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Grass T, Dokuzluoglu Z, Buchner F, Rosignol I, Thomas J, Caldarelli A, Dalinskaya A, Becker J, Rost F, Marass M, Wirth B, Beyer M, Bonaguro L, Rodriguez-Muela N. Isogenic patient-derived organoids reveal early neurodevelopmental defects in spinal muscular atrophy initiation. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101659. [PMID: 39067446 PMCID: PMC11384962 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Whether neurodevelopmental defects underlie postnatal neuronal death in neurodegeneration is an intriguing hypothesis only recently explored. Here, we focus on spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a neuromuscular disorder caused by reduced survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein levels leading to spinal motor neuron (MN) loss and muscle wasting. Using the first isogenic patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) model and a spinal cord organoid (SCO) system, we show that SMA SCOs exhibit abnormal morphological development, reduced expression of early neural progenitor markers, and accelerated expression of MN progenitor and MN markers. Longitudinal single-cell RNA sequencing reveals marked defects in neural stem cell specification and fewer MNs, favoring mesodermal progenitors and muscle cells, a bias also seen in early SMA mouse embryos. Surprisingly, SMN2-to-SMN1 conversion does not fully reverse these developmental abnormalities. These suggest that early neurodevelopmental defects may underlie later MN degeneration, indicating that postnatal SMN-increasing interventions might not completely amend SMA pathology in all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Grass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE), Dresden, Germany.
| | - Zeynep Dokuzluoglu
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE), Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix Buchner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE), Dresden, Germany
| | - Ines Rosignol
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE), Dresden, Germany; Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Joshua Thomas
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE), Dresden, Germany
| | - Antonio Caldarelli
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE), Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Dalinskaya
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE), Dresden, Germany
| | - Jutta Becker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fabian Rost
- DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, Technology Platform at the Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, TUD, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michele Marass
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany; Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Brunhilde Wirth
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Rare Diseases, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marc Beyer
- Systems Medicine, DZNE, Bonn, Germany; PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, DZNE & University of Bonn and West German Genome Center, Bonn, Germany; Immunogenomics & Neurodegeneration, DZNE, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Bonaguro
- Systems Medicine, DZNE, Bonn, Germany; Genomics & Immunoregulation, LIMES Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Natalia Rodriguez-Muela
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE), Dresden, Germany; Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.
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2
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Cui A, Patel R, Bosco P, Akcan U, Richters E, Delgado PB, Agalliu D, Sproul AA. Generation of hiPSC-derived brain microvascular endothelial cells using a combination of directed differentiation and transcriptional reprogramming strategies. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.03.588012. [PMID: 38903080 PMCID: PMC11188081 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.03.588012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB), formed by specialized brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), regulates brain function in health and disease. In vitro modeling of the human BBB is limited by the lack of robust hiPSC protocols to generate BMECs. Here, we report generation, transcriptomic and functional characterization of reprogrammed BMECs (rBMECs) by combining hiPSC differentiation into BBB-primed endothelial cells and reprogramming with two BBB transcription factors FOXF2 and ZIC3. rBMECs express a subset of the BBB gene repertoire including tight junctions and transporters, exhibit stronger paracellular barrier properties, lower caveolar-mediated transcytosis, and similar p-Glycoprotein activity compared to primary HBMECs. They can acquire an inflammatory phenotype when treated with oligomeric Aβ42. rBMECs integrate with hiPSC-derived pericytes and astrocytes to form a 3D neurovascular system using the MIMETAS microfluidics platform. This novel 3D system resembles the in vivo BBB at structural and functional levels to enable investigation of pathogenic mechanisms of neurological diseases.
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3
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Galloway KE. Rewinding the Tape to Identify Intrinsic Determinants of Reprogramming Potential. Cell Reprogram 2024; 26:117-119. [PMID: 39116037 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2024.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Via retrospective isolation of clones using Rewind, Jain et al. identified primed states of cells that reprogram to induced pluripotent stem cells. Examining clones, they find that cells retain memory of over several rounds of cell division. Moreover, they show that extrinsic factors change the number of primed cells, suggesting that there exist diverse paths of reprogramming and states of priming.
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4
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Atia GA, Rashed F, Taher ES, Cho SG, Dayem AA, Soliman MM, Shalaby HK, Mohammed NA, Taymour N, El-Sherbiny M, Ebrahim E, Ramadan MM, Abdelkader A, Abdo M, Aldarmahi AA, Atwa AM, Bafail DA, Abdeen A. Challenges of therapeutic applications and regenerative capacities of urine based stem cells in oral, and maxillofacial reconstruction. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117005. [PMID: 38945084 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Urine-derived stem cells (USCs) have gained the attention of researchers in the biomedical field in the past few years . Regarding the several varieties of cells that have been used for this purpose, USCs have demonstrated mesenchymal stem cell-like properties, such as differentiation and immunomodulation. Furthermore, they could be differentiated into several lineages. This is very interesting for regenerative techniques based on cell therapy. This review will embark on describing their separation, and profiling. We will specifically describe the USCs characteristics, in addition to their differentiation potential. Then, we will introduce and explore the primary uses of USCs. These involve thier utilization as a platform to produce stem cells, however, we shall concentrate on the utilization of USCs for therapeutic, and regenerative orofacial applications, providing an in-depth evaluation of this purpose. The final portion will address the limitations and challenges of their implementation in regenerative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal A Atia
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, and Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
| | - Fatema Rashed
- Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan
| | - Ehab S Taher
- Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea.
| | - Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Magdalen M Soliman
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, and Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Badr University, Egypt
| | - Hany K Shalaby
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology and Oral Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez University, Suez 43512, Egypt
| | - Nourelhuda A Mohammed
- Physiology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Mutah, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
| | - Noha Taymour
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, 71666, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Elturabi Ebrahim
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Nursing College, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud M Ramadan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Afaf Abdelkader
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdo
- Department of Animal Histology and Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Egypt; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Aldarmahi
- Department of Basic Science, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 21582, Saudi Arabia; National Guard, Health Affairs, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Jeddah 21582, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Atwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Duaa A Bafail
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 11829, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdeen
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt.
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5
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Afonso MB, Marques V, van Mil SW, Rodrigues CM. Human liver organoids: From generation to applications. Hepatology 2024; 79:1432-1451. [PMID: 36815360 PMCID: PMC11095893 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, research into human hepatology has been revolutionized by the development of mini human livers in a dish. These liver organoids are formed by self-organizing stem cells and resemble their native counterparts in cellular content, multicellular architecture, and functional features. Liver organoids can be derived from the liver tissue or pluripotent stem cells generated from a skin biopsy, blood cells, or renal epithelial cells present in urine. With the development of liver organoids, a large part of previous hurdles in modeling the human liver is likely to be solved, enabling possibilities to better model liver disease, improve (personalized) drug testing, and advance bioengineering options. In this review, we address strategies to generate and use organoids in human liver disease modeling, followed by a discussion of their potential application in drug development and therapeutics, as well as their strengths and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta B. Afonso
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vanda Marques
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Saskia W.C. van Mil
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia M.P. Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
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6
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Lin YC, Ku CC, Wuputra K, Liu CJ, Wu DC, Satou M, Mitsui Y, Saito S, Yokoyama KK. Possible Strategies to Reduce the Tumorigenic Risk of Reprogrammed Normal and Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5177. [PMID: 38791215 PMCID: PMC11120835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The reprogramming of somatic cells to pluripotent stem cells has immense potential for use in regenerating or redeveloping tissues for transplantation, and the future application of this method is one of the most important research topics in regenerative medicine. These cells are generated from normal cells, adult stem cells, or neoplastic cancer cells. They express embryonic stem cell markers, such as OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG, and can differentiate into all tissue types in adults, both in vitro and in vivo. However, tumorigenicity, immunogenicity, and heterogeneity of cell populations may hamper the use of this method in medical therapeutics. The risk of cancer formation is dependent on mutations of these stemness genes during the transformation of pluripotent stem cells to cancer cells and on the alteration of the microenvironments of stem cell niches at genetic and epigenetic levels. Recent reports have shown that the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from human fibroblasts could be induced using chemicals, which is a safe, easy, and clinical-grade manufacturing strategy for modifying the cell fate of human cells required for regeneration therapies. This strategy is one of the future routes for the clinical application of reprogramming therapy. Therefore, this review highlights the recent progress in research focused on decreasing the tumorigenic risk of iPSCs or iPSC-derived organoids and increasing the safety of iPSC cell preparation and their application for therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chu Lin
- School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Cha-Chien Ku
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-C.K.); (K.W.)
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.); (D.-C.W.)
- Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Kenly Wuputra
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-C.K.); (K.W.)
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.); (D.-C.W.)
- Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Chung-Jung Liu
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.); (D.-C.W.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Deng-Chyang Wu
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.); (D.-C.W.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Maki Satou
- Research Institute, Horus Co., Ltd., Iruma 358-0032, Saitama, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yukio Mitsui
- Research Institute, Horus Co., Ltd., Iruma 358-0032, Saitama, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Shigeo Saito
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-C.K.); (K.W.)
- Research Institute, Horus Co., Ltd., Iruma 358-0032, Saitama, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.M.)
- Saito Laboratory of Cell Technology, Yaita 329-1571, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kazunari K. Yokoyama
- School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-C.K.); (K.W.)
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.); (D.-C.W.)
- Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
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7
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Chen Y, Li M, Wu Y. The occurrence and development of induced pluripotent stem cells. Front Genet 2024; 15:1389558. [PMID: 38699229 PMCID: PMC11063328 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1389558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The ectopic expression of four transcription factors, Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM), known as "Yamanaka factors," can reprogram or stimulate the production of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Although OSKM is still the gold standard, there are multiple ways to reprogram cells into iPSCs. In recent years, significant progress has been made in improving the efficiency of this technology. Ten years after the first report was published, human pluripotent stem cells have gradually been applied in clinical settings, including disease modeling, cell therapy, new drug development, and cell derivation. Here, we provide a review of the discovery of iPSCs and their applications in disease and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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8
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Dhanjal DS, Singh R, Sharma V, Nepovimova E, Adam V, Kuca K, Chopra C. Advances in Genetic Reprogramming: Prospects from Developmental Biology to Regenerative Medicine. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:1646-1690. [PMID: 37138422 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230503144619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The foundations of cell reprogramming were laid by Yamanaka and co-workers, who showed that somatic cells can be reprogrammed into pluripotent cells (induced pluripotency). Since this discovery, the field of regenerative medicine has seen advancements. For example, because they can differentiate into multiple cell types, pluripotent stem cells are considered vital components in regenerative medicine aimed at the functional restoration of damaged tissue. Despite years of research, both replacement and restoration of failed organs/ tissues have remained elusive scientific feats. However, with the inception of cell engineering and nuclear reprogramming, useful solutions have been identified to counter the need for compatible and sustainable organs. By combining the science underlying genetic engineering and nuclear reprogramming with regenerative medicine, scientists have engineered cells to make gene and stem cell therapies applicable and effective. These approaches have enabled the targeting of various pathways to reprogramme cells, i.e., make them behave in beneficial ways in a patient-specific manner. Technological advancements have clearly supported the concept and realization of regenerative medicine. Genetic engineering is used for tissue engineering and nuclear reprogramming and has led to advances in regenerative medicine. Targeted therapies and replacement of traumatized , damaged, or aged organs can be realized through genetic engineering. Furthermore, the success of these therapies has been validated through thousands of clinical trials. Scientists are currently evaluating induced tissue-specific stem cells (iTSCs), which may lead to tumour-free applications of pluripotency induction. In this review, we present state-of-the-art genetic engineering that has been used in regenerative medicine. We also focus on ways that genetic engineering and nuclear reprogramming have transformed regenerative medicine and have become unique therapeutic niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Reena Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Varun Sharma
- Head of Bioinformatic Division, NMC Genetics India Pvt. Ltd., Gurugram, India
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, CZ 613 00, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, Brno, CZ-612 00, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50005, Czech Republic
| | - Chirag Chopra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
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9
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Ilia K, Shakiba N, Bingham T, Jones RD, Kaminski MM, Aravera E, Bruno S, Palacios S, Weiss R, Collins JJ, Del Vecchio D, Schlaeger TM. Synthetic genetic circuits to uncover the OCT4 trajectories of successful reprogramming of human fibroblasts. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg8495. [PMID: 38019912 PMCID: PMC10686568 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg8495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Reprogramming human fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is inefficient, with heterogeneity among transcription factor (TF) trajectories driving divergent cell states. Nevertheless, the impact of TF dynamics on reprogramming efficiency remains uncharted. We develop a system that accurately reports OCT4 protein levels in live cells and use it to reveal the trajectories of OCT4 in successful reprogramming. Our system comprises a synthetic genetic circuit that leverages noise to generate a wide range of OCT4 trajectories and a microRNA targeting endogenous OCT4 to set total cellular OCT4 protein levels. By fusing OCT4 to a fluorescent protein, we are able to track OCT4 trajectories with clonal resolution via live-cell imaging. We discover that a supraphysiological, stable OCT4 level is required, but not sufficient, for efficient iPSC colony formation. Our synthetic genetic circuit design and high-throughput live-imaging pipeline are generalizable for investigating TF dynamics for other cell fate programming applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Ilia
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nika Shakiba
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Trevor Bingham
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ross D. Jones
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Michael M. Kaminski
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz-Association, Berlin 10115, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medizinische Klinik m.S. Nephrologie und Intensivmedizin, Berlin 10117, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Eliezer Aravera
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Simone Bruno
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sebastian Palacios
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ron Weiss
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - James J. Collins
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Domitilla Del Vecchio
- Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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10
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Woodell AS, Landoni E, Valdivia A, Buckley A, Ogunnaike EA, Dotti G, Hingtgen SD. Utilizing induced neural stem cell-based delivery of a cytokine cocktail to enhance chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell therapy for brain cancer. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10538. [PMID: 38023712 PMCID: PMC10658508 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T-cell therapy has shown enormous clinical promise against blood cancers, yet efficacy against solid tumors remains a challenge. Here, we investigated the potential of a new combination cell therapy, where tumor-homing induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) are used to enhance CAR-T-cell therapy and achieve efficacious suppression of brain tumors. Using in vitro and in vivo migration assays, we found iNSC-secreted RANTES/IL-15 increased CAR-T-cell migration sixfold and expansion threefold, resulting in greater antitumor activity in a glioblastoma (GBM) tumor model. Furthermore, multimodal imaging showed iNSC delivery of RANTES/IL-15 in combination with intravenous administration of CAR-T cells reduced established orthotopic GBM xenografts 2538-fold within the first week, followed by durable tumor remission through 60 days post-treatment. By contrast, CAR-T-cell therapy alone only partially controlled tumor growth, with a median survival of only 19 days. Together, these studies demonstrate the potential of combined cell therapy platforms to improve the efficacy of CAR-T-cell therapy for brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex S. Woodell
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of PharmacyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Elisa Landoni
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Alain Valdivia
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of PharmacyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Andrew Buckley
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of PharmacyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Edikan A. Ogunnaike
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, UNC Eshelman School of PharmacyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Gianpietro Dotti
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Shawn D. Hingtgen
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of PharmacyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
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11
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Kumazaki T, Yonekawa C, Tsubouchi T. Microscopic Analysis of Cell Fate Alteration Induced by Cell Fusion. Cell Reprogram 2023; 25:251-259. [PMID: 37847898 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2023.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, differentiated cells generally do not de-differentiate nor undergo cell fate alterations. However, they can be experimentally guided toward a different lineage. Cell fusion involving two different cell types has long been used to study this process, as this method induces cell fate alterations within hours to days in a subpopulation of fused cells, as evidenced by changes in gene-expression profiles. Despite the robustness of this system, its use has been restricted by low fusion rates and difficulty in eliminating unfused populations, thereby compromising resolution. In this study, we address these limitations by isolating fused cells using antibody-conjugated beads. This approach enables the microscopic tracking of fused cells starting as early as 5 hours after fusion. By taking advantage of species-specific FISH probes, we show that a small population of fused cells resulting from the fusion of mouse ES and human B cells, expresses OCT4 from human nuclei at levels comparable to human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as early as 25 hours after fusion. We also show that this response can vary depending on the fusion partner. Our study broadens the usage of the cell fusion system for comprehending the mechanisms underlying cell fate alterations. These findings hold promise for diverse fields, including regenerative medicine and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisei Kumazaki
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Shonah Village, Hayama, 240-0193, Japan
| | - Chinatsu Yonekawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Tomomi Tsubouchi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Shonah Village, Hayama, 240-0193, Japan
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12
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Afifi MM, Crncec A, Cornwell JA, Cataisson C, Paul D, Ghorab LM, Hernandez MO, Wong M, Kedei N, Cappell SD. Irreversible cell cycle exit associated with senescence is mediated by constitutive MYC degradation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113079. [PMID: 37656618 PMCID: PMC10591853 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells can irreversibly exit the cell cycle and become senescent to safeguard against uncontrolled proliferation. While the p53-p21 and p16-Rb pathways are thought to mediate senescence, they also mediate reversible cell cycle arrest (quiescence), raising the question of whether senescence is actually reversible or whether alternative mechanisms underly the irreversibility associated with senescence. Here, we show that senescence is irreversible and that commitment to and maintenance of senescence are mediated by irreversible MYC degradation. Senescent cells start dividing when a non-degradable MYC mutant is expressed, and quiescent cells convert to senescence when MYC is knocked down. In early oral carcinogenesis, epithelial cells exhibit MYC loss and become senescent as a safeguard against malignant transformation. Later stages of oral premalignant lesions exhibit elevated MYC levels and cellular dysplasia. Thus, irreversible cell cycle exit associated with senescence is mediated by constitutive MYC degradation, but bypassing this degradation may allow tumor cells to escape during cancer initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Afifi
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adrijana Crncec
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James A Cornwell
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christophe Cataisson
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Debasish Paul
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Laila M Ghorab
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maria O Hernandez
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource, Office of Science and Technology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Madeline Wong
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource, Office of Science and Technology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Noemi Kedei
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource, Office of Science and Technology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Steven D Cappell
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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13
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Smullen M, Olson MN, Reichert JM, Dawes P, Murray LF, Baer CE, Wang Q, Readhead B, Church GM, Lim ET, Chan Y. Reliable multiplex generation of pooled induced pluripotent stem cells. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100570. [PMID: 37751688 PMCID: PMC10545906 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Reprogramming somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) enables the study of systems in vitro. To increase the throughput of reprogramming, we present induction of pluripotency from pooled cells (iPPC)-an efficient, scalable, and reliable reprogramming procedure. Using our deconvolution algorithm that employs pooled sequencing of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we accurately estimated individual donor proportions of the pooled iPSCs. With iPPC, we concurrently reprogrammed over one hundred donor lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) into iPSCs and found strong correlations of individual donors' reprogramming ability across multiple experiments. Individual donors' reprogramming ability remains consistent across both same-day replicates and multiple experimental runs, and the expression of certain immunoglobulin precursor genes may impact reprogramming ability. The pooled iPSCs were also able to differentiate into cerebral organoids. Our procedure enables a multiplex framework of using pooled libraries of donor iPSCs for downstream research and investigation of in vitro phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Smullen
