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Sampsonidis I, Michailidou K, Spritinoudi K, Dimitriadi A, Ainali NM, Bobori DC, Lambropoulou DA, Kyzas GZ, Bikiaris DN, Kalogiannis S. Genotoxicity and metabolic changes induced via ingestion of virgin and UV-aged polyethylene microplastics by the freshwater fish Perca fluviatilis. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142619. [PMID: 38880257 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The present study aims to compare and assess the toxicity induced by aged (irradiated with ultraviolet radiation for 120 days) polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) in comparison to virgin (non-irradiated) ones, after feeding the freshwater fish Perca fluviatilis. To this end, MPs mediated genotoxicity was assessed by the investigation of micronucleus nuclear abnormalities frequency in fish blood, and the degree of DNA damage in the liver and muscle tissues, while metabolic alterations were also recorded in both tissues. Results showed that both virgin and aged PE-MPs induced signaling pathways leading to DNA damage and nuclear abnormalities, as well as metabolites changes in all tissues studied. Metabolic changes revealed that the metabolism of nucleic acids, energy, amino acids, and neurotransmitters was more disrupted in the liver and by aged PE-MPs compared to muscles. Fish fed with aged PE-MPs exhibited greater DNA damage, while blood cells of fish fed with virgin PE-MPs seemed to be more vulnerable to nuclear abnormalities in relation to those fed with aged PE-MPs. Moreover, aged PE-MPs induced more acute overall effects on the metabolic profiles of fish tissues, and initiated stronger stress responses, inflammation, and cellular damages in fish tissues in relation to virgin ones. Characterization of both virgin and aged MPs revealed that the latter exhibited lower crystallinity and melting point, more irregular shapes and higher moiety of oxygen and carbonyl groups, which could be attributed for their observed higher toxicity. The research outcomes provide significant insights for advancing toxicological investigations in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Sampsonidis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, GR-57400, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kostantina Michailidou
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece; Laboratory of Ichthyology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Spritinoudi
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece; Laboratory of Ichthyology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Nina Maria Ainali
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece; Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra C Bobori
- Laboratory of Ichthyology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra A Lambropoulou
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece; Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, GR-570 01, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Z Kyzas
- Hephaestus Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Kavala, GR-654 04, Greece
| | - Dimitrios N Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Stavros Kalogiannis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, GR-57400, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Santos HDAGD, Kitamura RSA, Soares GDCB, Dos Santos MP, Miranda LPDS, Mela M, Vitule JRS, Grassi MT, Cestari MM, Padial AA, Silva de Assis HC. Assessing the water quality in a World Heritage Site using biomarkers in top fish predators. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172072. [PMID: 38575033 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The use of biomarkers in fish for biomonitoring is a valuable approach to reveal effects of human impacts on biota health. Top predator fish are effective models for monitoring human activities' impacts on aquatic ecosystems. The Guaraguaçu River is the largest river-system on coastal region of South Brazil and a World Heritage site. The river receives contaminants from disorderly urban growth, including discharges of domestic sewage and small fishery boats, particularly during the tourist season. Our study aimed to assess impact of anthropogenic activities on water quality in the Guaraguaçu River by analyzing environmental contamination biomarkers in the top fish predator Hoplias malabaricus. Fish were collected using a fyke net trap across sectors representing a gradient of anthropic impact: sector 1 - pristine; sector 2 - impacted; and sector 3 - less impacted. Water samples were collected to analyze the presence of trace elements and pesticide. Biomarkers of the antioxidant system, histopathology, genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and concentration of trace elements were analyzed in fish tissues. In water samples Al, Fe and Mn were detected, but no pesticides were found. In fish muscle, zinc and iron were detected. Brain acetylcholinesterase activity decreased in impacted sectors, indicating neurotoxic effects. The antioxidant system increased activity in gills and liver, and damage from lipoperoxidation was observed, particularly in sector 2 when compared to sector 1, suggesting oxidative stress. Histopathological biomarkers revealed lesions in the liver and gills of fish in impacted sectors. Micronuclei, a genotoxicity biomarker, were observed in organisms from all sectors. Our results demonstrate detrimental effects of poor water quality on biota health, even when contaminants are not detected in water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Shinji Akiyama Kitamura
- Ecology and Conservation Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81530-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19071, 81530-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Maritana Mela
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81537-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Jean Ricardo Simões Vitule
- Ecology and Conservation Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81530-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19011, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marco Tadeu Grassi
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19032, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marta Margarete Cestari
- Ecology and Conservation Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81530-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19071, 81530-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Andre Andrian Padial
- Ecology and Conservation Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81530-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Botany, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Helena Cristina Silva de Assis
- Ecology and Conservation Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81530-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81530-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Řehulka J, Bradík J. Study of the frequencies of erythrocyte abnormalities as in situ biomarkers of genotoxic risk of chemicals in special fish stock in water supply reservoirs. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2024; 47:e13909. [PMID: 38151724 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
In three water-supply reservoirs in the catchment area of the Odra River (Czech Republic), a special fish stock was monitored for control of health to estimate the mutagenic effect of chemicals. The results contribute to obtaining initial information about the morphology of erythrocyte abnormalities classified in 21 categories in 16 fish species in reservoirs with abundant salmonids (the Morávka Reservoir) or with the prevalence of cyprinids (the Kružberk and Šance Reservoirs), not directly exposed to the adverse environmental effects such as industrial, urban, agricultural and intensive farming activities. The different intensities and prevalence of nuclear abnormalities (NA) and cytoplasmic abnormalities (CA) in fish from the same reservoir habitat show that to be able to obtain an objective view of the genotoxic risk of chemicals, it is necessary to respect the different requirements of the fish for the exploitation of the food available in the biotope and to subject all representatives of piscivorous, omnivorous and benthophagous fishes in the reservoir to cytogenetic analysis. The occurrence of certain categories of erythrocyte abnormalities in diseased fish draws attention to the need to know the state of health of the fish and to employ this knowledge to exclude parasitological, viral and other infectious agents. These results are the first report of the frequencies of erythrocyte abnormalities in native fish. They should serve to check which of the categories examined could be of use in assessing the genotoxic risk in other stagnant and running aquatic ecosystems affected by anthropogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Řehulka
- Department of Zoology, Silesian Museum, Opava, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Bradík
- Mathematical Institute, Silesian University in Opava, Opava, Czech Republic
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Silva JGD, Chagas CA, Souza TGDS, Araújo MCD, Araújo LCAD, Santos AMM, Sá RADQCD, Alves RBDO, Rodrigues RHA, Silva HPD, Malafaia G, Bezerra RDS, Oliveira MBMD. Using structural equation modeling to assess the genotoxic and mutagenic effects of heavy metal contamination in the freshwater ecosystems: A study involving Oreochromis niloticus in an urban river. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169529. [PMID: 38160826 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Chemical pollutants represent a leading problem for aquatic ecosystems, as they can induce genetic, biochemical, and physiological changes in the species of these ecosystems, thus compromising their adaptability and survival. The Capibaribe River runs through the state of Pernambuco, located in Northeastern Brazil, and passes through areas of agricultural cultivation, densely populated cities, and industrial centers, primarily textiles. Despite its importance, few ecotoxicological studies have been conducted on its environment, and knowledge about pollution patterns and their effects on its biota is still being determined. The objective of this study was to evaluate the water quality and the damage supposed to be caused by pollutants on the DNA specimens of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) obtained from seven strategic points of Capibaribe. Tilapia specimens and water were collected during the rainy and dry seasons from 2015 to 2017. The following characteristics were analyzed: physicochemical (six), metal concentration (seven), local pluviosity, micronuclei, and comet assay. The physicochemical and heavy metal analyses were exploratory, whereas the ecotoxicological analyses were hypothetical. To verify this hypothesis, we compared the groups of fish collected to the results of the micronuclei test and comet assay. We created a Structural Equation Model (SEM) to determine how each metal's micronuclei variables, damage index, pluviosity, and concentration were related. Our results demonstrated that the highest values for markers of genetic damage were detected at points with the highest heavy metal concentrations, especially iron, zinc, manganese, chromium, and cadmium. The SEM demonstrated that metals could explain the findings of the genotoxicity markers. Moreover, other pollutants, such as pesticides, should be considered, mainly where the river passes through rural areas. The results presented here demonstrate that the Capibaribe River has different degrees of contamination and confirm our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordany Gomes da Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Cristiano Aparecido Chagas
- Laboratório de Ciências Morfológicas e Moleculares, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE - CAV), Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | | | - Marlyete Chagas de Araújo
- Laboratório de Enzimologia, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - André Maurício Melo Santos
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE - CAV), Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Rosner Henrique Alves Rodrigues
- Instituto para Redução de Riscos e Desastres de Pernambuco -IRRD, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Núcleo de Geoprocessamento e Sensoriamento Remoto - GEOSERE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Hernande Pereira da Silva
- Instituto para Redução de Riscos e Desastres - IRRD/UFRPE, Núcleo de Geoprocessamento e Sensoriamento Remoto - GEOSERE/UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí Campus, Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento, 2.5 km, Zona Rural, Urutaí, GO, Brazil.
