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Li S, Wei B, Xu L, Cong C, Murtaza B, Wang L, Li X, Li J, Xu M, Yin J, Xu Y. In vivo efficacy of phage cocktails against carbapenem resistance Acinetobacter baumannii in the rat pneumonia model. J Virol 2024:e0046724. [PMID: 38864621 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00467-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii, an opportunistic pathogen, poses a significant threat in intensive care units, leading to severe nosocomial infections. The rise of multi-drug-resistant strains, particularly carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii, has created formidable challenges for effective treatment. Given the prolonged development cycle and high costs associated with antibiotics, phages have garnered clinical attention as an alternative for combating infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria. However, the utilization of phage therapy encounters notable challenges, including the narrow host spectrum, where each phage targets a limited subset of bacteria, increasing the risk of phage resistance development. Additionally, uncertainties in immune system dynamics during treatment hinder tailoring symptomatic interventions based on patient-specific states. In this study, we isolated two A. baumannii phages from wastewater and conducted a comprehensive assessment of their potential applications. This evaluation included sequencing analysis, genome classification, pH and temperature stability assessments, and in vitro bacterial inhibition assays. Further investigations involved analyzing histological and cytokine alterations in rats undergoing phage cocktail treatment for pneumonia. The therapeutic efficacy of the phages was validated, and transcriptomic studies of rat lung tissue during phage treatment revealed crucial changes in the immune system. The findings from our study underscore the potential of phages for future development as a treatment strategy and offer compelling evidence regarding immune system dynamics throughout the treatment process.IMPORTANCEDue to the growing problem of multi-drug-resistant bacteria, the use of phages is being considered as an alternative to antibiotics, and the genetic safety and application stability of phages determine the potential of phage application. The absence of drug resistance genes and virulence genes in the phage genome can ensure the safety of phage application, and the fact that phage can remain active in a wide range of temperatures and pH is also necessary for application. In addition, the effect evaluation of preclinical studies is especially important for clinical application. By simulating the immune response situation during the treatment process through mammalian models, the changes in animal immunity can be observed, and the effect of phage therapy can be further evaluated. Our study provides compelling evidence that phages hold promise for further development as therapeutic agents for Acinetobacter baumannii infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibin Li
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Bingdong Wei
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Le Xu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Cong Cong
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Bilal Murtaza
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Lili Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Jibin Li
- R&D Centre, Liaoning Innovation Center for Phage Application Professional Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Mu Xu
- R&D Department, Dalian SEM Bio-Engineering Technology Co. Ltd., Dalian, China
| | - Jiajun Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yongping Xu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- R&D Department, Dalian SEM Bio-Engineering Technology Co. Ltd., Dalian, China
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2
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Singh A, Jain N, Shankar U, Sharma TK, Kumar A. Characterization of G-quadruplex structures in genes involved in survival and pathogenesis of Acinetobacter baumannii as a potential drug target. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131806. [PMID: 38670179 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a notorious pathogen that commonly thrives in hospital environments and is responsible for numerous nosocomial infections in humans. The burgeoning multi-drug resistance leaves relatively minimal options for treating the bacterial infection, posing a significant problem and prompting the identification of new approaches for tackling the same. This motivated us to focus on non-canonical nucleic acid structures, mainly G-quadruplexes, as drug targets. G-quadruplexes have recently been gaining attention due to their involvement in multiple bacterial and viral pathogenesis. Herein, we sought to explore conserved putative G-quadruplex motifs in A. baumannii. In silico analysis revealed the presence of eight conserved motifs in genes involved in bacterial survival and pathogenesis. The biophysical and biomolecular analysis confirmed stable G-quadruplex formation by the motifs and showed a high binding affinity with the well-reported G-quadruplex binding ligand, BRACO-19. BRACO-19 exposure also decreased the growth of bacteria and downregulated the expression of G-quadruplex-harboring genes. The biofilm-forming ability of the bacteria was also affected by BRACO-19 addition. Taking all these observations into account, we have shown here for the first time the potential of G-quadruplex structures as a promising drug target in Acinetobacter baumannii, for addressing the challenges posed by this infamous pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakriti Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
| | - Neha Jain
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
| | - Uma Shankar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Sharma
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, India.
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Khan FM, Rasheed F, Yang Y, Liu B, Zhang R. Endolysins: a new antimicrobial agent against antimicrobial resistance. Strategies and opportunities in overcoming the challenges of endolysins against Gram-negative bacteria. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1385261. [PMID: 38831886 PMCID: PMC11144922 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1385261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are rapidly emerging, and the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii poses a severe threat to humans and healthcare organizations, due to the lack of innovative antibacterial drugs. Endolysins, which are peptidoglycan hydrolases encoded by a bacteriophage, are a promising new family of antimicrobials. Endolysins have been demonstrated as an effective therapeutic agent against bacterial infections of A. baumannii and many other Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Endolysin research has progressed from basic in vitro characterization to sophisticated protein engineering methodologies, including advanced preclinical and clinical testing. Endolysin are therapeutic agent that shows antimicrobial properties against bacterial infections caused by drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, there are still barriers to their implementation in clinical settings, such as safety concerns with outer membrane permeabilizers (OMP) use, low efficiency against stationary phase bacteria, and stability issues. The application of protein engineering and formulation techniques to improve enzyme stability, as well as combination therapy with other types of antibacterial drugs to optimize their medicinal value, have been reviewed as well. In this review, we summarize the clinical development of endolysin and its challenges and approaches for bringing endolysin therapies to the clinic. This review also discusses the different applications of endolysins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Mehmood Khan
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fazal Rasheed
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunlan Yang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, China
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Wang R, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Yu S, Zhuo H, Huang Y, Lyu J, Lin Y, Zhang X, Mi Z, Liu Y. Identification and characterization of the capsule depolymerase Dpo27 from phage IME-Ap7 specific to Acinetobacter pittii. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1373052. [PMID: 38808067 PMCID: PMC11130378 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1373052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the Acinetobacter genus, Acinetobacter pittii stands out as an important opportunistic infection causative agent commonly found in hospital settings, which poses a serious threat to human health. Recently, the high prevalence of carbapenem-resistant A. pittii isolates has created significant therapeutic challenges for clinicians. Bacteriophages and their derived enzymes are promising therapeutic alternatives or adjuncts to antibiotics effective against multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. However, studies investigating the depolymerases specific to A. pittii strains are scarce. In this study, we identified and characterized a capsule depolymerase, Dpo27, encoded by the bacteriophage IME-Ap7, which targets A. pittii. A total of 23 clinical isolates of Acinetobacter spp. were identified as A. pittii (21.91%, 23/105), and seven A. pittii strains with various K locus (KL) types (KL14, KL32, KL38, KL111, KL163, KL207, and KL220) were used as host bacteria for phage screening. The lytic phage IME-Ap7 was isolated using A. pittii 7 (KL220) as an indicator bacterium and was observed for depolymerase activity. A putative tail fiber gene encoding a polysaccharide-degrading enzyme (Dpo27) was identified and expressed. The results of the modified single-spot assay showed that both A. pittii 7 and 1492 were sensitive to Dpo27, which was assigned the KL220 type. After incubation with Dpo27, A. pittii strain was susceptible to killing by human serum; moreover, the protein displayed no hemolytic activity against erythrocytes. Furthermore, the protein exhibited sustained activity across a wide pH range (5.0-10.0) and at temperatures between 20 and 50°C. In summary, the identified capsule depolymerase Dpo27 holds promise as an alternative treatment for combating KL220-type A. pittii infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rentao Wang
- Senior Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yannan Liu
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqian Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Shijun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Hailong Zhuo
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, The Fifth Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhui Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xianglilan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Mi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Youning Liu
- Senior Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Sotomayor N, Villacis JE, Burneo N, Reyes J, Zapata S, Bayas-Rea RDLÁ. Carbapenemase genes in clinical and environmental isolates of Acinetobacter spp. from Quito, Ecuador. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17199. [PMID: 38680892 PMCID: PMC11056107 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. is associated with nosocomial infections in intensive care unit patients, resulting in high mortality. Although Acinetobacter spp. represent a serious public health problem worldwide, there are a few studies related to the presence of carbapenemases in health care facilities and other environmental settings in Ecuador. The main aim of this study was to characterize the carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. isolates obtained from four hospitals (52) and from five rivers (27) close to Quito. We used the disc diffusion and EDTA sinergy tests to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility and the production of metallo β-lactamases, respectively. We carried out a multiplex PCR of gyrB gene and the sequencing of partial rpoB gene to bacterial species identification. We performed molecular screening of nine carbapenem-resistant genes (blaSPM, blaSIM, blaGIM, blaGES, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-24, blaOXA-51, blaOXA-58, and blaOXA-143) by multiplex PCR, followed by identification using sequencing of blaOXA genes. Our findings showed that carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii were the main species found in health care facilities and rivers. Most of the clinical isolates came from respiratory tract samples and harbored blaOXA-23, blaOXA-366, blaOXA-72, blaOXA-65, blaOXA-70, and blaOXA-143-like genes. The river isolates harbored only the blaOXA-51 and probably blaOXA-259 genes. We concluded that the most predominant type of carbapenem genes among isolates were both blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-65 among A. baumannii clinical isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Sotomayor
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - José Eduardo Villacis
- Centro de Referencia Nacional de Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública-INSPI Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Pérez, Quito, Ecuador
- Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina (CISeAL), Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Noela Burneo
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jorge Reyes
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sonia Zapata
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Rosa de los Ángeles Bayas-Rea
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
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6
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Ahuatzin-Flores OE, Torres E, Chávez-Bravo E. Acinetobacter baumannii, a Multidrug-Resistant Opportunistic Pathogen in New Habitats: A Systematic Review. Microorganisms 2024; 12:644. [PMID: 38674589 PMCID: PMC11051781 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, humanity has begun to face a growing challenge posed by a rise in the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This has resulted in an alarming surge in fatalities and the emergence of increasingly hard-to-manage diseases. Acinetobacter baumannii can be seen as one of these resilient pathogens due to its increasing prevalence in hospitals, its resistance to treatment, and its association with elevated mortality rates. Despite its clinical significance, the scientific understanding of this pathogen in non-hospital settings remains limited. Knowledge of its virulence factors is also lacking. Therefore, in this review, we seek to shed light on the latest research regarding the ecological niches, microbiological traits, and antibiotic resistance profiles of Acinetobacter baumannii. Recent studies have revealed the presence of this bacterium in a growing range of environmental niches, including rivers, treatment plants, and soils. It has also been discovered in diverse food sources such as meat and vegetables, as well as in farm animals and household pets such as dogs and cats. This broader presence of Acinetobacter baumannii, i.e., outside of hospital environments, indicates a significant risk of environmental contamination. As a result, greater levels of awareness and new preventive measures should be promoted to address this potential threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar E. Ahuatzin-Flores
- Posgrado en Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Edificio IC 6. Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Mexico;
| | - Eduardo Torres
- Centro de Química, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico;
| | - Edith Chávez-Bravo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico
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Liao J, Qi Q, Kuang L, Zhou Y, Xiao Q, Liu T, Wang X, Guo L, Jiang Y. Chloramphenicol Binding Sites of Acinetobacter baumannii Chloramphenicol Acetyltransferase CatB8. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:870-878. [PMID: 38311919 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a multidrug-resistant pathogen that has become one of the most challenging pathogens in global healthcare. Several antibiotic-resistant genes, including catB8, have been identified in the A. baumannii genome. CatB8 protein, one of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferases (Cats), is encoded by the catB8 gene. Cats can convert chloramphenicol (chl) to 3-acetyl-chl, leading to bacterial resistance to chl. Here, we present the high-resolution cocrystal structure of CatB8 with chl. The structure that we resolved showed that each monomer of CatB8 binds to four chl molecules, while its homologous protein only binds to one chl molecule. One of the newly discovered chl binding site overlaps with the site of another substrate, acetyl-CoA. Through structure-based biochemical analyses, we identified key residues for chl recruiting and acetylation of chl in CatB8. Our work is of significant importance for understanding the drug resistance of A. baumannii and the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianqian Qi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Linghan Kuang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanxia Zhou