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Meagan N Olson
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Julia M Reichert
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Pepper Dawes
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Liam F Murray
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Christina E Baer
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Benjamin Readhead
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - George M Church
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elaine T Lim
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Yingleong Chan
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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14
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Yuecel G, Zhou X, Terkatz L, Wendel A, Reinhardt J, El-Battrawy I, Sattler K, Cyganek L, Utikal J, Langer H, Scharf R, Duerschmied D, Akin I. Flagellin-Induced Immune Response in Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13933. [PMID: 37762236 PMCID: PMC10531389 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are involved in the pathogenesis of septic cardiomyopathy through a toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated immune response. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) can reflect the innate immune abilities of cardiomyocytes. Therefore, hiPSC-CMs may provide an attractive tool with which to study PAMP-induced alterations in cardiomyocytes. HiPSC-CMs from two different healthy donors were exposed to the PAMP flagellin (FLA) at different doses and exposure times. Alterations in the expression levels of distinct inflammation-associated cytokines, intracellular inflammation pathways including TLR5 downstream signaling, reactive oxygen species levels and surface antigen composition were assessed using PCR, ELISA and FACS techniques. Higher doses of flagellin increased the expression levels of inflammation-associated cytokines like TNFα (p < 0.01) and downstream signaling molecules like caspase-8 (p < 0.05). TLR5 expression (p < 0.01) and TLR5 fluorescence proportion (p < 0.05) increased in hiPSC-CMs after prolonged FLA exposure. FLA-induced innate immune response processes in cardiomyocytes might be detectable with an hiPSC-CMs-based in vitro model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goekhan Yuecel
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for AngioScience (ECAS) and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for AngioScience (ECAS) and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Linda Terkatz
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, Children’s Hospital of Cologne, 50735 Cologne, Germany
| | - Angela Wendel
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for AngioScience (ECAS) and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julius Reinhardt
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for AngioScience (ECAS) and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ibrahim El-Battrawy
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Bergmannsheil University Hospitals, Ruhr University of Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Katherine Sattler
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for AngioScience (ECAS) and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lukas Cyganek
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Stem Cell Unit, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jochen Utikal
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology and DKFZ Hector Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Harald Langer
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for AngioScience (ECAS) and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ruediger Scharf
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for AngioScience (ECAS) and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Duerschmied
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for AngioScience (ECAS) and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Akin
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for AngioScience (ECAS) and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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15
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Schloo C, Kutscher LM. Modeling brain and neural crest neoplasms with human pluripotent stem cells. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:1225-1235. [PMID: 36757217 PMCID: PMC10326493 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells offer unique avenues to study human-specific aspects of disease and are a highly versatile tool in cancer research. Oncogenic processes and developmental programs often share overlapping transcriptomic and epigenetic signatures, which can be reactivated in induced pluripotent stem cells. With the emergence of brain organoids, the ability to recapitulate brain development and structure has vastly improved, making in vitro models more realistic and hence more suitable for biomedical modeling. This review highlights recent research and current challenges in human pluripotent stem cell modeling of brain and neural crest neoplasms, and concludes with a call for more rigorous quality control and for the development of models for rare tumor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedar Schloo
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Neuroblastoma Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena M Kutscher
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Developmental Origins of Pediatric Cancer Junior Research Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Li J, Bai Y, Liu Y, Song Z, Yang Y, Zhao Y. Transcriptome-based chemical screens identify CDK8 as a common barrier in multiple cell reprogramming systems. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112566. [PMID: 37235474 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts can be chemically induced to pluripotent stem cells (CiPSCs) through an extraembryonic endoderm (XEN)-like state or directly converted into other differentiated cell lineages. However, the mechanisms underlying chemically induced cell-fate reprogramming remain unclear. Here, a transcriptome-based screen of biologically active compounds uncovered that CDK8 inhibition was essential to enable chemically induced reprogramming from fibroblasts into XEN-like cells, then CiPSCs. RNA-sequencing analysis showed that CDK8 inhibition downregulated proinflammatory pathways that suppress chemical reprogramming and facilitated the induction of a multi-lineage priming state, indicating the establishment of plasticity in fibroblasts. CDK8 inhibition also resulted in a chromatin accessibility profile like that under initial chemical reprogramming. Moreover, CDK8 inhibition greatly promoted reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts into hepatocyte-like cells and induction of human fibroblasts into adipocytes. These collective findings thus highlight CDK8 as a general molecular barrier in multiple cell reprogramming processes, and as a common target for inducing plasticity and cell fate conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yunfei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Plastech Pharmaceutical Technology Ltd, Nanjing 210031, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Plastech Pharmaceutical Technology Ltd, Nanjing 210031, China
| | - Zhongya Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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17
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Osterburg C, Ferniani M, Antonini D, Frombach AS, D'Auria L, Osterburg S, Lotz R, Löhr F, Kehrloesser S, Zhou H, Missero C, Dötsch V. Disease-related p63 DBD mutations impair DNA binding by distinct mechanisms and varying degree. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:274. [PMID: 37072394 PMCID: PMC10113246 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05796-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor p63 shares a high sequence identity with the tumour suppressor p53 which manifests itself in high structural similarity and preference for DNA sequences. Mutations in the DNA binding domain (DBD) of p53 have been studied in great detail, enabling a general mechanism-based classification. In this study we provide a detailed investigation of all currently known mutations in the p63 DBD, which are associated with developmental syndromes, by measuring their impact on transcriptional activity, DNA binding affinity, zinc binding capacity and thermodynamic stability. Some of the mutations we have further characterized with respect to their ability to convert human dermal fibroblasts into induced keratinocytes. Here we propose a classification of the p63 DBD mutations based on the four different mechanisms of DNA binding impairment which we identified: direct DNA contact, zinc finger region, H2 region, and dimer interface mutations. The data also demonstrate that, in contrast to p53 cancer mutations, no p63 mutation induces global unfolding and subsequent aggregation of the domain. The dimer interface mutations that affect the DNA binding affinity by disturbing the interaction between the individual DBDs retain partial DNA binding capacity which correlates with a milder patient phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Osterburg
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marco Ferniani
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, 80145, Naples, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Antonini
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, 80145, Naples, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Ann-Sophie Frombach
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ludovica D'Auria
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, 80145, Naples, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Susanne Osterburg
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rebecca Lotz
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Frank Löhr
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kehrloesser
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Huiqing Zhou
- Departments of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Departments of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Caterina Missero
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, 80145, Naples, Italy.
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Volker Dötsch
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.
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18
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Jain N, Goyal Y, Dunagin MC, Cote CJ, Mellis IA, Emert B, Jiang CL, Dardani IP, Reffsin S, Raj A. Retrospective identification of intrinsic factors that mark pluripotency potential in rare somatic cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.10.527870. [PMID: 36798299 PMCID: PMC9934612 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.10.527870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotency can be induced in somatic cells by the expression of the four "Yamanaka" factors OCT4, KLF4, SOX2, and MYC. However, even in homogeneous conditions, usually only a rare subset of cells admit reprogramming, and the molecular characteristics of this subset remain unknown. Here, we apply retrospective clone tracing to identify and characterize the individual human fibroblast cells that are primed for reprogramming. These fibroblasts showed markers of increased cell cycle speed and decreased fibroblast activation. Knockdown of a fibroblast activation factor identified by our analysis led to increased reprogramming efficiency, identifying it as a barrier to reprogramming. Changing the frequency of reprogramming by inhibiting the activity of LSD1 led to an enlarging of the pool of cells that were primed for reprogramming. Our results show that even homogeneous cell populations can exhibit heritable molecular variability that can dictate whether individual rare cells will reprogram or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Jain
- Genetics and Epigenetics Program, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yogesh Goyal
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Margaret C Dunagin
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher J Cote
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ian A Mellis
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin Emert
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Connie L Jiang
- Genetics and Epigenetics Program, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ian P Dardani
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sam Reffsin
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arjun Raj
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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19
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Hermann FM, Kjærgaard MF, Tian C, Tiemann U, Jackson A, Olsen LR, Kraft M, Carlsson PO, Elfving IM, Kettunen JLT, Tuomi T, Novak I, Semb H. An insulin hypersecretion phenotype precedes pancreatic β cell failure in MODY3 patient-specific cells. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:38-51.e8. [PMID: 36563694 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
MODY3 is a monogenic hereditary form of diabetes caused by mutations in the transcription factor HNF1A. The patients progressively develop hyperglycemia due to perturbed insulin secretion, but the pathogenesis is unknown. Using patient-specific hiPSCs, we recapitulate the insulin secretion sensitivity to the membrane depolarizing agent sulfonylurea commonly observed in MODY3 patients. Unexpectedly, MODY3 patient-specific HNF1A+/R272C β cells hypersecrete insulin both in vitro and in vivo after transplantation into mice. Consistently, we identified a trend of increased birth weight in human HNF1A mutation carriers compared with healthy siblings. Reduced expression of potassium channels, specifically the KATP channel, in MODY3 β cells, increased calcium signaling, and rescue of the insulin hypersecretion phenotype by pharmacological targeting ATP-sensitive potassium channels or low-voltage-activated calcium channels suggest that more efficient membrane depolarization underlies the hypersecretion of insulin in MODY3 β cells. Our findings identify a pathogenic mechanism leading to β cell failure in MODY3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian M Hermann
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maya Friis Kjærgaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chenglei Tian
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Translational Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Ulf Tiemann
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Abigail Jackson
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Rønn Olsen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Maria Kraft
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per-Ola Carlsson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Jarno L T Kettunen
- Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Finland, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Finland, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ivana Novak
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Semb
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Translational Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany.
