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Shehab NG, Omolaoye TS, Du Plessis SS, Rawat SS, Naidoo N, Abushawish KY, Ahmed A, Alaa B, Ihsan H, Abdelhalim M, Ayman M, El Nebrisi E. Phytochemical Evaluation of Lepidium meyenii, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Spirulina platensis, and Tribulus arabica, and Their Potential Effect on Monosodium Glutamate Induced Male Reproductive Dysfunction in Adult Wistar Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:939. [PMID: 39199185 PMCID: PMC11351587 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Monosodium glutamate (MSG), a sodium salt derived from glutamic acid, is widely used in commercial food products to improve taste, quality, and preservation. However, its consumption may have detrimental effects on male reproductive function. Nevertheless, plant extracts, such as Lepidium meyenii (Maca), Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek), Spirulina platensis (Spirulina), and Tribulus arabica (Tribulus), may ameliorate these adverse effects. To this effect, the phytochemical properties of Lepidium meyenii, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Spirulina platensis, and Tribulus arabica were assessed, and their potential impact on MSG-induced impairment of reproductive parameters was examined. The phytochemical composition (steroids, terpenes, phenols, flavonoids) of the plants was profiled through spectrophotometry and the antioxidant activity was assessed using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were divided into six groups at random: a control group receiving distilled water, and five experimental groups (MSG, Maca, Fenugreek, Spirulina, and Tribulus) receiving 900 mg/kg/day of MSG dissolved in water for 45 days. Subsequently, the animals in the experimental groups were administered 500 mg/kg/day of the respective plant extract via oral gavage for an additional 35 days, while the MSG group continued to receive water only. Following the treatment period, the animals were sacrificed, and their reproductive tract organs were collected, weighed, and subjected to further analysis. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of diverse bioactive elements in the plant extracts, including phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Exposure to MSG negatively impacted total and progressive sperm motility, which was ameliorated by Lepidium meyenii treatment. Sperm morphology showed no significant differences among groups. Treatment of the phytochemical agents diminished histomorphometric alternations of the testicular length, germinal epithelium height, and number of cells in seminiferous tubules, which were caused by the initial administration of MSG. Testosterone and LH levels were reduced in the MSG group but improved in extract-treated groups. The study suggests Lepidium meyenii as a potential remedy for reproductive dysfunction. However, further investigation into its mechanisms and human safety and efficacy is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa Gamil Shehab
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Dubai Pharmacy College for Girls, Dubai 19099, United Arab Emirates;
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza 11562, Egypt
| | - Temidayo S. Omolaoye
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Health, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates; (T.S.O.); (S.S.D.P.); (S.S.R.); (N.N.)
| | - Stefan S. Du Plessis
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Health, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates; (T.S.O.); (S.S.D.P.); (S.S.R.); (N.N.)
| | - Surendra Singh Rawat
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Health, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates; (T.S.O.); (S.S.D.P.); (S.S.R.); (N.N.)
| | - Nerissa Naidoo
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Health, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates; (T.S.O.); (S.S.D.P.); (S.S.R.); (N.N.)
| | - Kholoud Y. Abushawish
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Dubai Pharmacy College for Girls, Dubai 19099, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Ayat Ahmed
- Dubai Pharmacy College for Girls, Dubai 19099, United Arab Emirates; (A.A.); (B.A.); (H.I.); (M.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Baraa Alaa
- Dubai Pharmacy College for Girls, Dubai 19099, United Arab Emirates; (A.A.); (B.A.); (H.I.); (M.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Heba Ihsan
- Dubai Pharmacy College for Girls, Dubai 19099, United Arab Emirates; (A.A.); (B.A.); (H.I.); (M.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Manar Abdelhalim
- Dubai Pharmacy College for Girls, Dubai 19099, United Arab Emirates; (A.A.); (B.A.); (H.I.); (M.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Mariam Ayman
- Dubai Pharmacy College for Girls, Dubai 19099, United Arab Emirates; (A.A.); (B.A.); (H.I.); (M.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Eslam El Nebrisi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dubai Medical College for Girls, Dubai 20170, United Arab Emirates
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Bakhtiar Z, Hassandokht M, Naghavi MR, Rezadoost H, Mirjalili MH. Fatty acid and nutrient profiles, diosgenin and trigonelline contents, mineral composition, and antioxidant activity of the seed of some Iranian Trigonella L. species. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:669. [PMID: 39004716 PMCID: PMC11247732 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05341-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fenugreeks (Trigonella L. spp.), belonging to the legume family (Fabaceae), are well-known multipurpose crops that their materials are currently received much attention in the pharmaceutical and food industries for the production of healthy and functional foods all over the world. Iran is one of the main diversity origins of this valuable plant. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids profile, proximate composition, content of diosgenin, trigonelline, phenolic acids, total carotenoids, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, and tannins, mucilage and bitterness value, and antioxidant activity of the seed of thirty populations belonging to the ten different Iranian Trigonella species. RESULTS We accordingly identified notable differences in the nutrient and bioactive compounds of each population. The highest content (mg/100 g DW) of ascorbic acid (18.67 ± 0.85‒22.48 ± 0.60) and α-tocopherol (31.61 ± 0.15‒38.78 ± 0.67) were found in the populations of T. filipes and T. coerulescens, respectively. Maximum content of catechin was found in the populations of T. teheranica (52.67 ± 0.05‒63.50 ± 0.72 mg/l). Linoleic acid (> 39.11% ± 0.61%) and linolenic acid (> 48.78 ± 0.39%) were the main polyunsaturated fatty acids, with the majority in the populations of T. stellata (54.81 ± 1.39‒63.46 ± 1.21%). The populations of T. stellata were also rich in trigonelline (4.95 ± 0.03‒7.66 ± 0.16 mg/g DW) and diosgenin (9.06 ± 0.06‒11.03 ± 0.17 mg/g DW). CONCLUSIONS The obtained data provides baseline information to expand the inventory of wild and cultivated Iranian Trigonella species for further exploitation of rich chemotypes in the new foods and specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziba Bakhtiar
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Hassandokht
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Naghavi
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hassan Rezadoost
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute of Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili
- Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran.
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Arooj M, Ahmed Z, Khalid N, Suleria HAR. Formulation and assessment of chickpea pulao using fenugreek seeds and Indian rennet to improve blood glycemic levels. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:4408-4420. [PMID: 38873453 PMCID: PMC11167152 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is becoming a significant health concern in Asia, where the prevalence has reached alarming levels. An important contributing factor is the consumption of high-carbohydrate foods, including rice, bread, etc. These high-carbohydrate foods pose a major risk to public health due to their impact on postprandial hyperglycemia. This research aimed to formulate a chickpea pulao (cooked Indian-Pakistani rice dish) and to evaluate its effects on postprandial blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetic individuals. Antioxidant potential and total phenolic contents of herbs at different concentrations (1, 3, 5, 7, and 9%) were measured through DPPH and Folin Ciocalteu assays. The antidiabetic potential was tested by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assays. After sensory evaluation, the best-chosen concentration was used to formulate the chickpea pulao. The study trial was advertised under "DP trial," and 12 participants were recruited. A single-blind randomized cross-over trial was conducted for 3 weeks with a one-week wash-over time in between. Participants' preprandial and postprandial blood glucose levels were recorded for control and intervention recipes. Results indicated that both fenugreek seeds (FS) and Indian rennet (IR) showed good antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity (p = .000) in raw and boiled extracts. For DPPH, the IC50 values of unboiled and boiled combined (FS + IR) extracts were calculated as 7.4% and 8.02%, respectively. Similarly, for α-amylase, the IC50 values of combined IR and FS unboiled and boiled extracts were 6.58% and 6.83%, and for α-glucosidase inhibition assay, the values were measured as 14.98% and 16.24%. The single-blind randomized cross-over trial showed that consuming the intervention recipe significantly reduced postprandial hyperglycemia (p = .000) in type 2 diabetic participants. The intervention recipe decreased hyperglycemia by approximately 15% daily compared to the control recipe. Incorporation of hypoglycemic herbs into dietary patterns can work as an adjunct therapy for diabetes management, especially in populations with a high prevalence of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misha Arooj
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Food and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Management and TechnologyLahorePakistan
| | - Zaheer Ahmed
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Environmental Design, Research ComplexAllama Iqbal Open UniversityIslamabadPakistan
| | - Nauman Khalid
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Food and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Management and TechnologyLahorePakistan
- College of Health SciencesAbu Dhabi UniversityAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Hafiz A. R. Suleria
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Food and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Management and TechnologyLahorePakistan
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of SciencesThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
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Tak Y, Kaur M, Chitranashi A, Samota MK, Verma P, Bali M, Kumawat C. Fenugreek derived diosgenin as an emerging source for diabetic therapy. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1280100. [PMID: 38371502 PMCID: PMC10873921 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1280100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that endangers the entire body's tissues and organs. Diabetes impairs glucose and insulin regulation in the human body by causing pancreatic cell damage. Diabetes modifies pathways such as serine/threonine protein kinase (Akt) and Protein kinase C (PKC)/- glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) glucose absorption, and inhibits α-amylase and α-glucosidase, Sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT-1), and Na+-K+-ATPase activity. Diabetes may also be caused by a decrease in the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) and its target genes, fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACC), as well as a decrease in the levels of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), Caspase12, and Caspase3 proteins. Diabetes has long been linked to diseases of the cardiovascular, nervous, skeletal, reproductive, hepatic, ocular, and renal systems. Diosgenin, a steroidal compound derived from fenugreek, aids in the prevention of diabetes by altering cellular pathways in favor of healthy bodily functions. Diosgenin is a new nutraceutical on the market that claims to cure diabetes in particular. This article focuses on diosgenin extraction and purification, fenugreek bioactive compounds, pharmacological properties of diosgenin, mode of action of diosgenin to cure diabetes, and dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamini Tak
- Agricultural Research Station, Agriculture University, Kota, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Abhishek Chitranashi
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Mahesh Kumar Samota
- ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana, India
| | - Preeti Verma
