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Gildner TE, Urlacher SS, Nemeth KL, Beauregard JA, Pfaff Nash M, Zhang A, Waimon S, Cepon-Robins TJ. Dual burden of infectious and chronic disease in low-resource U.S. communities: examining relationships between infection, adiposity, and inflammation. Ann Hum Biol 2024; 51:2368851. [PMID: 38934696 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2024.2368851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rising global obesity rates are linked with inflammation and associated morbidities. These negative outcomes are generally more common in low-resource communities within high-income countries; however, it is unclear how frequent infectious disease exposures in these settings may influence the relationship between adiposity and inflammation. AIM We test associations between adiposity measures and distinct forms of inflammation among adults (n = 80) living in low-resource U.S. communities experiencing high levels of obesity and pathogen exposure. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Adiposity measures included BMI and percent body fat. Inflammation measures included systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP]) and localised intestinal inflammation (faecal calprotectin [FC]). The relationship between a condition characterised by elevated inflammation (Helicobacter pylori infection) and adiposity was also considered. RESULTS Adiposity was not significantly related to FC concentration. However, both adiposity measures were positively related with odds of CRP elevation and H. pylori infection was associated with significantly lower adiposity measures (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION For this disadvantaged U.S. sample, the association between adiposity and inflammation varies by the systemic/localised nature of inflammation and the likely underlying cause of inflammation. Defining these associations will improve understanding of how rising obesity rates shape long-term health inequities, with implications for more effective intervention design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa E Gildner
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samuel S Urlacher
- Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Child and Brain Development Program, CIFAR, Toronto, Canada
| | - Katherine L Nemeth
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jade A Beauregard
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Angela Zhang
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sophie Waimon
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tara J Cepon-Robins
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
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2
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Żelaźniewicz A, Nowak-Kornicka J, Pawłowski B. Birth size and the serum level of biological age markers in men. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14231. [PMID: 37648769 PMCID: PMC10469219 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41065-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that intrauterine growth restrictions, resulting in smaller body size at birth, are associated with altered development and the risk of age-related diseases in adult life. Thus, prenatal development may predict aging trajectories in humans. The study aimed to verify if body size at birth is related to biological age in adult men. The study sample consisted of 159 healthy, non-smoking men with a mean age of 35.24 (SD 3.44) years. Birth weight and length were taken from medical records. The ponderal index at birth was calculated. Biological age was evaluated based on serum levels of s-Klotho, hsCRP, DHEA/S, and oxidative stress markers. Pregnancy age at birth, lifestyle, weight, cortisol, and testosterone levels were controlled. The results showed no relationship between birth size and s-Klotho, DHEA/S level, inflammation, or oxidative stress. Also, men born as small-for-gestational-age (N = 49) and men born as appropriate-for-gestational-age (N = 110) did not differ in terms of biological age markers levels. The results were similar when controlled for pregnancy week at birth, chronological age, BMI, testosterone, or cortisol level. The results suggest that there is no relationship between intrauterine growth and biomarkers of aging in men aged 30-45 years from the affluent population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Żelaźniewicz
- Department of Human Biology, University of Wrocław, Ul. Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Judyta Nowak-Kornicka
- Department of Human Biology, University of Wrocław, Ul. Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bogusław Pawłowski
- Department of Human Biology, University of Wrocław, Ul. Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland
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3
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Xu Y, Hiyoshi A, Fall K, Montgomery S. Systemic inflammation measured by erythrocyte sedimentation rate and cognitive function among young men in Sweden: A within-sibling analysis. Sci Prog 2023; 106:368504221145541. [PMID: 36718517 PMCID: PMC10450265 DOI: 10.1177/00368504221145541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study assesses the extent to which the association between erythrocyte sedimentation rate, a marker of inflammation, and cognitive function is explained by shared familial factors using within-sibling analyses. Men who were born in Sweden between 1950 and 1965 and recorded in the Swedish Military Conscription Register between 1969 and 1983 were included (N = 632,396). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and cognitive function were measured at the conscription assessment (median age = 18.3 years, with a range from 15.5 to 28.5 years). Conventional linear regression and multilevel linear regression with a hybrid modeling approach were used, with the latter to obtain within-effect estimation in which unmeasured familial confounding shared by siblings was controlled for. We found that the association between erythrocyte sedimentation rate and cognitive function at conscription assessment was partly accounted for by, but remained independent of, shared familial factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Xu
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Department of Sociology and Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ayako Hiyoshi
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Katja Fall
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Department of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Scott Montgomery
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
