1
|
Mortimer T, Zinna VM, Atalay M, Laudanna C, Deryagin O, Posas G, Smith JG, García-Lara E, Vaca-Dempere M, Monteiro de Assis LV, Heyde I, Koronowski KB, Petrus P, Greco CM, Forrow S, Oster H, Sassone-Corsi P, Welz PS, Muñoz-Cánoves P, Benitah SA. The epidermal circadian clock integrates and subverts brain signals to guarantee skin homeostasis. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:834-849.e4. [PMID: 38701785 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
In mammals, the circadian clock network drives daily rhythms of tissue-specific homeostasis. To dissect daily inter-tissue communication, we constructed a mouse minimal clock network comprising only two nodes: the peripheral epidermal clock and the central brain clock. By transcriptomic and functional characterization of this isolated connection, we identified a gatekeeping function of the peripheral tissue clock with respect to systemic inputs. The epidermal clock concurrently integrates and subverts brain signals to ensure timely execution of epidermal daily physiology. Timely cell-cycle termination in the epidermal stem cell compartment depends upon incorporation of clock-driven signals originating from the brain. In contrast, the epidermal clock corrects or outcompetes potentially disruptive feeding-related signals to ensure the optimal timing of DNA replication. Together, we present an approach for cataloging the systemic dependencies of daily temporal organization in a tissue and identify an essential gate-keeping function of peripheral circadian clocks that guarantees tissue homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Mortimer
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Valentina M Zinna
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Muge Atalay
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmelo Laudanna
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oleg Deryagin
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillem Posas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jacob G Smith
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Elisa García-Lara
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Vaca-Dempere
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Heyde
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kevin B Koronowski
- Department of Biochemistry & Structural Biology, Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Paul Petrus
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carolina M Greco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcinni 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Stephen Forrow
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Patrick-Simon Welz
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Cancer Research Programme, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pura Muñoz-Cánoves
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain; Altos Labs Inc, San Diego Institute of Science, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Salvador Aznar Benitah
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bigliardi P, Junnarkar S, Markale C, Lo S, Bigliardi E, Kalyuzhny A, Ong S, Dunn R, Wahli W, Bigliardi-Qi M. The Opioid Receptor Influences Circadian Rhythms in Human Keratinocytes through the β-Arrestin Pathway. Cells 2024; 13:232. [PMID: 38334624 PMCID: PMC10854934 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent emphasis on circadian rhythmicity in critical skin cell functions related to homeostasis, regeneration and aging has shed light on the importance of the PER2 circadian clock gene as a vital antitumor gene. Furthermore, delta-opioid receptors (DOPrs) have been identified as playing a crucial role in skin differentiation, proliferation and migration, which are not only essential for wound healing but also contribute to cancer development. In this study, we propose a significant association between cutaneous opioid receptor (OPr) activity and circadian rhythmicity. To investigate this link, we conducted a 48 h circadian rhythm experiment, during which RNA samples were collected every 5 h. We discovered that the activation of DOPr by its endogenous agonist Met-Enkephalin in N/TERT-1 keratinocytes, synchronized by dexamethasone, resulted in a statistically significant 5.6 h delay in the expression of the core clock gene PER2. Confocal microscopy further confirmed the simultaneous nuclear localization of the DOPr-β-arrestin-1 complex. Additionally, DOPr activation not only enhanced but also induced a phase shift in the rhythmic binding of β-arrestin-1 to the PER2 promoter. Furthermore, we observed that β-arrestin-1 regulates the transcription of its target genes, including PER2, by facilitating histone-4 acetylation. Through the ChIP assay, we determined that Met-Enkephalin enhances β-arrestin-1 binding to acetylated H4 in the PER2 promoter. In summary, our findings suggest that DOPr activation leads to a phase shift in PER2 expression via β-arrestin-1-facilitated chromatin remodeling. Consequently, these results indicate that DOPr, much like its role in wound healing, may also play a part in cancer development by influencing PER2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Bigliardi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA (C.M.)
- Stem Cell Institue, McGuire Translational Research Facility, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Seetanshu Junnarkar
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138632, Singapore; (S.J.); (S.O.); (R.D.)
| | - Chinmay Markale
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA (C.M.)
- Stem Cell Institue, McGuire Translational Research Facility, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sydney Lo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA (C.M.)
- Stem Cell Institue, McGuire Translational Research Facility, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Elena Bigliardi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA (C.M.)
- Stem Cell Institue, McGuire Translational Research Facility, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Alex Kalyuzhny
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Sheena Ong
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138632, Singapore; (S.J.); (S.O.); (R.D.)
| | - Ray Dunn
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138632, Singapore; (S.J.); (S.O.); (R.D.)
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore;
| | - Walter Wahli
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore;
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1331, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ToxAlim, 31000 Toulouse, France
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mei Bigliardi-Qi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA (C.M.)
- Stem Cell Institue, McGuire Translational Research Facility, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lamnis L, Christofi C, Stark A, Palm H, Roemer K, Vogt T, Reichrath J. Differential Regulation of Circadian Clock Genes by UV-B Radiation and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D: A Pilot Study during Different Stages of Skin Photocarcinogenesis. Nutrients 2024; 16:254. [PMID: 38257148 PMCID: PMC10820546 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence points at an important physiological role of the timekeeping system, known as the circadian clock (CC), regulating not only our sleep-awake rhythm but additionally many other cellular processes in peripheral tissues. It was shown in various cell types that environmental stressors, including ultraviolet B radiation (UV-B), modulate the expression of genes that regulate the CC (CCGs) and that these CCGs modulate susceptibility for UV-B-induced cellular damage. It was the aim of this pilot study to gain further insights into the CCs' putative role for UV-B-induced photocarcinogenesis of skin cancer. METHODS Applying RT-PCR, we analyzed the expression of two core CCGs (brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (Bmal1) and Period-2 (Per2)) over several time points (0-60 h) in HaCaT cells with and without 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (D3) and/or UV-B and conducted a cosinor analysis to evaluate the effects of those conditions on the circadian rhythm and an extended mixed-effects linear modeling to account for both fixed effects of experimental conditions and random inter-individual variability. Next, we investigated the expression of these two genes in keratinocytes representing different stages of skin photocarcinogenesis, comparing normal (Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes-NHEK; p53 wild type), precancerous (HaCaT keratinocytes; mutated p53 status), and malignant (Squamous Cell Carcinoma SCL-1; p53 null status) keratinocytes after 12 h under the same conditions. RESULTS We demonstrated that in HaCaT cells, Bmal1 showed a robust circadian rhythm, while the evidence for Per2 was limited. Overall expression of both genes, but especially for Bmal1, was increased following UV-B treatment, while Per2 showed a suppressed overall expression following D3. Both UVB and 1,25(OH)2D3 suggested a significant phase shift for Bmal1 (p < 0.05 for the acrophase), while no specific effect on the amplitude could be evidenced. Differential effects on the expression of BMAL1 and Per2 were found when we compared different treatment modalities (UV-B and/or D3) or cell types (NHEK, HaCaT, and SCL-1 cells). CONCLUSIONS Comparing epidermal keratinocytes representing different stages of skin photocarcinogenesis, we provide further evidence for an independently operating timekeeping system in human skin, which is regulated by UV-B and disturbed during skin photocarcinogenesis. Our finding that this pattern of circadian rhythm was differentially altered by treatment with UV-B, as compared with treatment with D3, does not support the hypothesis that the expression of these CCGs may be regulated via UV-B-induced synthesis of vitamin D but might be introducing a novel photoprotective property of vitamin D through the circadian clock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leandros Lamnis
- Dermatology, University of Saarland Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (L.L.); (T.V.)
| | - Christoforos Christofi
- Dermatology, University of Saarland Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (L.L.); (T.V.)
| | - Alexandra Stark
- Dermatology, University of Saarland Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (L.L.); (T.V.)
| | - Heike Palm
- Dermatology, University of Saarland Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (L.L.); (T.V.)
| | - Klaus Roemer
- José Carreras Center and Internal Medicine I, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogt
- Dermatology, University of Saarland Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (L.L.); (T.V.)
| | - Jörg Reichrath
- Dermatology, University of Saarland Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (L.L.); (T.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Draijer S, Timmerman R, Pannekeet J, van Harten A, Farshadi EA, Kemmer J, van Gilst D, Chaves I, Hoekman MFM. FoxO3 Modulates Circadian Rhythms in Neural Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13662. [PMID: 37686468 PMCID: PMC10563086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Both FoxO transcription factors and the circadian clock act on the interface of metabolism and cell cycle regulation and are important regulators of cellular stress and stem cell homeostasis. Importantly, FoxO3 preserves the adult neural stem cell population by regulating cell cycle and cellular metabolism and has been shown to regulate circadian rhythms in the liver. However, whether FoxO3 is a regulator of circadian rhythms in neural stem cells remains unknown. Here, we show that loss of FoxO3 disrupts circadian rhythmicity in cultures of neural stem cells, an effect that is mediated via regulation of Clock transcriptional levels. Using Rev-Erbα-VNP as a reporter, we then demonstrate that loss of FoxO3 does not disrupt circadian rhythmicity at the single cell level. A meta-analysis of published data revealed dynamic co-occupancy of multiple circadian clock components within FoxO3 regulatory regions, indicating that FoxO3 is a Clock-controlled gene. Finally, we examined proliferation in the hippocampus of FoxO3-deficient mice and found that loss of FoxO3 delayed the circadian phase of hippocampal proliferation, indicating that FoxO3 regulates correct timing of NSC proliferation. Taken together, our data suggest that FoxO3 is an integral part of circadian regulation of neural stem cell homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swip Draijer
- Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.F.M.H.)
| | - Raissa Timmerman
- Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.F.M.H.)
| | - Jesse Pannekeet
- Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.F.M.H.)
| | - Alexandra van Harten
- Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.F.M.H.)