| | - Ranilson de Souza Bezerra
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Bioquímica, Laboratório de Enzimologia, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Maria Betânia Melo de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Rubio-Vargas DA, Morais TPD, Randi MAF, Filipak Neto F, Martins CDC, Oliveira AP, Nazário MG, Ferreira FCADS, Opuskevitch I, Penner D, Esquivel-Muelbert J, Prodocimo MM, Choueri RB, Oliveira Ribeiro CAD. Pollutant bioaccumulation in sentinel fish chronically exposed in Iguaçu river reservoirs (Southern Brazil) and human health risk of fish consumption. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140812. [PMID: 38036225 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccumulation studies in fish mark the initial phase of assessing the risk of chemical exposure to biota and human populations. The Iguaçu River boasting a diverse endemic ichthyofauna, is grappling with the repercussions of human activities. This study delved into the bioaccumulation of micropollutants, the early-warning effects on Rhamdia quelen and Oreochomis niloticus in the Segredo Reservoir (HRS) and the potential risk of human exposure. Two groups of caged fish in three sites of the reservoir were exposed during the autumn-winter and spring-summer, while a third group (O. niloticus) underwent a twelve-month exposure, and inorganic and organic chemicals analysis in water, sediment, and biota. Additionally, metallothionein expression and genotoxicity were employed as biomarkers. PAHs, PCBs, Al, Cu, Fe, and As in water and DDTs, Cu, Zn, and As in sediment surpassed the thresholds set by Brazilian regulations, where DDT exhibited bioaccumulation in muscle, alongside metals in liver, kidney, gills, and muscle tissues. R. quelen showed metallothionein expression whereas DNA damage and NMA frequencies were elevated in target organs and in brain and erythrocytes of O. niloticus during summer. In this species the DNA damage in liver was remarkable after twelve months. Target Hazard Quotients and Cancer Risk values shedding light on the vulnerability of both children and adults. The reservoir's conditions led to heightened sensitivity to micropollutants for R. quelen species. The data presented herein provides decision-makers with pertinent insights to facilitate effective management and conservation initiatives within the Iguaçu Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dámaso Angel Rubio-Vargas
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Tobias Pereira de Morais
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Ferreira Randi
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Francisco Filipak Neto
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - César de Castro Martins
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça Do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Andrea Pinto Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mariana Gallucci Nazário
- Laboratório de Análises Ambientais, Setor Litoral, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 83260-000, Matinhos, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Iracema Opuskevitch
- Copel GeT-SOS/DNGT - Rua José Izidoro Biazetto, N(o). 18. Bloco A, CEP 81200-240, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Dieter Penner
- Copel GeT-SOS/DNGT - Rua José Izidoro Biazetto, N(o). 18. Bloco A, CEP 81200-240, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Juan Esquivel-Muelbert
- Estação de Piscicultura Panamá, Est. Geral Bom Retiro, CEP 88490-000, Paulo Lopes, Santa Catarina, Brazil; School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Maritana Mela Prodocimo
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Brasil Choueri
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto Do Mar, Departamento de Ciências Do Mar, MarineTox_Lab, Rua Maria Máximo 168, CEP 11030-100, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ciro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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Dutta D, Ray A, Ghosh B, Bahadur M. Assessment of imidacloprid induced genotoxicity in Pethia conchonius (Rosy barb), a common freshwater fish of India. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024; 47:101-114. [PMID: 37326304 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2023.2222931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid is one of the highly efficient, globally used neonicotinoid groups of insecticides. The indiscriminate use of imidacloprid is contaminating large water bodies affecting not only the target organisms but also non-target organisms including fish. The present study aimed to assess the extent of nuclear DNA damage by imidacloprid in Pethia conchonius a freshwater fish in India using comet and micronucleus assays. The LC50 value of imidacloprid was estimated to be 227.33 mg L-1. Based on the LC50-96 h value, three sub-lethal concentrations of imidacloprid, SLC I -18.94 mg L-1, SLC II -28.41 mg L-1 and SLC III -56.83 mg L-1 were used to detect its genotoxic effect at DNA and cellular level. The imidacloprid exposed fishes exhibited higher DNA damage and nuclear abnormalities (p < 0.05) than the control. The %head DNA, %tail DNA, tail length and the frequency of micronuclei with other nuclear abnormalities like blebbed and notched nuclei were significantly higher than the control in a time and concentration-dependent manner. The DNA damage parameters such as %head DNA (29.107 ± 1.843), %tail DNA (70.893 ± 1.843), tail length (361.431 ± 8.455) micronucleus (1.300 ± 0.019), notched (0.844 ± 0.011) and blebbed (0.811 ± 0.011) nuclei were found to be highest for SLC III (56.83 mg L-1) at 96 h. The findings indicate that IMI is highly genotoxic in fish and other vertebrates leading to mutagenic/clastogenic effects. The study will be helpful in optimization of the imidacloprid use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debojit Dutta
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, India
| | - Arpita Ray
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, India
| | - Bappaditya Ghosh
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, India
| | - Min Bahadur
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, India
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Muzaffar I, Jabeen G, Kanwal Z, Manzoor F. Evaluation of cyto-genotoxicity biomarkers, changes in histology and antioxidant defense system of Oreochromis niloticus induced by the industrial effluents. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 104:104309. [PMID: 37924962 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic pollution mainly by industrial effluents has been a major concern since a few decades. The current study evaluated cyto-genotoxicity of industrial effluents on Oreochromis niloticus exposed to sublethal levels by hematotoxicity, blood biochemistry analysis, micronucleus assay, antioxidants and cerebral toxicity. The significant elevation in differential leukocytes of exposed fish was indicative of infections and compromised immune system. The acute and chronic industrial effluent exposure caused significant decline in aspartame transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) and renal function enzymes. Necrosis, hyperplastic growth, hypertrophy and toxicant accumulation exhibited cerebral toxicity potential of industrial toxicants. A significant decrease in antioxidants, GSH, SOD and catalase (0.14, 0.66 and 1549 unit/mg protein) in chronic exposure group in comparison to 0.18, 2.83, 7680 and 6200.8 values of GSH, SOD, GPx and CAT, respectively. Results showed that acute and chronic industrial effluent exposure caused genotoxicity with higher frequencies of formation of micronuclei and cytokaryotic fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Muzaffar
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ghazala Jabeen
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Zakia Kanwal
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farkhanda Manzoor
