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Schaechter JD, Jacobs JW, Booth GS, Dupont WD, Silver JK. Gender Representation on Editorial Boards of JAMA Network Journals. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2024; 33:446-452. [PMID: 38330429 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.0685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Underrepresentation of women on editorial boards of biomedical journals has occurred for decades. The JAMA Network Journals have substantial and broad impact on advances in the biomedical sciences. We sought to determine the current status of gender representation on editorial boards of the 12 JAMA Network Journals. Methods: The gender of each editorial board member of the 12 JAMA Network Journals was classified based on review of online sources. The percentage of women on each board (i.e., number of women relative to total members) was calculated and compared to gender equity and parity benchmarks. The gender equity benchmark for each journal was defined as the percentage of women physicians in the medical specialty reflecting the journal's content based on Association of American Medical Colleges data. The gender parity benchmark for all journals was defined as 50% women. Results: There was considerable variation in the representation of women on the editorial boards of the JAMA Network Journals relative to gender equity and parity benchmarks. Women were underrepresented on 50% (6 of 12) of boards relative to gender equity and 67% (8 of 12) of boards relative to gender parity. Conclusions: Women were found to be underrepresented on 50% or more of the editorial boards of the JAMA Network Journals. This finding reflects gender inequities in academic publishing and the broader biomedical enterprise, which limits advances in the biomedical sciences and health care. Those JAMA Network Journals that continue to underrepresent women on their editorial boards are urged to remediate this longstanding issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith D Schaechter
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeremy W Jacobs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Garrett S Booth
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - William D Dupont
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Julie K Silver
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
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Verharen JPH. ChatGPT identifies gender disparities in scientific peer review. eLife 2023; 12:RP90230. [PMID: 37922198 PMCID: PMC10624422 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The peer review process is a critical step in ensuring the quality of scientific research. However, its subjectivity has raised concerns. To investigate this issue, I examined over 500 publicly available peer review reports from 200 published neuroscience papers in 2022-2023. OpenAI's generative artificial intelligence ChatGPT was used to analyze language use in these reports, which demonstrated superior performance compared to traditional lexicon- and rule-based language models. As expected, most reviews for these published papers were seen as favorable by ChatGPT (89.8% of reviews), and language use was mostly polite (99.8% of reviews). However, this analysis also demonstrated high levels of variability in how each reviewer scored the same paper, indicating the presence of subjectivity in the peer review process. The results further revealed that female first authors received less polite reviews than their male peers, indicating a gender bias in reviewing. In addition, published papers with a female senior author received more favorable reviews than papers with a male senior author, for which I discuss potential causes. Together, this study highlights the potential of generative artificial intelligence in performing natural language processing of specialized scientific texts. As a proof of concept, I show that ChatGPT can identify areas of concern in scientific peer review, underscoring the importance of transparent peer review in studying equitability in scientific publishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen PH Verharen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
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Foster AM, Darney BG, Nguyen BT, Russo J, Arora KS, Westhoff C. Advancing diversity, equity, inclusion, and anti-racism in Contraception: A statement of commitment from the Editorial Board. Contraception 2023; 123:110066. [PMID: 37207728 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2023.110066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angel M Foster
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Blair G Darney
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Portland, OR, USA; National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Center for Population Health (CISP), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Brian T Nguyen
- Department of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennefer Russo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; DuPont Clinic, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kavita Shah Arora
