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Fasce A, Schmid P, Holford DL, Bates L, Gurevych I, Lewandowsky S. A taxonomy of anti-vaccination arguments from a systematic literature review and text modelling. Nat Hum Behav 2023; 7:1462-1480. [PMID: 37460761 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01644-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation of anti-vaccination arguments is a threat to the success of many immunization programmes. Effective rebuttal of contrarian arguments requires an approach that goes beyond addressing flaws in the arguments, by also considering the attitude roots-that is, the underlying psychological attributes driving a person's belief-of opposition to vaccines. Here, through a pre-registered systematic literature review of 152 scientific articles and thematic analysis of anti-vaccination arguments, we developed a hierarchical taxonomy that relates common arguments and themes to 11 attitude roots that explain why an individual might express opposition to vaccination. We further validated our taxonomy on coronavirus disease 2019 anti-vaccination misinformation, through a combination of human coding and machine learning using natural language processing algorithms. Overall, the taxonomy serves as a theoretical framework to link expressed opposition of vaccines to their underlying psychological processes. This enables future work to develop targeted rebuttals and other interventions that address the underlying motives of anti-vaccination arguments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Fasce
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Philipp Schmid
- Institute for Planetary Health Behaviour, University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
- Department of Implementation Research, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dawn L Holford
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Luke Bates
- Ubiquitous Knowledge Processing Lab/Department of Computer Science and Hessian Center for AI (hessian.AI), Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Iryna Gurevych
- Ubiquitous Knowledge Processing Lab/Department of Computer Science and Hessian Center for AI (hessian.AI), Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stephan Lewandowsky
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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McKinley CJ, Olivier E, Ward JK. The Influence of Social Media and Institutional Trust on Vaccine Hesitancy in France: Examining Direct and Mediating Processes. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1319. [PMID: 37631887 PMCID: PMC10458819 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy (VH) remains an ongoing challenge in French society. This project explored how institutional trust and preference for information via social media (PISM) drive hesitancy. Across a large, nationally represented population, our findings show that PISM and trust are strongly correlated measures, with both independently predicting VH. Subsequent mediation tests show that social media operates as primarily an indirect contributor to VH through trust. Additional tests involving VH and non-VH typologies revealed that institutional trust consistently predicts greater general support for vaccines and reduced distrust in vaccination. Conversely, PISM directly drives vaccine distrust, with its impact on non-hesitancy fully mediated by institutional trust. Overall, these findings point to the relevance for researchers and public health deciders to address the nature by which people utilize social media information resources and how that interacts with levels of trust for national institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elea Olivier
- Mathematics Engineering at INSA Rennes, 35700 Rennes, France
| | - Jeremy K. Ward
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Cermes3, F-94800 Villejuif, France
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Zhang R, Yan J, Jia H, Luo X, Lin J, Liu Q. Nationalism, conspiracy theories and vaccine mandates: Exploring the statism determinants for attitudes to COVID-19 control in China. Vaccine X 2023; 13:100263. [PMID: 36683778 PMCID: PMC9847324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction China's loosening its COVID-19 controls highlighted its insufficiency in vaccination protection. Mandatory vaccination might be necessary if the gap cannot be filled over a short time. However, few studies have explored how Chinese people view the COVID-19 vaccine mandates, let alone placing such views in the country's highly politicized context. Material and methods The current study utilizes data from a national survey adopting quota sampling to analyze the Chinese public's medical and non-medical considerations when judging compulsory COVID-19 vaccination (n = 1,523). The survey was conducted between 1 and 8 April 2021. All adults aged 18 years and older were eligible to take part. The survey included sociodemographic details, perceived susceptibility to infection, perceived vaccine benefit, attitudes to vaccination policies, nationalism, beliefs in various conspiracy theories and science literacy. Multiple regression analyses were done to examine factors associated with the attitude to COVID-19 vaccine mandates. Results The study reveals that personal risk and benefit perceptions did not dominate the Chinese public's attitude toward vaccination mandates. Instead, nationalism was relatively strongly associated with their willingness to accept mandatory vaccination. Contrary to studies in the West, various conspiracy beliefs and conspiratorial thinking were robustly related to the support for mandatory vacciniation. Science literacy didn't link to the attitude to vaccination mandates. It only had a weak moderating effect on the influence of conspiratorial thinking on attitudes to the vaccination policies. Conclusions The results indicated that Chinese people's attitude to the COVID-19 vaccination policy is highly politicized and influenced by conspiracy theories. Given the potentially massive impacts of the COVID-19 infection, we need to educate the Chinese public with more medically valuable and relevant information to help them make sound decisions regarding vaccination. Meanwhile, we can adopt nationalistic tones to improve the persuasion effect, but misinformation during the process must be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifen Zhang
- School of Communication, Soochow University, Suzhou 215127, China
| | - Jun Yan
- School of Journalism and Information Communication, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hepeng Jia
- School of Communication, Soochow University, Suzhou 215127, China,School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215127, China,Corresponding author at: School of Communication, Soochow University, Suzhou 215127, China
| | - Xi Luo
- School of Communication, Soochow University, Suzhou 215127, China
| | - Jingke Lin
- School of Journalism and Communication, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qinliang Liu
- School of Communication, Soochow University, Suzhou 215127, China
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Talking about the Vaccine after the Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study among Youth in Turkey and Ethical Issues. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11010104. [PMID: 36679949 PMCID: PMC9860747 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Examining the factors that affect the vaccination rate among young people in an ethical frame can support vaccination promotion. Therefore, this study will elaborate, through an ethical lens, on young people's hesitation about and decisions regarding getting vaccinated. The cross-sectional study was conducted with 2428 people aged 15-30 in Turkey in June 2022. The questionnaire included the following subtitles: psycho-social situation, health services and health policies, COVID-19 vaccine, and predictions about life and health after the pandemic. The average age was 22.9 years. In the study sample, 80% were vaccinated, while 20% were not. Vaccinated participants acted more cautiously to protect their health. Receiving accurate and sufficient information on proposed vaccines affects vaccination status. The primary reason for getting vaccinated was "to protect their health, families, and relatives", and the primary reason for not getting vaccinated was "not trusting the vaccine content or the country where the vaccine was produced". Specifically, those vaccinated felt more relaxed physically, psychologically, and socially. In addition, the expectations for the future of those vaccinated were significantly higher. Accurate and adequate information is essential for reducing vaccine hesitancy. In addition, promoting prosocial behaviors in young people and highlighting related values will support vaccination.
