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Cui Y, LoParco CR, Bar-Zeev Y, Duan Z, Levine H, Abroms LC, Wang Y, Khayat A, Berg CJ. Theory-based correlates of cannabis use and intentions among US and Israeli adults: a mixed methods study. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2023; 18:54. [PMID: 37674246 PMCID: PMC10483868 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-023-00562-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the US and Israel, non-medical ('recreational') cannabis use is illegal at the national level; however, use rates are high and decriminalization and legalization is spreading. Thus, theory-based intervention efforts, especially for youth prevention, are crucial. METHODS This mixed-methods study of adults in the US (n = 1,128) and Israel (n = 1,094) analyzed: 1) cross-sectional survey data (Fall 2021) to identify theory-based correlates (risk perceptions, social norms) of past-month cannabis use, next-year use intentions, and intentions to use in the home or among children if non-medical cannabis was legal, using multivariable regression; and 2) qualitative interviews regarding perceptions of cannabis policies and use (US n = 40, Israel n = 44). RESULTS 16.7% reported past-month use; 70.5%, 56.3%, and 82.6% indicated "not at all likely" regarding next-year use and use in the home and among children if legal. Lower perceived risk and greater social norms were associated with past-month use, greater use intentions, and greater intentions to use in the home or among children. Past-month use was more prevalent among US (vs. Israeli) participants (22.0% vs. 11.2%); however, in multivariable regression controlling for past-month use, being from Israel was associated with greater use intentions (next-year; in the home/among children). Qualitative themes indicated: concerns about use (e.g., increasing use, health risks, driving-related risks) and legalization (e.g., impact on society/economy, marketing), and perceived benefits of use (e.g., medical) and legalization (e.g., access/safety, economic, individual rights). CONCLUSIONS Despite differences in cannabis perceptions and use across countries, perceived risk and social norms are relevant intervention targets regardless of sociopolitical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxian Cui
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Cassidy R LoParco
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yael Bar-Zeev
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zongshuan Duan
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hagai Levine
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lorien C Abroms
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Amal Khayat
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Carla J Berg
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
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Orsini MM, Vuolo M, Kelly BC. Adolescent Cannabis Use During a Period of Rapid Policy Change: Evidence From the PATH Study. J Adolesc Health 2023; 72:412-418. [PMID: 36481251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether shifts in various state-level cannabis policies are associated with individual-level changes in adolescent cannabis use following implementation. METHODS We use the restricted-access youth cohort of the PATH Study, a recent, longitudinal, and nationally representative dataset, to assess whether changes in cannabis policy affect youth cannabis use. Data include respondents aged 12 to 17 years across up to six repeated observations (N = 26,673). Hybrid (between-person and within-person) panel models are used to examine adolescent past-month cannabis use. RESULTS Within-person effects showed that the odds of past-month cannabis use are lower (odds ratio [OR] = 0.632; p < .05) in years when a respondent's state allowed only cannabidiol (CBD) compared to years when the state had legalized medical cannabis. The odds of past-month cannabis use are lower during years when a respondent's state had decriminalized (OR = 0.617; p < .01) or criminalized (OR = 0.648; p < .05) adult recreational cannabis possession compared to years when it was legalized. These effects were robust to numerous controls, including time and state fixed effects. By contrast, significant between-person effects became nonsignificant with state fixed effects included, implying that state-level average use distinguishes average differences between states rather than policy. DISCUSSION Liberalized cannabis policy is significantly associated with recent adolescent cannabis use. The most consequential policy shift associated with adolescent use is from either criminalization or decriminalization of cannabis possession to legalization, such that states making these changes should consider additional prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Orsini
- Department of Sociology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mike Vuolo
- Department of Sociology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
| | - Brian C Kelly
- Department of Sociology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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3