- Agricultural Research Station, Agriculture University, Kota, India
| | - Manoj Bali
- School of Sciences, Rayat Bahra University, Mohali, India
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Zeng X, Chen Y, Li W, Liu S. Application of fenugreek in ruminant feed: implications for methane emissions and productivity. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16842. [PMID: 38313019 PMCID: PMC10838068 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Human demand for meat and dairy products will increase as a result of economic development and population growth, and the farming of ruminants, such as cattle and sheep, will also increase. Methane (CH4) emission from the enteric fermentation of ruminant livestock is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions and a significant contributor to global warming. Meanwhile, growth performance is often limited and animals are more vulnerable to diseases in high-density, intensive farming, greatly reducing livestock productivity, so developing ways to reduce CH4 emissions and improve ruminant productivity has become a research hotspot. Studies have reported that fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) as feed additives have the potential to reduce ruminant methane and improve the productivity. However, systematic reviews of such studies are lacking. Methodology In this review, databases of Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct were used for the literature search. The initial keywords search was fenugreek or Trigonella foenum-graecum L. For more focused search, we added terms such as methane, rumen fermentation, growth, milk production and antioxidants. All were done for ruminants. The literature that conforms to the theme of this article is selected, summarized, and finally completed this article. Results By regulating the rumen microbiome (suppressing protozoans, methanogenic bacteria, and fungi), fenugreek can lower CH4 emissions according to many in vitro anaerobic fermentation experiments. Fenugreek secondary metabolites (saponins and tannins) are responsible for this impact, but it is still unclear exactly how they work. Therefore, more long-term in vivo experiments are needed to verify its efficacy. Fenugreek is also rich in alkaloids, amino acids, flavonoids, saponins and phenolic acids. These compounds have been shown to have beneficial effects on ruminant growth, lactation, and total antioxidant capacity. Therefore, fenugreek has a great opportunity to develop into a new green feed additive. Conclusions This review provides a summary of the effect of fenugreek and its bioactive compounds on rumen fermentation, CH4 emissions and production performance by ruminants. In addition, based on the available data, the possible biochemical pathway of fenugreek to reduce CH4 emissions in ruminants was described. Overall, the livestock feed industry has the opportunity to develop natural, environmentally-friendly feed additives based on fenugreek.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbiao Zeng
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Chen
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shijun Liu
- Shanghai Mugao Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
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Paneru D, Tellez-Isaias G, Bottje WG, Asiamah E, Abdel-Wareth AAA, Salahuddin M, Lohakare J. Modulation of Immune Response and Cecal Microbiota by Dietary Fenugreek Seeds in Broilers. Vet Sci 2024; 11:57. [PMID: 38393075 PMCID: PMC10891824 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11020057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fenugreek seeds (FSs) are a natural source of bioactive compounds that may modulate the immune system and gut microbiota in broilers. This study examined the effects of dietary fenugreek seed powder on immune-related gene expression and cecal microbiota composition in broilers. A total of 144 broiler chickens were randomly allocated to three dietary groups, CON (0 g/kg FS, FS5 (5 g/kg FS) and FS10 (10 g/kg FS), each with 6 replicates of 8 birds. Ileum tissues and cecal contents were collected on day 42 for the mRNA expression of inflammation and antimicrobial defense-related genes and cecal microbiome diversity, respectively. The results indicated that fenugreek seeds downregulated mRNA-level inflammation and antimicrobial defense-related genes: IL6, IL8L2, CASP6, PTGS2, IRF7, AvBD9, AvBD10, and AvBD11. Moreover, fenugreek seeds altered the cecal microbial community by increasing the population of Firmicutes and decreasing the population of Actinobacteriota, Gemmatimonadota and Verrucomicrobiota at the phylum level and increasing Alistipes, Bacteriodes and Prevotellaceae at the genera level. These findings suggest that fenugreek seeds have a positive impact on the immunological profile and microbiome of broiler chickens, possibly through the interplay of the immune system and the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deependra Paneru
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Guillermo Tellez-Isaias
- Center of Excellence in Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (G.T.-I.); (W.G.B.)
| | - Walter G. Bottje
- Center of Excellence in Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (G.T.-I.); (W.G.B.)
| | - Emmanuel Asiamah
- Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA;
| | - Ahmed A. A. Abdel-Wareth
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt;
- Poultry Center, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA;
| | - Md Salahuddin
- Poultry Center, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA;
| | - Jayant Lohakare
- Poultry Center, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA;
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Kumar S, Verma M, Hajam YA, Kumar R. Honey infused with herbs: A boon to cure pathological diseases. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23302. [PMID: 38163184 PMCID: PMC10755321 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Healing with herbs has been a common practice for ages. Nowadays, various infectious diseases like malaria, flu, hepatitis B; COVID-19, etc. are commonly spreading around the world as a consequence of environmental pollution and related consequences. These diseases are not well controlled by the present drug treatment. Antibiotics are failing because of bacterial resistance. Although people believe that herbal medicines are more effective and safer. Therefore, traditional herbal remedies have been recommended for treatment purposes throughout the world. They are often used in combination, fused with honey, or alone for curing different types of ailments. Today, modern formulations of these medicines exist in the form of capsules, tablets, powders, and granules. In several traditional systems, 'Honey' is recommended as a natural medicine that improves several health conditions. In 'Ayurveda', honey is considered a most precious and miraculous product of nature and is used to treat various diseases either alone or after its infusion with herbs. It is a natural, antioxidant-rich, and highly nutritious food that is widely used as a natural sweetener without any side effects. It has antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. It also proves fruitful in managing/curing various disorders like colds, coughs, cancer, diabetes, wound healing, and cardiovascular disorders. Honey infused with herbs is also used to repair wounds, diabetes, lymphedema, and the prevention of chronic venomous diseases as a part of the folk medicinal system. The current article aims to analyse the medicinal efficiency of honey infused with herbs for curing/managing/treating various types of ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, H.P., 171005, India
| | - Mamta Verma
- Department of Biosciences, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, H.P., 171005, India
| | - Younis Ahmad Hajam
- Department of Life Sciences and Allied Health Sciences, Sant Baba Bhag Singh University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, H.P., 171005, India
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Paneru D, Tellez-Isaias G, Arreguin-Nava MA, Romano N, Bottje WG, Asiamah E, Abdel-Wareth AAA, Lohakare J. Effect of fenugreek seeds and Bacillus-based direct-fed microbials on the growth performance, blood biochemicals, and intestinal histomorphology of broiler chickens. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1298587. [PMID: 38089709 PMCID: PMC10713732 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1298587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential synergistic impact of the combination of fenugreek seeds (FS) and Bacillus-based direct-fed microbials (DFM) on growth performance, intestinal health, and hematological parameters of broiler chickens. METHODS A total of 160 one-day-old (Ross 308) broiler chicks were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with two levels of FS (0 and 5 g/kg) and two levels of Bacillus-DFM (0 and 0.1 g/kg), with five replicates of 8 birds each. RESULTS The result showed that dietary supplementation of FS at 5 g/kg did not improve the growth performance of broilers but impaired the early growth performance by reducing body weight gain and increasing feed conversion ratio, which was recovered during finisher phase. Dietary supplementation of Bacillus-based DFM at 0.1 g/kg did not affect the performance variables but increased the feed conversion ratio. The interaction of fenugreek seeds and Bacillus-based DFM showed synergistic effects on growth performance during the later stages of production. However, antagonistic effects were observed on the blood parameters and the gut morphology. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that FS and DFM had different effects on the broiler health and production depending on the phase of production. The interaction between FS and DFM revealed synergistic effects on growth performance during the finisher phase, but antagonistic effects on blood parameters and gut morphology. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize the dosage and combination of FS and DFM for broiler health and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deependra Paneru
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | | | | | - Nicholas Romano
- Virginia Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA, United States
| | - Walter G. Bottje
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Emmanuel Asiamah
- Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR, United States
| | - Ahmed A. A. Abdel-Wareth
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
- Poultry Center, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, United States
| | - Jayant Lohakare
- Poultry Center, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, United States
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Khenifi ML, Serseg T, Migas P, Krauze-Baranowska M, Özdemir S, Bensouici C, Alghonaim MI, Al-Khafaji K, Alsalamah SA, Boudjeniba M, Yousfi M, Boufahja F, Bendif H, Mahdid M. HPLC-DAD-MS Characterization, Antioxidant Activity, α-amylase Inhibition, Molecular Docking, and ADMET of Flavonoids from Fenugreek Seeds. Molecules 2023; 28:7798. [PMID: 38067527 PMCID: PMC10708475 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) has a great beneficial health effect; it has been used in traditional medicine by many cultures. Likewise, the α-amylase inhibitors are potential compounds in the development of drugs for the treatment of diabetes. The beneficial health effects of fenugreek lead us to explore the chemical composition of the seeds and their antioxidant and α-amylase inhibition activities. The flavonoid extraction from fenugreek seeds was achieved with methanol through a Soxhlet apparatus. Then, the flavonoid glycosides were characterized using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS analysis. The antioxidant capacity of fenugreek seed was measured using DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, and CUPRAC assays. Finally, the α-amylase inhibition activity was carried out using in vitro and in silico methods. The methanolic extract was found to contain high amounts of total phenolics (154.68 ± 1.50 μg GAE/mg E), flavonoids (37.69 ± 0.73 μg QE/mg E). The highest radical-scavenging ability was recorded for the methanolic extract against DPPH (IC50 = 556.6 ± 9.87 μg/mL), ABTS (IC50 = 593.62 ± 9.35 μg/mL). The ME had the best reducing power according to the CUPRAC (A 0.5 = 451.90 ± 9.07 μg/mL). The results indicate that the methanolic extracts of fenugreek seed best α-amylase inhibition activities IC50 = 653.52 ± 3.24 μg/mL. Twenty-seven flavonoids were detected, and all studied flavonoids selected have good affinity and stabilize very well in the pocket of α-amylase. The interactions between the studied flavonoids with α-amylase were investigated. The flavonoids from fenugreek seed present a good inhibitory effect against α-amylase, which is beneficial for the prevention of diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Lamine Khenifi
- Laboratoire d’Ethnobotanique et Substances Naturelles, Departement of Biology, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba, B.P 92, Kouba 16308, Algeria; (M.L.K.); (M.B.); (H.B.); (M.M.)