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingjie Xiao
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongmei Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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Ho CW, Chen PY, Liao YT, Cheng YF, Tsou HH, Liu TY, Liang KH. Uncovering the microbiome landscape in sashimi delicacies. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5454. [PMID: 38443405 PMCID: PMC10914738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55938-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
It is widely believed that a significant portion of the gut microbiota, which play crucial roles in overall health and disease, originates from the food we consume. Sashimi is a type of popular raw seafood cuisine. Its microbiome, however, remained to be thoroughly explored. The objective of this study is to explore the microbiome composition in sashimi at the time when it is served and ready to be eaten. Specifically, our tasks include investigating the diversity and characteristics of microbial profiles in sashimi with respect to the fish types. We utilized the Sanger-sequencing based DNA barcoding technology for fish species authentication and next-generation sequencing for sashimi microbiome profiling. We investigated the microbiome profiles of amberjack, cobia, salmon, tuna and tilapia sashimi, which were all identified using the MT-CO1 DNA sequences regardless of their menu offering names. Chao1 and Shannon indexes, as well as Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index were used to evaluate the alpha and beta diversities of sashimi microbiome. We successfully validated our previous observation that tilapia sashimi has a significantly higher proportions of Pseudomonas compared to other fish sashimi, using independent samples (P = 0.0010). Salmon sashimi exhibited a notably higher Chao1 index in its microbiome in contrast to other fish species (P = 0.0031), indicating a richer and more diverse microbial ecosystem. Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index revealed distinct clusters of microbiome profiles with respect to fish types. Microbiome similarity was notably observed between amberjack and tuna, as well as cobia and salmon. The relationship of microbiome similarity can be depicted as a tree which resembles partly the phylogenetic tree of host species, emphasizing the close relationship between host evolution and microbial composition. Moreover, salmon exhibited a pronounced relative abundance of the Photobacterium genus, significantly surpassing tuna (P = 0.0079), observed consistently across various restaurant sources. In conclusion, microbiome composition of Pseudomonas is significantly higher in tilapia sashimi than in other fish sashimi. Salmon sashimi has the highest diversity of microbiome among all fish sashimi that we analyzed. The level of Photobacterium is significantly higher in salmon than in tuna across all the restaurants we surveyed. These findings provide critical insights into the intricate relationship between the host evolution and the microbial composition. These discoveries deepen our understanding of sashimi microbiota, facilitating our decision in selecting raw seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Ho
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ying Chen
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Fu Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Hsing Tsou
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yun Liu
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Hao Liang
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Jha NK, Gopu V, Sivasankar C, Singh SR, Devi PB, Murali A, Shetty PH. In vitro and in silico assessment of anti-biofilm and anti-quorum sensing properties of 2,4-Di-tert butylphenol against Acinetobacter baumannii. J Med Microbiol 2024; 73. [PMID: 38506718 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Acinetobacter baumannii is a nosocomial pathogen with a high potential to cause food-borne infections. It is designated as a critical pathogen by the World Health Organization due to its multi-drug resistance and mortalities reported. Biofilm governs major virulence factors, which promotes drug resistance in A. baumannii. Thus, a compound with minimum selection pressure on the pathogen can be helpful to breach biofilm-related virulence.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. To identify anti-biofilm and anti-virulent metabolites from extracts of wild Mangifera indica (mango) brine pickle bacteria that diminishes pathogenesis and resistance of A. baumannii.Aim. This study reports anti-biofilm and anti-quorum sensing (QS) efficacy of secondary metabolites from bacterial isolates of fermented food origin.Method. Cell-free supernatants (CFS) of 13 bacterial isolates from fermented mango brine pickles were screened for their efficiency in inhibiting biofilm formation and GC-MS was used to identify its metabolites. Anti-biofilm metabolite was tested on early and mature biofilms, pellicle formation, extra polymeric substances (EPS), cellular adherence, motility and resistance of A. baumannii. Gene expression and in silico studies were also carried out to validate the compounds efficacy.Results. CFS of TMP6b identified as Bacillus vallismortis, inhibited biofilm production (83.02 %). Of these, major compound was identified as 2,4-Di-tert-butyl phenol (2,4-DBP). At sub-lethal concentrations, 2,4-DBP disrupted both early and mature biofilm formation. Treatment with 2,4-DBP destructed in situ biofilm formed on glass and plastic. In addition, key virulence traits like pellicle (77.5 %), surfactant (95.3 %), EPS production (3-fold) and cell adherence (65.55 %) reduced significantly. A. baumannii cells treated with 2,4-DBP showed enhanced sensitivity towards antibiotics, oxide radicals and blood cells. Expression of biofilm-concomitant virulence genes like csuA/B, pgaC, pgaA, bap, bfmR, katE and ompA along with QS genes abaI, abaR significantly decreased. The in silico studies further validated the higher binding affinity of 2,4-DBP to the AbaR protein than the cognate ligand molecule.Conclusion. To our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate 2,4- DBP has anti-pathogenic potential alone and with antibiotics by in vitro, and in silico studies against A. baumannii. It also indicates its potential use in therapeutics and bio-preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Kumari Jha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605014, India
| | - Venkadesaperumal Gopu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chandran Sivasankar
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Satya Ranjan Singh
- Department of Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605014, India
| | - Palanisamy Bruntha Devi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605014, India
| | - Ayaluru Murali
- Department of Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605014, India
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Ouyang Z, He W, Jiao M, Yu Q, Guo Y, Refat M, Qin Q, Zhang J, Shi Q, Zheng F, Wen Y. Mechanistic and biophysical characterization of polymyxin resistance response regulator PmrA in Acinetobacter baumannii. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1293990. [PMID: 38476937 PMCID: PMC10927774 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1293990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acinetobacter baumannii PmrAB is a crucial two-component regulatory system (TCS) that plays a vital role in conferring resistance to polymyxin. PmrA, a response regulator belonging to the OmpR/PhoB family, is composed of a C-terminal DNA-binding effector domain and an N-terminal receiver domain. The receiver domain can be phosphorylated by PmrB, a transmembrane sensor histidine kinase that interacts with PmrA. Once phosphorylated, PmrA undergoes a conformational change, resulting in the formation of a symmetric dimer in the receiver domain. This conformational change facilitates the recognition of promoter DNA by the DNA-binding domain of PmrA, leading to the activation of adaptive responses. Methods X-ray crystallography was carried out to solve the structure of PmrA receiver domain. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and Isothermal titration calorimetry were recruited to validate the interaction between the recombinant PmrA protein and target DNA. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was employed to characterize the surface morphology of A. baumannii in both the PmrA knockout and mutation strains. Results The receiver domain of PmrA follows the canonical α5β5 response regulator assembly, which undergoes dimerization upon phosphorylation and activation. Beryllium trifluoride is utilized as an aspartate phosphorylation mimic in this process. Mutations involved in phosphorylation and dimerization significantly affected the expression of downstream pmrC and naxD genes. This impact resulted in an enhanced cell surface smoothness with fewer modifications, ultimately contributing to a decrease in colistin (polymyxin E) and polymyxin B resistance. Additionally, a conservative direct-repeat DNA PmrA binding sequence TTTAAGNNNNNTTTAAG was identified at the promoter region of the pmrC and naxD gene. These findings provide structural insights into the PmrA receiver domain and reveal the mechanism of polymyxin resistance, suggesting that PmrA could be a potential drug target to reverse polymyxin resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlin Ouyang
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Sepsis in Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center for Microbiome Research of Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenbo He
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Sepsis in Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center for Microbiome Research of Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Jiao
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Sepsis in Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center for Microbiome Research of Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qinyue Yu
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Sepsis in Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center for Microbiome Research of Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yucheng Guo
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Sepsis in Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center for Microbiome Research of Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Moath Refat
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Disease of Ministry of Education Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Qin
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Sepsis in Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center for Microbiome Research of Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Sepsis in Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center for Microbiome Research of Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qindong Shi
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Sepsis in Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center for Microbiome Research of Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fang Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Disease of Ministry of Education Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yurong Wen
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Sepsis in Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center for Microbiome Research of Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Sun W, Shahrajabian MH, Soleymani A. The Roles of Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)-Based Biostimulants for Agricultural Production Systems. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:613. [PMID: 38475460 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The application of biostimulants has been proven to be an advantageous tool and an appropriate form of management towards the effective use of natural resources, food security, and the beneficial effects on plant growth and yield. Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are microbes connected with plant roots that can increase plant growth by different methods such as producing plant hormones and molecules to improve plant growth or providing increased mineral nutrition. They can colonize all ecological niches of roots to all stages of crop development, and they can affect plant growth and development directly by modulating plant hormone levels and enhancing nutrient acquisition such as of potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen, and essential minerals, or indirectly via reducing the inhibitory impacts of different pathogens in the forms of biocontrol parameters. Many plant-associated species such as Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Streptomyces, Serratia, Arthrobacter, and Rhodococcus can increase plant growth by improving plant disease resistance, synthesizing growth-stimulating plant hormones, and suppressing pathogenic microorganisms. The application of biostimulants is both an environmentally friendly practice and a promising method that can enhance the sustainability of horticultural and agricultural production systems as well as promote the quantity and quality of foods. They can also reduce the global dependence on hazardous agricultural chemicals. Science Direct, Google Scholar, Springer Link, CAB Direct, Scopus, Springer Link, Taylor and Francis, Web of Science, and Wiley Online Library were checked, and the search was conducted on all manuscript sections in accordance with the terms Acinetobacter, Arthrobacter, Enterobacter, Ochrobactrum, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, Serratia, Streptomyces, Biostimulants, Plant growth promoting rhizobactera, and Stenotrophomonas. The aim of this manuscript is to survey the effects of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria by presenting case studies and successful paradigms in various agricultural and horticultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ali Soleymani
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81551-39998, Iran
- Plant Improvement and Seed Production Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81551-39998, Iran
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Sánchez-Urtaza S, Ocampo-Sosa A, Rodríguez-Grande J, El-Kholy MA, Shawky SM, Alkorta I, Gallego L. Plasmid content of carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates belonging to five International Clones collected from hospitals of Alexandria, Egypt. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1332736. [PMID: 38264728 PMCID: PMC10803598 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1332736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most important nosocomial pathogens worldwide. During the last decades it has become a major threat for healthcare settings due to the high antibiotic resistance rates among these isolates. Many resistance determinants are coded by conjugative or mobilizable plasmids, facilitating their dissemination. The majority of plasmids harbored by Acinetobacter species are less than 20 Kb, however, high molecular weight elements are the most clinically relevant since they usually contain antibiotic resistance genes. The aim of this work was to describe, classify and determine the genetic content of plasmids harbored by carbapem resistant A. baumannii isolates belonging to predominant clonal lineages circulating in hospitals from Alexandria, Egypt. The isolates were subjected to S1-Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis experiments to identify high molecular weight plasmids. To further analyze the plasmid content and the genetic localization of the antibiotic resistance genes, isolates were sequenced by Illumina Miseq and MinION Mk1C and a hybrid assembly was performed using Unicycler v0.5.0. Plasmids were detected with MOBsuite 3.0.3 and Copla.py v.1.0 and mapped using the online software Proksee.ca. Replicase genes were further analyzed through a BLAST against the Acinetobacter Plasmid Typing database. Eleven plasmids ranging in size from 4.9 to 205.6 Kb were characterized and mapped. All isolates contained plasmids, and, in many cases, more than two elements were identified. Antimicrobial resistance genes such as bla OXA-23, bla GES-like, aph(3')-VI and qacEΔ1 were found in likely conjugative large plasmids; while virulence determinants such as septicolysin or TonB-dependent receptors were identified in plasmids of small size. Some of these resistance determinants were, in turn, located within transposons and class 1 integrons. Among the identified plasmids, the majority encoded proteins belonging to the Rep_3 family, but replicases of the RepPriCT_1 (Aci6) family were also identified. Plasmids are of high interest as antibiotic resistance control tools, since they may be used as genetic markers for antibiotic resistance and virulence, and also as targets for the development of compounds that can inhibit transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Sánchez-Urtaza
