantly increased the occurrence of pharmaceutical residues in various environmental compartments. Several technologies are currently being evaluated to eliminate pharmaceutical compounds (PCs) from aqueous environments. Among them, adsorption appears as the most viable treatment option because of its operational simplicity and low cost. Intensive research and development efforts are, therefore, currently underway to develop inexpensive adsorbents for the effective abatement of PCs. Although numerous adsorbents have been investigated for the removal of PCs in recent years, biochar-based adsorbents have garnered tremendous scientific attention to eliminate PCs from aqueous matrices because of their decent specific surface area, tunable surface chemistry, scalable production, and environmentally benign nature. This review, therefore, attempts to provide an overview of the latest progress in the application of biochar for the removal of PCs from wastewater. Additionally, the fundamental knowledge gaps in the domain knowledge are identified and novel strategic research guidelines are laid out to make further advances in this promising approach towards sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Chauhan
- grid.429017.90000 0001 0153 2859School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
| | - Tajamul Shafi
- grid.429017.90000 0001 0153 2859School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
| | - Brajesh Kumar Dubey
- grid.429017.90000 0001 0153 2859Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
| | - Shamik Chowdhury
- grid.429017.90000 0001 0153 2859School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
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Lázaro Gil J, van den Brink P, De Moel P, van der Steen P, R Rene E. Homogeneous ferrous iron oxidation in a pilot-scale electrocoagulation system treating municipal wastewater: a model validation and simulation study. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 86:2555-2569. [PMID: 36450672 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
During an iron-electrocoagulation (Fe-EC) process, floc formation is essential for achieving high contaminants removal. Thus, the complete oxidation of the Fe2+ dosed as coagulant is a critical step for ferric oxides flocs formation. Since the fluctuation in the quality of the influent wastewater affects the kinetics of Fe2+ oxidation, the estimation of optimal operating conditions (i.e. the retention time, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, etc.) for high Fe2+ oxidation is required. In this study, the kinetics of Fe2+ oxidation was simulated using PHREEQC software by theoretically optimizing, validating and improving the previously published kinetic models. During model simulation, the process parameters were varied from low to high ranges: Fe2+ dosage (10-100 mg/L) and retention times under the influence of changing pH (7.5-8.2), temperature (12-22 °C), alkalinity (5-10 mEq/L) and initial DO (8.6-10.5 mg/L). Fe2+ oxidation rate was more affected by pH variations in the influent than by temperature variations. A pH increase (+0.4 to +1.7 pH units) was observed due to the low wastewater alkalinity, promoting high Fe2+ oxidation rates. To ensure optimum Fe2+ oxidation levels (≥98%), a minimum retention time of 20 minutes was estimated. Finally, the residual DO concentration should be >3.5 mg/L to avoid a decrease in the oxidation rate. This study contributes to the ongoing research in the field of physico-chemical wastewater treatment with EC by establishing the optimal process parameters required for system optimization and process scalability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Lázaro Gil
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, P.O. Box 3015, Delft 2601DA, The Netherlands E-mail:
| | - Paula van den Brink
- Evides Industriewater B.V., Process & Technology, Schaardijk 150, Rotterdam, 3063 NH, The Netherlands
| | - Peter De Moel
- Evides Industriewater B.V., Process & Technology, Schaardijk 150, Rotterdam, 3063 NH, The Netherlands; Omnisys, Eiberlaan 23, Hoevelaken 3871 TG, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van der Steen
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, P.O. Box 3015, Delft 2601DA, The Netherlands E-mail:
| | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, P.O. Box 3015, Delft 2601DA, The Netherlands E-mail:
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10
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Yang Y, Ali A, Su J, Xu L, Wang X, Liang E. Simultaneous removal of nitrate, tetracycline, and Pb(II) by iron oxidizing strain Zoogloea sp. FY6: Performance and mechanism. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127569. [PMID: 35788391 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Based on the prevalence of combined antibiotics and heavy metals contamination in the aquatic environment, this study utilized a microbial approach to achieve simultaneous removal of nitrate (NO3--N), tetracycline (TTC), and Pb(II). Zoogloea sp. FY6 could achieve an optimal NO3--N removal efficiency of 91.5% under C/N ratio of 2.0, at a pH of 6.3, and Fe(II) concentration of 20.23 mg L-1 based on response surface methodology. Additionally, strain FY6 was further found to achieve 89.9 and 81.7% removal of TTC and Pb(II) at 6 h under the optimal conditions. Finally, the results of Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy further proved that the biologically formed nanoscale iron oxides and biological action jointly led to the removal of TTC and Pb(II). This study provided a theoretical basis for the application of microbially driven process to remove multi-pollutants in micro-polluted water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Amjad Ali