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Córdoba-Tovar L, Marrugo-Negrete J, Ramos Barón PA, Calao-Ramos CR, Díez S. Toxic metal(loids) levels in the aquatic environment and nuclear alterations in fish in a tropical river impacted by gold mining. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115517. [PMID: 36804317 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Atrato River basin was protected by Colombian law due to anthropogenic impacts, mainly from illegal gold mining, which triggered a critical environmental health problem. In this study we quantified mercury (Hg), methylmercury (MeHg) and arsenic (As) concentrations in aquatic environmental matrices, and explored for the first-time nuclear degenerations in fish from the Atrato River. The median concentrations (μg/kg) for T-Hg, MeHg and As in fish were 195.0, 175.5, and 30.0; in sediments (μg/kg) 165.5, 13.8 and 3.1; and in water (ng/L), 154.7 for T-Hg and 2.1 for As. A 38% and 10% of the fish exceeded the WHO limit for the protection of populations at risk (200 μg Hg/kg) and for human consumption (500 μg Hg/kg); while As concentrations were below the international standard (1000 μg/kg) in all fish. The percentage of MeHg was 89.7% and the highest accumulation was observed in carnivorous fish (336.3 ± 245.6 μg/kg, p < 0.05) of high consumption, indicating risk to human health. In water, T-Hg concentrations exceeded the threshold effect value of 12 ng/L, whereas As concentrations were below the threshold of 10,000 ng/L, established by USEPA. On the contrary, 33% of the sediments exceeded the quality standard of 200 μg/kg for Hg. We found that Prochilodus magdalenae was the species with the highest susceptibility to nuclear alterations in its order, nuclear bud (CNB, 3.7 ± 5.4%), micronuclei (MN, 1.6 ± 2.5%) and binucleated cells (BC, 1.6 ± 2.3%). These results indicate that the species appears to be a good predictor of genotoxicity in the Atrato River. Fulton's condition factor (K) indicated that 31.7% of the fishes had poor growth condition, suggesting that the Atrato River basin needs to be monitored and restored in accordance with the agreements reached in the Minamata Convention on Mercury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonomir Córdoba-Tovar
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Facultad de Estudios Ambientales y Rurales, Transversal 4#42-00, Bogotá, DC, Colombia; Environmental Toxicology and Natural Resources Group, Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó, Quibdó, Choco, A.A. 292, Colombia
| | | | - Pablo Andrés Ramos Barón
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Facultad de Estudios Ambientales y Rurales, Transversal 4#42-00, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Clelia Rosa Calao-Ramos
- Universidad de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Programa de Bacteriología, Cra 6 # 76 - 103, Montería, 230002, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Sergi Díez
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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Genotoxic Effect of Cadmium and Zinc in the Peripheral Erythrocytes of Prussian Carp ( Carassius Gibelio B.). J Vet Res 2022; 66:619-628. [PMID: 36846032 PMCID: PMC9944989 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cadmium and zinc are often found in aquatic environment and may accumulate in living organisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic effect of Cd, Zn, and their binary mixture on the peripheral blood erythrocytes of Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio B.). Material and Methods The fish were exposed to 4.0 mg/L Cd, 4.0 mg/L Zn or a mixture of 4.0 mg/L Cd and 4.0 mg/L Zn for a period of 14, 21 or 28 days. Genotoxic effects were investigated in peripheral blood cells using the comet assay and the erythrocyte micronucleus assay. Results The results demonstrated that the frequencies of micronuclei (MN) and both nuclear and cellular abnormalities in erythrocytes were significantly higher in all exposure groups as compared to the control group. The fish exposed to the mixture of Cd and Zn presented the highest frequency of MN. Furthermore, there was a decrease in the frequency of MN and an increase in the occurrence of DNA integrity defects (DNA damage) with longer time of exposure to the metals studied. Conclusion Erythrocyte micronucleus and comet assays confirmed the genotoxicity of Cd and Zn. The results of the tests applied (which showed considerable variability) suggest the involvement of various toxicity mechanisms. Therefore, an integrative and comprehensive approach, using a set of assays for toxicity profile determination, should be adopted during ecotoxicological studies and environmental risk assessment pertaining to these elements.
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de Oliveira CACR, dos Santos Souto PS, da Conceição Palheta D, de Oliveira Bahia M, da AraújoCunha L, de Lourdes Souza Santos M, do Nascimento Medeiros Rodrigues T, Bentes B. Genotoxicity assessment in two Amazonian estuaries using the Plagioscion squamosissimus as a biomonitor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:41344-41356. [PMID: 35088285 PMCID: PMC8794734 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18767-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxicity studies in coastal ecosystems have been a priority in Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA). This research aimed to study the genotoxicity by the micronucleus test and comet assay in two Brazilian Amazon estuaries (anthropized and control) using Plagioscion squamosissimus as a biomonitor. Blood samples were collected from 54 specimens. No significant genotoxic effects were detected in the cells analyzed, although the highest occurrence (MN and DNA damages) was observed in anthropized site. The percentage of genomic damage differed between the sites studied, being always higher in anthropizes site as well. Of the nucleoids analyzed in this site, on average, 28 ± 14.42% of the cells were classified in the highest damage class. The fish analyzed in the present study are direct influenced of xenobiont agents capable of producing damage to the genetic material of aquatic organisms in both sites and, consequently, may bring consequences still little reported in studies of morphophysiological alterations in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulo Sérgio dos Santos Souto
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Instituto de Saúde E Produção Animal-ISPA, Avenida Presidente Tancredo Neves, 2501Bairro: Terra Firme, CEP: 66077-830 Belém, Pará Brasil
| | - Dulcidéia da Conceição Palheta
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Instituto de Saúde E Produção Animal-ISPA, Avenida Presidente Tancredo Neves, 2501Bairro: Terra Firme, CEP: 66077-830 Belém, Pará Brasil
| | - Marcelo de Oliveira Bahia
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Patologia. Av. Augusto Correa, 01; Laboratório de Citogenética Humana e Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Federal Do Pará, , Guamá, CEP: 66075110 Belém, Pará Brasil
| | - Lorena da AraújoCunha
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Patologia. Av. Augusto Correa, 01; Laboratório de Citogenética Humana e Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Federal Do Pará, , Guamá, CEP: 66075110 Belém, Pará Brasil
| | - Maria de Lourdes Souza Santos
- Laboratório de Química Ambiental, Avenida Presidente Tancredo Neves, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, 2501 Terra Firme, CEP: 66077-830 Belém, Pará Brasil
| | | | - Bianca Bentes
- Universidade Federal Do Pará, Núcleo de Ecologia Aquática E Pesca, Rua Augusto Corrêa, S/N Guamá, CEP: 66075-110 Belém, Pará Brasil
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Naguib M, Mekkawy IA, Mahmoud UM, Sayed AEDH. Genotoxic evaluation of silver nanoparticles in catfish Clarias gariepinus erythrocytes; DNA strand breakage using comet assay. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Kontaş S. In vivo assessment of genotoxic effects in Cyprinus carpio L., 1758 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) exposed to selected metal(oid)s. Toxicol Ind Health 2022; 38:277-286. [PMID: 35473491 DOI: 10.1177/07482337221092319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metals and metalloids originating from industrial, agricultural, and urban wastes and increasing in aquatic ecosystems cause genotoxic damage to fish species. This study aimed to determine the potential genotoxic effects of mixtures of aluminum, arsenic, and manganese in Cyprinus carpio. The effects of the mixtures on erythrocyte cells of C. carpio were examined using the comet assay, micronucleus test, and erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities in two groups after exposure to three doses of the mixtures (Group A; Dose 1: 0.3 + 0.1 + 0.02 mg/L, Dose 2: 0.6 + 0.2 + 0.04 mg/L, Dose 3: 0.9 + 0.3 + 0.06 mg/L and Group B; Dose 1: 1 + 3 +0.1 mg/L, Dose 2: 2 + 6 + 0.2 mg/L, Dose 3: 3 + 9 + 0.3 mg/L). Experimental groups were formed according to the permissible limits specified in the Turkish Surface Water Quality Regulation (TSWQR). The results of comet assay parameters such as tail DNA %, tail moment, and olive tail moment confirmed the genotoxic effect of metal(oid)s mixtures on erythrocyte cells compared with control groups and showed that DNA damage increased with increasing the concentrations. The micronucleus and other nuclear abnormalities such as blebbed nuclei, notched nuclei, eightshaped nuclei, lobed nuclei, and binucleated cells were detected in the erythrocyte cells exposed to the mixtures. Consequently, it was found that the frequency of micronucleus and erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities significantly increased in the erythrocyte cells exposed to metal(oid) concentrations compared to control groups. These results show the existence of potential genotoxicity in C. carpio even at the minimum values specified in the TSWQR after exposure to the mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Kontaş