| | - Elham Aida Farshadi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julius Kemmer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Demy van Gilst
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inês Chaves
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco F. M. Hoekman
- Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.F.M.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kiperman T, Li W, Xiong X, Li H, Horne D, Ma K. Targeted screening and identification of chlorhexidine as a pro-myogenic circadian clock activator. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:190. [PMID: 37525228 PMCID: PMC10391781 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The circadian clock is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that exerts pervasive temporal control in stem cell behavior. This time-keeping machinery is required for orchestrating myogenic progenitor properties in regenerative myogenesis that ameliorates muscular dystrophy. Here we report a screening platform to discover circadian clock modulators that promote myogenesis and identify chlorhexidine (CHX) as a clock-activating molecule with pro-myogenic activities. METHODS A high-throughput molecular docking pipeline was applied to identify compounds with a structural fit for a hydrophobic pocket within the key circadian transcription factor protein, Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (CLOCK). These identified molecules were further screened for clock-modulatory activities and functional validations for pro-myogenic properties. RESULTS CHX was identified as a clock activator that promotes distinct aspects of myogenesis. CHX activated circadian clock that reduced cycling period length and augmented amplitude. This action was mediated by the targeted CLOCK structure via augmented interaction with heterodimer partner Bmal1, leading to enhanced CLOCK/Bmal1-controlled transcription with upregulation of core clock genes. Consistent with its clock-activating function, CHX displayed robust effects on stimulating myogenic differentiation in a clock-dependent manner. In addition, CHX augmented the proliferative and migratory activities of myoblasts. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of a screening platform to discover clock modulators with myogenic regulatory activities. Discovery of CHX as a pro-myogenic molecule could be applicable to promote regenerative capacities in ameliorating dystrophic or degenerative muscle diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tali Kiperman
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Weini Li
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Xuekai Xiong
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Hongzhi Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - David Horne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gao T, Li Y, Wang X, Ren F. The Melatonin-Mitochondrial Axis: Engaging the Repercussions of Ultraviolet Radiation Photoaging on the Skin's Circadian Rhythm. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051000. [PMID: 37237866 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sunlight is a vital element in modulating the central circadian rhythm, such as the regulation of the host's sleep-awake state. Sunlight is also considered to have a significant influence on the circadian rhythm of the skin. Over-exposure or prolonged exposure to sunlight can lead to skin photodamage, including hyperpigmentation, collagen degradation, fibrosis, and even skin cancer. Thus, this review will focus on the adverse effects of sunlight on the skin, not only in terms of photoaging but also its effect on the skin's circadian rhythm. Mitochondrial melatonin, regarded as a beneficial anti-aging substance for the skin, follows a circadian rhythm and exhibits a powerful anti-oxidative capacity, which has been shown to be associated with skin function. Thus, the review will focus on the influence of sunlight on skin status, not only in terms of ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced oxidative stress but also its mediation of circadian rhythms regulating skin homeostasis. In addition, this article will address issues regarding how best to unleash the biological potential of melatonin. These findings about the circadian rhythms of the skin have broadened the horizon of a whole new dimension in our comprehension of the molecular mechanisms of the skin and are likely to help pharmaceutical companies to develop more effective products that not only inhibit photoaging but keep valid and relevant throughout the day in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gao
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Salazar A, von Hagen J. Circadian Oscillations in Skin and Their Interconnection with the Cycle of Life. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065635. [PMID: 36982706 PMCID: PMC10051430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodically oscillating biological processes, such as circadian rhythms, are carefully concerted events that are only beginning to be understood in the context of tissue pathology and organismal health, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions. Recent reports indicate that light can independently entrain peripheral circadian clocks, challenging the currently prevalent hierarchical model. Despite the recent progress that has been made, a comprehensive overview of these periodic processes in skin is lacking in the literature. In this review, molecular circadian clock machinery and the factors that govern it have been highlighted. Circadian rhythm is closely linked to immunological processes and skin homeostasis, and its desynchrony can be linked to the perturbation of the skin. The interplay between circadian rhythm and annual, seasonal oscillations, as well as the impact of these periodic events on the skin, is described. Finally, the changes that occur in the skin over a lifespan are presented. This work encourages further research into the oscillating biological processes occurring in the skin and lays the foundation for future strategies to combat the adverse effects of desynchrony, which would likely have implications in other tissues influenced by periodic oscillatory processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Salazar
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Jörg von Hagen
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
- Department of Life Science Engineering, University Applied Sciences, Wiesenstrasse 14, 35390 Gießen, Germany
- ryon—GreenTech Accelerator Gernsheim GmbH, Mainzer Str. 41, 64579 Gernsheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Webb AJ, Harper E, Rattay T, Aguado-Barrera ME, Azria D, Bourgier C, Brengues M, Briers E, Bultijnck R, Chang-Claude J, Choudhury A, Cicchetti A, De Ruysscher D, De Santis MC, Dunning AM, Elliott RM, Fachal L, Gómez-Caamaño A, Gutiérrez-Enríquez S, Johnson K, Lobato-Busto R, Kerns SL, Post G, Rancati T, Reyes V, Rosenstein BS, Seibold P, Seoane A, Sosa-Fajardo P, Sperk E, Taboada-Valladares B, Valdagni R, Vega A, Veldeman L, Ward T, West CM, Symonds RP, Talbot CJ. Treatment time and circadian genotype interact to influence radiotherapy side-effects. A prospective European validation study using the REQUITE cohort. EBioMedicine 2022; 84:104269. [PMID: 36130474 PMCID: PMC9486558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian rhythm impacts broad biological processes, including response to cancer treatment. Evidence conflicts on whether treatment time affects risk of radiotherapy side-effects, likely because of differing time analyses and target tissues. We previously showed interactive effects of time and genotypes of circadian genes on late toxicity after breast radiotherapy and aimed to validate those results in a multi-centre cohort. METHODS Clinical and genotype data from 1690 REQUITE breast cancer patients were used with erythema (acute; n=340) and breast atrophy (two years post-radiotherapy; n=514) as primary endpoints. Local datetimes per fraction were converted into solar times as predictors. Genetic chronotype markers were included in logistic regressions to identify primary endpoint predictors. FINDINGS Significant predictors for erythema included BMI, radiation dose and PER3 genotype (OR 1.27(95%CI 1.03-1.56); P < 0.03). Effect of treatment time effect on acute toxicity was inconclusive, with no interaction between time and genotype. For late toxicity (breast atrophy), predictors included BMI, radiation dose, surgery type, treatment time and SNPs in CLOCK (OR 0.62 (95%CI 0.4-0.9); P < 0.01), PER3 (OR 0.65 (95%CI 0.44-0.97); P < 0.04) and RASD1 (OR 0.56 (95%CI 0.35-0.89); P < 0.02). There was a statistically significant interaction between time and genotypes of circadian rhythm genes (CLOCK OR 1.13 (95%CI 1.03-1.23), P < 0.01; PER3 OR 1.1 (95%CI 1.01-1.2), P < 0.04; RASD1 OR 1.15 (95%CI 1.04-1.28), P < 0.008), with peak time for toxicity determined by genotype. INTERPRETATION Late atrophy can be mitigated by selecting optimal treatment time according to circadian genotypes (e.g. treat PER3 rs2087947C/C genotypes in mornings; T/T in afternoons). We predict triple-homozygous patients (14%) reduce chance of atrophy from 70% to 33% by treating in mornings as opposed to mid-afternoon. Future clinical trials could stratify patients treated at optimal times compared to those scheduled normally. FUNDING EU-FP7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Webb
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Emily Harper
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Tim Rattay
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Miguel E Aguado-Barrera
- Fundación Pública Galega Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - David Azria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montpellier Cancer Institute, Université Montpellier, Inserm U1194, Montpellier, France
| | - Celine Bourgier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montpellier Cancer Institute, Université Montpellier, Inserm U1194, Montpellier, France
| | - Muriel Brengues
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Inserm U1194, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Renée Bultijnck
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ananya Choudhury
- Translational Radiobiology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Alessandro Cicchetti
- Prostate Cancer Program, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Dirk De Ruysscher
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro clinic), GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Carmen De Santis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rebecca M Elliott
- Translational Radiobiology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Laura Fachal
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Antonio Gómez-Caamaño
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Radiation Oncology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sara Gutiérrez-Enríquez
- Hereditary Cancer Genetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kerstie Johnson
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ramón Lobato-Busto
- Department of Medical Physics, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sarah L Kerns
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, NY, United States
| | - Giselle Post
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tiziana Rancati
- Prostate Cancer Program, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Victoria Reyes
- Radiation Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barry S Rosenstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Petra Seibold
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alejandro Seoane
- Medical Physics Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paloma Sosa-Fajardo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Radiation Oncology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Elena Sperk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Begoña Taboada-Valladares
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Radiation Oncology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Riccardo Valdagni
- Prostate Cancer Program, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Department of Radiation Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Haematology-Oncology, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Ana Vega
- Fundación Pública Galega Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Biomedical Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Spain
| | - Liv Veldeman
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Radiation Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim Ward
- Patient advocate, NCRI CTRad consumer, UK
| | - Catharine M West
- Translational Radiobiology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - R Paul Symonds
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu X, Chiu JC. Nutrient-sensitive protein O-GlcNAcylation shapes daily biological rhythms. Open Biol 2022; 12:220215. [PMID: 36099933 PMCID: PMC9470261 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
O-linked-N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is a nutrient-sensitive protein modification that alters the structure and function of a wide range of proteins involved in diverse cellular processes. Similar to phosphorylation, another protein modification that targets serine and threonine residues, O-GlcNAcylation occupancy on cellular proteins exhibits daily rhythmicity and has been shown to play critical roles in regulating daily rhythms in biology by modifying circadian clock proteins and downstream effectors. We recently reported that daily rhythm in global O-GlcNAcylation observed in Drosophila tissues is regulated via the integration of circadian and metabolic signals. Significantly, mistimed feeding, which disrupts coordination of these signals, is sufficient to dampen daily O-GlcNAcylation rhythm and is predicted to negatively impact animal biological rhythms and health span. In this review, we provide an overview of published and potential mechanisms by which metabolic and circadian signals regulate hexosamine biosynthetic pathway metabolites and enzymes, as well as O-GlcNAc processing enzymes to shape daily O-GlcNAcylation rhythms. We also discuss the significance of functional interactions between O-GlcNAcylation and other post-translational modifications in regulating biological rhythms. Finally, we highlight organ/tissue-specific cellular processes and molecular pathways that could be modulated by rhythmic O-GlcNAcylation to regulate time-of-day-specific biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianhui Liu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joanna C. Chiu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lee JY, Jung E, Yeo H, Ahn SS, Lim Y, Lee YH. The Natural Janus Kinase Inhibitor Agerarin Downregulates Interleukin-4-Induced PER2 Expression in HaCaT Keratinocytes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134205. [PMID: 35807451 PMCID: PMC9268509 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock system is closely associated with inflammatory responses. Dysregulation of the circadian clock genes in the skin impairs the skin barrier function and affects the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis. Interleukin 4 (IL-4) is a proinflammatory cytokine derived from T-helper type 2 cells; it plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Agerarin (6,7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene) is a natural JAK1/2/3 inhibitor isolated from Ageratum houstonianum that has a protective effect on the epidermal skin barrier. However, it remains unclear whether agerarin affects the circadian clock system. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of agerarin on IL-4-induced PER2 gene expression in human keratinocytes through reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), immunoblotting, immunofluorescence microscopic analysis, and real-time bioluminescence analysis. We found that agerarin reduced IL-4-induced PER2 mRNA expression by suppressing the JAK-STAT3 pathway. In addition, real-time bioluminescence analysis in PER2:luc2p promoter-reporter cells revealed that agerarin restored the oscillatory rhythmicity of PER2 promoter activity altered by IL-4. These findings suggest that agerarin may be useful as a cosmeceutical agent against inflammatory skin conditions associated with disrupted circadian rhythms, such as atopic dermatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Yeon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sanghuh College of Lifesciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.Y.L.); (E.J.); (H.Y.); (S.S.A.)