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Junfeng Su
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xumian Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Enlei Liang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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Pal S, Ahamed Z, Pal P. Removal of antibiotics and pharmaceutically active compounds from water Environment: Experiments towards industrial scale up. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Oladipo AA, Mustafa FS, Ezugwu ON, Gazi M. Efficient removal of antibiotic in single and binary mixture of nickel by electrocoagulation process: Hydrogen generation and cost analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 300:134532. [PMID: 35398471 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In discharged water, antibiotics and heavy metals frequently coexist, forming stable and recalcitrant complexes. Environmental concerns about how to efficiently treat this type of pollution are growing. Using Fe and Al electrodes, electrocoagulation (EC) was applied to remove tetracycline (TC) as a single pollutant as well as TC-nickel ions in a binary mixture from water. The effects of critical variables and the TC-Ni molar ratio (1:1, 1:2, and 2:1) were studied. The Fe electrode achieved 99.3% TC removal after 60 min in a single pollutant system containing 15 mgL-1 of TC, while the Al electrode achieved 99.8% removal in 20 min at optimal conditions. The EC process demonstrated excellent electrodegradation efficiency towards TC-Ni complexes. When the TC to Ni2+ ratio was 1:1 and 1:2, respectively, TC elimination was 100% in 10 min and 99.6% in 20 min. We noted that a sufficient amount of Ni2+ could increase TC decomposition by electrocatalysis. The amount of hydrogen gas produced after treatment of a 0.2 L TC solution alone is 22.2-13.99 mol m-3, whereas it was 27.2-40.8 mol m-3 in the TC-Ni binary mixture, which can generate more than 35% of the electrical energy needed to power the EC system. To evaluate the generated sludge, FTIR analysis was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo
- Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta TR North Cyprus, via Mersin 10, Turkey.
| | - Faisal Suleiman Mustafa
- Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta TR North Cyprus, via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Obinna Nestor Ezugwu
- Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta TR North Cyprus, via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Gazi
- Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta TR North Cyprus, via Mersin 10, Turkey
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Rusu L, Grigoraș CG, Simion AI, Suceveanu EM, Dediu Botezatu AV, Harja M. Biosorptive Removal of Ethacridine Lactate from Aqueous Solutions by Saccharomyces pastorianus Residual Biomass/Calcium Alginate Composite Beads: Fixed-Bed Column Study. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15134657. [PMID: 35806780 PMCID: PMC9267667 DOI: 10.3390/ma15134657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, ethacridine lactate removal from aqueous solution using a biosorbent material based on residual microbial biomass and natural polymers in fixed-bed continuous column was investigated. Composite beads of Saccharomyces pastorianus residual biomass and calcium alginate were obtained by immobilization technique. The prepared biosorbent was characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and analysis of point of zero charge value. Then, laboratory-scale experiments by fixed-bed column biosorption were conducted in continuous system. To this purpose, the column bed high (5 cm; 7.5 cm), initial pollutant concentration (20 mg/L; 40 mg/L), and solution flow through the column (0.6 mL/min; 1.5 mL/min) were considered the main parameters. Recorded breakthrough curves suggest that lower flow rates, greater bed heights, and a lower concentration of ethacridine lactate led to an increased biosorption of the target compound. The biosorption dynamic was investigated by nonlinear regression analysis using the Adams–Bohart, Yoon–Nelson, Clark, and Yan mathematical models. Conclusively, our research highlights, firstly, that the obtained biosorbent material has the required properties for retaining the ethacridine lactate from aqueous solution in continuous system. Secondly, it emphasizes that the modeling approach reveals an acceptable fitting with the experimental data for the Yoon–Nelson, Clark, and Yan models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lăcrămioara Rusu
- Faculty of Engineering, Vasile Alecsandri University of Bacau, 157 Calea Mărăşeşti, 600115 Bacau, Romania; (A.-I.S.); (E.-M.S.)
