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Uong SP, Torres JM, Alexeeff SE, Morey BN, Caan BJ, Kushi LH, Kroenke CH. Differences in Smoking Behavior by Nativity, Race/Ethnicity, and Education among Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024; 33:694-702. [PMID: 38345508 PMCID: PMC11062809 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated smoking differences across nativity and race/ethnicity among women diagnosed with breast cancer. METHODS In our Northern Californian pooled population of 5,653 [670 Asian, 690 Hispanic, and 4,300 non-Hispanic White (White)] women diagnosed with breast cancer, we evaluated smoking differences across nativity, race/ethnicity, and acculturation and effect modification of nativity by race/ethnicity and education. RESULTS Foreign-born women currently smoked less than US-born women [odds ratio (OR) = 0.46, 95% confidence limit (CL): 0.29-0.72]. Hispanic (OR = 0.50; 95% CL: 0.32-0.78) women currently smoked less than White women. Among those who ever smoked (n = 2,557), foreign-born women smoked 5.23 fewer pack-years (PY) than US-born women (95% CL: -2.75 to -7.70). Furthermore, Asian (-4.60, 95% CL: -0.81 to -8.39) and Hispanic (-6.79, 95% CL: -4.14 to -9.43) women smoked fewer PY than White women. Associations were generally suggestive of greater smoking with greater acculturation (immigration age, US years, survey language). Finally, associations for nativity differed by education but not race/ethnicity, with a higher likelihood of smoking in US-born women only among those with less than a bachelor's degree (OR = 2.84, 95% CL: 2.15-3.77; current smoking: P = 0.01, PY: P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Asian and Hispanic (vs. White) and foreign-born (vs. US-born) breast cancer survivors reported fewer smoking behaviors. Smoking differences across nativity and education were driven by higher rates of smoking in US-born women with lower educational attainment. IMPACT Smoking behavioral patterns were similar among breast cancer survivors and the general population, informing potential smoking interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P. Uong
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, CA
| | | | - Stacey E. Alexeeff
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, CA
| | | | - Bette J. Caan
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, CA
| | - Lawrence H. Kushi
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, CA
| | - Candyce H. Kroenke
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, CA
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Cranford HM, Koru-Sengul T, Lopes G, Pinheiro PS. Lung Cancer Incidence by Detailed Race-Ethnicity. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072164. [PMID: 37046824 PMCID: PMC10093016 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) incidence rates and tumor characteristics among (non-Hispanic) Black and Hispanic detailed groups, normally characterized in aggregate, have been overlooked in the US. We used LC data from the Florida state cancer registry, 2012-2018, to compute LC age-adjusted incidence rates (AAIR) for US-born Black, Caribbean-born Black, Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Dominican, and Central and South American populations. We analyzed 120,550 total LC cases. Among Hispanics, Cuban males had the highest AAIR (65.6 per 100,000; 95%CI: 63.6-67.6), only 8% [Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR): 0.92; 95%CI: 0.89-0.95] lower than Whites, but 2.7 (IRR 95%CI: 2.31-3.19) times higher than Central Americans. Among Blacks, the AAIR for US-born Black males was over three times that of those Caribbean-born (IRR: 3.12; 95%CI: 2.80-3.40) and 14% higher than White males (IRR: 1.14; 95%CI: 1.11-1.18). Among women, US-born Blacks (46.4 per 100,000) and foreign-born Mexicans (12.2 per 100,000) had the highest and lowest rates. Aggregation of non-Hispanic Blacks or Hispanics obscures inherent disparities within groups. Understanding the distinct LC rates in US populations is crucial for targeting public health measures for LC diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Further LC research exploring detailed race-ethnicity regarding LC in never-smokers is necessary, particularly among females and considering pertinent environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Cranford
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Tulay Koru-Sengul
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Gilberto Lopes
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Paulo S Pinheiro
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Meza R, Cao P, Jeon J, Fleischer NL, Holford TR, Levy DT, Tam J. Patterns of Birth Cohort‒Specific Smoking Histories by Race and Ethnicity in the U.S. Am J Prev Med 2023; 64:S11-S21. [PMID: 36653232 PMCID: PMC10362802 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION U.S. smoking prevalence varies greatly by race/ethnicity. However, little is known about how smoking initiation, cessation, and intensity vary by birth cohort and race/ethnicity. METHODS Adult smoking data were obtained from the 1978-2018 National Health Interview Surveys. Age‒period‒cohort models with constrained natural splines were developed to estimate historical smoking patterns among non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, non-Hispanic Asian and Pacific Islander, and non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaskan Native individuals. Annual smoking prevalence and probabilities of smoking initiation, cessation, and intensity by age, year, gender, and race/ethnicity were estimated for the 1900 to 2000 birth cohorts. Analysis was conducted in 2020-2021. RESULTS Smoking initiation probabilities were highest for the American Indian and Alaskan Native population, second highest among the non-Hispanic White population, and lowest among Asian and Pacific Islander and Hispanic populations across birth cohorts. Historically, initiation probabilities among non-Hispanic Black populations were comparable with those among non-Hispanic White populations but have decreased since the 1970 birth cohort. Cessation probabilities were lowest among American Indian and Alaskan Native and non-Hispanic Black populations and highest among non-Hispanic White and Asian and Pacific Islander populations across cohorts and ages. Initiation and cessation probabilities produce observed patterns of smoking where prevalence among American Indian and Alaskan Native populations is highest across all ages and cohorts. Across cohorts, smoking prevalence among non-Hispanic Black populations, particularly males, is lower than among non-Hispanic White populations at younger ages but higher at older ages. CONCLUSIONS There are important and persistent racial/ethnic differences in smoking prevalence, initiation, cessation, and intensity across U.S. birth cohorts. Targeted interventions should address widening smoking disparities by race/ethnicity, particularly for American Indian and Alaskan Native and non-Hispanic Black populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Meza
- From the Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Pianpian Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jihyoun Jeon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nancy L Fleischer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Theodore R Holford
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - David T Levy
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jamie Tam
- and the Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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Juárez SP, Honkaniemi H, Gustafsson NK, Rostila M, Berg L. Health Risk Behaviours by Immigrants’ Duration of Residence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604437. [PMID: 35990194 PMCID: PMC9388735 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim was to systematically review and synthesise international evidence on changes in health risk behaviours by immigrants’ duration of residence. Methods: We searched literature databases for peer-reviewed quantitative studies published from 2000 to 2019, examining alcohol, drug and tobacco use; physical inactivity; and dietary habits by duration of residence. Results: Narrative synthesis indicated that immigrants tend to adopt health risk behaviours with longer residence in North America, with larger variation in effect sizes and directionality in other contexts. Random-effects meta-analyses examining the pooled effect across all receiving countries and immigrant groups showed lower odds of smoking (OR 0.54, 0.46–0.63, I2 = 68.7%) and alcohol use (OR 0.61, 0.47–0.75, I2 = 93.5%) and higher odds of physical inactivity (OR 1.71, 1.40–2.02, I2 = 99.1%) among immigrants than natives, but did not provide support for a universal trend by duration of residence. Conclusion: Findings suggest that duration of residence could serve as an effective instrument to monitor immigrants’ health changes. However, differences in receiving country contexts and immigrant populations’ composition seem to be important to predict the level and direction of behavioural change. Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, PROSPERO CRD42018108881.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol P. Juárez
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Sol P. Juárez,
| | - Helena Honkaniemi
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nina-Katri Gustafsson
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rostila
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa Berg
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Lei F, Zheng Y. Perceptions of lung cancer screening and smoking behavior change among Chinese immigrants: A systematic review. Tob Induc Dis 2021; 19:30. [PMID: 33867907 PMCID: PMC8051433 DOI: 10.18332/tid/133579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among Chinese immigrants in the US. Smoking cessation and lung cancer screening are effective ways to decrease lung cancer mortality. This study aims to investigate Chinese immigrants' perceptions of lung cancer screening and to explore the factors/barriers associated with their smoking behavior/cessation. METHODS A systematic review design with narrative methods was used. Electronic literature databases, including PubMed, CINAHL and Google Scholar were searched. RESULTS A total of 11 articles met the search criteria. Methodological rigor of the studies was evaluated by Bowling's checklist and Critical Appraisal Skills Program checklist. Data search revealed that a limited amount of research has been done on Chinese immigrants' perceptions of lung cancer screening. Factors influencing their smoking behavior included personal characteristics, psychological status, acculturation, and cues from external environment. Barriers to their smoking cessation behavior included language barriers, individual's unwillingness to use smoking cessation assistance methods, healthcare environment's insufficiency to counter pro-smoking norms, lack of social support, and wrong personal beliefs. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study could help healthcare providers to design culturally tailored lung cancer screening programs and smoking cessation projects to decrease morbidity and mortality rates of lung cancer among Chinese immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lei
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Ying Zheng
- Shenzhen Nanshan Medical Group Headquarter, Shenzhen, China
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Kim MJ, Gorman BK. Acculturation and Self-rated Health Among Asian Immigrants: The Role of Gender and Age. POPULATION RESEARCH AND POLICY REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11113-021-09642-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractUsing the 2002–2003 National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS), we examine the relationship between acculturation and poor-to-fair self-rated health (SRH) among Asian immigrants (N = 1639). Using latent class analysis, we construct a multidimensional measure of acculturation that considers dimensions of involvement in U.S. culture as well as attachment to Asian ethnic cultures and identify three classes of Asian immigrants: the assimilated, who most strongly adhere to U.S. culture; the integrated, who align with both U.S. and Asian ethnic cultures; and the separated, who are almost exclusively attached to Asian ethnic cultures. Logistic regression results revealed that among the pooled sample of Asian immigrant adults, the separated are significantly more likely to report poor-to-fair SRH than the assimilated. We then tested for gender and age differences in the acculturation–SRH relationship, and found that stratifying by gender yields noticeably different patterns. Among Asian immigrant women, the probability of reporting poor-to-fair SRH increases with age for the separated and the integrated, while it declines with age for the assimilated. Conversely, among Asian immigrant men, the probability of reporting poor-to-fair SRH increases most steeply with age for the assimilated, while it is shallower for the separated and the integrated. Future research should continue to develop a dynamic understanding of acculturation and examine its association with other health outcomes, including how these relationships differ across subsets of immigrant groups.