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Khadafi R, Nurmandi A, Qodir Z, Misran. Hashtag as a new weapon to resist the COVID-19 vaccination policy: a qualitative study of the anti-vaccine movement in Brazil, USA, and Indonesia. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2042135. [PMID: 35240923 PMCID: PMC9009927 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2042135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) named the anti-vaccine movement one of the top 10 global health threats. This trend has shown that it can diminish public faith in government and increase public distrust of scientific results in the health sector, including the use of the COVID-19 vaccine. The purpose of this study is to examine the anti-vaccine movement on Twitter social media platform, which uses Hashtag to protest vaccination regulations in the COVID-19 pandemic. The content analysis, relationship analysis, and word cloud analysis models were used in this study, which used a descriptive qualitative approach. The primary data source for this study is Hashtag, which are used to focus on three aspects. First, establish which information in Brazil, the United States, and Indonesia leads the anti-vaccine COVID-19 narrative. Second, how does the Hashtag link between each country work? Third, which narrative dominates the use of Hashtag in each of the three countries? According to the findings of this study, in Brazil, 69.2% of Twitter Hashtag associated to the COVID-19 vaccination were negative, compared to 59.4% in the USA and 62.8% in Indonesia. In general, the Hashtag used in the three countries to oppose COVID-19 vaccination policies have a clear and significant relationship. In Brazil, the Hashtag #covidiots was the most popular, while in the United States, #covivaccine was the most popular, and in Indonesia, #antivaccine was the most popular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizal Khadafi
- Departement of Islamic Politics - Political Science, Muhammadiyah University Yogyakarta, Bantul, Indonesia
| | - Achmad Nurmandi
- Departement of Islamic Politics - Political Science, Muhammadiyah University Yogyakarta, Bantul, Indonesia
| | - Zuly Qodir
- Departement of Islamic Politics - Political Science, Muhammadiyah University Yogyakarta, Bantul, Indonesia
| | - Misran
- Departement of Islamic Politics - Political Science, Muhammadiyah University Yogyakarta, Bantul, Indonesia
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6
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Attwell K, Hannah A. Convergence on Coercion: Functional and Political Pressures as Drivers of Global Childhood Vaccine Mandates. Int J Health Policy Manag 2022; 11:2660-2671. [PMID: 35397484 PMCID: PMC9818102 DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2022.6518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccine hesitancy is a global problem with diverse local policy responses, from voluntaristic to coercive. Between 2015 and 2017, California, Australia, France, and Italy increased the coerciveness of their childhood vaccine regimes. Despite this apparent convergence, there is little evidence of imposition, policy learning, or diffusion - the drivers that are usually discussed in scholarly literature on policy convergence. The fact that the four governments were oriented across the political spectrum, with quite different political and institutional systems, further indicates an empirical puzzle. METHODS To better understand the drivers of enhanced vaccine mandates, a crucial issue during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global rollout, this article engages with four case studies assembled from qualitative analysis of semi-structured in-country interviews and document analysis between November 2018 and November 2020. Key informants had specific expert knowledge or played a role in the introduction or implementation of the new policies. Interview transcripts were coded inductively and deductively, augmented with extensive analysis of legal, policy, academic and media documents. RESULTS The case analysis identifies two key and interacting elements in government decisions to tighten vaccine mandates: functional and political pressures. Policy-makers in Italy and France were primarily driven by functional challenges, with their vaccination governance systems under threat from reduced population compliance. California and Australia did not face systemic threats to the functioning of their systems, but activists utilised local opportunities to heighten political pressure on decision makers. CONCLUSION In four recent cases of high-income jurisdictions making childhood vaccination policies more coercive, vaccine hesitancy alone could not explain why the policies arose in these jurisdictions and not others, while path dependency alone could not explain why some jurisdictions with mandates made them more coercive. Explanation lies in restrictive mandates being attractive for governments, whether they face systemic functional problems in vaccine governance, or political pressures generated by media and activists. Mandates can be framed as targeting whole populations or localised groups of refusers, and implemented without onerous costs or policy complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Attwell
- Political Science and International Relations, School of Social Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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7
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Claudy MC, Vijayakumar S, Campbell N. Reckless spreader or blameless victim? How vaccination status affects responses to COVID-19 patients. Soc Sci Med 2022; 305:115089. [PMID: 35660696 PMCID: PMC9142174 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Vaccination against Covid-19 has become an increasingly polarizing issue in western democracies. While much research has focused on social-psychological determinants of vaccine hesitancy, less is known about the attitudes and behaviors of the vaccinated populations towards those who are unvaccinated. Building on Weiner's attribution theory (2005, 1985, 1980), we predict that vaccination status determines the attribution of personal responsibility and blame in Covid-19 social dilemmas. This in turn explains people's affective and behavioral responses towards those who have fallen ill or infected others with COVID-19. Approach Through two preregistered experiments (total N = 1200) we show that people attribute greater personal responsibility when unvaccinated (vs. vaccinated) people fall ill from, or infect others with COVID-19. This attribution of responsibility manifested in less sympathy towards unvaccinated COVID-19 patients, which was associated with a lower willingness to help patients and their families (Study 1). Likewise, higher perceived responsibility results in greater anger towards unvaccinated people who had (involuntarily) infected others with the virus, which was associated with a greater desire for punitive actions (Study 2). Conclusion These findings suggest that unvaccinated people experience blame as well as negative attitudes and behaviors from the vaccinated population. This could in turn strengthen people's refusal to get vaccinated and increase polarization between vaccine supporters and vaccine critics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius C Claudy
- University College Dublin, College of Business, Carysfort Avenue, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Suhas Vijayakumar
- University College Dublin, College of Business, Carysfort Avenue, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Norah Campbell
- Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Business School, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Vanderslott S, Enria L, Bowmer A, Bowmer A, Kamara A, Lees S. Attributing public ignorance in vaccination narratives. Soc Sci Med 2022; 307:115152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mapping the global opinion space to explain anti-vaccine attraction. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6188. [PMID: 35589806 PMCID: PMC9120185 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines save millions of lives every year. They are recommended by experts, trusted by the majority of people, and promoted by expensive health campaigns. Even so, people with neutral attitudes are more persuaded by people holding anti-vaccine than pro-vaccine attitudes. Our analysis of vaccine-related attitudes in more than 140 countries makes sense of this paradox by including approaches from social influence. Specifically, we show that neutral people are positioned closer to anti- than to pro-vaccine people in the opinion space, and therefore more persuadable by them. We use dynamic social simulations seeded with vaccine survey data, to show how this effect results in a drift towards anti-vaccine opinions. Linking this analysis to data from two other multi-country datasets, we found that countries in which the pro-vaccine people are less associated to the neutrals (and so less able to influence them) exhibit lower vaccination rates and stronger increase in distrust. We conclude our paper by showing how taking social influence into account in vaccine-related policy-making can possibly reduce waves of distrust towards vaccination.