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Berg CJ, Windle M, Dodge T, Cavazos-Rehg P, Yang YT, Ma Y, Haardörfer R. Marijuana Use and Increases in Use over Time among Young Adult College Students in the State of Georgia: Analyses of Sociocontexual Predictors. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:350-359. [PMID: 34913832 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.2012691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While research has assessed correlates of marijuana use, there has been less focus on predictors of differing levels of changes in use during young adulthood, a critical period for use/escalation. OBJECTIVES We examined changes in marijuana use and related sociocontextual predictors (e.g., earlier-onset substance use, parental use, college type). METHODS Using data from Georgia college students (ages 18-25 years) in a 2-year, 6-wave longitudinal study (64.6% female, 63.4% White), 2-part random-effects modeling examined use at any assessment and number of days used. RESULTS Predictors of use status at any assessment included being male (OR = 1.87, 95%CI = [1.28-2.73]), Black (OR = 1.91, 95%CI = [1.15-3.19]), earlier-onset marijuana (OR = 2.63, 95%CI = [1.70-4.06]), cigarette (OR = 2.04, 95%CI = [1.19-3.48]), and alcohol users (OR = 1.49, 95%CI = 1.00-2.22]), parental tobacco (OR = 2.14, 95%CI = [1.18-3.86]) and/or alcohol use (OR = 1.55, 95%CI = [1.09-2.20]), and attending private (vs. public) institutions (OR = 1.68, 95%CI = [1.10-2.59]). Predictors of lower likelihood of use over time included being male (OR = 0.87, 95%CI = [0.77-0.98]), earlier-onset cigarette use (OR = 0.82, 95%CI = [0.68-0.98]), parental alcohol use (OR = 0.86, 95%CI = [0.77-0.97]), and private institution students (OR = 1.17, 95%CI = [1.02-1.34]). Predictors of more days used at baseline included being male (OR = 1.77, 95%CI = [1.40-2.23]), Black (OR = 1.42, 95%CI = [1.04-1.93]), earlier-onset marijuana (OR = 2.32, 95%CI = [1.78-3.01]) and alcohol users (OR = 1.29, 95%CI = [1.01-1.66]), and parental tobacco use (OR = 1.90, 95%CI = [1.32-2.73]). Predictors of fewer days used over time included being older (OR = 0.98, 95%CI = [0.97-1.00]), parental tobacco use (OR = 0.86, 95%CI = [0.78-0.95]), and attending private institutions (OR = 0.89, 95%CI = [0.83-0.93]). CONCLUSIONS Intervention efforts can be informed by current findings that correlates of baseline use (e.g., being male, attending private institutions) also predicted less use over time, and one's earlier use and parents' use of various substances impacted young adult use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla J Berg
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael Windle
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tonya Dodge
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Patricia Cavazos-Rehg
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Y Tony Yang
- Center for Health Policy and Media Engagement, School of Nursing, George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Regine Haardörfer
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Gearhart-Serna LM, Tacam M, Slotkin TA, Devi GR. Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon intake in the US adult population from NHANES 2005-2014 identifies vulnerable subpopulations, suggests interaction between tobacco smoke exposure and sociodemographic factors. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 201:111614. [PMID: 34216610 PMCID: PMC9922165 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a toxic and ubiquitous class of environmental chemicals, products of fuel combustion from human and natural sources. The objective of this study was to identify vulnerable populations for high PAH exposure and variability, to better understand where to target PAH exposure reduction initiatives. Urinary metabolite data were collected from 9517 individuals from the U.S. CDC National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey years 2005-2014 for four parental PAHs naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, and pyrene. We utilized these urinary biomarkers to estimate PAH intake, and regression models were fit for multiple demographic and lifestyle variables, to determine variable effects, interactions, odds of high versus low PAH intake. Smoking and secondhand smoke exposure accounted for the largest PAH intake rate variability (25.62%), and there were strongest interactions between race/ethnicity and smoking or SHS exposure, reflected in a much greater contribution of smoking to PAH intake in non-Hispanic Whites as compared to other races/ethnicities. Increased odds of high PAH intake were seen in older age groups, obese persons, college graduates, midrange incomes, smokers, and those who were SHS exposed. Among the non-smoking population, effects of other demographic factors lessened, suggesting a highly interactive nature. Our results suggest that there are demographic subpopulations with high PAH intake as a result of different smoking behaviors and potentially other exposures. This has human health, environmental justice, and regulatory implications wherein smoking cessation programs, SHS exposure regulations, and public health initiatives could be better targeted towards vulnerable subpopulations to meaningfully reduce PAH exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa M Gearhart-Serna
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Moises Tacam
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Trinity College of Arts & Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Theodore A Slotkin
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Gayathri R Devi
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Women's Cancer Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA.