- Laboratoire des Sciences Appliquées et Didactiques, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Laghouat, B.P 4033 la gare routière, Laghouat 03000, Algeria;
| | - Talia Serseg
- Laboratoire des Sciences Appliquées et Didactiques, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Laghouat, B.P 4033 la gare routière, Laghouat 03000, Algeria;
- Fundamental Sciences Laboratory, Amar Telidji University, Laghouat 03000, Algeria;
| | - Piotr Migas
- Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.M.); (M.K.-B.)
| | - Mirosława Krauze-Baranowska
- Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.M.); (M.K.-B.)
| | - Sadin Özdemir
- Food Processing Programme, Technical Science Vocational School Mersin University, Mersin TR-33343, Turkey;
| | - Chawki Bensouici
- Biotechnology Research Center (CRBT), Ali Mendjli New Town UV 03, B.P E73, Constantine 25016, Algeria;
| | - Mohammed I. Alghonaim
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.A.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Khattab Al-Khafaji
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Energy and Environmental Science, Al-Karkh University of Science, Baghdad 10081, Iraq;
| | - Sulaiman A. Alsalamah
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.A.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Messaoud Boudjeniba
- Laboratoire d’Ethnobotanique et Substances Naturelles, Departement of Biology, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba, B.P 92, Kouba 16308, Algeria; (M.L.K.); (M.B.); (H.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Mohamed Yousfi
- Fundamental Sciences Laboratory, Amar Telidji University, Laghouat 03000, Algeria;
| | - Fehmi Boufahja
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.A.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Hamdi Bendif
- Laboratoire d’Ethnobotanique et Substances Naturelles, Departement of Biology, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba, B.P 92, Kouba 16308, Algeria; (M.L.K.); (M.B.); (H.B.); (M.M.)
- Department of Natural and life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Msila, Msila 28000, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Mahdid
- Laboratoire d’Ethnobotanique et Substances Naturelles, Departement of Biology, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba, B.P 92, Kouba 16308, Algeria; (M.L.K.); (M.B.); (H.B.); (M.M.)
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10
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Hooshmand-Moghadam B, Johne M, Golestani F, Lorenz K, Asadi M, Maculewicz E, Mastalerz A. Effects of soy milk ingestion immediately after resistance training on muscular-related biomarkers in older men: a randomized controlled trial. Biol Sport 2023; 40:1207-1217. [PMID: 37867735 PMCID: PMC10588584 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2023.123894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of soy milk ingestion on changes in body composition, strength, power, and muscular-related biomarkers following 12 weeks of resistance training in older men. Thirty healthy older men (age = 65.63 ± 3.16 years; body mass = 62.63 ± 3.86 kg) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: soy milk + resistance training (SR) or placebo + resistance training (PR). Participants in the SR group received 240 ml of vanilla-flavoured non-dairy soy milk immediately after every training session and at the same time on non-training days. Differences in muscle mass, upper limb body strength (UBS), lower limb aerobic power (LAP), activin A, and GDF15 were significantly greater in the SR group vs. the PR group (P < 0.05). Both intervention groups experienced a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in body mass (PR = -3.9 kg; SR = -3.2 kg), body fat % (PR = -0.8%; SR = -1.2%), activin A (PR = -5.1 pg/ml; SR = -12.8 pg/ml), GDF15 (PR = -8.1 pg/ml; SR = -14.7 pg/ml), TGFβ1 (PR = -0.43 pg/ml; SR = -0.41 pg/ml), and increase in muscle mass (PR = 0.81 kg; SR = 2.5 kg), UBS (PR = 3.4 kg; SR = 6.7 kg), lower limb body strength (PR = 2.8 kg; SR = 5.2 kg), upper limb aerobic power (PR = 34.3 W; SR = 38.6 W), LAP (PR = 23.2 W; SR = 45.2 W), BDNF (PR = 8.3 ng/ml; SR = 12.7 ng/ml), and irisin (PR = 1.5 ng/ml; SR = 2.9 ng/ml) compared to baseline. The ingestion of soy milk during 12 weeks of resistance training augmented lean mass, strength, and power, and altered serum concentrations of skeletal muscle regulatory markers in older men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Johne
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Fateme Golestani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Katarzyna Lorenz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monireh Asadi
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ewelina Maculewicz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mastalerz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Abd El-Wahab MMH, Abdel-Lattif H, Emara KS, Mosalam M, Aljabri M, El-Soda M. Identifying SNP markers associated with distinctness, uniformity, and stability testing in Egyptian fenugreek genotypes. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291527. [PMID: 37729256 PMCID: PMC10511133 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Distinctness, uniformity, and stability (DUS) test is the legal requirement in crop breeding to grant the intellectual property right for new varieties by evaluating their morphological characteristics across environments. On the other hand, molecular markers accurately identify genetic variations and validate the purity of the cultivars. Therefore, genomic DUS can improve the efficiency of traditional DUS testing. In this study, 112 Egyptian fenugreek genotypes were grown in Egypt at two locations: Wadi El-Natrun (Wadi), El-Beheira Governorate, with salty and sandy soil, and Giza, Giza governorate, with loamy clay soil. Twelve traits were measured, of which four showed a high correlation above 0.94 over the two locations. We observed significant genotype-by-location interactions (GxL) for seed yield, as it was superior in Wadi, with few overlapping genotypes with Giza. We attribute this superiority in Wadi to the maternal habitat, as most genotypes grew in governorates with newly reclaimed salty and sandy soil. As a first step toward genomic DUS, we performed an association study, and out of 38,142 SNPs, we identified 39 SNPs demonstrating conditional neutrality and four showing pleiotropic effects. Forty additional SNPs overlapped between both locations, each showing a similar impact on the associated trait. Our findings highlight the importance of GxL in validating the effect of each SNP to make better decisions about its suitability in the marker-assisted breeding program and demonstrate its potential use in registering new plant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hashim Abdel-Lattif
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Kh. S. Emara
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mosalam
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Aljabri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Soda
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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12
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Abadi M, Fadaei V, Salehifar M. In Vitro Inhibition of α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase and Antioxidant Activity of Milk Containing Fenugreek Seed Alcoholic Extract. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 78:566-573. [PMID: 37574513 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-023-01090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fenugreek seed alcoholic extract (FSAE) at the levels of 0.15% and 0.30% (V/V) on the selected properties of enriched milk during the 10-day storage period at 4 °C. The results demonstrated that with the addition of FSAE, the pH, brightness intensity and white color coefficient decreased and the values of acidity, viscosity, a* and b* indexes, total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity (AA) and enzyme inhibitory activity of enriched milk samples increased significantly compared to the control (p < 0.05). During the storage period, a decrease in TPC, TFC, AA and inhibitory activity was observed in all samples (p < 0.05). The FSAE was able to significantly reduce total microbial count (TMC) in milk samples (p < 0.05). In terms of sensory characteristics, the best sensory scores during the storage period were related to the sample containing 0.15% (V/V) FSAE. Overall, a positive and direct relationship was found between the beneficial effects of FSAE and its concentration. Finally, according to the results of the overall acceptance score in sensory tests, the sample containing 0.15% (V/V) FSAE was introduced as the best sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Abadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vajiheh Fadaei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mania Salehifar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Sheikhi S, Ebrahimi A, Heidari P, Amerian MR, Rashidi-Monfared S, Alipour H. Exogenous 24-epibrassinolide ameliorates tolerance to high-temperature by adjusting the biosynthesis of pigments, enzymatic, non-enzymatic antioxidants, and diosgenin content in fenugreek. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6661. [PMID: 37095206 PMCID: PMC10125993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33913-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
High-temperature stress is widely considered a main plant-growth-limiting factor. The positive effects of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) as analogs of brassinosteroids (BRs) in modulating abiotic stresses have led this hormone to be referred to as a growth regulator in plants. The current study highlights the influence of EBR on enhancing tolerance to high-temperature and altering the diosgenin content in fenugreek. Different amounts of EBR (4, 8, and 16 μM), harvesting times (6, and 24 h), as well as temperature regimes (23 °C, and 42 °C) were, used as treatments. EBR application under normal temperature and high-temperature stress resulted in decreased malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage percentage, while the activity of antioxidant enzymes improved significantly. Exogenous EBR application possibly contributes to activating the nitric oxide, H2O2, and ABA-dependent pathways, enhancing the biosynthesis of abscisic acid and auxin, and regulating the signal transduction pathways, which raises fenugreek tolerance to high-temperature. The SQS (eightfold), SEP (2.8-fold), CAS (11-fold), SMT (17-fold), and SQS (sixfold) expression, considerably increased following EBR application (8 μM) compared to the control. Compared to the control, when the short-term (6 h) high-temperature stress was accompanied by EBR (8 μM), a sixfold increase in diosgenin content was achieved. Our findings highlight the potential role of exogenous 24-epibrassinolide in mitigating the high-temperature stress in fenugreek by stimulating the biosynthesis processes of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, chlorophylls, and diosgenin. In conclusion, the current results could be of utmost importance in breeding or biotechnology-based programs of fenugreek and also in the researches related to the engineering of the biosynthesis pathway of diosgenin in this valuable plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Sheikhi
- Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran
| | - Amin Ebrahimi
- Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Parviz Heidari
- Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Amerian
- Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran
| | - Sajad Rashidi-Monfared
- Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Alipour
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
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Lakshmi JN, Babu AN, Kiran SSM, Nori LP, Hassan N, Ashames A, Bhandare RR, Shaik AB. Herbs as a Source for the Treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Systematic Review. BIOTECH (BASEL (SWITZERLAND)) 2023; 12:biotech12010004. [PMID: 36648830 PMCID: PMC9844343 DOI: 10.3390/biotech12010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a neuroendocrine metabolic disorder characterized by an irregular menstrual cycle. Treatment for PCOS using synthetic drugs is effective. However, PCOS patients are attracted towards natural remedies due to the effective therapeutic outcomes with natural drugs and the limitations of allopathic medicines. In view of the significance of herbal remedies, herein, we discuss the role of different herbs in PCOS. METHODS By referring to the Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Crossref and Hinari databases, a thorough literature search was conducted and data mining was performed pertaining to the effectiveness of herbal remedies against PCOS. RESULTS In this review, we discuss the significance of herbal remedies in the treatment of PCOS, and the chemical composition, mechanism of action and therapeutic application of selected herbal drugs against PCOS. CONCLUSIONS The present review will be an excellent resource for researchers working on understanding the role of herbal medicine in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jada Naga Lakshmi