This study addresses two questions. First, why do Black Americans exhibit worse health outcomes than White Americans even at higher levels of socioeconomic status (SES)? Second, are diminished health returns to higher status concentrated among Black Americans with darker skin color? Novel hypotheses are tested with biosocial panel data from Add Health, a nationally representative cohort of Black and White adolescents who have transitioned to adulthood. We find that White and light-skin Black respondents report improved health after achieving higher SES, on average, while their darker-skin Black peers report declining health. These patterns persist regardless of controls for adolescent health status and unmeasured between-person heterogeneity. Moreover, increased inflammation tied to unfair treatment and perceptions of lower status helps to account for patterns of diminished health returns for dark-skin Black groups. Our study is the first to document skin tone heterogeneity in diminished health returns and one of few studies to identify life course stress processes underlying such disparities. We consider additional processes that could be examined in future studies, as well as the broader health and policy implications of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reed T. DeAngelis
- Department of Sociology and Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Taylor W. Hargrove
- Department of Sociology and Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Robert A. Hummer
- Department of Sociology and Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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5
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Kannan VD, Pacheco J, Peters K, Lapham S, Chapman BP. The relationship between health and political ideology begins in childhood. SSM Popul Health 2022; 19:101214. [PMID: 36059375 PMCID: PMC9434217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate whether childhood health status influences adult political ideology and whether health at subsequent life-stages, adolescent personality traits, or adolescent academic aptitude mediate this relationship. Using a national longitudinal cohort sample, we found that better health among children under age 10 was positively related to conservative political ideology among adults over age 64. Children with excellent health compared to very poor health were 16 percentage points more likely to report having a conservative political ideology in adulthood. Children with excellent health compared to very poor health were 13 percentage points less likely to report having a liberal political ideology in adulthood. Adults who had excellent health as children were 30 percentage points more likely to report conservative ideology than liberal ideology. However, the difference in ideological position for adults who had very poor childhood health was negligible. That is, the health and ideology relationship is being driven by those who were healthier early in life, after controlling for family income and material wealth. No evidence was found for mediation by adolescent heath, adult heath, adolescent personality traits, or adolescent academic aptitude. The magnitude of the coefficient for childhood health was substantively and statistically equivalent across race and sex. We discuss the possibility that, instead of being mediated, childhood health may actually be a mediator bridging social, environmental, and policy contexts with political ideology. We also discuss the potential of social policy to influence health, which influences ideology (and voting participation), which eventually circles back to influence social policy. It is important to understand the nexus of political life and population health since disparities in voice and power can exacerbate health disparities. Healthy children more likely to express conservative ideology as older adults. Independent of personality, academics, and later-life heath. Association driven by children with better health. Childhood health may be mediating social forces to produce adult ideology.
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Mollborn S, Limburg A, Everett BG. Mothers' Sexual Identity and Children's Health. POPULATION RESEARCH AND POLICY REVIEW 2022; 41:1217-1239. [PMID: 35934998 PMCID: PMC9355333 DOI: 10.1007/s11113-021-09688-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Sexual minority women face a plethora of structural, socioeconomic, and interpersonal disadvantages and stressors. Research has established negative associations between women's sexual minority identities and both their own health and their infants' birth outcomes. Yet a separate body of scholarship has documented similarities in the development and well-being of children living with same-sex couples relative to those living with similarly situated different-sex couples. This study sought to reconcile these literatures by examining the association between maternal sexual identity and child health at ages 5-18 using a US sample from the full population of children of sexual minority women, including those who identify as mostly heterosexual, bisexual, or lesbian, regardless of partner sex or gender. Analyses using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N=8,978) followed women longitudinally and examined several measures of their children's health, including general health and specific developmental and physical health conditions. Analyses found that children of mostly heterosexual and bisexual women experienced health disadvantages relative to children of heterosexual women, whereas the few children of lesbian women in our sample evidenced a mixture of advantages and disadvantages. These findings underscore that to understand sexual orientation disparities and the intergenerational transmission of health, it is important to incorporate broad measurement of sexual orientation that can capture variation in family forms and in sexual minority identities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Mollborn
- Department of Sociology, Stockholm University
- Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Aubrey Limburg
- Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder
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Mollborn S, Lawrence E, Krueger PM. Developing Health Lifestyle Pathways and Social Inequalities across Early Childhood. POPULATION RESEARCH AND POLICY REVIEW 2021; 40:1085-1117. [PMID: 34720278 PMCID: PMC8552713 DOI: 10.1007/s11113-020-09615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyles are a long-theorized aspect of social inequalities that root individual behaviors in social group differences. Although the health lifestyle construct is an important advance for understanding social inequalities and health behaviors, research has not theorized or investigated the longitudinal development of health lifestyles from infancy through the transition to school. This study documented children's longitudinal health lifestyle pathways, articulated and tested a theoretical framework of health lifestyle development in early life, and assessed associations with kindergarten cognition, socioemotional behavior, and health. Latent class analyses identified health lifestyle pathways using the US Early Childhood Longitudinal Study - Birth Cohort (ECLS-B; N≈6,550). Children's health lifestyle pathways were complex, combining healthier and unhealthier behaviors and changing with age. Social background prior to birth was associated with health lifestyle pathways, as were parents' resources, health behaviors, and non-health-focused parenting. Developing health lifestyle pathways were related to kindergarten cognition, behavior, and health net of social background and other parent influences. Thus, family context is important for the development of complex health lifestyle pathways across early childhood, which have implications for school preparedness and thus for social inequalities and well-being throughout life. Developing health lifestyles both reflect and reproduce social inequalities across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Mollborn