- Fatsa Faculty of Marine Sciences, Fisheries Technology Engineering, 187474Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
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Mahboob S, Ahmed Z, Farooq Khan M, Saho C, Virik P, Al-Mulhm N, Baabbad AAA. Ecogenotoxicological studies for an early toxicity screening and monitoring in Epinephalus chlorostigma and Scamberomorus commerson. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:2719-2726. [PMID: 35531145 PMCID: PMC9073060 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was planned to investigate DNA fragmentation in fish to screen aquatic toxicity and in Epinephalus chlorostigma and Scamberomorus commerson collected from Red sea near Jizan, Saudi Arabia from three locations “(Corniche North park: “16.92161, 42.54631; Jizan Port: 16.874, 42.54952” N and Jizan Economic City: 17.26589, 42.34738“ ”)“ were used as a case study for the application of comet assay. The study area of the Red Sea is polluted due to anthropogenic activities and the disposal of wastes from multiple sources. Comet and micronucleus assays were used to detect genotoxicity in these fish species harvested from three sites. The concentration of Pb, Cr, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cd, Sn, and Hg was higher in the water samples collected from the polluted site compared to the non-polluted site of the Red sea. Comet assay for S. commerson showed significant (p < 0.05) genetic damage about 44.33 ± 3.03% DNA in comet tail at site S1. It was subsequently reduced to 31.71 ± 3.52% and 22.11 ± 2.52% at sites S2 and S3. E. chlorostigma also showed significant DNA in comet tail as 17.34 ± 2.19%, 11.87 ± 3.01%, and 36.41 ± 3.98% at site S1-S3, respectively. Significant (p < 0.05) DNA damage was observed in the fishes procured from non-polluted locations and upstream locations. The micronucleus induction in E. chlorostigma was recorded as 23.20 ± 4.19 and 2.20 ± 0.58%, respectively, non-polluted and polluted sites. S. commerson exhibited significant differences between polluted and non-polluted sites (44.80 ± 3.73 and 8.20 ± 2.20‰) polluted and upstream (44.80 ± 3.73 and 20.60 ± 4.02‰), respectively. A significant difference was obtained between E. chlorostigma and S. commerson for nuclear abnormalities S. commerson showed higher frequencies for nuclear deformities than E. chlorostigma. S. commerson showed substantial micronucleus induction frequencies collected from an area of low pollution intensity (upstream). This study showed that E. clorostigma and S. commerson could be successfully used as a bioindicator to determine the health of the Red Sea through the most specific assays such as comet and micronucleus tests as an early warning and to devise the monitoring strategies to ensure a safe supply of fish for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Mahboob
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zubair Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Farooq Khan
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Changwei Saho
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Promy Virik
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - N Al-Mulhm
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Almohannad A A Baabbad
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
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Integration of Genotoxic Biomarkers in Environmental Biomonitoring Analysis Using a Multi-Biomarker Approach in Three-Spined Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, 1758). TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10030101. [PMID: 35324726 PMCID: PMC8950626 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10030101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Water is impacted by a variety of increasing pressures, such as contaminants, including genotoxic pollutants. The proposed multi-biomarker approach at a sub-individual level gives a complementary indicator to the chemical and ecological parameters of the Water Framework Directive (WFD, 2000/60/EC). By integrating biomarkers of genotoxicity and erythrocyte necrosis in the sentinel fish species the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) through active biomonitoring of six stations of the Artois-Picardie watershed, north France, our work aimed to improve the already existing biomarker approach. Even if fish in all stations had high levels of DNA strand breaks, the multivariate analysis (PCA), followed by hierarchical agglomerative clustering (HAC), improved discrimination among stations by detecting an increase of nuclear DNA content variation (Etaing, St Rémy du Nord, Artres and Biache-St-Vaast) and erythrocyte necrosis (Etaing, St Rémy du Nord). The present work highlighted that the integration of these biomarkers of genotoxicity in a multi-biomarker approach is appropriate to expand physiological parameters which allow the targeting of new potential effects of contaminants.
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Canedo A, de Jesus LWO, Bailão EFLC, Rocha TL. Micronucleus test and nuclear abnormality assay in zebrafish (Danio rerio): Past, present, and future trends. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:118019. [PMID: 34670334 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear abnormality (NA) assay in fish has been widely applied for toxicity risk assessment under field and laboratory conditions. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become a suitable model system for assessing the NA induced by pollutants. Thus, the current study aimed to summarize and discuss the literature concerning micronucleus (MN) and other NA in zebrafish and its applications in toxicity screening and environmental risk assessment. The data concerning the publication year, pollutant type, experimental design, and type of NA induced by pollutants were summarized. Also, molecular mechanisms that cause NA in zebrafish were discussed. Revised data showed that the MN test in zebrafish has been applied since 1996. The MN was the most frequently NA, but 15 other nuclear alterations were reported in zebrafish, such as notched nuclei, blebbed nuclei, binucleated cell, buds, lobed nuclei, bridges, and kidney-shaped. Several pollutants can induce NA in zebrafish, mainly effluents (mixture of pollutants), agrochemicals, and microplastics. The pollutant-induced NA in zebrafish depends on experimental design (i.e., exposure time, concentration, and exposure condition), developmental stages, cell/tissue type, and the type of pollutant. Besides, research gaps and recommendations for future studies are indicated. Overall, the current study showed that zebrafish is a suitable model to assess pollutant-induced mutagenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryelle Canedo
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lázaro Wender Oliveira de Jesus
- Laboratory of Applied Animal Morphophysiology, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Lopes Rocha
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil.
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Bats are an excellent sentinel model for the detection of genotoxic agents. Study in a Colombian Caribbean region. Acta Trop 2021; 224:106141. [PMID: 34562432 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Wildlife animals have been affected by human activities and the diminution of the areas needed to develop wildlife. In Colombia, artisanal and industrial mining focuses on gold extraction, which uses mercury and causes contamination in water sources. Bats may be susceptible to chemical contamination and primarily to bioaccumulated heavy metal contaminants in the food chain. The primary source of exposure is contaminated food and water ingest, followed by dermic exposition and inhalation. The objective was to evaluategenotoxic damage and mercury concentration in bats. Forty-five samples of blood and organs of bats captured in Ayapel and Majagual were collected. Erythrocytes were searched for micronuclei by peripheral blood smear. Mercury concentration in 45 liver and spleen samples was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (DMA80 TRICELL, Milestone Inc, Italy). Bats from four families were studied: Phyllostomidae (6 species), Molossidae (3 species), Vespertilionidae (1 species), and Emballonuridae (1 species). Mercury was found in all bat species from the different dietary guilds. Insectivores had the highest concentration of mercury in the liver (0,23 µg/g) and spleen (0,25 µg/g) and the highest number of micronuclei (260 micronuclei/10,000). The specimens captured in Majagual had the highest frequency of micronuclei (677 micronuclei/10,000), and those captured in Ayapel had the highest mercury concentration (0,833 µg/g). This is the first study in Colombia to report that bats could act as sentinels to the environment's genotoxic chemical agents. Mercury and a high frequency of micronuclei were found in the tissues of captured bats. In addition to mercury contamination, there could also be other contaminants affecting Chiroptera.