| | - Euitaek Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sanghuh College of Lifesciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.Y.L.); (E.J.); (H.Y.); (S.S.A.)
| | - Hyunjin Yeo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sanghuh College of Lifesciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.Y.L.); (E.J.); (H.Y.); (S.S.A.)
| | - Sung Shin Ahn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sanghuh College of Lifesciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.Y.L.); (E.J.); (H.Y.); (S.S.A.)
| | - Yoongho Lim
- Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology, BMIC, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Young Han Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sanghuh College of Lifesciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.Y.L.); (E.J.); (H.Y.); (S.S.A.)
- Cancer and Metabolism Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2049-6115
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gao W, Li R, Ye M, Zhang L, Zheng J, Yang Y, Wei X, Zhao Q. The circadian clock has roles in mesenchymal stem cell fate decision. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:200. [PMID: 35578353 PMCID: PMC9109355 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02878-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock refers to the intrinsic biological rhythms of physiological functions and behaviours. It synergises with the solar cycle and has profound effects on normal metabolism and organismal fitness. Recent studies have suggested that the circadian clock exerts great influence on the differentiation of stem cells. Here, we focus on the close relationship between the circadian clock and mesenchymal stem cell fate decisions in the skeletal system. The underlying mechanisms include hormone signals and the activation and repression of different transcription factors under circadian regulation. Additionally, the clock interacts with epigenetic modifiers and non-coding RNAs and is even involved in chromatin remodelling. Although the specificity and safety of circadian therapy need to be further studied, the circadian regulation of stem cells can be regarded as a promising candidate for health improvement and disease prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Meilin Ye
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Lanxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiawen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
A time to heal: microRNA and circadian dynamics in cutaneous wound repair. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:579-597. [PMID: 35445708 PMCID: PMC9069467 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many biological systems have evolved circadian rhythms based on the daily cycles of daylight and darkness on Earth. Such rhythms are synchronised or entrained to 24-h cycles, predominantly by light, and disruption of the normal circadian rhythms has been linked to elevation of multiple health risks. The skin serves as a protective barrier to prevent microbial infection and maintain homoeostasis of the underlying tissue and the whole organism. However, in chronic non-healing wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), pressure sores, venous and arterial ulcers, a variety of factors conspire to prevent wound repair. On the other hand, keloids and hypertrophic scars arise from overactive repair mechanisms that fail to cease in a timely fashion, leading to excessive production of extracellular matrix (ECM) components such as such as collagen. Recent years have seen huge increases in our understanding of the functions of microRNAs (miRNAs) in wound repair. Concomitantly, there has been growing recognition of miRNA roles in circadian processes, either as regulators or targets of clock activity or direct responders to external circadian stimuli. In addition, miRNAs are now known to function as intercellular signalling mediators through extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this review, we explore the intersection of mechanisms by which circadian and miRNA responses interact with each other in relation to wound repair in the skin, using keratinocytes, macrophages and fibroblasts as exemplars. We highlight areas for further investigation to support the development of translational insights to support circadian medicine in the context of these cells.
Collapse
|
13
|
Tartour K, Padmanabhan K. The Clock Takes Shape-24 h Dynamics in Genome Topology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:799971. [PMID: 35047508 PMCID: PMC8762244 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.799971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms orchestrate organismal physiology and behavior in order to anticipate daily changes in the environment. Virtually all cells have an internal rhythm that is synchronized every day by Zeitgebers (environmental cues). The synchrony between clocks within the animal enables the fitness and the health of organisms. Conversely, disruption of rhythms is linked to a variety of disorders: aging, cancer, metabolic diseases, and psychological disorders among others. At the cellular level, mammalian circadian rhythms are built on several layers of complexity. The transcriptional-translational feedback loop (TTFL) was the first to be described in the 90s. Thereafter oscillations in epigenetic marks highlighted the role of chromatin state in organizing the TTFL. More recently, studies on the 3D organization of the genome suggest that genome topology could be yet another layer of control on cellular circadian rhythms. The dynamic nature of genome topology over a solar day implies that the 3D mammalian genome has to be considered in the fourth dimension-in time. Whether oscillations in genome topology are a consequence of 24 h gene-expression or a driver of transcriptional cycles remains an open question. All said and done, circadian clock-gated phenomena such as gene expression, DNA damage response, cell metabolism and animal behavior-go hand in hand with 24 h rhythms in genome topology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Tartour
- Institut de Genomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - Kiran Padmanabhan
- Institut de Genomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Solá P, Zinna VM. Isolation and Sorting of Epidermal Interfollicular Stem Cells for the Study of Circadian Rhythms. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2482:243-253. [PMID: 35610431 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2249-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal and interfollicular stem cell proliferation and differentiation are controlled in a circadian manner, in order to anticipate the daily environmental challenges. For this reason, examining the circadian transcriptome of interfollicular stem cells has become a central technique for functional skin studies. In this chapter, we describe a widely adopted protocol for the isolation and analysis of circadian rhythms in adult stem cells of the epidermis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Solá
- Stem Cells and Cancer Laboratory, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Valentina M Zinna
- Stem Cells and Cancer Laboratory, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Stenger S, Grasshoff H, Hundt JE, Lange T. Potential effects of shift work on skin autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1000951. [PMID: 36865523 PMCID: PMC9972893 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1000951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Shift work is associated with systemic chronic inflammation, impaired host and tumor defense and dysregulated immune responses to harmless antigens such as allergens or auto-antigens. Thus, shift workers are at higher risk to develop a systemic autoimmune disease and circadian disruption with sleep impairment seem to be the key underlying mechanisms. Presumably, disturbances of the sleep-wake cycle also drive skin-specific autoimmune diseases, but epidemiological and experimental evidence so far is scarce. This review summarizes the effects of shift work, circadian misalignment, poor sleep, and the effect of potential hormonal mediators such as stress mediators or melatonin on skin barrier functions and on innate and adaptive skin immunity. Human studies as well as animal models were considered. We will also address advantages and potential pitfalls in animal models of shift work, and possible confounders that could drive skin autoimmune diseases in shift workers such as adverse lifestyle habits and psychosocial influences. Finally, we will outline feasible countermeasures that may reduce the risk of systemic and skin autoimmunity in shift workers, as well as treatment options and highlight outstanding questions that should be addressed in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Stenger
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hanna Grasshoff
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jennifer Elisabeth Hundt
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tanja Lange
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Circadian Alterations Increase with Progression in a Patient-Derived Cell Culture Model of Breast Cancer. Clocks Sleep 2021; 3:598-608. [PMID: 34842634 PMCID: PMC8628750 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep3040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm disruption can elicit the development of various diseases, including breast cancer. While studies have used cell lines to study correlations between altered circadian rhythms and cancer, these models have different genetic backgrounds and do not mirror the changes that occur with disease development. Isogenic cell models can recapitulate changes across cancer progression. Hence, in this study, a patient-derived breast cancer model, the 21T series, was used to evaluate changes to circadian oscillations of core clock protein transcription as cells progress from normal to malignant states. Three cell lines were used: H16N2 (normal breast epithelium), 21PT (atypical ductal hyperplasia), and 21MT-1 (invasive metastatic carcinoma). The cancerous cells are both HER2+. We assessed the transcriptional profiles of two core clock proteins, BMAL1 and PER2, which represent a positive and negative component of the molecular oscillator. In the normal H16N2 cells, both genes possessed rhythmic mRNA oscillations with close to standard periods and phases. However, in the cancerous cells, consistent changes were observed: both genes had periods that deviated farther from normal and did not have an anti-phase relationship. In the future, mechanistic studies should be undertaken to determine the oncogenic changes responsible for the circadian alterations found.
Collapse
|
17
|
The Impact of the Circadian Clock on Skin Physiology and Cancer Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116112. [PMID: 34204077 PMCID: PMC8201366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancers are growing in incidence worldwide and are primarily caused by exposures to ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths of sunlight. UV radiation induces the formation of photoproducts and other lesions in DNA that if not removed by DNA repair may lead to mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Though the factors that cause skin carcinogenesis are reasonably well understood, studies over the past 10–15 years have linked the timing of UV exposure to DNA repair and skin carcinogenesis and implicate a role for the body’s circadian clock in UV response and disease risk. Here we review what is known about the skin circadian clock, how it affects various aspects of skin physiology, and the factors that affect circadian rhythms in the skin. Furthermore, the molecular understanding of the circadian clock has led to the development of small molecules that target clock proteins; thus, we discuss the potential use of such compounds for manipulating circadian clock-controlled processes in the skin to modulate responses to UV radiation and mitigate cancer risk.
