1
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Somers T, Siddiqi S, Janssen MCM, Morshuis WJ, Maas RGC, Buikema JW, van den Broek PHH, Schirris TJJ, Russel FGM. Effect of statins on mitochondrial function and contractile force in human skeletal and cardiac muscle. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 180:117492. [PMID: 39326098 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES AND BACKGROUND The success of statin therapy in reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is contrasted by the skeletal muscle complaints, which often leads to nonadherence. Previous studies have shown that inhibition of mitochondrial function plays a key role in statin intolerance. Recently, it was found that statins may also influence energy metabolism in cardiomyocytes. This study assessed the effects of statin use on cardiac muscle ex vivo from patients using atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin or pravastatin and controls. METHODS Cardiac tissue and skeletal muscle tissue were harvested during open heart surgery after patients provided written informed consent. Patients included were undergoing cardiac surgery and either taking statins (atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin or pravastatin) or without statin therapy (controls). Contractile behaviour of cardiac auricles was tested in an ex vivo set-up and cellular respiration of both cardiac and skeletal muscle tissue samples was measured using an Oxygraph-2k. Finally, statin acid and lactone concentrations were quantified in cardiac and skeletal homogenates by LC-MS/MS. RESULTS Fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial complex I and II activity were reduced in cardiac muscle, while contractile function remained unaffected. Inhibition of mitochondrial complex III by statins, as previously described, was confirmed in skeletal muscle when compared to control samples, but not observed in cardiac tissue. Statin concentrations determined in skeletal muscle tissue and cardiac muscle tissue were comparable. CONCLUSIONS Statins reduce skeletal and cardiac muscle cell respiration without significantly affecting cardiac contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Somers
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500HB, The Netherlands; Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500HB, The Netherlands; Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500HB, The Netherlands.
| | - Sailay Siddiqi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500HB, The Netherlands; Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500HB, The Netherlands
| | - Margit C M Janssen
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500HB, The Netherlands
| | - Wim J Morshuis
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500HB, The Netherlands
| | - Renee G C Maas
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3508GA, The Netherlands
| | - Jan W Buikema
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, VU University, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam 1081HZ, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Petra H H van den Broek
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500HB, The Netherlands
| | - Tom J J Schirris
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500HB, The Netherlands; Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500HB, The Netherlands
| | - Frans G M Russel
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500HB, The Netherlands; Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500HB, The Netherlands
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2
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Groen E, Mummery CL, Yiangou L, Davis RP. Three-dimensional cardiac models: a pre-clinical testing platform. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:1045-1059. [PMID: 38778769 PMCID: PMC11346450 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Major advancements in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) technology over recent years have yielded valuable tools for cardiovascular research. Multi-cell type 3-dimensional (3D) cardiac models in particular, are providing complementary approaches to animal studies that are better representatives than simple 2-dimensional (2D) cultures of differentiated hPSCs. These human 3D cardiac models can be broadly divided into two categories; namely those generated through aggregating pre-differentiated cells and those that form self-organizing structures during their in vitro differentiation from hPSCs. These models can either replicate aspects of cardiac development or enable the examination of interactions among constituent cell types, with some of these models showing increased maturity compared with 2D systems. Both groups have already emerged as physiologically relevant pre-clinical platforms for studying heart disease mechanisms, exhibiting key functional attributes of the human heart. In this review, we describe the different cardiac organoid models derived from hPSCs, their generation methods, applications in cardiovascular disease research and use in drug screening. We also address their current limitations and challenges as pre-clinical testing platforms and propose potential improvements to enhance their efficacy in cardiac drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Groen
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christine L. Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Loukia Yiangou
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Richard P. Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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3
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Mullen M, Kojic A, Alamana C, Canel G, Lai C, Knowles JW, Wu JC. Generation of two induced pluripotent stem cell lines from healthy patients of African American ancestry. Stem Cell Res 2024; 76:103322. [PMID: 38359472 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2024.103322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are a resourceful tool for investigating cardiovascular disease in the context of race and gender. Once derived from blood or skin cells, the reprogrammed induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) adopt an embryonic-like pluripotent state, enabling researchers to develop drug screening or disease modeling platforms. Here, we generated two iPSC lines from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of two healthy African American patients. Both lines display the usual morphology of pluripotent stem cells, demonstrate elevated expression of pluripotent markers, show normal karyotype, and differentiate into all three germ layers in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKay Mullen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ana Kojic
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Christina Alamana
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gabriela Canel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Celine Lai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Greenstone Biosciences, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Joshua W Knowles
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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4
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Bedada FB, Thompson BR, Mikkila JL, Chan SSK, Choi SH, Toso EA, Kyba M, Metzger JM. Inducing positive inotropy in human iPSC-derived cardiac muscle by gene editing-based activation of the cardiac α-myosin heavy chain. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3915. [PMID: 38365813 PMCID: PMC10873390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53395-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells and their differentiation into cardiac myocytes (hiPSC-CMs) provides a unique and valuable platform for studies of cardiac muscle structure-function. This includes studies centered on disease etiology, drug development, and for potential clinical applications in heart regeneration/repair. Ultimately, for these applications to achieve success, a thorough assessment and physiological advancement of the structure and function of hiPSC-CMs is required. HiPSC-CMs are well noted for their immature and sub-physiological cardiac muscle state, and this represents a major hurdle for the field. To address this roadblock, we have developed a hiPSC-CMs (β-MHC dominant) experimental platform focused on directed physiological enhancement of the sarcomere, the functional unit of cardiac muscle. We focus here on the myosin heavy chain (MyHC) protein isoform profile, the molecular motor of the heart, which is essential to cardiac physiological performance. We hypothesized that inducing increased expression of α-MyHC in β-MyHC dominant hiPSC-CMs would enhance contractile performance of hiPSC-CMs. To test this hypothesis, we used gene editing with an inducible α-MyHC expression cassette into isogeneic hiPSC-CMs, and separately by gene transfer, and then investigated the direct effects of increased α-MyHC expression on hiPSC-CMs contractility and relaxation function. Data show improved cardiac functional parameters in hiPSC-CMs induced with α-MyHC. Positive inotropy and relaxation was evident in comparison to β-MyHC dominant isogenic controls both at baseline and during pacing induced stress. This approach should facilitate studies of hiPSC-CMs disease modeling and drug screening, as well as advancing fundamental aspects of cardiac function parameters for the optimization of future cardiac regeneration, repair and re-muscularization applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikru B Bedada