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Badanta B, Lucchetti G, Fernández-García E, Barrientos-Trigo S. Prevalence and factors associated with substance use among Chinese immigrants in Spain: A mixed-design study. Public Health Nurs 2020; 38:339-349. [PMID: 33368553 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the use of tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs and its associated factors among Chinese immigrants living in Spain. DESIGN AND MEASURES A mixed-method design, using surveys and semi-structured interviews. SAMPLE A total of 133 Chinese immigrants and stakeholders were assessed in the quantitative study and 7 stakeholders were interviewed in the qualitative study. RESULTS The use of tobacco and alcohol was higher than the use of illicit drugs in Chinese immigrants. The prevalence of daily smokers was greater in men than in women (37.3% vs. 2.5%, p < .001). Men consumed more alcohol (76% vs. 50.6%, p = .004) and more frequently (21.6% daily vs. 2.4%, p = .024) than women. The use of illicit drugs was low and Cannabis was the most illicit drug consumed (4%). Qualitative data revealed that due to a great workload, the workers tended to avoid behaviors of illicit drug consumption, but not of alcohol and tobacco, in which the consumption is associated with business meetings and leisure. CONCLUSION This study found that Chinese immigrants in Spain consume more alcohol and tobacco than illicit drugs and that men have a high consumption compared to women. These findings reveal important cultural differences that should be addressed by public health managers in order to develop strategies that consider the characteristics of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Badanta
- Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy, and Podiatry, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Research Group under the Andalusian Research CTS 1050 Complex Care, Chronic and Health Outcomes Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Giancarlo Lucchetti
- Research Group under the Andalusian Research CTS 1050 Complex Care, Chronic and Health Outcomes Seville, Seville, Spain.,School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Elena Fernández-García
- Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy, and Podiatry, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Research Group under the Andalusian Research CTS 1050 Complex Care, Chronic and Health Outcomes Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Sergio Barrientos-Trigo
- Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy, and Podiatry, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Research Group under the Andalusian Research CTS 1050 Complex Care, Chronic and Health Outcomes Seville, Seville, Spain
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Kroenke CH, Le GM, Conroy SM, Canchola AJ, Shariff-Marco S, Gomez SL. Egocentric social networks, lifestyle behaviors, and body size in the Asian Community Health Initiative (CHI) cohort. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232239. [PMID: 32374741 PMCID: PMC7202641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social networks have been shown to influence lifestyle behaviors in non-Latinx white (NLW) populations. We examined their influence in Asian American, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (AANHPI) women. METHODS We included 477 AANHPI women from the Asian Community Health Initiative Study who provided egocentric (degree, density, composition) and epidemiologic (size, types of ties) social network data and data on alcohol intake, physical activity, smoking, diet, and body size. We used logistic regression to evaluate associations of social network measures and dichotomous outcomes, and linear regression for continuous outcomes. RESULTS In multivariable-adjusted analyses, higher degree and/or proportion of friends were significantly related to higher Western diet, higher odds of any alcohol consumption, and lower odds of physical inactivity and body mass index (BMI)≥23 kg/m2. Additionally, a higher proportion of NLW in women's networks was related to lower Asian diet but also lower waist size. Community participation was related to higher Western diet and lower Asian diet. By contrast, degree and/or proportion of relatives were positively related to BMI, waist size and to a higher odds of BMI≥23 kg/m2 and of ever smoking 100 cigarettes. Being married was related to fewer alcoholic drinks per week and higher Asian diet. A higher density of relationships with frequent contact was also associated with higher Asian diet. CONCLUSIONS AANHPI women with larger proportions of friends and NLWs in their networks had more Western health behaviors and smaller body size. Norms for health behaviors and body size may be influenced by the size, composition, and structure of social networks, relevant to chronic disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candyce H. Kroenke
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, United States of America
| | - Gem M. Le
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCSF Center for Vulnerable Populations, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Shannon M. Conroy
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCSF Center for Vulnerable Populations, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Alison J. Canchola
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Salma Shariff-Marco
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Scarlett Lin Gomez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
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Report of Health Behavior Modification Among Latinos Diagnosed With Multiple Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Med Care 2019; 58:59-64. [PMID: 31688551 DOI: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000001237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and type II diabetes are leading cardiovascular risk factors in the United States, and Latinos are disproportionately burdened by these chronic health conditions. The extent to which Latinos overall and by language spoken at home report health behavior modification following diagnosis is poorly understood. METHODS Our inclusion criteria included participants sampled in the 2011-2016 waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey who self-identified as Latinos, were 20 years of age or above, and reported a diagnosis of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia or diabetes (N=2027). We examined associations between the language spoken at home and report of adoption of 3 recommended health behaviors in the past year: weight loss, leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and smoking cessation. Separate log-binomial models were fit to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) for each health behavior. RESULTS Approximately one third (28%) of study participants had been diagnosed with diabetes and more than half reported a diagnosis of hypercholesterolemia (65%) or hypertension (60%). Most Latinos met the highest levels of smoking cessation criteria (82%), whereas less than a third met LTPA recommendations (29%) or attempted weight loss (24%) in the past year. Fully adjusted outcome specific models showed that exclusively speaking English at home was associated with a higher probability of reporting weight loss attempt and LTPA compared with Spanish only speakers, although only LTPA was statistically significant [weight loss PR: 1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.92, 1.65; LTPA PR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.37, 2.20; smoking cessation PR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.86, 1.01]. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide new evidence on patterns of behavioral modification in a population-based sample of Latinos diagnosed with chronic health conditions. Findings suggest the need to promote language and culturally relevant initiatives to increase the adoption of health-enhancing behaviors and improve chronic disease management among Spanish-speaking Latinos.
