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Liang R, Wang Z, Kong X, Xiao X, Chen T, Yang H, Li Y, Zhao X. Differentiation of Human Parthenogenetic Embryonic Stem Cells into Functional Hepatocyte-like Cells. Organogenesis 2020; 16:137-148. [PMID: 33236954 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2020.1848237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell and tissue engineering-based therapies for acute liver failure (ALF) have been limited by the lack of an optimal cell source. We aimed to determine the suitability of human parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells (hPESCs) for the development of strategies to treat ALF. We studied the ability of human parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells (hPESCs) with high whole-genome SNP homozygosity, which were obtained by natural activation during in vitro fertilization (IVF), to differentiate into functional hepatocyte-like cells in vitro by monolayer plane orientation. hPESCs were induced on a single-layer flat plate for 21 d in complete medium with the inducers activin A, FGF-4, BMP-2, HGF, OSM, DEX, and B27. Polygonal cell morphology and binuclear cells were observed after 21 d of induction by using an inverted microscope. RT-qPCR results showed that the levels of hepatocyte-specific genes such as AFP, ALB, HNF4a, CYP3A4, SLCO1B3, and ABCC2 significantly increased after induction. Immunocytochemical assay showed CK18 and Hepa expression in the induced cells. Indocyanine green (ICG) staining showed that the cells had the ability to absorb and metabolize dyes. Detection of marker proteins and urea in cell culture supernatants showed that the cells obtained after 21 d of induction had synthetic and secretory functions. The typical ultrastructure of liver cells was observed using TEM after 21 d of induction. The results indicate that naturally activated hPESCs can be induced to differentiate into hepatocellular cells by monolayer planar induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangyang Kong
- School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xiao
- Faculty of Chinese medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology , Macao, China
| | - Tianxing Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province , Kunming, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province , Kunming, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province , Kunming, China
| | - Xingqi Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing, China
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2
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Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells harbor the capacity to differentiate into cells from the three embryonic germ layers, and this ability grants them a central role in modeling human disorders and in the field of regenerative medicine. Here, we review pluripotency in human cells with respect to four different aspects: (1) embryonic development, (2) transcriptomes of pluripotent cell stages, (3) genes and pathways that reprogram somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells, and finally (4) the recent identification of the human pluripotent stem cell essentialome. These four aspects of pluripotency collectively culminate in a broader understanding of what makes a cell pluripotent.
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3
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Choi NY, Bang JS, Park YS, Lee M, Hwang HS, Ko K, Myung SC, Tapia N, Schöler HR, Kim GJ, Ko K. Generation of human androgenetic induced pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3614. [PMID: 32109236 PMCID: PMC7046633 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60363-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, parthenogenesis and androgenesis occur naturally in mature cystic ovarian teratomas and androgenetic complete hydatidiform moles (CHM), respectively. Our previous study has reported human parthenogenetic induced pluripotent stem cells from ovarian teratoma-derived fibroblasts and screening of imprinted genes using genome-wide DNA methylation analysis. However, due to the lack of the counterparts of uniparental cells, identification of new imprinted differentially methylated regions has been limited. CHM are inherited from only the paternal genome. In this study, we generated human androgenetic induced pluripotent stem cells (AgHiPSCs) from primary androgenetic fibroblasts derived from CHM. To investigate the pluripotency state of AgHiPSCs, we analyzed their cellular and molecular characteristics. We tested the DNA methylation status of imprinted genes using bisulfite sequencing and demonstrated the androgenetic identity of AgHiPSCs. AgHiPSCs might be an attractive alternative source of human androgenetic embryonic stem cells. Furthermore, AgHiPSCs can be used in regenerative medicine, for analysis of genomic imprinting, to study imprinting-related development, and for disease modeling in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Young Choi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Bang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo Seph Park
- Department of Stem Cell Research, TJC Life Research and Development Center, TJC Life, Seoul, 06698, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseong Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sung Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, 05030, Republic of Korea
| | - Kisung Ko
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Chul Myung
- Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Natalia Tapia
- Institute of Biomedicine of Valencia, Spanish National Research Council, Jaime Roig 11, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Hans R Schöler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Medical Faculty, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Gwang Jun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Kinarm Ko
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Cui T, Li Z, Zhou Q, Li W. Current advances in haploid stem cells. Protein Cell 2019; 11:23-33. [PMID: 31004328 PMCID: PMC6949308 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-019-0625-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diploidy is the typical genomic mode in all mammals. Haploid stem cells are artificial cell lines experimentally derived in vitro in the form of different types of stem cells, which combine the characteristics of haploidy with a broad developmental potential and open the possibility to uncover biological mysteries at a genomic scale. To date, a multitude of haploid stem cell types from mouse, rat, monkey and humans have been derived, as more are in development. They have been applied in high-throughput genetic screens and mammalian assisted reproduction. Here, we review the generation, unique properties and broad applications of these remarkable cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhikun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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5
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Dirks RAM, van Mierlo G, Kerstens HHD, Bernardo AS, Kobolák J, Bock I, Maruotti J, Pedersen RA, Dinnyés A, Huynen MA, Jouneau A, Marks H. Allele-specific RNA-seq expression profiling of imprinted genes in mouse isogenic pluripotent states. Epigenetics Chromatin 2019; 12:14. [PMID: 30767785 PMCID: PMC6376749 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-019-0259-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic imprinting, resulting in parent-of-origin specific gene expression, plays a critical role in mammalian development. Here, we apply allele-specific RNA-seq on isogenic B6D2F1 mice to assay imprinted genes in tissues from early embryonic tissues between E3.5 and E7.25 and in pluripotent cell lines to evaluate maintenance of imprinted gene expression. For the cell lines, we include embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) derived from fertilized embryos and from embryos obtained after nuclear transfer (NT) or parthenogenetic activation (PGA). RESULTS As homozygous genomic regions of PGA-derived cells are not compatible with allele-specific RNA-seq, we developed an RNA-seq-based genotyping strategy allowing identification of informative heterozygous regions. Global analysis shows that proper imprinted gene expression as observed in embryonic tissues is largely lost in the ESC lines included in this study, which mainly consisted of female ESCs. Differentiation of ESC lines to embryoid bodies or NPCs does not restore monoallelic expression of imprinted genes, neither did reprogramming of the serum-cultured ESCs to the pluripotent ground state by the use of 2 kinase inhibitors. Fertilized EpiSC and EpiSC-NT lines largely maintain imprinted gene expression, as did EpiSC-PGA lines that show known paternally expressed genes being silent and known maternally expressed genes consistently showing doubled expression. Notably, two EpiSC-NT lines show aberrant silencing of Rian and Meg3, two critically imprinted genes in mouse iPSCs. With respect to female EpiSC, most of the lines displayed completely skewed X inactivation suggesting a (near) clonal origin. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our analysis provides a comprehensive overview of imprinted gene expression in pluripotency and provides a benchmark to allow identification of cell lines that faithfully maintain imprinted gene expression and therefore retain full developmental potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- René A M Dirks
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Guido van Mierlo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hindrik H D Kerstens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreia S Bernardo
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Wellcome Trust- Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK.,Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW7 1AA, UK