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5
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Romm KF, West CD, Berg CJ. Mode of Marijuana Use among Young Adults: Perceptions, Use Profiles, and Future Use. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:1765-1775. [PMID: 34294001 PMCID: PMC8693385 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1949724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given changes in marijuana regulations, retail, and products and potential impact on use, we examined young-adult perceptions of different modes of use, the proportion using via different modes (e.g. smoking, vaping, ingesting), and associations with the use levels and stability of use over time. METHODS We analyzed baseline and one-year follow-up survey data (Fall 2018-2019) among 3,006 young adults (ages 18-34) across six metropolitan areas (Atlanta, Boston, Minneapolis-St. Paul, Oklahoma City, San Diego, Seattle). Measures included marijuana use frequency and mode, sociodemographics, other substance use, and social influences. RESULTS Participants' rated the following modes of use as: least harmful/addictive: topicals, oral pills, joint/bowl; most socially acceptable: joint/bowl, edibles/beverages, vaporized; and most harmful/addictive and least acceptable: wrapped, vaped, or waterpipe/bong with tobacco. Baseline past-month use prevalence was 39.2% (n = 1,178). Most frequent use mode was smoking (joints/bowls/cigar papers; 54.0%), vaping (21.8%), via pipe/bong (15.1%), and ingesting (9.1%). Multinomial logistic regression indicated that participants in states with legalized marijuana retail were at greater odds for using via modes other than smoking; participants more frequently using were at greater odds for using via pipe/bong (vs. smoking) (ps < .001). Regarding most frequent mode across time, most consistent was pipe/bong (53.3%), followed by smoking (49.3%), vaping (44.5%), and ingesting (32.9%). Past-month abstinence at follow-up was most common among those originally ingesting (34.3% abstinent), followed by smoking (23.6%), vaping (18.8%), and pipe/bong (14.8%). CONCLUSIONS Ongoing surveillance is needed to understand marijuana use patterns over time across different user groups (particularly by mode) and to inform interventions promoting abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn F Romm
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Carly D West
- Global Health Epidemiology and Disease Control, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Carla J Berg
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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Reboussin BA, Rabinowitz JA, Thrul J, Maher B, Green KM, Ialongo NS. Trajectories of cannabis use and risk for opioid misuse in a young adult urban cohort. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 215:108182. [PMID: 32745836 PMCID: PMC8420929 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although much of the attention surrounding the opioid epidemic has focused on rural and suburban Whites and prescription opioids, heroin overdoses among urban Blacks are on the rise. While some argue that legalization of cannabis will combat the epidemic, there are concerns it ignores the shift in the epidemic and could increase vulnerability to opioid misuse. The goal of this study is to examine the association between cannabis use from adolescence to young adulthood with opioid misuse in a primarily urban Black cohort. METHODS Data are from a study of 580 youth (87 % Black and 71 % low SES) residing in Baltimore City followed from ages 6-26. Cannabis trajectories were identified between ages 14-26 using group-based trajectory modeling. Logistic regressions were conducted to examine the impact of trajectories on opioid misuse in young adulthood adjusting for individual, neighborhood and peer factors. Opioid misuse was defined as using heroin or narcotics or painkillers without a prescription between ages 19-26. RESULTS Four cannabis trajectories were identified: Low/Non-Users (59.7 %), Adolescent Onset Limited (19.5 %), Young Adult Onset (10.8 %), and Adolescent Onset Chronic (10.0 %). Adolescent Onset Chronic cannabis users had the highest rate of opioid misuse (44.8 %) followed by Adolescent Onset Limited (18.8 %), Young Adult Onset (14.8 %) and Low/Non-Users (8.3 %). Prevalences were significantly higher for Adolescent Onset groups relative to Low/Non-Users even after adjustment for individual, neighborhood and peer factors. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent onset cannabis use is associated with opioid misuse in young adulthood among urban Blacks even after adjustment for socioecological factors associated with opioid misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A Reboussin
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Jill A Rabinowitz
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Johannes Thrul
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Brion Maher
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Kerry M Green
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas S Ialongo
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore MD, USA
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Kolar K. Women’s Use of and Access to Illicit Cannabis: An Investigation of Gendered Norms among College Students in Canada. SEX ROLES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-020-01176-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Johnson RM, Guttmannova K. Marijuana Use among Adolescents and Emerging Adults in the Midst of Policy Change: Introduction to the Special Issue. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2020; 20:179-184. [PMID: 30701394 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-019-0989-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renee M Johnson
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Mental Health, 624 North Broadway, 8th Floor, Room 898, Baltimore, MD, 21205-1999, USA.