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Carolyn Westhoff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Bourgeault IL, Decady R, Pascual J, Hermosura BJ. Leading practices for men to support women's health leadership: A toolkit of resources to initiate change. Healthc Manage Forum 2023; 36:55-60. [PMID: 36062417 DOI: 10.1177/08404704221119099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Men have a critically important role to play in supporting women from different backgrounds to move into leadership roles. Indeed, it is necessary work for those in positions of privilege to challenge processes that result in inequitable gender outcomes in health leadership. We present the resources that have been compiled into a toolkit for men to support more inclusive health leadership and transformative systemic change. A three-step process was undertaken to search, select, and curate leading evidence-informed practices. Three key clusters of resources in the toolkit address why men's actions are necessary, what leading actions entail, and the importance of mentorship and sponsorship. Change will require more than shaping the individual attitudes and behaviours of men in leadership positions. Attention to gender and other forms of inequity need to be embedded into the structures, processes and outcomes of teams, organizations, and systems and evaluated for process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth Decady
- 6363University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Luong VTT, Ho C, Aedo-Lopez V, Segelov E. Gender profile of principal investigators in a large academic clinical trials group. Front Surg 2022; 9:962120. [PMID: 35923437 PMCID: PMC9339678 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.962120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gender equity in medicine has become a significant topic of discussion due to consistently low female representation in academia and leadership roles. Gender imbalance directly affects patient care. This study examined the gender and craft group of the Principal Investigators (PI) of clinical trials run by the Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group (AGITG) Methods Publicly available data was obtained from the AGITG website. Trials were divided into upper, lower gastrointestinal cancer, miscellaneous (neuroendocrine and gastrointestinal stromal tumours). Where multiple PIs were listed, all were counted. Craft group was assigned as surgical, medical, radiation oncology or other. Results There were 69 trials with 89 PI, where 52 trials were represented exclusively by male PIs. Of all PIs, 18 were women (20.2%); all were medical oncologists. Prior to 2005, all PIs were male. The craft group distribution of PIs was: 79% medical oncologists, 12% surgical oncologists, 8% radiation oncologist, 1% nuclear medicine physicians. Regarding trials with multiple PI's, there were 19 in total. Of these, 11 had only male PIs, which included 5 surgeons. Females were more likely to be a co-PI (42%) as opposed to sole PI (18%). There was no gender policy publicly available on the AGITG website. Conclusions There is a low percentage of female PIs in academic oncology trials in the portfolio of this large international trials group. No trial was led by a female surgical or radiation oncologist. There is a need to understand the reasons driving the disparity so that specific strategies can be put in place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vi Thi Thao Luong
- Oncology Department, Monash Health, Melbourne VICAustralia
- Correspondence: Dr Vi Thi Thao Luong
| | - Cindy Ho
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Eva Segelov
- Oncology Department, Monash Health, Melbourne VICAustralia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Kalidasan D, Goshtasebi A, Chrisler J, Brown HL, Prior JC. Prospective analyses of sex/gender-related publication decisions in general medical journals: editorial rejection of population-based women's reproductive physiology. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e057854. [PMID: 35217542 PMCID: PMC8883282 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether editorial desk rejection at general medical journals (without peer review) of two clinical research manuscripts may relate to author gender or women's physiology topics. Given evidence for bias related to women in science and medicine, and editorial board attitudes, our hypothesis was that submissions by women authors, on women's reproductive, non-disease topics received differential editorial assessment. DESIGN A prospective investigation of publications, author gender and topics in general medical journals in two issues following the editorial rejections of two clinical research manuscripts by five major English-language general medical journals. The rejected manuscripts (subsequently published in lower impact journals) described research funded by national granting bodies, in population-based samples, authored by well-published women scientists at accredited institutions and describing innovative women's reproductive physiology results. SETTING Tertiary academic medical centre. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES All clinical research published in the two issues following rejection date by each of the five major general medical journals were examined for first/senior author gender. The publication topic was assessed for its gendered population relevance, whether disease or physiology focused, and its funding. Rejection letters assessed editor gender and status. RESULTS Women were underrepresented as original research authors; men were 84% of senior and 69% of first authors. There were no, non-disease focused publications relating to women's health, although most topics were relevant to both genders. The majority (80%) of rejection letters appeared to be written by junior-ranked women editors. CONCLUSION Sex/gender accountability is necessary for clinical research-based editorial decisions by major general medical journals. Suggestions to improve gender equity in general medical journal publication: (1) an editorial board sex/gender champion with power to advocate for manuscripts that are well-performed research of relevance to women's health/physiology; (2) an editorial rejection adjudication committee to review author challenges; and (3) gender parity in double-blind peer review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharani Kalidasan