| | | | | | - Julien Maruotti
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, 78350, Jouy en Josas, France.,Phenocell SAS, Evry, France
| | - Roger A Pedersen
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Wellcome Trust- Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - András Dinnyés
- BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, Hungary.,Molecular Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Martijn A Huynen
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (CMBI), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alice Jouneau
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, 78350, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Hendrik Marks
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Li Y, Wang L, Zhang L, He Z, Feng G, Sun H, Wang J, Li Z, Liu C, Han J, Mao J, Li P, Yuan X, Jiang L, Zhang Y, Zhou Q, Li W. Cyclin B3 is required for metaphase to anaphase transition in oocyte meiosis I. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:1553-1563. [PMID: 30770433 PMCID: PMC6504906 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201808088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiosis with a single round of DNA replication and two successive rounds of chromosome segregation requires specific cyclins associated with cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) to ensure its fidelity. But how cyclins control the distinctive meiosis is still largely unknown. In this study, we explored the role of cyclin B3 in female meiosis by generating Ccnb3 mutant mice via CRISPR/Cas9. Ccnb3 mutant oocytes characteristically arrested at metaphase I (MetI) with normal spindle assembly and lacked enough anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) activity, which is spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) independent, to initiate anaphase I (AnaI). Securin siRNA or CDK1 inhibitor supplements rescued the MetI arrest. Furthermore, CCNB3 directly interacts with CDK1 to exert kinase function. Besides, the MetI arrest oocytes had normal development after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) or parthenogenetic activation (PA), along with releasing the sister chromatids, which implies that Ccnb3 exclusively functioned in meiosis I, rather than meiosis II. Our study sheds light on the specific cell cycle control of cyclins in meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Leyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengquan He
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guihai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhikun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiabao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University of China, Harbin, China
| | - Xuewei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University of China, Harbin, China
| | - Liyuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University of China, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Xie PY, Tang Y, Hu L, Ouyang Q, Gu YF, Gong F, Leng LZ, Zhang SP, Xiong B, Lu GX, Lin G. Identification of biparental and diploid blastocysts from monopronuclear zygotes with the use of a single-nucleotide polymorphism array. Fertil Steril 2018; 110:545-554.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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8
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Choi NY, Bang JS, Lee HJ, Park YS, Lee M, Jeong D, Ko K, Han DW, Chung HM, Kim GJ, Shim SH, Hwang HS, Ko K. Novel imprinted single CpG sites found by global DNA methylation analysis in human parthenogenetic induced pluripotent stem cells. Epigenetics 2018; 13:343-351. [PMID: 29613829 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2018.1460033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic imprinting is the process of epigenetic modification whereby genes are expressed in a parent-of-origin dependent manner; it plays an important role in normal growth and development. Parthenogenetic embryos contain only the maternal genome. Parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells could be useful for studying imprinted genes. In humans, mature cystic ovarian teratomas originate from parthenogenetic activation of oocytes; they are composed of highly differentiated mature tissues containing all three germ layers. To establish human parthenogenetic induced pluripotent stem cell lines (PgHiPSCs), we generated parthenogenetic fibroblasts from ovarian teratoma tissues. We compared global DNA methylation status of PgHiPSCs with that of biparental human induced pluripotent stem cells by using Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array. This analysis identified novel single imprinted CpG sites. We further tested DNA methylation patterns of two of these sites using bisulfite sequencing and described novel candidate imprinted CpG sites. These results confirm that PgHiPSCs are a powerful tool for identifying imprinted genes and investigating their roles in human development and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Young Choi
- a Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Korea.,b Center for Stem Cell Research , Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Korea
| | - Jin Seok Bang
- a Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Korea.,b Center for Stem Cell Research , Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Lee
- a Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Korea.,b Center for Stem Cell Research , Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Korea
| | - Yo Seph Park
- a Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Korea.,b Center for Stem Cell Research , Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Korea
| | - Minseong Lee
- a Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Korea.,b Center for Stem Cell Research , Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Korea
| | - Dahee Jeong
- a Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Korea.,b Center for Stem Cell Research , Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Korea
| | - Kisung Ko
- c Department of Medicine, College of Medicine , Chung-Ang University , Seoul 06974 , Korea
| | - Dong Wook Han
- a Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Korea.,d KU Open-Innovation Center , Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Chung
- a Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Korea
| | - Gwang Jun Kim
- e Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine , Chung-Ang University , Seoul 06973 , Korea
| | - Seung-Hyuk Shim
- f Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , School of Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul 05030 , Korea
| | - Han Sung Hwang
- f Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , School of Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul 05030 , Korea
| | - Kinarm Ko
- a Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Korea.,b Center for Stem Cell Research , Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Korea.,d KU Open-Innovation Center , Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Korea.,g Research Institute of Medical Science , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Korea
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9
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Comparison of Teratoma Formation between Embryonic Stem Cells and Parthenogenetic Embryonic Stem Cells by Molecular Imaging. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:7906531. [PMID: 29765423 PMCID: PMC5889892 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7906531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With their properties of self-renewal and differentiation, embryonic stem (ES) cells hold great promises for regenerative therapy. However, teratoma formation and ethical concerns of ES cells may restrict their potential clinical applications. Currently, parthenogenetic embryonic stem (pES) cells have attracted the interest of researchers for its self-renewing and pluripotent differentiation while eliciting less ethic concerns. In this study, we established a model with ES and pES cells both stably transfected with a double-fusion reporter gene containing renilla luciferase (Rluc) and red fluorescent protein (RFP) to analyze the mechanisms of teratoma formation. Transgenic Vegfr2-luc mouse, which expresses firefly luciferase (Fluc) under the promoter of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (Vegfr2-luc), was used to trace the growth of new blood vessel recruited by transplanted cells. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) of Rluc/Fluc provides an effective tool in estimating the growth and angiogenesis of teratoma in vivo. We found that the tumorigenesis and angiogenesis capacity of ES cells were higher than those of pES cells, in which VEGF/VEGFR2 signal pathway plays an important role. In conclusion, pES cells have the decreased potential of teratoma formation but meanwhile have similar differentiating capacity compared with ES cells. These data demonstrate that pES cells provide an alternative source for ES cells with the risk reduction of teratoma formation and without ethical controversy.
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10
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Abstract
Although haploidy has not been observed in vertebrates, its natural occurrence in various eukaryotic species that had diverged from diploid ancestors suggests that there is an innate capacity for an organism to regain haploidy and that haploidy may confer evolutionary benefits. Haploid embryonic stem cells have been experimentally generated from mouse, rat, monkey, and humans. Haploidy results in major differences in cell size and gene expression levels while also affecting parental imprinting, X chromosome inactivation, and mitochondrial metabolism genes. We discuss here haploidy in evolution and the barriers to haploidy, in particular in the human context.