Collapse
|
18
|
Fujimura Y, Watanabe M, Ohno K, Kobayashi Y, Takashima S, Nakamura H, Kosumi H, Wang Y, Mai Y, Lauria A, Proserpio V, Ujiie H, Iwata H, Nishie W, Nagayama M, Oliviero S, Donati G, Shimizu H, Natsuga K. Hair follicle stem cell progeny heal blisters while pausing skin development. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e50882. [PMID: 34085753 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Injury in adult tissue generally reactivates developmental programs to foster regeneration, but it is not known whether this paradigm applies to growing tissue. Here, by employing blisters, we show that epidermal wounds heal at the expense of skin development. The regenerated epidermis suppresses the expression of tissue morphogenesis genes accompanied by delayed hair follicle (HF) growth. Lineage tracing experiments, cell proliferation dynamics, and mathematical modeling reveal that the progeny of HF junctional zone stem cells, which undergo a morphological transformation, repair the blisters while not promoting HF development. In contrast, the contribution of interfollicular stem cell progeny to blister healing is small. These findings demonstrate that HF development can be sacrificed for the sake of epidermal wound regeneration. Our study elucidates the key cellular mechanism of wound healing in skin blistering diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fujimura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mika Watanabe
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Molecular Biotechnology Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Kota Ohno
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Kobayashi
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shota Takashima
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakamura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kosumi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yunan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Mai
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Andrea Lauria
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Molecular Biotechnology Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Valentina Proserpio
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Hideyuki Ujiie
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Iwata
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Wataru Nishie
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nagayama
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Salvatore Oliviero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Molecular Biotechnology Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Giacomo Donati
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Molecular Biotechnology Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ken Natsuga
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ruby CL, Major RJ, Hinrichsen RD. Regulation of tissue regeneration by the circadian clock. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:3576-3597. [PMID: 33893679 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are regulated by a highly conserved transcriptional/translational feedback loop that maintains approximately 24-hr periodicity from cellular to organismal levels. Much research effort is being devoted to understanding how the outputs of the master clock affect peripheral oscillators, and in turn, numerous biological processes. Recent studies have revealed roles for circadian timing in the regulation of numerous cellular behaviours in support of complex tissue regeneration. One such role involves the interaction between the circadian clockwork and the cell cycle. The molecular mechanisms that control the cell cycle create a system of regulation that allows for high fidelity DNA synthesis, mitosis and apoptosis. In recent years, it has become clear that clock gene products are required for proper DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression, and conversely, elements of the cell cycle cascade feedback to influence molecular circadian timing mechanisms. It is through this crosstalk that the circadian system orchestrates stem cell proliferation, niche exit and control of the signalling pathways that govern differentiation and self-renewal. In this review, we discuss the evidence for circadian control of tissue homeostasis and repair and suggest new avenues for research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Ruby
- Department of Biology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA, USA
| | - Robert J Major
- Department of Biology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Passeron T, Krutmann J, Andersen ML, Katta R, Zouboulis CC. Clinical and biological impact of the exposome on the skin. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 34 Suppl 4:4-25. [PMID: 32677068 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The skin exposome is defined as the totality of environmental exposures over the life course that can induce or modify various skin conditions. Here, we review the impact on the skin of solar exposure, air pollution, hormones, nutrition and psychological factors. Photoageing, photocarcinogenesis and pigmentary changes are well-established consequences of chronic exposure of the skin to solar radiation. Exposure to traffic-related air pollution contributes to skin ageing. Particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide cause skin pigmentation/lentigines, while ozone causes wrinkles and has an impact on atopic eczema. Human skin is a major target of hormones, and they exhibit a wide range of biological activities on the skin. Hormones decline with advancing age influencing skin ageing. Nutrition has an impact on numerous biochemical processes, including oxidation, inflammation and glycation, which may result in clinical effects, including modification of the course of skin ageing and photoageing. Stress and lack of sleep are known to contribute to a pro-inflammatory state, which, in turn, affects the integrity of extracellular matrix proteins, in particular collagen. Hormone dysregulation, malnutrition and stress may contribute to inflammatory skin disorders, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne and rosacea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Passeron
- Côte d'Azur University, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Centre Nice, Nice, France.,Côte d'Azur University, INSERM U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | - J Krutmann
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Medical faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M L Andersen
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)/Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R Katta
- Volunteer Clinical Faculty, Baylor College of Medicine, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Dessau, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mizutani H, Tamagawa-Mineoka R, Yasuike R, Minami Y, Yagita K, Katoh N. Effects of constant light exposure on allergic and irritant contact dermatitis in mice reared under constant light conditions. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:739-744. [PMID: 33629775 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Environmental light levels can affect physiological functions, such as general activity, body temperature and metabolism. Irregular lifestyles, such as those involving exposure to light during the night, can exacerbate the clinical symptoms of several inflammatory skin diseases. However, the effects of constant light exposure on immune responses are not fully understood. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of constant light exposure on two major types of skin reactions, allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and irritant contact dermatitis (ICD). BALB/c mice were kept under constant light conditions or a normal light and dark cycle, and their ACD and ICD responses were assessed after the topical application of 2,4,6-trinitro-1-chlorobenzene and croton oil, respectively, to the ear skin. Interestingly, in both ACD and ICD, the ear-swelling response and local leukocyte infiltration were aggravated by constant exposure to light, which has previously been shown to severely disturb the behavioural rhythms of mice. In ACD, these findings were accompanied by increases in the numbers of degranulated mast cells and eosinophils. These results suggest that constant light exposure intensifies allergic and non-allergic skin inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yoichi Minami
- Departments of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yagita
- Departments of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chirico N, Van Laake LW, Sluijter JPG, van Mil A, Dierickx P. Cardiac circadian rhythms in time and space: The future is in 4D. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 57:49-59. [PMID: 33338891 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock synchronizes the body into 24-h cycles, thereby anticipating variations in tissue-specific diurnal tasks, such as response to increased cardiac metabolic demand during the active period of the day. As a result, blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, and occurrence of fatal cardiovascular events fluctuate in a diurnal manner. The heart contains different cell types that make up and reside in an environment of biochemical, mechanical, and topographical signaling. Cardiac architecture is essential for proper heart development as well as for maintenance of cell homeostasis and tissue repair. In this review, we describe the possibilities of studying circadian rhythmicity in the heart by using advanced in vitro systems that mimic the native cardiac 3D microenvironment which can be tuned in time and space. Harnessing the knowledge that originates from those in vitro models could significantly improve innovative cardiac modeling and regenerative strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nino Chirico
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology and Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Linda W Van Laake
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology and Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology and Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alain van Mil
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology and Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Pieterjan Dierickx
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Clock Regulation of Skin Regeneration in Stem Cell Aging. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:1024-1030. [PMID: 33256977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clockwork evolved as an adaptation to daily environmental changes and allows temporal alignment of functions between cells and organs on a systemic level in complex multicellular organisms. These clock functions are particularly important in the skin, which is directly exposed to the external environment. Recent studies have revealed the important impact of circadian rhythmicity on stem cell (SC) homeostasis and regeneration in both young and old skin. This review discusses how the circadian clock regulates tissue function in skin-resident SCs and their niche and how altered daily rhythms in aged SCs negatively affect skin regeneration.
Collapse
|
24
|
A matter of time: Circadian clocks in osteoarthritis and the potential of chronotherapy. Exp Gerontol 2020; 143:111163. [PMID: 33227402 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common and debilitating joint disease which develops and progresses with age. Despite extensive research into the disease, potent disease-modifying drugs remain elusive. Changes to the character and function of chondrocytes of the articular cartilage underly the pathogenesis of OA. A recently emerging facet of chondrocyte biology that has been implicated in OA pathogenesis is the role of circadian rhythms, and the cellular clock which governs rhythmic gene transcription. Here, we review the role of the chondrocyte's cellular clock in governing normal homeostasis, and explore the wide range of consequences that contribute to OA development when the clock is dysregulated by aging and other factors. Finally, we explore how harnessing this understanding of clock mechanics in aging and OA can be translated into novel treatment strategies, or 'chronotherapies', for patients.