- Correspondence: (L.R.); (C.-G.G.); (M.H.)
| | - Cristina-Gabriela Grigoraș
- Faculty of Engineering, Vasile Alecsandri University of Bacau, 157 Calea Mărăşeşti, 600115 Bacau, Romania; (A.-I.S.); (E.-M.S.)
- Correspondence: (L.R.); (C.-G.G.); (M.H.)
| | - Andrei-Ionuț Simion
- Faculty of Engineering, Vasile Alecsandri University of Bacau, 157 Calea Mărăşeşti, 600115 Bacau, Romania; (A.-I.S.); (E.-M.S.)
| | - Elena-Mirela Suceveanu
- Faculty of Engineering, Vasile Alecsandri University of Bacau, 157 Calea Mărăşeşti, 600115 Bacau, Romania; (A.-I.S.); (E.-M.S.)
| | - Andreea V. Dediu Botezatu
- Faculty of Sciences and Environment, Department of Chemistry Physical and Environment, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 111 Domneasca Street, 800201 Galati, Romania;
| | - Maria Harja
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering an Environmental Protection Cristofor Simionescu, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University from Iasi, 71 A Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (L.R.); (C.-G.G.); (M.H.)
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14
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Ni Y, Yang J, Sun L, Liu Q, Fei Z, Chen X, Zhang Z, Tang J, Cui M, Qiao X. La/LaF 3 co-modified MIL-53(Cr) as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of tetracycline. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 426:128112. [PMID: 34965495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chromium based metal-organic framework (MIL-53(Cr)) has enormous potential in the removal of organic contaminants from aqueous solutions due to its outstanding water stability, whereas its poor adsorption capacity limits the application. In this study, La/LaF3-MIL-53(Cr) was successfully synthesized by taking the advantages of La doping and LaF3 encapsulation with one-step hydrothermal method. Diverse analysis tools were utilized to verify that La not only existed in the framework, but also was loaded in the pores in the form of LaF3. The adsorption experiment results demonstrated that 0.3-La/LaF3-MIL-53(Cr) exhibited significantly improved adsorption capacity by four times compared with the pristine MIL-53(Cr) material. XPS and FTIR revealed that the affinity of La to tetracycline was significantly stronger than that of Cr and the excellent dispersion of LaF3 in the material may also be the cause of the increase in adsorption capacity. This study described a simple method to combine two different forms of modification and the modified material was potential for tetracycline adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeyang Ni
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Junhao Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Liuxin Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China.
| | - Zhaoyang Fei
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Xian Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Zhuxiu Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Jihai Tang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Mifen Cui
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Xu Qiao
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing 211800, PR China.
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15
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Bajpai M, Katoch SS, Kadier A, Singh A. A review on electrocoagulation process for the removal of emerging contaminants: theory, fundamentals, and applications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:15252-15281. [PMID: 34978675 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18348-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) is an excellent and promising technology in wastewater treatment, as it combines the benefits of coagulation, flotation, and electrochemistry. During the last decade, extensive researches have focused on removal of emerging contaminants by using electrocoagualtion, due to its several advantages like compactness, cost-effectiveness, efficiency, low sludge production, and eco-friendness. Emerging contaminants (ECs) are micropollutants found in trace amounts that discharging into conventional wastewater treatment (WWT) plants entering surface waters and imposing a high threat to human and aquatic life. Various studies reveal that about 90% of emerging contaminants are disposed unscientifically into water bodies, creating problems to public health and environment. The studies on removal of emerging contaminants from wastewater are by global researchers are critically reviewed. The core findings proved that still more research required into optimization of parameters, system design, and economic feasibility to explore the potential of EC combined systems. This review has introduced an innovative collection of current knowledge on electro-coagulation for the removal of emerging contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Bajpai
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Civil Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, 177005, India.