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11
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Didié M, Galla S, Muppala V, Dressel R, Zimmermann WH. Immunological Properties of Murine Parthenogenetic Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes and Engineered Heart Muscle. Front Immunol 2017; 8:955. [PMID: 28855904 PMCID: PMC5557729 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent parthenogenetic stem cells (pSCs) can be derived by pharmacological activation of unfertilized oocytes. Homozygosity of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in pSCs makes them an attractive cell source for applications in allogeneic tissue repair. This was recently demonstrated for pSC-based tissue-engineered heart repair. A detailed analysis of immunological properties of pSC-derived cardiomyocytes and engineered heart muscle (EHM) thereof is, however, lacking. The aim of this study was to determine baseline and cytokine-inducible MHC class I and MHC class II as well as programmed death ligand-1 (PDL-1) and co-stimulatory protein (CD40, CD80, CD86) expression in pSC-derived cardiomyocytes and pSC-EHM in vitro and in vivo. Cardiomyocytes from an MHC-homologous (H2d/d) pSC-line were enriched to ~90% by making use of a recently developed cardiomyocyte-specific genetic selection protocol. MHC class I and MHC class II expression in cardiomyocytes could only be observed after stimulation with interferon gamma (IFN-γ). PDL-1 was markedly upregulated under IFN-γ. CD40, CD80, and CD86 were expressed at low levels and not upregulated by IFN-γ. EHM constructed from H2d/d cardiomyocytes expressed similarly low levels of MHC class I, MHC class II, and costimulatory molecules under basal conditions. However, in EHM only MHC class I, but not MHC class II, molecules were upregulated after IFN-γ-stimulation. We next employed a cocultivation system with MHC-matched and MHC-mismatched splenocytes and T-cells to analyze the immune stimulatory properties of EHMs. Despite MHC-mismatched conditions, EHM did not induce splenocyte or T-cell proliferation in vitro. To evaluate the immunogenicity of pSC-derived cardiomyocytes in vivo, we implanted pSC-derived embryoid bodies after elimination of non-cardiomyocytes (cardiac bodies) under the kidney capsules of MHC-matched and -mismatched mice. Spontaneous beating of cardiac bodies could be observed for 28 days in the matched and for 7 days in the mismatched conditions. Teratomas formed after 28 days only in the MHC-matched conditions. Immunohistochemistry revealed single clusters of CD3-positive cells in the border zone of the implant in the mismatched conditions with few CD3-positive cells infiltrating the implant. Taken together, MHC-matched pSC-cardiomyocyte allografts show little immune cell activation, offering an explanation for the observed long-term retention of pSC-EHM allografts in the absence of immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Didié
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Satish Galla
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vijayakumar Muppala
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Dressel
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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12
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Johannsen H, Muppala V, Gröschel C, Monecke S, Elsner L, Didié M, Zimmermann WH, Dressel R. Immunological Properties of Murine Parthenogenetic Stem Cells and Their Differentiation Products. Front Immunol 2017; 8:924. [PMID: 28824647 PMCID: PMC5543037 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The perspective to transplant grafts derived from pluripotent stem cells has gained much attention in recent years. Parthenogenetic stem cells (PSCs) are an alternative pluripotent stem cell type that is attractive as source of grafts for allogeneic transplantations because most PSCs are haploidentical for the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). This reduced immunogenetic complexity of PSCs could tremendously simplify the search for MHC-matched allogeneic stem cells. In this study, we have characterized immunological properties of the MHC haploidentical PSC line A3 (H2d/d) and the heterologous PSC line A6 (H2b/d). Both PSC lines largely lack MHC class I molecules, which present peptides to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and serve as ligands for inhibitory natural killer (NK) receptors. They express ligands for activating NK receptors, including the NKG2D ligand RAE-1, and the DNAM-1 ligands CD112 and CD155. Consequently, both PSC lines are highly susceptible to killing by IL-2-activated NK cells. In vitro-differentiated cells acquire resistance and downregulate ligands for activating NK receptors but fail to upregulate MHC class I molecules. The PSC line A6 and differentiated A6 cells are largely resistant to CTLs derived from T cell receptor transgenic OT-I mice after pulsing of the targets with the appropriate peptide. The high susceptibility to killing by activated NK cells may constitute a general feature of pluripotent stem cells as it has been also found with other pluripotent stem cell types. This activity potentially increases the safety of transplantations, if grafts contain traces of undifferentiated cells that could be tumorigenic in the recipient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Johannsen
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vijayakumar Muppala
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carina Gröschel
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Monecke
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Leslie Elsner
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Didié
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Dressel
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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13
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Arend P. Early ovariectomy reveals the germline encoding of natural anti-A- and Tn-cross-reactive immunoglobulin M (IgM) arising from developmental O-GalNAc glycosylations. (Germline-encoded natural anti-A/Tn cross-reactive IgM). Cancer Med 2017; 6:1601-1613. [PMID: 28580709 PMCID: PMC5504323 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
While native blood group A-like glycans have not been demonstrated in prokaryotic microorganisms as a source of human "natural" anti-A isoagglutinin production, and metazoan eukaryotic N-acetylgalactosamine O-glycosylation of serine or threonine residues (O-GalNAc-Ser/Thr-R) does not occur in bacteria, the O-GalNAc glycan-bearing ovarian glycolipids, discovered in C57BL/10 mice, are complementary to the syngeneic anti-A-reactive immunoglobulin M (IgM), which is not present in animals that have undergone ovariectomy prior to the onset of puberty. These mammalian ovarian glycolipids are complementary also to the anti-A/Tn cross-reactive Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA), a molluscan defense protein, emerging from the coat proteins of fertilized eggs and reflecting the snail-intrinsic, reversible O-GalNAc glycosylations. The hexameric structure of this primitive invertebrate defense protein gives rise to speculation regarding an evolutionary relationship to the mammalian nonimmune, anti-A-reactive immunoglobulin M (IgM) molecule. Hypothetically, this molecule obtains its complementarity from the first step of protein glycosylations, initiated by GalNAc via reversible O-linkages to peptides displaying Ser/Thr motifs, whereas the subsequent transferase depletion completes germ cell maturation and cell renewal, associated with loss of glycosidic bonds and release of O-glycan-depleted proteins, such as complementary IgM revealing the structure of the volatilely expressed "lost" glycan carrier through germline Ser residues. Consequently, the evolutionary/developmental first glycosylations of proteins appear metabolically related or identical to that of the mucin-type, potentially "aberrant" monosaccharide GalNAcα1-O-Ser/Thr-R, also referred to as the Tn (T "nouvelle") antigen, and explain the anti-Tn cross-reactivity of human innate or "natural" anti-A-specific isoagglutinin and the pronounced occurrence of cross-reactive anti-Tn antibody in plasma from humans with histo-blood group O. In fact, A-allelic, phenotype-specific GalNAc glycosylation of plasma proteins does not occur in human blood group O, affecting anti-Tn antibody levels, which may function as a growth regulator that contributes to a potential survival advantage of this group in the overall risk of developing cancer when compared with non-O blood groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Arend
- Philipps University MarburgDepartment of MedicineD‐355 Marburg/Lahn, Germany
- Gastroenterology Research LaboratoryUniversity of Iowa, College of MedicineIowa CityIowa
- Research LaboratoriesChemie Grünenthal GmbHD‐52062AachenGermany
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Heitman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Sheng Sun
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Timothy Y. James
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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15
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16
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Liu W, Yin L, Yan X, Cui J, Liu W, Rao Y, Sun M, Wei Q, Chen F. Directing the Differentiation of Parthenogenetic Stem Cells into Tenocytes for Tissue-Engineered Tendon Regeneration. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:196-208. [PMID: 28170171 PMCID: PMC5442735 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Uniparental parthenogenesis yields pluripotent stem cells without the political and ethical concerns surrounding the use of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) for biomedical applications. In the current study, we hypothesized that parthenogenetic stem cells (pSCs) could be directed to differentiate into tenocytes and applied for tissue‐engineered tendon. We showed that pSCs displayed fundamental properties similar to those of ESCs, including pluripotency, clonogenicity, and self‐renewal capacity. pSCs spontaneously differentiated into parthenogenetic mesenchymal stem cells (pMSCs), which were positive for mesenchymal stem cell surface markers and possessed osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic potential. Then, mechanical stretch was applied to improve the tenogenic differentiation of pMSCs, as indicated by the expression of tenogenic‐specific markers and an increasing COL1A1:3A1 ratio. The pSC‐derived tenocytes could proliferate and secrete extracellular matrix on the surface of poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid scaffolds. Finally, engineered tendon‐like tissue was successfully generated after in vivo heterotopic implantation of a tenocyte‐scaffold composite. In conclusion, our experiment introduced an effective and practical strategy for applying pSCs for tendon regeneration. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:196–208
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Rege Lab of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- Medical Experiment Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an‐Xianyang New Economic Zone, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Yin
- Rege Lab of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingrong Yan
- Rege Lab of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihong Cui
- Rege Lab of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenguang Liu
- Rege Lab of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Rao
- Rege Lab of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Sun
- Rege Lab of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wei
- Rege Lab of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Fulin Chen
- Rege Lab of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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17
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Wang B, Pfeiffer MJ, Drexler HCA, Fuellen G, Boiani M. Proteomic Analysis of Mouse Oocytes Identifies PRMT7 as a Reprogramming Factor that Replaces SOX2 in the Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:2407-21. [PMID: 27225728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The reprogramming process that leads to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) may benefit from adding oocyte factors to Yamanaka's reprogramming cocktail (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, with or without MYC; OSK(M)). We previously searched for such facilitators of reprogramming (the reprogrammome) by applying label-free LC-MS/MS analysis to mouse oocytes, producing a catalog of 28 candidates that are (i) able to robustly access the cell nucleus and (ii) shared between mature mouse oocytes and pluripotent embryonic stem cells. In the present study, we hypothesized that our 28 reprogrammome candidates would also be (iii) abundant in mature oocytes, (iv) depleted after the oocyte-to-embryo transition, and (v) able to potentiate or replace the OSKM factors. Using LC-MS/MS and isotopic labeling methods, we found that the abundance profiles of the 28 proteins were below those of known oocyte-specific and housekeeping proteins. Of the 28 proteins, only arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7) changed substantially during mouse embryogenesis and promoted the conversion of mouse fibroblasts into iPSCs. Specifically, PRMT7 replaced SOX2 in a factor-substitution assay, yielding iPSCs. These findings exemplify how proteomics can be used to prioritize the functional analysis of reprogrammome candidates. The LC-MS/MS data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD003093.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193, China
| | - Martin J Pfeiffer
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine , Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hannes C A Drexler
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine , Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Georg Fuellen
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Michele Boiani
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine , Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
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18
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Analysis of chromosomal aberrations and recombination by allelic bias in RNA-Seq. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12144. [PMID: 27385103 PMCID: PMC4941052 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability has profound effects on cellular phenotypes. Studies have shown that pluripotent cells with abnormal karyotypes may grow faster, differentiate less and become more resistance to apoptosis. Previously, we showed that microarray gene expression profiles can be utilized for the analysis of chromosomal aberrations by comparing gene expression levels between normal and aneuploid samples. Here we adopted this method for RNA-Seq data and present eSNP-Karyotyping for the detection of chromosomal aberrations, based on measuring the ratio of expression between the two alleles. We demonstrate its ability to detect chromosomal gains and losses in pluripotent cells and their derivatives, as well as meiotic recombination patterns. This method is advantageous since it does not require matched diploid samples for comparison, is less sensitive to global expression changes caused by the aberration and utilizes already available gene expression profiles to determine chromosomal aberrations. Chromosomal aberrations can be detected by global gene expression analysis. Here, the authors report eSNP-Karyotyping, a new method that can detect chromosomal aberrations by measuring the ratio of expression between the two alleles without comparison to a matched diploid sample.