- Centre for Menstrual Cycle and Ovulation Research, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Azita Goshtasebi
- Centre for Menstrual Cycle and Ovulation Research, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joan Chrisler
- Department of Psychology, Connecticut College,New London, New London, Connecticut, USA
| | - Helen L Brown
- Woodward (Medical) Library, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jerilynn C Prior
- Centre for Menstrual Cycle and Ovulation Research, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Hosseini M, Sharifzad S. Gender disparity in publication records: a qualitative study of women researchers in computing and engineering. Res Integr Peer Rev 2021; 6:15. [PMID: 34847943 PMCID: PMC8632200 DOI: 10.1186/s41073-021-00117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current paper follows up on the results of an exploratory quantitative analysis that compared the publication and citation records of men and women researchers affiliated with the Faculty of Computing and Engineering at Dublin City University (DCU) in Ireland. Quantitative analysis of publications between 2013 and 2018 showed that women researchers had fewer publications, received fewer citations per person, and participated less often in international collaborations. Given the significance of publications for pursuing an academic career, we used qualitative methods to understand these differences and explore factors that, according to women researchers, have contributed to this disparity. METHODS Sixteen women researchers from DCU's Faculty of Computing and Engineering were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Once interviews were transcribed and anonymised, they were coded by both authors in two rounds using an inductive approach. RESULTS Interviewed women believed that their opportunities for research engagement and research funding, collaborations, publications and promotions are negatively impacted by gender roles, implicit gender biases, their own high professional standards, family responsibilities, nationality and negative perceptions of their expertise and accomplishments. CONCLUSIONS Our study has found that women in DCU's Faculty of Computing and Engineering face challenges that, according to those interviewed, negatively affect their engagement in various research activities, and, therefore, have contributed to their lower publication record. We suggest that while affirmative programmes aiming to correct disparities are necessary, they are more likely to improve organisational culture if they are implemented in parallel with bottom-up initiatives that engage all parties, including men researchers and non-academic partners, to inform and sensitise them about the significance of gender equity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shiva Sharifzad
- MAS,Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland
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Wagner JK, Yu JH, Chong JX, Royal CD, Bamshad MJ. Centering Equity in Human Genetics and Genomics Advances. HGG ADVANCES 2021; 2:100048. [PMID: 35047840 PMCID: PMC8756494 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2021.100048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Soklaridis S, Cooper RB, de Bie A. "Time is a Great Teacher, but Unfortunately It Kills All Its Pupils": Insights from Psychiatric Service User Engagement. THE JOURNAL OF CONTINUING EDUCATION IN THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS 2021; 41:263-267. [PMID: 34799515 PMCID: PMC8612918 DOI: 10.1097/ceh.0000000000000390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this Foundations article, the authors reflect on the meaning of time through their past work creating novel roles for psychiatric service users to be involved in the education of health professions trainees and faculty. Inspired by music composer Hector Berlioz, the authors explore and critique the ableist, chrononormative temporalities of academia, and medical education. The authors introduce the conception of crip time from critical disability studies and use it to reflect on their experiences of the different temporalities that people bring to service user engagement and other collaborative projects. "Crip time" can help challenge notions of pace and productivity to create a more inclusive space for teachers and learners in health professions education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Soklaridis
- Dr. Soklaridis: Senior Scientist, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and The Wilson Centre for Research in Education, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and Associate Professor, Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Ms. Cooper: Master of Bioethics Candidate, Centre for Bioethics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA. Dr. de Bie: Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Paul R. MacPherson Institute for Leadership, Innovation, and Excellence in Teaching, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Cansino C, Khanna K, Johnson Bhembe X, Overholser B, Burstin HR, Spector ND. The Path Forward: Using Metrics to Promote Equitable Work Environments. Pediatrics 2021; 148:e2021051440G. [PMID: 34470882 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-051440g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Women continue to be underrepresented in medicine, especially in senior leadership positions, and they experience challenges related to gender bias and sexual harassment. Women who are members of multiple groups that experience marginalization, including, for example, women who are American Indian, Alaskan native, indigenous, Black, or Hispanic, face a compounded challenge. In this article, we explore how institutions and professional organizations in medicine can use metrics to better understand the structural disparities that create and promote gender inequity in the work environment and how to employ these metrics to track progress in narrowing these gaps. Examples in health care (clinical medicine, scientific organizations, scientific publishing), business, and law are used to illustrate how impactful metrics can promote accountability when coupled with transparent reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Cansino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Kajal Khanna