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Cheung YTD, Lam TH, Li WHC, Wang MP, Chan SSC. Feasibility, Efficacy, and Cost Analysis of Promoting Smoking Cessation at Outdoor Smoking "Hotspots": A Pre-Post Study. Nicotine Tob Res 2019; 20:1519-1524. [PMID: 28655173 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction To motivate smokers to quit, there is a need for enhanced smoking cessation (SC) recruitment and for innovative and proactive approaches to SC. This study evaluated the feasibility, efficacy, and cost of promoting SC in public outdoor areas where smokers gather to smoke (smoking hotspots). Methods We selected 14 smoking hotspots in Hong Kong for SC promotion in 2015. University students were trained as SC ambassadors to deliver brief SC intervention, and to recruit smokers for telephone follow-up. The proportion of smokers accepting the intervention components was recorded. Self-reported abstinence in the past 7 days and knowledge of smoking and health were assessed at the 6-month follow-up. The average costs of each smoker receiving our intervention and quitting were also compared. Results Of 3,080 smokers approached, 1,278 (41.5%) accepted the souvenir and 920 (29.9%) received brief advice. Of the 210 (6.8%) who consented to the follow-up, 24.5% were aged 15-29 and 46.4% were aged 30-49. Of the 151 smokers successfully contacted within 1 month after recruitment, 16 (10.6%; 1.3% of the 1,278 who received any form of intervention) reported abstinence, and their overall knowledge improved. The average costs for a smoker to receive brief advice, consent to follow up by telephone, attempt to quit, and quit successfully at the 6-month follow-up were US$30, US$132, US$601, and US$1,626, respectively. Conclusions Promoting SC at smoking hotspots could be a feasible way to achieve satisfactory quitting outcomes at low cost and is useful in the absence of the strengthening of tobacco policies. Implications Our study indicates that outdoor smoking hotspots are feasible platforms for promoting SC and recruiting smokers for cessation services; satisfactory outcomes can be achieved at a reasonable cost. Our promotion was particularly useful for recruiting young smokers and those who want to quit. It is feasible and efficacious to raise smokers' awareness of SC when other tobacco control policies not feasible. Indoor smoking bans or other substantial tobacco control policies could enhance the efficiency with which SC is promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tai Hing Lam
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | | | - Man Ping Wang
- School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Yang FJ. Is childhood migration a mental health risk? Exploring health behaviors and psychosocial resources as pathways using the cross-sectional Canadian Community Health Survey. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2019; 83:102303. [PMID: 31422841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Drawing on the Stress Process Model, this study investigates the effect of early migration on health behaviors and psychosocial resources. Further, I consider whether health behaviors and psychosocial processes lead to higher psychological distress for childhood immigrants in adulthood. Cross-sectional data from the Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health 2012 (N = 4282) reveal that compared to adult immigrants, childhood immigrants are not only four times more likely to use drugs, but also experience greater interpersonal strain. However, health behaviors such as these contribute less to psychological distress than do psychosocial resources. Additionally, longer duration of migration is found to reduce psychological distress when controlling for age at migration, thus suggesting the migrant health literature should examine age-salient life challenges at the time of migration, instead of continuing to use duration of migration as a proxy for negative acculturation.
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Saw A, Paterniti DA, Fung LC, Tsoh JY, Tong EK. Perspectives of Chinese American smoker and nonsmoker household pairs about the creating smokefree living together program. Cancer 2019; 124 Suppl 7:1599-1606. [PMID: 29578597 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese men smoke at high rates, and this puts household members at risk for tobacco-related diseases. Culturally responsive interventions that provide education and support are needed to promote smokefree living and reduce smoke exposure, particularly for US immigrants who experience changes in smokefree social norms. This qualitative study examines perspectives of Chinese American smoker and nonsmoker household pairs in the Creating Smokefree Living Together program. METHODS Four focus groups were conducted with 30 Chinese American participants (15 smokers and 15 nonsmokers) who, in household pairs, completed smokefree education interventions of either brief or moderate intensity. Nearly three-quarters of the smokers continued to smoke after the intervention at the time of focus group participation. All smokers were male, and most household nonsmokers were female spouses. All participants had limited English proficiency. Focus group meetings were recorded, and the recordings were translated and transcribed. Transcripts and field notes were thematically analyzed. RESULTS The following themes, shared by smokers and nonsmokers across interventions, were identified: 1) there was a preference for dyadic and group interventions because of the support offered, 2) increased knowledge of the health harms of smoke exposure within a pair improved the nonsmoker's support for smokefree living, 3) learning communication strategies improved household relationships and assertiveness for smokefree environments, 4) biochemical feedback was useful but had short-term effects, and 5) project magnets provided cues to action. CONCLUSIONS Involving household partners is critical to smokefree interventions. Simple reminders at home appear to be more powerful than personal biochemical feedback of smoke exposure for sustaining motivation and engagement in ongoing behavioral changes within the household. Cancer 2018;124:1599-606. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Saw
- Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Debora A Paterniti
- Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, Davis Medical Center, University of California, Sacramento, California.,Department of Sociology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California
| | - Lei-Chun Fung
- Chinatown Public Health Center, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, California
| | - Janice Y Tsoh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Elisa K Tong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Medical Center, University of California, Sacramento, California
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Wang Y, Laestadius L, Stimpson JP, Wilson FA. Association Between E-Cigarette Use and Acculturation Among Adult Immigrants in the United States. SUBSTANCE ABUSE-RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2019; 13:1178221819855086. [PMID: 31223233 PMCID: PMC6566478 DOI: 10.1177/1178221819855086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite a dramatic increase in e-cigarette popularity in recent years, the relationship between acculturation and e-cigarette use among immigrants largely remains unknown. We investigated the association between acculturation, measured by both self-reported English proficiency and length of stay in the United States, and immigrants’ use of e-cigarettes using data from the 2016-2017 National Health Interview Survey. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine the associations of acculturation factors with ever and current use of e-cigarettes. We found that high English proficiency increased the odds of ever using e-cigarettes among immigrants (adjusted odds ratios: “well,” 2.22; “very well,” 3.24; with the reference group being “not well”). The association was significant among only men. However, we did not find a significant association between length of stay in the United States and e-cigarette use after adjusting for English proficiency. Future research is warranted to investigate how peer use, family-level factors, country of origin, and marketing strategies jointly influence e-cigarette use among immigrants, especially men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Public Health Policy & Administration, Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Linnea Laestadius
- Public Health Policy & Administration, Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jim P Stimpson
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fernando A Wilson
- Department of Health Services Research & Administration, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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14
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Zhao X, Peterson EB, Oh KM, Cai X. Using graphic text-messaging to promote smoking cessation among first-generation Chinese and Korean male immigrants. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2019; 34:332-344. [PMID: 30805618 PMCID: PMC6795039 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyz006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
First-generation Chinese and Korean male immigrants in the United States are at high risk for tobacco use. This study pilot-tested a graphic, native-language text-messaging intervention to promote smoking cessation among these groups. First-generation Chinese and Korean male immigrant smokers (N = 71) were recruited from the Washington DC area. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions based on a between-subjects 2 (graphic plus text or text-only messages) � 2 (quitline information or quitting tips) design. The text-messaging intervention included 30 text messages in total and lasted one month. Participants completed an expired air carbon monoxide (CO) assessment and self-reported measures at both baseline and follow-up. Results show that, from baseline to follow-up, participants' expired air CO levels decreased significantly (P = 0.001). Attitude toward quitting also became more positive (P = 0.028). Compared with text-only messages, graphic text messages produced greater positive changes in quitting attitudes (P = 0.039) and elicited greater fear response (P = 0.005). Compared with quitting tip messages, quitline information resulted in greater regret (P = 0.016) and fear (P = 0.051). These findings suggest that graphic text-messaging can be an effective method to promote smoking cessation among first-generation Chinese and Korean male immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoquan Zhao
- Department of Communication, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Emily B Peterson
- National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kyeung Mi Oh
- School of Nursing, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Xiaomei Cai
- Department of Communication, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA, USA
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15
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Thomas SC, Umer A, Commodore-Mensah Y, Davidov D, Abildso CG. Length of Residence and Cardiovascular Health among Afro-Caribbean Immigrants in New York City. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2019; 6:487-496. [PMID: 30547300 PMCID: PMC6500463 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-018-00547-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) disproportionately affects non-Hispanic blacks (NHB) in the United States (U.S.). Afro-Caribbean (AC) immigrants comprise over 50% of the immigrant black population and are critical in understanding the health trajectories of blacks in the U.S. We assessed the relationship between length of residence (proxy measure for acculturation) and cardiovascular health (CVH) based on the American Heart Association's (AHA) seven ideal cardiovascular health components among AC immigrants in New York City (NYC). CVH scores were categorized into poor/intermediate CVH (0-3 components) or ideal CVH (≥ 4 components). Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between length of residence in the U.S. and poor/intermediate CVH. In adjusted models, the odds of poor/intermediate CVH were significantly higher for Guyanese (OR = 3.51; 95% CI 1.03-11.95) and Haitian immigrants (OR = 8.02; 95% CI 1.88-34.12) residing in the U.S. for ≥ 10 years than for those living in the U.S. for < 10 years. Length of residence was not significantly associated with CVH among Jamaican immigrants. We found evidence of ethnic differences in the association between acculturation and CVH among AC immigrants in a major metropolitan city. Culturally tailored interventions are needed to improve the CVH of AC immigrants as they become integrated into the U.S., with special consideration of country of birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabena C Thomas
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, West Virginia University School of Public Health, 64 Medical Center Drive, P.O. Box 9190, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9190, USA
| | - Amna Umer
- Department of Pediatrics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 64 Medical Center Drive, P.O. Box 9214, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9214, USA
| | | | - Danielle Davidov
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, West Virginia University School of Public Health, 64 Medical Center Drive, P.O. Box 9190, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9190, USA
| | - Christiaan G Abildso
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, West Virginia University School of Public Health, 64 Medical Center Drive, P.O. Box 9190, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9190, USA.