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10
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Chen L, Zhang Y, Young R, Wu X, Zhu G. Effects of Vaccine-Related Conspiracy Theories on Chinese Young Adults' Perceptions of the HPV Vaccine: An Experimental Study. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2021; 36:1343-1353. [PMID: 32312084 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2020.1751384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This online experiment used the Theory of Planned Behavior to examine the impact of exposure to conspiracy social media messages on Chinese young adults' perceptions of the HPV vaccine. Three major findings were identified. First, exposure to anti-vaccine conspiracy theories resulted in less favorable attitudes toward the HPV vaccine, less positive perceived norms regarding getting vaccinated, and weaker vaccination intentions. Second, people who were more knowledgeable about the HPV vaccine had more favorable attitudes, more positive norms, higher perceived behavioral control, and greater behavioral intentions. Finally, vaccine knowledge moderated the effect of exposure to anti-vaccine conspiracy theories. Our results suggest that, among Chinese young adult social media users, preexisting knowledge of the HPV vaccine may have a protective effect against exposure to online conspiracy theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Communication, Sybil B. Harrington College of Fine Arts and Humanities, West Texas A&M University
| | - Yafei Zhang
- Department of Management, Marketing and General Business, Paul and Virginia Engler College of Business, West Texas A&M University
| | - Rachel Young
- School of Journalism and Mass Communication, The University of Iowa
| | - Xianwei Wu
- School of Journalism and Mass Communication, The University of Iowa
| | - Ge Zhu
- School of Journalism and Mass Communication, The University of Iowa
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Attwell K, Carlson S, Tchilingirian J, Harper T, McKenzie L, Roberts L, Rizzi M, Westphal D, Effler P, Hughes C, Swift V, Blyth CC. Coronavax: preparing community and government for COVID-19 vaccination: a research protocol for a mixed methods social research project. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e049356. [PMID: 34193501 PMCID: PMC8249174 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ahead of the implementation of a COVID-19 vaccination programme, the interdisciplinary Coronavax research team developed a multicomponent mixed methods project to support successful roll-out of the COVID-19 vaccine in Western Australia. This project seeks to analyse community attitudes about COVID-19 vaccination, vaccine access and information needs. We also study how government incorporates research findings into the vaccination programme. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The Coronavax protocol employs an analytical social media study, and a qualitative study using in-depth interviews with purposively selected community groups. Participant groups currently include healthcare workers, aged care workers, first responders, adults aged 65+ years, adults aged 30-64 years, young adults aged 18-29 years, education workers, parents/guardians of infants and young children (<5 years), parents/guardians of children aged 5-18 years with comorbidities and parents/guardians who are hesitant about routine childhood vaccines. The project also includes two studies that track how Australian state and Commonwealth (federal) governments use the study findings. These are functional dialogues (translation and discussion exercises that are recorded and analysed) and evidence mapping of networks within government (which track how study findings are used). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval has been granted by the Child and Adolescent Health Service Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) and the University of Western Australia HREC. Study findings will be disseminated by a series of journal articles, reports to funders and stakeholders, and invited and peer-reviewed presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Attwell
- School of Social Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Samantha Carlson
- School of Social Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jordan Tchilingirian
- School of Social Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tauel Harper
- Faculty of Arts, Business, Law and Education, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lara McKenzie
- School of Social Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Leah Roberts
- School of Social Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Marco Rizzi
- School of Law, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Darren Westphal
- Communicable Disease Control Directorate, Department of Health Government of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Paul Effler
- Communicable Disease Control Directorate, Department of Health Government of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Catherine Hughes
- Immunisation Foundation of Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Valerie Swift
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher C Blyth
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Dubé È, Ward JK, Verger P, MacDonald NE. Vaccine Hesitancy, Acceptance, and Anti-Vaccination: Trends and Future Prospects for Public Health. Annu Rev Public Health 2021; 42:175-191. [PMID: 33798403 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-090419-102240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An often-stated public health comment is that "vaccination is a victim of its own success." While the scientific and medical consensus on the benefits of vaccination is clear and unambiguous, an increasing number of people are perceiving vaccines as unsafe and unnecessary. The World Health Organization identified "the reluctance or refusal to vaccinate despite availability of vaccines" as one of the 10 threats to global health in 2019. The negative influence of anti-vaccination movements is often named as a cause of increasing vaccine resistance in the public. In this review, we give an overview of the current literature on the topic, beginning by agreeing on terminology and concepts before looking at potential causes, consequences, and impacts of resistance to vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ève Dubé
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada.,Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Québec G1E 7G9, Canada;
| | - Jeremy K Ward
- CERMES3, INSERM, CNRS, EHESS, Université de Paris, 94076 Villejuif, France; .,Aix Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Service de Santé des Armées, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France;
| | - Pierre Verger
- Aix Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Service de Santé des Armées, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France; .,Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Noni E MacDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3K 6R8, Canada;
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13