Collapse
|
25
|
Shibata S, Kashiwagi M, Morgan BA, Georgopoulos K. Functional interactions between Mi-2β and AP1 complexes control response and recovery from skin barrier disruption. J Exp Med 2020; 217:132751. [PMID: 31834931 PMCID: PMC7062528 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20182402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratinocytes respond to environmental signals by eliciting induction of genes that preserve skin's integrity. Here we show that the transcriptional response to stress signaling is supported by short-lived epigenetic changes. Comparison of chromatin accessibility and transcriptional changes induced by barrier disruption or by loss of the nucleosome remodeler Mi-2β identified their striking convergence in mouse and human keratinocytes. Mi-2β directly repressed genes induced by barrier disruption by restricting AP1-enriched promoter-distal sites, occupied by Mi-2β and JUNB at steady state and by c-JUN after Mi-2β depletion or stress signaling. Barrier disruption led to a modest reduction in Mi-2β expression and a further selective reduction of Mi-2β localization at stress response genes, possibly through competition with activated c-JUN. Consistent with a repressive role at stress response genes, genetic ablation of Mi-2β did not prevent reestablishment of barrier integrity but was required for return to homeostasis. Thus, a competition between Mi-2β-repressive and activating AP1 complexes may permit rapid transcriptional response to and resolution from stress signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Shibata
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Mariko Kashiwagi
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Bruce A Morgan
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Katia Georgopoulos
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Malaguarnera R, Ledda C, Filippello A, Frasca F, Francavilla VC, Ramaci T, Parisi MC, Rapisarda V, Piro S. Thyroid Cancer and Circadian Clock Disruption. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113109. [PMID: 33114365 PMCID: PMC7690860 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this manuscript we review the recent literature supporting a biological link between circadian clock disruption and thyroid cancer development and progression. After a brief description of the involvement of the circadian clock machinery in the cell cycle, stemness and cancer, we discuss the scientific evidence supporting the contribution of circadian clockwork dysfunction in thyroid tumorigenesis and the possible molecular mechanisms underlying this relationship. We also point out the potential clinical implications of this link highlighting its impact on thyroid cancer prevention, diagnosis and therapy. Abstract Thyroid cancer (TC) represents the most common malignancy of the endocrine system, with an increased incidence across continents attributable to both improvement of diagnostic procedures and environmental factors. Among the modifiable risk factors, insulin resistance might influence the development of TC. A relationship between circadian clock machinery disfunction and TC has recently been proposed. The circadian clock machinery comprises a set of rhythmically expressed genes responsible for circadian rhythms. Perturbation of this system contributes to the development of pathological states such as cancer. Several clock genes have been found deregulated upon thyroid nodule malignant transformation. The molecular mechanisms linking circadian clock disruption and TC are still unknown but could include insulin resistance. Circadian misalignment occurring during shift work, jet lag, high fat food intake, is associated with increased insulin resistance. This metabolic alteration, in turn, is associated with a well-known risk factor for TC i.e., hyperthyrotropinemia, which could also be induced by sleep disturbances. In this review, we describe the mechanisms controlling the circadian clock function and its involvement in the cell cycle, stemness and cancer. Moreover, we discuss the evidence supporting the link between circadian clockwork disruption and TC development/progression, highlighting its potential implications for TC prevention, diagnosis and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Malaguarnera
- School of Human and Social Sciences, “Kore” University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy; (R.M.); (V.C.F.); (T.R.); (M.C.P.)
| | - Caterina Ledda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Agnese Filippello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy; (A.F.); (S.P.)
| | - Francesco Frasca
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Cristian Francavilla
- School of Human and Social Sciences, “Kore” University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy; (R.M.); (V.C.F.); (T.R.); (M.C.P.)
| | - Tiziana Ramaci
- School of Human and Social Sciences, “Kore” University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy; (R.M.); (V.C.F.); (T.R.); (M.C.P.)
| | - Maria Chiara Parisi
- School of Human and Social Sciences, “Kore” University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy; (R.M.); (V.C.F.); (T.R.); (M.C.P.)
| | - Venerando Rapisarda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Piro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy; (A.F.); (S.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bedont JL, Iascone DM, Sehgal A. The Lineage Before Time: Circadian and Nonclassical Clock Influences on Development. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2020; 36:469-509. [PMID: 33021821 PMCID: PMC10826104 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Diverse factors including metabolism, chromatin remodeling, and mitotic kinetics influence development at the cellular level. These factors are well known to interact with the circadian transcriptional-translational feedback loop (TTFL) after its emergence. What is only recently becoming clear, however, is how metabolism, mitosis, and epigenetics may become organized in a coordinated cyclical precursor signaling module in pluripotent cells prior to the onset of TTFL cycling. We propose that both the precursor module and the TTFL module constrain cellular identity when they are active during development, and that the emergence of these modules themselves is a key lineage marker. Here we review the component pathways underlying these ideas; how proliferation, specification, and differentiation decisions in both developmental and adult stem cell populations are or are not regulated by the classical TTFL; and emerging evidence that we propose implies a primordial clock that precedes the classical TTFL and influences early developmental decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Lewis Bedont
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
| | - Daniel Maxim Iascone
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
| | - Amita Sehgal
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bartman CM, Matveyenko A, Prakash YS. It's about time: clocks in the developing lung. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:39-50. [PMID: 31895049 DOI: 10.1172/jci130143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of peripheral intracellular clocks revealed circadian oscillations of clock genes and their targets in all cell types, including those in the lung, sparking exploration of clocks in lung disease pathophysiology. While the focus has been on the role of these clocks in adult airway diseases, clock biology is also likely to be important in perinatal lung development, where it has received far less attention. Historically, fetal circadian rhythms have been considered irrelevant owing to lack of external light exposure, but more recent insights into peripheral clock biology raise questions of clock emergence, its concordance with tissue-specific structure/function, the interdependence of clock synchrony and functionality in perinatal lung development, and the possibility of lung clocks in priming the fetus for postnatal life. Understanding the perinatal molecular clock may unravel mechanistic targets for chronic airway disease across the lifespan. With current research providing more questions than answers, it is about time to investigate clocks in the developing lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleksey Matveyenko
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lowry WE. Its written all over your face: The molecular and physiological consequences of aging skin. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 190:111315. [PMID: 32681843 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Perhaps the most recognizable consequences of tissue aging are manifested in the skin. Hair graying and loss, telltale wrinkles, and age spots are indicative of physiological aging symptoms, many of which are analogous to processes in other tissues as well with less visible outcomes. While the study of skin aging has been conducted for decades, more recent work has illuminated many of the fundamental molecular and physiological causes of aging in the skin. Recent technological advances have allowed for the detection and quantification of a variety of physiological triggers that lead to aging in the skin and molecular methods have begun to determine the etiology of these phenotypic features. This review will attempt to summarize recent work in this area and provide some speculation about the next wave of studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W E Lowry
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, 621 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States; Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 621 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States; Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, 621 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States; Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, UCLA, 621 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, 621 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hettwer S, Besic Gyenge E, Obermayer B. Influence of cosmetic formulations on the skin's circadian clock. Int J Cosmet Sci 2020; 42:313-319. [PMID: 32277494 PMCID: PMC7496414 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The circadian rhythm was set into focus by awarding the Nobel Price of Physiology/Medicine to Jeffrey Hall, Michael Rosbash and Michael Young in late 2017. Numerous publications elucidated the molecular mechanisms driving the circadian biorhythms of our body, peripheral organs and each single cell. However, there is minor knowledge on the circadian rhythm of the skin, which has its own peripheral circadian clock in contact with cosmetic formulations. The skin's epidermal clock is excessively influenced by environmental factors like UV radiation or modern lifestyle, which may induce epidermal jetlag. Here, we give an overview on the current knowledge about the epidermal circadian clock and provide a cosmetic solution to protect and preserve the biorhythm of the skin. METHODS Quantitative RT-PCR to analyse the gene expression of circadian clock genes and the downstream DNA repair gene OGG1 in keratinocytes irradiated with UV-B. In vivo study to determine skin parameters dependent on the circadian cycle and interference of cosmetic formulations to them by assessment of morning and evening values at each measurement day after 28, 56 and 84 days of the study. RESULTS UV-B irradiation leads to a pronounced delay in circadian clock and downstream gene expression which interferes in the proper function of epidermal stem cells and as thus skin function. The use of a cosmetic active ingredient prevents cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer formation, protects epidermal stem cells and resets the circadian gene expression. It preserves the circadian changes in skin hydration, reduces daily fluctuations of skin redness and strengthens the skin barrier. CONCLUSION The skin has its own circadian biorhythm to gain full functionality. Interruption of this oscillation will lead to functional impairments. Here we show a cosmetic solution to protect and preserve the skin's circadian rhythm. DNA protection, ROS elimination and stimulation of circadian gene expression seem to be crucial to keep the skin in balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Hettwer
- RAHN AG, Dörflistrasse 120, Zürich, 8050, Switzerland
| | | | - B Obermayer
- RAHN AG, Dörflistrasse 120, Zürich, 8050, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Benitah SA, Welz PS. Circadian Regulation of Adult Stem Cell Homeostasis and Aging. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:817-831. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
32
|