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 6-125 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Present Address: Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Brian R Thompson
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 6-125 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Jennifer L Mikkila
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 6-125 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Sunny S-K Chan
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, 6-125 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Si Ho Choi
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, 6-125 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Erik A Toso
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, 6-125 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Michael Kyba
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, 6-125 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Joseph M Metzger
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 6-125 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, 6-125 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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5
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Yang Y, Yang H, Kiskin FN, Zhang JZ. The new era of cardiovascular research: revolutionizing cardiovascular research with 3D models in a dish. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2024; 4:68-85. [PMID: 38515776 PMCID: PMC10954298 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2023-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular research has heavily relied on studies using patient samples and animal models. However, patient studies often miss the data from the crucial early stage of cardiovascular diseases, as obtaining primary tissues at this stage is impracticable. Transgenic animal models can offer some insights into disease mechanisms, although they usually do not fully recapitulate the phenotype of cardiovascular diseases and their progression. In recent years, a promising breakthrough has emerged in the form of in vitro three-dimensional (3D) cardiovascular models utilizing human pluripotent stem cells. These innovative models recreate the intricate 3D structure of the human heart and vessels within a controlled environment. This advancement is pivotal as it addresses the existing gaps in cardiovascular research, allowing scientists to study different stages of cardiovascular diseases and specific drug responses using human-origin models. In this review, we first outline various approaches employed to generate these models. We then comprehensively discuss their applications in studying cardiovascular diseases by providing insights into molecular and cellular changes associated with cardiovascular conditions. Moreover, we highlight the potential of these 3D models serving as a platform for drug testing to assess drug efficacy and safety. Despite their immense potential, challenges persist, particularly in maintaining the complex structure of 3D heart and vessel models and ensuring their function is comparable to real organs. However, overcoming these challenges could revolutionize cardiovascular research. It has the potential to offer comprehensive mechanistic insights into human-specific disease processes, ultimately expediting the development of personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fedir N. Kiskin
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Joe Z. Zhang
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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6
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Jæger KH, Tveito A. The simplified Kirchhoff network model (SKNM): a cell-based reaction-diffusion model of excitable tissue. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16434. [PMID: 37777588 PMCID: PMC10542379 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based models of excitable tissues offer the advantage of cell-level precision, which cannot be achieved using traditional homogenized electrophysiological models. However, this enhanced accuracy comes at the cost of increased computational demands, necessitating the development of efficient cell-based models. The widely-accepted bidomain model serves as the standard in computational cardiac electrophysiology, and under certain anisotropy ratio conditions, it is well known that it can be reduced to the simpler monodomain model. Recently, the Kirchhoff Network Model (KNM) was developed as a cell-based counterpart to the bidomain model. In this paper, we aim to demonstrate that KNM can be simplified using the same steps employed to derive the monodomain model from the bidomain model. We present the cell-based Simplified Kirchhoff Network Model (SKNM), which produces results closely aligned with those of KNM while requiring significantly less computational resources.
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7
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Chepeleva EV, Pavlova SV, Bgatova NP, Volkov AM, Kazanskaya GM, Sergeevichev DS. Functional Activity of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes on a Mouse Renal Subcapsular Xenograft Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9792. [PMID: 37372940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the treatment of coronary heart disease, the most promising approach for replacing lost contractile elements involves obtaining cardiomyocytes through cardiac differentiation of pluripotent cells. The objective of this study is to develop a technology for creating a functional layer of cardiomyocytes derived from iPSCs, capable of generating rhythmic activity and synchronous contractions. To expedite the maturation of cardiomyocytes, a renal subcapsular transplantation model was employed in SCID mice. Following explantation, the formation of the cardiomyocyte contractile apparatus was assessed using fluorescence and electron microscopy, while the cytoplasmic oscillation of calcium ions was evaluated through visualization using the fluorescent calcium binding dye Fluo-8. The results demonstrate that transplanted human iPSC-derived cardiomyocyte cell layers, placed under the fibrous capsules of SCID mouse kidneys (for up to 6 weeks), initiate the development of an organized contractile apparatus and retain functional activity along with the ability to generate calcium ion oscillations even after removal from the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Chepeleva
- Federal State Budgetary Institution National Medical Research Center Named after Academician E.N. Meshalkin of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 15, Rechkunovskaya Str., 630055 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology-Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2, Timakova Str., 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sophia V Pavlova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution National Medical Research Center Named after Academician E.N. Meshalkin of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 15, Rechkunovskaya Str., 630055 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 10, Ac. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nataliya P Bgatova
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology-Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2, Timakova Str., 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander M Volkov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution National Medical Research Center Named after Academician E.N. Meshalkin of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 15, Rechkunovskaya Str., 630055 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Galina M Kazanskaya
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics-Subdivision of FRC FTM, 2/12, Timakova Str., 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - David S Sergeevichev
- Federal State Budgetary Institution National Medical Research Center Named after Academician E.N. Meshalkin of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 15, Rechkunovskaya Str., 630055 Novosibirsk, Russia
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8