| | - Surjit Singh Katoch
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Civil Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, 177005, India
| | - Abudukeremu Kadier
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Adarsh Singh
- Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
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Bajpai M, Katoch SS, Kadier A, Ma PC. Treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater containing cefazolin by electrocoagulation (EC): Optimization of various parameters using response surface methodology (RSM), kinetics and isotherms study. Chem Eng Res Des 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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17
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Lu J, Zhang P, Li J. Electrocoagulation technology for water purification: An update review on reactor design and some newly concerned pollutants removal. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 296:113259. [PMID: 34256295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water shortage and quality deterioration are plaguing people all over the world. Providing sustainable and affordable treatment solutions to these problems is a need of the hour. Electrocoagulation (EC) technology is a burgeoning alternative for effective water treatment, which offers the virtues such as compact equipment, easy operation, and low sludge production. Compared to other water purification technologies, EC shows excellent removal efficacy for a wide range of contaminants in water and has great potential for addressing limitations of conventional water purification technologies. This review summarizes the latest development of principle, characteristics, and reactor design of EC. The design of key parameters including reactor shape, power supply type, current density, as well as electrode configuration is further elaborated. In particular, typical water treatment systems powered by renewable energy (solar photovoltaic and wind turbine systems) are proposed. Further, this review provides an overview on expanded application of EC in the removal of some newly concerned pollutants in recent years, including arsenite, perfluorinated compounds, pharmaceuticals, oil, bacteria, and viruses. The removal efficiency and mechanisms of these pollutants are also discussed. Finally, future research trend and focus are further recommended. This review can bridge the large knowledge gap for the EC application that is beneficial for environmental researchers and engineers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Lu
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Economics and Management, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, China
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18
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Electrocoagulation Process: An Approach to Continuous Processes, Reactors Design, Pharmaceuticals Removal, and Hybrid Systems—A Review. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9101831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrocoagulation (EC) process has been widely studied in recent years to remove a wide range of contaminants present in different types of water: fluorides, arsenic, heavy metals, organic matter, colorants, oils, and recently, pharmaceutical compounds. However, most of the studies have been aimed at understanding the process factors that have the most significant effect on efficiency, and these studies have been mainly on a batch process. Therefore, this review is focused on elucidating the current state of development of this process and the challenges it involves transferring to continuous processes and the recent exploration of its potential use in the removal of pharmaceutical contaminants and its implementation with other technologies.
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19
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Pharmaceuticals Removal by Adsorption with Montmorillonite Nanoclay. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189670. [PMID: 34575834 PMCID: PMC8468575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The problem of purifying domestic and hospital wastewater from pharmaceutical compounds is becoming more and more urgent every year, because of the continuous accumulation of chemical pollutants in the environment and the limited availability of freshwater resources. Clay adsorbents have been repeatedly proposed as adsorbents for treatment purposes, but natural clays are hydrophilic and can be inefficient for catching hydrophobic pharmaceuticals. In this paper, a comparison of adsorption properties of pristine montmorillonite (MMT) and montmorillonite modified with stearyl trimethyl ammonium (hydrophobic MMT-STA) towards carbamazepine, ibuprofen, and paracetamol pharmaceuticals was performed. The efficiency of adsorption was investigated under varying solution pH, temperature, contact time, initial concentration of pharmaceuticals, and adsorbate/adsorbent mass ratio. MMT-STA was better than pristine MMT at removing all the pharmaceuticals studied. The adsorption capacity of hydrophobic montmorillonite to pharmaceuticals decreased in the following order: carbamazepine (97%) > ibuprofen (95%) > paracetamol (63-67%). Adsorption isotherms were best described by Freundlich model. Within the pharmaceutical concentration range of 10-50 µg/mL, the most optimal mass ratio of adsorbates to adsorbents was 1:300, pH 6, and a temperature of 25 °C. Thus, MMT-STA could be used as an efficient adsorbent for deconta×ating water of carbamazepine, ibuprofen, and paracetamol.