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19
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Derivation and differentiation of haploid human embryonic stem cells. Nature 2016; 532:107-11. [PMID: 26982723 DOI: 10.1038/nature17408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diploidy is a fundamental genetic feature in mammals, in which haploid cells normally arise only as post-meiotic germ cells that serve to ensure a diploid genome upon fertilization. Gamete manipulation has yielded haploid embryonic stem (ES) cells from several mammalian species, but haploid human ES cells have yet to be reported. Here we generated and analysed a collection of human parthenogenetic ES cell lines originating from haploid oocytes, leading to the successful isolation and maintenance of human ES cell lines with a normal haploid karyotype. Haploid human ES cells exhibited typical pluripotent stem cell characteristics, such as self-renewal capacity and a pluripotency-specific molecular signature. Moreover, we demonstrated the utility of these cells as a platform for loss-of-function genetic screening. Although haploid human ES cells resembled their diploid counterparts, they also displayed distinct properties including differential regulation of X chromosome inactivation and of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, alongside reduction in absolute gene expression levels and cell size. Surprisingly, we found that a haploid human genome is compatible not only with the undifferentiated pluripotent state, but also with differentiated somatic fates representing all three embryonic germ layers both in vitro and in vivo, despite a persistent dosage imbalance between the autosomes and X chromosome. We expect that haploid human ES cells will provide novel means for studying human functional genomics and development.
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20
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Rebuzzini P, Zuccotti M, Redi CA, Garagna S. Chromosomal Abnormalities in Embryonic and Somatic Stem Cells. Cytogenet Genome Res 2015; 147:1-9. [PMID: 26583376 DOI: 10.1159/000441645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential use of stem cells (SCs) for tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, disease modeling, toxicological studies, drug delivery, and as in vitro model for the study of basic developmental processes implies large-scale in vitro culture. Here, after a brief description of the main techniques used for karyotype analysis, we will give a detailed overview of the chromosome abnormalities described in pluripotent (embryonic and induced pluripotent SCs) and somatic SCs, and the possible causes of their origin during culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rebuzzini
- Laboratorio di Biologia dello Sviluppo, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Universitx00E0; degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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21
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De Los Angeles A, Ferrari F, Xi R, Fujiwara Y, Benvenisty N, Deng H, Hochedlinger K, Jaenisch R, Lee S, Leitch HG, Lensch MW, Lujan E, Pei D, Rossant J, Wernig M, Park PJ, Daley GQ. Hallmarks of pluripotency. Nature 2015; 525:469-78. [PMID: 26399828 DOI: 10.1038/nature15515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells self-renew and generate specialized progeny through differentiation, but vary in the range of cells and tissues they generate, a property called developmental potency. Pluripotent stem cells produce all cells of an organism, while multipotent or unipotent stem cells regenerate only specific lineages or tissues. Defining stem-cell potency relies upon functional assays and diagnostic transcriptional, epigenetic and metabolic states. Here we describe functional and molecular hallmarks of pluripotent stem cells, propose a checklist for their evaluation, and illustrate how forensic genomics can validate their provenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro De Los Angeles
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Francesco Ferrari
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ruibin Xi
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,School of Mathematical Sciences and Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuko Fujiwara
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Nissim Benvenisty
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Hongkui Deng
- College of Life Sciences and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Konrad Hochedlinger
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Rudolf Jaenisch
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Soohyun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Harry G Leitch
- Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - M William Lensch
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ernesto Lujan
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Duanqing Pei
- South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Janet Rossant
- The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Marius Wernig
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Peter J Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - George Q Daley
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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22
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Epsztejn-Litman S, Cohen-Hadad Y, Aharoni S, Altarescu G, Renbaum P, Levy-Lahad E, Schonberger O, Eldar-Geva T, Zeligson S, Eiges R. Establishment of Homozygote Mutant Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Parthenogenesis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138893. [PMID: 26473610 PMCID: PMC4608834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We report on the derivation of a diploid 46(XX) human embryonic stem cell (HESC) line that is homozygous for the common deletion associated with Spinal muscular atrophy type 1 (SMA) from a pathenogenetic embryo. By characterizing the methylation status of three different imprinted loci (MEST, SNRPN and H19), monitoring the expression of two parentally imprinted genes (SNRPN and H19) and carrying out genome-wide SNP analysis, we provide evidence that this cell line was established from the activation of a mutant oocyte by diploidization of the entire genome. Therefore, our SMA parthenogenetic HESC (pHESC) line provides a proof-of-principle for the establishment of diseased HESC lines without the need for gene manipulation. As mutant oocytes are easily obtained and readily available during preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) cycles, this approach should provide a powerful tool for disease modelling and is especially advantageous since it can be used to induce large or complex mutations in HESCs, including gross DNA alterations and chromosomal rearrangements, which are otherwise hard to achieve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina Epsztejn-Litman
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Shaare Zedek Medical Center affiliated with the Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaara Cohen-Hadad
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Shaare Zedek Medical Center affiliated with the Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shira Aharoni
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Shaare Zedek Medical Center affiliated with the Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gheona Altarescu
- Zohar PGD Lab, Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center affiliated with the Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Paul Renbaum
- Zohar PGD Lab, Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center affiliated with the Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ephrat Levy-Lahad
- Zohar PGD Lab, Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center affiliated with the Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Oshrat Schonberger
- IVF Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center affiliated with the Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Talia Eldar-Geva
- IVF Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center affiliated with the Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sharon Zeligson
- Zohar PGD Lab, Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center affiliated with the Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rachel Eiges
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Shaare Zedek Medical Center affiliated with the Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Ongoing research is constantly looking for means to modulate the immune system for long-lasting engraftment of pluripotent stem cells (PSC) during stem cell-based therapies. This study reviews data on in-vitro and in-vivo immunogenicity of embryonic and induced-PSC and describes how their immunological properties can be harnessed for tolerance induction in organ transplantation. RECENT FINDINGS Although PSC display immunomodulatory properties in vitro, they are capable of eliciting an immune response that leads to cell rejection when transplanted into immune-competent recipients. Nevertheless, long-term acceptance of PSC-derived cells/tissues in an allogeneic environment can be achieved using minimal host conditioning. Protocols for differentiating PSC towards haematopoietic stem cells, thymic epithelial precursors, dendritic cells, regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells are being developed, suggesting the possibility to use PSC-derived immunomodulatory cells to induce tolerance to a solid organ transplant. SUMMARY PSC and/or their derivatives possess unique immunological properties that allow for acceptance of PSC-derived tissue with minimal host conditioning. Investigators involved either in regenerative or in transplant medicine must join their efforts with the ultimate aim of using PSC as a source of donor-specific cells that would create a protolerogenic environment to achieve tolerance in solid organ transplantation.