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Acculturation Versus Cultural Retention: The Interactive Impact of Acculturation and Co-ethnic Ties on Substance Use Among Chinese Students in the United States. J Immigr Minor Health 2019; 20:546-560. [PMID: 28528462 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-017-0598-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Acculturation is often found to increase substance use among immigrants in the U.S., but such effect may depend on how immigrants are attached to their co-ethnic community. Meanwhile, the high socioeconomic status of some new immigrant groups also challenges the classical assumption that ties to co-ethnic community are associated with deviance. With a sample (n = 960) collected from a population of Chinese students in a large public university in the U.S., we tested how do the interplays between acculturation and co-ethnic ties affect substance use. This study establishes that: (1) different dimensions of acculturation have opposite effects on substance use; (2) acculturative stress does not explain the association between acculturation and substance use; (3) acculturation increases the likelihood of substance use only when one has weak attachment to their co-ethnic community. The findings are consistent for three dependent variables: smoking, drinking, and drunkenness, and for the different constructs of acculturation and co-ethnic ties. Ties to co-ethnic community may provide important social support for immigrants, while acculturation may alleviate the insular subculture that promotes at-risk behaviors. We encourage policy makers to consider the cooperative nature of acculturation and cultural retention for the improvement of health among this growing population.
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17
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Intergenerational transmission of gender social norms and teenage smoking. Soc Sci Med 2019; 222:122-132. [PMID: 30623797 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides evidence of different teenage-smoking dynamics between genders with social progression. In particular, we find that descending from more gender-equal societies makes girls relatively more prone to smoke than those from less gender-equal societies relative to their male counterparts. Using data from over 6,000 second-generation immigrant teenagers sharing culture and institutions from one host country (Spain) but coming from 45 different countries of ancestry, we find that the higher the degree of gender equality in the country of ancestry, the higher the likelihood that girls smoke relative to boys. Our result holds even after we control for parental, sibling, and peer smoking, as well as for country-of-ancestry indicators of economic development and the smoking gender gap, among others.
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Xu H, Vorderstrasse AA, McConnell ES, Dupre ME, Østbye T, Wu B. Migration and cognitive function: a conceptual framework for Global Health Research. Glob Health Res Policy 2018; 3:34. [PMID: 30519639 PMCID: PMC6267896 DOI: 10.1186/s41256-018-0088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migration is a fundamental demographic process that has been observed globally. It is suggested that migration is an issue of global health importance that can have an immediate and lasting impact on an individual's health and well-being. There is now an increasing body of evidence linking migration with cognitive function in older adults. In this paper, we synthesized the current evidence to develop a general conceptual framework to understand the factors contributing to the association between migration and cognitive function. METHODS A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted on the associations between migration and cognition among middle-aged and older adults. RESULTS Five potential mechanisms were identified from the literature: 1) socioeconomic status-including education, occupation, and income; 2) psychosocial factors-including social networks, social support, social stressors, and discrimination; 3) behavioral factors-including smoking, drinking, and health service utilization; 4) physical and psychological health status-including chronic conditions, physical function, and depression; and 5) environmental factors-including both physical and social environment. Several underlying factors were also identified-including early-life conditions, gender, and genetic factors. CONCLUSIONS The factors linking migration and cognitive function are multidimensional and complex. This conceptual framework highlights potential implications for global health policies and planning on healthy aging and migrant health. Additional studies are needed to further examine these mechanisms to extend and refine our general conceptual framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhang Xu
- 1School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
- 2Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | | | - Eleanor S McConnell
- 1School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
- 4Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Durham, NC USA
| | - Matthew E Dupre
- 5Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
- 6Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
- 7Department of Sociology, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Truls Østbye
- 1School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
- 2Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
- 6Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
- 8Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Bei Wu
- 3New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York, NY USA
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19
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Corlin L, Ball S, Woodin M, Patton AP, Lane K, Durant JL, Brugge D. Relationship of Time-Activity-Adjusted Particle Number Concentration with Blood Pressure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15092036. [PMID: 30231494 PMCID: PMC6165221 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15092036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests long-term exposure to ultrafine particulate matter (UFP, aerodynamic diameter < 0.1 µm) is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. We investigated whether annual average UFP exposure was associated with measured systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse pressure (PP), and hypertension prevalence among 409 adults participating in the cross-sectional Community Assessment of Freeway Exposure and Health (CAFEH) study. We used measurements of particle number concentration (PNC, a proxy for UFP) obtained from mobile monitoring campaigns in three near-highway and three urban background areas in and near Boston, Massachusetts to develop PNC regression models (20-m spatial and hourly temporal resolution). Individual modeled estimates were adjusted for time spent in different micro-environments (time-activity-adjusted PNC, TAA-PNC). Mean TAA-PNC was 22,000 particles/cm3 (sd = 6500). In linear models (logistic for hypertension) adjusted for the minimally sufficient set of covariates indicated by a directed acyclic graph (DAG), we found positive, non-significant associations between natural log-transformed TAA-PNC and SBP (β = 5.23, 95%CI: −0.68, 11.14 mmHg), PP (β = 4.27, 95%CI: −0.79, 9.32 mmHg), and hypertension (OR = 1.81, 95%CI: 0.94, 3.48), but not DBP (β = 0.96, 95%CI: −2.08, 4.00 mmHg). Associations were stronger among non-Hispanic white participants and among diabetics in analyses stratified by race/ethnicity and, separately, by health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Corlin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, 200 College Ave, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 470, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Shannon Ball
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, 200 College Ave, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Mark Woodin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, 200 College Ave, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Allison P Patton
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, 200 College Ave, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
- Health Effects Institute, 75 Federal Street, Suite 1400, Boston, MA 02110, USA.