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Xiang H, Xu H, Tan B, Yi Q, Zhang X, Wang R, Chen T, Xie Q, Tian J, Zhu J. AKAP1 Regulates Mitochondrial Dynamics during the Fatty-Acid-Promoted Maturation of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes as Indicated by Proteomics Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098112. [PMID: 37175819 PMCID: PMC10178876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are cells with promising applications. However, their immaturity has restricted their use in cell therapy, disease modeling, and other studies. Therefore, the current study focused on inducing the maturation of CMs. We supplemented hiPSC-CMs with fatty acids (FAs) to promote their phenotypic maturity. Proteomic sequencing was performed to identify regulators critical for promoting the maturation of hiPSC-CMs. AKAP1 was found to be significantly increased in FA-treated hiPSC-CMs, and the results were verified. Therefore, we inhibited AKAP1 expression in the FA-treated cells and analyzed the outcomes. FA supplementation promoted the morphological and functional maturation of the hiPSC-CMs, which was accompanied by the development of a mitochondrial network. Proteomic analysis results revealed that AKAP1 expression was significantly higher in FA-treated hiPSC-CMs than in control cells. In addition, increased phosphorylation of the mitochondrial dynamin Drp1 and an increased mitochondrial fusion rate were found in FA-treated hiPSC-CMs. After AKAP1 was knocked down, the level of DRP1 phosphorylation in the cell was decreased, and the mitochondrial fusion rate was reduced. FA supplementation effectively promoted the maturation of hiPSC-CMs, and in these cells, AKAP1 regulated mitochondrial dynamics, possibly playing a significant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xiang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Bin Tan
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Qin Yi
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Tangtian Chen
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Qiumin Xie
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Department of Cardiovascular (Internal Medicine), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
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9
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Kannan S, Miyamoto M, Zhu R, Lynott M, Guo J, Chen EZ, Colas AR, Lin BL, Kwon C. Trajectory reconstruction identifies dysregulation of perinatal maturation programs in pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112330. [PMID: 37014753 PMCID: PMC10545814 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A limitation in the application of pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CMs) is the failure of these cells to achieve full functional maturity. The mechanisms by which directed differentiation differs from endogenous development, leading to consequent PSC-CM maturation arrest, remain unclear. Here, we generate a single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) reference of mouse in vivo CM maturation with extensive sampling of previously difficult-to-isolate perinatal time periods. We subsequently generate isogenic embryonic stem cells to create an in vitro scRNA-seq reference of PSC-CM-directed differentiation. Through trajectory reconstruction, we identify an endogenous perinatal maturation program that is poorly recapitulated in vitro. By comparison with published human datasets, we identify a network of nine transcription factors (TFs) whose targets are consistently dysregulated in PSC-CMs across species. Notably, these TFs are only partially activated in common ex vivo approaches to engineer PSC-CM maturation. Our study can be leveraged toward improving the clinical viability of PSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Kannan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew Miyamoto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Renjun Zhu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michaela Lynott
- Sanford Burham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jason Guo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elaine Zhelan Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexandre R Colas
- Sanford Burham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Brian Leei Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chulan Kwon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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10
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Li J, Wiesinger A, Fokkert L, Boukens BJ, Verkerk AO, Christoffels VM, Boink GJ, Devalla HD. Molecular and electrophysiological evaluation of human cardiomyocyte subtypes to facilitate generation of composite cardiac models. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221127908. [PMID: 36277058 PMCID: PMC9583221 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221127908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Paucity of physiologically relevant cardiac models has limited the widespread application of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes in drug development. Here, we performed comprehensive characterization of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocyte subtypes from 2D and 3D cultures and established a novel 3D model to study impulse initiation and propagation. Directed differentiation approaches were used to generate sinoatrial nodal (SANCM), atrial (ACM) and ventricular cardiomyocytes (VCM). Single cell RNA sequencing established that the protocols yield distinct cell populations in line with expected identities, which was also confirmed by electrophysiological characterization. In 3D EHT cultures of all subtypes, we observed prominent expression of stretch-responsive genes such as NPPA. Response to rate modulating drugs noradrenaline, carbachol and ivabradine were comparable in single cells and EHTs. Differences in the speed of impulse propagation between the subtypes were more pronounced in EHTs compared with 2D monolayers owing to a progressive increase in conduction velocities in atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes, in line with a more mature phenotype. In a novel binary EHT model of pacemaker-atrial interface, the SANCM end of the tissue consistently paced the EHTs under baseline conditions, which was inhibited by ivabradine. Taken together, our data provide comprehensive insights into molecular and electrophysiological properties of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocyte subtypes, facilitating the creation of next generation composite cardiac models for drug discovery, disease modeling and cell-based regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuru Li
- Department of Medical Biology,
Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Wiesinger
- Department of Medical Biology,
Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Lianne Fokkert
- Department of Medical Biology,
Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan J. Boukens
- Department of Medical Biology,
Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Arie O. Verkerk
- Department of Medical Biology,
Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands,Department of Experimental Cardiology,
Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Vincent M. Christoffels
- Department of Medical Biology,
Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Gerard J.J. Boink
- Department of Medical Biology,
Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands,Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam
University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Harsha D. Devalla
- Department of Medical Biology,
Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands,Harsha D Devalla, Department of Medical
Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam,
Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
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11
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In Vitro Drug Screening Using iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes of a Long QT-Syndrome Patient Carrying KCNQ1 & TRPM4 Dual Mutation: An Experimental Personalized Treatment. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162495. [PMID: 36010573 PMCID: PMC9406448 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital long QT syndrome is a type of inherited cardiovascular disorder characterized by prolonged QT interval. Patient often suffer from syncopal episodes, electrocardiographic abnormalities and life-threatening arrhythmia. Given the complexity of the root cause of the disease, a combination of clinical diagnosis and drug screening using patient-derived cardiomyocytes represents a more effective way to identify potential cures. We identified a long QT syndrome patient carrying a heterozygous KCNQ1 c.656G>A mutation and a heterozygous TRPM4 c.479C>T mutation. Implantation of implantable cardioverter defibrillator in combination with conventional medication demonstrated limited success in ameliorating long-QT-syndrome-related symptoms. Frequent defibrillator discharge also caused deterioration of patient quality of life. Aiming to identify better therapeutic agents and treatment strategy, we established a patient-specific iPSC line carrying the dual mutations and differentiated these patient-specific iPSCs into cardiomyocytes. We discovered that both verapamil and lidocaine substantially shortened the QT interval of the long QT syndrome patient-specific cardiomyocytes. Verapamil treatment was successful in reducing defibrillator discharge frequency of the KCNQ1/TRPM4 dual mutation patient. These results suggested that verapamil and lidocaine could be alternative therapeutic agents for long QT syndrome patients that do not respond well to conventional treatments. In conclusion, our approach indicated the usefulness of the in vitro disease model based on patient-specific iPSCs in identifying pharmacological mechanisms and drug screening. The long QT patient-specific iPSC line carrying KCNQ1/TRPM4 dual mutations also represents a tool for further understanding long QT syndrome pathogenesis.