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Xenia Johnson Bhembe
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School affiliate, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Barbara Overholser
- Executive Leadership in Academic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Helen R Burstin
- Council of Medical Specialty Societies, District of Columbia
| | - Nancy D Spector
- Executive Leadership in Academic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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11
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Rowley J, Sbaffi L. Investigating gender differences in journal selection decisions: A survey of academic researchers. LEARNED PUBLISHING 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/leap.1345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Franco MC, Rice DB, Schuch HS, Dellagostin OA, Cenci MS, Moher D. The impact of gender on scientific writing: An observational study of grant proposals. J Clin Epidemiol 2021; 136:37-43. [PMID: 33545271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine whether there are differences in the language used in grant applications submitted to a Southern Brazil Research Support Foundation (FAPERGS) according to the gender, career stage, and the number of publications of applicants. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING This observational study also evaluated the relationship between gender, career stage, curriculum, and writing characteristics. Summaries of all research proposals in the biomedical field of FAPERGS during the years of 2013 and 2014 were evaluated according to six language patterns (Positive emotions, Negative emotions, Analytic thinking, Clout, Authenticity, and Emotional tone) defined by the LIWC software. Applicant's gender, career stage, and the number of publications were also collected. RESULTS Three hundred and forty-four (344) grant proposals met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. No statistical differences were observed in the language pattern used by different gender applicants. In the language used by successful and unsuccessful applicants, we only found a small difference for clout (score 54.5 for not funded and 56.5 for funded grants). However, the principal investigators of successful applications had a significantly higher number of papers published (mean number of papers: 104 versus 58.5). CONCLUSIONS Gender bias appears to be a more complex problem than just the type of language used; the way society is organized causes several gender biases that may be reflected throughout the women's career.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Christ Franco
- Centre for Journalology, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, General Campus, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, K1H8L6 Canada; Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, 457 Gonçalves Chaves Street, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Danielle B Rice
- Centre for Journalology, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, General Campus, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, K1H8L6 Canada; Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Ave, Montreal, Canada
| | - Helena Silveira Schuch
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, 457 Gonçalves Chaves Street, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Odir Antonio Dellagostin
- Biotechnology Unit, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão campus, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Maximiliano Sérgio Cenci
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, 457 Gonçalves Chaves Street, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - David Moher
- Centre for Journalology, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, General Campus, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, K1H8L6 Canada.
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Abstract
Decolonisation of knowledge over the past few years has gained much traction among scholars and students in many countries. This situation has led to calls for the decolonisation of knowledge, academia, the university, and university curricula. That said, the knowledge production side of the terrorism industry, which sits inside academia, so far has escaped calls to decolonise. This situation is somewhat surprising because the terrorism industry has had a tremendous impact on many countries, especially Muslim majority ones. The 9/11 terrorist attacks have resulted in a tremendous amount of knowledge being produced and published on terrorism and counterterrorism. However, little is known about “who is publishing on terrorism and where they are based”. To this end, this paper adopts a decolonial approach and addresses the questions of “who is publishing on terrorism and where they are based” by analysing seven terrorism journals. It argues that most of the publications and knowledge on terrorism in the seven terrorism journals are produced by scholars with Western heritage and are based at Western institutions, which is connected to the coloniality of knowledge.