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20
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Devendran A, Kar S, Bailey R, Trivieri MG. The Role of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor Type 2 ( BMPR2) and the Prospects of Utilizing Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Disease Modeling. Cells 2022; 11:3823. [PMID: 36497082 PMCID: PMC9741276 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), causing right ventricular hypertrophy and ultimately death from right heart failure. Heterozygous mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) are linked to approximately 80% of hereditary, and 20% of idiopathic PAH cases, respectively. While patients carrying a BMPR2 gene mutation are more prone to develop PAH than non-carriers, only 20% will develop the disease, whereas the majority will remain asymptomatic. PAH is characterized by extreme vascular remodeling that causes pulmonary arterial endothelial cell (PAEC) dysfunction, impaired apoptosis, and uncontrolled proliferation of the pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). To date, progress in understanding the pathophysiology of PAH has been hampered by limited access to human tissue samples and inadequacy of animal models to accurately mimic the pathogenesis of human disease. Along with the advent of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, there has been an increasing interest in using this tool to develop patient-specific cellular models that precisely replicate the pathogenesis of PAH. In this review, we summarize the currently available approaches in iPSC-based PAH disease modeling and explore how this technology could be harnessed for drug discovery and to widen our understanding of the pathophysiology of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anichavezhi Devendran
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sumanta Kar
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rasheed Bailey
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Maria Giovanna Trivieri
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Unit, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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21
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Carberry CK, Ferguson SS, Beltran AS, Fry RC, Rager JE. Using liver models generated from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for evaluating chemical-induced modifications and disease across liver developmental stages. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 83:105412. [PMID: 35688329 PMCID: PMC9296547 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a pivotal organ regulating critical developmental stages of fetal metabolism and detoxification. Though numerous studies have evaluated links between prenatal/perinatal exposures and adverse health outcomes in the developing fetus, the central role of liver to health disruptions resulting from these exposures remains understudied, especially concerning early development and later-in-life health outcomes. While numerous in vitro methods for evaluating liver toxicity have been established, the use of iPSC-derived hepatocytes appears to be particularly well suited to contribute to this critical research gap due to their potential to model a diverse range of disease phenotypes and different stages of liver development. The following key aspects are reviewed: (1) an introduction to developmental liver toxicity; (2) an introduction to embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cell models; (3) methods and challenges for deriving liver cells from stem cells; and (4) applications for iPSC-derived hepatocytes to evaluate liver developmental stages and their associated responses to insults. We conclude that iPSC-derived hepatocytes have great potential for informing liver toxicity and underlying disease mechanisms via the generation of patient-specific iPSCs; implementing large-scale drug and chemical screening; evaluating general biological responses as a potential surrogate target cell; and evaluating inter-individual disease susceptibility and response variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste K Carberry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephen S Ferguson
- Biomolecular Screening Branch, National Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Adriana S Beltran
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Julia E Rager
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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22
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Lee A, Kondapalli C, Virga DM, Lewis TL, Koo SY, Ashok A, Mairet-Coello G, Herzig S, Foretz M, Viollet B, Shaw R, Sproul A, Polleux F. Aβ42 oligomers trigger synaptic loss through CAMKK2-AMPK-dependent effectors coordinating mitochondrial fission and mitophagy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4444. [PMID: 35915085 PMCID: PMC9343354 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in both mouse models and human patients, soluble forms of Amyloid-β 1-42 oligomers (Aβ42o) trigger loss of excitatory synapses (synaptotoxicity) in cortical and hippocampal pyramidal neurons (PNs) prior to the formation of insoluble amyloid plaques. In a transgenic AD mouse model, we observed a spatially restricted structural remodeling of mitochondria in the apical tufts of CA1 PNs dendrites corresponding to the dendritic domain where the earliest synaptic loss is detected in vivo. We also observed AMPK over-activation as well as increased fragmentation and loss of mitochondrial biomass in Ngn2-induced neurons derived from a new APPSwe/Swe knockin human ES cell line. We demonstrate that Aβ42o-dependent over-activation of the CAMKK2-AMPK kinase dyad mediates synaptic loss through coordinated phosphorylation of MFF-dependent mitochondrial fission and ULK2-dependent mitophagy. Our results uncover a unifying stress-response pathway causally linking Aβ42o-dependent structural remodeling of dendritic mitochondria to synaptic loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center New York, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, USA
- The Integrated Graduate Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chandana Kondapalli
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center New York, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel M Virga
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center New York, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tommy L Lewis
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center New York, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - So Yeon Koo
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Archana Ashok
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Sebastien Herzig
- Molecular & Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marc Foretz
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Reuben Shaw
- Molecular & Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Sproul
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Franck Polleux
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center New York, New York, NY, USA.
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, USA.
- Kavli Institute for Brain Sciences, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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23
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Soltani Dehnavi S, Eivazi Zadeh Z, Harvey AR, Voelcker NH, Parish CL, Williams RJ, Elnathan R, Nisbet DR. Changing Fate: Reprogramming Cells via Engineered Nanoscale Delivery Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108757. [PMID: 35396884 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of nanotechnology in regenerative medicine is at the nexus of fundamental innovations and early-stage breakthroughs, enabling exciting biomedical advances. One of the most exciting recent developments is the use of nanoscale constructs to influence the fate of cells, which are the basic building blocks of healthy function. Appropriate cell types can be effectively manipulated by direct cell reprogramming; a robust technique to manipulate cellular function and fate, underpinning burgeoning advances in drug delivery systems, regenerative medicine, and disease remodeling. Individual transcription factors, or combinations thereof, can be introduced into cells using both viral and nonviral delivery systems. Existing approaches have inherent limitations. Viral-based tools include issues of viral integration into the genome of the cells, the propensity for uncontrollable silencing, reduced copy potential and cell specificity, and neutralization via the immune response. Current nonviral cell reprogramming tools generally suffer from inferior expression efficiency. Nanomaterials are increasingly being explored to address these challenges and improve the efficacy of both viral and nonviral delivery because of their unique properties such as small size and high surface area. This review presents the state-of-the-art research in cell reprogramming, focused on recent breakthroughs in the deployment of nanomaterials as cell reprogramming delivery tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Soltani Dehnavi
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, ANU College of Health & Medicine, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Research School of Chemistry, ANU College of Science, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- ANU College of Engineering & Computer Science, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Zahra Eivazi Zadeh
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Alan R Harvey
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, and Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Clare L Parish
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Richard J Williams
- iMPACT, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Roey Elnathan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- iMPACT, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - David R Nisbet
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, ANU College of Health & Medicine, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Research School of Chemistry, ANU College of Science, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
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24
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Kim CK, Sachdev PS, Braidy N. Recent Neurotherapeutic Strategies to Promote Healthy Brain Aging: Are we there yet? Aging Dis 2022; 13:175-214. [PMID: 35111369 PMCID: PMC8782556 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the global exponential increase in population ageing, there is an urgent unmet need to develop reliable strategies to slow down and delay the ageing process. Age-related neurodegenerative diseases are among the main causes of morbidity and mortality in our contemporary society and represent a major socio-economic burden. There are several controversial factors that are thought to play a causal role in brain ageing which are continuously being examined in experimental models. Among them are oxidative stress and brain inflammation which are empirical to brain ageing. Although some candidate drugs have been developed which reduce the ageing phenotype, their clinical translation is limited. There are several strategies currently in development to improve brain ageing. These include strategies such as caloric restriction, ketogenic diet, promotion of cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels, removal of senescent cells, 'young blood' transfusions, enhancement of adult neurogenesis, stem cell therapy, vascular risk reduction, and non-pharmacological lifestyle strategies. Several studies have shown that these strategies can not only improve brain ageing by attenuating age-related neurodegenerative disease mechanisms, but also maintain cognitive function in a variety of pre-clinical experimental murine models. However, clinical evidence is limited and many of these strategies are awaiting findings from large-scale clinical trials which are nascent in the current literature. Further studies are needed to determine their long-term efficacy and lack of adverse effects in various tissues and organs to gain a greater understanding of their potential beneficial effects on brain ageing and health span in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Kyu Kim
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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25
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Bailly A, Milhavet O, Lemaitre JM. RNA-Based Strategies for Cell Reprogramming toward Pluripotency. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:317. [PMID: 35214051 PMCID: PMC8876983 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy approaches to treat a wide range of pathologies have greatly benefited from cell reprogramming techniques that allow the conversion of a somatic cell into a pluripotent cell. Many technological developments have been made since the initial major discovery of this biological process. Recently reprogramming methods based on the use of RNA have emerged and seem very promising. Thus, in this review we will focus on presenting the interest of such methods for cell reprogramming but also how these RNA-based strategies can be extended to eventually lead to medical applications to improve healthspan and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaëlle Bailly
- IRMB, University Montpellier, INSERM, 34295 Montpellier, France
- INGRAALYS, SA, IRMB, Incubator Cyborg, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Ollivier Milhavet
- IRMB, University Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France
- SAFE-iPSC Facility, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Marc Lemaitre
- IRMB, University Montpellier, INSERM, 34295 Montpellier, France
- SAFE-iPSC Facility, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
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26
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Biological characteristics of dental pulp stem cells and their potential use in regenerative medicine. J Oral Biosci 2022; 64:26-36. [PMID: 35031479 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regenerative medicine has emerged as a multidisciplinary field with the promising potential of renewing tissues and organs. The main types of adult stem cells used in clinical trials are hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Stem cells are defined as self-renewing clonogenic progenitor cells that can generate one or more types of specialized cells. HIGHLIGHT MSCs form adipose, cartilage, and bone tissue. Their protective and regenerative effects, such as mitogenic, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and angiogenic effects, are mediated through paracrine and endocrine mechanisms. Dental pulp is a valuable source of stem cells because the collection of dental pulp for stem cell isolation is non-invasive, in contrast to conventional sources, such as bone marrow and adipose tissue. Teeth are an excellent source of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) for therapeutic procedures and they can be easily obtained after tooth extraction or the shedding of deciduous teeth. Thus, there is increased interest in optimizing and establishing standard procedures for obtaining DPSCs; preserving well-defined DPSC cultures for specific applications; and increasing the efficiency, reproducibility, and safety of the clinical use of DPSCs. CONCLUSION This review comprehensively describes the biological characteristics and origins of DPSCs, their identification and harvesting, key aspects related to their characterization, their multilineage differentiation potential, current clinical applications, and their potential use in regenerative medicine for future dental and medical applications.