- Department of Pharmacology, Vignan Pharmacy College, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Vadlamudi 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Correspondence: (J.N.L.); (A.A.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Ankem Narendra Babu
- Department of Pharmacology, Sir C.R. Reddy College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Eluru 534007, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - S. S. Mani Kiran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Vignan Pharmacy College, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Vadlamudi 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Lakshmi Prasanthi Nori
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Andhra University, Bhimavaram 534202, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Nageeb Hassan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Science, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Akram Ashames
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Science, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (J.N.L.); (A.A.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Richie R. Bhandare
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Science, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Afzal B. Shaik
- St. Mary’s College of Pharmacy, St. Mary’s Group of Institutions Guntur, Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada, Chebrolu, Guntur 522212, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Correspondence: (J.N.L.); (A.A.); (A.B.S.)
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Profiling of Nutritionally Vital Bioactive Compounds in Emerging Green Leafy Vegetables: A Comparative Study. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233867. [PMID: 36496677 PMCID: PMC9736515 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Green leafy vegetables (GLVs), especially lettuce and spinach, are the key source of bioactive antioxidants in a diet. This research compared the contents and composition of lettuce and spinach bioactive compounds with emerging GLVs, moringa and fenugreek. Liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS) with single ion monitoring (SIM) was used to examine carotenoids and tocols, while phytosterols were examined using gas chromatography (GC)-MS. Among the studied GLVs, the (all-E)-lutein was the most dominating carotenoid ranging between 31.3 (green/red lettuce)−45.3 % (fenugreek) of total carotenoids, followed by (all-E)-violaxanthin and (all-E)-β-carotene. Surprisingly, (all-E)-β-carotene, a provitamin A carotenoid, was the second most dominating carotenoid in moringa, accounting for 109.2 µg/g fresh weight (FW). Moreover, the significantly highest (p < 0.05; Tukey HSD) contents of total carotenoids (473.3 µg/g FW), α-tocopherol (83.7 µg/g FW), and total phytosterols (206.4 µg/g FW) were recorded in moringa. Therefore, moringa foliage may serve as an affordable source of nutritionally vital constituents in a diet.
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16
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Chowdhury AR, Kundu SK. Anti-diabetic Potential of some Spices Commonly used in Diet with other
Pharmacological Activities: A Review. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083808666220417151852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background::
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder, the prevalence of which
is increasing alarmingly throughout the world and imposes a serious impact on the health of the
population as well as national economies. Effective management and primary prevention are essential
to decrease the burden of diabetes faced by all nations. Although different therapies are available
for diabetes, no known therapy can completely cure the disease, and many of them have a number
of side effects with other limitations like long-term treatment, expensiveness, and less availability.
Hence, the present review has given an emphasis on common dietary materials to find out a
readily available source of anti-diabetic agents.
Objective:
The purpose of this work is to explore the anti-diabetic properties of certain spices which
are most frequently used in Bangladesh and reported for their use in traditional treatment of diabetes
and/or investigated scientifically for anti-diabetic activity.
Methods:
Two electronic databases, namely Pub Med and Google Scholar, were used for conducting
a comprehensive search to collect information and data.
Results:
In this review, a total of 10 spices have been compiled with a brief description of their
origin, part used, chemical constituents, mechanism of action, methods of experiment, model animals,
and reported beneficial effects in diabetes with other pharmacological activities.
Conclusion:
The observed results of this study indicate the possibility of developing a therapeutic
strategy called alternative and complementary medicine for the management of diabetes. The results
also provide a starting point for researchers working with bioactive dietary plants with anti-diabetic
potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Rani Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences, Jagannath University, 9-10, Chittaranjan Avenue, Dhaka-
1100, Bangladesh
| | - Sukalyan Kumar Kundu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar,
Dhaka- 1342, Bangladesh
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17
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Genetic diversity of rhizobia isolated from nodules of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (fenugreek) cultivated in Northwestern Morocco. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:574. [PMID: 36006460 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03189-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The present work aimed to characterize rhizobia nodulating Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (fenugreek) cultivated in six different geographical locations in Northwestern Morocco. Forty-seven rhizobial isolates from nodules of Trigonella foenum-graecum were grouped into thirteen clusters using the Rep-PCR technique. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences of 13 groups showed that all representative strains were closely related to members of the genus Ensifer (syn. Sinorhizobium) of the Alphaproteobacteria. All the representative strains shared 100% similarity with Ensifer medicae WSM419T. NodC and nifH gene analysis revealed a close phylogenetic relationship of the representative strains with those of the strains belonging to the symbiovar meliloti. Furthermore, nodulation ability of our rhizobial strains was efficient in their host plant (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.).
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18
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Exploring the medicinally important secondary metabolites landscape through the lens of transcriptome data in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.). Sci Rep 2022; 12:13534. [PMID: 35941189 PMCID: PMC9359999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17779-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is a self-pollinated leguminous crop belonging to the Fabaceae family. It is a multipurpose crop used as herb, spice, vegetable and forage. It is a traditional medicinal plant in India attributed with several nutritional and medicinal properties including antidiabetic and anticancer. We have performed a combined transcriptome assembly from RNA sequencing data derived from leaf, stem and root tissues. Around 209,831 transcripts were deciphered from the assembly of 92% completeness and an N50 of 1382 bases. Whilst secondary metabolites of medicinal value, such as trigonelline, diosgenin, 4-hydroxyisoleucine and quercetin, are distributed in several tissues, we report transcripts that bear sequence signatures of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of such metabolites and are highly expressed in leaves, stem and roots. One of the antidiabetic alkaloid, trigonelline and its biosynthesising enzyme, is highly abundant in leaves. These findings are of value to nutritional and the pharmaceutical industry.
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Wei M, Li G, Xie H, Yang W, Xu H, Han S, Wang J, Meng Y, Xu Q, Li Y, Chen N, Zhang C. Sustainable production of 4-hydroxyisoleucine with minimised carbon loss by simultaneously utilising glucose and xylose in engineered Escherichia coli. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 354:127196. [PMID: 35460845 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
4-Hydroxyisoleucine is a promising drug for diabetes therapy; however, microbial production of 4-hydroxyisoleucine is not economically efficient because of the carbon loss in the form of CO2. This study aims to achieve de novo synthesis of 4-hydroxyisoleucine with minimised carbon loss in engineered Escherichia coli. Initially, an L-isoleucine-producing strain, ILE-5, was established, and the 4-hydroxyisoleucine synthesis pathway was introduced. The flux toward α-ketoglutarate was enhanced by reinforcing the anaplerotic pathway and disrupting competitive pathways. Subsequently, the metabolic flux for 4-hydroxyisoleucine synthesis was redistributed by dynamically modulating the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex activity, achieving a 4-hydroxyisoleucine production of 16.53 g/L. Finally, carbon loss was minimised by employing the Weimberg pathway, resulting in a 24.5% decrease in sugar consumption and a 31.6% yield increase. The 4-hydroxyisoleucine production by strain IEOH-11 reached 29.16 g/L in a 5-L fermenter. The 4-hydroxyisoleucine yield (0.29 mol/mol sugar) and productivity (0.91 g/(L⋅h)) were higher than those previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Wei
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Guirong Li
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Haixiao Xie
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Haoran Xu
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shibao Han
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Junzhe Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yan Meng
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qingyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Chenglin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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20
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Incorporation of Trigonella Foenum-Graecum seed powder in meat emulsion systems with olive oil: effects on physicochemical, texture, and color characteristics. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:2060-2070. [PMID: 35531411 PMCID: PMC9046502 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05220-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Six meat emulsion treatments were manufactured, depending on the addition of Trigonella seed powder. Meat emulsions were prepared with starch as control treatment, Trigonella seed powder (Tfg) or defatted Trigonella seed powder (Dtfg) in two percentages 2% and 4%. Cooking losses, lipid oxidation degree, meat emulsion stability through measurement of total released fluid, water released, fat released, TPA attributes and color parameters were evaluated. Cooking loss and fat, fluid releases were lower in Tfg and Dtfg samples related to Starch. Also, lipid oxidation was higher (P < 0,05) in Tfg samples than Dtfg or Starch. Hardness, chewiness and gumminess were lower (P < 0,05) in Tfg and Dtfg samples than Starch samples. The a* values in samples with starch were reduced rapidly (P < 0,05) than Tfg and Dtfg values during preservation. These results show that Trigonella Foenum-Graecum seed powder is an efficient candidate for improving quality of emulsion type meat products with vegetable oils as animal fat replacers.