- Institute of Behavioral Science and Department of Sociology, University of Colorado Boulder
| | | | - Patrick M Krueger
- Department of Health & Behavioral Sciences, University of Colorado Denver
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8
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Potente C, Harris KM, Chumbley J, Cole SW, Gaydosh L, Xu W, Levitt B, Shanahan MJ. The Early Life Course of Body Weight and Gene Expression Signatures for Disease. Am J Epidemiol 2021; 190:1533-1540. [PMID: 33675221 PMCID: PMC8489427 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwab049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the way body-weight patterns through the first 4 decades of life relate to gene expression signatures of common forms of morbidity, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and inflammation. As part of wave V of the nationally representative National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (1997–2018) in the United States, mRNA abundance data were collected from peripheral blood (n = 1,132). We used a Bayesian modeling strategy to examine the relative associations between body size at 5 life stages—birth, adolescence, early adulthood, young adulthood, and adulthood—and gene expression–based disease signatures. We compared life-course models that consider critical or sensitive periods, as well as accumulation over the entire period. Our results are consistent with a sensitive-period model when examining CVD and T2D gene expression signatures: Birth weight has a prominent role for the CVD and T2D signatures (explaining 33.1% and 22.1%, respectively, of the total association accounted for by body size), while the most recent adult obesity status (ages 33–39) is important for both of these gene expression signatures (24.3% and 35.1%, respectively). Body size in all life stages was associated with inflammation, consistent with the accumulation model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Potente
- Correspondence to Dr. Cecilia Potente, Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zürich, Andreasstrasse 15, 8050 Zürich, Switzerland (e-mail: ); or Prof. Dr. Michael J. Shanahan, Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zürich, Andreasstrasse 15, 8050 Zürich, Switzerland (e-mail: )
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael J Shanahan
- Correspondence to Dr. Cecilia Potente, Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zürich, Andreasstrasse 15, 8050 Zürich, Switzerland (e-mail: ); or Prof. Dr. Michael J. Shanahan, Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zürich, Andreasstrasse 15, 8050 Zürich, Switzerland (e-mail: )
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9
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McDade TW, Meyer JM, Koning SM, Harris KM. Body mass and the epidemic of chronic inflammation in early mid-adulthood. Soc Sci Med 2021; 281:114059. [PMID: 34091232 PMCID: PMC8259331 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic inflammation is a potentially important mechanism through which social inequalities may contribute to health inequalities over the life course. Excess body fat contributes to chronic inflammation, and younger adults in the US have come of age during a pronounced secular increase in body mass index (BMI). We aim to document levels of chronic inflammation in a nationally representative sample of 33-to-44 year-old adults in the US, and to describe associations with BMI, race/ethnicity, and education. METHODS High sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured in Wave V (2016-18) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, with complete data available for 4349 participants. Sex-stratified weighted regression models were implemented to investigate CRP in association with education, race/ethnicity, and BMI. RESULTS Geometric mean CRP was 1.9 mg/L, and 35.4% of the sample had CRP >3 mg/L. Females had significantly higher CRP than males. Body mass index was a strong positive predictor of CRP, and education level was negatively associated with CRP. Associations between education and CRP were substantially attenuated after adjusting for BMI. High risk CRP increased linearly with BMI even among the obese: 87.0 percent of females and 74.1 percent of males with class 3 obesity (BMI ≥40) were predicted to have high risk CRP > 3 mg/L. CONCLUSIONS The obesity epidemic is producing an epidemic of chronic inflammation in early mid-adulthood in the US. Strong associations between BMI and chronic inflammation portend high risk for future disease-and inequitable distribution of disease-as the cohort ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W McDade
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Jess M Meyer
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Population Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie M Koning
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Kathleen Mullan Harris
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Population Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Sociology, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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10
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Weitzman A, Goosby BJ. Intimate partner violence, circulating glucose, and non-communicable Disease: Adding insult to injury? SSM Popul Health 2021; 13:100701. [PMID: 33364298 PMCID: PMC7750577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Analyzing data from the 2015-2016 Indian Demographic and Health Survey (N = 41,768), we investigate how women's circulating glucose varies with the severity of intimate partner violence (IPV) they have experienced in the last year and how their likelihoods of corresponding noncommunicable diseases vary with IPV severity in their lifetime. Consistent with a physiological stress response, women who have recently experienced severe IPV exhibit higher glucose levels and are more likely to have extremely high levels-forewarning of disease development-than women who have not experienced IPV. Correspondingly, women who have ever experienced severe IPV in their lifetime have 33%-200% higher probabilities of diabetes, heart disease, thyroid disorders, and cancer and are 70% more likely to have any of these diseases and 175% more likely to have multiple than women who have experienced none.