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Lehun AL, Mendes AB, Takemoto RM, Bueno Krawczyk ACDD. Genotoxic effects of urban pollution in the Iguaçu River on two fish populations. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2021; 56:984-991. [PMID: 34319218 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2021.1956229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental impacts on water resources and discharges of pollutants are some of the main problems of aquatic ecosystems. Currently, the Iguaçu River is considered the second most polluted river in Brazil, therefore, given the importance of understanding the effects of water pollution on living organisms, this study aimed to analyze the possible genotoxic effects in Astyanax bifasciatus (Characiformes; Characidae) and Geophagus brasiliensis (Perciformes: Cichlidae) in response to the water quality of the Iguaçu River. Four sampling points were determined on the Iguaçu River, with different levels of environmental impact. The micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities were quantified by counting 2000 erythrocytes from each specimen. There was a statistical difference in the frequency of nuclear abnormalities both for A. bifasciatus (Kruskal-Wallis 3;30 = 10.9; p = 0.01) and for G. brasiliensis (Kruskal-Wallis 3;26 = 12.27; p = 0.006), with point 1 (critically degraded) showing a higher frequency of nuclear abnormalities and point 4 (moderately degraded) showing a lower frequency of nuclear abnormalities for both species, showing genotoxic potential in fish erythrocytes. This result demonstrates the need for further discussion on the conservation of the Iguaçu River as well as broadening the discussion on its potability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsler Luana Lehun
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - Amanda Brixner Mendes
- Colegiado de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Paraná, Centro, PR, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Massato Takemoto
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (Nupélia), Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
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D'Agostini F, La Maestra S. Micronuclei in Fish Erythrocytes as Genotoxic Biomarkers of Water Pollution: An Overview. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 258:195-240. [PMID: 34611757 DOI: 10.1007/398_2021_76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater and marine water bodies receive chemical contaminants from industrial, agricultural, urban, and domestic wastes. Eco-genotoxicity assays are useful tools to assess the cumulative genotoxicity of these pollutants. Fish are suitable indicators for biomonitoring of mutagenic and carcinogenic pollution.In this review, we present a complete overview of the studies performed so far using the micronucleus test in peripheral erythrocytes of fish exposed to polluted water. We have listed all the species of fish used and the geographical distribution of the investigations. We have analyzed and discussed all technical aspects of using this test in fish, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the different experimental protocols. We have reported the results of all studies. This assay has become, for years, one of the simplest, fastest, and most cost-effective for assessing genotoxic risk in aquatic environments. However, there are still several factors influencing the variability of the results. Therefore, we have given indications and suggestions to achieve a standardization of experimental procedures and ensure uniformity of future investigations.
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Shah N, Khan A, Habib Khan N, Khisroon M. Genotoxic Consequences in Common Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Valenciennes, 1844) Exposed to Selected Toxic Metals. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:305-314. [PMID: 32285323 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The primary aim of the current study was to recognize the biomarker approach as the finest tool to identify the geno-toxicological effects of copper, chromium, and lead inside the blood of grass carp using micronucleus test and comet assay. The induced micronuclei frequency in response to the administered concentrations of LC50 metals was discovered in the erythrocytes of metal-exposed fish at four-time intervals. The genotoxic effect of these metals with respect to the formation of micronuclei was ranked as chromium > lead > copper. Percentages of other cellular and nuclear abnormalities were also determined in the exposed blood films. Equally, the genotoxic studies in terms of comet assay in fish blood revealed significant deviations p < 0.05 against each of the studied metal at their respective time interval as compared with the healthy fish group. However, induced frequency of micronuclei and the calculated DNA damage were not found to be duration dependent. Consequently, copper, chromium, and lead have been explored as cytotoxic elements that can be responsible for inducing genotoxic effects in fish existing aquatic habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazish Shah
- Department of Zoology, University of Swabi, Anbar Campus, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
- Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Nazma Habib Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khisroon
- Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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da Costa Araújo AP, de Andrade Vieira JE, Malafaia G. Toxicity and trophic transfer of polyethylene microplastics from Poecilia reticulata to Danio rerio. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 742:140217. [PMID: 32623154 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The potential transfer of microplastics (MPs) between vertebrates belonging to the same taxonomic group, and the impact of such a transfer on higher trophic levels remains little explored. An experimental food chain with two fish species was installed to test the hypothesis that polyethylene MPs (PE MPs) can accumulate in animals and cause behavioral, mutagenic and cytotoxic changes at upper trophic levels. Poecilia reticulata fry were exposed to MPs for 48 h and, subsequently, offered (as food) to Danio rerio adults for 10 days to simulate an upper level food chain. PE MPs quantification in fry and in different Danio rerio tissues evidenced their accumulation at the two assessed trophic levels. This finding suggested their absorption, adherence and translocation from one organism to another. The accumulation seen in D. rerio directly exposed to MPs was associated with behavioral disorders at upper trophic level. These animals presented behavior suggestive of anti-predatory response deficit when they were confronted with a potential aquatic predator (Geophagus brasiliensis). This finding was inferred through lower school cohesion, shallower school depth and shorter distance from the potential predator. In addition, animals exposed to MPs recorded higher nuclear abnormality rates and changes in the size and shape of erythrocytes and in their nuclei; this outcome has suggested mutagenic and cytotoxic effects, respectively. Based on the current results, MPs are transferred through a food chain that only involves two vertebrates. MPs enter the vertebrates' organs, change their behavior and induce mutagenic and cytotoxic processes in animals, which can cause significant ecological consequences in freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Pereira da Costa Araújo
- Biological Research Laboratory, Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute - Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Julya Emmanuela de Andrade Vieira
- Biological Research Laboratory, Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute - Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Biological Research Laboratory, Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute - Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil.
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Zheltonozhskaya T, Permyakova N, Kravchenko O, Maksin V, Nessin S, Klepko V, Klymchuk D. Polymer/inorganic hybrids containing silver nanoparticles and their activity in the disinfection of fish aquariums/ponds. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2020.1811318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T.B. Zheltonozhskaya
- Institute of Macromolecular Science, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - N.M. Permyakova
- Institute of Macromolecular Science, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - O.O. Kravchenko
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry and Water Quality, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - V.I. Maksin
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry and Water Quality, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - S.D. Nessin
- Institute of Macromolecular Science, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - V.V. Klepko
- Institute of Macromolecular Science, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - D.O. Klymchuk
- Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Qiu Y, Hua D, Liu J, Wang J, Hu B, Yu D. Induction of micronuclei, nuclear anomalies, and dimensional changes in erythrocytes of the rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) by lanthanum. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:31243-31249. [PMID: 32488715 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09396-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of lanthanum (La(III)) were studied in fish micronucleus analysis in erythrocytes of the rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus). Fish were exposed to 0.04, 08, 0.16, 0.32, and 0.80 mg L-1 of La concentration for 21 days. Several important morphological alterations of the nucleus were noted, such as the ratio of micronucleated erythrocyte, and total ratio of erythrocytes with nuclear anomalies, blebs, notches, and so on. The total ratio of nuclear anomalies was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in G. rarus exposed to La(III) (except for 0.04 mg L-1) compared with the control. Hypsometric analysis indicated significant dose-dependent changes in erythrocyte and nucleus dimensions (P < 0.05). Various abnormal morphological forms of erythrocytes were also observed. These results showed that La(III) was cytotoxic to erythrocytes of the rare minnow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Qiu
- School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Dong Hua
- School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Jun Liu
- School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China.