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21
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Paneru D, Tellez-Isaias G, Romano N, Lohakare G, Bottje WG, Lohakare J. Effect of Graded Levels of Fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Seeds on the Growth Performance, Hematological Parameters, and Intestinal Histomorphology of Broiler Chickens. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9050207. [PMID: 35622735 PMCID: PMC9146639 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9050207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of fenugreek seeds (FS) as a potential alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broiler chickens. In the first experiment, one-day-old Ross (n = 160) straight-run broilers were fed FS at 0 g, 2.5 g, 5 g, and 10 g/kg of diet during the starter (from 1 to 21 days) and finisher phase (from 22 to 35 days) with four replicates of ten birds each. In the second experiment, one-day-old Ross (n = 144) male broilers were fed 0 g, 5 g, and 10 g FS per kilogram of diet during the starter (from 1 to 21 days) and finisher phase (from 22 to 42 days) with six replicates of eight birds each. In addition to growth performance, hematological parameters and intestinal histomorphology were measured in the second experiment. FS linearly reduced the body weight gain (BWG) (p < 0.001), feed intake (FI) (p < 0.05), and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p < 0.05) during the starter phase in both experiments. However, no significant effects on BWG, FI, and FCR were observed during the finisher phase. Moreover, the overall BWG and FI were linearly reduced (p < 0.05) with the increasing levels of FS, but BWG and FI were similar in the 5 g/kg FS group and control group. The inclusion of FS had a linear increase in white blood cell (WBC), heterophil, and lymphocyte count (p < 0.005) and the decrease in hematocrit % (p = 0.004) and total bilirubin (p = 0.001). The villus height and villus height: crypt depth ratio of jejunum and ileum were significantly lower in 5 g FS and 10 g FS treatments (p < 0.001) compared to the control. The result indicates that the dietary inclusion of FS reduces the early growth performance, increases the WBC counts, and negatively affects the intestinal morphology of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deependra Paneru
- Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA;
| | - Guillermo Tellez-Isaias
- Center of Excellence in Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (G.T.-I.); (W.G.B.)
| | - Nicholas Romano
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA;
| | - Gautami Lohakare
- Little Rock Central High School, 1500 S Park St, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA;
| | - Walter G. Bottje
- Center of Excellence in Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (G.T.-I.); (W.G.B.)
| | - Jayant Lohakare
- Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Przeor M. Some Common Medicinal Plants with Antidiabetic Activity, Known and Available in Europe (A Mini-Review). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15010065. [PMID: 35056122 PMCID: PMC8778315 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disease that affected 9.3% of adults worldwide in 2019. Its co-occurrence is suspected to increase mortality from COVID-19. The treatment of diabetes is mainly based on the long-term use of pharmacological agents, often expensive and causing unpleasant side effects. There is an alarming increase in the number of pharmaceuticals taken in Europe. The aim of this paper is to concisely collect information concerning the few antidiabetic or hypoglycaemic raw plant materials that are present in the consciousness of Europeans and relatively easily accessible to them on the market and sometimes even grown on European plantations. The following raw materials are discussed in this mini-review: Morus alba L., Cinnamomum zeylanicum J.Presl, Trigonella foenum-graecum L., Phaseolus vulgaris L., Zingiber officinale Rosc., and Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer in terms of scientifically tested antidiabetic activity and the presence of characteristic biologically active compounds and their specific properties, including antioxidant properties. The characteristics of these raw materials are based on in vitro as well as in vivo studies: on animals and in clinical studies. In addition, for each plant, the possibility to use certain morphological elements in the light of EFSA legislation is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Przeor
- Department of Gastronomy Science and Functional Foods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
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23
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Paramesha M, Priyanka N, Crassina K, Shetty NP. Evaluation of diosgenin content from eleven different Indian varieties of fenugreek and fenugreek leaf powder fortified bread. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2021; 58:4746-4754. [PMID: 34629539 PMCID: PMC8478989 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-04967-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study designed to establish the diosgenin profile from eleven different Indian varieties of fenugreek, and subsequently develop powder from the best stage and variety to prepare diosgenin fortified bread. The seeds, sprouts and leaves of different fenugreek varieties were analyzed for the diosgenin using HPLC. The content of phenolics and flavonoids also estimated and assessed for its antioxidant capacity using phosphomolybdate, DPPH and FRAP. Among eleven varieties screened for diosgenin and the other compounds, tender leaf of Kasuri methi (KS) variety showed the highest content of diosgenin (466.89 ± 0.32 mg/100 g FW), phenolics (58.54 ± 2.70 mg/100 g FW) and flavonoids (1104.16 ± 43.70 mg/100 g FW) followed by Pusa Early Bunching (PEB) (444.18 ± 0.36 mg/100 g FW) and Early Bunching (EB) (409.45 ± 0.42 mg/100 g FW). Among three stages, seeds found to be a better total antioxidant, DPPH scavenging, and reducing ability. Further, based on the results, bread fortified with 1.5% KS leaf powder is found to be optimal which also has significant diosgenin content (268.91 mg/100 g DW). And the effect of KS leaf powder on amylograph and farinograph characteristics of wheat flour and quality characteristics of bread showed promising results of acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadevappa Paramesha
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India.,Department of Food Technology, Davangere University, Davangere, Karnataka 577007 India
| | - Nagbhushan Priyanka
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India
| | - Kasar Crassina
- Flour Milling, Baking and Confectionery Technology, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India
| | - Nandini Prasad Shetty
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India
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24
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Dharmashekara C, Pradeep S, Prasad SK, Jain AS, Syed A, Prasad KS, Patil SS, Beelagi MS, Srinivasa C, Shivamallu C. Virtual screening of potential phyto-candidates as therapeutic leads against SARS-CoV-2 infection. ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 4:100136. [PMID: 38620722 PMCID: PMC8110638 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2021.100136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of novel coronavirus strain (Covid-19) with a high pandemic threat has predict grave public health and economic concerns. This virus, originating from the Wuhan region in China has spread worldwide affecting millions with no registered persuasive targeted therapy. In this paper, we analyze the three important proteins encoded by the virus, envelope protein 5 × 29, RNA binding nucleocapsid protein 1SSK, and spike glycoprotein 6ACD, for an effective virion accumulation, and remdesivir was the first drug approved by the FDA and EMA for the treatment of COVID-19 cases that require hospitalization, there is still much controversy about its efficacy and also an alternative for novel phytochemicals, deoxynojirimycin, trigoneoside IB, and octanoic acid. The in-silico evaluations were conducted using the PyRx virtual screening tools which lead to the target based on high binding affinity. Trigoneoside IB, derived from Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek), showed the highest binding affinity and stable interaction with the amino acid residues present in active sites of Covid-19 proteins. Meanwhile, the other two compounds derived from Morus alba (Mulberry) and Morinda citrifolia (Noni), as well as the anti-HIV remdesivir drug exhibited good binding affinity and favorable ADME properties. Thereby offering scope for validation of the new therapeutic components for their in vitro and in vivo efficacy against the Covid-19 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Dharmashekara
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka 570015, India
| | - Sushma Pradeep
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka 570015, India
| | - Shashanka K Prasad
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka 570015, India
| | - Anisha S Jain
- Department of Microbiology and Tissue Culture, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka 570015, India
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kollur Shiva Prasad
- Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Arts and Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Mysuru campus, Karnataka, India
| | - Sharanagouda S Patil
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Mallikarjun S Beelagi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka 570015, India
| | - Chandrashekar Srinivasa
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, Davangere University, Davangere 577007, Karnataka, India
| | - Chandan Shivamallu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka 570015, India
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Li X, Chen W, Simal-Gandara J, Georgiev MI, Li H, Hu H, Wu X, Efferth T, Wang S. West meets east: open up a dialogue on phytomedicine. Chin Med 2021; 16:57. [PMID: 34281584 PMCID: PMC8287783 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The desire to extend the wisdom of traditional health systems has motivated the trade of many phytomedicine on a global scale for centuries, especially some dietary herbs, making a great overlap exits between western and eastern phytomedicine. Despite the communication since ancient times, a key disconnect still exists in the dialog among western and eastern herbal researchers. There is very little systematic effort to tap into the friction and fusion of eastern and western wisdom in utilizing phytomedicine. In this review, we analyzed the similarities and differences of three representative phytomedicine, namely Rhodiola, seabuckthorn, and fenugreek, aiming to open up new horizons in developing novel health products by integrating the wisdom of the east and the west.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhu Li
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao SAR Taipa, China
| | - Weijie Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao SAR Taipa, China
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo-Ourense Campus, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Milen I. Georgiev
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Hongyi Li
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao SAR Taipa, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao SAR Taipa, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan China
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao SAR Taipa, China
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26
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Arya P, Kumar P. Comparison of ultrasound and microwave assisted extraction of diosgenin from Trigonella foenum graceum seed. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 74:105572. [PMID: 33933831 PMCID: PMC8105685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
From the recent market trend, there is a huge demand for the bioactive compounds from various food matrices that could be capable enough to combat the emerging health effects in day-to-day life. Fenugreek is a well-known spice from ancient times for its medicinal and health benefits. In the present study, two methods of green extraction microwave (MAE) and ultrasound (UAE) assisted were studied in regard of extraction of fenugreek diosgenin. In this study, solvent type (acetone, ethanol, hexane and petroleum ether), solvent concentration (40, 60, 80 and 100%) and treatment time (1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 min and 30, 40, 50 and 60 min for MAE and UAE method respectively) was varied to observe the effect of these parameters over extract yield and diosgenin content. The results of this study revealed that treatment time, type of solvent and its concentration and method adopted for extraction of diosgenin has significant effect. In relation with better yield extract and diosgenin content, the yield of fenugreek seed extract was 7.83% with MAE and 21.48% with UAE of fenugreek seed powder at 80% ethanol concentration at 6 and 60 min respectively. The content of diosgenin was observed in fenugreek seed powder extract was 35.50 mg/100 g in MAE and 40.37 mg/100 g in UAE with 80% ethanol concentration at 6 and 60 min respectively. The overall range of yield of fenugreek extract was varied from 1.04% to 32.48% and diosgenin content was 15.82 mg/100 g to 40.37 mg/100 g of fenugreek seed powder including both extraction methods. This study revealed that UAE would impose better ways for preparing fenugreek extract and observing diosgenin content from fenugreek seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajya Arya
- Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Punjab 148106, India
| | - Pradyuman Kumar
- Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Punjab 148106, India.