- Laboratory of Antibiotics and Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Alain Ocampo-Sosa
- Microbiology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Health Research Institute (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Rodríguez-Grande
- Microbiology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Health Research Institute (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Mohammed A. El-Kholy
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Division of Clinical and Biological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport (AASTMT), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sherine M. Shawky
- Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Itziar Alkorta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Lucia Gallego
- Laboratory of Antibiotics and Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
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Chukamnerd A, Saipetch N, Singkhamanan K, Ingviya N, Assanangkornchai N, Surachat K, Chusri S. Association of biofilm formation, antimicrobial resistance, clinical characteristics, and clinical outcomes among Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia. THE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2024; 18:e13732. [PMID: 38286744 PMCID: PMC10784708 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biofilm formation is an important virulence factor of Acinetobacter baumannii. Here, we examined the biofilm formation of archived A. baumannii causing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). METHODS Eighteen and twenty isolates of A. baumannii causing bacteremic pneumonia and non-bacteremic pneumonia were included, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution method, while biofilm formation was evaluated by microtiter dish biofilm formation assay. RESULTS All 38 isolates were still susceptible to colistin and tigecycline, whereas almost all isolates were non-susceptible (intermediate to resistant) to several antimicrobial agents, especially ceftriaxone and cefotaxime. Approximately, 44% of bacteremic isolates and 50% of non-bacteremic isolates were classified as carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB). Biofilm formation was detected in 42% of the studied isolates. Bacteremia among the patients infected with biofilm-producing isolates was significantly higher than in those infected with non-biofilm-producing isolates. The antimicrobial susceptibilities of A. baumannii with biofilm formation were lower than those without biofilm formation, but the differences did not have statistical significance. The patients infected with non-biofilm-producing isolates had good clinical and non-clinical outcomes than those infected with biofilm-producing isolates. The survival rate of patients diagnosed with VAP due to biofilm-producing A. baumannii was lower than in those patients diagnosed with VAP due to non-biofilm-producing isolates. CONCLUSION Biofilm formation of A. baumannii causing VAP was associated with antimicrobial resistance and bacteremia as well as unfavorable clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnon Chukamnerd
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of MedicinePrince of Songkla UniversityHat YaiThailand
| | - Niwat Saipetch
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of MedicinePrince of Songkla UniversityHat YaiThailand
| | - Kamonnut Singkhamanan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of MedicinePrince of Songkla UniversityHat YaiThailand
| | - Natnicha Ingviya
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of MedicinePrince of Songkla UniversityHat YaiThailand
| | - Nawaporn Assanangkornchai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of MedicinePrince of Songkla UniversityHat YaiThailand
| | - Komwit Surachat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of MedicinePrince of Songkla UniversityHat YaiThailand
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Faculty of MedicinePrince of Songkla UniversityHat YaiThailand
| | - Sarunyou Chusri
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of MedicinePrince of Songkla UniversityHat YaiThailand
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Ghanipour F, Nazari R, Aghaei SS, Jafari P. Effect of lipopeptide extracted from Bacillus licheniformis on the expression of bap and luxI genes in multi-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1891-1907. [PMID: 37907777 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Recently, opportunistic pathogens like Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa have caused concern due to their ability to cause antibiotic resistance in weakened immune systems. As a result, researchers are always seeking efficient antimicrobial agents to tackle this issue. The hypothesis of the recent study was that probiotic products derived from bacteria would be effective in reducing drug resistance in other bacteria. This research aimed to investigate the antimicrobial properties of probiotic products from various bacterial strains, including Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Pediococcus acidilactisi, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus licheniformis. These were tested against multi-drug-resistant (MDR) standard strains A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa. B. licheniformis was found to be the most effective probiotic strain, possessing the LanA and LanM lantibiotic genes. The lipopeptide nature of the probiotic product was confirmed through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. The anti-biofilm and antimicrobial properties of this probiotic were measured using an SEM electron microscope and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. Real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to compare the expression of bap and luxI genes, which are considered virulence factors of drug-resistant bacteria, before and after treatment with antimicrobial agents. The MIC results showed that the probiotic product prevented the growth of bacteria at lower concentrations compared to antibiotics. In addition, the ΔΔCqs indicated that gene expression was significantly down-regulated following treatment with the obtained probiotic product. It was found that B. licheniformis probiotic products could reduce drug resistance in other bacteria, making it a potential solution to antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farangis Ghanipour
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, 15 Khordad Boulevard, Qom, Iran
| | - Razieh Nazari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, 15 Khordad Boulevard, Qom, Iran.
| | - Seyed Soheil Aghaei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, 15 Khordad Boulevard, Qom, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Jafari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, 3749113191, Iran
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Rodjun V, Montakantikul P, Houngsaitong J, Jitaree K, Nosoongnoen W. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) simulation for dosage optimization of colistin and sitafloxacin, alone and in combination, against carbapenem-, multidrug-, and colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1275909. [PMID: 38098659 PMCID: PMC10720588 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1275909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To the best of our knowledge, to date, no study has investigated the optimal dosage regimens of either colistin or sitafloxacin against drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) infections by using specific parameters. In the current study, we aimed to explore the optimal dosage regimens of colistin and sitafloxacin, either in monotherapy or in combination therapy, for the treatment of carbapenem-, multidrug-, and colistin-resistant A. baumannii infections. A Monte Carlo simulation was applied to determine the dosage regimen that could achieve the optimal probability of target attainment (PTA) and cumulative fraction of response (CFR) (≥90%) based on the specific parameters of each agent and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the clinical isolates. This study explored the dosage regimen of 90, 50, 30, and 10 mL/min for patients with creatinine clearance (CrCL). We also explored the dosage regimen for each patient with CrCL using combination therapy because there is a higher possibility of reaching the desired PTA or CFR. Focusing on the MIC90 of each agent in combination therapy, the dosage regimen for colistin was a loading dose of 300 mg followed by a maintenance dose ranging from 50 mg every 48 h to 225 mg every 12 h and the dosage regimen for sitafloxacin was 325 mg every 48 h to 750 mg every 12 h. We concluded that a lower-than-usual dose of colistin based on specific pharmacokinetic data in combination with a higher-than-usual dose of sitafloxacin could be an option for the treatment of carbapenem-, multidrug-, and colistin-resistant. A. baumannii. The lower dose of colistin might show a low probability of adverse reaction, while the high dose of sitafloxacin should be considered. In the current study, we attempted to find if there is a strong possibility of drug selection against crucial drug-resistant pathogen infections in a situation where there is a lack of new antibiotics. However, further study is needed to confirm the results of this simulation study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Preecha Montakantikul
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jantana Houngsaitong
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kamonchanok Jitaree
- Division of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
| | - Wichit Nosoongnoen
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Itani R, Khojah HMJ, Karout S, Rahme D, Hammoud L, Awad R, Abu-Farha R, Mukattash TL, Raychouni H, El-Lakany A. Acinetobacter baumannii: assessing susceptibility patterns, management practices, and mortality predictors in a tertiary teaching hospital in Lebanon. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2023; 12:136. [PMID: 38031181 PMCID: PMC10685635 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-023-01343-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acinetobacter baumannii is a major nosocomial pathogen capable of causing life-threatening infections. This bacterium is highly resistant to antibiotics and associated with high mortality rates. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate A. baumannii's susceptibility patterns to antimicrobials, assess the appropriateness of the initiated antimicrobial therapy, determine the mortality rate, and identify predictors associated with mortality. METHODS A retrospective observational study was conducted among patients infected with A. baumannii at a university hospital in Lebanon through the revision of medical records. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank tests were used to analyze time-to-mortality. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of mortality. RESULTS The records of 188 patients were screened, and 111 patients with A. baumannii infection were enrolled. Almost all isolates were resistant to carbapenem, and 43% of the isolates were extensively-drug resistant. Almost half of the patients received initial inappropriate antimicrobial therapy (n = 50, 45.1%). The 30-day mortality rate associated with A. baumannii infection was 71.2% (79/111). The time to mortality in patients who received inappropriate antimicrobial therapy (5.70 ± 1.07 days) was significantly shorter than in those who received appropriate antimicrobial therapy (12.43 ± 1.01 days, P < 0.01). Binary logistic regression revealed that inappropriate antimicrobial therapy (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 16.22, 95% CI 2.68-9.97, P = 0.002), mechanical ventilation (AOR = 14.72, 95% CI 3.27-6.61, P < 0.001), and thrombocytopenia (AOR = 8.82, 95% CI 1.12-9.75, P = 0.003) were more likely associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS A. baumannii exhibits an alarming mortality rate among infected patients. Thrombocytopenia, mechanical ventilation, and inappropriate antibiotic administration are associated with mortality in patients infected with A. baumannii. The prompt initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy, infection control measures, and effective stewardship program are crucial to reduce the incidence of A. baumannii and improve the treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Itani
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Riad El Solh, 1107 2809, P.O. Box: 11-5020, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hani M J Khojah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, P.O. Box: 30051, 41477, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar Karout
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Riad El Solh, 1107 2809, P.O. Box: 11-5020, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Deema Rahme
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Riad El Solh, 1107 2809, P.O. Box: 11-5020, Beirut, Lebanon
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lara Hammoud
- Pharmacy Department, Hammoud Hospital University Medical Center, Sidon, Lebanon
| | - Reem Awad
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Riad El Solh, 1107 2809, P.O. Box: 11-5020, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rana Abu-Farha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, P.O. Box: 11931, Amman, Jordan
| | - Tareq L Mukattash
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box: 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Hamza Raychouni
- Intensive Care Unit, Central Military Hospital, Military Healthcare, Lebanese Army, Beirut, Lebanon
- Intensive Care Unit, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abdalla El-Lakany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Riad El Solh, 1107 2809, P.O. Box: 11-5020, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Li W, Zheng T, Feng K, Ma Y, Liu J, Xu W, Cheng W, Xi X, Luo J. Bacterial distinctions in practical rural sewage collection systems caused by the location, season, and system type. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:117024. [PMID: 37657606 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria in rural sewage collection systems have the important influences on operation and maintenance risks, such as sedimentation blockage and harmful gas accumulation, and pollutant pre-treatment ability. It is necessary to analyze and interpret the influence on bacterial communities caused by the location (sewage, biofilms, and deposits), season (winter and spring, summer and autumn), and system type (sewers and ditches) to better understand the bacterial characteristics in rural sewage collection systems. To achieve the above purpose, 96 samples obtained from practical rural sewage collection systems in eight villages were analyzed by 16S rRNA whole region sequencing methods. The results indicate that locations and seasons caused significant influences on the overall bacterial communities, which were mainly affected by temperature, sewage quality and bacterial survival preference, and 13 genera of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), 2 genera of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), 2 genera of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), and 9 genera of water-related pathogenic bacteria (WPB) were detected in rural sewage collection systems. SRB, AOB, NOB, and WPB tended to inhabit in biofilms or deposits rather than in sewage. The total relative abundance of SRB in summer and autumn (∼2.19%) was higher than in winter and spring (∼0.41%), and the WPB distribution in different seasons showed significant distinction. Additionally, some of SRB, AOB, NOB, and WPB also showed significant differences in sewers and ditches. Overall, this study provided a deeper understanding of bacteria in rural sewage collection systems and could further provide the basic parameter for the operation and maintenance risk control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Li
- SCEGC No. 12 Construction Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Ankang National High-tech Industries Development Zone, Ankang, Shaanxi, 725000, China
| | - Tianlong Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Ke Feng
- Shaanxi Environmental Monitoring Center Station, Shaanxi Environmental Protection Building, No.106 Xiying Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Yingqun Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Wei Xu
- Changjiang Institute of Survey, Planning, Design and Research, Wuhan, Hubei, 430010, China.