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Vignier N, Brureau K, Granier S, Breton J, Michaud C, Gaillet M, Agostini C, Ballet M, Nacher M, Valdes A, Abboud P, Adenis A, Djossou F, Epelboin L, Douine M. Attitudes towards the COVID-19 Vaccine and Willingness to Get Vaccinated among Healthcare Workers in French Guiana: The Influence of Geographical Origin. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:682. [PMID: 34205613 PMCID: PMC8234955 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In the context of the global COVID-19 pandemic and the expansion of the more transmissible 20J/501Y.V3 (Gamma) variant of concern (VOC), mRNA vaccines have been made available in French Guiana, an overseas French territory in South America, from mid-January 2021. This study aimed to estimate the willingness to be vaccinated and the socio-demographic and motivational correlates among Health Care Workers (HCWs) in French Guiana. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January 22 to March 26, 2021 among a sample of HCWs in French Guiana. They were asked about their willingness to get vaccinated against COVID-19 and vaccine hesitancy, vaccine uptake and vaccines attitudes. Factors associated with willingness to get vaccinated have been analyzed with ordinal logistic regression, using Stata software. Results: A total of 579 HCWs were interviewed, including 220 physicians and 200 nurses most often working in hospital (54%) or in the liberal sector (22%). Overall, 65.6% of respondents reported that they were willing or had already been vaccinated against COVID-19, while 24.3% of respondents reported that they did not want to get vaccinated against COVID-19 and 11.2% were unsure. HCWs were more willing to get vaccine if they were older, were worried about COVID-19 and were confident in the management of epidemic. Conversely, participants were less likely to have been vaccinated or willing to if they were nurses or of another non-medical profession, born in French Guiana, feared adverse effects, or if they did not trust pharmaceutical companies and management of the epidemic by authorities. Conclusion: Negative attitudes towards vaccines are a major public health concern among HCWs in French Guiana when considering the current active epidemic with Gamma VOC. General vaccine hesitancy and concerns about future side effects in particular represent important barriers. Low confidence in government and science are significant in COVID-19 vaccine refusal among non-medical staffs. Public health messaging with information on vaccine safety should be tailored to address these concerns. The specific challenges of HCWs from French Guiana must be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Vignier
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, CIC Inserm 1424, DRISP, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Av des Flamboyants, 97300 Cayenne, France; (K.B.); (S.G.); (M.N.); (A.A.); (M.D.)
- Institut Pierre Louis d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), Department of Social Epidemiology, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France
- UFR SMBH, Faculté de Médecine, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 97300 Bobigny, France
| | - Kepha Brureau
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, CIC Inserm 1424, DRISP, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Av des Flamboyants, 97300 Cayenne, France; (K.B.); (S.G.); (M.N.); (A.A.); (M.D.)
- Département Universitaire de Médecine Générale, Université des Antilles, 97145 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Sybille Granier
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, CIC Inserm 1424, DRISP, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Av des Flamboyants, 97300 Cayenne, France; (K.B.); (S.G.); (M.N.); (A.A.); (M.D.)
- Département Universitaire de Médecine Générale Montpellier-Nîmes, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Jacques Breton
- Union Régionale des Professions de Santé—Médecins Libéraux de Guyane, 97300 Cayenne, France;
| | - Céline Michaud
- Centres Délocalisés de Prévention et de Soins, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, 97300 Cayenne, France; (C.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Mélanie Gaillet
- Centres Délocalisés de Prévention et de Soins, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, 97300 Cayenne, France; (C.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Camille Agostini
- Centre Hospitalier Ouest Guyanais, 97320 Saint Laurent du Maroni, France;
| | - Mathilde Ballet
- Agence Régionale de la Santé de Guyane, 97300 Cayenne, France;
| | - Mathieu Nacher
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, CIC Inserm 1424, DRISP, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Av des Flamboyants, 97300 Cayenne, France; (K.B.); (S.G.); (M.N.); (A.A.); (M.D.)
- Campus de Troubiran, DFR Santé, Université de Guyane, 97337 Cayenne, France; (F.D.); (L.E.)
| | - Audrey Valdes
- Hygiene Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, 97306 Cayenne, France;
| | - Philippe Abboud
- Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, 97306 Cayenne, France;
| | - Antoine Adenis
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, CIC Inserm 1424, DRISP, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Av des Flamboyants, 97300 Cayenne, France; (K.B.); (S.G.); (M.N.); (A.A.); (M.D.)
- Campus de Troubiran, DFR Santé, Université de Guyane, 97337 Cayenne, France; (F.D.); (L.E.)
| | - Félix Djossou
- Campus de Troubiran, DFR Santé, Université de Guyane, 97337 Cayenne, France; (F.D.); (L.E.)
- Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, 97306 Cayenne, France;
| | - Loïc Epelboin
- Campus de Troubiran, DFR Santé, Université de Guyane, 97337 Cayenne, France; (F.D.); (L.E.)
- Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, 97306 Cayenne, France;
| | - Maylis Douine
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, CIC Inserm 1424, DRISP, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Av des Flamboyants, 97300 Cayenne, France; (K.B.); (S.G.); (M.N.); (A.A.); (M.D.)
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14
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Rodríguez-Blanco N, Montero-Navarro S, Botella-Rico JM, Felipe-Gómez AJ, Sánchez-Más J, Tuells J. Willingness to Be Vaccinated against COVID-19 in Spain before the Start of Vaccination: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5272. [PMID: 34063476 PMCID: PMC8155897 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy has increased in the past few years, influenced by the socio-cultural differences, political populism, or concerns related to the effectiveness and safety of some vaccines, resulting a feeling of distrust. This feeling can become a barrier against the achievement of the immunity necessary to stop the expansion of COVID-19. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acceptance of the vaccine against COVID-19 in Spain, as well as to identify the factors that have an influence on the concerns and attitudes of people against accepting the vaccine in the months prior to the start of vaccination on December 2020. An online questionnaire was created to obtain information about (1) sociodemographic characteristics; (2) concerns and sources of information about vaccines; and (3) attitudes about vaccination and state of health. A multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify the influencing factors. Of the 2501 participants, 1207 (48.3%) would accept the COVID-19 vaccine, 623 (24.9%) were hesitant, and 671 (26.8%) would reject it. The logistic regression showed that being male, older than 60, married, retired, with a high level of education, or with a leftist political inclination, could increase the probability of accepting the COVID-19 vaccine. Disinformation and the lack of political consensus were the main sources of distrust. The patients with hypertension, immunodepression, hypercholesterolemia, or respiratory disease, or were overweight, showed a greater acceptance to the vaccine, while those with cancer took the longest to accept it. A low acceptance of the vaccine against COVID-19 was observed among the Spanish population in the phase prior to its availability, and the main fears of the population were identified. It is necessary to offer correct and transparent information about these vaccines to reduce the concerns and increase the trust of the population, to thereby guarantee the success of the vaccination campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Rodríguez-Blanco
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Marina Baixa University Hospital, Av. Alcalde En Jaume Botella Mayor, 7, 03570 Villajoyosa, Spain
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Health Sciences Faculty, CEU-Cardenal Herrera University, CEU Universities, Plaza Reyes Católicos, 19, 03204 Elche, Spain; (A.J.F.-G.); (J.S.-M.)