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McDade TW, Koning SM. Early origins of socioeconomic inequalities in chronic inflammation: Evaluating the contributions of low birth weight and short breastfeeding. Soc Sci Med 2021; 269:113592. [PMID: 33360022 PMCID: PMC7780588 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The United States is characterized by persistent and widening social inequities in a wide range of adult health outcomes. A life course approach challenges us to consider if, and how, these inequities trace back to early life conditions, and chronic inflammation represents a potentially important mechanism through which early environments may have lasting effects on health in adulthood. Low birth weight (LBW) and shorter durations of breastfeeding both predict increased inflammation in adulthood, which is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and all-cause mortality. Using data from a large representative sample of young adults in the US (National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health)), we document the socioeconomic status (SES) gradient in chronic inflammation, as indicated by concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP). Using a nested set of structural equation models and marginal standardization techniques, we investigate the extent to which this gradient is explained by patterns of LBW and breastfeeding in infancy. Findings reveal a particularly important role for breastfeeding duration: Based on model predictive margins, increasing breastfeeding duration to three or more months corresponds to a flattening of the SES gradient by 80%, and 83% when LBW is eliminated. This study expands current understandings of the consequential role of developmental environments for population health and for addressing health inequities in future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W McDade
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA; Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1Z8, Canada.
| | - Stephanie M Koning
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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Pereyra I, Bustos P. Trend and factors associated with adverse birth weight in Uruguayan children between 2009 and 2015. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE MATERNO INFANTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-93042020000300009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Objectives: to identify trendand factors associated with adverse birth weight. Methods: cross-sectional design. The analysis uses the 2009-2015 Uruguay Perinatal Computer Systemdata on 303,625 newborns. Results: the prevalence of macrosomia (> 3,999g) has increased from 7.0% to 8.4%. The prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) (< 2,500g) decreased, standing at 6.6% in the last year. The factors that determines more possibilities of LBW were preeclampsia (OR = 4.80; CI95%= 4.57-5.05), inadequate controls (OR = 2.29; CI95%= 2.20-2.39), shorter duration of pregnancy (OR = 2.52; CI95%= 2.50-2.55), previous hypertension (OR = 2.11; CI95%= 1.96-2.27), hypertensive disease of pregnancy (OR = 1.82; CI95%= 1.74-1.90), low prematernal maternal weight (OR = 1.65; CI95%= 1.58-1.74). Macrosomia was associated with type 1 diabetes (OR = 2.21; CI95%= 1.86-2.61), Type 2 or Gestational (OR = 1.78; CI95%= 1.70-1.87), obesity maternal (OR = 2.33; CI95%= 2.24-2.43) and longer gestation duration (OR = 2.62; CI95%= 2.53-2.72). Conclusions: the LBW decreases while the macrosomia increases. The health and nutritional status of women at the beginning of pregnancy, pathologies of the last trimester, smoking, shorter duration of pregnancy and inadequate controls are associated with BPN. Overweight, obesity and metabolic diseases determine macrosomia.
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Bick D, Taylor C, Bhavnani V, Healey A, Seed P, Roberts S, Zasada M, Avery A, Craig V, Khazaezadah N, McMullen S, O’Connor S, Oki B, Oteng-Ntim E, Poston L, Ussher M. Lifestyle information and access to a commercial weight management group to promote maternal postnatal weight management and positive lifestyle behaviour: the SWAN feasibility RCT. PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.3310/phr08090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Increasing numbers of UK women have overweight or obese body mass index scores when they become pregnant, or gain excessive weight in pregnancy, increasing their risk of adverse outcomes. Failure to manage postnatal weight is linked to smoking, non-healthy dietary choices, lack of regular exercise and poorer longer-term health. Women living in areas of higher social deprivation are more likely to experience weight management problems postnatally.