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Formula Feed, Fuzhou, 350308, China
| | - Denghang Yu
- School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
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23
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Kontaş S, Bostancı D. Genotoxic Effects of Environmental Pollutant Heavy Metals on Alburnus chalcoides (Pisces: Cyprinidae) Inhabiting Lower Melet River (Ordu, Turkey). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 104:763-769. [PMID: 32356000 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02857-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The lower Melet River is a drinking water source that is surrounded by hazelnut grove, agricultural lands, resulting in the accumulation of genotoxic agents such as mining activities, various domestic and agricultural wastes. Therefore, it receives many domestic and agricultural wastes that contain the genotoxic agent. This study was aimed to assess the heavy metal concentrations in water, sediment, and bioaccumulation in the tissues of Alburnus chalcoides. Comet assay and micronucleus test were used to evaluate the genotoxic effects on the blood cells of A. chalcoides. The concentrations of heavy metals and metalloid in the water, in the sediments and in the muscle of fish were in the order of Fe > Al > Mn > As > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Cd = Pb = Co, Fe > Al > Mn > Zn > Cu > Pb > Cr > As > Co > Ni > Cd and Fe > Zn > Al > Mn > Cu > Pb > As > Cr > Ni > Co > Cd, respectively. The blood cells of fish collected from the polluted location showed significantly higher DNA damage and micronucleus frequency compared to the reference location (p < 0.05). The study indicated that the DNA integrity of A. chalcoides was affected by heavy metals which originated from many anthropogenic sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Kontaş
- Department of Fisheries Technology Engineering, Ordu University, 52400, Ordu, Turkey.
| | - Derya Bostancı
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ordu University, 52200, Ordu, Turkey
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24
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Shaw P, Mondal P, Bandyopadhyay A, Chattopadhyay A. Environmentally relevant concentration of chromium induces nuclear deformities in erythrocytes and alters the expression of stress-responsive and apoptotic genes in brain of adult zebrafish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 703:135622. [PMID: 31767327 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination of water body has become a serious threat to aquatic life forms specially to fish. Hexavalent chromium (Cr [VI]) is one of the most potent heavy metal toxicant. It is present in aquatic environment at concentrations beyond permissible limit. Considering the fact that toxic effects are function of the exposure concentration, studies involving toxicological risk assessment should be done at environmentally relevant concentration. Therefore we studied the toxic effects of Cr [VI] to zebrafish at an environmentally relevant concentration (2 mg L-1). We monitored the genotoxic potential of Cr [VI] in erythrocytes through a simple reliable microscopic assay and found an increase in frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes along with erythrocytes with blebbed, lobed and notched nuclei. In addition, Cr [VI] induced neurotoxicity, being a least reported event was also investigated. Histological alterations in brain, elevated GSH and MDA content and increased catalase activity indicated oxidative stress-mediated damage. This was further confirmed through expressional alteration of Ucp2. Upregulation of Nrf2, Nqo1 and Ho1 clearly indicated the involvement of Nrf2-ARE system in stress response against Cr [VI] induced neurotoxicity. The transcriptional induction of apoptotic genes such as Bax, Caspase 9 and Caspase 3 along with downregulation of Bcl2 indicated that the cytoprotective system failed to counter the induced stress. Interestingly, there was upregulation of AChE gene, which could be correlated with the upregulated apoptotic genes. This study provides an insight on the neurotoxic stress of Cr [VI] on the zebrafish yet at an environmentally relevant concentration. Moreover the induction of nuclear anomalies in the erythrocytes can serve as extremely sensitive endpoints of toxicological stress indicators of aquatic contaminants like Cr [VI].
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Shaw
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Paritosh Mondal
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India
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25
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Acolas ML, Davail B, Gonzalez P, Jean S, Clérandeau C, Morin B, Gourves PY, Daffe G, Labadie P, Perrault A, Lauzent M, Pierre M, Le Barh R, Baudrimont M, Peluhet L, Le Menach K, Budzinski H, Rochard E, Cachot J. Health indicators and contaminant levels of a critically endangered species in the Gironde estuary, the European sturgeon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:3726-3745. [PMID: 31020527 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The European sturgeon, Acipenser sturio, is a highly endangered species that almost disappeared in the last decades. Thanks to yearly restocking of the population, this species is still found in the Gironde estuary (France), where juveniles grow during several years before leaving to the ocean. The aims of this study were to evaluate the pressure exerted on these fish by known organic and inorganic contaminants during their stay at the Gironde estuary, and to get information on the fish's health in this context. Monthly captures over the year 2014 provided 87 fish from the cohorts 2012 and 2013 mainly, and from cohorts 2008, 2009, and 2011, all fish born in hatchery. We report the very first analyses of contaminant levels and of biological markers measured in the blood of these fish. Low inorganic contamination was found, composed of seven metals mainly Zn (< 5 μg mL-1), Fe (< 1.5 μg mL-1), Cu (< 0.8 μg mL-1), Se (< 0.8 μg mL-1), As (< 0.25 μg mL-1), Co (< 0.14 μg mL-1), and Mn (< 0.03 μg mL-1). Concerning persistent organic contaminants, the sum of seven PCBs varied from 1 to 10 ng g-1 plasma, that of eight OCPs from 0.1 to 1 ng g-1, and that of eight PBDEs from 10 to 100 pg g-1. Higher levels of contaminants were measured during spring as compared to summer. The sex steroid hormone plasma levels (estradiol, testosterone, and 11-ketotestosterone) were quite low, which was predictable for juveniles. The transcription of reproduction-involved genes (EstR, AR, LHR, sox9) in blood cells was demonstrated for the first time. Some of them were correlated with organic contaminant levels PCBs and OCPs. Other gene transcriptions (sodCu and bax) were correlated with PCBs and OCPs. However, the DNA damage level measured here as comet tail DNA and micronuclei ratio in red blood cells were in the very low range of the values commonly obtained in fish from pristine areas. The data presented here can serve as a reference base for future monitoring of this population of sturgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Acolas
- Irstea, EABX, Aquatic Ecosystems and Global Changes, 50 avenue de Verdun, F-33612, Gazinet Cestas, France
| | - Blandine Davail
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 5805 EPOC, Aquatic Ecotoxicology, B2, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, F-33405, Talence, France.