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27
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Clark LE, Clark SA, Lin C, Liu J, Coscia A, Nabel KG, Yang P, Neel DV, Lee H, Brusic V, Stryapunina I, Plante KS, Ahmed AA, Catteruccia F, Young-Pearse TL, Chiu IM, Llopis PM, Weaver SC, Abraham J. VLDLR and ApoER2 are receptors for multiple alphaviruses. Nature 2021; 602:475-480. [PMID: 34929721 PMCID: PMC8808280 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04326-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Alphaviruses, like many other arthropod-borne viruses, infect vertebrate species and insect vectors separated by hundreds of millions of years of evolutionary history. Entry into evolutionarily divergent host cells can be accomplished by recognition of different cellular receptors in different species, or by binding to receptors that are highly conserved across species. Although multiple alphavirus receptors have been described1–3, most are not shared among vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Here we identify the very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) as a receptor for the prototypic alphavirus Semliki forest virus. We show that the E2 and E1 glycoproteins (E2–E1) of Semliki forest virus, eastern equine encephalitis virus and Sindbis virus interact with the ligand-binding domains (LBDs) of VLDLR and apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2), two closely related receptors. Ectopic expression of either protein facilitates cellular attachment, and internalization of virus-like particles, a VLDLR LBD–Fc fusion protein or a ligand-binding antagonist block Semliki forest virus E2–E1-mediated infection of human and mouse neurons in culture. The administration of a VLDLR LBD–Fc fusion protein has protective activity against rapidly fatal Semliki forest virus infection in mouse neonates. We further show that invertebrate receptor orthologues from mosquitoes and worms can serve as functional alphavirus receptors. We propose that the ability of some alphaviruses to infect a wide range of hosts is a result of their engagement of evolutionarily conserved lipoprotein receptors and contributes to their pathogenesis. Studies using viral coat glycoproteins show that alphaviruses can enter cells via the very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) and apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2), members of an evolutionarily conserved family of lipoprotein receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars E Clark
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah A Clark
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - ChieYu Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianying Liu
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Adrian Coscia
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katherine G Nabel
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pan Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dylan V Neel
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hyo Lee
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vesna Brusic
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iryna Stryapunina
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth S Plante
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Asim A Ahmed
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Flaminia Catteruccia
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tracy L Young-Pearse
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isaac M Chiu
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paula Montero Llopis
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,MicRoN Core, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott C Weaver
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan Abraham
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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28
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Sun X, Xiang J, Chen R, Geng Z, Wang L, Liu Y, Ji S, Chen H, Li Y, Zhang C, Liu P, Yue T, Dong L, Fu X. Sweat Gland Organoids Originating from Reprogrammed Epidermal Keratinocytes Functionally Recapitulated Damaged Skin. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2103079. [PMID: 34569165 PMCID: PMC8596119 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Restoration of sweat glands (SwGs) represents a great issue in patients with extensive skin defects. Recent methods combining organoid technology with cell fate reprogramming hold promise for developing new regenerative methods for SwG regeneration. Here, a practical strategy for engineering functional human SwGs in vitro and in vivo is provided. First, by forced expression of the ectodysplasin-A in human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) combined with specific SwG culture medium, HEKs are efficiently converted into SwG cells (iSwGCs). The iSwGCs show typical morphology, gene expression pattern, and functions resembling human primary SwG cells. Second, by culturing the iSwGCs in a special 3D culturing system, SwG organoids (iSwGOs) that exhibit structural and biological features characteristic of native SwGs are obtained. Finally, these iSwGOs are successfully transplanted into a mouse skin damage model and they develop into fully functioning SwGs in vivo. Regeneration of functional SwG organoids from reprogrammed HEKs highlights the great translational potential for personalized SwG regeneration in patients with large skin defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Sun
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical CenterPLA General Hospital and PLA Medical CollegePLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin InjuryRepair and RegenerationResearch Unit of Trauma CareTissue Repair and RegenerationChinese Academy of Medical Sciences2019RU051Beijing100048P. R. China
| | - Jiangbing Xiang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical CenterPLA General Hospital and PLA Medical CollegePLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin InjuryRepair and RegenerationResearch Unit of Trauma CareTissue Repair and RegenerationChinese Academy of Medical Sciences2019RU051Beijing100048P. R. China
- Bioengineering College of Chongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
| | - Runkai Chen
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical CenterPLA General Hospital and PLA Medical CollegePLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin InjuryRepair and RegenerationResearch Unit of Trauma CareTissue Repair and RegenerationChinese Academy of Medical Sciences2019RU051Beijing100048P. R. China
- Department of General SurgeryChinese PLA General Hospital28 Fu Xing RoadBeijing100853P. R. China
| | - Zhijun Geng
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical CenterPLA General Hospital and PLA Medical CollegePLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin InjuryRepair and RegenerationResearch Unit of Trauma CareTissue Repair and RegenerationChinese Academy of Medical Sciences2019RU051Beijing100048P. R. China
| | - Lintao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu210023China
| | - Yiqiong Liu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical CenterPLA General Hospital and PLA Medical CollegePLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin InjuryRepair and RegenerationResearch Unit of Trauma CareTissue Repair and RegenerationChinese Academy of Medical Sciences2019RU051Beijing100048P. R. China
| | - Shuaifei Ji
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical CenterPLA General Hospital and PLA Medical CollegePLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin InjuryRepair and RegenerationResearch Unit of Trauma CareTissue Repair and RegenerationChinese Academy of Medical Sciences2019RU051Beijing100048P. R. China
| | - Huating Chen
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical CenterPLA General Hospital and PLA Medical CollegePLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin InjuryRepair and RegenerationResearch Unit of Trauma CareTissue Repair and RegenerationChinese Academy of Medical Sciences2019RU051Beijing100048P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical CenterPLA General Hospital and PLA Medical CollegePLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin InjuryRepair and RegenerationResearch Unit of Trauma CareTissue Repair and RegenerationChinese Academy of Medical Sciences2019RU051Beijing100048P. R. China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical CenterPLA General Hospital and PLA Medical CollegePLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin InjuryRepair and RegenerationResearch Unit of Trauma CareTissue Repair and RegenerationChinese Academy of Medical Sciences2019RU051Beijing100048P. R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of MedicineTsinghua UniversityHaidian DistrictBeijing100084China
| | - Tao Yue
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and AutomationShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu210023China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical CenterPLA General Hospital and PLA Medical CollegePLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin InjuryRepair and RegenerationResearch Unit of Trauma CareTissue Repair and RegenerationChinese Academy of Medical Sciences2019RU051Beijing100048P. R. China
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Wang Z, Zheng J, Pan R, Chen Y. Current status and future prospects of patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. Hum Cell 2021; 34:1601-1616. [PMID: 34378170 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00592-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are produced from adult somatic cells through reprogramming, which behave like embryonic stem cells (ESCs) but avoiding the controversial ethical issues from destruction of embryos. Since the first discovery in 2006 of four factors that are essential for maintaining the basic characteristics of ESC, global researches have rapidly improved the techniques for generating iPSCs. In this paper, we review new insights into patient-specific iPSC and summarize selected "disease-in-a-dish" examples that model the genetic and epigenetic variations of human diseases. Although more researches need to be done, studies have increasingly focused on the potential utility of iPSCs. The usability of iPSC technology is changing the fields of disease modeling and precision treatment. Aside from its potential use in regenerative cellular therapy for degenerative diseases, iPSC offers a range of new opportunities for the study of genetic human disorders, particularly, rare diseases. We believe that this rapidly moving field promises many more developments that will benefit modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wang
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Genetics, Institute of Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental Disorders, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruolang Pan
- Institute for Cell-Based Drug Development of Zhejiang Province, S-Evans Biosciences, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell-Based Drug and Applied Technology Development in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China. .,Department of Genetics, Institute of Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental Disorders, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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30
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Facioli R, Lojudice FH, Anauate AC, Maquigussa E, Nishiura JL, Heilberg IP, Sogayar MC, Boim MA. Kidney organoids generated from erythroid progenitors cells of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252156. [PMID: 34339420 PMCID: PMC8328284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kidney organoids have been broadly obtained from commercially available induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs); however, it has been a great challenge to efficiently produce renal organoid models from patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) that recapitulate both embryogenesis and the mechanisms of cystogenesis. Methods Blood erythroid progenitors (EPs) from two ADPKD patients and one healthy donor (HC) was used as a comparative control to normalize the many technical steps for reprogramming EPs and for the organoids generation. EPs were reprogrammed by an episomal vector into iPSCs, which were differentiated into renal tubular organoids and then stimulated by forskolin to induce cysts formation. Results iPSCs derived from EPs exhibited all characteristics of pluripotency and were able to differentiate into all three germ layers. 3D tubular organoids were generated from single cells after 28 days in Matrigel. HC and ADPKD organoids did not spontaneously form cysts, but upon forskolin stimulation, cysts-like structures were observed in the ADPKD organoids but not in the HC-derived organoids. Conclusion The findings of this study showed that kidney organoids were successfully generated from the blood EP cells of ADPKD patients and a healthy control donor. This approach should contribute as a powerful tool for embryonic kidney development model, which is able to recapitulate the very early pathophysiological mechanisms involved in cytogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Facioli
- Nephrology Division–Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Fernando Henrique Lojudice
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Center (NUCEL), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Edgar Maquigussa
- Nephrology Division–Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mari Cleide Sogayar
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Center (NUCEL), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Liu Y, He J, Chen R, Liu H, Chen J, Liu Y, Wang B, Guo L, Pei D, Wang J, Liu J, Chen J. AP-1 activity is a major barrier of human somatic cell reprogramming. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5847-5863. [PMID: 34181046 PMCID: PMC11072308 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03883-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) technology has been widely applied to cell regeneration and disease modeling. However, most mechanism of somatic reprogramming is studied on mouse system, which is not always generic in human. Consequently, the generation of human iPSCs remains inefficient. Here, we map the chromatin accessibility dynamics during the induction of human iPSCs from urine cells. Comparing to the mouse system, we found that the closing of somatic loci is much slower in human. Moreover, a conserved AP-1 motif is highly enriched among the closed loci. The introduction of AP-1 repressor, JDP2, enhances human reprogramming and facilitates the reactivation of pluripotent genes. However, ESRRB, KDM2B and SALL4, several known pluripotent factors promoting mouse somatic reprogramming fail to enhance human iPSC generation. Mechanistically, we reveal that JDP2 promotes the closing of somatic loci enriching AP-1 motifs to enhance human reprogramming. Furthermore, JDP2 can rescue reprogramming deficiency without MYC or KLF4. These results indicate AP-1 activity is a major barrier to prevent chromatin remodeling during somatic cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Jiangping He
- Center for Cell Lineage and Atlas (CCLA), Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health GuangDong Laboratory , Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Ruhai Chen
- Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - He Liu
- Center for Cell Lineage and Atlas (CCLA), Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health GuangDong Laboratory , Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Jocelyn Chen
- The Loomis Chaffee School, Windsor, CT, 06095, USA
| | - Yujian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Center for Cell Lineage and Atlas (CCLA), Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health GuangDong Laboratory , Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Lin Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center for Cell Lineage and Atlas (CCLA), Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health GuangDong Laboratory , Guangzhou, 510005, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Duanqing Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
- Center for Cell Lineage and Atlas (CCLA), Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health GuangDong Laboratory , Guangzhou, 510005, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Jie Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Jing Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Center for Cell Lineage and Atlas (CCLA), Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health GuangDong Laboratory , Guangzhou, 510005, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
| | - Jiekai Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
- Center for Cell Lineage and Atlas (CCLA), Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health GuangDong Laboratory , Guangzhou, 510005, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
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Clinically compatible advances in blood-derived endothelial progenitor cell isolation and reprogramming for translational applications. N Biotechnol 2021; 63:1-9. [PMID: 33588094 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The promise of using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for cellular therapies has been hampered by the lack of easily isolatable and well characterized source cells whose genomes have undergone minimal changes during their processing. Blood-derived late-outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are used for disease modeling and have potential therapeutic uses including cell transplantation and the translation of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derivatives. However, the current isolation of EPCs has been inconsistent and requires at least 40-80 mL of blood, limiting their wider use. In addition, previous EPC reprogramming methods precluded the translation of EPC-derived iPSCs to the clinic. Here a series of clinically-compatible advances in the isolation and reprogramming of EPCs is presented, including a reduction of blood sampling volumes to 10 mL and use of highly efficient RNA-based reprogramming methods together with autologous human serum, resulting in clinically relevant iPSCs carrying minimal copy number variations (CNVs) compared to their parent line.