| | - Wenhu Cheng
- SCEGC No. 12 Construction Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Ankang National High-tech Industries Development Zone, Ankang, Shaanxi, 725000, China
| | - Xiaopeng Xi
- SCEGC No. 12 Construction Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Ankang National High-tech Industries Development Zone, Ankang, Shaanxi, 725000, China
| | - Jianrong Luo
- SCEGC No. 12 Construction Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Ankang National High-tech Industries Development Zone, Ankang, Shaanxi, 725000, China
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Gimenes de Castro B, Mari Fredi B, Dos Santos Bezerra R, Alcantara QA, Milani Neme CE, Mascarelli DE, Carvalho Tahyra AS, Dos-Santos D, Nappi CR, Santos de Oliveira F, Pereira Freire F, Ballestero G, Menuci Lima JB, de Andrade Bolsoni J, Lourenço Gebenlian J, Lopes Bibo N, Soares Silva N, de Carvalho Santos N, Simionatto Zucherato V, Chagas Peronni K, Guariz Pinheiro D, Dias-Neto E, Gambero Gaspar G, Roberto Bollela V, da Silva Silveira V, Maria Fontes A, Maria Martinez-Rossi N, Nanev Slavov S, Paulo Bianchi Ximenez J, Barbosa F, Araújo Silva W. Metabarcoding approach to identify bacterial community profiling related to nosocomial infection and bacterial trafficking-routes in hospital environments. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2023; 86:803-815. [PMID: 37565650 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2243978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Nosocomial infections (NIs) appear in patients under medical care in the hospital. The surveillance of the bacterial communities employing high-resolution 16S rRNA profiling, known as metabarcoding, represents a reliable method to establish factors that may influence the composition of the bacterial population during NIs. The present study aimed to utilize high-resolution 16S rRNA profiling to identify high bacterial diversity by analyzing 11 inside and 10 outside environments from the General Hospital of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Brazil. Our results identified a high bacterial diversity, and among these, the most abundant bacterial genera linked to NIs were Cutibacterium, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Corynebacterium. A Acinetobacter was detected in cafeterias, bus stops, and adult and pediatric intensive care units (ICUs). Data suggest an association between transport and alimentation areas proximal to the hospital ICU environment. Interestingly, the correlation and clusterization analysis showed the potential of the external areas to directly influence the ICU pediatric department microbial community, including the outpatient's clinic, visitor halls, patient reception, and the closest cafeterias. Our results demonstrate that high-resolution 16S rRNA profiling is a robust and reliable tool for bacterial genomic surveillance. In addition, the metabarcoding approach might help elaborate decontamination policies, and consequently reduce NIs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Mari Fredi
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dos Santos Bezerra
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Regional Blood Center, General Hospital of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Queren Apuque Alcantara
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Center for Medical Genomics, General Hospital of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Douglas Dos-Santos
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Camilla Rizzo Nappi
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Giulia Ballestero
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Naira Lopes Bibo
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Kamila Chagas Peronni
- Department of the Research and Innovation, Institute for Cancer Research, Guarapuava, Parana, Brazil
| | - Daniel Guariz Pinheiro
- Department of Technology, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Dias-Neto
- Laboratory of Medical Genomics, International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Gambero Gaspar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Valdes Roberto Bollela
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa da Silva Silveira
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Aparecida Maria Fontes
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Nilce Maria Martinez-Rossi
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Svetoslav Nanev Slavov
- Regional Blood Center, General Hospital of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Bianchi Ximenez
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilson Araújo Silva
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Regional Blood Center, General Hospital of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of the Research and Innovation, Institute for Cancer Research, Guarapuava, Parana, Brazil
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Sladecek V, Senk D, Stolar P, Bzdil J, Holy O. Predominance of Acinetobacter pseudolwoffii among Acinetobacter species in domestic animals in the Czech Republic. VET MED-CZECH 2023; 68:419-427. [PMID: 38163045 PMCID: PMC10755813 DOI: 10.17221/65/2023-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to map the spectrum of microorganisms belonging to the genus Acinetobacter in domestic animals with a specific focus on the prevalence of Acinetobacter pseudolwoffii. Additionally, the susceptibility of isolates to antimicrobial agents was determined. In the period from January 1, 2014, to August 31, 2015, a total of 9 544 samples originating from gross lesions and pathological processes of animals exhibiting clinical symptoms of the disease were examined across 41 districts in the Czech Republic. The examinations were carried out using culture methods involving meat-peptone blood agar and Endo agar under aerobic conditions at a temperature of 37 ± 1 °C for 18-24 hours. Isolates were confirmed using molecular phenotypic method MALDI-TOF MS with the MBT Compass Library Revision L 2020 covering 3 239 species/entries (9 607 MSP) from Bruker Daltonics company. Out of the 108 isolates (prevalence 1.13%), 14 species of Acinetobacter spp. were identified, with 5 isolates remaining unclassified as species. A. pseudolwoffii was the predominant species isolated in 25 cases (prevalence 0.26%). Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined for 12 antimicrobials by the disc diffusion method, with A. pseudolwoffii isolates exhibiting the lowest susceptibility to ceftazidime (32%) and co-trimoxazole (60%).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Senk
- Ptacy s.r.o, Valasska Bystrice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Stolar
- Ptacy s.r.o, Valasska Bystrice, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Bzdil
- Ptacy s.r.o, Valasska Bystrice, Czech Republic
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Holy
- Science and Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Natarajan A, Das S, Chaudhary N. Microbial Profile of Tourniquets Used in Phlebotomy at a Rural Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital. Cureus 2023; 15:e49328. [PMID: 38143681 PMCID: PMC10748832 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Reusable phlebotomy tourniquets may become contaminated through repeated use on the skin surfaces of multiple patients, the hands of healthcare workers, or various surfaces. Noncompliance with the protocol guidelines for managing tourniquets can contribute to the cross-transmission of microorganisms among patients. This study was conducted to determine the microbial flora and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of reusable phlebotomy tourniquets. Methodology Tourniquets were randomly sampled across the different areas of the hospital and were transported to the microbiology laboratory for isolation, identification, and antibiotic susceptibility testing of microorganisms using standard microbiological techniques. Results The overall bacterial colonization rate of the 50 tourniquets was 80%. The most prevalent isolate on tourniquets was Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (9, 22.54%), followed by Micrococcus (6, 15%), Staphylococcus aureus (5, 12.5%), diphtheroid (5, 12.5%), Acinetobacter (4, 10%) Enterococcus (3, 7.5%), Pseudomonas (3, 7.5%), Bacillus (3, 7.5%), and Escherichia coli (2, 5%). Conclusions Regular surveillance and disinfection of reusable tourniquets in resource-poor settings are recommended to decrease healthcare infections and the transmission of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Natarajan
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research (SDUAHER), Kolar, IND
| | - Subhashish Das
- Department of Pathology, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research (SDUAHER), Kolar, IND
| | - Nikhil Chaudhary
- Department of Pathology, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research (SDUAHER), Kolar, IND
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Agodi A, Montineri A, Manuele R, Noto P, Carpinteri G, Castiglione G, Grassi P, Lazzara A, Mattaliano AR, Granvillano G, La Mastra C, La Rosa MC, Maugeri A, Barchitta M. Molecular Typing and Resistance Profile of Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings from the "EPIRADIOCLINF" Project. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1551. [PMID: 37887252 PMCID: PMC10603994 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a shift in focus towards controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2, which has resulted in the neglect of traditional programs aimed at preventing healthcare-associated infections and combating antimicrobial resistance. The present work aims to characterize the colonization or infection with Acinetobacter baumannii of COVID-19 patients and to identify any clonality between different isolates. Specifically, data and resistance profiles of A. baumannii isolates were prospectively collected from patients recruited by the EPIRADIOCLINF project. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) were used for molecular typing. Overall, we analyzed 64 isolates of A. baumannii from 48 COVID-19 patients. According to our analysis, we have identified the spread of a clonally related isolate, referred to as B. The PFGE pattern B includes four subtypes: B1 (consisting of 37 strains), B2 (11), B3 (5), and B4 (2). Furthermore, in the isolates that were examined using MLST, the most observed sequence type was ST/281. In terms of resistance profiles, 59 out of the total isolates (92.2%) were found to be resistant to gentamicin, carbapenems, ciprofloxacin, and tobramycin. The isolation and identification of A. baumannii from COVID-19 patients, along with the high levels of transmission observed within the hospital setting, highlight the urgent need for the implementation of effective prevention and containment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Agodi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.L.M.); (M.C.L.R.); (A.M.); (M.B.)
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico AOUP “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.M.); (R.M.); (G.C.); (A.L.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Arturo Montineri
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico AOUP “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.M.); (R.M.); (G.C.); (A.L.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Rosa Manuele
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico AOUP “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.M.); (R.M.); (G.C.); (A.L.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Paola Noto
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico AOUP “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.M.); (R.M.); (G.C.); (A.L.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Carpinteri
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico AOUP “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.M.); (R.M.); (G.C.); (A.L.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Giacomo Castiglione
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico AOUP “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.M.); (R.M.); (G.C.); (A.L.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Patrizia Grassi
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico AOUP “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.M.); (R.M.); (G.C.); (A.L.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Antonio Lazzara
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico AOUP “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.M.); (R.M.); (G.C.); (A.L.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Anna Rita Mattaliano
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico AOUP “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.M.); (R.M.); (G.C.); (A.L.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Giuseppa Granvillano
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico AOUP “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.M.); (R.M.); (G.C.); (A.L.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Claudia La Mastra
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.L.M.); (M.C.L.R.); (A.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Maria Clara La Rosa
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.L.M.); (M.C.L.R.); (A.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Andrea Maugeri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.L.M.); (M.C.L.R.); (A.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Martina Barchitta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.L.M.); (M.C.L.R.); (A.M.); (M.B.)