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24
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Yu Y, Gao Q, Zhao HC, Li R, Gao JM, Ding T, Bao SY, Zhao Y, Sun XF, Fan Y, Qiao J. Ascorbic acid improves pluripotency of human parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells through modifying imprinted gene expression in the Dlk1-Dio3 region. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:69. [PMID: 25879223 PMCID: PMC4425892 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells (hpESCs) are generated from artificially activated oocytes, however, the issue of whether hpESCs have equivalent differentiation ability to human fertilized embryonic stem cells remains controversial. Methods hpESCs were injected into male severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice and the efficiency of teratoma formation was calculated. Then the gene expression and methylation modification were detected by real time-PCR and bisulfate methods. Results Comparison of five hpESCs with different differentiation abilities revealed that levels of paternal genes in the Dlk1-Dio3 region on chromosome 14 in the hpESCs with high differentiation potential are enhanced, but strictly methylated and silenced in the hpESCs with lower differentiation potential. Treatment with ascorbic acid, rescued their ability to support teratoma formation and altered the expression profiles of paternally expressed genes in hpESCs that could not form teratoma easily. No differences in the expression of other imprinting genes were evident between hpESCs with higher and lower differentiation potential, except for those in the Dlk1-Dio3 region. Conclusions The Dlk1-Dio3 imprinting gene cluster distinguishes the differentiation ability of hpESCs. Moreover, modification by ascorbic acid may facilitate application of hpESCs to clinical settings in the future by enhancing their pluripotency. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0054-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 HuaYuan North Road, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Qian Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 HuaYuan North Road, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-cui Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 HuaYuan North Road, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 HuaYuan North Road, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Jiang-man Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 HuaYuan North Road, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ting Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 HuaYuan North Road, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Si-yu Bao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 HuaYuan North Road, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 HuaYuan North Road, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Xiao-fang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63, Liwan District, Guangzhou City, 510150, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 HuaYuan North Road, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63, Liwan District, Guangzhou City, 510150, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 HuaYuan North Road, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Schmitt J, Eckardt S, Schlegel PG, Sirén AL, Bruttel VS, McLaughlin KJ, Wischhusen J, Müller AM. Human Parthenogenetic Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Neural Stem Cells Express HLA-G and Show Unique Resistance to NK Cell-Mediated Killing. Mol Med 2015; 21:185-96. [PMID: 25811991 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Parent-of-origin imprints have been implicated in the regulation of neural differentiation and brain development. Previously we have shown that, despite the lack of a paternal genome, human parthenogenetic (PG) embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can form proliferating neural stem cells (NSCs) that are capable of differentiation into physiologically functional neurons while maintaining allele-specific expression of imprinted genes. Since biparental ("normal") hESC-derived NSCs (N NSCs) are targeted by immune cells, we characterized the immunogenicity of PG NSCs. Flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry revealed that both N NSCs and PG NSCs exhibited surface expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I but not HLA-DR molecules. Functional analyses using an in vitro mixed lymphocyte reaction assay resulted in less proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with PG compared with N NSCs. In addition, natural killer (NK) cells cytolyzed PG less than N NSCs. At a molecular level, expression analyses of immune regulatory factors revealed higher HLA-G levels in PG compared with N NSCs. In line with this finding, MIR152, which represses HLA-G expression, is less transcribed in PG compared with N cells. Blockage of HLA-G receptors ILT2 and KIR2DL4 on natural killer cell leukemia (NKL) cells increased cytolysis of PG NSCs. Together this indicates that PG NSCs have unique immunological properties due to elevated HLA-G expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Schmitt
- Institute for Medical Radiology and Cell Research (MSZ) in the Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (ZEMM), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sigrid Eckardt
- Center for Molecular and Human Genetics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Paul G Schlegel
- University Children's Hospital Würzburg, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Leena Sirén
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section for Experimental Tumor Immunology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Valentin S Bruttel
- University of Würzburg Medical School, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section for Experimental Tumor Immunology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - K John McLaughlin
- Center for Molecular and Human Genetics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jörg Wischhusen
- University of Würzburg Medical School, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section for Experimental Tumor Immunology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Albrecht M Müller
- Institute for Medical Radiology and Cell Research (MSZ) in the Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (ZEMM), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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26
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Cyranoski D, Deng B. Stem-cell star lands in same venture as disgraced cloner. Nature 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/nature.2015.16907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Arend P. Complementary innate (anti-A-specific) IgM emerging from ontogenic O-GalNAc-transferase depletion: (Innate IgM complementarity residing in ancestral antigen completeness). Immunobiology 2014; 219:285-91. [PMID: 24290972 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The murine and the human genome have global properties in common. So the murine anti-A-specific complementary IgM and related human innate isoagglutinin represent developmental, 2-mercaptoethanol-sensitive, complement-binding glycoproteins, which do not arise from any measurable environmentally-induced or auto- immune response. The murine anti-A certainly originates from a cell surface- or cell adhesion molecule, which in the course of germ cell development becomes devoid of O-GalNAc-transferase and is released into the circulation. In human sera the enzyme occurs exclusively in those of blood group A- and AB subjects, while in group O(H) an identically encoded protein lets expect an opposite function and appears in conjunction with a complementary anti-A reactive glycoprotein. Since O-glycosylations rule the carbohydrate metabolism in growth and reproduction processes, we propose that the ancestral histo-(blood)-group A molecule arises in the course of O-GalNAc-glycosylations of glycolipids and protein envelops at progenitor cell surfaces. Germ cell development postulates embryonic stem cell fidelity, which is characterised by persistent production of α-linked O-GalNAc-glycans. They are determined by the A-allele within the human, "complete" histo (blood) group AB(O) structure that in early ontogeny is hypothesised to be synthesised independently from the final phenotype. The structure either passes "completely" through the germline, in transferase-secreting mature tissues becoming the "complete" phenotype AB, or disappears in exhaustive glycotransferase depletion from the differentiating cell surfaces and leaves behind the "incomplete" blood group O-phenotype, which has released a transferase- and O-glycan-depleted, complementary glycoprotein (IgM) into the circulation. The process implies, that in humans the different blood phenotypes evolve from a "complete" AB(O) molecular complex in a distinct enzymatic and/or complement cascade suggesting O-glycanase involvements. While the murine and human oocyte zona pellucida express identical O-glycans, the human phenotype O might be explainable by the kinetics of the murine ovarian O-GalNAc glycan synthesis and the complementary anti-A released in parallel. The maturing murine ovary may provide insight into encoding of the physiologically superior α-linked GalNAc ancestral epitope that becomes essential in reproduction as well as in tissue renewal events. According to recent reports, O-GalNAc-transferase-determined blood group A suggests superiority in human female fertility and was called even "protective". So the minor fertility of blood-group-O females may reside in a critical timing in developmental shifting of enzyme functions affecting the formation of GalNAc-determined hormone receptors on the way to maturation. Experiments that had inserted an oocyte genome into a somatic one to generate pluripotent stem cells, might elucidate a developmental dilemma by testing oocytes from different blood group AB donors donors. Perhaps they will unmask the molecular basis of an evolutionary trend, while stem cell generation itself capitalises on the enzymatically-advantaged, lineage-maintaining (histo) blood group A-allele, which guaranties ancestral functional completeness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Arend
- Gastroenterology Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA(1); Research Laboratories, Chemie Grünenthal GmbH, 52062 Aachen, Germany.