| | - Kevin Lane
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - John L Durant
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, 200 College Ave, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| | - Doug Brugge
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, 200 College Ave, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
- Tufts University Jonathan M. Tisch College of Civic Life, 35 Professors Row, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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20
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Felicitas-Perkins JQ, Sakuma KLK, Blanco L, Fagan P, Pérez-Stable EJ, Bostean G, Xie B, Trinidad DR. Smoking Among Hispanic/Latino Nationality Groups and Whites, Comparisons Between California and the United States. Nicotine Tob Res 2018; 20:1085-1094. [PMID: 29059350 PMCID: PMC6093426 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Although California is home to the largest Hispanic/Latino population, few studies have compared smoking behavior trends of Hispanic/Latino nationality groups in California to the remaining United States, which may identify the impact of the states antitobacco efforts on these groups. This study compared smoking status, frequency, and intensity among Mexican Americans, Central/South Americans, and non-Hispanic Whites in California to the remaining United States in the 1990s and 2000s. Methods Data were analyzed using the 1992-2011 Current Population Survey Tobacco Use Supplement to report the estimated prevalence of smoking status, frequency, and intensity by decade, race/ethnicity, and state residence. Weighted logistic regression explored sociodemographic factors associated with never and heavy smoking (≥20 cigarettes per day). Results There were absolute overall increases from 6.8% to 9.6% in never smoking across all groups. Compared to the remaining United States, there was a greater decrease in heavy smoking among Mexican American current smokers in California (5.1%) and a greater increase in light and intermittent smokers among Central/South American current smokers in California (9.3%) between decades. Compared to those living in the remaining United States, smokers living in California had lower odds of heavy smoking (1990s: odds ratio [OR] = 0.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.62, 0.66; 2000s: 0.54, 95% CI = 0.52, 0.55). Conclusions California state residence significantly impacted smoking behaviors as indicated by significant differences in smoking intensity between California and the remaining United States among Hispanic/Latino nationality groups. Understanding smoking behaviors across Hispanic/Latino nationality groups in California and the United States can inform tobacco control and smoking prevention strategies for these groups. Implications The present study explored the differences in smoking behaviors between Whites, Mexican Americans, and Central South/Americans living in California versus the rest of the United States in the 1990s and the 2000s. The results contribute to our current knowledge as there have been minimal efforts to provide disaggregated cigarette consumption information among Hispanic/Latino nationality groups. Additionally, by comparing cigarette consumption between those in California and the remaining United States, our data may provide insight into the impact of California's antitobacco efforts in reaching Hispanic/Latino subpopulations relative to the remaining US states, many of which have had less tobacco control policy implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kari-Lyn K Sakuma
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Lyzette Blanco
- School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA
- Lyzette Blanco is now at Touro University Worldwide, Los Alamitos, CA, USA
| | - Pebbles Fagan
- Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI
- Pebbles Fagan is now at College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Eliseo J Pérez-Stable
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Georgiana Bostean
- Department of Sociology and Environmental Science & Policy, Chapman University, Orange, CA
| | - Bin Xie
- School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA
| | - Dennis R Trinidad
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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Kossova T, Kossova E, Sheluntcova M. Anti-smoking policy in Russia: Relevant factors and program planning. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2018; 69:43-52. [PMID: 29674222 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we consider anti-smoking policy in Russia and the socioeconomic factors that influence an individual's decision to smoke. Among various factors, we investigate the individual time preferences of Russians. To estimate individual time preferences, we use an experiment in which survey respondents are given hypothetical money prizes. We find that being middle-aged, being unmarried and having parents who smoke are positively correlated with both men and women's likelihood of taking up smoking in Russia. We consider the possible endogeneity of an individual's health status and find a positive relationship between smoking and the time preferences of Russians. Our findings confirm that decisionmakers should devote their efforts primarily to developing restrictive anti-smoking policy. The choice of policy measures should be guided by the individual characteristics of target population groups. Social advertising, public lectures and preventive care should be actively engaged in forming public attitudes towards smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Kossova
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20 Myasnitskaya Street, Moscow 101000, Russia
| | - Elena Kossova
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20 Myasnitskaya Street, Moscow 101000, Russia
| | - Maria Sheluntcova
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20 Myasnitskaya Street, Moscow 101000, Russia.
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Mao A, Bottorff JL, Oliffe JL, Sarbit G, Kelly MT. A Qualitative Study on Chinese Canadian Male Immigrants' Perspectives on Stopping Smoking: Implications for Tobacco Control in China. Am J Mens Health 2018; 12:812-818. [PMID: 27099344 PMCID: PMC6131442 DOI: 10.1177/1557988316644050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
China has the largest number of smokers in the world; more than half of adult men smoke. Chinese immigrants smoke at lower rates than the mainstream population and other immigrant groups do. This qualitative study was to explore the influence of denormalization in Canada on male Chinese immigrant smoking after migration. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 22 male Chinese Canadian immigrants who were currently smoking or had quit smoking in the past 5 years. The study identified that, while becoming a prospective/father prompted the Chinese smokers to quit or reduce their smoking due to concern of the impacts of their smoking on the health of their young children, changes in smoking were also associated with the smoking environment. Four facilitators were identified which were related to the denomormalized smoking environment in Canada: (a) the stigma related to being a smoker in Canada, (b) conformity with Canadian smoking bans in public places, (c) the reduced social function of smoking in Canadian culture, and (d) the impact of graphic health messages on cigarette packs. Denormalization of tobacco in Canada in combination with collectivist values among Chinese smokers appeared to contribute to participants' reducing and quitting smoking. Although findings of the study cannot be claimed as generalizable to the wider population of Chinese Canadian immigrants due to the small number of the participants, this study provides lessons for the development of tobacco control measures in China to reverse the current prosmoking social environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimei Mao
- Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macau,
China
| | - Joan L. Bottorff
- University of British Columbia, Kelowna,
British Columbia, Canada
- Australian Catholic University, Melbourne,
Australia
| | - John L. Oliffe
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gayl Sarbit
- University of British Columbia, Kelowna,
British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mary T. Kelly
- University of British Columbia, Kelowna,
British Columbia, Canada
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23
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Zheng Y, Ji Y, Dong H, Chang C. The prevalence of smoking, second-hand smoke exposure, and knowledge of the health hazards of smoking among internal migrants in 12 provinces in China: a cross-sectional analysis. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:655. [PMID: 29793454 PMCID: PMC5968586 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5549-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have provided inconsistent findings on smoking among migrants, and very limited data exist on their second-hand smoke exposure. This study aims to investigate internal migrants' smoking prevalence, second-hand smoke exposure among non-smokers, and knowledge of the health hazards of smoking in 12 major migrant provinces in China in 2013. METHODS Data from the 2013 Migrant Dynamics Monitoring Survey in China published by the National Commission of Health and Family Planning was used in this study. Descriptive analysis, Chi-square analysis, and sex-stratified multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to explore the determinants of current smoking and second-hand smoke exposure. RESULTS Among 7200 migrants, 34.1% (55% male, 4% female) were current smokers. For males, factors associated with current smoking were education year (aOR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.93-0.98), duration of stay (aOR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.03) and occupation (aOR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.03-1.53). For females, household registration status (aOR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.04-2.80) was the most important factor associated with current smoking. Sixty five percent of non-smokers were exposed to second-hand smoke. Factors associated with exposure to second-hand smoke were duration of stay (aOR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.02), divorced/widowed marital status (aOR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.25-0.91), occupation (aOR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.05-1.58) and the nature of employer (aOR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.60-0.97). About 95% of participants were aware that lung cancer is one of the hazards of smoking. Non-current smokers had a better knowledge of fertility reduction and accelerated aging as hazards of smoking than current smokers (p < 0.01). Knowledge of the impact of smoking on cardiovascular diseases was relatively low compared with knowledge of other smoking-related hazards (26.1-44.3%). CONCLUSIONS Current smoking and exposure to second-hand smoke among internal migrants in China is high. Socio-demographic characteristics and migration status were strongly associated with current smoking and second-hand smoke exposure. We recommend specifically targeted tobacco control interventions to help to address these risk factors, such as focusing on divorced/widowed women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunting Zheng
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Personnel, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Ji
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Dong