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Nartey YA, Donkor AB, Siaw ADJ, Ekor OE, Jimah BB. Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Bloodstream Infection in a Ghanaian Patient with Unilateral Diaphragmatic Eventration and HIV Type 1 Infection. Case Rep Infect Dis 2023; 2023:9930291. [PMID: 37867582 PMCID: PMC10586909 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9930291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection is a critically prioritized pathogen by the World Health Organization and a cause for growing concern due to increased mortality among hospitalised patients. Phrenic nerve palsy is a rare complication of herpes zoster infection of the C3, C4, and C5 nerve roots. We present a case of bloodstream carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii infection in a Ghanaian patient with HIV type 1 infection and multiple risk factors, including unilateral diaphragmatic eventration with compression atelectasis likely secondary to phrenic nerve palsy due to herpes zoster infection, consequently leading to recurrent hospital and ICU admission. In this case, we emphasize the need for clinicians in LMICs to be aware of CRAB, in order to advocate for the availability of evidence-based medicines in resource-limited settings for appropriate treatment. In addition, we illustrate the importance of a high index of suspicion for infection with carbapenem-resistant organisms such as A. baumannii and highlight a rare and severe complication of herpes zoster infection in the form of phrenic nerve palsy and consequent diaphragmatic eventration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Ayerki Nartey
- Department of Medicine, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | | | | | - Oluwayemisi Esther Ekor
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Bashiru Babatunde Jimah
- Department of Medical Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Minerdi D, Loqui D, Sabbatini P. Monooxygenases and Antibiotic Resistance: A Focus on Carbapenems. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1316. [PMID: 37887026 PMCID: PMC10604202 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Carbapenems are a group of broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics that in many cases are the last effective defense against infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, such as some strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Resistance to carbapenems has emerged and is beginning to spread, becoming an ongoing public-health problem of global dimensions, causing serious outbreaks, and dramatically limiting treatment options. This paper reviews the role of flavin monooxygenases in antibiotic resistance, with a specific focus on carbapenem resistance and the recently discovered mechanism mediated by Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases. Flavin monooxygenases are enzymes involved in the metabolism and detoxification of compounds, including antibiotics. Understanding their role in antibiotic resistance is crucial. Carbapenems are powerful antibiotics used to treat severe infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, the rise of carbapenem-resistant strains poses a significant challenge. This paper explores the mechanisms by which flavin monooxygenases confer resistance to carbapenems, examining molecular pathways and genetic factors. Additionally, this paper highlights the discovery of Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases' involvement in antibiotic resistance. These enzymes catalyze the insertion of oxygen atoms into specific chemical bonds. Recent studies have revealed their unexpected role in promoting carbapenem resistance. Through a comprehensive analysis of the literature, this paper contributes to the understanding of the interplay between flavin monooxygenases, carbapenem resistance, and Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases. By exploring these mechanisms, it aims to inform the development of strategies to combat antibiotic resistance, a critical global health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Minerdi
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy;
| | - Davide Loqui
- Emergency Department, Città della Salute e della Scienza of Turin, 10100 Turin, TO, Italy;
| | - Paolo Sabbatini
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy;
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Rodríguez de León IR, Venegas Barrera CS, Gaona García G, Azuara Domínguez A, Rosas Mejía M. Ants of Mexico: Distribution and species richness in environments with varying levels of human impact. Biodivers Data J 2023; 11:e109794. [PMID: 38318522 PMCID: PMC10840408 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.11.e109794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Anthropogenic disturbance, primarily driven by land-use changes, has caused alterations in ecosystems and biodiversity, including the ant community. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the current landscape of ant species richness and distribution in environments with varying degrees of disturbance in Mexico. Additionally, we sought to identify ant species of ecological, economic and health significance within the country. New information The present study shows that Mexico has a total of 33,286 records of 1,104 ant species belonging to 10 subfamilies. These species were recorded in a wide variety of environments with different levels of human impact. It was observed that both highly-disturbed environments and undisturbed environments had the highest number of ant records. In undisturbed environments, greater species richness was recorded, with a total of 704 species. Furthermore, the most representative ant species for the country were identified in ecological, economic and human health contexts. Within these species, a group composed of four exotic species (Tapinomamelanocephalum, Paratrechinalongicornis, Wasmanniaauropunctata and Linepithemahumile) deserves special attention, as they have achieved extensive dispersion throughout the country and have been associated with negative impacts in ecological, economic and human health realms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzel Rubí Rodríguez de León
- Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Instituto de Ecología Aplicada, Cd. Victoria, MexicoUniversidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Instituto de Ecología AplicadaCd. VictoriaMexico
| | - Crystian S. Venegas Barrera
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Cd. Victoria, MexicoDivisión de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Tecnológico Nacional de MéxicoCd. VictoriaMexico
| | - Griselda Gaona García
- Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, “Dr. Norberto Treviño Zapata”, Cd. Victoria, MexicoUniversidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, “Dr. Norberto Treviño Zapata”Cd. VictoriaMexico
| | - Ausencio Azuara Domínguez
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Cd. Victoria, MexicoDivisión de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Tecnológico Nacional de MéxicoCd. VictoriaMexico
| | - Madai Rosas Mejía
- Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, “Dr. Norberto Treviño Zapata”, Cd. Victoria, MexicoUniversidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, “Dr. Norberto Treviño Zapata”Cd. VictoriaMexico
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Mahami T, Odai BT, Nettey SN, Asamoah A, Adjei I, Offei B, Mireku A, Ayeh EA, Ocloo FC. Microbial food safety of lettuce produced under irrigated wastewater from Onyasia River in Ghana. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19273. [PMID: 37662740 PMCID: PMC10474412 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fresh produce continues to be the main source of foodborne illness outbreaks, particularly in developing countries where water stress results in the use of surface wastewater all year round for irrigation of vegetables. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the microbial quality of lettuce irrigated with wastewater from Onyasia river. Lettuce and soil were sampled from selected vegetable farms on the Eastern gate of the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission land alongside surface wastewater from the Onyasia river, which is used as the main source for irrigation. Samples were analyzed for aerobic mesophilic plate counts, total coliforms count, fecal coliforms count, Salmonella counts and intestinal parasites using standard methods. Surface wastewater was found to be contaminated with mean fecal coliform counts of log 3.50 cfu/100 mL. Enterobacter cloacae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Klebsiella pneumonia were also isolated from the wastewater samples. No intestinal parasite egg was detected in wastewater samples. While fecal coliforms and Salmonella spp were not detected, mean aerobic mesophilic plate counts (log 4.82 cfu/g) and total coliforms count (log 3.50 cfu/g) were recorded in the lettuce samples. Enterobacter asburiae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella variicola and Citrobacter freundii were isolated from lettuce. Infective larvae of helminths were observed on lettuce samples at a density of 36/g-648/g with a mean of 342/g. Soil samples recorded a mean aerobic mesophilic plate counts of log 6.14 cfu/g, total coliforms count of log 4.90 cfu/g while fecal coliforms and Salmonella spp were not detected (<1 cfu/g) Soil samples yielded a mean infective larval count of 1941.5 larvae/g and a Strongyle count of 12 eggs/g. Even though less than 1 cfu/g of Salmonella spp were found, the study found lettuce to be contaminated with other foodborne bacteria pathogens, opportunistic bacteria pathogens, eggs and infective larvae of intestinal parasites of health importance. As a consequence, the microbial food safety risk associated with wastewater irrigated vegetables was observed to be high with possible public health implications. It is recommended that wastewater from the Onyasia River should be treated before use for irrigation of lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahiru Mahami
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute (BNARI), GAEC, Accra, Ghana
| | - Bernard T. Odai
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute (BNARI), GAEC, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel N.A. Nettey
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute (BNARI), GAEC, Accra, Ghana
| | - Anita Asamoah
- National Nuclear Research Institute (NNRI), GAEC, Accra, Ghana
| | - Isaac Adjei
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute (BNARI), GAEC, Accra, Ghana
| | - Benjamin Offei
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute (BNARI), GAEC, Accra, Ghana
| | - Abigail Mireku
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute (BNARI), GAEC, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ernestina A. Ayeh
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute (BNARI), GAEC, Accra, Ghana
| | - Fidelis C.K. Ocloo
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute (BNARI), GAEC, Accra, Ghana
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26
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Hlinkova S, Moraucikova E, Lesnakova A, Strzelecka A, Littva V. Central Line Associated Bloodstream Infections in Critical Ill Patients during and before the COVID-19 Pandemic. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2415. [PMID: 37685449 PMCID: PMC10487552 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11172415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the rates of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI), its etiology, and risk factors in critically ill patients, because Slovakia was one of the countries experiencing a high burden of COVID-19 infections, and hospitals faced greater challenges in preventing and managing CLABSI; (2) Methods: A retrospective analysis of CLABSI data from all patients admitted to adult respiratory intensive care units before and during COVID-19 pandemic was conducted. We followed the guidelines of the Center for Disease Control surveillance methodology for CLABSI. Data were analyzed using STATISTICA 13.1; (3) Results: We analyzed the data of 803 ICU patients hospitalized for 8385 bed days, with 7803 central line days. Forty-five CLABSI events were identified. The CLABSI rate significantly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before the COVID-19 pandemic (2.81 versus 7.47 events per 1000 central line days, (p < 0.001). The most frequently identified pathogens causing CLABSI were Gram-negative organisms (60.20%). The risk factors found to increase the probability of developing CLABSI were length of stay (OR = 1.080; 95% Cl: 1.057-1.103; p < 0.001) and COVID-19 (OR = 5.485; 95% Cl: 32.706-11.116; p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with increases in CLABSI in ICUs. These data underscore the need to increase efforts in providing surveillance of CLABSI and implementing infection prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Hlinkova
- Faculty of Health, Catholic University in Ružomberok, Námestie Andreja Hlinku 48, 034 01 Ružomberok, Slovakia; (E.M.); (A.L.); (V.L.)
| | - Eva Moraucikova
- Faculty of Health, Catholic University in Ružomberok, Námestie Andreja Hlinku 48, 034 01 Ružomberok, Slovakia; (E.M.); (A.L.); (V.L.)
| | - Anna Lesnakova
- Faculty of Health, Catholic University in Ružomberok, Námestie Andreja Hlinku 48, 034 01 Ružomberok, Slovakia; (E.M.); (A.L.); (V.L.)
| | - Agnieszka Strzelecka
- Institute of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Kochanowski University, Al. IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Vladimir Littva
- Faculty of Health, Catholic University in Ružomberok, Námestie Andreja Hlinku 48, 034 01 Ružomberok, Slovakia; (E.M.); (A.L.); (V.L.)