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Tennant JP, Ross-Hellauer T. The limitations to our understanding of peer review. Res Integr Peer Rev 2020; 5:6. [PMID: 32368354 PMCID: PMC7191707 DOI: 10.1186/s41073-020-00092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peer review is embedded in the core of our knowledge generation systems, perceived as a method for establishing quality or scholarly legitimacy for research, while also often distributing academic prestige and standing on individuals. Despite its critical importance, it curiously remains poorly understood in a number of dimensions. In order to address this, we have analysed peer review to assess where the major gaps in our theoretical and empirical understanding of it lie. We identify core themes including editorial responsibility, the subjectivity and bias of reviewers, the function and quality of peer review, and the social and epistemic implications of peer review. The high-priority gaps are focused around increased accountability and justification in decision-making processes for editors and developing a deeper, empirical understanding of the social impact of peer review. Addressing this at the bare minimum will require the design of a consensus for a minimal set of standards for what constitutes peer review, and the development of a shared data infrastructure to support this. Such a field requires sustained funding and commitment from publishers and research funders, who both have a commitment to uphold the integrity of the published scholarly record. We use this to present a guide for the future of peer review, and the development of a new research discipline based on the study of peer review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P. Tennant
- Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education, Gianyar, Bali Indonesia
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Verran D, Dwyer K, Hardstaff R, Lawton P, Schultz H. Gender Parity Remains To Be Achieved for the Range of Editorial Roles Associated with Current Australasian Medical Journals. Cureus 2020; 12:e7879. [PMID: 32489733 PMCID: PMC7255541 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With gender parity of medical school graduates having been achieved for well over two decades, it is timely to assess whether this has translated into gender parity for all of the editorial type roles of Australasian medical journals, reflecting a move toward gender equity. Data analysis was undertaken of the gender ratios of the current editorial roles of Australasian medical journals as compared to available Australian Health Workforce data. This reveals some variation in the gender ratios for all of the current range of editorial type positions and, hence, an absence of parity. There are no women holding formal editorial positions at all for 27.7% of these journals, whilst 77.7% of the chief editors' roles are occupied by men. For five out of 18 (27.7%) of the journals, gender parity has been or is close to having been achieved for these particular roles. These gender ratios do not mirror the gender ratios of the wider community of practice for at least 50% of the journals. Hence, it can be seen that gender parity is yet to be achieved for the range of editorial roles of Australasian medical journals, which carries implications for gender equity initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Verran
- Surgery, Ramsey Healthcare, Sydney, AUS
- Medicolegal Services, Avant Mutual Group, Sydney, AUS
| | | | | | - Paul Lawton
- Nephrology, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, AUS
- Renal Services, Top End Health Services, Darwin, AUS
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Bosco L, Lorello GR, Flexman AM, Hastie MJ. Women in anaesthesia: a scoping review. Br J Anaesth 2020; 124:e134-e147. [PMID: 31983412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite an increase in the proportion of women anaesthesiologists over time, women remain under-represented in academic and leadership positions, honour awards, and academic promotion. Current literature has identified several reasons for the observed gender disparity in anaesthesiology leadership and faculty positions, including unsupportive work environments, lack of mentorship, personal choices, childcare responsibilities, and active discrimination against women. A scoping review design was selected to examine the nature and extent of available research. Our review provides an overview of the literature that explores gender issues in anaesthesiology, identifies gaps in the literature, and appraises effective strategies to improve gender equity in anaesthesiology. We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE up to July 2019, and included 30 studies for analysis. Most reports used retrospective or survey methodologies. The review shows that women anaesthesiologists face gender biases in the work environment, are under-represented in various positions of leadership or influence, and as authors. Work-life demands may impose a challenge. Motivation and interest in career advancement of women anaesthesiologists have not been well studied. Several strategies have been proposed, ranging from an individual to administrative level, which may help anaesthesiologists achieve equal representation of women in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bosco
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Postgraduate Medical Education, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gianni R Lorello
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital - University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; The Wilson Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Alana M Flexman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maya J Hastie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Sopinka NM, Coristine LE, DeRosa MC, Rochman CM, Owens BL, Cooke SJ. Envisioning the scientific paper of the future. Facets (Ott) 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2019-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Consider for a moment the rate of advancement in the scientific understanding of DNA. It is formidable; from Fredrich Miescher’s nuclein extraction in the 1860s to Rosalind Franklin’s double helix X-ray in the 1950s to revolutionary next-generation sequencing in the late 2000s. Now consider the scientific paper, the medium used to describe and publish these advances. How is the scientific paper advancing to meet the needs of those who generate and use scientific information? We review four essential qualities for the scientific paper of the future: ( i) a robust source of trustworthy information that remains peer reviewed and is ( ii) communicated to diverse users in diverse ways, ( iii) open access, and ( iv) has a measurable impact beyond Impact Factor. Since its inception, scientific literature has proliferated. We discuss the continuation and expansion of practices already in place including: freely accessible data and analytical code, living research and reviews, changes to peer review to improve representation of under-represented groups, plain language summaries, preprint servers, evidence-informed decision-making, and altmetrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M. Sopinka
- Canadian Science Publishing, 65 Auriga Drive, Suite 203, Ottawa, ON K2E 7W6, Canada
| | - Laura E. Coristine
- Department of Biology, The University of British Columbia—Okanagan Campus, 1177 Research Road, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Maria C. DeRosa
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Chelsea M. Rochman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | | | - Steven J. Cooke
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
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