| | - Katarina Guttmannova
- Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, Departmen. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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9
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Tinajero C, Cadaveira F, Rodríguez MS, Páramo MF. Perceived Social Support from Significant Others among Binge Drinking and Polyconsuming Spanish University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E4506. [PMID: 31731610 PMCID: PMC6888129 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sense of acceptance is conceived as a central component of perceived social support and is thought to be a key resilience factor for adjustment during transition to university. The current study examines how a binge drinking pattern of alcohol consumption and the co-consumption of binge drinking and cannabis in first-year university students are related to perceived acceptance from family, mother, father, and friends. The study sample consisted of 268 women and 216 men, of average age 18.25 years (SE = 0.01), enrolled in the first year of different degree courses at the University of Santiago de Compostela. Participants were classified in three groups (control, binge drinking, polyconsuming) on the basis of the Timeline Followback for alcohol and cannabis. Perceived sense of acceptance was measured using the Perceived Acceptance Scale. Analysis of the data revealed that perceived acceptance was lower in polyconsuming students than in the binge drinking and control groups (p < 0.05; with η2 ranging between 0.009 and 0.020). A curvilinear relationship between binge drinking and perceived acceptance from friends was identified. Social support should be considered in future investigations and interventions as a vulnerability marker for detrimental consequences of substance use and risk of consumption disorders, as well as adolescent maladjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Tinajero
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, C/ Xosé María Suárez Núñez, s/n, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Fernando Cadaveira
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, C/ Xosé María Suárez Núñez, s/n, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - M. Soledad Rodríguez
- Department of Social, Basic Psychology and Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, C/ Xosé María Suárez Núñez, s/n, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - M. Fernanda Páramo
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, C/ Xosé María Suárez Núñez, s/n, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
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10
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Kelly BC, Vuolo M. Cognitive aptitude, peers, and trajectories of marijuana use from adolescence through young adulthood. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223152. [PMID: 31652265 PMCID: PMC6814275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using a nationally representative longitudinal cohort, we examine how cognitive aptitude in early adolescence is associated with heterogeneous pathways of marijuana use from age sixteen through young adulthood. We also examine whether this relationship can be explained by the role of cognitive aptitude in the social organization of peer group deviance. METHODS Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, we identified 5 latent trajectories of frequency of marijuana use between ages 16 and 26: abstainers, dabblers, early heavy quitters, consistent users, and persistent heavy users. Multinomial regression assessed the relationship of cognitive aptitude in early adolescence with these latent trajectories, including the role of peer group substance use in this relationship. RESULTS A one decile increase in cognitive aptitude in early adolescence is associated with greater relative risk of the dabbler trajectory (RR = 1.048; p < .001) and consistent user trajectory (RR = 1.126; p < .001), but lower relative risk of the early heavy quitter trajectory (RR = 0.917; p < .05) in comparison with the abstainer trajectory. There was no effect for the persistent heavy user trajectory. The inclusion of peer group substance use-either via illegal drugs or smoking-had no effect on these relationships. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents who rate higher in cognitive aptitude during early adolescence may be more likely to enter into consistent but not extreme trajectories of marijuana use as they age into young adulthood. Cognition may not influence patterns of marijuana use over time via the organization of peer groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C. Kelly
- Purdue University, Dept. of Sociology, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Mike Vuolo
- The Ohio State University, Dept. of Sociology, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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11
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Denice P. Trajectories through postsecondary education and students' life course transitions. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2019; 80:243-260. [PMID: 30955559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Today's college students travel increasingly heterogeneous pathways through their postsecondary education by delaying the transition from high school to college, attending part-time, and enrolling in multiple institutions. Variation in how students move through college is important to concerns about stratification since non-normative pathways are disproportionately distributed among student subgroups and can have negative consequences for degree attainment and other later-in-life outcomes. In this article, I capitalize on detailed postsecondary transcript data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 to infer group-based developmental trajectories of students' college credit completion over the first ten years since leaving high school. These trajectories offer a more comprehensive understanding of students' long-term pathways of college credit completion in life course perspective, the role played by students' socioeconomic and prior academic backgrounds in allocating them to those pathways, and how transitions to other adult social roles (spouse, parent, and worker) differentially shape those pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Denice
- Department of Sociology, Western University, Social Science Centre, Room 5306, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada.