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28
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Tahmasebi S, Alain T, Rajasekhar VK, Zhang JP, Prager-Khoutorsky M, Khoutorsky A, Dogan Y, Gkogkas CG, Petroulakis E, Sylvestre A, Ghorbani M, Assadian S, Yamanaka Y, Vinagolu-Baur JR, Teodoro JG, Kim K, Yang XJ, Sonenberg N. Multifaceted regulation of somatic cell reprogramming by mRNA translational control. Cell Stem Cell 2014; 14:606-16. [PMID: 24630793 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Translational control plays a pivotal role in the regulation of the pluripotency network in embryonic stem cells, but its effect on reprogramming somatic cells to pluripotency has not been explored. Here, we show that eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) binding proteins (4E-BPs), which are translational repressors, have a multifaceted effect on the reprogramming of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Loss of 4E-BP expression attenuates the induction of iPSCs at least in part through increased translation of p21, a known inhibitor of somatic cell reprogramming. However, MEFs lacking both p53 and 4E-BPs show greatly enhanced reprogramming resulting from a combination of reduced p21 transcription and enhanced translation of endogenous mRNAs such as Sox2 and Myc and can be reprogrammed through the expression of only exogenous Oct4. Thus, 4E-BPs exert both positive and negative effects on reprogramming, highlighting the key role that translational control plays in regulating this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroush Tahmasebi
- The Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Tommy Alain
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Vinagolu K Rajasekhar
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jiang-Ping Zhang
- The Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Masha Prager-Khoutorsky
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Arkady Khoutorsky
- The Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Yildirim Dogan
- Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Christos G Gkogkas
- Patrick Wild Centre, Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Emmanuel Petroulakis
- The Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Annie Sylvestre
- The Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Mohammad Ghorbani
- The Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Sarah Assadian
- The Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Yojiro Yamanaka
- The Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Julia R Vinagolu-Baur
- Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jose G Teodoro
- The Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Kitai Kim
- Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xiang-Jiao Yang
- The Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada.
| | - Nahum Sonenberg
- The Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada.
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Daughtry B, Mitalipov S. Concise review: parthenote stem cells for regenerative medicine: genetic, epigenetic, and developmental features. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:290-8. [PMID: 24443005 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the potential to provide unlimited cells and tissues for regenerative medicine. ESCs derived from fertilized embryos, however, will most likely be rejected by a patient's immune system unless appropriately immunomatched. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) genetically identical to a patient can now be established by reprogramming of somatic cells. However, practical applications of PSCs for personalized therapies are projected to be unfeasible because of the enormous cost and time required to produce clinical-grade cells for each patient. ESCs derived from parthenogenetic embryos (pESCs) that are homozygous for human leukocyte antigens may serve as an attractive alternative for immunomatched therapies for a large population of patients. In this study, we describe the biology and genetic nature of mammalian parthenogenesis and review potential advantages and limitations of pESCs for cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Daughtry
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology and Molecular and Medical Genetics, and Program in Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, School of Medicine, and Divisions of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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30
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31
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Position statement on the provision and procurement of human eggs for stem cell research. Cell Stem Cell 2013; 12:285-91. [PMID: 23472870 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The nature of compensation for women who donate eggs (oocytes) for research remains a contentious issue internationally. This position paper lays out the arguments for, and discusses the arrangements in which, a modest payment might be ethically justifiable.
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32
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Wolber W, Ahmad R, Choi SW, Eckardt S, McLaughlin KJ, Schmitt J, Geis C, Heckmann M, Sirén AL, Müller AM. Phenotype and Stability of Neural Differentiation of Androgenetic Murine ES Cell-Derived Neural Progenitor Cells. CELL MEDICINE 2013; 5:29-42. [PMID: 26858862 DOI: 10.3727/215517913x666468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Uniparental zygotes with two paternal (androgenetic, AG) or two maternal genomes (gynogenetic, GG) cannot develop into viable offsprings but form blastocysts from which pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells can be derived. For most organs, it is unclear whether uniparental ES cells can give rise to stably expandable somatic stem cells that can repair injured tissues. Even if previous reports indicated that the capacity of AG ES cells to differentiate in vitro into pan-neural progenitor cells (pNPCs) and into cells expressing neural markers is similar to biparental [normal fertilized (N)] ES cells, their potential for functional neurogenesis is not known. Here we show that murine AG pNPCs give rise to neuron-like cells, which then generate sodium-driven action potentials while maintaining fidelity of imprinted gene expression. Neural engraftment after intracerebral transplantation was achieved only by late (22 days) AG and N pNPCs with in vitro low colony-forming cell (CFC) capacity. However, persisting CFC formation seen, in particular, in early (13 or 16 days) differentiation cultures of N and AG pNPCs correlated with a high incidence of trigerm layer teratomas. As AG ES cells display functional neurogenesis and in vivo stability similar to N ES cells, they represent a unique model system to study the roles of paternal and maternal genomes on neural development and on the development of imprinting-associated brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanja Wolber
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
| | - Ruhel Ahmad
- † Institute for Medical Radiation and Cell Research (MSZ) in the Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine (ZEMM), University of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
| | - Soon Won Choi
- † Institute for Medical Radiation and Cell Research (MSZ) in the Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine (ZEMM), University of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
| | - Sigrid Eckardt
- ‡ Nationwide Children's Research Institute , Columbus, OH , USA
| | | | - Jessica Schmitt
- † Institute for Medical Radiation and Cell Research (MSZ) in the Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine (ZEMM), University of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
| | - Christian Geis
- § Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
| | - Manfred Heckmann
- ¶ Institute for Physiology, University of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
| | - Anna-Leena Sirén
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
| | - Albrecht M Müller
- † Institute for Medical Radiation and Cell Research (MSZ) in the Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine (ZEMM), University of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
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33
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De AK, Garg S, Singhal DK, Malik H, Mukherjee A, Jena MK, Kumar S, Kaushik JK, Mohanty AK, Das BC, Bag S, Bhanja SK, Malakar D. Derivation of goat embryonic stem cell-like cell lines from in vitro produced parthenogenetic blastocysts. Small Rumin Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2013.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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34
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Trounson A, DeWitt N. Pluripotent Stem Cells from Cloned Human Embryos: Success at Long Last. Cell Stem Cell 2013; 12:636-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2013.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Brevini TAL, Pennarossa G, Maffei S, Tettamanti G, Vanelli A, Isaac S, Eden A, Ledda S, de Eguileor M, Gandolfi F. Centrosome amplification and chromosomal instability in human and animal parthenogenetic cell lines. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2013; 8:1076-87. [PMID: 22661117 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-012-9379-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Parthenotes have been proposed as a source of embryonic stem cells but they lack the centriole which is inherited through the sperm in all mammalian species, except for rodents. We investigated the centrosome of parthenotes and parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells using parthenogenetic and biparental pig pre-implantation embryos, human and pig parthenogenetic and biparental embryonic stem cells, sheep fibroblasts derived from post implantation parthenogenetic and biparental embryos developed in vivo. We also determined the level of aneuploidy in parthenogenetic cells. Oocytes of all species were activated using ionomycin and 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP). Over 60% of parthenogenetic blastomeres were affected by an excessive number of centrioles. Centrosome amplification, was observed by microscopical and ultrastructural analysis also in parthenogenetic cell lines of all three species. Over expression of PLK2 and down regulation of CCNF, respectively involved in the stimulation and inhibition of centrosome duplication, were present in all species. We also detected down regulation of spindle assembly checkpoint components such as BUB1, CENPE and MAD2. Centrosome amplification was accompanied by multipolar mitotic spindles and all cell lines were affected by a high rate of aneuploidy. These observations indicate a link between centrosome amplification and the high incidence of aneuploidy and suggest that parthenogenetic stem cells may be a useful model to investigate how aneuploidy can be compatible with cell proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana A L Brevini