Lederer S, Heskes T, van Heeringen SJ, Albers CA. Investigating the effect of dependence between conditions with Bayesian Linear Mixed Models for motif activity analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231824. [PMID: 32357166 PMCID: PMC7194367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Cellular identity and behavior is controlled by complex gene regulatory networks. Transcription factors (TFs) bind to specific DNA sequences to regulate the transcription of their target genes. On the basis of these TF motifs in cis-regulatory elements we can model the influence of TFs on gene expression. In such models of TF motif activity the data is usually modeled assuming a linear relationship between the motif activity and the gene expression level. A commonly used method to model motif influence is based on Ridge Regression. One important assumption of linear regression is the independence between samples. However, if samples are generated from the same cell line, tissue, or other biological source, this assumption may be invalid. This same assumption of independence is also applied to different yet similar experimental conditions, which may also be inappropriate. In theory, the independence assumption between samples could lead to loss in signal detection. Here we investigate whether a Bayesian model that allows for correlations results in more accurate inference of motif activities. RESULTS We extend the Ridge Regression to a Bayesian Linear Mixed Model, which allows us to model dependence between different samples. In a simulation study, we investigate the differences between the two model assumptions. We show that our Bayesian Linear Mixed Model implementation outperforms Ridge Regression in a simulation scenario where the noise, which is the signal that can not be explained by TF motifs, is uncorrelated. However, we demonstrate that there is no such gain in performance if the noise has a similar covariance structure over samples as the signal that can be explained by motifs. We give a mathematical explanation to why this is the case. Using four representative real datasets we show that at most ∼​40% of the signal is explained by motifs using the linear model. With these data there is no advantage to using the Bayesian Linear Mixed Model, due to the similarity of the covariance structure. AVAILABILITY & IMPLEMENTATION The project implementation is available at https://github.com/Sim19/SimGEXPwMotifs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Lederer
- Data Science, Radboud University, Institute for Computing and Information Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Molecular Developmental Biology, Radboud University, Research Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (LS); (VHS)
| | - Tom Heskes
- Data Science, Radboud University, Institute for Computing and Information Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Simon J. van Heeringen
- Molecular Developmental Biology, Radboud University, Research Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (LS); (VHS)
| | - Cornelis A. Albers
- Molecular Developmental Biology, Radboud University, Research Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Parasram K, Karpowicz P. Time after time: circadian clock regulation of intestinal stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1267-1288. [PMID: 31586240 PMCID: PMC11105114 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Daily fluctuations in animal physiology, known as circadian rhythms, are orchestrated by a conserved molecular timekeeper, known as the circadian clock. The circadian clock forms a transcription-translation feedback loop that has emerged as a central biological regulator of many 24-h processes. Early studies of the intestine discovered that many digestive functions have a daily rhythm and that intestinal cell production was similarly time-dependent. As genetic methods in model organisms have become available, it has become apparent that the circadian clock regulates many basic cellular functions, including growth, proliferation, and differentiation, as well as cell signalling and stem cell self-renewal. Recent connections between circadian rhythms and immune system function, and between circadian rhythms and microbiome dynamics, have also been revealed in the intestine. These processes are highly relevant in understanding intestinal stem cell biology. Here we describe the circadian clock regulation of intestinal stem cells primarily in two model organisms: Drosophila melanogaster and mice. Like all cells in the body, intestinal stem cells are subject to circadian timing, and both cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic circadian processes contribute to their function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathyani Parasram
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Phillip Karpowicz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Welz PS, Zinna VM, Symeonidi A, Koronowski KB, Kinouchi K, Smith JG, Guillén IM, Castellanos A, Furrow S, Aragón F, Crainiciuc G, Prats N, Caballero JM, Hidalgo A, Sassone-Corsi P, Benitah SA. BMAL1-Driven Tissue Clocks Respond Independently to Light to Maintain Homeostasis. Cell 2020; 177:1436-1447.e12. [PMID: 31150620 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms control organismal physiology throughout the day. At the cellular level, clock regulation is established by a self-sustained Bmal1-dependent transcriptional oscillator network. However, it is still unclear how different tissues achieve a synchronized rhythmic physiology. That is, do they respond independently to environmental signals, or require interactions with each other to do so? We show that unexpectedly, light synchronizes the Bmal1-dependent circadian machinery in single tissues in the absence of Bmal1 in all other tissues. Strikingly, light-driven tissue autonomous clocks occur without rhythmic feeding behavior and are lost in constant darkness. Importantly, tissue-autonomous Bmal1 partially sustains homeostasis in otherwise arrhythmic and prematurely aging animals. Our results therefore support a two-branched model for the daily synchronization of tissues: an autonomous response branch, whereby light entrains circadian clocks without any commitment of other Bmal1-dependent clocks, and a memory branch using other Bmal1-dependent clocks to "remember" time in the absence of external cues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick-Simon Welz
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Valentina M Zinna
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aikaterini Symeonidi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kevin B Koronowski
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Kenichiro Kinouchi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jacob G Smith
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Inés Marín Guillén
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Castellanos
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephen Furrow
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferrán Aragón
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Georgiana Crainiciuc
- Area of Developmental and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Neus Prats
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Area of Developmental and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Salvador Aznar Benitah
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ribosome and Translational Control in Stem Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020497. [PMID: 32098201 PMCID: PMC7072746 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and adult stem cells (ASCs) possess the remarkable capacity to self-renew while remaining poised to differentiate into multiple progenies in the context of a rapidly developing embryo or in steady-state tissues, respectively. This ability is controlled by complex genetic programs, which are dynamically orchestrated at different steps of gene expression, including chromatin remodeling, mRNA transcription, processing, and stability. In addition to maintaining stem cell homeostasis, these molecular processes need to be rapidly rewired to coordinate complex physiological modifications required to redirect cell fate in response to environmental clues, such as differentiation signals or tissue injuries. Although chromatin remodeling and mRNA expression have been extensively studied in stem cells, accumulating evidence suggests that stem cell transcriptomes and proteomes are poorly correlated and that stem cell properties require finely tuned protein synthesis. In addition, many studies have shown that the biogenesis of the translation machinery, the ribosome, is decisive for sustaining ESC and ASC properties. Therefore, these observations emphasize the importance of translational control in stem cell homeostasis and fate decisions. In this review, we will provide the most recent literature describing how ribosome biogenesis and translational control regulate stem cell functions and are crucial for accommodating proteome remodeling in response to changes in stem cell fate.
Collapse
|
36
|
de Assis LVM, Moraes MN, Castrucci AMDL. The molecular clock in the skin, its functionality, and how it is disrupted in cutaneous melanoma: a new pharmacological target? Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3801-3826. [PMID: 31222374 PMCID: PMC11105295 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03183-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The skin is the interface between the organism and the external environment, acting as its first barrier. Thus, this organ is constantly challenged by physical stimuli such as UV and infrared radiation, visible light, and temperature as well as chemicals and pathogens. To counteract the deleterious effects of the above-mentioned stimuli, the skin has complex defense mechanisms such as: immune and neuroendocrine systems; shedding of epidermal squamous layers and apoptosis of damaged cells; DNA repair; and pigmentary system. Here we have reviewed the current knowledge regarding which stimuli affect the molecular clock of the skin, the consequences to skin-related biological processes and, based on such knowledge, we suggest some therapeutic targets. We also explored the recent advances regarding the molecular clock disruption in melanoma, its impact on the carcinogenic process, and its therapeutic value in melanoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Vinícius Monteiro de Assis
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, R. do Matão, Trav. 14, No. 101, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Maria Nathalia Moraes
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, R. do Matão, Trav. 14, No. 101, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
- School of Health Science, University Anhembi Morumbi, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria de Lauro Castrucci
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, R. do Matão, Trav. 14, No. 101, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
The Cancer Clock Is (Not) Ticking: Links between Circadian Rhythms and Cancer. Clocks Sleep 2019; 1:435-458. [PMID: 33089179 PMCID: PMC7445810 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep1040034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms regulate many physiological and behavioral processes, including sleep, metabolism and cell division, which have a 24-h oscillation pattern. Rhythmicity is generated by a transcriptional–translational feedback loop in individual cells, which are synchronized by the central pacemaker in the brain and external cues. Epidemiological and clinical studies indicate that disruption of these rhythms can increase both tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Environmental changes (shift work, jet lag, exposure to light at night), mutations in circadian regulating genes, and changes to clock gene expression are recognized forms of disruption and are associated with cancer risk and/or cancer progression. Experimental data in animals and cell cultures further supports the role of the cellular circadian clock in coordinating cell division and DNA repair, and disrupted cellular clocks accelerate cancer cell growth. This review will summarize studies linking circadian disruption to cancer biology and explore how such disruptions may be further altered by common characteristics of tumors including hypoxia and acidosis. We will highlight how circadian rhythms might be exploited for cancer drug development, including how delivery of current chemotherapies may be enhanced using chronotherapy. Understanding the role of circadian rhythms in carcinogenesis and tumor progression will enable us to better understand causes of cancer and how to treat them.
Collapse
|
38
|
Sherratt MJ, Hopkinson L, Naven M, Hibbert SA, Ozols M, Eckersley A, Newton VL, Bell M, Meng QJ. Circadian rhythms in skin and other elastic tissues. Matrix Biol 2019; 84:97-110. [PMID: 31422155 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are daily oscillations that, in mammals, are driven by both a master clock, located in the brain, and peripheral clocks in cells and tissues. Approximately 10% of the transcriptome, including extracellular matrix components, is estimated to be under circadian control. Whilst it has been established that certain collagens and extracellular matrix proteases are diurnally regulated (for example in tendon, cartilage and intervertebral disc) the role played by circadian rhythms in mediating elastic fiber homeostasis is poorly understood. Skin, arteries and lungs are dynamic, resilient, elastic fiber-rich organs and tissues. In skin, circadian rhythms influence cell migration and proliferation, wound healing and susceptibility of the tissues to damage (from protease activity, oxidative stress and ultraviolet radiation). In the cardiovascular system, blood pressure and heart rate also follow age-dependent circadian rhythms whilst the lungs exhibit diurnal variations in immune response. In order to better understand these processes it will be necessary to characterise diurnal changes in extracellular matrix biology. In particular, given the sensitivity of peripheral clocks to external factors, the timed delivery of interventions (chronotherapy) has the potential to significantly improve the efficacy of treatments designed to repair and regenerate damaged cutaneous, vascular and pulmonary tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Sherratt
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, UK.