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iPSC Preparation and Epigenetic Memory: Does the Tissue Origin Matter? Cells 2021; 10:cells10061470. [PMID: 34208270 PMCID: PMC8230744 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent a breakthrough in regenerative medicine, providing new opportunities for understanding basic molecular mechanisms of human development and molecular aspects of degenerative diseases. In contrast to human embryonic stem cells (ESCs), iPSCs do not raise any ethical concerns regarding the onset of human personhood. Still, they present some technical issues related to immune rejection after transplantation and potential tumorigenicity, indicating that more steps forward must be completed to use iPSCs as a viable tool for in vivo tissue regeneration. On the other hand, cell source origin may be pivotal to iPSC generation since residual epigenetic memory could influence the iPSC phenotype and transplantation outcome. In this paper, we first review the impact of reprogramming methods and the choice of the tissue of origin on the epigenetic memory of the iPSCs or their differentiated cells. Next, we describe the importance of induction methods to determine the reprogramming efficiency and avoid integration in the host genome that could alter gene expression. Finally, we compare the significance of the tissue of origin and the inter-individual genetic variation modification that has been lightly evaluated so far, but which significantly impacts reprogramming.
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Ray A, Joshi JM, Sundaravadivelu PK, Raina K, Lenka N, Kaveeshwar V, Thummer RP. An Overview on Promising Somatic Cell Sources Utilized for the Efficient Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1954-1974. [PMID: 34100193 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10200-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Human induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) have enormous potential in understanding developmental biology, disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine. The initial human iPSC studies used fibroblasts as a starting cell source to reprogram them; however, it has been identified to be a less appealing somatic cell source by numerous studies due to various reasons. One of the important criteria to achieve efficient reprogramming is determining an appropriate starting somatic cell type to induce pluripotency since the cellular source has a major influence on the reprogramming efficiency, kinetics, and quality of iPSCs. Therefore, numerous groups have explored various somatic cell sources to identify the promising sources for reprogramming into iPSCs with different reprogramming factor combinations. This review provides an overview of promising easily accessible somatic cell sources isolated in non-invasive or minimally invasive manner such as keratinocytes, urine cells, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells used for the generation of human iPSCs derived from healthy and diseased subjects. Notably, iPSCs generated from one of these cell types derived from the patient will offer ethical and clinical advantages. In addition, these promising somatic cell sources have the potential to efficiently generate bona fide iPSCs with improved reprogramming efficiency and faster kinetics. This knowledge will help in establishing strategies for safe and efficient reprogramming and the generation of patient-specific iPSCs from these cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Ray
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Jahnavy Madhukar Joshi
- Central Research Laboratory, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Dharwad, 580009, Karnataka, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Sundaravadivelu
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Khyati Raina
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Nibedita Lenka
- National Centre for Cell Science, S. P. Pune University Campus, Pune - 411007, Ganeshkhind, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vishwas Kaveeshwar
- Central Research Laboratory, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Dharwad, 580009, Karnataka, India.
| | - Rajkumar P Thummer
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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Yang L, Xue S, Du M, Lian F. Highly Efficient MicroRNA Delivery Using Functionalized Carbon Dots for Enhanced Conversion of Fibroblasts to Cardiomyocytes. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:3741-3754. [PMID: 34113099 PMCID: PMC8186278 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s304873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The reprogramming of induced cardiomyocytes (iCMs) is of particular significance in regenerative medicine; however, it remains a great challenge to fabricate an efficient and safe gene delivery system to induce reprogramming of iCMs for therapeutic applications in heart injury. Here, we report branched polyethyleneimine (BP) coated nitrogen-enriched carbon dots (BP-NCDs) as highly efficient nanocarriers loaded with microRNAs-combo (BP-NCDs/MC) for cardiac reprogramming. Methods The BP-NCDs nanocarriers were prepared and characterized by several analytical techniques. Results The BP-NCDs nanocarriers showed good microRNAs-combo binding affinity, negligible cytotoxicity, and long-term microRNAs expression. Importantly, BP-NCDs/MC nanocomplexes led to the efficient direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into iCMs without genomic integration and resulting in effective recovery of cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI). Conclusion This study offers a novel strategy to provide safe and effective microRNAs-delivery nanoplatforms based on carbon dots for promising cardiac regeneration and disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Xue
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjun Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Lian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
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Song S, Ashok A, Williams D, Kaufman M, Duff K, Sproul A. Efficient Derivation of Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Stably Expressing Direct Reprogramming Factors. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e141. [PMID: 34102035 PMCID: PMC8191582 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It is essential to generate isolated populations of human neuronal subtypes in order to understand cell-type-specific roles in brain function and susceptibility to disease pathology. Here we describe a protocol for in-parallel generation of cortical glutamatergic (excitatory) and GABAergic (inhibitory) neurons from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) by using the neurogenic transcription factors Ngn2 and a combination of Ascl1 and Dlx2, respectively. In contrast to the majority of neural transdifferentiation protocols that use transient lentiviral infection, the use of stable hPSC lines carrying doxycycline-inducible transcription factors allows neuronal differentiation to be initiated by addition of doxycycline and neural medium. This article presents a method to generate lentivirus from cultured mammalian cells and establish stable transcription factor-expressing cell lines (Basic Protocol 1), followed by a method for monolayer excitatory and inhibitory neuronal differentiation from the established lines (Basic Protocol 2). The resulting neurons reproducibly exhibit properties consistent with human cortical neurons, including the expected morphologies, expression of glutamatergic and GABAergic genes, and functional properties. Our approach enables the scalable and rapid production of human neurons suitable for modeling human brain diseases in a subtype-specific manner and examination of differential cellular vulnerability. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Lentivirus production and generation of stable hPSC lines Support Protocol 1: Expansion and maintenance of hPSCs Basic Protocol 2: Differentiation of EX- and IN-neurons Support Protocol 2: Experimental methods for validation of EX- and IN-neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saera Song
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Archana Ashok
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Damian Williams
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Maria Kaufman
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Karen Duff
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Current address: UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Sproul
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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Pelham-Webb B, Polyzos A, Wojenski L, Kloetgen A, Li J, Di Giammartino DC, Sakellaropoulos T, Tsirigos A, Core L, Apostolou E. H3K27ac bookmarking promotes rapid post-mitotic activation of the pluripotent stem cell program without impacting 3D chromatin reorganization. Mol Cell 2021; 81:1732-1748.e8. [PMID: 33730542 PMCID: PMC8052294 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
During self-renewal, cell-type-defining features are drastically perturbed in mitosis and must be faithfully reestablished upon G1 entry, a process that remains largely elusive. Here, we characterized at a genome-wide scale the dynamic transcriptional and architectural resetting of mouse pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) upon mitotic exit. We captured distinct waves of transcriptional reactivation with rapid induction of stem cell genes and transient activation of lineage-specific genes. Topological reorganization at different hierarchical levels also occurred in an asynchronous manner and showed partial coordination with transcriptional resetting. Globally, rapid transcriptional and architectural resetting associated with mitotic retention of H3K27 acetylation, supporting a bookmarking function. Indeed, mitotic depletion of H3K27ac impaired the early reactivation of bookmarked, stem-cell-associated genes. However, 3D chromatin reorganization remained largely unaffected, suggesting that these processes are driven by distinct forces upon mitotic exit. This study uncovers principles and mediators of PSC molecular resetting during self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobbie Pelham-Webb
- Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD program, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Alexander Polyzos
- Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Luke Wojenski
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Andreas Kloetgen
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Computational Biology of Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jiexi Li
- Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Dafne Campigli Di Giammartino
- Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | | | - Aristotelis Tsirigos
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center and Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Leighton Core
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Effie Apostolou
- Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Maali A, Maroufi F, Sadeghi F, Atashi A, Kouchaki R, Moghadami M, Azad M. Induced pluripotent stem cell technology: trends in molecular biology, from genetics to epigenetics. Epigenomics 2021; 13:631-647. [PMID: 33823614 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, based on autologous cells' reprogramming to the embryonic state, is a new approach in regenerative medicine. Current advances in iPSC technology have opened up new avenues for multiple applications, from basic research to clinical therapy. Thus, conducting iPSC trials have attracted increasing attention and requires an extensive understanding of the molecular basis of iPSCs. Since iPSC reprogramming is based on the methods inducing the expression of specific genes involved in pluripotency states, it can be concluded that iPSC reprogramming is strongly influenced by epigenetics. In this study, we reviewed the molecular basis of reprogramming, including the reprogramming factors (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, c-MYC, NANOG, ESRRB, LIN28 as well as their regulatory networks), applied vectors (retroviral vectors, adenoviral vectors, Sendaiviral vectors, episomal plasmids, piggyBac, simple vectors, etc.) and epigenetic modifications (miRNAs, histones and DNA methylation states) to provide a comprehensive guide for reprogramming studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhosein Maali
- Student Research Committee, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Faezeh Maroufi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Farzin Sadeghi
- Cellular & Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Amir Atashi
- Stem Cells & Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Reza Kouchaki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mona Moghadami
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mehdi Azad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Rufaihah AJ, Chen CK, Yap CH, Mattar CNZ. Mending a broken heart: In vitro, in vivo and in silico models of congenital heart disease. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm047522. [PMID: 33787508 PMCID: PMC8033415 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.047522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Birth defects contribute to ∼0.3% of global infant mortality in the first month of life, and congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect among newborns worldwide. Despite the significant impact on human health, most treatments available for this heterogenous group of disorders are palliative at best. For this reason, the complex process of cardiogenesis, governed by multiple interlinked and dose-dependent pathways, is well investigated. Tissue, animal and, more recently, computerized models of the developing heart have facilitated important discoveries that are helping us to understand the genetic, epigenetic and mechanobiological contributors to CHD aetiology. In this Review, we discuss the strengths and limitations of different models of normal and abnormal cardiogenesis, ranging from single-cell systems and 3D cardiac organoids, to small and large animals and organ-level computational models. These investigative tools have revealed a diversity of pathogenic mechanisms that contribute to CHD, including genetic pathways, epigenetic regulators and shear wall stresses, paving the way for new strategies for screening and non-surgical treatment of CHD. As we discuss in this Review, one of the most-valuable advances in recent years has been the creation of highly personalized platforms with which to study individual diseases in clinically relevant settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Jalil Rufaihah
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228
| | - Ching Kit Chen
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228
| | - Choon Hwai Yap
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat -National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119228