- Laboratory of Biomedical Embryology, Centre for Stem Cell Research (UniStem), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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36
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Ancestral gene and “complementary” antibody dominate early ontogeny. Immunobiology 2013; 218:755-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2012.08.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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37
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Tobin SC, Kim K. Confirmation of parthenogenetic identity by recombination signature in human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2013. [PMID: 23186300 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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38
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Didié M, Christalla P, Rubart M, Muppala V, Döker S, Unsöld B, El-Armouche A, Rau T, Eschenhagen T, Schwoerer AP, Ehmke H, Schumacher U, Fuchs S, Lange C, Becker A, Tao W, Scherschel JA, Soonpaa MH, Yang T, Lin Q, Zenke M, Han DW, Schöler HR, Rudolph C, Steinemann D, Schlegelberger B, Kattman S, Witty A, Keller G, Field LJ, Zimmermann WH. Parthenogenetic stem cells for tissue-engineered heart repair. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:1285-98. [PMID: 23434590 DOI: 10.1172/jci66854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Uniparental parthenotes are considered an unwanted byproduct of in vitro fertilization. In utero parthenote development is severely compromised by defective organogenesis and in particular by defective cardiogenesis. Although developmentally compromised, apparently pluripotent stem cells can be derived from parthenogenetic blastocysts. Here we hypothesized that nonembryonic parthenogenetic stem cells (PSCs) can be directed toward the cardiac lineage and applied to tissue-engineered heart repair. We first confirmed similar fundamental properties in murine PSCs and embryonic stem cells (ESCs), despite notable differences in genetic (allelic variability) and epigenetic (differential imprinting) characteristics. Haploidentity of major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) in PSCs is particularly attractive for allogeneic cell-based therapies. Accordingly, we confirmed acceptance of PSCs in MHC-matched allotransplantation. Cardiomyocyte derivation from PSCs and ESCs was equally effective. The use of cardiomyocyte-restricted GFP enabled cell sorting and documentation of advanced structural and functional maturation in vitro and in vivo. This included seamless electrical integration of PSC-derived cardiomyocytes into recipient myocardium. Finally, we enriched cardiomyocytes to facilitate engineering of force-generating myocardium and demonstrated the utility of this technique in enhancing regional myocardial function after myocardial infarction. Collectively, our data demonstrate pluripotency, with unrestricted cardiogenicity in PSCs, and introduce this unique cell type as an attractive source for tissue-engineered heart repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Didié
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Abstract
The boundaries of embryonic stem cell (ESC) research have extended considerably in recent years in several important ways. Alongside a deeper understanding of the pluripotent state, ESCs have been successfully integrated into various fields, such as genomics, epigenetics, and disease modeling. Significant progress in cell fate control has pushed directed differentiation and tissue engineering further than ever before and promoted clinical trials. The geographical distribution of research activity has also expanded, especially for human ESCs. This review outlines these developments and future challenges that remain.
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40
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Ahmad R, Wolber W, Eckardt S, Koch P, Schmitt J, Semechkin R, Geis C, Heckmann M, Brüstle O, McLaughlin JK, Sirén AL, Müller AM. Functional neuronal cells generated by human parthenogenetic stem cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42800. [PMID: 22880113 PMCID: PMC3412801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parent of origin imprints on the genome have been implicated in the regulation of neural cell type differentiation. The ability of human parthenogenetic (PG) embryonic stem cells (hpESCs) to undergo neural lineage and cell type-specific differentiation is undefined. We determined the potential of hpESCs to differentiate into various neural subtypes. Concurrently, we examined DNA methylation and expression status of imprinted genes. Under culture conditions promoting neural differentiation, hpESC-derived neural stem cells (hpNSCs) gave rise to glia and neuron-like cells that expressed subtype-specific markers and generated action potentials. Analysis of imprinting in hpESCs and in hpNSCs revealed that maternal-specific gene expression patterns and imprinting marks were generally maintained in PG cells upon differentiation. Our results demonstrate that despite the lack of a paternal genome, hpESCs generate proliferating NSCs that are capable of differentiation into physiologically functional neuron-like cells and maintain allele-specific expression of imprinted genes. Thus, hpESCs can serve as a model to study the role of maternal and paternal genomes in neural development and to better understand imprinting-associated brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhel Ahmad
- Institute for Medical Radiation and Cell Research (MSZ) in the Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (ZEMM), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wanja Wolber
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sigrid Eckardt
- Center for Molecular and Human Genetics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Philipp Koch
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn and Hertie Foundation, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jessica Schmitt
- Institute for Medical Radiation and Cell Research (MSZ) in the Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (ZEMM), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ruslan Semechkin
- International Stem Cell Corporation, Oceanside, California, United States of America
| | - Christian Geis
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn and Hertie Foundation, Bonn, Germany
| | - John K. McLaughlin
- Center for Molecular and Human Genetics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Anna-Leena Sirén
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Albrecht M. Müller
- Institute for Medical Radiation and Cell Research (MSZ) in the Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (ZEMM), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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41
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Liu W, Guo L, He W, Li Q, Sun X. Higher copy number variation and diverse X chromosome inactivation in parthenote-derived human embryonic stem cells. J Reprod Dev 2012; 58:642-8. [PMID: 22813599 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2012-076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parthenote-derived human embryonic stem cells (phESCs) have many advantages over conventionally derived human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), but a more thorough investigation of these cells is needed before they can be implemented in cell therapies. In this work, we used a Cytogenetics Whole-Genome Array to study the copy number variation (CNV) status in phESCs and hESCs. We also investigated X chromosome inactivation (XCI) and expression levels of marker genes in these cells. More CNVs were found in phESCs than in hESCs in the present study, and gene expression appeared to be associated with the gain or loss of CNVs. In addition, a variable XCI status and different expression pattern of paternally expressed imprinted gene were also found in phESCs. In conclusion, although phESCs had a similar pluripotent profile to conventionally derived hESCs, these cells differed in imprinted gene expression, XCI status and number of CNVs. Our work highlights the need for a deeper investigation to elucidate the genetic and epigenetic characteristics of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- WeiQiang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Experimental Department of Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China.
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42
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Generating pluripotent stem cells: differential epigenetic changes during cellular reprogramming. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:2874-81. [PMID: 22819821 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells hold enomous potential for therapuetic applications in tissue replacement therapy. Reprogramming somatic cells from a patient donor to generate pluripotent stem cells involves both ethical concerns inherent in the use of embryonic and oocyte-derived stem cells, as well as issues of histocompatibility. Among the various pluripotent stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)--derived by ectopic expression of four reprogramming factors in donor somatic cells--are superior in terms of ethical use, histocompatibility, and derivation method. However, iPSC also show genetic and epigenetic differences that limit their differentiation potential, functionality, safety, and potential clinical utility. Here, we discuss the unique characteristics of iPSC and approaches that are being taken to overcome these limitations.