| | - Sergio Montero-Navarro
- Physical Therapy Department, Health Sciences Faculty, CEU-Cardenal Herrera University, CEU Universities, Plaza Reyes Católicos, 19, 03204 Elche, Spain; (S.M.-N.); (J.M.B.-R.)
| | - José M. Botella-Rico
- Physical Therapy Department, Health Sciences Faculty, CEU-Cardenal Herrera University, CEU Universities, Plaza Reyes Católicos, 19, 03204 Elche, Spain; (S.M.-N.); (J.M.B.-R.)
| | - Antonio J. Felipe-Gómez
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Health Sciences Faculty, CEU-Cardenal Herrera University, CEU Universities, Plaza Reyes Católicos, 19, 03204 Elche, Spain; (A.J.F.-G.); (J.S.-M.)
| | - Jesús Sánchez-Más
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Health Sciences Faculty, CEU-Cardenal Herrera University, CEU Universities, Plaza Reyes Católicos, 19, 03204 Elche, Spain; (A.J.F.-G.); (J.S.-M.)
| | - José Tuells
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
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15
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Ward JK, Alleaume C, Peretti-Watel P. The French public's attitudes to a future COVID-19 vaccine: The politicization of a public health issue. Soc Sci Med 2020; 265:113414. [PMID: 33038683 PMCID: PMC7537647 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
As Covid-19 spreads across the world, governments turn a hopeful eye towards research and development of a vaccine against this new disease. But it is one thing to make a vaccine available, and it is quite another to convince the public to take the shot, as the precedent of the 2009 H1N1 influenza illustrated. In this paper, we present the results of four online surveys conducted in April 2020 in representative samples of the French population 18 years of age and over (N = 5018). These surveys were conducted during a period when the French population was on lockdown and the daily number of deaths attributed to the virus reached its peak. We found that if a vaccine against the new coronavirus became available, almost a quarter of respondents would not use it. We also found that attitudes to this vaccine were correlated significantly with political partisanship and engagement with the political system. Attitudes towards this future vaccine did not follow the traditional mapping of political attitudes along a Left-Right axis. The rift seems to be between people who feel close to governing parties (Centre, Left and Right) on the one hand, and, on the other, people who feel close to Far-Left and Far-Right parties as well as people who do not feel close to any party. We draw on the French sociological literature on ordinary attitudes to politics to discuss our results as well as the cultural pathways via which political beliefs can affect perceptions of vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic. Almost a quarter of the French population would not get vaccinated against COVID-19. Attitudes are correlated with political partisanship and engagement with politics. Attitudes do not follow the traditional separation between Left-wing and Right-wing. Refusal is associated with proximity radical parties and to abstention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy K Ward
- GEMASS, CNRS, Université Paris Sorbonne, Paris, France; Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.
| | - Caroline Alleaume
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; Southeastern Health Regional Observatory (ORS Paca), Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Peretti-Watel
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; Southeastern Health Regional Observatory (ORS Paca), Marseille, France
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16
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Fekete M, Pako J, Nemeth AN, Tarantini S, Varga JT. Prevalence of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in association with the occurrence of acute exacerbations. J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:4233-4242. [PMID: 32944335 PMCID: PMC7475525 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Based on current evidence, vaccination is recommended against the influenza virus and pneumococcus to avoid serious acute exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the rate of their vaccination coverage is still suboptimal. To determine the prevalence and effectiveness of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in COPD patients, and to prove its hypothetical association with the decreasing number of acute exacerbations. Methods We conducted a retrospective, population-based cohort study. Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination history were collected from 250 patients selected by simple random sampling from all COPD patients in Budapest at the Department of Pulmonary Rehabilitation of the National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology between 01 January 2019 and 01 June 2019. Inclusion criteria were the following: age 40 years and diagnosis of COPD. Odds ratios (ORs) were evaluated based on the occurrence of acute exacerbations during the preceding year. Results The average age was 66.62 (±8.34) years, 67.30 (±8.54) for males, and 66.09 (±8.16) for females. Man:woman ratio: 43.6%:56.4% in total. Overall prevalence of influenza vaccination was 23.6%, and the pneumococcal vaccination rate was 10.8% among COPD patients. Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination showed a significant protective effect and reduced the occurrence of exacerbations in the following year, influenza vaccination OR: 2.11 (95% CI: 0.88-5.02), pneumococcal vaccination OR: 1.06 (95% CI: 0.84-1.34), when taking both vaccination: OR: 2.37 (95% CI: 1.39-4.08). Conclusions We found association between influenza and pneumococcal vaccination and the reduced risk of hospitalization due to exacerbations in the ensuing year. The prevalence of vaccination is significantly below the optimal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Fekete
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Pako
- National Koranyi Institute for Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna N Nemeth
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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17
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A future vaccination campaign against COVID-19 at risk of vaccine hesitancy and politicisation. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 20:769-770. [PMID: 32445713 PMCID: PMC7239623 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30426-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Ward JK, Peretti-Watel P, Bocquier A, Seror V, Verger P. Vaccine hesitancy and coercion: all eyes on France. Nat Immunol 2020; 20:1257-1259. [PMID: 31477920 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0488-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy K Ward
- CNRS, Université Paris-Sorbonne, GEMASS, Paris, France. .,Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.