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun Chang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 People’s Republic of China
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Chen J, Grossman E, Link A, Wang B, Sherman S. Disparities in hospital smoking cessation treatment by immigrant status. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2018; 19:44-57. [PMID: 29727588 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2018.1446377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the efficacy of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in promoting smoking cessation, no studies have been done to evaluate NRT prescribing rates among immigrants, a vulnerable minority population in the United States. The aim of this study is to explore for differences in NRT prescribing behavior by immigrant status. Participants were enrolled in a smoking cessation trial for hospitalized patients between July 2011 and April 2014 at two NYC hospitals. For this analysis, we used baseline data from patient surveys and electronic medical-record reviews to examine associations between immigrant status and prescription of NRT in-hospital and on discharge, as well as acceptance of NRT in-hospital. We included age, gender, education, health literacy, race, ethnicity, English language ability, inpatient service, and site insurance in the models as potential confounders. Our study population included 1,608 participants, of whom 21% were not born in the United States. Bivariate analysis found that nonimmigrants were more likely than immigrants to be prescribed NRT in the hospital (46.1% vs. 35.7%, p = .0006) and similarly on discharge (19.4% vs. 15.3%, p = .09). Both groups were equally likely to accept NRT in-hospital when prescribed. On multivariable analysis, being an immigrant (OR 0.65), Black race (OR 0.52), and Hispanic ethnicity (OR 0.63) were associated with lower likelihood of being prescribed NRT in-hospital. Multivariable analysis for provision of NRT prescription at discharge showed no significant difference between immigrants and nonimmigrants. These findings show differences in in-hospital smoking cessation treatment between immigrants and nonimmigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Chen
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - Alissa Link
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Binhuan Wang
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Scott Sherman
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
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Maack B, Willborn R. Description of tobacco use and cessation among Bhutanese refugees participating in a tobacco cessation program. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2018; 23:367-379. [PMID: 28110549 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2017.1280134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the tobacco use, exposure, and cessation differences between Bhutanese refugee and non-Hispanic Caucasian tobacco users in a US federally qualified health center tobacco cessation program. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study reviewing data from 374 patients counseled on tobacco cessation was performed. Demographic information, tobacco use history, exposure to tobacco, and type of tobacco used characterized baseline assessments. The patient record was followed forward in time to evaluate tobacco cessation outcomes as the dependent variable. Data were analyzed using odds ratios and the Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS Data analysis included 318 patients (211 non-Hispanic Caucasian patients and 107 Bhutanese refugee patients). Bhutanese refugees demonstrated a higher likelihood of smokeless tobacco product use than the non-Hispanic Caucasian population (67.3% vs 1%, OR = 214.971, 95% CI 50.429, 916.383), and a greater odds of having household tobacco users (OR = 2.533, 95% CI 1.532, 4.186). Likewise, the non-Hispanic Caucasian population exhibited larger odds of smoking cigarettes vs the Bhutanese population (97.2% vs 26.2%, OR = 96.399, 95% CI 38.449, 241.687), had a higher odds of passive smoke exposure (OR = 12.765, 95% CI 5.36, 30.393), and higher likelihood of a past quit attempt (OR = 9.037, 95% CI 5.180, 15.765). Significant gender differences with regard to type of tobacco used were noted among Bhutanese refugees. Bhutanese refugees demonstrated significantly higher likelihood of tobacco cessation, compared with the non-Hispanic Caucasian population, at all length cutpoints, while showing no difference in number of follow-up visits or median time followed. CONCLUSION These culture-specific findings, showing unique tobacco use characteristics and increased cessation among the Bhutanese refugee population, provide novel information helpful to professionals identifying and treating these individuals for tobacco cessation. More research is needed to confirm our results and findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brody Maack
- a College of Health Professions , North Dakota State University , Fargo , ND , USA
| | - Robert Willborn
- b Pharmacy Service , VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System , Denver , CO , USA
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Wang Y, Wilson FA, Larson J, Chen LW. The Use of E-Cigarettes Among U.S. Immigrants: The 2014 National Health Interview Survey. Public Health Rep 2017; 131:605-13. [PMID: 27453606 DOI: 10.1177/0033354916662220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although e-cigarette popularity has increased substantially in recent years in the United States, it is unclear whether e-cigarette use has extended to immigrants in the United States. We characterized differences in ever and current use of e-cigarettes among non-U.S. citizens, naturalized U.S. citizens, and U.S. natives. METHODS We used cross-sectional data from the 2014 National Health Interview Survey to measure the prevalence of e-cigarette ever and current use by immigration status, characterized as U.S. native, naturalized U.S. citizen, and non-U.S. citizen. We used multivariate logistic regression to examine the association between e-cigarette use and immigration status adjusting for demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, and history of tobacco use. We also stratified the use of e-cigarettes by cigarette smoking status and analyzed the impact of length of residency and country of origin on e-cigarette use among immigrants. RESULTS Naturalized U.S. citizens and non-U.S. citizens had a similar prevalence of e-cigarette use, which was significantly lower than the prevalence among U.S. natives. After adjusting for covariates, naturalized U.S. citizens had 38% lower odds and non-U.S. citizens had 54% lower odds of ever using e-cigarettes than U.S. natives. Non-U.S. citizens were less likely than U.S. natives to currently use e-cigarettes. Among both current smokers and nonsmokers of tobacco cigarettes, non-U.S. citizens were less likely than U.S. natives to indicate current e-cigarette use. U.S. immigrants with >5 years residency were more likely than U.S. immigrants with <5 years residency to try e-cigarettes. CONCLUSION Although non-U.S. citizens are less likely than U.S. natives to currently use e-cigarettes, e-cigarette use may increase with length of residency in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Public Health, Omaha, NE
| | - Fernando A Wilson
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Public Health, Omaha, NE
| | - Jamie Larson
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Public Health, Omaha, NE
| | - Li-Wu Chen
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Public Health, Omaha, NE
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Shete SS, Wilkinson AV. Identifying demographic and psychosocial factors related to the escalation of smoking behavior among Mexican American adolescents. Prev Med 2017; 99:146-151. [PMID: 28235542 PMCID: PMC5477792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States; smoking in Mexican American adolescents, a rapidly growing population, remains a major concern. Factors associated with escalation or progression along the smoking trajectory have not been studied in adolescent Mexican Americans. A better understanding of escalation is needed for cancer prevention and overall health. N=1,328 Mexican American adolescents joined a cohort in 2005-06. At baseline participants provided demographic, acculturation and psychosocial data, and reported their smoking status using the Minnesota Smoking Index. Those that never tried a cigarette or only had a few puffs in their life were included in this study. The primary outcome of interest, escalation in smoking status, was defined as moving up the Minnesota Smoking Index by 2010-2011. The current analysis is based on 973 participants of whom 48.2% were male, mean age=11.8 (SD=0.8), and 26.0% were born in Mexico. By 2010-2011, 283 (29%) escalated their smoking status and 690 (71%) remained the same. Being older (OR=1.30; CI=1.07-1.57), male (OR=1.88, CI=1.40-2.53), having higher levels of anxiety (OR=1.03, CI=1.02-1.05), intending to smoke (OR=1.70, CI=1.18-2.46), having friends who smoke (OR=1.73, CI=1.12-2.70) and having parents' friends who smoke (OR=1.38, CI=1.02-1.88) increased risk for smoking escalation. Higher levels of subjective social status (OR=0.91, CI=0.83-0.99) were protective against smoking escalation. Contrasting previous work in smoking experimentation, parents' friends influence was a stronger predictor than the family household influence. Preventative interventions for Mexican American youth could address this risk factor to reduce smoking escalation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna V Wilkinson
- The University of Texas School of Public Health, Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, Austin, TX, USA.
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Smoking Trends among U.S. Latinos, 1998-2013: The Impact of Immigrant Arrival Cohort. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14030255. [PMID: 28257125 PMCID: PMC5369091 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14030255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Few studies examine nativity disparities in smoking in the U.S., thus a major gap remains in understanding whether immigrant Latinos' smoking prevalence is stable, converging, or diverging, compared with U.S.-born Latinos. This study aimed to disentangle the roles of period changes, duration of U.S. residence, and immigrant arrival cohort in explaining the gap in smoking prevalence between foreign-born and U.S.-born Latinos. Using repeated cross-sectional data spanning 1998-2013 (U.S. National Health Interview Survey), regressions predicted current smoking among foreign-born and U.S.-born Latino men and women (n = 12,492). We contrasted findings from conventional regression analyses that simply include period and duration of residence effects, to two methods of assessing arrival cohort effects: the first accounted for baseline differences in smoking among arrival cohorts, while the second examined smoking probabilities by tracking foreign-born arrival cohorts as they increase their duration of U.S. residence. Findings showed that Latino immigrants maintained lower prevalence of current smoking compared with U.S.-born Latinos over the period 1998-2013, and that longer duration of U.S. residence is associated with lower odds of smoking among men. Two findings are particularly novel: (1) accounting for immigrant arrival cohort dampens the overall protective effect of duration of residence among men; and (2) the earliest arrival cohort of Latino immigrant men experienced the steepest decline in smoking over duration of U.S. residence. Results have methodological and theoretical implications for smoking studies and the Latino mortality paradox.