Objectives
The objectives were to assess the feasibility of conducting a definitive randomised controlled trial to determine the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of lifestyle information and access to a commercial weight management group focusing on self-monitoring, goal-setting and motivation to achieve dietary change commencing 8–16 weeks postnatally to achieve and maintain weight management and positive lifestyle behaviour.
Design
The design was a randomised two-arm feasibility trial with a nested mixed-methods process evaluation.
Setting
The setting was a single centre in an inner city setting in the south of England.
Participants
Participants were women with body mass index scores of > 25 kg/m2 at antenatal ‘booking’ and women with normal body mass index scores (18.0–24.9 kg/m2) at antenatal booking who developed excessive gestational weight gain as assessed at 36 weeks’ gestation.
Main outcome measures
Recruitment, retention, acceptability of trial processes and identification of relevant economic data were the feasibility objectives. The proposed primary outcome was difference between groups in weight at 12 months postnatally, expressed as percentage weight change and weight loss from antenatal booking. Other proposed outcomes included assessment of diet, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, body image, maternal esteem, mental health, infant feeding and NHS costs.
Results
Most objectives were achieved. A total of 193 women were recruited, 98 allocated to the intervention arm and 95 to the control arm. High follow-up rates (> 80%) were achieved to 12 months. There was an 8.8% difference in weight loss at 12 months between women allocated to the intervention arm and women allocated to the control arm (13.0% vs. 4.2%, respectively; p = 0.062); 47% of women in the intervention arm attended at least one weight management session, with low risk of contamination between arms. The greatest benefit was among women who attended ≥ 10 sessions. Barriers to attending sessions included capability, opportunity and motivation issues. Data collection tools were appropriate to support economic evaluation in a definitive trial, and economic modelling is feasible to quantify resource impacts and outcomes not directly measurable within a trial.
Limitations
The trial recruited from only one site. It was not possible to recruit women with normal body mass index scores who developed excessive pregnancy weight gain.
Conclusions
It was feasible to recruit and retain women with overweight or obese body mass index scores at antenatal booking to a trial comparing postnatal weight management plus standard care with standard care only and collect relevant data to assess outcomes. Approaches to recruit women with normal body mass index scores who gain excessive gestational weight need to be considered. Commercial weight management groups could support women’s weight management as assessed at 12 months postnatally, with probable greater benefit from attending ≥ 10 sessions. Process evaluation findings highlighted the importance of providing more information about the intervention on trial allocation, extended duration of time to commence sessions following birth and extended number of sessions offered to enhance uptake and retention. Results support the conduct of a future randomised controlled trial.
Trial registration
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN39186148.
Funding
This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 8, No. 9. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Bick
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Cath Taylor
- School of Health Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | | | - Andy Healey
- King’s Health Economics, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Seed
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Roberts
- King’s Health Economics, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - Amanda Avery
- Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Bimpe Oki
- Public Health, London Borough of Lambeth, London, UK
| | | | - Lucilla Poston
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Ussher
- Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
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Suglia SF, Campo RA, Brown AGM, Stoney C, Boyce CA, Appleton AA, Bleil ME, Boynton-Jarrett R, Dube SR, Dunn EC, Ellis BJ, Fagundes CP, Heard-Garris NJ, Jaffee SR, Johnson SB, Mujahid MS, Slopen N, Su S, Watamura SE. Social Determinants of Cardiovascular Health: Early Life Adversity as a Contributor to Disparities in Cardiovascular Diseases. J Pediatr 2020; 219:267-273. [PMID: 32111376 PMCID: PMC7883398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca A Campo
- National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alison G M Brown
- National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Catherine Stoney
- National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Cheryl A Boyce
- National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Allison A Appleton
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, NY
| | - Maria E Bleil
- Department of Family and Child Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Renée Boynton-Jarrett
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Shanta R Dube
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Erin C Dunn
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, MA
| | - Bruce J Ellis
- Departments of Psychology and Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Christopher P Fagundes
- Department of Psychology, Rice University, Houston, TX; Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Waco, TX
| | - Nia J Heard-Garris
- Division of Academic General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Mary Ann and J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research, Outreach, and Advocacy Center, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Sara R Jaffee
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sara B Johnson
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mahasin S Mujahid
- Division of Epidemiology, Berkeley School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley CA
| | - Natalie Slopen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD
| | - Shaoyong Su
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