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43
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Yu Y, Yan J, Zhang Q, Yan L, Li M, Zhou Q, Qiao J. Successful reprogramming of differentiated cells by somatic cell nuclear transfer, using in vitro-matured oocytes with a modified activation method. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 7:855-63. [PMID: 22589148 DOI: 10.1002/term.1476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic cloning has tremendous potential for cell therapy and tissue repair in some diseases. However, the efficiency of development of cloned human embryos by somatic cell nuclear transfer is still low. In the present study, the activation of cloned human embryos was investigated while using in vitro-matured oocytes. Pseudo-pronuclear formation and the subsequent development was compared with different activation parameters, including different durations of ionomycin and 6-dimethylaminopurine treatment. The results showed that somatic cells were successfully reprogrammed by modification of activation treatments while using in vitro-matured oocytes. The activation efficiency of cloned human embryos was significantly increased at durations of ionomycin at both 5 and 7 min, despite different durations of 6-DMAP treatment. The results of blastocyst development showed that 20% of activated embryos developed to the blastocyst stage when the embryos were activated with 5 µm ionomycin for 5 min and 2 mm 6-DMAP for 5 h, which was significantly higher than those activated with other parameters. Moreover, we found that an increasing duration of 6-DMAP induced the formation of a single, large, pseudo-pronucleus in cloned human embryos and impaired subsequent development competence. In conclusion, successful reprogramming of human somatic cells was achieved using in vitro-matured oocytes by somatic cell nuclear transfer and improved with a modified activation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, the People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, the People's Republic of China
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44
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Yabuuchi A, Rehman H, Kim K. Histocompatible parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells as a potential source for regenerative medicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 29:17-21. [PMID: 25264423 DOI: 10.1274/jmor.29.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Parthenogenesis is the process by which an oocyte develops into an embryo without fertilization. Parthenogenetic activation can be performed at various stages of meiosis, yielding embryos with a distinct genetic pattern of homozygousity and heterozygousity. The heterozygousity pattern specific to parthenogenetic embryonic stem (pES) cells derived from such embryos, can be predicted using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis to determine whether extrusion of the first or second polar body is prohibited. The heterozygous pES cells carrying the full complement of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen matched to the oocyte donor, could therefore provide a potential source of MHC matched cells or tissue for cell replacement therapy. In this review, we summarized the mechanism of deriving heterozygous MHC-matched pES cells using a mouse and human models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Yabuuchi
- Advanced Medical Research Institute of Fertility, Kato Ladies Clinic, 7-20-3 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, JAPAN
| | - Haniya Rehman
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Center for Cell Engineering, Sloan Kettering Institute, Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate program, Weil Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kitai Kim
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Center for Cell Engineering, Sloan Kettering Institute, Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate program, Weil Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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45
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Developmental incompatibility of human parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells in mouse blastocysts. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2012; 48:156-64. [PMID: 22271315 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-012-9483-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Human parthenogenetic embryonic stem (pES) cells can be clinically used in the future to avoid immunological rejection. However, the developmental potential of human pES cells remains to be elucidated. In this study, we generated a human pES-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) cell line (chHES-32-EGFP), which shows pluripotency thus far and maintains stable and robust EGFP expression in the undifferentiated and differentiated states in vivo and in vitro. Using this pES-EGFP cell line, we found that when human pES-EGFP cells were injected into mice blastocysts, EGFP-positive cells progressively decreased with the development of blastocysts in vitro. Only 4 out of 23 embryos (17.4%) contained EGFP-positive cells and all of these embryos exhibited abnormal morphology or delayed development when the chimera blastocysts were implanted into the pseudopregnant recipient mouse uterus. These results raise serious questions regarding the feasibility of the generation of interspecific chimeras between mouse blastocysts and human pES cells.
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46
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Franzen M. Making Science News: The Press Relations of Scientific Journals and Implications for Scholarly Communication. SOCIOLOGY OF THE SCIENCES YEARBOOK 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2085-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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47
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Reprogramming within hours following nuclear transfer into mouse but not human zygotes. Nat Commun 2011; 2:488. [PMID: 21971503 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertilized mouse zygotes can reprogram somatic cells to a pluripotent state. Human zygotes might therefore be useful for producing patient-derived pluripotent stem cells. However, logistical, legal and social considerations have limited the availability of human eggs for research. Here we show that a significant number of normal fertilized eggs (zygotes) can be obtained for reprogramming studies. Using these zygotes, we found that when the zygotic genome was replaced with that of a somatic cell, development progressed normally throughout the cleavage stages, but then arrested before the morula stage. This arrest was associated with a failure to activate transcription in the transferred somatic genome. In contrast to human zygotes, mouse zygotes reprogrammed the somatic cell genome to a pluripotent state within hours after transfer. Our results suggest that there may be a previously unappreciated barrier to successful human nuclear transfer, and that future studies could focus on the requirements for genome activation.
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48
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Wei Q, Sun Z, He X, Tan T, Lu B, Guo X, Su B, Ji W. Derivation of rhesus monkey parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells and its microRNA signature. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25052. [PMID: 21966410 PMCID: PMC3180378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells are considered as a promising resource for regeneration medicine and powerful tools for developmental biology. A lot of studies have revealed that embryonic stem cells have distinct microRNA expression pattern and these microRNAs play important roles in self-renewal and pluripotency of embryonic stem cells. However, few studies concern about microRNA expression pattern in parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells, especially in non-human primate—the ideal model species for human, largely due to the limited rhesus monkey parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells (rpESCs) available and lack of systematic analysis of the basics of rpESCs. Here, we derived two novel rpESCs lines and characterized their microRNA signature by Solexa deep sequencing. These two novel rpESCs shared many properties with other primate ESCs, including expression of pluripotent markers, capacity to generate derivatives representative of all three germ layers in vivo and in vitro, maintaining of euploid karyotype even after long culture. Additionally, lack of some paternally expressed imprinted genes and identity of Single-nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) compare to their oocyte donors support their parthenogenesis origin. By characterizing their microRNA signature, we identified 91 novel microRNAs, except those are also detected in other primate ESCs. Moreover, these two novel rpESCs display a unique microRNA signature, comparing to their biparental counterpart ESCs. Then we analyzed X chromosome status in these two novel rpESCs; results suggested that one of them possesses two active X chromosomes, the other possesses only one active X chromosome liking biparental female embryonic stem cells. Taken together, our novel rpESCs provide a new alternative to existing rhesus monkey embryonic stem cells, microRNA information expands rhesus monkey microRNA data and may help understanding microRNA roles in pluripotency and parthenogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wei
- Department of Reproduction and Development, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (QW); (BS); (WJ)
| | - Zhenghua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiechao He
- Department of Reproduction and Development, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Tan
- Department of Reproduction and Development, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Lu
- Department of Reproduction and Development, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Guo
- Department of Reproduction and Development, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (QW); (BS); (WJ)
| | - Weizhi Ji
- Department of Reproduction and Development, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (QW); (BS); (WJ)
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49
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Yabut O, Bernstein HS. The promise of human embryonic stem cells in aging-associated diseases. Aging (Albany NY) 2011; 3:494-508. [PMID: 21566262 PMCID: PMC3156600 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging-associated diseases are often caused by progressive loss or dysfunction of cells that ultimately affect the overall function of tissues and organs. Successful treatment of these diseases could benefit from cell-based therapy that would regenerate lost cells or otherwise restore tissue function. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) promise to be an important therapeutic candidate in treating aging-associated diseases due to their unique capacity for self-renewal and pluripotency. To date, there are numerous hESC lines that have been developed and characterized. We will discuss how hESC lines are derived, their molecular and cellular properties, and how their ability to differentiate into all three embryonic germ layers is determined. We will also outline the methods currently employed to direct their differentiation into populations of tissue-specific, functional cells. Finally, we will highlight the general challenges that must be overcome and the strategies being developed to generate highly-purified hESC-derived cell populations that can safely be used for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odessa Yabut
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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50
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Lee JY, Lee DY, Choi YS, Lee KJ, Kim YO. Registration of human embryonic stem cell lines: Korea, 2010. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2011; 2:141-7. [PMID: 24159464 PMCID: PMC3766916 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrp.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In an effort to increase the credibility of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines established in Korea, obligatory registration was introduced by the Bioethics and Safety Act 2008, effective as of January 1, 2010. The DNA fingerprint, chromosome stability, expression of pluripotency markers, and contamination of mycoplasma of the submitted lines were analyzed by Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC). The characterization data and ethical aspects, such as informed consent for donation of surplus embryos, were reviewed by a 10-member advisory review committee for stem cell registry. A total of 55 domestic hESC lines were submitted for registration in 2010; among them 51 were registered. Among these submitted lines, 26 were additionally characterized by KCDC, while 25 lines previously characterized by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology were not additionally analyzed by KCDC. Registration completed an oversight system for embryo research by registering the products of licensed embryo research projects, making embryo research more transparent in Korea. Information about hESC lines is available at the website of the Korea Stem Cell Registry (kscr.nih.go.kr).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yoon Lee
- Division of Life Science Research Management, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Korea
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