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27
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Abdelhameed RE, Abdel Latef AAH, Shehata RS. Physiological Responses of Salinized Fenugreek ( Trigonellafoenum-graecum L.) Plants to Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:657. [PMID: 33808186 PMCID: PMC8067232 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Considering the detrimental effects of salt stress on the physiological mechanisms of plants in terms of growth, development and productivity, intensive efforts are underway to improve plant tolerance to salinity. Hence, an experiment was conducted to assess the impact of the foliar application of salicylic acid (SA; 0.5 mM) on the physiological traits of fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecum L.) plants grown under three salt concentrations (0, 75, and 150 mM NaCl). An increase in salt concentration generated a decrease in the chlorophyll content index (CCI); however, the foliar application of SA boosted the CCI. The malondialdehyde content increased in salt-stressed fenugreek plants, while a reduction in content was observed with SA. Likewise, SA application induced an accumulation of proline, total phenolics, and flavonoids. Moreover, further increases in total free amino acids and shikimic acid were observed with the foliar application of SA, in either control or salt-treated plants. Similar results were obtained for ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and catalase with SA application. Hence, we concluded that the foliar application of SA ameliorates salinity, and it is a growth regulator that improves the tolerance of fenugreek plants under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reda E. Abdelhameed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef
- Department of Biology, Turabah University College, Turabah Branch, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania S. Shehata
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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28
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Idris S, Mishra A, Khushtar M. Recent Therapeutic Interventions of Fenugreek Seed: A Mechanistic Approach. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2020; 71:180-192. [PMID: 33378775 DOI: 10.1055/a-1320-0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Fenugreek seeds have widespread relations with Ayurveda, Unani, and Arabic medicine. The seeds were useful for the treatment and prevention of different ailments. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) or methi is from the Leguminosae family and are primarily known for its anti-diabetic and hypocholesterolemic activities. The germinated fenugreek seeds were used in the treatment of E.coli infection in Germany and France. The important phytoconstituents responsible for such medicinal applications are saponins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, galactomannans, trigonelline, and 4-hydroxy isoleucine. Flavonoids, apigenin 6,8-di-C-glucoside, apigenin-6-C-glucosyl-8-C-galactoside, 6-Cgalactosyl- 8-C-arabinoside are the chief ingredients of fenugreek seeds; responsible for reducing blood glucose while given to diabetic rats, whereas important flavones are epigenin, luteolin and vitexin. The other major bioactive components in fenugreek seeds are polyphenols like rhaponticin and isovitexin. Fenugreek seeds contain phosphorus and are categorized into different classes such as inorganic phosphorus, phospholipids, phytates, phosphor-proteins, and nucleic acid. Germinated seeds profusely filled with amino acids with amino acids, proteins, ascorbic acid, sugars. Further, this review shares information about the recent therapeutic intervention not covered earlier; on in vivo and in vitro and some clinical applications against certain interesting ailments other than older applications. This review includes certain nano delivery systems of Fenugreek seeds and their medicinal application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Idris
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Anuradha Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Md Khushtar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
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29
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Abd El-Wahab MMH, Aljabri M, Sarhan MS, Osman G, Wang S, Mabrouk M, El-Shabrawi HM, Gabr AMM, Abd El-Haliem AM, O’Sullivan DM, El-Soda M. High-Density SNP-Based Association Mapping of Seed Traits in Fenugreek Reveals Homology with Clover. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E893. [PMID: 32764325 PMCID: PMC7464718 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fenugreek as a self-pollinated plant is ideal for genome-wide association mapping where traits can be marked by their association with natural mutations. However, fenugreek is poorly investigated at the genomic level due to the lack of information regarding its genome. To fill this gap, we genotyped a collection of 112 genotypes with 153,881 SNPs using double digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing. We used 38,142 polymorphic SNPs to prove the suitability of the population for association mapping. One significant SNP was associated with both seed length and seed width, and another SNP was associated with seed color. Due to the lack of a comprehensive genetic map, it is neither possible to align the newly developed markers to chromosomes nor to predict the underlying genes. Therefore, systematic targeting of those markers to homologous genomes of other legumes can overcome those problems. A BLAST search using the genomic fenugreek sequence flanking the identified SNPs showed high homology with several members of the Trifolieae tribe indicating the potential of translational approaches to improving our understanding of the fenugreek genome. Using such a comprehensively-genotyped fenugreek population is the first step towards identifying genes underlying complex traits and to underpin fenugreek marker-assisted breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa M. H. Abd El-Wahab
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; (M.M.H.A.E.-W.); (M.M.)
| | - Maha Aljabri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (G.O.)
- Research Laboratories Centre, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S. Sarhan
- Environmental Studies and Research Unit, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Gamal Osman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (G.O.)
- Research Laboratories Centre, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), ARC, Giza 12915, Egypt
| | - Shichen Wang
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Service Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Amarillo College Station, Amarillo, TX 77845, USA;
| | - Mahmoud Mabrouk
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; (M.M.H.A.E.-W.); (M.M.)
| | - Hattem M. El-Shabrawi
- Plant Biotechnology Department, National Research Center, Giza 12622, Egypt; (H.M.E.-S.); (A.M.M.G.)
| | - Ahmed M. M. Gabr
- Plant Biotechnology Department, National Research Center, Giza 12622, Egypt; (H.M.E.-S.); (A.M.M.G.)