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15
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Gray ID, Kross AR, Renfrew ME, Wood P. Precision Medicine in Lifestyle Medicine: The Way of the Future? Am J Lifestyle Med 2020; 14:169-186. [PMID: 32231483 PMCID: PMC7092395 DOI: 10.1177/1559827619834527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine has captured the imagination of the medical community with visions of therapies precisely targeted to the specific individual's genetic, biological, social, and environmental profile. However, in practice it has become synonymous with genomic medicine. As such its successes have been limited, with poor predictive or clinical value for the majority of people. It adds little to lifestyle medicine, other than in establishing why a healthy lifestyle is effective in combatting chronic disease. The challenge of lifestyle medicine remains getting people to actually adopt, sustain, and naturalize a healthy lifestyle, and this will require an approach that treats the patient as a person with individual needs and providing them with suitable types of support. The future of lifestyle medicine is holistic and person-centered rather than technological.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian D. Gray
- Avondale College of Higher Education, Cooranbong,
New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrea R. Kross
- Avondale College of Higher Education, Cooranbong,
New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melanie E. Renfrew
- Avondale College of Higher Education, Cooranbong,
New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul Wood
- Avondale College of Higher Education, Cooranbong,
New South Wales, Australia
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16
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Ragsdale HB, Kuzawa CW, Borja JB, Avila JL, McDade TW. Regulation of inflammation during gestation and birth outcomes: Inflammatory cytokine balance predicts birth weight and length. Am J Hum Biol 2019; 31:e23245. [PMID: 30980448 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The maternal environment during gestation influences offspring health at birth and throughout the life course. Recent research has demonstrated that endogenous immune processes such as dysregulated inflammation adversely impact birth outcomes, increasing the risk for preterm birth and restricted fetal growth. Prior analyses examining this association suggest a relationship between maternal C-reactive protein (CRP), a summary measure of inflammation, and offspring anthropometric outcomes. This study investigates pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and their ratio, to gain deeper insight into the regulation of inflammation during pregnancy. METHODS IL6, IL10, TNFɑ, and CRP were quantified in dried blood spots collected in the early third trimester (mean = 29.9 weeks) of 407 pregnancies in Metropolitan Cebu, Philippines. Relationships between these immune markers and offspring anthropometrics (birth weight, length, head circumference, and sum of skinfold thicknesses) were evaluated using multivariate regression analyses. Ratios of pro- to anti-inflammatory cytokines were generated. RESULTS Higher maternal IL6 relative to IL10 was associated with reduced offspring weight and length at birth. Individual cytokines did not predict birth outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with the idea that the relative balance of cytokines with pro- and anti-inflammatory effects is a key regulator of inflammation in pregnancy, the IL6:IL10 ratio, but neither cytokine on its own, predicted offspring birth outcomes. Our findings suggest that prior reports of association between CRP and fetal growth may reflect, in part, the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and that the gestational environment is significantly shaped by cytokine imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley B Ragsdale
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Christopher W Kuzawa
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois.,Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Judith B Borja
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc., University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Josephine L Avila
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc., University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines.,Department of Architecture, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Thomas W McDade
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois.,Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois.,Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess differences in myocardial systolic and diastolic function and vascular function in children 2-5 years of age born to diabetic as compared to non-diabetic mothers. METHODS This study was a retrospective cohort conducted in 2016 at The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. It included children between 2 and 5 years of age born to mothers with and without exposure to diabetes in utero (n = 68 in each group) and who were appropriate for gestational age. Myocardial morphology and function using echocardiogram and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) and pulse wave velocity was performed to evaluate cardiac function as well as macrovascular remodelling in these children. Multiple linear regression was used to compare the groups. RESULTS There was no significant difference in cardiac morphology, myocardial systolic and diastolic function, and macrovascular assessment between the exposed and unexposed groups of AGA children. Subgroup analysis demonstrated a significantly decreased mitral E/A ratio in children whose mothers were on medications as compared to those on dietary control (median [IQR] = 1.7 [1.6-1.9] and 1.56 [1.4-1.7], respectively, p = 0.02), and a higher cIMT in children whose mothers were on medication as compared to controls (0.48 [0.44-0.52] and 0.46 [0.44-0.50], respectively, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION In utero exposure to uncontrolled maternal diabetes has an effect on the cardiovascular structure and function in children aged 2-5 years. However, future work requires long-term follow-up from fetal to adult life to assess these changes over the life course.