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Citra N Z Mattar
- Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Health System, Singapore 119228
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Swanzey E, McNamara TF, Apostolou E, Tahiliani M, Stadtfeld M. A Susceptibility Locus on Chromosome 13 Profoundly Impacts the Stability of Genomic Imprinting in Mouse Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Rep 2021; 30:3597-3604.e3. [PMID: 32187532 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cultured pluripotent cells accumulate detrimental chromatin alterations, including DNA methylation changes at imprinted genes known as loss of imprinting (LOI). Although the occurrence of LOI is considered a stochastic phenomenon, here we document a genetic determinant that segregates mouse pluripotent cells into stable and unstable cell lines. Unstable lines exhibit hypermethylation at Dlk1-Dio3 and other imprinted loci, in addition to impaired developmental potential. Stimulation of demethylases by ascorbic acid prevents LOI and loss of developmental potential. Susceptibility to LOI greatly differs between commonly used mouse strains, which we use to map a causal region on chromosome 13 with quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. Our observations identify a strong genetic determinant of locus-specific chromatin abnormalities in pluripotent cells and provide a non-invasive way to suppress them. This highlights the importance of considering genetics in conjunction with culture conditions for assuring the quality of pluripotent cells for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Swanzey
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Thomas F McNamara
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Effie Apostolou
- Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Mamta Tahiliani
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Matthias Stadtfeld
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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41
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Si Z, Wang X. Stem Cell Therapies in Alzheimer's Disease: Applications for Disease Modeling. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 377:207-217. [PMID: 33558427 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with complex pathologic and biologic characteristics. Extracellular β-amyloid deposits, such as senile plaques, and intracellular aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau, such as neurofibrillary tangles, remain the main neuropathological criteria for the diagnosis of AD. There is currently no effective treatment of the disease, and many clinical trials have failed to prove any benefits of new therapeutics. More recently, there has been increasing interest in harnessing the potential of stem cell technologies for drug discovery, disease modeling, and cell therapies, which have been used to study an array of human conditions, including AD. The recently developed and optimized induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology is a critical platform for screening anti-AD drugs and understanding mutations that modify AD. Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has been investigated as a new therapeutic approach to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) also exhibit considerable potential to treat neurodegenerative diseases by secreting growth factors and exosomes, attenuating neuroinflammation. This review highlights recent progress in stem cell research and the translational applications and challenges of iPSCs, NSCs, and MSCs as treatment strategies for AD. Even though these treatments are still in relative infancy, these developing stem cell technologies hold considerable promise to combat AD and other neurodegenerative disorders. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that results in learning and memory defects. Although some drugs have been approved for AD treatment, fewer than 20% of patients with AD benefit from these drugs. Therapies based on stem cells, including induced pluripotent stem cells, neural stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells, provide promising therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Si
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China (Z.S.) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (X.W.)
| | - Xidi Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China (Z.S.) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (X.W.)
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de Souza Santos R, Gross AR, Sareen D. Hypothalamus and neuroendocrine diseases: The use of human-induced pluripotent stem cells for disease modeling. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 181:337-350. [PMID: 34238469 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-820683-6.00025-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamus, which is part of the brain of all vertebrate animals, is considered the link between the central nervous system (CNS) and (i) the endocrine system via the pituitary gland and (ii) with our organs via the autonomic nervous system. It synthesizes and releases neurohormones, which in turn stimulate or inhibit the secretion of other hormones within the CNS, and sends and receives signals to and from the peripheral nervous and endocrine systems. As the brain region responsible for energy homeostasis, the hypothalamus is the key regulator of thermoregulation, hunger and satiety, circadian rhythms, sleep and fatigue, memory and learning, arousal and reproductive cycling, blood pressure, and heart rate and thus orchestrates complex physiological responses in order to maintain metabolic homeostasis. These critical roles implicate the hypothalamus in neuroendocrine disorders such as obesity, diabetes, anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and others. In this chapter, we focus on the use of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and their differentiation into hypothalamic neurons in order to model neuroendocrine disorders such as extreme obesity in a dish. To do so, we discuss important steps of human hypothalamus development, neuroendocrine diseases related to the hypothalamus, multiple protocols to differentiate hiPSCs into hypothalamic neurons, and severe obesity modeling in vitro using hiPSCs-derived hypothalamic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta de Souza Santos
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Cedars-Sinai Biomanufacturing Center, West Hollywood, CA, United States
| | - Andrew R Gross
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Cedars-Sinai Biomanufacturing Center, West Hollywood, CA, United States
| | - Dhruv Sareen
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Cedars-Sinai Biomanufacturing Center, West Hollywood, CA, United States; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States; iPSC Core, David and Janet Polak Foundation Stem Cell Core Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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El-Battrawy I, Albers S, Cyganek L, Zhao Z, Lan H, Li X, Xu Q, Kleinsorge M, Huang M, Liao Z, Zhong R, Rudic B, Müller J, Dinkel H, Lang S, Diecke S, Zimmermann WH, Utikal J, Wieland T, Borggrefe M, Zhou X, Akin I. A cellular model of Brugada syndrome with SCN10A variants using human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Europace 2020; 21:1410-1421. [PMID: 31106349 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euz122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Brugada syndrome (BrS) is associated with a pronounced risk to develop sudden cardiac death (SCD). Up to 21% of patients are related to mutations in SCN5A. Studies identified SCN10A as a contributor of BrS. However, the investigation of the human cellular phenotype of BrS in the presence of SCN10A mutations remains lacking. The objective of this study was to establish a cellular model of BrS in presence of SCN10A mutations using human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). METHODS AND RESULTS Dermal fibroblasts obtained from a BrS patient suffering from SCD harbouring the SCN10A double variants (c.3803G>A and c.3749G>A) and three independent healthy control subjects were reprogrammed to hiPSCs. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells were differentiated into cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs).The hiPSC-CMs from the BrS patient showed a significantly reduced peak sodium channel current (INa) and a significantly reduced ATX II (sea anemone toxin, an enhancer of late INa) sensitive as well as A-887826 (a blocker of SCN10A channel) sensitive late sodium channel current (INa) when compared with the healthy control hiPSC-CMs, indicating loss-of-function of sodium channels. Consistent with reduced INa the action potential amplitude and upstroke velocity (Vmax) were significantly reduced, which may contribute to arrhythmogenesis of BrS. Moreover, Ajmaline effects on action potentials were stronger in BrS-hiPSC-CMs than in healthy control cells. This is in agreement with the higher susceptibility of patients to sodium channel blocking drugs in unmasking BrS. CONCLUSION Patient-specific hiPSC-CMs are able to recapitulate single-cell phenotype features of BrS with SCN10A mutations and may provide novel opportunities to further elucidate the cellular disease mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim El-Battrawy
- First Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim and Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Albers
- First Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim and Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Cyganek
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim and Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Stem Cell Unit, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zhihan Zhao
- First Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim and Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Huan Lan
- First Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim and Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Li
- First Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Qiang Xu
- First Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mandy Kleinsorge
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim and Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Stem Cell Unit, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mengying Huang
- First Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Zhenxing Liao
- First Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rujia Zhong
- First Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Boris Rudic
- First Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jonas Müller
- First Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hendrik Dinkel
- First Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Siegfried Lang
- First Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim and Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim and Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jochen Utikal
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim and Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Wieland
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim and Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martin Borggrefe
- First Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim and Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- First Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim and Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ibrahim Akin
- First Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim and Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Zhang Y, Xie X, Hu J, Afreen KS, Zhang CL, Zhuge Q, Yang J. Prospects of Directly Reprogrammed Adult Human Neurons for Neurodegenerative Disease Modeling and Drug Discovery: iN vs. iPSCs Models. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:546484. [PMID: 33328842 PMCID: PMC7710799 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.546484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A reliable disease model is critical to the study of specific disease mechanisms as well as for the discovery and development of new drugs. Despite providing crucial insights into the mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases, translation of this information to develop therapeutics in clinical trials have been unsuccessful. Reprogramming technology to convert adult somatic cells to induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) or directly reprogramming adult somatic cells to induced Neurons (iN), has allowed for the creation of better models to understand the molecular mechanisms and design of new drugs. In recent times, iPSC technology has been commonly used for modeling neurodegenerative diseases and drug discovery. However, several technological challenges have limited the application of iN. As evidence suggests, iN for the modeling of neurodegenerative disorders is advantageous compared to those derived from iPSCs. In this review, we will compare iPSCs and iN models for neurodegenerative diseases and their potential applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinyang Xie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,International Department of The Affiliated High School of South China Normal University (HFI), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangnan Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Kazi Sabrina Afreen
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Chun-Li Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Qichuan Zhuge
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianjing Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Insulin/Glucose-Responsive Cells Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Disease Modeling and Treatment of Diabetes. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112465. [PMID: 33198288 PMCID: PMC7696367 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells and insulin resistance in peripheral organs, accounts for more than 90% of all diabetes. Despite current developments of new drugs and strategies to prevent/treat diabetes, there is no ideal therapy targeting all aspects of the disease. Restoration, however, of insulin-producing β-cells, as well as insulin-responsive cells, would be a logical strategy for the treatment of diabetes. In recent years, generation of transplantable cells derived from stem cells in vitro has emerged as an important research area. Pluripotent stem cells, either embryonic or induced, are alternative and feasible sources of insulin-secreting and glucose-responsive cells. This notwithstanding, consistent generation of robust glucose/insulin-responsive cells remains challenging. In this review, we describe basic concepts of the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells and subsequent differentiation of these into pancreatic β-like cells, myotubes, as well as adipocyte- and hepatocyte-like cells. Use of these for modeling of human disease is now feasible, while development of replacement therapies requires continued efforts.