| | - Ahmed M. Abd El-Haliem
- Plant Physiology, University of Amsterdam, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Donal M. O’Sullivan
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AR, UK;
| | - Mohamed El-Soda
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
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30
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Khalili Samani S, Ghorbani MR, Fayazi J, Salari S. The effect of different levels of Fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) powder and extract on performance, egg quality, blood parameters and immune responses of laying hens in second production cycle. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2020; 11:53-57. [PMID: 32537107 PMCID: PMC7282217 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2019.80961.2072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to determine the effects of fenugreek powder (FP) and extract (FE) on performance, egg quality, blood parameters and immune responses of laying hens. One-hundred and fifty Leghorn laying hens were used in a completely randomized design with five treatments and five replicates for eight weeks. Treatments were various levels of FP and FE including zero (control; T1), 1.00% FP (T2), 2.00% FP (T3), 0.10% FE (T4) and 0.20% FE (T5). The results of this experiment showed that feed intake was increased linearly by the inclusion of FP compared to the control group. Supplementation of laying hens diet with 2.00% FP adversely affected feed conversion ratio (FCR). The FCR was decreased by 0.10% inclusion of FE compared to 0.20%. Egg yolk color was the highest when 1.00% FP added to laying hens diets compared to the other treatments. Serum metabolites and immune responses of laying hens were not affected significantly by fenugreek supplementation. From the results of the present study, it can be concluded that using 1.00% FP can improve feed intake by supporting FCR. Inclusion of 1.00% FP in laying hens diet enhanced egg yolk color of laying hens in the second production cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Khalili Samani
- Graduated Student, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Ghorbani
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Jamal Fayazi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Salari
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran
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31
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Ahad A, Raish M, Bin Jardan YA, Alam MA, Al-Mohizea AM, Al-Jenoobi FI. Potential pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions of Nigella Sativa and Trigonella Foenum-graecum with losartan in L-NAME induced hypertensive rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2544-2550. [PMID: 32994710 PMCID: PMC7499079 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this investigation was to study whether Nigella Sativa and Trigonella Foenum-graecum, could modulate the losartan pharmacodynamic (PD) and pharmacokinetic (PK) in experimental L-NAME induced hypertensive rats. For in vivo study, the systolic blood pressure (SBP) of rats was measured by the “tail-cuff system” after the treatment of rats with herb alone and herb + losartan in hypertensive rats. The SBP of rats treated with L-NAME + losartan also recorded. For the PK study, blood samples were obtained for up to 12 h to determine the concentrations of the drug, and various PK parameters were calculated. The data displayed that the SBP was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the rats when administered with L-NAME + N. Sativa or L-NAME + T. Foenum-graecum in contrast to the rats administered with L-NAME alone. A more prominent decline (p < 0.05) in SBP was detected in rats administered with L-NAME + N. Sativa + losartan and L-NAME + T. Foenum-graecum + losartan. In a PK study, higher losartan Cmax and AUC0-t were noted in rats treated with N. Sativa + losartan and T. Foenum-graecum + losartan, although the difference was not significant in contrast to the control group. This study proposed that the interaction between N. Sativa & losartan and T. Foenum-graecum & losartan could take place on concurrent administration; consequently, the dose of losartan may need to be accustomed when they are utilized simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ahad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Raish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef A Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Al-Mohizea
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad I Al-Jenoobi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Askarpour M, Alami F, Campbell MS, Venkatakrishnan K, Hadi A, Ghaedi E. Effect of fenugreek supplementation on blood lipids and body weight: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 253:112538. [PMID: 32087319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fenugreek is a traditional herbal medicine that has been used for centuries to treat hyperglycemia, muscle spasms, gastritis, constipation, edema, and other metabolic disorders. Recently, lipid-lowering effects of fenugreek have been identified. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine and clarify the impact of fenugreek supplementation on anthropometric indices and serum lipid levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from inception to June 2019 using relevant keywords. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of fenugreek on anthropometric indices and plasma lipids in adults were included. A random-effects model was used for quantitative data synthesis. A sensitivity analysis was conducted using the leave-one-out method. RESULTS A meta-analysis of 12 RCTs (14 arms) with 560 participants suggested a significant decrease in plasma concentrations of total cholesterol (WMD = -9.371 mg/dL; 95% CI: -15.419, -3.323, p = 0.002), triglycerides (WMD = -13.776 mg/dL; 95% CI: -26.636, -0.916, p = 0.036), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD = -6.590 mg/Dl; 95% CI: -13.042, -0.137, p = 0.045), as well as an increase in plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD = 3.501 mg/dL; 95% CI: 1.309, 5.692, p = 0.002), while body weight (WMD = 0.223 kg; 95% CI: -0.509, 0.955, p = 0.551) and body mass index (WMD = 0.091 kg/m2; 95% CI: -0.244, 0.426, p = 0.596) were not altered. CONCLUSION Fenugreek supplementation improved lipid parameters in adults. However, to confirm these results, more studies, particularly among hyperlipidemic patients, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Askarpour
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Alami
- Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Marilyn S Campbell
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kamesh Venkatakrishnan
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Amir Hadi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Ghaedi
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Modelling and kinetic study of microwave assisted drying of ginger and onion with simultaneous extraction of bioactive compounds. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:513-519. [PMID: 32296562 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-019-00695-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Onion and ginger are rich sources of bioactive compounds which are lost during conventional drying process. The present study was designed to optimize the novel Microwave Assisted Drying and Extraction technique (MADE) for simultaneous drying and extraction/recovery of bioactive compounds from model food products. The time required for drying of samples was 11 (onion) and 16 (ginger) minutes with recovery yield of 87% (onion) and 85% (ginger). The drying time was reduced to 100 times compared to hot air drying and moisture ratio of dried samples was best described by Midilli model. The diffusivities of onion and ginger slices were 1.27 e-11 and 1.43 e-11 m2/s, respectively. Moreover, microwave-based extraction was compared with conventional one. The results of antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents of condensates obtained through MADE were higher compared to conventional method. In short, MADE exhibited better yield of extraction and drying properties compared to conventional methods.
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Amiriyan M, Shojaeiyan A, Yadollahi A, Maleki M, Bahari Z. Genetic diversity analysis and population structure of some Iranian Fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) landraces using SRAP Markers. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2019; 8:181-190. [PMID: 32042836 PMCID: PMC6995332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Fenugreek is one of the important edible and medicinal vegetables that have a long history of cultivation and consumption. Characterize the extent of the genetic diversity among landraces will provide a good context for future breeding programs and genetic resource preservation. Genetic diversity and population structure of 88 individuals of eight landraces of Iranian fenugreek evaluated based on SRAP markers. Seventy-two bands generated from 6 primers in which 56 (80.11%) band were polymorph. Hamadan landrace showed the lowest values of percentage of polymorphic loci (67.86), Nei's gene diversity index (0.24), number of effective alleles (1.40) and Shannon's Information index (0.36). Nei's genetic distance matrix revealed the highest genetic distance between Hamadan and Yazd (0.203) and the highest genetic similarity between Mahallat and Varamin (0.036) landraces. The most gene flow was between Mahallat and Varamin landraces (Nm=8.36) and the least was between Shiraz and Hamadan landraces (Nm=0.66). An extent admixture of alleles between the Iranian fenugreek landraces was observed by the population structure. Mantel test indicated that the genetic differentiation and gene flow is not associated with geographic distance in Iranian fenugreek landraces. Our observations indicated SRAP is an efficient technique to reveal genetic diversity and population structure of Iranian fenugreek landrace.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdolali Shojaeiyan
- Corresponding Author: Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-21-48292111
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Hozzein WN, Saleh AM, Habeeb TH, Wadaan MAM, AbdElgawad H. CO 2 treatment improves the hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant properties of fenugreek seeds. Food Chem 2019; 308:125661. [PMID: 31669948 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A high level of serum cholesterol is a major cause of atherosclerosis. Fenugreek is a well-known hypocholesterolaemic agent with amazing phytochemical composition. Due to its impact on plant metabolism, CO2 enrichment was tested as a strategy to support functional values in fenugreek seeds. Phytochemical composition and biological activities of three fenugreek cultivars (G2, G6 and G30) grown under ambient (aCO2, 400 μmol mol-1) and elevated CO2 (eCO2, 620 μmol mol-1) were assessed. Applying eCO2 improved physical parameters of fenugreek seeds, and enhanced their biological activities. A significant increase in hypocholesterolaemic potential, as indicated by inhibition of cholesterol micellar solubility and pancreatic lipase activity, was recorded. In addition, antioxidant, anti-lipid peroxidation and antibacterial activities were improved. These enhanced biological activities were accompanied by improved seed chemical composition at the primary and secondary metabolic levels. Therefore, eCO2 treatment represents an efficient strategy to increase the hypocholesterolaemic, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of fenugreek seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael N Hozzein
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Saleh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; Biology Department, Faculty of Science at Yanbu, Taibah University, King Khalid Rd., Al Amoedi, 46423 Yanbu El-Bahr, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Talaat H Habeeb
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science at Yanbu, Taibah University, King Khalid Rd., Al Amoedi, 46423 Yanbu El-Bahr, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A M Wadaan
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt; Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
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Rashid R, Ahmad H, Ahmed Z, Rashid F, Khalid N. Clinical investigation to modulate the effect of fenugreek polysaccharides on type-2 diabetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2019.100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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37
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Stabbert R, Ghosh D, Clarke A, Miller J, Collard J, Crooks I, Tafin Djoko D, Larroque S, Jaccard G, Roemer E, Park CH, Esposito M. Assessment of priority tobacco additives per the requirements in the EU Tobacco Products Directive (2014/40/EU): Part 2: Smoke chemistry and in vitro toxicology. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 104:163-199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Influence of Fenugreek Flour (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Addition on the Technofunctional Properties of Dark Wheat Flour. J FOOD QUALITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/8635806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) and dark wheat flour (type 1250) blends was performed, and the effect of fenugreek flour on the physicochemical, textural, microbiological, and sensory characteristics of wheat bread was studied. The fenugreek flour was blended with wheat flour at different levels: 2%, 5%, and 8% for preparing bread samples. Even if a decrement of bread’s crumb textural properties was recorded with fenugreek flour addition, the improved content in protein, ash, fiber, and antioxidant compounds was noticeable. The results of the sensory analysis indicated that the bread sample fortified with 2% and 5% fenugreek flour has the highest acceptability score. However, considering the health benefits of fenugreek bioactive compounds and their influence on overall quality of bread, it can be concluded that bread supplementation up to 5% fenugreek flour is optimal.