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12
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Zhang M, Xu Y, Chen Y, Yan Q, Li X, Ding L, Wei T, Zeng D. Three-Dimensional Poly-(ε-Caprolactone) Nanofibrous Scaffolds Promote the Maturation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells-Induced Cardiomyocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:875278. [PMID: 35979378 PMCID: PMC9377449 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.875278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) have been proved to be a new platform for heart regeneration, the lack of maturity significantly hinders the clinic application. Recent researches indicate that the function of stem cell is associated with the nanoscale geometry/topography of the extracellular matrix (ECM). However, the effects of 3D nanofibrous scaffolds in maturation of iPSC-CMs still remain unclear. Thus, we explored the effects of restructuring iPSC-CMs in 3D nano-scaffolds on cell morphology, cardiac-specific structural protein, gap junction and calcium transient kinetics. Using the electrospinning technology, poly-(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibrous scaffold were constructed and iPSC-CMs were seeded into these forms. As expected, strong sarcolemmal remodeling processes and myofilament reorientation were observed in 3D nano-scaffolds culture, as well as more expression of cardiac mature proteins, such as β-MHC and MLC2v. The mature morphology of 3D-shaped iPSC-CMs leaded to enhanced calcium transient kinetics, with increased calcium peak transient amplitude and the maximum upstroke velocity (Vmax). The results revealed that the maturation of iPSC-CMs was enhanced by the electrospun 3D PCL nanofibrous scaffolds treatment. These findings also proposed a feasible strategy to improve the myocardium bioengineering by combining stem cells with scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuerong Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, 971th Hospital, Chinese People’s Liberation Army Navy, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinru Yan
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Xi ‘an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lu Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ting Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Di Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Di Zeng,
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13
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Mohr E, Thum T, Bär C. Accelerating Cardiovascular Research: Recent Advances in Translational 2D and 3D Heart Models. Eur J Heart Fail 2022; 24:1778-1791. [PMID: 35867781 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro modelling the complex (patho-) physiological conditions of the heart is a major challenge in cardiovascular research. In recent years, methods based on three-dimensional (3D) cultivation approaches have steadily evolved to overcome the major limitations of conventional adherent monolayer cultivation (2D). These 3D approaches aim to study, reproduce or modify fundamental native features of the heart such as tissue organization and cardiovascular microenvironment. Therefore, these systems have great potential for (patient-specific) disease research, for the development of new drug screening platforms, and for the use in regenerative and replacement therapy applications. Consequently, continuous improvement and adaptation is required with respect to fundamental limitations such as cardiomyocyte maturation, scalability, heterogeneity, vascularization, and reproduction of native properties. In this review, 2D monolayer culturing and the 3D in vitro systems of cardiac spheroids, organoids, engineered cardiac microtissue and bioprinting as well as the ex vivo technique of myocardial slicing are introduced with their basic concepts, advantages, and limitations. Furthermore, recent advances of various new approaches aiming to extend as well as to optimize these in vitro and ex vivo systems are presented. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mohr
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Bär
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
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14
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Rosholm KR, Badone B, Karatsiompani S, Nagy D, Seibertz F, Voigt N, Bell DC. Adventures and Advances in Time Travel With Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Automated Patch Clamp. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:898717. [PMID: 35813069 PMCID: PMC9258620 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.898717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In the Hollywood blockbuster “The Curious Case of Benjamin Button” a fantastical fable unfolds of a man’s life that travels through time reversing the aging process; as the tale progresses, the frail old man becomes a vigorous, vivacious young man, then man becomes boy and boy becomes baby. The reality of cellular time travel, however, is far more wondrous: we now have the ability to both reverse and then forward time on mature cells. Four proteins were found to rewind the molecular clock of adult cells back to their embryonic, “blank canvas” pluripotent stem cell state, allowing these pluripotent stem cells to then be differentiated to fast forward their molecular clocks to the desired adult specialist cell types. These four proteins – the “Yamanaka factors” – form critical elements of this cellular time travel, which deservedly won Shinya Yamanaka the Nobel Prize for his lab’s work discovering them. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) hold much promise in our understanding of physiology and medicine. They encapsulate the signaling pathways of the desired cell types, such as cardiomyocytes or neurons, and thus act as model cells for defining the critical ion channel activity in healthy and disease states. Since hiPSCs can be derived from any patient, highly specific, personalized (or stratified) physiology, and/or pathophysiology can be defined, leading to exciting developments in personalized medicines and interventions. As such, hiPSC married with high throughput automated patch clamp (APC) ion channel recording platforms provide a foundation for significant physiological, medical and drug discovery advances. This review aims to summarize the current state of affairs of hiPSC and APC: the background and recent advances made; and the pros, cons and challenges of these technologies. Whilst the authors have yet to finalize a fully functional time traveling machine, they will endeavor to provide plausible future projections on where hiPSC and APC are likely to carry us. One future projection the authors are confident in making is the increasing necessity and adoption of these technologies in the discovery of the next blockbuster, this time a life-enhancing ion channel drug, not a fantastical movie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadla R. Rosholm
- Sophion Bioscience A/S, Ballerup, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Kadla R. Rosholm,
| | | | | | - David Nagy
- Sophion Bioscience Inc., Woburn, MA, United States
| | - Fitzwilliam Seibertz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Niels Voigt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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15
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Bremner S, Goldstein AJ, Higashi T, Sniadecki NJ. Engineered Heart Tissues for Contractile, Structural, and Transcriptional Assessment of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes in a Three-Dimensional, Auxotonic Environment. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2485:87-97. [PMID: 35618900 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2261-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional, human engineered heart tissue promotes maturation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) and provides a useful platform for in vitro cardiac development and disease modeling. This protocol describes the generation of fibrin-based engineered heart tissues (EHTs) containing hiPSC-CMs and human stromal cells. The platform makes use of racks of silicone posts that fit a standard 24-well dish. Stromal cells and hiPSC-CMs are cast in a fibrin hydrogel suspended between two silicone posts, forming an engineered tissue that generates synchronous contractions. The platform described herein is amenable to various measures of cardiac function including measurement of contractile force and calcium handling, as well as molecular biology assays and immunostaining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Bremner
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alex J Goldstein
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ty Higashi
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nathan J Sniadecki
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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16