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Hu X, Wu Q, Zhang J, Kim J, Chen X, Hartman AA, Eastman AE, Park IH, Guo S. Reprogramming progressive cells display low CAG promoter activity. STEM CELLS (DAYTON, OHIO) 2020; 39:43-54. [PMID: 33075202 PMCID: PMC7821215 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
There is wide variability in the propensity of somatic cells to reprogram into pluripotency in response to the Yamanaka factors. How to segregate these variabilities to enrich for cells of specific traits that reprogram efficiently remains challenging. Here we report that the variability in reprogramming propensity is associated with the activity of the MKL1/SRF transcription factor and concurs with small cell size as well as rapid cell cycle. Reprogramming progressive cells can be prospectively identified by their low activity of a widely used synthetic promoter, CAG. CAGlow cells arise and expand during cell cycle acceleration in the early reprogramming culture of both mouse and human fibroblasts. Our work illustrates a molecular scenario underlying the distinct reprogramming propensities and demonstrates a convenient practical approach for their enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hu
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Qiao Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jonghun Kim
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xinyue Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Amaleah A Hartman
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Anna E Eastman
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - In-Hyun Park
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shangqin Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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The lubricating effect of iPS-reprogrammed fibroblasts on collagen-GAG scaffolds for cartilage repair applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 114:104174. [PMID: 33191173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering products, like collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, have been successfully applied to chondrogenic defects. Inducible Pluripotent Stem cell (iPS) technology allows reprograming of somatic cells into an embryonic-like state, allowing for redifferentiation. We postulated that a fibroblast cell line (BJ cells - 'pre-iPSF') cycled through iPS reprogramming and redifferentiated into fibroblasts (post-iPSF) could lubricate collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds; fibroblasts are known to produce lubricating molecules (e.g., lubricin) in the synovium. Herein, we quantified the coefficient of friction (CoF) of collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds seeded with post-iPSF; tested whether cell-free scaffolds made of post-iPSF derived extracellular matrix had reduced friction vs. pre-iPSF; and assessed lubricin quantity as a possible protein responsible for lubrication. Post-iPSF seeded CG had 6- to 10-fold lower CoF versus pre-iPSF. Scaffolds consisting of a collagen and pre-/post-iPSF extracellular matrix blend outperformed these cell-seeded scaffolds (~5-fold lower CoF), yielding excellent CoF values close to synovial fluid. Staining revealed an increased presence of lubricin within post-iPSF scaffolds (confirmed by western blotting) and on the surface of iPSF-seeded collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds. Interestingly, when primary cells from patient biopsy-derived fibroblasts were used, iPS reprogramming did not further reduce the already low CoF of these cells and no lubricin expression was found. We conclude that iPS reprogramming activates lubricating properties in iPS-derived cells in a source cell-specific manner. Additionally, lubricin appears to play a lubricating role, yet other proteins also contribute to lubrication. This work constitutes an important step for understanding post-iPSF lubrication of scaffolds and its potential for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Sanicola HW, Stewart CE, Mueller M, Ahmadi F, Wang D, Powell SK, Sarkar K, Cutbush K, Woodruff MA, Brafman DA. Guidelines for establishing a 3-D printing biofabrication laboratory. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 45:107652. [PMID: 33122013 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Advanced manufacturing and 3D printing are transformative technologies currently undergoing rapid adoption in healthcare, a traditionally non-manufacturing sector. Recent development in this field, largely enabled by merging different disciplines, has led to important clinical applications from anatomical models to regenerative bioscaffolding and devices. Although much research to-date has focussed on materials, designs, processes, and products, little attention has been given to the design and requirements of facilities for enabling clinically relevant biofabrication solutions. These facilities are critical to overcoming the major hurdles to clinical translation, including solving important issues such as reproducibility, quality control, regulations, and commercialization. To improve process uniformity and ensure consistent development and production, large-scale manufacturing of engineered tissues and organs will require standardized facilities, equipment, qualification processes, automation, and information systems. This review presents current and forward-thinking guidelines to help design biofabrication laboratories engaged in engineering model and tissue constructs for therapeutic and non-therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry W Sanicola
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4006, Australia
| | - Caleb E Stewart
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA.
| | | | - Farzad Ahmadi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Youngstown State University, Youngstown, OH 44555, USA
| | - Dadong Wang
- Quantitative Imaging Research Team, Data61, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Marsfield, NSW 2122, Australia
| | - Sean K Powell
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4029, Australia
| | - Korak Sarkar
- M3D Laboratory, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA
| | - Kenneth Cutbush
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4006, Australia
| | - Maria A Woodruff
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4029, Australia.
| | - David A Brafman
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
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Nasser MI, Qi X, Zhu S, He Y, Zhao M, Guo H, Zhu P. Current situation and future of stem cells in cardiovascular medicine. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110813. [PMID: 33068940 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Currently, many methods have been proposed by researchers for the prevention and treatment of CVD; among them, stem cell-based therapies are the most promising. As the cells of origin for various mature cells, stem cells have the ability to self-renew and differentiate. Stem cells have a powerful ability to regenerate biologically, self-repair, and enhance damaged functional tissues or organs. Allogeneic stem cells and somatic stem cells are two types of cells that can be used for cardiac repair. Theoretically, dilated cardiomyopathy and acute myocardial infarction can be treated with such cells. In addition, stem cell transplantation procedures, including intravenous, epicardial, cardiac, and endocardial injections, have been reported to provide significant benefits in clinical practice; however, there are still a number of issues that need further study and consideration, such as the form and quantity of transplanted cells and post-transplantation health. The goal of this analysis was to summarize the recent advances in stem cell-based therapies and their efficacy in cardiovascular regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Nasser
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China. Address: 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Xiao Qi
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China. Address: 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Shuoji Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China. Address: 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Yin He
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China. Address: 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China. Address: 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Huiming Guo
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China. Address: 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China. Address: 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China.
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Vidal SE, Polyzos A, Chatterjee K, Ee LS, Swanzey E, Morales-Valencia J, Wang H, Parikh CN, Amlani B, Tu S, Gong Y, Snetkova V, Skok JA, Tsirigos A, Kim S, Apostolou E, Stadtfeld M. Context-Dependent Requirement of Euchromatic Histone Methyltransferase Activity during Reprogramming to Pluripotency. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:1233-1245. [PMID: 32976761 PMCID: PMC7724475 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylation of histone 3 at lysine 9 (H3K9) constitutes a roadblock for cellular reprogramming. Interference with methyltransferases or activation of demethylases by the cofactor ascorbic acid (AA) facilitates the derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), but possible interactions between specific methyltransferases and AA treatment remain insufficiently explored. We show that chemical inhibition of the methyltransferases EHMT1 and EHMT2 counteracts iPSC formation in an enhanced reprogramming system in the presence of AA, an effect that is dependent on EHMT1. EHMT inhibition during enhanced reprogramming is associated with rapid loss of H3K9 dimethylation, inefficient downregulation of somatic genes, and failed mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. Furthermore, transient EHMT inhibition during reprogramming yields iPSCs that fail to efficiently give rise to viable mice upon blastocyst injection. Our observations establish novel functions of H3K9 methyltransferases and suggest that a functional balance between AA-stimulated enzymes and EHMTs supports efficient and less error-prone iPSC reprogramming to pluripotency. EHMT function during mouse cell reprogramming is modulated by ascorbic acid (AA) EHMT inhibition counteracts reprogramming in the presence of AA EHMT inhibition in the presence of AA results in global erasure of H3K9 dimethylation Cells reprogrammed in the presence of EHMT inhibitor are functionally impaired
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon E Vidal
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Pharma Technical Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Alexander Polyzos
- Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Kaushiki Chatterjee
- Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Ly-Sha Ee
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Emily Swanzey
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Jorge Morales-Valencia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Hongsu Wang
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Chaitanya N Parikh
- Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Bhishma Amlani
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Shengjiang Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yixiao Gong
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Valentina Snetkova
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jane A Skok
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Aristotelis Tsirigos
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sangyong Kim
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Office for Collaborative Science, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Effie Apostolou
- Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Matthias Stadtfeld
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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