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Intergenerational differences in smoking among West Indian, Haitian, Latin American, and African blacks in the United States. SSM Popul Health 2017; 3:305-317. [PMID: 29349225 PMCID: PMC5769012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due in large part to increased migration from Africa and the Caribbean, black immigrants and their descendants are drastically changing the contours of health disparities among blacks in the United States. While prior studies have examined health variation among black immigrants by region of birth, few have explored the degree of variation in health behaviors, particularly smoking patterns, among first- and second- generation black immigrants by ancestral heritage. Using data from the 1995-2011 waves of the Tobacco Use Supplements of the Current Population Survey (TUS-CPS), we examine variation in current smoking status among first-, second-, and third/higher- generation black immigrants. Specifically, we investigate these differences among all black immigrants and then provide separate analyses for individuals with ancestry from the English-speaking Caribbean (West Indies), Haiti, Latin America, and Africa-the primary sending regions of black immigrants to the United States. We also explore differences in smoking behavior by gender. The results show that, relative to third/higher generation blacks, first-generation black immigrants are less likely to report being current smokers. Within the first-generation, immigrants who migrated after age 13 have a lower probability of smoking relative to those who migrated at or under age 13. Disparities in smoking prevalence among the first-generation by age at migration are largest among black immigrants from Latin America. The results also suggest that second-generation immigrants with two foreign-born parents are generally less likely to smoke than the third/higher generation. We find no statistically significant difference in smoking between second-generation immigrants with mixed nativity parents and the third or higher generation. Among individuals with West Indian, Haitian, Latin American, and African ancestry, the probability of being a current smoker increases with each successive generation. The intergenerational increase in smoking, however, is slower among individuals with African ancestry. Finally, with few exceptions, our results suggest that intergenerational gaps in smoking behavior are larger among women compared to men. As additional sources of data for this population become available, researchers should investigate which ancestral subgroups are driving the favorable smoking patterns for the African origin population.
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Acculturation inclinations and subjective health status of internal migrants in James Town, an urban slum settlement in Accra. JOURNAL OF POPULATION RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12546-016-9182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rodriquez EJ, Oh SS, Pérez-Stable EJ, Schroeder SA. Changes in Smoking Intensity Over Time by Birth Cohort and by Latino National Background, 1997-2014. Nicotine Tob Res 2016; 18:2225-2233. [PMID: 27613930 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of the study was to describe changes in smoking intensity among US Latinos and non-Latinos from 1997 to 2014. METHODS National Health Interview Survey data between 1997 and 2014 were used to determine the number of cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) among Latino and non-Latino adults who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and were currently smoking every day or some days (ie, current smokers). RESULTS CPD declined steadily throughout the observation period and were consistently lower for Latino than for non-Latino smokers. However, decreases were not equal across birth cohorts, genders, or among Latino national background groups. CPD declined most among Mexican men and least among younger generations, Cuban women, and acculturated Latina women. Additionally, declines in smoking intensity seemed to slow over time among low CPD consumers. CONCLUSIONS Although smoking intensity has decreased substantially since the late 1990s, CPD data suggest that declines are slowing among younger generations and certain Latina women. Effective tobacco control strategies should be developed to discourage even very light and nondaily smoking. IMPLICATIONS Few studies have been conducted on how smoking intensity has changed since the late 1990s. Between 2004 and 2011, when the decline in smoking prevalence slowed, it is unknown how smoking intensity (ie, CPD) changed by age. Additionally, no research has assessed differences and changes in smoking intensity over time among Latinos. From this study we learned that smoking intensity declined significantly since the late 1990s, but this decline slowed among younger generations of smokers and certain Latina women. Findings suggest that future patterns of smoking intensity may only marginally decline in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sam S Oh
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
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Alcalá HE, Albert SL, Ortega AN. E-cigarette use and disparities by race, citizenship status and language among adolescents. Addict Behav 2016; 57:30-4. [PMID: 26835605 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION E-cigarette use among adolescents is on the rise in the U.S. However, limited attention has been given to examining the role of race, citizenship status and language spoken at home in shaping e-cigarette use behavior. METHODS Data are from the 2014 Adolescent California Health Interview Survey, which interviewed 1052 adolescents ages 12-17. Lifetime e-cigarette use was examined by sociodemographic characteristics. Separate logistic regression models predicted odds of ever-smoking e-cigarettes from race, citizenship status and language spoken at home. Sociodemographic characteristics were then added to these models as control variables and a model with all three predictors and controls was run. Similar models were run with conventional smoking as an outcome. RESULTS 10.3% of adolescents ever used e-cigarettes. E-cigarette use was higher among ever-smokers of conventional cigarettes, individuals above 200% of the Federal Poverty Level, US citizens and those who spoke English-only at home. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that citizenship status and language spoken at home were associated with lifetime e-cigarette use, after accounting for control variables. Only citizenship status was associated with e-cigarette use, when controls variables race and language spoken at home were all in the same model. CONCLUSIONS Ever use of e-cigarettes in this study was higher than previously reported national estimates. Action is needed to curb the use of e-cigarettes among adolescents. Differences in lifetime e-cigarette use by citizenship status and language spoken at home suggest that less acculturated individuals use e-cigarettes at lower rates.
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Baurley JW, Edlund CK, Pardamean CI, Conti DV, Krasnow R, Javitz HS, Hops H, Swan GE, Benowitz NL, Bergen AW. Genome-Wide Association of the Laboratory-Based Nicotine Metabolite Ratio in Three Ancestries. Nicotine Tob Res 2016; 18:1837-1844. [PMID: 27113016 PMCID: PMC4978985 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Metabolic enzyme variation and other patient and environmental characteristics influence smoking behaviors, treatment success, and risk of related disease. Population-specific variation in metabolic genes contributes to challenges in developing and optimizing pharmacogenetic interventions. We applied a custom genome-wide genotyping array for addiction research (Smokescreen), to three laboratory-based studies of nicotine metabolism with oral or venous administration of labeled nicotine and cotinine, to model nicotine metabolism in multiple populations. The trans-3′-hydroxycotinine/cotinine ratio, the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), was the nicotine metabolism measure analyzed. Methods: Three hundred twelve individuals of self-identified European, African, and Asian American ancestry were genotyped and included in ancestry-specific genome-wide association scans (GWAS) and a meta-GWAS analysis of the NMR. We modeled natural-log transformed NMR with covariates: principal components of genetic ancestry, age, sex, body mass index, and smoking status. Results: African and Asian American NMRs were statistically significantly (P values ≤ 5E-5) lower than European American NMRs. Meta-GWAS analysis identified 36 genome-wide significant variants over a 43 kilobase pair region at CYP2A6 with minimum P = 2.46E-18 at rs12459249, proximal to CYP2A6. Additional minima were located in intron 4 (rs56113850, P = 6.61E-18) and in the CYP2A6-CYP2A7 intergenic region (rs34226463, P = 1.45E-12). Most (34/36) genome-wide significant variants suggested reduced CYP2A6 activity; functional mechanisms were identified and tested in knowledge-bases. Conditional analysis resulted in intergenic variants of possible interest (P values < 5E-5). Conclusions: This meta-GWAS of the NMR identifies CYP2A6 variants, replicates the top-ranked single nucleotide polymorphism from a recent Finnish meta-GWAS of the NMR, identifies functional mechanisms, and provides pan-continental population biomarkers for nicotine metabolism. Implications: This multiple ancestry meta-GWAS of the laboratory study-based NMR provides novel evidence and replication for genome-wide association of CYP2A6 single nucleotide and insertion–deletion polymorphisms. We identify three regions of genome-wide significance: proximal, intronic, and distal to CYP2A6. We replicate the top-ranking single nucleotide polymorphism from a recent GWAS of the NMR in Finnish smokers, identify a functional mechanism for this intronic variant from in silico analyses of RNA-seq data that is consistent with CYP2A6 expression measured in postmortem lung and liver, and provide additional support for the intergenic region between CYP2A6 and CYP2A7.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gary E Swan
- Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA
| | - Neal L Benowitz
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine , San Francisco , CA