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Jalali Y, Liptáková A, Jalali M, Payer J. Moving toward Extensively Drug-Resistant: Four-Year Antimicrobial Resistance Trends of Acinetobacter baumannii from the Largest Department of Internal Medicine in Slovakia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1200. [PMID: 37508296 PMCID: PMC10376473 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A. baumannii imposes a great burden on medical systems worldwide. Surveillance of trends of antibiotic resistance provides a great deal of information needed for antimicrobial stewardship programmes nationwide. Clinical data from long-term, continuous surveillance on trends of antibiotic resistance of A. baumannii in Slovakia is missing. One hundred and forty-nine samples of A. baumannii were isolated over a period of four years. A panel of 19 antibiotics from seven antibiotic categories were tested for the bacterium's susceptibility. Resistance results were evaluated, and the significance of patterns was estimated using simple linear regression analysis. All isolates were more than 85% resistant to at least 13 out of the 19 tested antibiotics. A significant rise in resistance was recorded for aminoglycosides and imipenem from 2019 to 2022. Colistin and ampicillin-sulbactam have been the only antibiotics maintaining more than 80% efficacy on the bacterium to date. A significant rise in extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains among carbapenem-resistant (CR) isolates has been recorded. Multidrug-resistance (MDR) among all A. baumannii isolates and XDR among CR strains of the bacterium have risen significantly in the last four years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashar Jalali
- Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 5th Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Bratislava, Ružinov, Špitálska 24, 813 72, and Ružinovská 4810/6, 821 01 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Adriána Liptáková
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Špitálska 24, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Jalali
- Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 5th Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Bratislava, Ružinov, Špitálska 24, 813 72, and Ružinovská 4810/6, 821 01 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Payer
- Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 5th Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Bratislava, Ružinov, Špitálska 24, 813 72, and Ružinovská 4810/6, 821 01 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Al-Rashed N, Bindayna KM, Shahid M, Saeed NK, Darwish A, Joji RM, Al-Mahmeed A. Prevalence of Carbapenemases in Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates from the Kingdom of Bahrain. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1198. [PMID: 37508294 PMCID: PMC10376280 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acinetobacter baumannii is regarded as a significant cause of death in hospitals. The WHO recently added carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) to its global pathogen priority list. There is a dearth of information on CRAB from our region. METHODS Fifty CRAB isolates were collected from four main hospitals in Bahrain for this study. Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility tests were carried out using the BD PhoenixTM and VITEK-2 compact, respectively. Using conventional PCR, these isolates were further screened for carbapenem resistance markers (blaOXA-51, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-24, blaOXA-40, blaIMP, blaNDM, blaVIM, and blaKPC). RESULTS All of the isolates were resistant to imipenem (100%), meropenem (98%), and cephalosporins (96-98%), followed by other commonly used antibiotics. All these isolates were least resistant to gentamicin (64%). The detection of resistance determinants showed that the majority harbored blaOXA-51 (100%) and blaIMP (94%), followed by blaOXA-23 (82%), blaOXA-24 (46%), blaOXA-40 (14%), blaNDM (6%), blaVIM (2%), and blaKPC (2%). CONCLUSION The study isolates showed a high level of antibiotic resistance. Class D carbapenemases were more prevalent in our CRAB isolate collection. The resistance genes were found in various combinations. This study emphasizes the importance of strengthening surveillance and stringent infection control measures in clinical settings to prevent the emergence and further spread of such isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf Al-Rashed
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine & Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama P.O. Box 26671, Bahrain
| | - Khalid M Bindayna
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine & Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama P.O. Box 26671, Bahrain
| | - Mohammad Shahid
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine & Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama P.O. Box 26671, Bahrain
| | - Nermin Kamal Saeed
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology Section, Al- Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama P.O. Box 12, Bahrain
| | - Abdullah Darwish
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology Section, Bahrain Defense Force Hospital, West Riffa P.O. Box 28743, Bahrain
| | - Ronni Mol Joji
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine & Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama P.O. Box 26671, Bahrain
| | - Ali Al-Mahmeed
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine & Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama P.O. Box 26671, Bahrain
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Keshavarz F, Dorfaki M, Bardania H, Khosravani F, Nazari P, Ghalamfarsa G. Quercetin-loaded Liposomes Effectively Induced Apoptosis and Decreased the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression in Colorectal Cancer Cells: An In Vitro Study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 48:321-328. [PMID: 37791331 PMCID: PMC10542927 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2022.95272.2658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Quercetin is a flavonoid having anti-cancer properties; however, it has low stability, insufficient bioavailability, and poor solubility. This study aimed to load quercetin on nanoliposomes to enhance its efficiency against SW48 colorectal cancer cells. The cytotoxicity of free-quercetin and quercetin-loaded nanoliposomes on the expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGER) gene was investigated. Methods This present in vitro study was conducted at Yasuj University of Medical Sciences (Yasuj, Iran) in 2021. In this in vitro study, the lipid thin-film hydration method was used to synthesize quercetin-loaded liposomes. Additionally, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations were used to characterize nanomaterials. Following that, MTT, flow cytometry, and real-time PCR were used to investigate the cytotoxicity of quercetin-loaded liposomes on the colorectal cancer cells SW48 cell line, the incidence of apoptosis, and the expression of the EGFR gene in these cells. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS (version 26.0), and the graphs were created with the GraphPad Prism version 8.4.3. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The nanoparticles were spherical, homogenous, and 150±10 nm in size. According to HPLC, Quercetin had a 98% loading capacity. Although both free quercetin and quercetin-loaded liposomes indicated significant cytotoxicity against cancer cells (P˂0.001), the combined form was significantly more active (P=0.008). 50 µg/mL of this compound reduced the viability of SW48 cells by more than 80% (IC50 10.65 µg/mL), while the viability of cells treated with free quercetin was only 66% (IC50 18.74 µg/mL). The apoptosis was nearly doubled in the cells treated with quercetin-loaded nanoliposomes compared to free quercetin (54.8% versus 27.6%). EGFR gene expression, on the other hand, was significantly lower in cells treated with quercetin-loaded liposomes than the quercetin alone (P=0.006). Conclusion When combined with nanoliposomes, quercetin had greater anti-proliferative, apoptotic, and anti-EGFR expression than free quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Keshavarz
- Department of Immunology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Dorfaki
- Department of Immunology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Bardania
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khosravani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Paria Nazari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Ghasem Ghalamfarsa
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
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Tawfick MM, Adulall AK, El-Kholy AA, Manakhly ARE. Mutation-based fluoroquinolone resistance in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli isolates causing catheter-related bloodstream infections. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2023; 17:18-25. [PMID: 37151743 PMCID: PMC10155246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We studied the presence of mutations in the chromosomal quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of the fluoroquinolone targets gyrA and parC genes and detected the carbapenem resistance (CR) encoding genes among Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli isolates from catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs). Methods The study included 39 non-duplicate isolates of A. baumannii (14/39, 35.9%) and E. coli (25/39, 64.1%) isolated from 128 confirmed CRBSIs cases. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed, followed by an evaluation of biofilm formation using the tissue culture plate method. The carbapenemase encoding genes were detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The mutations in QRDRs of gyrA and parC genes were determined by singleplex PCR amplification followed by DNA sequencing and BlastN analysis in the GenBank database. DNA and the translated amino acid sequences were analyzed using the Mega7 bioinformatics tool. Results Multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli and A. baumannii isolates harbored CR encoding genes and combined gyrA and parC genes mutation. The specific substitutions observed in GyrA were Cys173Arg, Cys174Gly, Asp80Val, Tyr178ASP, Tyr84Gly, Glu85Lys, Ser172Leu, and Asp176Asn, while the specific substitutions observed in the ParC amino acid sequence were point mutation 62 Arg, Phe60Leu, Ils66Val, and Gln76Lys. Point mutation 62Arg was detected in two A. baumannii isolates, whereas Ser172Leu mutation was observed in two E. coli isolates. Conclusion The presence of new single and multiple mutations in QRDR causes the emergence of MDR E. coli and A. baumannii infections in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Egypt, requiring further investigation in Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M. Tawfick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Nasr City, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer K. Adulall
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amani A. El-Kholy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Arwa Ramadan El Manakhly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, Egypt
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Despotović A, Milić N, Cirković A, Milošević B, Jovanović S, Mioljević V, Obradović V, Kovačević G, Stevanović G. Incremental costs of hospital-acquired infections in COVID-19 patients in an adult intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital from a low-resource setting. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2023; 12:39. [PMID: 37085906 PMCID: PMC10120483 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-023-01240-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are a global public health problem and put patients at risk of complications, including death. HAIs increase treatment costs, but their financial impact on Serbia's healthcare system is unknown. Our goal was to assess incremental costs of HAIs in a tertiary care adult intensive care unit (ICU) that managed COVID-19 patients. METHODS A retrospective study from March 6th to December 31st, 2020 included patients with microbiologically confirmed COVID-19 (positive rapid antigen test or real-time polymerase chain reaction) treated in the ICU of the Teaching Hospital for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Centre of Serbia. Demographic and HAI-specific data acquired in our ICU were collected, including total and stratified medical costs (services, materials, laboratory testing, medicines, occupancy costs). Median total and stratified costs were compared in relation to HAI acquisition. Linear regression modelling was used to assess incremental costs of HAIs, adjusted for age, biological sex, prior hospitalisation, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) on admission. Outcome variables were length of stay (LOS) in days and mortality. RESULTS During the study period, 299 patients were treated for COVID-19, of which 214 were included. HAIs were diagnosed in 56 (26.2%) patients. Acinetobacter spp. was the main pathogen in respiratory (38, 45.8%) and bloodstream infections (35, 42.2%), the two main HAI types. Median total costs were significantly greater in patients with HAIs (€1650.4 vs. €4203.2, p < 0.001). Longer LOS (10.0 vs. 18.5 days, p < 0.001) and higher ICU mortality (51.3% vs. 89.3%, p < 0.001) were seen if HAIs were acquired. Patients with ≥ 2 HAIs had the highest median total costs compared to those without HAIs or with a single HAI (€1650.4 vs. €3343.4 vs. €7336.9, p < 0.001). Incremental costs in patients with 1 and ≥ 2 HAIs were €1837.8 (95% CI 1257.8-2417.7, p < 0.001) and €5142.5 (95% CI 4262.3-6022.7, p < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS This is the first economic evaluation of HAIs in Serbia, showing significant additional costs to our healthcare system. HAIs prolong LOS and influence ICU mortality rates. Larger economic assessments are needed to enhance infection control practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksa Despotović
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Nataša Milić
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Anđa Cirković
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Milošević
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Teaching Hospital for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snežana Jovanović
- Department of Microbiology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Mioljević
- Department of Hospital Epidemiology and Nutrition Hygiene, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Obradović
- Teaching Hospital for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Kovačević
- Teaching Hospital for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Stevanović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Teaching Hospital for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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Odabaş Köse E, Koyuncu Özyurt Ö, Bilmen S, Er H, Kilit C, Aydemir E. Quercetin: Synergistic Interaction with Antibiotics against Colistin-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040739. [PMID: 37107101 PMCID: PMC10135113 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumannii are now a global problem that requires the immediate development of new antimicrobial drugs. Combination therapy is one of the strategies used to solve this problem. Based on this information, the purpose of this study was to determine whether quercetin (QUE), in combination with three antibiotics, is effective against colistin-resistant A. baumannii strains (ColR-Ab). The effects of the combination of QUE with colistin (COL), amikacin (AMK), and meropenem (MEM) were evaluated according to the checkerboard synergy test. The combinations of QUE + COL and QUE + AMK showed synergistic activity on ColR-Ab strains with FICI values in the range of 0.1875-0.5 and 0.1875-0.2825, respectively. A 4- to 16-fold decrease in COL MIC and a 16- to 64-fold decrease in AMK MIC values were detected. Synergistic activity was confirmed by the time-kill test, and these combinations were found to be bactericidal at the end of 24 h. According to spectrophotometric measurements, the combinations of QUE + COL and QUE + AMK induced membrane damage, leading to the leakage of nucleic acids. Cell lysis and cell death were confirmed with SEM observations. The detected synergy offers an opportunity for the future development of treatment strategies for potential infections caused by ColR-Ab strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Odabaş Köse
- Vocational School of Health Services, Akdeniz University, 07058 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Özlem Koyuncu Özyurt
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Süreyya Bilmen
- Vocational School of Health Services, Akdeniz University, 07058 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hakan Er
- Vocational School of Health Services, Akdeniz University, 07058 Antalya, Turkey
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Cansu Kilit
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Esra Aydemir
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