| | - Louise Hopkinson
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, UK; Centre for Doctoral Training in Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, UK
| | - Mark Naven
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, UK
| | - Sarah A Hibbert
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Matiss Ozols
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Alexander Eckersley
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, UK
| | | | - Mike Bell
- Walgreens Boots Alliance, Thane Rd, Nottingham, England, UK
| | - Qing-Jun Meng
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sulli G, Lam MTY, Panda S. Interplay between Circadian Clock and Cancer: New Frontiers for Cancer Treatment. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:475-494. [PMID: 31421905 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Circadian clocks constitute the evolutionary molecular machinery that dictates the temporal regulation of physiology to maintain homeostasis. Disruption of the circadian rhythm plays a key role in tumorigenesis and facilitates the establishment of cancer hallmarks. Conversely, oncogenic processes directly weaken circadian rhythms. Pharmacological modulation of core clock genes is a new approach in cancer therapy. The integration of circadian biology into cancer research offers new options for making cancer treatment more effective, encompassing the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of this devastating disease. This review highlights the role of the circadian clock in tumorigenesis and cancer hallmarks, and discusses how pharmacological modulation of circadian clock genes can lead to new therapeutic options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Sulli
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Michael Tun Yin Lam
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9300 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lowe M, Lage J, Paatela E, Munson D, Hostager R, Yuan C, Katoku-Kikyo N, Ruiz-Estevez M, Asakura Y, Staats J, Qahar M, Lohman M, Asakura A, Kikyo N. Cry2 Is Critical for Circadian Regulation of Myogenic Differentiation by Bclaf1-Mediated mRNA Stabilization of Cyclin D1 and Tmem176b. Cell Rep 2019; 22:2118-2132. [PMID: 29466738 PMCID: PMC5849083 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms regulate cell proliferation and differentiation; however, little is known about their roles in myogenic differentiation. Our synchronized differentiation studies demonstrate that myoblast proliferation and subsequent myotube formation by cell fusion occur in circadian manners. We found that one of the core regulators of circadian rhythms, Cry2, but not Cry1, is critical for the circadian patterns of these two critical steps in myogenic differentiation. This is achieved through the specific interaction between Cry2 and Bclaf1, which stabilizes mRNAs encoding cyclin D1, a G1/S phase transition regulator, and Tmem176b, a transmembrane regulator for myogenic cell fusion. Myoblasts lacking Cry2 display premature cell cycle exit and form short myotubes because of inefficient cell fusion. Consistently, muscle regeneration is impaired in Cry2-/- mice. Bclaf1 knockdown recapitulated the phenotypes of Cry2 knockdown: early cell cycle exit and inefficient cell fusion. This study uncovers a post-transcriptional regulation of myogenic differentiation by circadian rhythms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Lowe
- Stem Cell Institute , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jacob Lage
- Stem Cell Institute , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ellen Paatela
- Stem Cell Institute , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Dane Munson
- Stem Cell Institute , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Reilly Hostager
- Stem Cell Institute , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ce Yuan
- Stem Cell Institute , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Nobuko Katoku-Kikyo
- Stem Cell Institute , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Neurology , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mercedes Ruiz-Estevez
- Stem Cell Institute , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yoko Asakura
- Stem Cell Institute , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - James Staats
- Stem Cell Institute , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mulan Qahar
- Stem Cell Institute , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Neurology , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Michaela Lohman
- Stem Cell Institute , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Atsushi Asakura
- Stem Cell Institute , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Neurology , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Nobuaki Kikyo
- Stem Cell Institute , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Paatela E, Munson D, Kikyo N. Circadian Regulation in Tissue Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092263. [PMID: 31071906 PMCID: PMC6539890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms regulate over 40% of protein-coding genes in at least one organ in the body through mechanisms tied to the central circadian clock and to cell-intrinsic auto-regulatory feedback loops. Distinct diurnal differences in regulation of regeneration have been found in several organs, including skin, intestinal, and hematopoietic systems. Each regenerating system contains a complex network of cell types with different circadian mechanisms contributing to regeneration. In this review, we elucidate circadian regeneration mechanisms in the three representative systems. We also suggest circadian regulation of global translational activity as an understudied global regulator of regenerative capacity. A more detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying circadian regulation of tissue regeneration would accelerate the development of new regenerative therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Paatela
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Dane Munson
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Nobuaki Kikyo
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Qin X, Li Q, Chen W, Bai Y, Baban B, Mao J. The circadian expression of osteogenic factors in periodontal tissue loading mechanical force: new concepts of the personalized orthodontic care. EPMA J 2019; 10:13-20. [PMID: 30984310 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-019-0161-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective The need for orthodontic treatment continues to increase. Strategies that shorten the treatment course and reduce discomfort are most welcome in clinic. Circadian rhythm plays important role in various physiological processes, including bone formation. This study intended to depict a possible circadian releasing property of the osteogenic factors within the periodontal tissue during orthodontic treatment, which may direct a more efficient and satisfactory orthodontic treatment to the patient. Methods Primary periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) were obtained from the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. An equibiaxial strain value of 12% was applied on rat PDLCs (rPDLCs). After 2 h stimuli of 10-7 M dexamethasone (DX), the osteogenic genes' expressions were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at Zeitgeber times 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24. An orthodontic appliance was placed on 45 SD rats. Animals were maintained under 12-h light/dark periods and euthanized at 9 time points over the diurnal cycle. The orthodontic sensitive tissues of the mesial root of the maxillary first molar were collected for RT-PCR and immunohistological assay. Results The rPDLCs displayed typical fibroblastic spindle shape, and subcultured steadily in vitro. Induced by DX, the mRNA expression of Col-1, OPN, and IBSP within the loaded/unloaded rPDLCs oscillated as that of the main clock gene Per-1. The osteogenic genes' expressions as well as the protein releases sustained a circadian oscillation trend in vivo. Conclusions This study indicates the existence of a circadian rhythm of the osteogenic factors within the orthodontic sensitive tissues, which highlights the importance of precise timing of force loading in further orthodontic treatment. Thus, a periodicity pattern of orthodontic traction at night may prove a more efficient tooth movement while minimizing the treatment window and discomfort complains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Qin
- 1Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave., Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Qilin Li
- 1Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave., Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Weimin Chen
- 1Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave., Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Yumin Bai
- 1Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave., Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China.,2School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian China
| | - Babak Baban
- 3Department of Oral Biology, College of Dental Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Jing Mao
- 1Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave., Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Fasting and Its Impact on Skin Anatomy, Physiology, and Physiopathology: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020249. [PMID: 30678053 PMCID: PMC6413166 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin serves as the first protective line and barrier of the body. Like many other organs, skin can be affected by several disorders in response to external factors such as pathogens, ultraviolet light, and pollution, as well as endogenous alterations related to aging and/or oxidative stress disturbance. Researchers have reported new insights into how skin cells are altered in response to caloric restriction diets in mammals. One of the most well-known caloric restriction diets is the Ramadan intermittent fasting, which is a radical change in the diet plan of practitioners for the period of one lunar month. Ramadan fasting represents the fourth of the five pillars of the Islamic creed. Even though infirm individuals are waived to take part in this religious duty, patients with various health problems, including those with different skin disorders, might choose to share this event with peers and family members. No standardized protocols or guidelines exist, however, to advise their physicians on the proper management of their patients' condition during fasting. With an increasing Muslim population living in Western countries, this topic has started to draw substantial attention, not only of Middle-Eastern physicians, but also of clinicians in the West. For this purpose, we carried out a comprehensive overview on the topic. Our main findings are that: (1) there is a strong need for evidence-based suggestions and guidance. Literature on the impact of the Ramadan fasting, as well as of other kinds of fasting, on skin diseases is scarce and of poor quality, as well as the information available from the Internet; (2) patients willing to fast should be advised about the importance of taking proper treatments or consider alternative options including administration of trans-dermal/topical drugs, as they are permitted during daylight hours. Further, non-compliance has important, clinical and economic implications for an effective patient management.
Collapse
|
44
|
Khiao In M, Richardson KC, Loewa A, Hedtrich S, Kaessmeyer S, Plendl J. Histological and functional comparisons of four anatomical regions of porcine skin with human abdominal skin. Anat Histol Embryol 2019; 48:207-217. [PMID: 30648762 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Because of the shortage of human skin for research purposes, porcine skin has been used as a model of human skin. The aim of this study was to identify the region of German Landrace pig skin that could be used as the best possible substitute for human abdominal skin. Porcine samples were collected from the ear, flank, back and caudal abdomen; human abdominal skin samples were excised during plastic surgery. Histological and ultrastructural assessments were carried out on the epidermis and dermis, with emphasis on the dermo-epidermal interface length, dermo-epidermal thickness ratio as well as densities of; hair follicles, arrector pili muscles, blood vessels and sweat glands. In the pig, the barrier function of the four anatomical regions was assessed. Results showed that both histologically and ultrastructurally, all four regions of porcine skin were similar to human skin. These include the shapes of keratinocytes, structure of cell contacts and presence of Weibel Palade bodies in endothelial cells. Other parameters such as the thickness of epidermis, the thickness of stratum basale, spinosum and granulosum and the number of cell layers in the stratum corneum were similar in human abdominal and in all four regions of porcine skin. However, there were also significant differences especially in the thickness of the stratum corneum, the dermo-epidermal interface length and the blood vessel density.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maneenooch Khiao In
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kenneth C Richardson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anna Loewa
- Institute for Pharmacy, Pharmacology & Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Hedtrich
- Institute for Pharmacy, Pharmacology & Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Kaessmeyer
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna Plendl
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sun Y, Wang P, Li H, Dai J. BMAL1 and CLOCK proteins in regulating UVB-induced apoptosis and DNA damage responses in human keratinocytes. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9563-9574. [PMID: 29943823 PMCID: PMC6185778 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A diverse array of biological processes are under circadian controls. In mouse skin, ultraviolet ray (UVR)-induced apoptosis and DNA damage responses are time-of-day dependent, which are controlled by core clock proteins. This study investigates the roles of clock proteins in regulating UVB responses in human keratinocytes (HKCs). We found that the messenger RNA expression of brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (BMAL1) and circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK) genes is altered by low doses (5 mJ/cm2 ) of UVB in the immortalized HaCat HKCs cell line. Although depletion of BMAL1 or CLOCK has no effect on the activation of Rad3-related protein kinases-checkpoint kinase 1-p53 mediated DNA damage checkpoints, it leads to suppression of UVB-stimulated apoptotic responses, and downregulation of UVB-elevated expression of DNA damage marker γ-H2AX and cell cycle inhibitor p21. Diminished apoptotic responses are also observed in primary HKCs depleted of BMAL1 or CLOCK after UVB irradiation. While CLOCK depletion shows a suppressive effect on UVB-induced p53 protein accumulation, depletion of either clock gene triggers early keratinocyte differentiation of HKCs at their steady state. These results suggest that UVB-induced apoptosis and DNA damage responses are controlled by clock proteins, but via different mechanisms in the immortalized human adult low calcium temperature and primary HKCs. Given the implication of UVB in photoaging and photocarcinogenesis, mechanistic elucidation of circadian controls on UVB effects in human skin will be critical and beneficial for prevention and treatment of skin cancers and other skin-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 P. R. China