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18
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Goosby BJ, Cheadle JE, Mitchell C. Stress-Related Biosocial Mechanisms of Discrimination and African American Health Inequities. ANNUAL REVIEW OF SOCIOLOGY 2018; 44:319-340. [PMID: 38078066 PMCID: PMC10704394 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-soc-060116-053403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
This review describes stress-related biological mechanisms linking interpersonal racism to life course health trajectories among African Americans. Interpersonal racism, a form of social exclusion enacted via discrimination, remains a salient issue in the lives of African Americans, and it triggers a cascade of biological processes originating as perceived social exclusion and registering as social pain. Exposure to discrimination increases sympathetic nervous system activation and upregulates the HPA axis, increasing physiological wear and tear and elevating the risks of cardiometabolic conditions. Consequently, discrimination is associated with morbidities including low birth weight, hypertension, abdominal obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Biological measures can provide important analytic tools to study the interactions between social experiences such as racial discrimination and health outcomes over the life course. We make future recommendations for the study of discrimination and health outcomes, including the integration of neuroscience, genomics, and new health technologies; interdisciplinary engagement; and the diversification of scholars engaged in biosocial inequities research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget J Goosby
- Department of Sociology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Jacob E Cheadle
- Department of Sociology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Colter Mitchell
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, USA
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19
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Harris KM, Schorpp KM. Integrating Biomarkers in Social Stratification and Health Research. ANNUAL REVIEW OF SOCIOLOGY 2018; 44:361-386. [PMID: 30918418 PMCID: PMC6433161 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-soc-060116-053339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the integration of biomarkers and biological mechanisms in social science models of stratification and health. The goal in reviewing this literature is to highlight research that identifies the social forces that drive inequalities over the life course and across generations. The article is structured in the following way. First, descriptive background information on biomarkers is presented, followed secondly by a review of the general theoretical paradigms that lend themselves to an integrative approach. Third, the biomarkers used to capture several biological systems that are most responsive to social conditions are described. Fourth, research that explicates how social exposures "get under the skin" to affect physiological functioning and downstream health is discussed, using socioeconomic disadvantage as an illustrative social exposure. The review ends with emerging directions in the use of biomarkers in social science research. This article endeavors to encourage sociologists to embrace biosocial approaches in order to elevate the importance of social factors in biomedical processes and to intervene on the social conditions that create inequities.
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20
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Berdahl TA, McQuillan J. Self-Rated Health Trajectories among Married Americans: Do Disparities Persist over 20 Years? J Aging Res 2018; 2018:1208598. [PMID: 29593904 PMCID: PMC5821994 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1208598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to understand self-rated health (SRH) trajectories by social location (race/ethnicity by gender by social class) among married individuals in the United States. We estimate multilevel models of SRH using six observations from 1980 to 2000 from a nationally representative panel of married individuals initially aged 25-55 (Marital Instability Over the Life Course Study). Results indicate that gender, race/ethnicity, and social class are associated with initial SRH disparities. Women are less healthy than men; people of color are less healthy than whites; lower educated individuals are less healthy than higher educated individuals. Women's health declined slower than men's but did not differ by race/ethnicity or education. Results from complex intersectional models show that white men with any college had the highest initial SRH. Only women with any college had significantly slower declines in SRH compared to white men with any college. For married individuals of all ages, most initial SRH disparities persist over twenty years. Intersecting statuses show that education provides uneven health benefits across racial/ethnic and gender subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terceira A. Berdahl
- Division of Research and Modeling, Center for Financing, Access and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Julia McQuillan
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 709 Oldfather Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588-0324, USA
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21
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Lawrence EM, Mollborn S, Hummer RA. Health lifestyles across the transition to adulthood: Implications for health. Soc Sci Med 2017; 193:23-32. [PMID: 28992538 PMCID: PMC5659920 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Research has long established the importance of individual health behaviors such as cigarette smoking for adult morbidity and mortality. However, we know little about how health behaviors cluster into health lifestyles among adolescents and young adults in the United States, or in turn, how such health lifestyles are associated with young adult health outcomes. This study establishes health lifestyles as distinct group phenomena at three developmental time points in a single cohort: late adolescence (ages 15-17), early adulthood (ages 20-24), and young adulthood (ages 26-31). We then identify the associations between these health lifestyles and young adult health outcomes. We use the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), a nationally representative sample of U.S. adolescents followed into adulthood, and latent class analysis and regression models. We uncover diverse health lifestyles among adolescents, early adults, and young adults; however, few individuals engaged in a consistently salubrious lifestyle at any developmental stage. People with less healthy lifestyles also tended to exhibit poorer health in young adulthood. Our results showed that young adult health lifestyles were significantly associated with young adult cardiovascular risk. Moreover, health lifestyles in each of the three developmental stages were associated with young adult self-rated health, and accounting for lifestyles in later stages explained some of these associations. Overall, this study suggests a portrait of problematic health lifestyles among a nationally representative cohort of young Americans, with associated patterns of relatively poor physical health among those with poor health lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Lawrence
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States.