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Velayutham N, Yutzey KE. Porcine Models of Heart Regeneration. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9040093. [PMID: 35448069 PMCID: PMC9025077 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Swine are popular large mammals for cardiac preclinical testing due to their similarities with humans in terms of organ size and physiology. Recent studies indicate an early neonatal regenerative capacity for swine hearts similar to small mammal laboratory models such as rodents, inspiring exciting possibilities for studying cardiac regeneration with the goal of improved clinical translation to humans. However, while swine hearts are anatomically similar to humans, fundamental differences exist in growth mechanisms, nucleation, and the maturation of pig cardiomyocytes, which could present difficulties for the translation of preclinical findings in swine to human therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the maturational dynamics of pig cardiomyocytes and their capacity for proliferative cardiac regeneration during early neonatal development to provide a perspective on swine as a preclinical model for developing cardiac gene- and cell-based regenerative therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedhitha Velayutham
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Katherine E. Yutzey
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Correspondence:
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17
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Floy ME, Dunn KK, Mateyka TD, Reichardt IM, Steinberg AB, Palecek SP. Direct coculture of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac progenitor cells with epicardial cells induces cardiomyocyte proliferation and reduces sarcomere organization. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 162:144-157. [PMID: 34560089 PMCID: PMC8766908 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Epicardial cells (EpiCs) are necessary for myocardium formation, yet little is known about crosstalk between EpiCs and cardiomyocytes (CMs) during development and the potential impact of EpiCs on CM maturation. To investigate the effects of EpiCs on CM commitment and maturation, we differentiated human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) and EpiCs, and cocultured EpiCs and CPCs for two weeks. When EpiCs were allowed to form epicardial-derived cells, we observed increased expression of cTnI in developing CMs. In the presence of the TGFβ inhibitor A83-01, EpiCs remained in the epicardial state and induced CM proliferation, increased MLC2v expression, and led to less organized sarcomeres. These effects were not observed if CPCs were treated with EpiC-conditioned medium or if CPCs were indirectly cocultured with EpiCs. Finally, single cell RNA sequencing identified that EpiC-CPC coculture had bi-directional effects on transcriptional programs in EpiCs and CMs, and biased EpiC lineages from a SFRP2-enriched population to a DLK1- or C3-enriched population. This work suggests important crosstalk between EpiCs and CMs during differentiation which can be used to influence cell fate and improve the ability to generate cardiac cells and tissues for in vitro models and development of cardiac cellular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha E. Floy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States of America
| | - Kaitlin K. Dunn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States of America
| | - Taylor D. Mateyka
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States of America
| | - Isabella M. Reichardt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States of America
| | - Alexandra B. Steinberg
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States of America
| | - Sean P. Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States of America,Correspondence:
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18
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Furkel J, Knoll M, Din S, Bogert NV, Seeger T, Frey N, Abdollahi A, Katus HA, Konstandin MH. C-MORE: A high-content single-cell morphology recognition methodology for liquid biopsies toward personalized cardiovascular medicine. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100436. [PMID: 34841289 PMCID: PMC8606902 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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In Vitro Model Systems of Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Myocarditis: Comparison of Commonly Used Cell Lines and Characterization of CVB3-Infected iCell ® Cardiomyocytes. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091835. [PMID: 34578416 PMCID: PMC8472939 DOI: 10.3390/v13091835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) belongs to the enteroviruses, which are a well-known cause of acute and chronic myocarditis, primarily infecting cardiac myocytes. As primary human cardiomyocytes are difficult to obtain, viral myocarditis is quite frequently studied in vitro in different non-cardiac and cardiac-like cell lines. Recently, cardiomyocytes that have been differentiated from human-induced pluripotent stem cells have been described as a new model system to study CVB3 infection. Here, we compared iCell® Cardiomyocytes with other cell lines that are commonly used to study CVB3 infection regarding their susceptibility and patterns of infection and the mode of cell death. iCell® Cardiomyocytes, HeLa cells, HL-1 cells and H9c2 cells were infected with CVB3 (Nancy strain). The viral load, CVB3 RNA genome localization, VP1 expression (including the intracellular localization), cellular morphology and the expression of cell death markers were compared. The various cell lines clearly differed in their permissiveness to CVB3 infection, patterns of infection, viral load, and mode of cell death. When studying the mode of cell death of CVB3-infected iCell® Cardiomyocytes in more detail, especially regarding the necroptosis key players RIPK1 and RIPK3, we found that RIPK1 is cleaved during CVB3 infection. iCell® Cardiomyocytes represent well the natural host of CVB3 in the heart and are thus the most appropriate model system to study molecular mechanisms of CVB3-induced myocarditis in vitro. Doubts are raised about the suitability of commonly used cell lines such as HeLa cells, HL-1 cells and H9c2 cells to evaluate molecular pathways and processes occurring in vivo in enteroviral myocarditis.
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20
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Abstract
Cardiac congenital disabilities are the most common organ malformations, but we still do not understand how they arise in the human embryo. Moreover, although cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death globally, the development of new therapies is lagging compared with other fields. One major bottleneck hindering progress is the lack of self-organizing human cardiac models that recapitulate key aspects of human heart development, physiology and disease. Current in vitro cardiac three-dimensional systems are either engineered constructs or spherical aggregates of cardiomyocytes and other cell types. Although tissue engineering enables the modeling of some electro-mechanical properties, it falls short of mimicking heart development, morphogenetic defects and many clinically relevant aspects of cardiomyopathies. Here, we review different approaches and recent efforts to overcome these challenges in the field using a new generation of self-organizing embryonic and cardiac organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Hofbauer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan M Jahnel
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sasha Mendjan
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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21
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Canine Myocytes Represent a Good Model for Human Ventricular Cells Regarding Their Electrophysiological Properties. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080748. [PMID: 34451845 PMCID: PMC8398821 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the limited availability of healthy human ventricular tissues, the most suitable animal model has to be applied for electrophysiological and pharmacological studies. This can be best identified by studying the properties of ion currents shaping the action potential in the frequently used laboratory animals, such as dogs, rabbits, guinea pigs, or rats, and comparing them to those of human cardiomyocytes. The authors of this article with the experience of three decades of electrophysiological studies, performed in mammalian and human ventricular tissues and isolated cardiomyocytes, summarize their results obtained regarding the major canine and human cardiac ion currents. Accordingly, L-type Ca2+ current (ICa), late Na+ current (INa-late), rapid and slow components of the delayed rectifier K+ current (IKr and IKs, respectively), inward rectifier K+ current (IK1), transient outward K+ current (Ito1), and Na+/Ca2+ exchange current (INCX) were characterized and compared. Importantly, many of these measurements were performed using the action potential voltage clamp technique allowing for visualization of the actual current profiles flowing during the ventricular action potential. Densities and shapes of these ion currents, as well as the action potential configuration, were similar in human and canine ventricular cells, except for the density of IK1 and the recovery kinetics of Ito. IK1 displayed a largely four-fold larger density in canine than human myocytes, and Ito recovery from inactivation displayed a somewhat different time course in the two species. On the basis of these results, it is concluded that canine ventricular cells represent a reasonably good model for human myocytes for electrophysiological studies, however, it must be borne in mind that due to their stronger IK1, the repolarization reserve is more pronounced in canine cells, and moderate differences in the frequency-dependent repolarization patterns can also be anticipated.