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20
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Shen Q, Xu MH, Wu T, Pan GX, Tang PS. Adsorption behavior of tetracycline on carboxymethyl starch grafted magnetic bentonite. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01839-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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21
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Use of Electrocoagulation for Treatment of Pharmaceutical Compounds in Water/Wastewater: A Review Exploring Opportunities and Challenges. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13152105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Increasing dependency on pharmaceutical compounds including antibiotics, analgesics, antidepressants, and other drugs has threatened the environment as well as human health. Their occurrence, transformation, and fate in the environment are causing significant concerns. Several existing treatment technologies are there with their pros and cons for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater (PWW). Still, electrocoagulation is considered as the modern and decisive technology for treatment. In the EC process, utilizing electricity (AC/DC) and electrodes, contaminants become coagulated with the metal hydroxide and are separated by co-precipitation. The main mechanism is charge neutralization and adsorption of contaminants on the generated flocs. The range of parameters affects the EC process and is directly related to the removal efficiency and its overall operational cost. This process only could be scaled up on the industrial level if process parameters become optimized and energy consumption is reduced. Unfortunately, the removal mechanism of particular pharmaceuticals and complex physiochemical phenomena involved in this process are not fully understood. For this reason, further research and reviews are required to fill the knowledge gap. This review discusses the use of EC for removing pharmaceuticals and focuses on removal mechanism and process parameters, the cost assessment, and the challenges involved in mitigation.
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22
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Removal of Pharmaceuticals from Water by Adsorption and Advanced Oxidation Processes: State of the Art and Trends. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11146659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical products have become a necessary part of life. Several studies have demonstrated that indirect exposure of humans to pharmaceuticals through the water could cause negative effects. Raw sewage and wastewater effluents are the major sources of pharmaceuticals found in surface waters and drinking water. Therefore, it is important to consider and characterize the efficiency of pharmaceutical removal during wastewater and drinking-water treatment processes. Various treatment options have been investigated for the removal/reduction of drugs (e.g., antibiotics, NSAIDs, analgesics) using conventional or biological treatments, such as activated sludge processes or bio-filtration, respectively. The efficiency of these processes ranges from 20–90%. Comparatively, advanced wastewater treatment processes, such as reverse osmosis, ozonation and advanced oxidation technologies, can achieve higher removal rates for drugs. Pharmaceuticals and their metabolites undergo natural attenuation by adsorption and solar oxidation. Therefore, pharmaceuticals in water sources even at trace concentrations would have undergone removal through biological processes and, if applicable, combined adsorption and photocatalytic degradation wastewater treatment processes. This review provides an overview of the conventional and advanced technologies for the removal of pharmaceutical compounds from water sources. It also sheds light on the key points behind adsorption and photocatalysis.
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23
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Scaria J, Anupama KV, Nidheesh PV. Tetracyclines in the environment: An overview on the occurrence, fate, toxicity, detection, removal methods, and sludge management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 771:145291. [PMID: 33545482 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tetracyclines (TCs) are a group of broad-spectrum antibiotics having vast human, veterinary, and aquaculture applications. The continuous release of TCs residues into the environment and the inadequate removal through the conventional treatment systems result in its prevalent occurrence in soil, surface water, groundwater, and even in drinking water. As aqueous TCs contamination is the tip of the iceberg, and TCs possess good sorption capacity towards soil, sediments, sludge, and manure, it is insufficient to rely on the sorptive removal in the conventional water treatment plants. The severity of the TCs contamination is evident from the emergence of TCs resistance in a wide variety of microorganisms. This paper reviews the recent research on the TCs occurrence in the environmental matrices, fate in natural systems, toxic effects, and the removal methods. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) determination of TCs in environmental samples and the associated technology developments are analyzed. The benefits and limitations of biochemical and physicochemical removal processes are also discussed. This work draws attention to the inevitability of proper TC sludge management. This paper also gives insight into the limitations of TCs related research and the future scope of research in environmental contamination by TCs residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimy Scaria
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - K V Anupama
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - P V Nidheesh
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
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24