| | - Patrice Gonzalez
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 5805 EPOC, Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Place du Dr B. Peyneau, F-33120, Arcachon, France
| | - Séverine Jean
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, F-31326, Caxtanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
| | - Christelle Clérandeau
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 5805 EPOC, Aquatic Ecotoxicology, B2, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - Bénédicte Morin
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 5805 EPOC, Aquatic Ecotoxicology, B2, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Gourves
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 5805 EPOC, Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Place du Dr B. Peyneau, F-33120, Arcachon, France
| | - Guillemine Daffe
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 5805 EPOC, Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Place du Dr B. Peyneau, F-33120, Arcachon, France
| | - Pierre Labadie
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 5805 EPOC, LPTC, 351 crs de la Libération, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - Annie Perrault
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, F-31326, Caxtanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
| | - Mathilde Lauzent
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 5805 EPOC, LPTC, 351 crs de la Libération, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - Maud Pierre
- Irstea, EABX, Aquatic Ecosystems and Global Changes, 50 avenue de Verdun, F-33612, Gazinet Cestas, France
| | - Romaric Le Barh
- Irstea, EABX, Aquatic Ecosystems and Global Changes, 50 avenue de Verdun, F-33612, Gazinet Cestas, France
| | - Magalie Baudrimont
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 5805 EPOC, Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Place du Dr B. Peyneau, F-33120, Arcachon, France
| | - Laurent Peluhet
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 5805 EPOC, LPTC, 351 crs de la Libération, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - Karyn Le Menach
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 5805 EPOC, LPTC, 351 crs de la Libération, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 5805 EPOC, LPTC, 351 crs de la Libération, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - Eric Rochard
- Irstea, EABX, Aquatic Ecosystems and Global Changes, 50 avenue de Verdun, F-33612, Gazinet Cestas, France
| | - Jérôme Cachot
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 5805 EPOC, Aquatic Ecotoxicology, B2, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, F-33405, Talence, France
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26
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Moon WK, Atique U, An KG. "Ecological risk assessments and eco-toxicity analyses using chemical, biological, physiological responses, DNA damages and gene-level biomarkers in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) in an urban stream". CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124754. [PMID: 31726531 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We conducted the ecological risk assessment in an urban stream by using multiple-level approaches ranging from community level, chemical analyses in water and sediments, physiological assays of DNA biomarkers, embryonic development tests, and gene-level marker analyses of cyp1a, c-Fos, CRH, transgenic fli1:GFP and HuC:eGFP in zebrafish (Danio rerio). In water, the chemical perturbations based on nutrients (N,P), organic matter, ionic contents and metals identified in downstream zone. Analogous corroborations verified in sediment samples having hazardous metals (Zn, Pb, Cu, Ni, As, Cd). The chemical contaminations reflected significant damages in fish DNA, based on tDNA, tail length (TL), and tail extent moment (TEM). Zebrafish embryonic development experiments significantly enlightened the chemical contaminants in downstream compared to those in control and reference conditions. Hatching and survival rates rigorously declined in downstream region. Embryonic development delayed and followed by death in the downstream substantiated by the above-mentioned findings. Similar were the findings on heart rate and pigmentation largely affected in the contaminated zone. Pollutants in urban stream reflected significantly at the gene level, and were corroborated through experiments using transgenic zebrafish strains that were influenced by pollutants during the process of occurrence. In conclusion, these studies illuminate the community to gene-level ecological health assessment that could be useful for ecological risk assessments of urban streams and rivers. Further, the gene-level biomarkers and transgenic zebrafish experiments combination propose the procedures could be effectively used as sensitive and efficient biomarkers of ecological health and risk assessment in urban streams from community to gene-level assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Ki Moon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Usman Atique
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang-Guk An
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Ali T, Rafiq M, Samee Mubarik M, Zahoor K, Asad F, Yaqoob S, Ahmad S, Qamar S. Genotoxicity and repair capability of Mus musculus DNA following the oral exposure to Tramadol. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:12-17. [PMID: 31889811 PMCID: PMC6933236 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tramadol is an analgesic and psychoactive drug that acts primarily upon the central nervous system where it alters brain function, resulting in temporary changes in perception, mood, consciousness and behavior. The aim of present study was to analyze the genotoxicity and repair capability of DNA after Tramadol exposure in albino mice (Mus musculus). For this purpose, forty mice were divided equally into four groups as; a control group (without drug) and three treatment groups that were treated with three doses of Tramadol as minimum dose group, Intermediate dose group and maximum dose group, corresponding to 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg and 75 mg/kg of body weight respectively. The dose was given orally for 15 days. After 15 days peripheral blood was drawn from half mice of each group and subjected to comet assay. While the remaining half mice were given a recovery period of 15 days and same procedure was used for blood collection and comet assay. Significant difference in various comet parameters was observed among control and exposed groups. Maximum damage was observed at highest concentration 75 mg/kg of Tramadol and minimum damage was observed at dose 25 mg/kg of Tramadol, while results of repaired mice group showed that repair capability of Tramadol was minor and recovery of Tramadol required a lot of time. It can be concluded that Tramadol cause genotoxicity that is dose dependent and has low repair capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyaba Ali
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Samina Qamar
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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28
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Carbajal A, Soler P, Tallo-Parra O, Isasa M, Echevarria C, Lopez-Bejar M, Vinyoles D. Towards Non-Invasive Methods in Measuring Fish Welfare: The Measurement of Cortisol Concentrations in Fish Skin Mucus as a Biomarker of Habitat Quality. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9110939. [PMID: 31717428 PMCID: PMC6912682 DOI: 10.3390/ani9110939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortisol levels in fish skin mucus have shown to be good stress indicators in farm fish exposed to different stressors. Its applicability in free-ranging animals subject to long-term environmental stressors though remains to be explored. The present study was therefore designed to examine whether skin mucus cortisol levels from a wild freshwater fish (Catalan chub, Squalius laietanus) are affected by the habitat quality. Several well-established hematological parameters and cortisol concentrations were measured in blood and compared to variations in skin mucus cortisol values across three habitats with different pollution gradient. Fluctuations of cortisol in skin mucus varied across the streams of differing habitat quality, following a similar pattern of response to that detected by the assessment of cortisol levels in blood and the hematological parameters. Furthermore, there was a close relationship between cortisol concentrations in skin mucus and several of the erythrocytic alterations and the relative proportion of neutrophils to lymphocytes. Taken together, results of this study provide the first evidence that skin mucus cortisol levels could be influenced by habitat quality. Although results should be interpreted with caution, because a small sample size was collected in one studied habitat, the measurement of cortisol in skin mucus could be potentially used as a biomarker in freshwater fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annaïs Carbajal
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Correspondence: or
| | - Patricia Soler
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (P.S.); (D.V.)
| | - Oriol Tallo-Parra
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Marina Isasa
- Cetaqua, Centro tecnológico del agua, Cornellà de Llobregat, 08940 Barcelona, Spain; (M.I.); (C.E.)
| | - Carlos Echevarria
- Cetaqua, Centro tecnológico del agua, Cornellà de Llobregat, 08940 Barcelona, Spain; (M.I.); (C.E.)
| | - Manel Lopez-Bejar
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Dolors Vinyoles
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (P.S.); (D.V.)
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29
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Hemalatha D, Nataraj B, Rangasamy B, Shobana C, Ramesh M. DNA damage and physiological responses in an Indian major carp Labeo rohita exposed to an antimicrobial agent triclosan. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:1463-1484. [PMID: 31222661 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00661-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study is aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of triclosan (TCS) in an Indian major carp Labeo rohita. The 96-h LC50 value of triclosan to L. rohita was found to be 0.39 mg L-1. Fish were exposed to two sublethal concentrations (0.039 mg L-1, treatment I and 0.078 mg L-1, treatment II) of TCS for 35 days, and certain hematobiochemical, antioxidant, histopathological responses were measured. Compared to the control group, there was a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the values and genotoxicity of hematological parameters such as hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), and erythrocyte (RBC) in TCS-exposed fish, but the values of leucocyte count (WBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were found to be increased. A biphasic response in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) value was observed during the study period (35 days). Significant (p < 0.05) alterations in plasma biochemical parameters (glucose and protein), electrolytes (Na+, K+, and Cl-), and transaminases (GOT and GPT) were observed in fish treated with TCS in both treatments. Gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity was found to be decreased in fish treated with TCS in both treatments. Enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant index levels have also fluctuated in all the tissues (gill, liver, and kidney). The histological lesions were comparatively more severe in the gill than the liver and kidney. Comet assay showed DNA damage on exposure at two sublethal concentrations. The present results suggest that TCS is highly toxic to fish even at sublethal concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devan Hemalatha
- Department of Zoology, PSG Arts and Science College, Avinashi Road, Civil Aerodrome Post, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641014, India
| | - Bojan Nataraj
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Basuvannan Rangasamy
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Chellappan Shobana
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Mathan Ramesh
- Department of Zoology, PSG Arts and Science College, Avinashi Road, Civil Aerodrome Post, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641014, India.