| | - Stefanie Mollborn
- Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, United States; Department of Sociology, University of Colorado Boulder, United States
| | - Robert A Hummer
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States; Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
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22
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Bleil ME, Booth-LaForce C, Benner AD. Race disparities in pubertal timing: Implications for cardiovascular disease risk among African American women. POPULATION RESEARCH AND POLICY REVIEW 2017; 36:717-738. [PMID: 30127541 PMCID: PMC6097246 DOI: 10.1007/s11113-017-9441-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Compared to white girls, sexual maturation is accelerated in African American girls as measured by indicators of pubertal development, including age at first menses. Increasing epidemiological evidence suggests that the timing of pubertal development may have strong implications for cardio-metabolic health in adolescence and adulthood. In fact, younger menarcheal age has been related prospectively to poorer cardiovascular risk factor profiles, a worsening of these profiles over time, and an increase in risk for cardiovascular events, including non-fatal incident cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular-specific and all-cause mortality. Yet, because this literature has been limited almost exclusively to white girls/women, whether this same association is present among African American girls/women has not been clarified. In the current narrative review, the well-established vulnerability of African American girls to experience earlier pubertal onset is discussed as are findings from literatures examining the health outcomes of earlier pubertal timing and its antecedents, including early life adversity exposures often experienced disproportionately in African American girls. Gaps in these literatures are highlighted especially with respect to the paucity of research among minority girls/women, and a conceptual framework is posited suggesting disparities in pubertal timing between African American and white girls may partially contribute to well-established disparities in adulthood risk for cardio-metabolic disease between African American and white women. Future research in these areas may point to novel areas for intervention in preventing or lessening the heightened cardio-metabolic risk among African American women, an important public health objective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Bleil
- Department of Family and Child Nursing, University of Washington, Box 357262, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Cathryn Booth-LaForce
- Department of Family and Child Nursing, University of Washington, Box 357262, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Aprile D. Benner
- Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Box G1800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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23
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Goosby BJ, Straley E, Cheadle JE. Discrimination, Sleep, and Stress Reactivity: Pathways to African American-White Cardiometabolic Risk Inequities. POPULATION RESEARCH AND POLICY REVIEW 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11113-017-9439-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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24
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Olson JS, Hayward MD. Breastfeeding, overweight status, and inflammation. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2017; 64:226-236. [PMID: 28364846 PMCID: PMC5380147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Research documents a host of health benefits of breastfeeding for infants and children, including long-term health conditions arising from inflammation. Here, we provide new evidence about this association, focusing on the link between breastfeeding in infancy and inflammation in early adulthood. Our study is based on the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) which allows us investigate a potentially important mediating pathway - overweight status from early adolescence into young adulthood. Results from pathway analyses in a structural equation modeling framework indicate that, in addition to a direct pathway linking breastfeeding and inflammation, an indirect pathway through overweight status across adolescence into young adulthood partially explains the association between breastfeeding and inflammation. Overweight status, moreover, links breastfeeding to inflammation not only through proximal timing of overweight status, but also through an indirect cascading process of overweight status over the life course that is evident in adolescence. Overall, this study highlights the importance of considering breastfeeding, overweight status and inflammation as dynamic life course processes that contribute to development of health inequalities.
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25
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Wang H, Blanco E, Algarín C, Peirano P, Burrows R, Reyes M, Wing D, Godino JG, Gahagan S. Weight Status and Physical Activity: Combined Influence on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Among Adolescents, Santiago, Chile. Glob Pediatr Health 2016; 3:2333794X16674561. [PMID: 27803943 PMCID: PMC5077069 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x16674561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the independent and combined influence of overweight/obesity and meeting moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) guidelines (≥60 minutes per day) on cardiometabolic risk factors among healthy adolescents. We measured anthropometry, blood pressure, fasting lipids, and activity by accelerometer in 223 adolescents. They were categorized as overweight/obese versus normal weight and meeting the World Health Organization guidelines for MVPA per day. Adolescents were 16.8 years, 41% overweight/obese, 30% met MVPA guidelines, 50% low high-density lipoprotein, 22% high triglycerides, 12% high blood pressure, and 6% high fasting glucose. Controlling for sex, overweight/obese adolescents who did not meet MVPA guidelines had 4.0 and 11.9 increased odds for elevated triglycerides and systolic blood pressure, respectively, compared to normal weight adolescents who met MVPA guidelines. Overweight/obese and normal weight adolescents who met MVPA guidelines did not differ in cardiometabolic risk factors. Among overweight/obese adolescents, being physically active attenuated the likelihood of high triglycerides and systolic blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Wang
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Estela Blanco
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - David Wing
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Job G Godino
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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