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Yang G, Li Y, Yang S, Liao J, Cai X, Gao Q, Fang Y, Peng F, Zhang S. Surface oxidized nano-cobalt wrapped by nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes for efficient purification of organic wastewater. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Zaher A, Taha M, Mahmoud RK. Possible adsorption mechanisms of the removal of tetracycline from water by La-doped Zn-Fe-layered double hydroxide. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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Saadi Z, Fazaeli R, Vafajoo L, Naser I. Adsorptive removal of apramycin antibiotic from aqueous solutions using Tween 80-and Triton X-100 modified clinoptilolite: experimental and fixed-bed modeling investigations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2020; 30:558-583. [PMID: 31064216 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2019.1612039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the performance of natural clinoptilolite (NC) modified with two surfactants of Triton X-100 (NC-Triton) and Tween 80 (NC-Tween) on apramycin (APR) adsorption from wastewater in batch and continues systems. The optimum pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and temperature were achieved. The findings revealed that the sorption was best described using the Langmuir isotherm compared to other isotherms. The maximum adsorption capacity of NC-Triton was greater than NC and NC-Tween. The lumped method was applied to solve the fixed-bed equations; predict breakthrough curve; determine axial dispersion coefficient and overall mass transfer coefficient parameters; and compare theoretical results with experimental results. Good fitness of experimental data with kinetic models of intra-particle diffusion, pseudo-first-order/liquid film diffusion and pseudo-second-order for NC, NC-Tween and NC-Triton, respectively, indicated that they were more suitable than the other models. Endothermic and spontaneous processes were resulted from positive enthalpy and negative Gibbs free energy changes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Saadi
- Department of Chemical engineering, Faculty of engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Fazaeli
- Department of Chemical engineering, Faculty of engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Vafajoo
- Department of Chemical engineering, Faculty of engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Naser
- Department of Chemical engineering, Faculty of engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran, Iran
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27
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Moreira VR, Lebron YAR, da Silva MM, de Souza Santos LV, Jacob RS, de Vasconcelos CKB, Viana MM. Graphene oxide in the remediation of norfloxacin from aqueous matrix: simultaneous adsorption and degradation process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:34513-34528. [PMID: 32557024 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09656-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the simultaneous adsorption degradation of norfloxacin (NOR) by graphene oxide from aqueous matrix was verified. Graphene oxide (GO, ~ 8 layers) was prepared using modified Hummers method through the oxidation/exfoliation of expanded graphite. Spectroscopic techniques confirmed the NOR adsorption onto GO surface and the partial antibiotic degradation promoted by hydroxyl radicals derived from GO. Furthermore, the mass spectra after the adsorption-degradation processes showed NOR degradation intermediates that was compared and confirmed by other studies. The nanomaterial showed a removal capacity of 374.9 ± 29.8 mg g-1, observing greater contribution from the NOR in the zwitterionic form and removals up to 94.8%. The intraparticle diffusion process, assessed by Boyd's model and Fick's law, presented a greater contribution in the removal process, reaching the equilibrium 30 min after the beginning. In addition, the temperature increase would disadvantage the process, which was considered thermodynamically viable throughout the evaluated temperature range. Finally, the process was scaled-up in a single stage batch adsorber considering a NOR removal efficiency of 95%. This resulted in mass requirement of 63.6 g of GO in order to treat 0.5 m3 of contaminated water. In general, the simultaneous adsorption-degradation process was considered innovative and promising in pharmaceutical compounds remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Rezende Moreira
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 1294, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30270-901, Brazil
| | - Yuri Abner Rocha Lebron
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 1294, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30270-901, Brazil
| | - Marielle Mara da Silva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 1686, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30535-901, Brazil
| | - Lucilaine Valéria de Souza Santos
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 1294, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30270-901, Brazil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 1686, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30535-901, Brazil
| | - Raquel Sampaio Jacob
- Department of Civil Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 1686, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30535-901, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Karina Barbosa de Vasconcelos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 1686, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30535-901, Brazil
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 1686, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30535-901, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Machado Viana
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 1294, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30270-901, Brazil.