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22
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Seguret M, Vermersch E, Jouve C, Hulot JS. Cardiac Organoids to Model and Heal Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathies. Biomedicines 2021; 9:563. [PMID: 34069816 PMCID: PMC8157277 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering aims at creating contractile structures that can optimally reproduce the features of human cardiac tissue. These constructs are becoming valuable tools to model some of the cardiac functions, to set preclinical platforms for drug testing, or to alternatively be used as therapies for cardiac repair approaches. Most of the recent developments in cardiac tissue engineering have been made possible by important advances regarding the efficient generation of cardiac cells from pluripotent stem cells and the use of novel biomaterials and microfabrication methods. Different combinations of cells, biomaterials, scaffolds, and geometries are however possible, which results in different types of structures with gradual complexities and abilities to mimic the native cardiac tissue. Here, we intend to cover key aspects of tissue engineering applied to cardiology and the consequent development of cardiac organoids. This review presents various facets of the construction of human cardiac 3D constructs, from the choice of the components to their patterning, the final geometry of generated tissues, and the subsequent readouts and applications to model and treat cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Seguret
- INSERM, PARCC, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (M.S.); (E.V.); (C.J.)
| | - Eva Vermersch
- INSERM, PARCC, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (M.S.); (E.V.); (C.J.)
| | - Charlène Jouve
- INSERM, PARCC, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (M.S.); (E.V.); (C.J.)
| | - Jean-Sébastien Hulot
- INSERM, PARCC, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (M.S.); (E.V.); (C.J.)
- CIC1418 and DMU CARTE, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France
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23
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Ye L, Yu Y, Zhao ZA, Zhao D, Ni X, Wang Y, Fang X, Yu M, Wang Y, Tang JM, Chen Y, Shen Z, Lei W, Hu S. Patient-specific iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes reveal abnormal regulation of FGF16 in a familial atrial septal defect. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:859-871. [PMID: 33956078 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Congenital heart disease (CHD) frequently occurs in newborns due to abnormal formation of the heart or major blood vessels. Mutations in the GATA4 gene, which encodes GATA binding protein 4, are responsible for atrial septal defect (ASD), a common CHD. This study aims to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms of CHD using human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a family cohort with ASD. METHODS AND RESULTS Patient-specific iPSCs possess the same genetic information as the donor and can differentiate into various cell types from all three germ layers in vitro, thus presenting a promising approach for disease modeling and molecular mechanism research. Here, we generated a patient-specific iPSC line (iPSC-G4T280M) from a family cohort carrying a hereditary ASD mutation in GATA4 gene (T280M), as well as a human embryonic stem cell line (ESC-G4T280M) carrying the isogenic T280M mutation using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing method. The GATA4-mutant iPSCs and ESCs were then differentiated into cardiomyocytes (CMs) to model GATA4 mutation-associated ASD. We observed an obvious defect in cell proliferation in cardiomyocytes derived from both GATA4T280M-mutant iPSCs (iPSC-G4T280M-CMs) and ESCs (ESC-G4T280M-CMs), while the impaired proliferation ability of iPSC-G4T280M-CMs could be restored by gene correction. Integrated analysis of RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq data indicated that FGF16 is a direct target of wild-type GATA4. However, the T280M mutation obstructed GATA4 occupancy at the FGF16 promoter region, leading to impaired activation of FGF16 transcription. Overexpression of FGF16 in GATA4-mutant cardiomyocytes rescued the cell proliferation defect. The direct relationship between GATA4T280M and ASD was demonstrated in a human iPSC model for the first time. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study revealed the molecular mechanism of the GATA4T280M mutation in ASD. Understanding the roles of the GATA4-FGF16 axis in iPSC-CMs will shed light on heart development and provide novel insights for the treatment of ASD and other CHD disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqun Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - You Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Zhen-Ao Zhao
- Institute of Microcirculation & Department of Pathophysiology of Basic Medical College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Xuan Ni
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Xing Fang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Yongming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200432, China
| | - Jun-Ming Tang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medicine Science, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Central Lab, the Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214002, China
| | - Zhenya Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Shijun Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
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24
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Cell surface markers for immunophenotyping human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:1023-1039. [PMID: 33928456 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02549-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) self-renew and represent a potentially unlimited source for the production of cardiomyocytes (CMs) suitable for studies of human cardiac development, drug discovery, cardiotoxicity testing, and disease modelling and for cell-based therapies. However, most cardiac differentiation protocols yield mixed cultures of atrial-, ventricular-, and pacemaker-like cells at various stages of development, as well as non-CMs. The proportions and maturation states of these cell types result from disparities among differentiation protocols and time of cultivation, as well as hPSC reprogramming inconsistencies and genetic background variations. The reproducible use of hPSC-CMs for research and therapy is therefore limited by issues of cell population heterogeneity and functional states of maturation. A validated method that overcomes issues of cell heterogeneity is immunophenotyping coupled with live cell sorting, an approach that relies on accessible surface markers restricted to the desired cell type(s). Here we review current progress in unravelling heterogeneity in hPSC-cardiac cultures and in the identification of surface markers suitable for defining cardiac identity, subtype specificity, and maturation states.