| | - Peiling Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 P. R. China
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705 USA
| | - Hongyu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 P. R. China
| | - Jun Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 P. R. China
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705 USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Rogers EH, Hunt JA, Pekovic-Vaughan V. Adult stem cell maintenance and tissue regeneration around the clock: do impaired stem cell clocks drive age-associated tissue degeneration? Biogerontology 2018; 19:497-517. [PMID: 30374678 PMCID: PMC6223734 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-018-9772-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human adult stem cell research is a highly prolific area in modern tissue engineering as these cells have significant potential to provide future cellular therapies for the world's increasingly aged population. Cellular therapies require a smart biomaterial to deliver and localise the cell population; protecting and guiding the stem cells toward predetermined lineage-specific pathways. The cells, in turn, can provide protection to biomaterials and increase its longevity. The right combination of stem cells and biomaterials can significantly increase the therapeutic efficacy. Adult stem cells are utilised to target many changes that negatively impact tissue functions with age. Understanding the underlying mechanisms that lead to changes brought about by the ageing process is imperative as ageing leads to many detrimental effects on stem cell activation, maintenance and differentiation. The circadian clock is an evolutionarily conserved timing mechanism that coordinates physiology, metabolism and behavior with the 24 h solar day to provide temporal tissue homeostasis with the external environment. Circadian rhythms deteriorate with age at both the behavioural and molecular levels, leading to age-associated changes in downstream rhythmic tissue physiology in humans and rodent models. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our knowledge of the role of circadian clocks in adult stem cell maintenance, driven by both cell-autonomous and tissue-specific factors, and the mechanisms by which they co-opt various cellular signaling pathways to impose temporal control on stem cell function. Future research investigating pharmacological and lifestyle interventions by which circadian rhythms within adult stem niches can be manipulated will provide avenues for temporally guided cellular therapies and smart biomaterials to ameliorate age-related tissue deterioration and reduce the burden of chronic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eve H Rogers
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, The William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - John A Hunt
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, College Drive, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Vanja Pekovic-Vaughan
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, The William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Elkhenany H, AlOkda A, El-Badawy A, El-Badri N. Tissue regeneration: Impact of sleep on stem cell regenerative capacity. Life Sci 2018; 214:51-61. [PMID: 30393021 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm orchestrates many cellular functions, such as cell division, cell migration, metabolism and numerous intracellular biological processes. The physiological changes during sleep are believed to promote a suitable microenvironment for stem cells to proliferate, migrate and differentiate. These effects are mediated either directly by circadian clock genes or indirectly via hormones and cytokines. Hormones, such as melatonin and cortisol, are secreted in response to neural optic signals and act in harmony to regulate many biological functions during sleep. Herein, we correlate the effects of the main circadian genes on the expression of certain stem cell genes responsible for the regeneration of different tissues, including bone, cartilage, skin, and intestine. We also review the effects of different hormones and cytokines on stem cell activation or suppression and their relationship to the day/night cycle. The correlation of circadian rhythm with tissue regeneration could have implications in understanding the biology of sleep and tissue regeneration and in enhancing the efficacy and timing of surgical procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Elkhenany
- Centre of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 12588, Egypt; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, 22785, Egypt
| | - Abdelrahman AlOkda
- Centre of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 12588, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Badawy
- Centre of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 12588, Egypt
| | - Nagwa El-Badri
- Centre of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 12588, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hadadi E, Souza LEBD, Bennaceur-Griscelli A, Acloque H. Identification of valid reference genes for circadian gene-expression studies in human mammary epithelial cells. Chronobiol Int 2018; 35:1689-1701. [PMID: 30296179 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1508151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock controls most of the physiological processes in the body throughout days and nights' alternation. Its dysregulation has a negative impact on many aspects of human health, such as obesity, lipid disorders, diabetes, skin regeneration, hematopoiesis and cancer. To date, poor is known on the molecular mechanisms that links mammary gland homeostasis to the circadian clock but recent reports highlight the importance of loss of circadian genes for mammary gland development and during tumour progression in breast cancer. Gene expression studies are then required to clarify how the circadian clock can modulates the human mammary gland development during ontology and its behaviour in physiological and oncogenic context. For this, in addition to genome-wide studies, real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) is a powerful and pertinent technique to quantify the expression of a reduced set of genes of interest in many different samples. Relative quantification of qPCR data requires the use of reference genes for normalisation. For circadian studies, reference genes expression must not oscillate in mirror of the circadian clock and must not be affected by the synchronisation protocols required in vitro to reset the circadian clock. Inappropriate selection of reference genes can consequently affect the amplitude of gene expression oscillation and bias data interpretation. Currently, no standard reference genes have been validated regarding these criteria for human mammary epithelial cells and the purpose of this study was to fill this gap. For this, we used the RefFinder tool, which combines four different algorithms, on 9 candidate reference genes. We compared reference genes stability using three different synchronisation protocols applied on four different mammary epithelial cell lines. This allowed us to define a set of reference genes in human mammary epithelial cells whose expression remains stable despite synchronisation protocols. We observed that the synchronisation of cells by serum shock was the most suitable procedure for maintaining the amplitude of oscillation of clock genes over time and we identified RPL4, RPLP0, HSPCB and TBP as an optimal combination of reference genes for the normalisation of the oscillatory expression of clock genes in human mammary epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hadadi
- a Inserm, UMRS935 ESTeam Paris Sud, Malignant and Therapeutic Stem Cell Models , Villejuif , France
| | | | - Annelise Bennaceur-Griscelli
- a Inserm, UMRS935 ESTeam Paris Sud, Malignant and Therapeutic Stem Cell Models , Villejuif , France.,b Service d'hématologie , APHP, GHU Paris Sud , Villejuif , France.,c UFR de Médecine Kremlin Bicêtre , Univ. P.Sud, Univ. Paris Saclay , Le Kremlin Bicêtre , France
| | - Hervé Acloque
- a Inserm, UMRS935 ESTeam Paris Sud, Malignant and Therapeutic Stem Cell Models , Villejuif , France.,d UMR1388 GenPhySE , INRA, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT , Castanet Tolosan , France
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Yu CW, Cheng KC, Chen LC, Lin MX, Chang YC, Hwang-Verslues WW. Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and CCL2 suppress expression of circadian gene Period2 in mammary epithelial cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1861:1007-1017. [PMID: 30343691 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is known to contribute to tumor initiation and cancer progression. In breast tissue, the core circadian gene Period (PER)2 plays a critical role in mammary gland development and possesses tumor suppressor function. Interleukin (IL)-6 and C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 2 are among the most abundant cytokines in the inflammatory microenvironment. We found that acute stimulation by IL-6/CCL2 reduced PER2 expression in non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cells. Longer term exposure to IL-6/CCL2 suppressed PER2 to an even lower level. IL-6 activated STAT3/NFκB p50 signaling to recruit HDAC1 to the PER2 promoter. CCL2 activated the PI3K/AKT pathway to promote ELK-1 cytoplasm-to-nucleus translocation, recruit HDAC1 to the proximal PER2 promoter and facilitate DNMT3-EZH2-PER2 promoter association. Ectopic expression of PER2 inhibited IL-6 or CCL2 induced mammosphere forming ability and reduced sphere size indicating that PER2 repression in breast epithelial cells can be crucial to activate tumorigenesis in an inflammatory microenvironment. The diminished expression of PER2 can be observed over a time scale of hours to weeks following IL-6/CCL2 stimulation suggesting that PER2 suppression occurs in the early stage of the interaction between an inflammatory microenvironment and normal breast epithelial cells. These data show new mechanisms by which mammary cells interact with a cancerous microenvironment and provide additional evidence that PER2 expression contributes to breast tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Wei Yu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chih Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Chih Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Xuan Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wendy W Hwang-Verslues
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Castellano-Pellicena I, Uzunbajakava NE, Mignon C, Raafs B, Botchkarev VA, Thornton MJ. Does blue light restore human epidermal barrier function via activation of Opsin during cutaneous wound healing? Lasers Surg Med 2018; 51:370-382. [PMID: 30168605 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Visible light has beneficial effects on cutaneous wound healing, but the role of potential photoreceptors in human skin is unknown. In addition, inconsistency in the parameters of blue and red light-based therapies for skin conditions makes interpretation difficult. Red light can activate cytochrome c oxidase and has been proposed as a wound healing therapy. UV-blue light can activate Opsin 1-SW, Opsin 2, Opsin 3, Opsin 4, and Opsin 5 receptors, triggering biological responses, but their role in human skin physiology is unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Localization of Opsins was analyzed in situ in human skin derived from face and abdomen by immunohistochemistry. An ex vivo human skin wound healing model was established and expression of Opsins confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The rate of wound closure was quantitated after irradiation with blue and red light and mRNA was extracted from the regenerating epithelial tongue by laser micro-dissection to detect changes in Opsin 3 (OPN3) expression. Retention of the expression of Opsins in primary cultures of human epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts was confirmed by qRT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. Modulation of metabolic activity by visible light was studied. Furthermore, migration in a scratch-wound assay, DNA synthesis and differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes was established following irradiation with blue light. A role for OPN3 in keratinocytes was investigated by gene silencing. RESULTS Opsin receptors (OPN1-SW, 3 and 5) were similarly localized in the epidermis of human facial and abdominal skin in situ. Corresponding expression was confirmed in the regenerating epithelial tongue of ex vivo wounds after 2 days in culture, and irradiation with blue light stimulated wound closure, with a corresponding increase in OPN3 expression. Expression of Opsins was retained in primary cultures of epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. Both blue and red light stimulated the metabolic activity of cultured keratinocytes. Low levels of blue light reduced DNA synthesis and stimulated differentiation of keratinocytes. While low levels of blue light did not alter keratinocyte migration in a scratch wound assay, higher levels inhibited migration. Gene silencing of OPN3 in keratinocytes was effective (87% reduction). The rate of DNA synthesis in OPN3 knockdown keratinocytes did not change following irradiation with blue light, however, the level of differentiation was decreased. CONCLUSIONS Opsins are expressed in the epidermis and dermis of human skin and in the newly regenerating epidermis following wounding. An increase in OPN3 expression in the epithelial tongue may be a potential mechanism for the stimulation of wound closure by blue light. Since keratinocytes and fibroblasts retain their expression of Opsins in culture, they provide a good model to investigate the mechanism of blue light in wound healing responses. Knockdown of OPN3 led to a reduction in early differentiation of keratinocytes following irradiation with blue light, suggesting OPN3 is required for restoration of the barrier function. Understanding the function and relationship of different photoreceptors and their response to specific light parameters will lead to the development of reliable light-based therapies for cutaneous wound healing. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Castellano-Pellicena
- Centre for Skin Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom.,Philips Research, High Tech Campus, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Charles Mignon
- Centre for Skin Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom.,Philips Research, High Tech Campus, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca Raafs
- Philips Research, High Tech Campus, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Vladimir A Botchkarev
- Centre for Skin Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - M Julie Thornton
- Centre for Skin Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|