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28
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Zaied BK, Rashid M, Nasrullah M, Zularisam AW, Pant D, Singh L. A comprehensive review on contaminants removal from pharmaceutical wastewater by electrocoagulation process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 726:138095. [PMID: 32481207 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The pharmaceuticals are emergent contaminants, which can create potential threats for human health and the environment. All the pharmaceutical contaminants are becoming enormous in the environment as conventional wastewater treatment cannot be effectively implemented due to toxic and intractable action of pharmaceuticals. For this reason, the existence of pharmaceutical contaminants has brought great awareness, causing significant concern on their transformation, occurrence, risk, and fate in the environments. Electrocoagulation (EC) treatment process is effectively applied for the removal of contaminants, radionuclides, pesticides, and also harmful microorganisms. During the EC process, an electric current is employed directly, and both electrodes are dissoluted partially in the reactor under the special conditions. This electrode dissolution produces the increased concentration of cation, which is finally precipitated as hydroxides and oxides. Different anode materials usage like aluminum, stainless steel, iron, etc. are found more effective in EC operation for efficient removal of pharmaceutical contaminants. Due to the simple procedure and less costly material, EC method is extensively recognized for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment over further conventional treatment methods. The EC process has more usefulness to destabilize the pharmaceutical contaminants with the neutralization of charge and after that coagulating those contaminants to produce flocs. Thus, the review places particular emphasis on the application of EC process to remove pharmaceutical contaminants. First, the operational parameters influencing EC efficiency with the electroanalysis techniques are described. Second, in this review emerging challenges, current developments and techno-economic concerns of EC are highlighted. Finally, future recommendations and prospective on EC are envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Zaied
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mamunur Rashid
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nasrullah
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia; Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Gambang, 26300, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - A W Zularisam
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Deepak Pant
- Separation and Conversion Technology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium
| | - Lakhveer Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh - 522502, India.
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Choi AES, Futalan CCM, Yee JJ. Fuzzy optimization for the removal of uranium from mine water using batch electrocoagulation: A case study. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2019.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Khadir A, Negarestani M, Motamedi M. Optimization of an electrocoagulation unit for purification of ibuprofen from drinking water: Effect of conditions and linear/non-linear isotherm study. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2020.1770795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khadir
- Young Researcher and Elite Club, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Negarestani
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Motamedi
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Synthesis and characterization of CuFe2O4/NiMgAl-LDH composite for the efficient removal of oxytetracycline antibiotic. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Eniola JO, Kumar R, Barakat MA. Adsorptive removal of antibiotics from water over natural and modified adsorbents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:34775-34788. [PMID: 31713137 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06641-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Various adsorbents including agricultural waste-based adsorbents, nanomaterials and layered double hydroxides have been reviewed for removal of antibiotics from water due to their unique properties. The adsorption mechanism is governed mostly by the affinity of a pollutant to adsorbent materials. However, the main adsorption mechanisms defined in this study for removal of antibiotics are the electrostatic attraction, π-π interaction and hydrogen bonding. The study highlighted the contribution of modification in the adsorption capacity of antibiotics. Some of the most important adsorbents discussed in this review are graphene-based adsorbents, binary layered double hydroxides and magnetic nanoparticles as well as the antibiotics sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline and metronidazole. The key factors for the selection of the suitable materials are the structure, characteristics and other physicochemical parameters such as pH and temperature. However, the most crucial factor is the adsorption capacity. Some of the adsorption kinetics models and isotherms for antibiotic sorption are also highlighted in this study. In addition, the review summarizes the future prospects and recent challenges faced with the adsorption techniques for removal of antibiotics from wastewater. This review will help readers understand the current trend in the adsorptive removal of antibiotics from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamiu O Eniola
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Barakat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- Central Metallurgical R&D Institute, Helwan, 11421, Egypt.
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Removal of selected pharmaceuticals from aqueous matrices with activated carbon under flow conditions. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Vardhan KH, Kumar PS, Panda RC. A review on heavy metal pollution, toxicity and remedial measures: Current trends and future perspectives. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 500] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Shamaei L, Khorshidi B, Perdicakis B, Sadrzadeh M. Treatment of oil sands produced water using combined electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation techniques. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:560-572. [PMID: 30029132 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid electrocoagulation-chemical coagulation (EC-CC) process has attracted a growing attention for the removal of various types of wastewaters contaminants. In this paper, the feasibility of EC-CC technique as an alternative to conventional chemical processes for the treatment of steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) produced water has been systematically studied. Eight parameters, namely electrode material, cell configuration, pH and temperature of the solution, chemical coagulant dosage, intensity of the electrical current, mixing rate, and treatment time were studied. To explore the synergistic effect of the design parameters, the experimental trials were arranged using Taguchi method. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to evaluate the effect of each design parameter on the organic matter removal from the SAGD produced water. It was found that all parameters except the electrode arrangement had a significant effect on the removal efficiency of the EC-CC process. Among these parameters, the chemical coagulant and the treatment time had the most significant contribution to the efficiency by 40% and 26%, respectively. The optimum condition for the highest TOC removal efficiency (39.8%) was obtained by applying 0.34 A to Al electrode in a bipolar (BP) configuration when the pH, temperature, coagulant concentration, mixing rate, and reaction time were set to 8, 60 °C, 200 mg/L, 700 rpm, and 90 min, respectively. Moreover, a second-order polynomial regression model was proposed to predict the removal efficiency in terms of design parameters. An excellent agreement between the model predictions and experimental data was obtained with the adjusted R2 of about 99%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Shamaei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, 10-367 Donadeo Innovation Center for Engineering, Advanced Water Research Lab (AWRL), University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 1H9, AB, Canada.