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25
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Wong LY, Glatz JFC, Wang S, Geraets IME, Vanherle S, Wijngaard AVD, Brunner H, Luiken JJFP, Nabben M. Comparison of human and rodent cell models to study myocardial lipid-induced insulin resistance. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 167:102267. [PMID: 33751940 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Isolated or cultured cells have proven to be valuable model systems to investigate cellular (patho)biology and for screening of the efficacy of drugs or their possible side-effects. Pluripotent stem cells (PSC) can be readily obtained from healthy individuals as well as from diseased patients, and protocols have been developed to differentiate these cells into cardiomyocytes. Hence, these cellular models are moving center stage for a broader application. In this review, we focus on comparing mouse HL-1 cardiomyocytes, isolated adult rat cardiomyocytes, human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) for the study of metabolic aspects of cardiac functioning in health and disease. Various studies have reported that these cellular models are suitable for assessing substrate uptake and utilization, in that each display an adequate and similar response to physiological triggers, in particular the presence of insulin. Likewise, disease conditions, such as excess lipid supply, similarly affect each of these rodent and human cardiomyocyte models. It is concluded that PSC-CMs obtained from patients with cardiogenetic abnormalities are promising models to evaluate the functional consequence of gene variants with unknown significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yen Wong
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan F C Glatz
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+ and FHML, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Shujin Wang
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+ and FHML, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ilvy M E Geraets
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+ and FHML, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sabina Vanherle
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Arthur van den Wijngaard
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Han Brunner
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Joost J F P Luiken
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+ and FHML, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Miranda Nabben
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+ and FHML, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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26
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Fritsche E, Haarmann-Stemmann T, Kapr J, Galanjuk S, Hartmann J, Mertens PR, Kämpfer AAM, Schins RPF, Tigges J, Koch K. Stem Cells for Next Level Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006252. [PMID: 33354870 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The call for a paradigm change in toxicology from the United States National Research Council in 2007 initiates awareness for the invention and use of human-relevant alternative methods for toxicological hazard assessment. Simple 2D in vitro systems may serve as first screening tools, however, recent developments infer the need for more complex, multicellular organotypic models, which are superior in mimicking the complexity of human organs. In this review article most critical organs for toxicity assessment, i.e., skin, brain, thyroid system, lung, heart, liver, kidney, and intestine are discussed with regards to their functions in health and disease. Embracing the manifold modes-of-action how xenobiotic compounds can interfere with physiological organ functions and cause toxicity, the need for translation of such multifaceted organ features into the dish seems obvious. Currently used in vitro methods for toxicological applications and ongoing developments not yet arrived in toxicity testing are discussed, especially highlighting the potential of models based on embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells of human origin. Finally, the application of innovative technologies like organs-on-a-chip and genome editing point toward a toxicological paradigm change moves into action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Fritsche
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | | | - Julia Kapr
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Saskia Galanjuk
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Julia Hartmann
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Peter R Mertens
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, 39106, Germany
| | - Angela A M Kämpfer
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Roel P F Schins
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Julia Tigges
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Katharina Koch
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
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27
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Ye L, Zhang X, Zhou Q, Tan B, Xu H, Yi Q, Yan L, Xie M, Zhang Y, Tian J, Zhu J. Activation of AMPK Promotes Maturation of Cardiomyocytes Derived From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:644667. [PMID: 33768096 PMCID: PMC7985185 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.644667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) (hiPSC-CMs) are a promising cell source for disease modeling, myocardial regeneration, and drug assessment. However, hiPSC-CMs have certain immature fetal CM-like properties that are different from the characteristics of adult CMs in several aspects, including cellular structure, mitochondrial function, and metabolism, thus limiting their applications. Adenosine 5‘-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an energy-sensing protein kinase involved in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis in cardiomyocytes. This study investigated the effects of AMPK on the maturation of hiPSC-CMs. Activation of AMPK in hiPSC-CMs significantly increased the expression of CM-specific markers and resulted in a more mature myocardial structure compared to that in the control cells. We found that activation of AMPK improved mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) and the oxygen consumption rate (OCR). Additionally, our data demonstrated that activation of AMPK increased mitochondrial fusion to promote the maturation of mitochondrial structure and function. Overall, activation of AMPK is an effective approach to promote hiPSC-CMs maturation, which may enhance the utility of hiPSC-CMs in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ye
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Tan
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Yi
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Yan
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China.,Department of Cardiovascular (Internal Medicine), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
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28
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de Lange WJ, Farrell ET, Kreitzer CR, Jacobs DR, Lang D, Glukhov AV, Ralphe JC. Human iPSC-engineered cardiac tissue platform faithfully models important cardiac physiology. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1670-H1686. [PMID: 33606581 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00941.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CM) may provide an important bridge between animal models and the intact human myocardium. Fulfilling this potential is hampered by their relative immaturity, leading to poor physiological responsiveness. hiPSC-CMs grown in traditional two-dimensional (2D) culture lack a t-tubular system, have only rudimentary intracellular calcium-handling systems, express predominantly embryonic sarcomeric protein isoforms, and preferentially use glucose as an energy substrate. Culturing hiPSC-CM in a variety of three-dimensional (3D) environments and the addition of nutritional, pharmacological, and electromechanical stimuli have proven, to various degrees, to be beneficial for maturation. We present a detailed assessment of a novel model in which hiPSC-CMs and hiPSC-derived cardiac fibroblasts are cocultured in a 3D fibrin matrix to form engineered cardiac tissue constructs (hiPSC-ECTs). The hiPSC-ECTs are responsive to physiological stimuli, including stretch, frequency, and β-adrenergic stimulation, develop a t-tubular system, and demonstrate calcium-handling and contractile kinetics that compare favorably with ventricular human myocardium. Furthermore, transcript levels of various genes involved in calcium-handling and contraction are increased. These markers of maturation become more robust over a relatively short period of time in culture (6 wk vs. 2 wk in hiPSC-ECTs). A comparison of the hiPSC-ECT molecular and performance variables with those of human cardiac tissue and other available engineered tissue platforms is provided to aid selection of the most appropriate platform for the research question at hand. Important and noteworthy aspects of this human cardiac model system are its reliance on "off-the-shelf" equipment, ability to provide detailed physiological performance data, and the ability to achieve a relatively mature cardiac physiology without additional nutritional, pharmacological, and electromechanical stimuli that may elicit unintended effects on function.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study seeks to provide an in-depth assessment of contractile performance of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes cultured together with fibroblasts in a 3-dimensional-engineered tissue and compares performance both over time as cells mature, and with corresponding measures found in the literature using alternative 3D culture configurations. The suitability of 3D-engineered human cardiac tissues to model cardiac function is emphasized, and data provided to assist in the selection of the most appropriate configuration based on the target application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem J de Lange