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Ji Y, Liu S, Zhao X, Jiang Y, Zeng Q, Chang C. Smoking and Its Determinants in Chinese Internal Migrants: Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Data Analyses. Nicotine Tob Res 2016; 18:1719-26. [DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Petersen AB, Tsoh JY, Nguyen TT, McPhee SJ, Burke NJ. Suffering in Silence: Impact of Tobacco Use on Communication Dynamics Within Vietnamese and Chinese Immigrant Families. JOURNAL OF FAMILY NURSING 2016; 22:108-132. [PMID: 26717960 PMCID: PMC5714689 DOI: 10.1177/1074840715618194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this project was to explore family communication dynamics and their implications for smoking cessation. We conducted 39 in-depth dyadic and individual qualitative interviews with 13 immigrant smoker-family member pairs of Vietnamese ( n = 9 dyads, 18 individuals) and Chinese ( n = 4 dyads, 8 individuals) descent, including seven current and six former smokers and 13 family members. All 13 dyadic and 26 individual interviews were analyzed using a collaborative crystallization process as well as grounded theory methods. We identified three interrelated pathways by which tobacco use in immigrant Vietnamese and Chinese families impacts family processes and communication dynamics. Using a two-dimensional model, we illustrate how the shared consequences of these pathways can contribute to a dynamic of avoidance and noncommunication, resulting in individual family members "suffering in silence" and ultimately smoking being reinforced. We discuss the implications of these findings for development of smoking cessation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Berit Petersen
- 1 University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- 2 Loma Linda University, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nancy J Burke
- 1 University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- 3 University of California, Merced, CA, USA
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Abraído-Lanza AF, Echeverría SE, Flórez KR. Latino Immigrants, Acculturation, and Health: Promising New Directions in Research. Annu Rev Public Health 2016; 37:219-36. [PMID: 26735431 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032315-021545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This article provides an analysis of novel topics emerging in recent years in research on Latino immigrants, acculturation, and health. In the past ten years, the number of studies assessing new ways to conceptualize and understand how acculturation-related processes may influence health has grown. These new frameworks draw from integrative approaches testing new ground to acknowledge the fundamental role of context and policy. We classify the emerging body of evidence according to themes that we identify as promising directions--intrapersonal, interpersonal, social environmental, community, political, and global contexts, cross-cutting themes in life course and developmental approaches, and segmented assimilation--and discuss the challenges and opportunities each theme presents. This body of work, which considers acculturation in context, points to the emergence of a new wave of research that holds great promise in driving forward the study of Latino immigrants, acculturation, and health. We provide suggestions to further advance the ideologic and methodologic rigor of this new wave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana F Abraído-Lanza
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032;
| | - Sandra E Echeverría
- Department of Community Health Education, School of Urban Public Health, City University of New York-Hunter College, New York, NY 10035;
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Higgins ST, Kurti AN, Redner R, White TJ, Gaalema DE, Roberts ME, Doogan NJ, Tidey JW, Miller ME, Stanton CA, Henningfield JE, Atwood GS. A literature review on prevalence of gender differences and intersections with other vulnerabilities to tobacco use in the United States, 2004-2014. Prev Med 2015; 80:89-100. [PMID: 26123717 PMCID: PMC4592404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This report describes results from a systematic literature review examining gender differences in U.S. prevalence rates of current use of tobacco and nicotine delivery products and how they intersect with other vulnerabilities to tobacco use. We searched PubMed on gender differences in tobacco use across the years 2004-2014. For inclusion, reports had to be in English, in a peer-reviewed journal or federal government report, report prevalence rates for current use of a tobacco product in males and females, and use a U.S. nationally representative sample. Prevalence rates were generally higher in males than in females across all products. This pattern remained stable despite changes over time in overall prevalence rates. Gender differences generally were robust when intersecting with other vulnerabilities, although decreases in the magnitude of gender differences were noted among younger and older users, and among educational levels and race/ethnic groups associated with the highest or lowest prevalence rates. Overall, these results document a pervasive association of gender with vulnerability to tobacco use that acts additively with other vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities should be considered whenever formulating tobacco control and regulatory policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Higgins
- Vermont Center on Tobacco Regulatory Science, University of Vermont, USA.
| | - Allison N Kurti
- Vermont Center on Tobacco Regulatory Science, University of Vermont, USA
| | - Ryan Redner
- Vermont Center on Tobacco Regulatory Science, University of Vermont, USA
| | - Thomas J White
- Vermont Center on Tobacco Regulatory Science, University of Vermont, USA
| | - Diann E Gaalema
- Vermont Center on Tobacco Regulatory Science, University of Vermont, USA
| | - Megan E Roberts
- Center of Excellence in Regulatory Tobacco Science, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Nathan J Doogan
- Center of Excellence in Regulatory Tobacco Science, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Jennifer W Tidey
- Vermont Center on Tobacco Regulatory Science, University of Vermont, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, USA
| | - Mollie E Miller
- Vermont Center on Tobacco Regulatory Science, University of Vermont, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, USA
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Noah AJ, Landale NS, Sparks CS. How Does the Context of Reception Matter? The Role of Residential Enclaves in Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy Among Mexican-Origin Mothers. Matern Child Health J 2015; 19:1825-33. [PMID: 25652060 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-015-1696-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether and how different patterns of group exposure within residential contexts (i.e., living in a Mexican immigrant enclave, a Mexican ethnic enclave, a pan-Hispanic enclave, or a non-Hispanic white neighborhood) are associated with smoking during pregnancy among Mexican-origin mothers. Using a hierarchical linear modeling approach, we found that Mexican-origin mothers' residential contexts are important for understanding their smoking during pregnancy. Residence in an ethnic enclave is associated with decreased odds of smoking during pregnancy, while residence in a non-Hispanic white neighborhood is associated with increased odds of smoking during pregnancy, above and beyond the mothers' individual characteristics. The magnitude of the associations between residence in an ethnic enclave and smoking during pregnancy is similar across the different types of ethnic enclaves examined. The important roles of inter- and intra-group exposures suggests that in order to help Mexican-origin women, policy makers should more carefully design place-based programs and interventions that target geographic areas and the specific types of residential contexts in which women are at greater risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aggie J Noah
- Department of Sociology, Pennsylvania State University, 211 Oswald Tower, University Park, PA, USA,
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Lariscy JT, Hummer RA, Hayward MD. Hispanic older adult mortality in the United States: new estimates and an assessment of factors shaping the Hispanic paradox. Demography 2015; 52:1-14. [PMID: 25550142 PMCID: PMC4318748 DOI: 10.1007/s13524-014-0357-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Hispanics make up a rapidly growing proportion of the U.S. older adult population, so a firm grasp of their mortality patterns is paramount for identifying racial/ethnic differences in life chances in the population as a whole. Documentation of Hispanic mortality is also essential for assessing whether the Hispanic paradox--the similarity in death rates between Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites despite Hispanics' socioeconomic disadvantage--characterizes all adult Hispanics or just some age, gender, nativity, or national-origin subgroups. We estimate age-/sex- and cause-specific mortality rate ratios and life expectancy for foreign-born and U.S.-born Hispanics, foreign-born and U.S.-born Mexican Americans, non-Hispanic blacks, and non-Hispanic whites ages 65 and older using the 1989-2006 National Health Interview Survey Linked Mortality Files. Results affirm that Hispanic mortality estimates are favorable relative to those of blacks and whites, but particularly so for foreign-born Hispanics and smoking-related causes. However, if not for Hispanics' socioeconomic disadvantage, their mortality levels would be even more favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T. Lariscy
- Population Research Institute and Department of Sociology, Duke University, 271 Soc-Psyc Building, Campus Box 90088, Durham, NC 27708, USA,
| | - Robert A. Hummer
- Population Research Center and Department of Sociology, University of Texas at Austin, 305 E. 23rd Street, G1800, Austin, TX 78712, USA,
| | - Mark D. Hayward
- Population Research Center and Department of Sociology, University of Texas at Austin, 305 E. 23rd Street, G1800, Austin, TX 78712, USA,
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Printz C. Immigration associated with an increase in smoking among Latinos, Asians. Cancer 2015; 121:3. [PMID: 25522260 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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