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Hosseinnezhad-Lazarjani E, Doosti A, Sharifzadeh A. Novel csuC-DNA nanovaccine based on chitosan candidate vaccine against infection with Acinetobacter baumannii. Vaccine 2023; 41:2170-2183. [PMID: 36841724 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generating vaccines is a promising and effective method for stopping the spread of Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) infections that are becoming more and more drug-resistant (MDR). Developing a DNA vaccine and testing its efficacy and protective effects in BALB/c mice were the goals of this research. METHODS We examined the genomes of 35 different strains of A. baumannii using the Vaxign online program, and we selected outer membrane and secreted proteins as potential vaccine candidates. Next, the proteins' immunogenicity, antigenic features, physical and chemical characteristics, and B and MHCI/II cell epitope concentrations were assessed. The DNA vaccine was synthesized. Then, to generate CS-DNA nanoparticles, the DNA vaccine was e encapsulated by chitosan (CS) nanoparticles (NPs). BALB/c mice were used to assess the vaccine's immunogenicity and immunoprotective effectiveness. RESULTS CS-DNA NPs were nontoxic, positively charged (4.39 mV), and small (mean size of 285-350 nm) with ostensibly spherical shapes. It was possible to establish a continuously slow release profile and a high entrapment efficiency (78.12 %). CS-DNA vaccinated BALB/c mice elicited greater levels of csuC-specific IgG in plasma and IFN-γ in splenocyte lysate compared with non-encapsulated DNA vaccine. In addition, BALB/c mice immunized with CS-DNA nanovaccine showed decreased lung damage and bacterial loads in the lung and blood, as well as significant immunity (87.5 %) versus acute fatal intratracheal A. baumannii challenge. CONCLUSION In conclusion, acute fatal intratracheal A. baumannii exposure was prevented by CS-DNA NPs that induced specific IgG antibodies, Th1 cellular immunity, and other protective mechanisms. Our findings show that this nanovaccine is a promising contender for stopping the spread of A. baumannii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abbas Doosti
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ali Sharifzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
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Santajit S, Bhoopong P, Kong-Ngoen T, Tunyong W, Horpet D, Paehoh-ele W, Zahedeng T, Pumirat P, Sookrung N, Hinthong W, Indrawattana N. Phenotypic and Genotypic Investigation of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Maharaj Nakhon Si Thammarat Hospital, Thailand. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030580. [PMID: 36978447 PMCID: PMC10044629 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is well known as a causative agent of severe hospital-acquired infections, especially in intensive care units. The present study characterised the genetic traits of biofilm-forming carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) clinical isolates. Additionally, this study determined the prevalence of biofilm-producing A. baumannii isolates from a tertiary care hospital and investigated the association of biofilms with the distribution of biofilm-related and antibiotic resistance-associated genotypes. (2) Methods: The 995 non-duplicate A. baumannii isolates were identified, and their susceptibilities to different antibiotics were determined using the disk diffusion method. Using the modified microtiter plate assay, the CRAB isolates were investigated for their biofilm formation ability. Hemolysin and protease activities were determined. CRABs were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays targeting blaVIM, blaNDM, blaIMP, blaOXA-23-like, blaOXA-24-like, blaOXA-51-like, csuE and pgaB genes. Individual CRAB isolates were identified for their DNA fingerprint by repetitive element sequence-based (REP)-PCR. (3) Results: Among all A. baumannii isolates, 172 CRABs were identified. The major antibiotic resistance gene among the CRAB isolates was blaOXA-51-like (100%). Ninety-nine isolates (57.56%) were biofilm producers. The most prevalent biofilm gene was pgaB (79.65%), followed by csuE (76.74%). Evidence of virulence phenotypes revealed that all CRAB exhibited proteolytic activity; however, only four isolates (2.33%) were positive for the hemolytic-producing phenotype. REP-PCR showed that 172 CRAB isolates can be divided into 36-DNA fingerprint patterns. (4) Conclusions: The predominance of biofilm-producing CRAB isolates identified in this study is concerning. The characterisation of risk factors could aid in controlling the continual selection and spreading of the A. baumannii phenotype in hospitals, thereby improving patient care quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirijan Santajit
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Research Center in Tropical Pathobiology, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Phuangthip Bhoopong
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Thida Kong-Ngoen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Witawat Tunyong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Dararat Horpet
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Wanfudhla Paehoh-ele
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Tasneem Zahedeng
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Pornpan Pumirat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Nitat Sookrung
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Biomedical Research Incubator Unit, Department of Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Woranich Hinthong
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Nitaya Indrawattana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-2-354-9100 (ext. 1598)
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Hafiz TA, Alghamdi SS, Mubaraki MA, Alghamdi SSM, Alothaybi A, Aldawood E, Alotaibi F. A two-year retrospective study of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii respiratory infections in critically Ill patients: Clinical and microbiological findings. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:313-319. [PMID: 36641839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acinetobacter baumannii infection is a serious public health problem because it is highly resistant to antimicrobial therapy and causes a high fatality rate in critically ill patients. The aim of the study is to examine the demographics, microbiological findings, clinical presentation, and outcomes of multi-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii respiratory infections in adult ICU intubated patients during COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This study included 115 mechanically ventilated adult ICU patients who had multi-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii retrieved from respiratory samples during the COVID-19 pandemic in Albaha, Saudi Arabia. The information was obtained from medical and laboratory files. Univariate analysis was used to compare gender, COVID-19 infection, and outcomes. RESULTS The rate of Acinetobacter baumanni respiratory infections among adult ICU patients was 6.2 %. Almost 93 % developed ventilator-associated pneumonia, and five of them developed bacteremia. The isolates had significant antibiotic resistance patterns, of which 3 % were pandrug-resistant bacteria. The death rate was 74 %, with major risk factors including sepsis, septic shock, VAP, liver diseases, and the use of inappropriate antibiotic therapy that lacked both colistin and tigecycline. Patients with COVID-19 coinfection had worse outcomes compared to non-COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSIONS The identification of MDR-AB as a threat highlights the importance of surveillance studies in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghreed A Hafiz
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shahad S Alghamdi
- Microbiology Department, Regional Laboratory and Central Blood Bank, Albaha 65715, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Murad A Mubaraki
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shymaa S M Alghamdi
- Hematology Department, Regional Laboratory and Central Blood Bank, Albaha 65715, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Esraa Aldawood
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawziah Alotaibi
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
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Genomic Diversity, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Biofilm Formation of Clinical Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates from Horses. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030556. [PMID: 36985130 PMCID: PMC10051319 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter (A.) baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that causes severe infections in humans and animals, including horses. The occurrence of dominant international clones (ICs), frequent multidrug resistance, and the capability to form biofilms are considered major factors in the successful spread of A. baumannii in human and veterinary clinical environments. Since little is known about A. baumannii isolates from horses, we studied 78 equine A. baumannii isolates obtained from clinical samples between 2008 and 2020 for their antimicrobial resistance (AMR), clonal distribution, biofilm-associated genes (BAGs), and biofilm-forming capability. Based on whole-genome sequence analyses, ICs, multilocus (ML) and core-genome ML sequence types (STs), and AMR genes were determined. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by microbroth dilution. A crystal violet assay was used for biofilm quantification. Almost 37.2% of the isolates were assigned to IC1 (10.3%), IC2 (20.5%), and IC3 (6.4%). Overall, the isolates revealed high genomic diversity. We identified 51 different STs, including 22 novel STs (ST1723–ST1744), and 34 variants of the intrinsic oxacillinase (OXA), including 8 novel variants (OXA-970 to OXA-977). All isolates were resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cephalexin, cefpodoxime, and nitrofurantoin. IC1-IC3 isolates were also resistant to gentamicin, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. All isolates were susceptible to imipenem. Thirty-one multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates mainly accumulated in the IC1-IC3 groups. In general, these isolates showed less biofilm formation (IC1 = 25.0%, IC2 = 18.4%, IC3 = 15.0%) than the group of non-IC1-IC3 isolates (58.4%). Isolates belonging to the same ICs/STs revealed identical BAG patterns. BAG blp1 was absent in all isolates, whereas bfmR and pgaA were present in all isolates. At the level of the IC groups, the AMR status was negatively correlated with the isolates’ ability to form a biofilm. A considerable portion of equine A. baumannii isolates revealed ICs/STs that are globally present in humans. Both an MDR phenotype and the capability to form biofilms might lead to therapeutic failures in equine medicine, particularly due to the limited availability of licensed drugs.
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Abdel Halim RM, Saber SM, Fahim NAE. Evaluation of synergistic activity of antibiotic combinations in extensive drug-resistant Acinetobacter species using checkerboard assay. J Med Microbiol 2023; 72. [PMID: 36762530 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Acinetobacter is one of the challenging drug-resistant organisms that can endanger patients' lives if not treated properly.Aim. This study was designed to investigate the activity of three synergistic antimicrobial combinations against extensive drug-resistant Acinetobacter isolates; ampicillin/sulbactam plus amikacin, ampicillin/sulbactam plus ciprofloxacin, and meropenem plus amikacin.Methodology. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of 100 XDR-Acinetobacter isolates were determined using the Vitek2 system. The broth micro-dilution method was performed to determine tigecycline MIC. Checkerboard assay was used to evaluate in vitro activity of the three antibiotic combinations.Results. MIC results by the Vitek 2C system revealed that all Acinetobacter isolates were resistant to all tested antibiotics except for colistin against which no resistance was reported. As for tigecycline, all isolates were susceptible. Regarding MIC results of each antibiotic, all isolates were resistant to meropenem and ciprofloxacin. While 95 % of isolates were resistant to both ampicillin/sulbactam and amikacin. The activities of antibiotic combinations by checkerboard assay were as follows: ampicillin/sulbactam plus amikacin was synergic in 52 %, additive 40 % and indifferent in 8 % of isolates, ampicillin/sulbactam plus ciprofloxacin was synergic in 40 %, additive 46 % and indifferent in 14 % of isolates, meropenem/amikacin combination was synergic in 22 %, additive in 49 % of isolates and indifferent in 29 % of isolates. No antagonistic activity was detected against any of the tested antibiotic combinations.Conclusion. Ampicillin/sulbactam plus amikacin showed the highest synergistic activity followed by ampicillin/sulbactam plus ciprofloxacin. This reflects the value of adding aminoglycosides to either of a β-lactam or quinolone. The tested antibiotic combinations are promising treatment options for XDR-Acinetobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania M Abdel Halim
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sally M Saber
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha Alaa Eldin Fahim
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Zhao Y, Zhu Y, Zhang H, Zhang L, Li J, Ye Y. Molecular tracking of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates: a multicentre study over a 4-year period across eastern China. J Med Microbiol 2023; 72. [PMID: 36762540 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Colonization by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) causes therapeutic and economic problems for critically ill patients.Gap Statement. The analysis of CRAB in China was limited to certain regions.Aims. To investigate the antibiotic susceptibility, molecular characterization and clonal relationship among CRAB isolates from multiple hospitals of eastern China.Methodology. Isolates from 29 tertiary hospitals from September 2015 to September 2018 were recovered. All strains were analysed using antimicrobial susceptibility testing to detect their tolerance. PCR was also used to detect multiple β-lactamase genes. After multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of seven house-keeping genes. eBURST was used to assess clonal complexes and explore evolutionary relationships.Results. All isolates showed resistance to carbapenems, while remaining susceptible to colistin and tigecycline. All isolates were detected with bla OXA-51 gene by PCR, and 80.1 % harboured the bla OXA-23 gene. The prevalence of blaOXA-23 gene was remarkably increased from 50.7 % in 2015 to 90.5 % in 2018. Other genes such as bla OXA-24, bla OXA-58, bla IMP-2/4, bla VIM-2, bla SHV, bla AmpC and bla TEM were also obtained. While bla KPC, bla NDM-1, bla IMP-4 and bla SIM-1 were not found in these strains. MLST showed all isolates could be divided into 26 known sequence types (STs) and ten novel STs and 47.2 % isolates belong to ST195 and ST208. eBURST revealed clonal complex 92 as the major clonal complex (98.4 %), which includes 88.5 % (23/26) of known STs and 80 % (8/10) of unknown STs. Phylogenetic analysis also found that almost all CRAB isolates could cluster into one lineage, suggesting an epidemic of this CRAB lineage. This indicated severe nosocomial infections of CRAB in multiple hospitals of eastern China.Conclusion. An outbreak of ST195 and ST208 CRAB-resistant clones with bla OXA-23 gene might be happening in multiple hospitals in eastern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayun Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Auhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China.,Institute of Bacterium Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China.,Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Hefei, PR China
| | - Yunzhu Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Auhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China.,Institute of Bacterium Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China.,Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Hefei, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Auhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China.,Institute of Bacterium Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China.,Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Hefei, PR China
| | - Lingyan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Auhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China.,Institute of Bacterium Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China.,Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Hefei, PR China
| | - Jiabin Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Auhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China.,Institute of Bacterium Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China.,Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Hefei, PR China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Ying Ye
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Auhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China.,Institute of Bacterium Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China.,Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Hefei, PR China
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Lv J, Lin X, Liu M, Yan X, Liang H, Ji C, Li S, Zhang S, Chen Y, Zhu B. Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae LXPSC1 on microorganisms and metabolites of sour meat during the fermentation. Food Chem 2023; 402:134213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Editorial on the Research Topic of the Special Issue "Current Status of Acinetobacter Infections". Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020219. [PMID: 36839491 PMCID: PMC9960586 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging bacterial infections will continue to be an important issue for public health, mostly because of the constant changes on our earth [...].