| | - Patrick Peretti-Watel
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,ORS PACA, Southeastern Health Regional Observatory, Marseille, France.,INSERM, F-CRIN, Innovative Clinical Research Network in Vaccinology (I-REIVAC), Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Bocquier
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,ORS PACA, Southeastern Health Regional Observatory, Marseille, France
| | - Valérie Seror
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Verger
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,ORS PACA, Southeastern Health Regional Observatory, Marseille, France.,INSERM, F-CRIN, Innovative Clinical Research Network in Vaccinology (I-REIVAC), Paris, France
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19
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Atlani-Duault L, Ward JK, Roy M, Morin C, Wilson A. Tracking online heroisation and blame in epidemics. LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 5:e137-e138. [PMID: 32085818 PMCID: PMC7129481 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(20)30033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laëtitia Atlani-Duault
- Centre Population et Développement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Paris, Paris, 75006, France; Fondation Maison des Sciences de l'Homme (FMSH), Paris, France.
| | - Jeremy K Ward
- Groupe d'Etude des Méthodes de l'Analyse Sociologique de la Sorbonne (GEMASS), Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris-Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Aix Marseille University, IRD, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | | | - Céline Morin
- Institut de recherche Médias, Cultures, Communication et Numérique, HAR, Paris Ouest University, Nanterre, France
| | - Andrew Wilson
- Fondation Maison des Sciences de l'Homme (FMSH), Paris, France
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20
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Baylac-Paouly B. Vaccine Development and Collaborations: Lessons from the History of the Meningococcal A Vaccine (1969-73). MEDICAL HISTORY 2019; 63:435-453. [PMID: 31571695 PMCID: PMC6733771 DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2019.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Based on a wide range of historical sources, including published scientific literature and archives (Institut Mérieux, WHO and IMTSSA), this article examines the history of the development of the meningococcal A vaccine between 1969 and 1973. It explores the social factors of vaccine development including various collaborations, informal discussions, the circulation of products and materials, formal meetings, trials and setbacks to highlight the complex reality of the development, production and use of the vaccine. Inscribed in a 'Golden Age' of vaccine development and production, this episode not only adds to the scholarship on the history of vaccines, which has tended to focus on a narrative of progress, but also considers the sharing of knowledge through collaborations, and the risks involved in the development of a vaccine. Finally, this perspective reveals the uncertainties and difficulties underlying the production of an effective vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Baylac-Paouly
- EA 4148 Sciences, Société, Historicité, Éducation et Pratiques (S2HEP), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
- S2HEP, Bâtiment ‘La Pagode’38 Boulevard Niels Bohr – Campus de la DOUA, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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21
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Trethewey SP, Patel N, Turner AM. Interventions to Increase the Rate of Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccination in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Scoping Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55060277. [PMID: 31208087 PMCID: PMC6631363 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55060277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objective: Current evidence suggests that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) should receive influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations. Despite international guidelines recommending vaccination in patients with COPD, many patients remain unvaccinated. Reasons for vaccine non-acceptance are multifaceted and are likely to be influenced by multiple psychosocial factors and pre-existing health beliefs. The aim of this review was to identify interventions which have been shown to effectively increase vaccination rates in patients with COPD. Materials and Methods: A structured search of PubMed returned 491 titles. Following title and abstract screening, seven full-text articles reporting on 6 unique interventional studies were extracted for narrative synthesis. A variety of interventions were investigated which, for the purposes of this review, were grouped into patient-focussed, clinician-focussed and mixed interventions. Results: Three papers reported findings from clinical trials (2 unique studies) and 4 papers reported findings from before-after studies. Two studies were conducted in the primary care setting, the remaining studies were conducted in secondary and tertiary care. Most studies reported both influenza and pneumococcal vaccination rates. These studies suggest that multimodal interventions, which target multiple aspects of evidence-based care and use both patient-focussed and clinician-focussed techniques, may have the greatest impact on vaccination rates in patients with COPD. Conclusions: Further, adequately powered, high quality studies are needed. It is crucial for individual institutions to monitor their own vaccination rates to determine if there is scope for performance improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel P Trethewey
- Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B95SS, UK.
| | - Neil Patel
- Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B95SS, UK.
| | - Alice M Turner
- Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B95SS, UK.
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B152TT, UK.
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22
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Dimi S, Zucman D, Chassany O, Lalanne C, Prazuck T, Mortier E, Majerholc C, Aubin-Auger I, Verger P, Duracinsky M. Patients' high acceptability of a future therapeutic HIV vaccine in France: a French paradox? BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:401. [PMID: 31072394 PMCID: PMC6509812 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background France is the European country with the lowest level of confidence in vaccines. Measurement of patients’ acceptability towards a future therapeutic HIV vaccine is critically important. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate patients’ acceptability of a future therapeutic HIV vaccine in a representative cohort of French patients living with HIV-AIDS (PLWHs). Methods This multicentre study used quantitative and qualitative methods to assess PLWHs’ opinions and their potential acceptance of a future therapeutic HIV vaccine. Cross-sectional study on 220 HIV-1 infected outpatients, aged 18–75 years. Results The participants’ characteristics were similar to those of the overall French PLWH population. Responses from the questionnaires showed high indices of acceptance: the mean score for acceptability on the Visual Analog Scale VAS was 8.4 of 10, and 92% of patients agreed to be vaccinated if a therapeutic vaccine became available. Acceptability depended on the expected characteristics of the vaccine, notably the duration of its effectiveness: 44% of participants expected it to be effective for life. This acceptance was not associated with socio-demographic, clinical (mode of contamination, duration of disease), quality of life, or illness-perception parameters. Acceptability was also strongly correlated with confidence in the treating physician. Conclusion The PLWHs within our cohort had high indices of acceptance to a future therapeutic HIV vaccine. Trial registration This study was retroactively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with ID: NCT02077101 in February 21, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlane Dimi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Réseau Ville Hôpital Val de Seine, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France.