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12
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Reboussin BA, Ialongo NS, Green KM, Furr-Holden DM, Johnson RM, Milam AJ. The Impact of the Urban Neighborhood Environment on Marijuana Trajectories During Emerging Adulthood. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2019; 20:270-279. [PMID: 29845401 PMCID: PMC6265122 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-018-0915-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although there is little difference in rates of marijuana use between White and Black youth, Blacks have significantly higher rates of marijuana use and disorder in young adulthood. Theory suggests that factors tied to social disadvantage may explain this disparity, and neighborhood setting may be a key exposure. This study sought to identify trajectories of marijuana use in an urban sample during emerging adulthood, neighborhood contexts that predict these trajectories and social role transitions or "turning points" that may redirect them. Data are from a longitudinal cohort study of 378 primarily Black emerging adults who were first sampled in childhood based on their residence in low-income neighborhoods in Baltimore City and followed up annually. Group-based trajectory modeling identified three groups: No Use (68.8%), Declining Use (19.6%), and Chronic Use (11.7%). Living in close proximity to an alcohol outlet, and living in a neighborhood with more female-headed households and higher rates of violent crime increased the odds of membership in the Chronic Use group relative to No Use. Living in a neighborhood with more positive social activity increased the odds of membership in the Declining Use group relative to No Use. Not receiving a high school diploma or GED, pregnancy, and parenting also increased the odds of membership in the Declining Use group relative to No Use. These findings provide support that minority youth living in socially toxic and disordered neighborhoods are at increased risk of continuing on a trajectory of marijuana use during emerging adulthood while positive social activity in neighborhoods has the potential to redirect these negative trajectories. Besides taking on the responsibilities of parenting, emerging adults in the marijuana user groups had similar educational and family outcomes, suggesting that early marijuana use may have long-term implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A Reboussin
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
| | - Nicholas S Ialongo
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kerry M Green
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Debra M Furr-Holden
- Public Health Division and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Flint, MI, 48502, USA
| | - Renee M Johnson
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Adam J Milam
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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13
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Antin TMJ, Hunt G, Sanders E. The "here and now" of youth: the meanings of smoking for sexual and gender minority youth. Harm Reduct J 2018; 15:30. [PMID: 29855377 PMCID: PMC5984472 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-018-0236-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mainstream tobacco field in the USA tends to situate youth as passive, particularly in terms of their susceptibility to industry manipulation and peer pressure. However, failing to acknowledge youths' agency overlooks important meanings youth ascribe to their tobacco use and how those meanings are shaped by the circumstances and structures of their everyday lives. METHODS This article is based on analysis of 58 in-depth qualitative interviews conducted with sexual and gender minority youth living in the San Francisco Bay area in California. Topics covered in interviews focused on meanings of tobacco in the lives of youth. Interviews lasted approximately 2.5 h and were transcribed verbatim and linked with ATLAS.ti, a qualitative data analysis software. Following qualitative coding, narrative segments were sorted into piles of similarity identified according to principles of pattern-level analysis to interpret to what extent meanings of smoking for young people may operate as forms of resistance, survival, and defense. RESULTS Analysis of our participants' narratives highlights how smoking is connected to what Bucholtz calls the "'here-and-now' of young people's experience, the social and cultural practices through which they shape their worlds" as active agents (Bucholtz, Annu Rev Anthropol31:525-52, 2003.). Specifically, narratives illustrate how smoking signifies "control" in a multitude of ways, including taking control over an oppressor, controlling the effects of exposure to traumatic or day-to-day stress, and exerting control over the physical body in terms of protecting oneself from violence or defending one's mental health. CONCLUSIONS These findings call into question the universal appropriateness of foundational elements that underlie tobacco control and prevention efforts directed at youth in the USA, specifically the focus on abstinence and future orientation. Implications of these findings for research, prevention, and policy are discussed, emphasizing the risk of furthering health inequities should we fail to acknowledge the "here and now" of youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar M. J. Antin
- Critical Public Health Research Group, Prevention Research Center, 180 Grand Ave, Suite 1200, Oakland, CA 94502 USA
- Center for Critical Public Health, Institute for Scientific Analysis, 1150 Ballena Blvd, Suite 211, Alameda, CA 94501 USA
| | - Geoffrey Hunt
- Critical Public Health Research Group, Prevention Research Center, 180 Grand Ave, Suite 1200, Oakland, CA 94502 USA
- Center for Critical Public Health, Institute for Scientific Analysis, 1150 Ballena Blvd, Suite 211, Alameda, CA 94501 USA
| | - Emile Sanders
- Critical Public Health Research Group, Prevention Research Center, 180 Grand Ave, Suite 1200, Oakland, CA 94502 USA
- Center for Critical Public Health, Institute for Scientific Analysis, 1150 Ballena Blvd, Suite 211, Alameda, CA 94501 USA
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