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30
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do Amaral QDF, Da Rosa E, Wronski JG, Zuravski L, Querol MVM, Dos Anjos B, de Andrade CFF, Machado MM, de Oliveira LFS. Golden mussel (Limnoperna fortunei) as a bioindicator in aquatic environments contaminated with mercury: Cytotoxic and genotoxic aspects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 675:343-353. [PMID: 31030141 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the Limnoperna fortunei (golden mussel) as a bioindicator of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in aquatic environments contaminated by heavy metals. Five groups of 50 subjects each were exposed to different concentration of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) (0.001 mg/L, group I; 0.005 mg/L, group II; 0.01 mg/L, group II; 0.02 mg/L, group IV; and 0.1 mg/L, group V). The control group for both chronic and acute treatment did not receive HgCl2. For chronic exposure, the respective groups were placed in aquaria with water contaminated with the above concentrations of HgCl2. For acute exposure, the different concentrations of HgCl2 were injected into the posterior adductor muscle of the individuals belonging to the aforementioned groups. The biological matrix used in the tests was the whole body muscle. Tests (cell viability assay, alkaline comet test; enumeration of micronuclei and necrotic cells, quantification of Hg content in tissues and water, and histopathological analysis of tissues), were carried out on the 7th, 15th, and 30th treatment days or 2 h after injection. Our results demonstrated that L. fortunei showed cell damage in both chronic and acute exposure groups. Significant DNA damage was observed at both the 15th (0.1 mg/L) and 30th (0.01-0.1 mg/L) days of chronic exposure. However, in acute treatment all concentrations induced DNA breaks. The presence of necrosis increased at all concentrations tested for both acute and chronic exposure. Tissue mercury retention on the 15th day was higher than on the 30th day of exposure, while in the same period, there was a decrease in the mercury content of aquarium water. Taking the data together, it is concluded that L. fortunei as a possible bioindicator of the quality of aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emanoeli Da Rosa
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pampa - UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Júlia Gabriela Wronski
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, HUVET, Universidade Federal do Pampa - UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Luísa Zuravski
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Pampa - UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Dos Anjos
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, HUVET, Universidade Federal do Pampa - UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | | | - Michel Mansur Machado
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pampa - UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, Brazil
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31
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Gajski G, Žegura B, Ladeira C, Novak M, Sramkova M, Pourrut B, Del Bo' C, Milić M, Gutzkow KB, Costa S, Dusinska M, Brunborg G, Collins A. The comet assay in animal models: From bugs to whales - (Part 2 Vertebrates). MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 781:130-164. [PMID: 31416573 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The comet assay has become one of the methods of choice for the evaluation and measurement of DNA damage. It is sensitive, quick to perform and relatively affordable for the evaluation of DNA damage and repair at the level of individual cells. The comet assay can be applied to virtually any cell type derived from different organs and tissues. Even though the comet assay is predominantly used on human cells, the application of the assay for the evaluation of DNA damage in yeast, plant and animal cells is also quite high, especially in terms of biomonitoring. The present extensive overview on the usage of the comet assay in animal models will cover both terrestrial and water environments. The first part of the review was focused on studies describing the comet assay applied in invertebrates. The second part of the review, (Part 2) will discuss the application of the comet assay in vertebrates covering cyclostomata, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals, in addition to chordates that are regarded as a transitional form towards vertebrates. Besides numerous vertebrate species, the assay is also performed on a range of cells, which includes blood, liver, kidney, brain, gill, bone marrow and sperm cells. These cells are readily used for the evaluation of a wide spectrum of genotoxic agents both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the use of vertebrate models and their role in environmental biomonitoring will also be discussed as well as the comparison of the use of the comet assay in vertebrate and human models in line with ethical principles. Although the comet assay in vertebrates is most commonly used in laboratory animals such as mice, rats and lately zebrafish, this paper will only briefly review its use regarding laboratory animal models and rather give special emphasis to the increasing usage of the assay in domestic and wildlife animals as well as in various ecotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Gajski
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Bojana Žegura
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Carina Ladeira
- H&TRC - Health & Technology Research Center, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Centro de Investigação e Estudos em Saúde de Publica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Matjaž Novak
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Monika Sramkova
- Biomedical Research Center, Cancer Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Bertrand Pourrut
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Cristian Del Bo'
- DeFENS-Division of Human Nutrition, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirta Milić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Solange Costa
- Environmental Health Department, National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry-MILK, NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Gunnar Brunborg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrew Collins
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Pinheiro JPS, Assis CBD, Muñoz-Peñuela M, Barbosa Júnior F, Correia TG, Moreira RG. Water temperature and acid pH influence the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of aluminum in the freshwater teleost Astyanax altiparanae (Teleostei: Characidae). CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 220:266-274. [PMID: 30590293 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of metals, including aluminum (Al), can be potentiated by temperature and acid pH, a concern in view of the current global warming scenario. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioconcentration of Al in the testes and semen of Astyanax altiparanae and the potential of this metal, at different environmental temperatures and acid pH, to cause cytotoxicity and genotocixity in erythrocytes and spermatozoa. A. altiparanae males were divided into nine experimental groups: at each of three different water temperatures (20, 25 and 30 °C), the fish were exposed to a neutral pH, an acid pH and acidic water containing Al (0.5 mg.L-1). The fish were subjected to subacute, semi-static exposure and sampled at 24 and 96 h. After each exposure period the comet assay (blood and semen) and micronucleus test (blood) were performed. Bioconcentration of Al was evaluated in the testes and semen. Exposure time and temperature influenced the Al bioconcentration pattern in the testes. Al concentration in the semen was higher in fish exposed at 20 and 25 °C (24 h). The DNA fragmentation score for the semen and blood was higher in fish exposed to Al at 20 (24 h) and 30 °C (96 h). The frequency of nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes was higher in the group exposed to Al at 30 °C (96 h). It was concluded that Al bioconcentrates in the testes and semen of A. altiparanae at different temperatures and is potentially cytotoxic and genotoxic to erythrocytes and spermatozoa in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Silva Pinheiro
- Universidade de São Paulo, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Metabolism and Reproduction of Aquatic Organisms - LAMEROA; Matão Street, 14 lane, number 101 - room 220, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cecília Bertacini de Assis
- Universidade de São Paulo, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Metabolism and Reproduction of Aquatic Organisms - LAMEROA; Matão Street, 14 lane, number 101 - room 220, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcela Muñoz-Peñuela
- Universidade de São Paulo, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Metabolism and Reproduction of Aquatic Organisms - LAMEROA; Matão Street, 14 lane, number 101 - room 220, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Barbosa Júnior
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), Café Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Tiago Gabriel Correia
- Universidade Federal do Amapá, Biological Sciences Course, Juscelino Kubitschek Highway, Km 02 - Jardim Marco Zero, Macapá, AP, Brazil.
| | - Renata Guimarães Moreira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Metabolism and Reproduction of Aquatic Organisms - LAMEROA; Matão Street, 14 lane, number 101 - room 220, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Mezhzherin SV, Tsyba AA, Saliy TV, Pavlenko LI. Nucleus Fragmentations in Diploid-Polyploid Populations of Spined-Loaches of the Genus Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758. CYTOL GENET+ 2018. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452718060087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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