| | - David Zucman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Réseau Ville Hôpital Val de Seine, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
| | - Olivier Chassany
- EA 7334 REMES, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Clinical Research Unit in Health Economics (URC-ECO), Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Lalanne
- EA 7334 REMES, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Prazuck
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Emmanuel Mortier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Louis Mourier Hospital, Colombes, France
| | - Catherine Majerholc
- Department of Internal Medicine, Réseau Ville Hôpital Val de Seine, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
| | | | - Pierre Verger
- Observatoire régional de la santé Paca, Marseille, France.,AMU-UMR912 SESSTIM-IRD, Marseille France, Marseille, France
| | - Martin Duracinsky
- EA 7334 REMES, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Clinical Research Unit in Health Economics (URC-ECO), Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Department of Internal Medicine & Clinical Immunology, Bicetre Hospital, AP-HP, Kremlin-Bicetre, Paris, France
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23
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Blomberg K, Eriksson M, Böö R, Grönlund Å. Using a Facebook Forum to Cope With Narcolepsy After Pandemrix Vaccination: Infodemiology Study. J Med Internet Res 2019; 21:e11419. [PMID: 30990457 PMCID: PMC6488961 DOI: 10.2196/11419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In 2010, newly diagnosed narcolepsy cases among children and adolescents were seen in several European countries as a consequence of comprehensive national vaccination campaigns with Pandemrix against H1N1 influenza. Since then, a large number of people have had to live with narcolepsy and its consequences in daily life, such as effects on school life, social relationships, and activities. Initially, the adverse effects were not well understood and there was uncertainty about whether there would be any financial compensation. The situation remained unresolved until 2016, and during these years affected people sought various ways to join forces to handle the many issues involved, including setting up a social media forum. Objective Our aim was to examine how information was shared, and how opinions and beliefs about narcolepsy as a consequence of Pandemrix vaccination were formed through discussions on social media. Methods We used quantitative and qualitative methods to investigate a series of messages posted in a social media forum for people affected by narcolepsy after vaccination. Results Group activity was high throughout the years 2010 to 2016, with peaks corresponding to major narcolepsy-related events, such as the appearance of the first cases in 2010, the first payment of compensation in 2011, and passage of a law on compensation in July 2016. Unusually, most (462/774, 59.7%) of the group took part in discussions and only 312 of 774 (40.3%) were lurkers (compared with the usual 90% rule of thumb for participation in an online community). The conversation in the group was largely factual and had a civil tone, even though there was a long struggle for the link between the vaccine and narcolepsy to be acknowledged and regarding the compensation issue. Radical, nonscientific views, such as those expounded by the antivaccination movement, did not shape the discussions in the group but were being actively expressed elsewhere on the internet. At the outset of the pandemic, there were 18 active Swedish discussion groups on the topic, but most dissolved quickly and only one Facebook group remained active throughout the period. Conclusions The group studied is a good example of social media use for self-help through a difficult situation among people affected by illness and disease. This shows that social media do not by themselves induce trench warfare but, given a good group composition, can provide a necessary forum for managing an emergency situation where health care and government have failed or are mistrusted, and patients have to organize themselves so as to cope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Blomberg
- School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Mats Eriksson
- School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Rickard Böö
- School of Business, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Åke Grönlund
- School of Business, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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24
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Contemporary vaccination policy in the European Union: tensions and dilemmas. J Public Health Policy 2019; 40:166-179. [DOI: 10.1057/s41271-019-00163-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Partouche H, Gilberg S, Renard V, Saint-Lary O. Mandatory vaccination of infants in France: Is that the way forward? Eur J Gen Pract 2019; 25:49-54. [PMID: 30672344 PMCID: PMC6394317 DOI: 10.1080/13814788.2018.1561849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In this opinion paper, the authors argue that the extension of mandatory immunization of infants up to two years of age from three diseases (diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis) to 11 diseases, introduced in France in January 2018, is not a sustainable response to the challenge of controlling vaccine-preventable diseases. In France in 2017, infant immunization coverage (IC) rates were sufficiently high or increasing (hepatitis B), except for measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) and meningococcus C disease. Even if vaccination obligation makes it possible to achieve the MMR IC objectives among infants, communication programmes and supported advice from GPs are essential for the catch-up of susceptible adults to obtain herd immunity. The impact of mandatory immunization on hesitancy remains uncertain, and it contradicts the evolution of the patient’s role in the governance of his own health and the principle of autonomy. Numerous studies have shown that interventions and advice from health professionals improve vaccine acceptance. To correct the poor implementation of some vaccination programmes by health professionals, strong communication and resources from health authorities are needed, rather than a retreat towards obligation. Reducing missed opportunities and increasing access to immunization are essential objectives. Finally, an immunization policy based on primary care and a patient-centred approach to each vaccination are more likely to reduce vaccine hesitancy, sustainably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Partouche
- a Conseil Scientifique du Collège National des Généralistes Enseignants (CNGE) , Paris , France.,b Département de Médecine Générale, Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France
| | - Serge Gilberg
- a Conseil Scientifique du Collège National des Généralistes Enseignants (CNGE) , Paris , France.,b Département de Médecine Générale, Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France
| | - Vincent Renard
- a Conseil Scientifique du Collège National des Généralistes Enseignants (CNGE) , Paris , France.,c Département de Médecine Générale, Faculté de Médecine , Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne (UPEC) , Créteil , France
| | - Olivier Saint-Lary
- a Conseil Scientifique du Collège National des Généralistes Enseignants (CNGE) , Paris , France.,d Département de Médecine Générale, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil , Université Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines (UVSQ) , Montigny-le-Bretonneux , France.,e Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et de Santé des Populations , Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, INSERM U1018, Université Paris-Saclay , Villejuif , France
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Ward JK, Cafiero F, Fretigny R, Colgrove J, Seror V. France's citizen consultation on vaccination and the challenges of participatory democracy in health. Soc Sci Med 2019; 220:73-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Vanderslott S. Exploring the meaning of pro-vaccine activism across two countries. Soc Sci Med 2018; 222:59-66. [PMID: 30605800 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
While vaccine-critical activism has been widely documented and discussed, comparatively little has been said about the concerted response of pro-vaccine activists defending the majority view. This paper explores two case studies of pro-vaccine activism in Australia and the United States (US). It shows how pro-vaccine views and behaviours can take varying forms due to different aims and methods of engagement - oppositional counteractivities in favour of vaccination in Australia, and issue-based advocacy as part of a political alliance in the US. The focus in Australia comes from a pro-science stance and includes 'skeptics' against pseudoscience directly opposing vaccine-critical groups. In the US, the focus takes the form of an issue-specific campaign that has arisen from existing pro-vaccine parent blogs and discussion groups pushing for policy change rather than public confrontation. These case studies exemplify how pro-vaccine activism can take varying forms of either reinforcing the mainstream view or countering digression from it. Drawing on qualitative research, this paper aims to examine the types of practices and strategies employed by activists to voice their support of vaccination, and discusses the means, messages, and motivations of pro-vaccine activism. It ends with an argument for why a study - of public support for in addition to studying public opposition to vaccination - can help to better understand vaccination views and behaviours. These findings have wider implications for the study of counter-activism and the polarisation of civil society groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Vanderslott
- Oxford Vaccine Group & Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, 34 Broad St, Oxford, OX1 2BD, UK.