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Ghadiri A, Doosti A, Shakhsi-Niaei M. Prevalence, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Distribution of Virulence Genes Involved in Biofilm Formation in Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated from Shahrekord Medical Centers, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.30699/ijmm.17.1.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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Sannathimmappa M. Global escalation in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections: Serious threat to human health from the pink corner. BIOMEDICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH JOURNAL (BBRJ) 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_366_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
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Intensification in Genetic Information and Acquisition of Resistant Genes in Genome of Acinetobacter baumannii: A Pan-Genomic Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3186343. [PMID: 36605106 PMCID: PMC9810410 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3186343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) attributes 26% of the mortality rate in hospitalized patients, and the percentage can rise to 46 in patients admitted to ICU as it is a major cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia. It has been nominated as the critical priority organism by WHO for which new therapeutic drugs are urgently required. To understand the genomic identification of different strains, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and epidemiological typing of organisms, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis provides insight to explore new epitopes to develop new drugs against the organism. Therefore, the study is aimed at investigating the whole genome sequence of A. baumannii strains to report the new intensifications in its genomic profile. The genome sequences were retrieved from the NCBI database system. Pan-genome BPGA (Bacterial Pan-genome Analysis Tool) was used to analyze the core, pan, and species-specific genome analysis. The pan and core genome curves were extrapolated using the empirical power law equation f(x) = a.xb and the exponential equation f1(x) = c.e (d.x). To identify the resistant genes with resistant mutations against antibiotics, ResFinder and Galaxy Community hub bioinformatics tools were used. According to pan-genome analysis, there were 2227 core genes present in each species of the A. baumannii genome. Furthermore, the number of accessory genes ranged from 1182 to 1460, and the unique genes in the genome were 931. There were 325 exclusively absent genes in the genome of Acinetobacter baumannii. The pan-genome analysis showed that there is a 5-fold increase in the genome of A. baumannii in 5 years, and the genome is still open. There is the addition of multiple unique genes; among them, genes participating in the function of information and processing are increased.
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Mohamed HMA, Abd-Elhafeez HH, Al-Jabr OA, El-Zamkan MA. Characterization of Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated from Raw Milk. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121845. [PMID: 36552354 PMCID: PMC9775129 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is an opportunistic pathogen associated with nosocomial infections. In this study, 100 raw milk samples were collected from Qena, Egypt, and subjected to conventional and molecular assays to determine the presence of A. baumannii and investigate their antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation. Our findings revealed that, among the 100 samples, Acinetobacter spp. were found in 13 samples based on CHROM agar results. We further characterized them using rpoB and 16S-23SrRNA sequencing and gyrB multiplex PCR analysis and confirmed that 9 out of the 13 Acinetobacter spp. isolates were A. baumannii and 4 were other species. The A. baumannii isolates were resistant to β-lactam drugs, including cefotaxime (44%), ampicillin-sulbactam and levofloxacin (33.3% for each), imipenem, meropenem and aztreonam (22.2% for each). We observed different antimicrobial resistance patterns, with a multi-antibiotic resistant (MAR) index ranging from 0.2 to 0.3. According to the PCR results, blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23 genes were amplified in 100% and 55.5% of the A. baumannii isolates, respectively, while the blaOXA-58 gene was not amplified. Furthermore, the metallo-β-lactamases (MBL) genes blaIMP and blaNDM were found in 11.1% and 22.2% of isolates, respectively, while blaVIM was not amplified. Additionally, eight A. baumannii isolates (88.8%) produced black-colored colonies on Congo red agar, demonstrating their biofilm production capacity. These results showed that, besides other foodborne pathogens, raw milk should also be examined for A. baumannii, which could be a public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hams M. A. Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Hanan H. Abd-Elhafeez
- Department of Cells and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Omar A. Al-Jabr
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona A. El-Zamkan
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
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Šilha D, Syrová P, Syrová L, Janečková J. Smoothie Drinks: Possible Source of Resistant and Biofilm-Forming Microorganisms. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244039. [PMID: 36553778 PMCID: PMC9778333 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoothie drinks are currently very popular drinks sold especially in fast food establishments. However, smoothies are a significant source of microorganisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of smoothies purchased in Eastern Bohemia. A higher prevalence of mesophilic aerobic bacteria (5.4-7.2 log CFU/mL), yeast (4.4-5.9 log CFU/mL) and coliform bacteria (3.1-6.0 log CFU/mL) was observed in vegetable smoothies, in which even the occurrence of enterococci (1.6-3.3 log CFU/mL) was observed. However, the occurrence of S. aureus, Salmonella spp. and Listeria spp. was not observed in any samples. Nevertheless, antimicrobial resistance was observed in 71.8% of the isolated strains. The highest level of resistance was found in isolates from smoothie drinks with predominantly vegetable contents (green smoothie drinks). Considerable resistance was observed in Gram-negative rods, especially to amoxicillin (82.2%) and amoxicillin with clavulanic acid (55.6%). Among enterococci, only one vancomycin-resistant strain was detected. The vast majority of isolated strains were able to form biofilms at a significant level, which increases the clinical importance of these microorganisms. The highest biofilm production was found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Kocuria kristinae and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Overall, significant biofilm production was also noted among isolates of Candida spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Šilha
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532-10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Petra Syrová
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532-10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Syrová
- Department of Infectious Diagnostics, Hospital of the Pardubice Region, Jana Evangelisty Purkyně 652, 570-14 Litomysl, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Janečková
- Department of Infectious Diagnostics, Hospital of the Pardubice Region, Jana Evangelisty Purkyně 652, 570-14 Litomysl, Czech Republic
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Sepahvand S, Madani M, Sepahvand H, Davarpanah MA. Comparative assessment of the mouse immune responses to colistin-resistant and colistin-sensitive isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105834. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Sirijatuphat R, Thawornkaew S, Ruangkriengsin D, Thamlikitkul V. Colistin Monotherapy versus Colistin plus Sitafloxacin for Therapy of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Infections: A Preliminary Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121707. [PMID: 36551364 PMCID: PMC9774251 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro study of sitafloxacin against carbapenem-resistant (CR) Acinetobacter baumannii demonstrated activity against most strains of CR A. baumannii, and the combination of colistin and sitafloxacin showed an in vitro synergistic effect against CR A. baumannii. This study aimed to compare efficacy and safety between colistin plus sitafloxacin with colistin alone for therapy for CR A. baumannii infection. This randomized controlled trial enrolled 56 patients with CR A. baumannii infection (28/group) during 2018-2021, and the treatment duration was 7-14 days. The study outcomes were 28-day mortality, clinical and microbiological responses, and adverse events. There was no significant difference in 28-day mortality between groups (32.1% combination vs. 32.1% monotherapy, p = 1.000). Favorable clinical response at the end of treatment was comparable between groups (81.5% combination vs. 77.8% monotherapy, p = 0.788). Microbiological response at the end of treatment was also comparable between groups (73.1% combination vs. 74.1% monotherapy, p = 0.934). Acute kidney injury was found in 53.8% of the combination group, and in 45.8% of the monotherapy group (p = 0.571). In conclusion, there was no significant difference in 28-day mortality between the colistin monotherapy and the colistin plus sitafloxacin groups. There was also no significant difference in adverse events between groups.
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de Dios R, Gadar K, McCarthy RR. A high-efficiency scar-free genome-editing toolkit for Acinetobacter baumannii. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:3390-3398. [PMID: 36216579 PMCID: PMC9704439 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current mutagenesis tools for Acinetobacter baumannii leave selection markers or residual sequences behind, or involve tedious counterselection and screening steps. Furthermore, they are usually adapted for model strains, rather than for MDR clinical isolates. OBJECTIVES To develop a scar-free genome-editing tool suitable for chromosomal and plasmid modifications in MDR A. baumannii AB5075. METHODS We prove the efficiency of our adapted genome-editing system by deleting the multidrug efflux pumps craA, cmlA5 and resistance island 2 (RI2), as well as curing plasmid p1AB5075, and combining these mutations. We then characterized the susceptibility of the mutants compared with the WT to different antibiotics (i.e. chloramphenicol, amikacin and tobramycin) by disc diffusion assays and determined the MIC for each strain. RESULTS We successfully adapted the genome-editing protocol to A. baumannii AB5075, achieving a double recombination frequency close to 100% and routinely securing the construction of a mutant within 10 working days. Furthermore, we show that both CraA and p1AB5075 are involved in chloramphenicol resistance, and that RI2 and p1AB5075 play a role in resistance to amikacin and tobramycin. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a versatile and highly efficient genome-editing tool for A. baumannii. We have demonstrated it can be used to modify both the chromosome and native plasmids. By challenging the method, we show the role of CraA and p1AB5075 in antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén de Dios
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, Centre of Inflammation Research and Translational Medicine, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Kavita Gadar
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, Centre of Inflammation Research and Translational Medicine, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
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Adeniji OO, Ojemaye MO, Okoh AI. Antibacterial Activity of Metallic Nanoparticles against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens Isolated from Environmental Samples: Nanoparticles/Antibiotic Combination Therapy and Cytotoxicity Study. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:4814-4826. [PMID: 36153972 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant organisms have increased the prevalence of infectious diseases and have become the leading source of death globally. The adverse effects associated with conventional antibiotics cannot be underestimated, and as a result, the quest for antibacterial agents has received great attention over the years. Therefore, the current research was designed to synthesize and examine the antibacterial properties of two metallic nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs), as well as their antibiotic combination therapy against multidrug-resistant bacteria. AgNPs and ZnONPs were synthesized by the coprecipitation method and characterized. Thereafter, their antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria was investigated using the microdilution technique. Subsequently, the interactions between the synthesized nanoparticles and antibiotics were evaluated by checkerboard assay. Time-kill assays were carried out to assess bacteriostatic or bactericidal effects, and the cytotoxicity study was carried out by MTT assay. The SEM analysis of AgNPs and ZnONPs were spherical with an average size of 21.03 and 43.37 nm, respectively. FTIR analysis showed the characteristics of the metal-oxygen vibrational band for both materials around 450 cm-1, which indicated the successful synthesis of these antibacterial agents. The EDX characterization revealed Zn and O with 77.89% and 18.24% abundance in ZnONPs and Ag with 95.65% abundance in AgNPs. UV-vis absorption spectra of AgNPs was obtained around 400 nm. ZnONPs showed a moderate antibacterial effect against Enterococcus species with a MIC range of 2.5-5 mg/mL, while AgNPs demonstrated a strong antibacterial effect against the tested bacterial strains with a MIC range of 0.078-0.039 mg/mL. The ZnONPs were found to be cytotoxic against Vero cell lines at the tested concentrations, whereas AgNPs had no cytotoxic effect at lower concentrations. Their combination activities showed synergetic and additive effects. These findings revealed that these synthesized materials could serve as alternate antibacterial agents against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumanni and Enterococcus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseun Ola Adeniji
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Mike Onyewelehi Ojemaye
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, PO Box 27272 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Islam MM, Kim D, Kim K, Park SJ, Akter S, Kim J, Bang S, Kim S, Kim J, Lee JC, Hong CW, Shin M. Engineering of lysin by fusion of antimicrobial peptide (cecropin A) enhances its antibacterial properties against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:988522. [PMID: 36225352 PMCID: PMC9549208 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.988522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii, a nosocomial pathogen, are multidrug-resistant (MDR), fueling the search for alternative therapies. Bacteriophage-derived endolysins have potent antibacterial activities and are considered as alternatives to antibiotics against A. baumannii infection. Gram-negative bacteria possess outer lipid membrane that prevents direct contact between the endolysins and the cell wall. We hypothesized that the fusion of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) with endolysin could help to reduce bacterial endolysin resistance and increase antimicrobial activity by membrane permeability action. Accordingly, we fused cecropin A, a commonly used AMP, with the N-terminus of AbEndolysin, which enhances the bactericidal activity of the chimeric endolysin. The bactericidal activity of cecropin A-fused AbEndolysin increased by at least 2–8 fold for various MDR A. baumannii clinical isolates. The in vitro bactericidal activity results also showed higher bacterial lysis by the chimeric endolysin than that by the parental lysin. The engineered AbEndolysin (eAbEndolysin) showed synergistic effects with the beta-lactam antibiotics cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and aztreonam, and an additive effect with meropenem and imipenem. eAbEndolysin had no cytotoxic effect on A549 cell line and rescued mice (40% survival rate) from systemic A. baumannii infection. Together, these findings suggest the potential of lysin therapy and may prompt its use as an alternative to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Maidul Islam
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Dooyoung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kyeongmin Kim
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Functional Bio-material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Samia Akter
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jeongah Kim
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seunghyeok Bang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Shukho Kim
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jungmin Kim
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Je Chul Lee
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chang-Won Hong
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Minsang Shin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Minsang Shin,
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