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Laila O, Murtaza I, Abdin MZ, Ahmad S, Khan MS. Development and validation of a high-performance thin-layer chromatography based method for the quantification of trigonelline in fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2019. [DOI: 10.1556/1006.2019.32.2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omi Laila
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, Division of Basic Sciences and Humanities, SKUAST-K-190025, India
| | - Imtiyaz Murtaza
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, Division of Basic Sciences and Humanities, SKUAST-K-190025, India
| | - Malik Zainul Abdin
- Centre for Transgenic Plant Development, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Masood Shah Khan
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
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Zhang C, Li Y, Ma J, Liu Y, He J, Li Y, Zhu F, Meng J, Zhan J, Li Z, Zhao L, Ma Q, Fan X, Xu Q, Xie X, Chen N. High production of 4-hydroxyisoleucine in Corynebacterium glutamicum by multistep metabolic engineering. Metab Eng 2018; 49:287-298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Mannans: An overview of properties and application in food products. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:79-95. [PMID: 30048723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to emphasize the occurrence and abundant presence of mannans in nature, their classification, structural differences and significance in food and feed industry. With rising demand from the consumers' end for novel natural foods, usage of galactomannan and glucomannan has also increased alternatively. Non toxicity of mannans permits their usage in the pharmaceutical, biomedical, cosmetics, and textile industries. In the food industry, mannans have various applications such as edible films/coating, gel formation, stiffeners, viscosity modifiers, stabilizers, texture improvers, water absorbants, as prebiotics in dairy products and bakery, seasonings, diet foods, coffee whiteners etc. Applications and functions of these commonly used commercially available mannans have therefore, been highlighted. Mannans improve the texture and appeal of food products and provide numerous health benefits like controlling obesity and body weight control, prebiotic benefits, constipation alleviaton, prevent occurrence of diarrhea, check inflammation due to gut related diseases, management of diverticular disease management, balance intestinal microbiota, immune system modulator, reduced risk of colorectal cancer etc. Mannan degrading enzymes are the key enzymes involved in degradation and are useful in various industrial processes such as fruit juice clarification, viscosity reduction of coffee extracts etc. besides facilitating the process steps and improving process quality.
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Rampogu S, Parameswaran S, Lemuel MR, Lee KW. Exploring the Therapeutic Ability of Fenugreek against Type 2 Diabetes and Breast Cancer Employing Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:1943203. [PMID: 30108647 PMCID: PMC6077604 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1943203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) is used as a spice throughout the world. It is known for its medicinal properties such as antidiabetic, anticarcinogenic, and immunological activities. The present study shows the properties and the nutritional quality of fenugreek seed extract and focuses on screening of active compounds in drug designing for type 2 diabetes and breast cancer. Quantitative analysis was used to calculate the percentages of protein, carbohydrates moisture, fatty acid, galactomannan, oil, and amino acid. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, proteins, saponins, and tannins in fenugreek seed extracts. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation-based computational drug discovery methods were employed to address the role of fenugreek seed constituents against type 2 diabetes and breast cancer. The computational results reveal that the compound galactomannan can be ascribed as potential drug candidate against breast cancer and type 2 diabetes rendered by higher molecular dock scores, stable molecular dynamics (MD) simulations results, and lower binding energy calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailima Rampogu
- Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Saravanan Parameswaran
- Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Keun Woo Lee
- Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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Philips CA, Augustine P. Rare cause of isolated severe coagulation failure in cirrhosis: traditional healing with fenugreek. BMJ Case Rep 2018; 2018:bcr-2017-223479. [PMID: 29330279 PMCID: PMC5780598 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-223479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with cirrhosis develop decompensation events during the natural history of the disease that encompass ascites, variceal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy and jaundice. Coagulation failure, defined using the international normalised ratio, even though not a decompensation event, is important in patients with stratifying cirrhosis into those who require liver transplantation for long-term survival. Isolated coagulation failure in cirrhosis is rare and usually occurs with use of anticoagulants in the setting of vascular diseases. We reported the case of a patient with compensated cirrhosis in whom, isolated severe coagulation failure was found to be due to excessive use of fenugreek milk porridge as part of traditional healing. The coagulation failure was promptly reversed with avoidance of fenugreek and supplementation with vitamin K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyriac A Philips
- The Liver Unit, Cochin Gastroenterology Group, Ernakulam Medical Centre, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Philip Augustine
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cochin Gastroenterology Group, Ernakulam Medical Centre, Kochi, Kerala, India
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Engineering a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase for the stereoselective production of (2S,3R,4S)-4-hydroxyisoleucine with three asymmetric centers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13703. [PMID: 29057974 PMCID: PMC5651801 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13978-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Fenugreek is a dietary supplement for anti-aging and human health. (2S,3R,4S)-4-hydroxyisoleucine (4-HIL), which is extracted from fenugreek seeds, is expected to be a promising orally active drug for diabetes and diabetic nephropathy because of its insulinotropic effect. Although several chemical synthesis methods of 4-HIL have been proposed, these methods require multistep reactions to control the stereochemistry of 4-HIL. In this study, we modified the key enzyme 4-HIL dehydrogenase (HILDH) to overcome the biggest limitation in commercial-scale production of 4-HIL. As a result, an effective one-step carbonyl reduction to produce (2S,3R,4S)-4-HIL was successfully accomplished with strict stereoselectivity (>99% de). Mass production of (2S,3R,4S)-4-HIL by our synthetic method could have a significant contribution to the prevention of diabetes, dyslipidemia, and Alzheimer's disease. (120 words/200 words).
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Efficacy of functional foods mixture in improving hypercholesterolemia, inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction biomarkers-induced by high cholesterol diet. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:194. [PMID: 28985743 PMCID: PMC6389121 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0585-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypercholesterolemia associated with cardiovascular diseases is a global health issue that could be alleviated by functional foods. This study aimed to explore the effects of a high-cholesterol diet on lipid profile, cardiac, inflammatory, and endothelial dysfunction biomarkers, and the possible improvement by functional foods mixture. Methods Male albino rats weighing 100–150 g were randomly divided into four equal groups: 1st control, giving a normal diet; the 2nd received high-cholesterol diet for 8 weeks, the 3rd received the high-cholesterol diet + functional foods mixture, and the 4th administered high-cholesterol diet +atorvastatin (20 mg) orally. Results The results showed a significant increase in lipid profile and cardiac biomarkers levels (lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase and homocystein), also inflammatory markers, as, tumor necrotic factor alpha and chronic reactive proteins were elevated, moreover, vascular adhesion molecule-1 and nitric oxide synthase were disturbed in high-cholesterol diet compared with normal group. While administration of atorvastatin and functional foods mixture ameliorated these alterations. Conclusions Administration of functional foods mixture and atorvastatin were effective in treating hypercholesterolemia, reduce the risk of inflammation and cardiovascular biomarkers with a high safety margin. These efficiencies may be due to its active ingredient that improve the imbalance in the measured biomarkers.
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El Bairi K, Ouzir M, Agnieszka N, Khalki L. Anticancer potential of Trigonella foenum graecum: Cellular and molecular targets. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:479-491. [PMID: 28391170 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence supported by numerous studies on tumorigenesis confirms that it is possible to target various hallmarks of cancer. Recent studies have shown that plant-derived molecules may be used in targeting different signaling pathways for cancer drug discovery. The present paper gives an insight into the anticancer potential of fenugreek and lists the existing studies that have been carried out to demonstrate the advantages of the use of fenugreek in cancer treatment and prevention. It also aims at opening up new perspectives in the development of new drugs of natural origins in the future clinical trials. This review article will discuss; (1) the chemical constituents and bioactive compounds of fenugreek; (2) effects on oxidative stress and inflammation; (3) effects on proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion; (4) toxicity of fenugreek; and 5) future directions in cancer drug development. All of the experimental studies discussed in this paper suggest that multiple signaling pathways (hallmarks) are involved in the anticancer activities of fenugreek, but their efficacy is still unclear, which requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid El Bairi
- Independent Research Team in Cancer Biology and Bioactive Compounds, Mohamed 1st University, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Mounir Ouzir
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Najda Agnieszka
- Quality Laboratory of Vegetable and Medicinal Materials, Department of Vegetable Crops and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin,Leszczyńskiego Street 58, 20-068 Lublin, Poland
| | - Loubna Khalki
- Neuroscience Laboratory, UM6SS-Research Center, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
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Deshpande P, Mohan V, Ingavale D, Mane J, Pore M, Thakurdesai, PhD P. Preclinical Safety Assessment of Furostanol Glycoside-Based Standardized Fenugreek Seed Extract in Laboratory Rats. J Diet Suppl 2017; 14:521-541. [DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2016.1272659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Deshpande
- Department of Scientific Affairs, Indus Biotech Private Limited, Pune, India
| | - Vishwaraman Mohan
- Department of Scientific Affairs, Indus Biotech Private Limited, Pune, India
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Ouzir M, El Bairi K, Amzazi S. Toxicological properties of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum). Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 96:145-54. [PMID: 27498339 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum), used as traditional medicine and natural additive food, has been shown to exert significant antiatherogenic, antidiabetic, antianorexic, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antihyperlipidemic, galactogogue and anti-inflammatory effects in several human and animal models. Besides, several medicinal pharmaceutical and nutraceutical properties, fenugreek have toxic effects as well. The aim of this review is discuss the cumulative evidence, which suggests that consumption of fenugreek induced some serious toxicological side effects. In this review, many teratogenic effects of fenugreek, from congenital malformations to death, were reported in human, rodent, rabbit, and chick. Moreover, results obtained in rats, mice and rabbits show a testicular toxicity and anti-fertility effects in male associated with oxidative stress and DNA damage, as well as anti-fertility, antiimplantation and abortifacient activity in females related to saponin compound of fenugreek which suggest that fenugreek is not recommended for use during pregnancy. Indeed, the consumption of fenugreek should be avoided for persons having peanut and chickpeas allergy because of possible cross-reactivity as well as chronic asthma. Accumulating evidence suggest also that fenugreek may have neurodevelopmental, neurobehavioral and neuropathological side effects. It is suggested that future studies would be conducted to identify molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the fenugreek toxicological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounir Ouzir
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V in Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Khalid El Bairi
- Independent Research Team in Cancer Biology and Bioactive Compounds, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Oujda, University Mohamed First, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Saaïd Amzazi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V in Rabat, Morocco
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