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Massot E, Epaulard O. Midwives' perceptions of vaccines and their role as vaccinators: The emergence of a new immunization corps. Vaccine 2018; 36:5204-5209. [PMID: 29970300 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In France, midwives have recently been authorized to administer various vaccines to women (including pregnant women), newborns, and their family members. This is expected to enhance vaccine coverage. However, the French high level of vaccine hesitancy is also observed in some healthcare workers. We thus aimed to determine the perceptions of French midwives concerning vaccines. METHODS We distributed an anonymous online questionnaire between September and December 2017, targeting midwives who were still in training or working in the public or private sector. RESULTS A total of 917 questionnaires were analyzed (median age 26 years). Almost half of participants (44.5%) were students. On a scale of 0-100, the median perception of the usefulness, safety, and trust of vaccinations were 92, 80, and 85, respectively. The mean scores of students were significantly higher for each perception, whereas in professional midwives, age and perceptions were negatively correlated. When asked whether there were scientific, philosophical, or religious arguments not to vaccinate, 83.2%, 69.8%, and 77.8% of participants disagreed, respectively. The vast majority (91.6%) was very or mostly favorable to the pertussis vaccine after delivery, but only around half (51.5%) to the influenza vaccine during pregnancy; those favorable to the pertussis vaccine were younger. A high proportion of participants (88.3%) considered that midwives were in a good position to vaccinate, with this proportion being even higher among students. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the recent authorization regarding vaccine administration will result in better vaccine coverage of pregnant women and their families by midwives. The better perceptions of younger participants are also encouraging. However, the level of trust in vaccinations (only 80.1%) and the low number of participants favorable to the influenza vaccine during pregnancy suggest that initial and continuous training should be reinforced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Massot
- Midwifery School, University Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Epaulard
- Department of Infectious Diseases - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France; Fédération d'Infectiologie Multidisciplinaire de l'Arc Alpin - Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France.
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Fokoun C. Strategies implemented to address vaccine hesitancy in France: A review article. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:1580-1590. [PMID: 29608390 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1458807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination has been identified many decades ago as an effective means to prevent several diseases. However, in France, there is an emergence of vaccine hesitancy, that has caused a reduction of vaccination coverage rates. This issue reduces the effectiveness of the immunization process, and represents a real threat to public health that should be urgently addressed. The purpose of this review is to present actions that have been taken to fight against vaccine hesitancy and thus enhance vaccine uptake. The results indicate that different strategies have been proposed to reach this goal, mainly by vaccination campaigns. These findings highlight the strong implication of national health authorities and the medical staff of hospitals and health-care centers. However, actions implemented should be part of a long-term approach, and further studies are required to identify the most effective strategies to address vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Fokoun
- a Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon Public Health Institute , Lyon , France
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Ward PR, Attwell K, Meyer SB, Rokkas P, Leask J. Understanding the perceived logic of care by vaccine-hesitant and vaccine-refusing parents: A qualitative study in Australia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185955. [PMID: 29023499 PMCID: PMC5638294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In terms of public health, childhood vaccination programs have benefits that far outweigh risks. However, some parents decide not to vaccinate their children. This paper explores the ways in which such parents talked about the perceived risks and benefits incurred by vaccinating (or not vaccinating) their children. Between 2013–2016 we undertook 29 in-depth interviews with non-vaccinating and/or ‘vaccine hesitant’ parents in Australia. Interviews were conducted in an open and non-judgmental manner, akin to empathic neutrality. Interviews focused on parents talking about the factors that shaped their decisions not to (or partially) vaccinate their children. All interviews were transcribed and analysed using both inductive and deductive processes. The main themes focus on parental perceptions of: 1. their capacity to reason; 2. their rejection of Western medical epistemology; and 3. their participation in labour intensive parenting practices (which we term salutogenic parenting). Parents engaged in an ongoing search for information about how best to parent their children (capacity to reason), which for many led to questioning/distrust of traditional scientific knowledge (rejection of Western medical epistemology). Salutogenic parenting spontaneously arose in interviews, whereby parents practised health promoting activities which they saw as boosting the natural immunity of their children and protecting them from illness (reducing or negating the perceived need for vaccinations). Salutogenic parenting practices included breastfeeding, eating organic and/or home-grown food, cooking from scratch to reduce preservative consumption and reducing exposure to toxins. We interpret our data as a ‘logic of care’, which is seen by parents as internally consistent, logically inter-related and inter-dependent. Whilst not necessarily sharing the parents’ reasoning, we argue that an understanding of their attitudes towards health and well-being is imperative for any efforts to engage with their vaccine refusal at a policy level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R. Ward
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Katie Attwell
- Political Science and International Relations, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Samantha B. Meyer
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Philippa Rokkas
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Adelaide University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Julie Leask
- Sydney Nursing School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Ward PR. Improving Access to, Use of, and Outcomes from Public Health Programs: The Importance of Building and Maintaining Trust with Patients/Clients. Front Public Health 2017; 5:22. [PMID: 28337430 PMCID: PMC5340761 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The central argument in this paper is that "public trust" is critical for developing and maintaining the health and wellbeing of individuals, communities, and societies. I argue that public health practitioners and policy makers need to take "public trust" seriously if they intend to improve both the public's health and the engagement between members of the public and public health systems. Public health practitioners implement a range of services and interventions aimed at improving health but implicit a requirement for individuals to trust the practitioners and the services/interventions, before they engage with them. I then go on to provide an overview of the theory of trust within sociology and show why it is important to understand this theory in order to promote trust in public health services. I then draw on literature in three classic areas of public health-hospitals, cancer screening, and childhood immunization-to show why trust is vital in terms of understanding and potentially improving uptake of services. The case studies in this paper reveal that public health practitioners need to understand the centrality of building and maintaining trusting relationships with patients/clients because people who distrust public health services are less likely to use them, less likely to follow advice or recommendations, and more likely to have poorer health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Russell Ward
- Discipline of Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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