| | - Behnam Khorshidi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, 10-367 Donadeo Innovation Center for Engineering, Advanced Water Research Lab (AWRL), University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 1H9, AB, Canada.
| | - Basil Perdicakis
- Suncor Energy Inc., P.O. Box 2844, 150-6th Ave. SW, Calgary T2P 3E3, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Mohtada Sadrzadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, 10-367 Donadeo Innovation Center for Engineering, Advanced Water Research Lab (AWRL), University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 1H9, AB, Canada.
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36
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Nariyan E, Wolkersdorfer C, Sillanpää M. Sulfate removal from acid mine water from the deepest active European mine by precipitation and various electrocoagulation configurations. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 227:162-171. [PMID: 30176436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.08.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate removal from mine or process water is a key issue in the mining industry. In this paper, precipitation with lime (calcium oxide) was integrated with electrocoagulation for sulfate removal from Pyhäsalmi/Finland mine water. Sulfate precipitation with calcium oxide decreased the sulfate concentration from 13,000 mg/L to 1600 mg/L. Various current densities were applied to the pre-treated mine water with various electrodes and aluminium and iron anodes. It was found that 25 mA/cm2 was the best tested current density for both anode types. At the second stage, this current density was used for different iron and aluminium anodes in various monopolar and bipolar configurations. It was found that this hybridisation is effective for sulfate removal, and that a bipolar configuration showed better results than the monopolar configuration. The best result was gained from 25 mA/cm2 with a two aluminium and two stainless steel anode-cathode configuration and calcium oxide pre-treatment to reach pH 12. The removal efficiency reached 84.4% and 63.8% with aluminium anodes in bipolar and monopolar configurations, respectively. This setup was able to decrease sulfate concentrations from 13,000 mg/L to 250 mg/L, which meets mine water discharge limits. Kinetic studies showed that iron and aluminium anodes obey pseudo-second order kinetic. Finally, the energy consumption was calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Nariyan
- Department of Green Chemistry, School of Engineering Science, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, 50130, Mikkeli, Finland.
| | - Christian Wolkersdorfer
- Department of Green Chemistry, School of Engineering Science, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, 50130, Mikkeli, Finland; SARChI Chair for Acid Mine Drainage Treatment, Tshwane University of Technology, Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Department of Green Chemistry, School of Engineering Science, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, 50130, Mikkeli, Finland; Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida International University, 10555 W. Flagler Street, EC 3680, Miami, FL 33174, United States
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Experimental and modelling study on strontium removal from aqueous solutions by Lagenaria vulgaris biosorbent. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ahmed MJ, Hameed BH. Removal of emerging pharmaceutical contaminants by adsorption in a fixed-bed column: A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 149:257-266. [PMID: 29248838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical pollutants substantially affect the environment; thus, their treatments have been the focus of many studies. In this article, the fixed-bed adsorption of pharmaceuticals on various adsorbents was reviewed. The experimental breakthrough curves of these pollutants under various flow rates, inlet concentrations, and bed heights were examined. Fixed-bed data in terms of saturation uptakes, breakthrough time, and the length of the mass transfer zone were included. The three most popular breakthrough models, namely, Adams-Bohart, Thomas, and Yoon-Nelson, were also reviewed for the correlation of breakthrough curve data along with the evaluation of model parameters. Compared with the Adams-Bohart model, the Thomas and Yoon-Nelson more effectively predicted the breakthrough data for the studied pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Ahmed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering College, University of Baghdad, P.O. Box 47024, Aljadria, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - B H Hameed
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
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