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Emily T Farrell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Caroline R Kreitzer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Derek R Jacobs
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Di Lang
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Alexey V Glukhov
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - J Carter Ralphe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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29
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Saraf A, Rampoldi A, Chao M, Li D, Armand L, Hwang H, Liu R, Jha R, Fu H, Maxwell JT, Xu C. Functional and molecular effects of TNF-α on human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Stem Cell Res 2021; 52:102218. [PMID: 33592567 PMCID: PMC8080119 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory molecule tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is predominantly elevated in cytokine storm as well as worsening cardiac function. Here we model the molecular and functional effects of TNF-α in cardiomyocytes (CMs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC). We found that treatment of hiPSC-CMs with TNF-α increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caspase 3/7 activity and caused cell death and apoptosis. TNF-α treatment also resulted in dysregulation of cardiomyocyte function with respect to the increased abnormal calcium handling, calcium wave propagation between cells and excitation–contraction coupling. We also uncovered significant changes in gene expression and protein localization caused by TNF-α treatment. Notably, TNF-α treatment altered the expression of ion channels, dysregulated cadherins, and affected the localization of gap-junction protein connexin-43. In addition, TNF-α treatment up-regulated IL-32 (a human specific cytokine, not present in rodents and an inducer of TNF-α) and IL-34 and down-regulated glutamate receptors and cardiomyocyte contractile proteins. These findings provide insights into the molecular and functional consequences from the exposure of human cardiomyocytes to TNF-α. Our study provides a model to incorporate inflammatory factors into hiPSC-CM-based studies to evaluate mechanistic aspects of heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Saraf
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; University of Pittsburgh, Department of Medicine and Pediatrics and McGowan Regenerative Institute, 200 Lothorop Street, PUH, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Antonio Rampoldi
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Myra Chao
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lawrence Armand
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hyun Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Rajnesh Jha
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Haian Fu
- Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center and the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Joshua T Maxwell
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Chunhui Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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30
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Rampoldi A, Jha R, Fite J, Boland G, Xu C. Cryopreservation and CO 2-independent culture of 3D cardiac progenitors for spaceflight experiments. Biomaterials 2021; 269:120673. [PMID: 33493770 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Space experimentation of cardiomyocyte differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells offers an exciting opportunity to explore the potential of these cells for disease modeling, drug discovery and regenerative medicine. Previous studies on the International Space Station were done with 2D non-cryopreserved cultures of cardiomyocytes being loaded and cultivated in spaceflight culture modules with CO2. Here we report the development of methods of cryopreservation and CO2-independent culture of 3D cardiac progenitors. The cryopreservation allows preparation and pretesting of the cells before spaceflight, makes it easier to transport the cell culture, reduces the impact of strong gravitational force exerted on the cells during the launch of spaceflight, and accommodates a more flexible working schedule for the astronauts. The use of CO2-independent medium with supplements supports cell growth and differentiation without a CO2 incubator. With these methods, we conducted a spaceflight experiment through the SpaceX-20 mission to evaluate the effect of microgravity on the survival and differentiation of 3D cardiac progenitors. Our cryopreserved cardiac progenitor spheres were successfully cultivated in a spaceflight culture module without CO2 for 3 weeks aboard the International Space Station. Beating cardiomyocytes were generated and returned to the earth for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rampoldi
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rajneesh Jha
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Chunhui Xu
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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31
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Varró A, Tomek J, Nagy N, Virág L, Passini E, Rodriguez B, Baczkó I. Cardiac transmembrane ion channels and action potentials: cellular physiology and arrhythmogenic behavior. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:1083-1176. [PMID: 33118864 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00024.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are among the leading causes of mortality. They often arise from alterations in the electrophysiological properties of cardiac cells and their underlying ionic mechanisms. It is therefore critical to further unravel the pathophysiology of the ionic basis of human cardiac electrophysiology in health and disease. In the first part of this review, current knowledge on the differences in ion channel expression and properties of the ionic processes that determine the morphology and properties of cardiac action potentials and calcium dynamics from cardiomyocytes in different regions of the heart are described. Then the cellular mechanisms promoting arrhythmias in congenital or acquired conditions of ion channel function (electrical remodeling) are discussed. The focus is on human-relevant findings obtained with clinical, experimental, and computational studies, given that interspecies differences make the extrapolation from animal experiments to human clinical settings difficult. Deepening the understanding of the diverse pathophysiology of human cellular electrophysiology will help in developing novel and effective antiarrhythmic strategies for specific subpopulations and disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Varró
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Cardiovascular Pharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jakub Tomek
- Department of Computer Science, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Norbert Nagy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Cardiovascular Pharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Virág
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Elisa Passini
- Department of Computer Science, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Blanca Rodriguez
- Department of Computer Science, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - István Baczkó
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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32
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Jensen B, Christoffels VM, Moorman AFM. An Appreciation of Anatomy in the Molecular World. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2020; 7:E44. [PMID: 33076272 PMCID: PMC7712948 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7040044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Robert H. Anderson is one of the most important and accomplished cardiac anatomists of the last decades, having made major contributions to our understanding of the anatomy of normal hearts and the pathologies of acquired and congenital heart diseases. While cardiac anatomy as a research discipline has become largely subservient to molecular biology, anatomists like Professor Anderson demonstrate anatomy has much to offer. Here, we provide cases of early anatomical insights on the heart that were rediscovered, and expanded on, by molecular techniques: migration of neural crest cells to the heart was deduced from histological observations (1908) and independently shown again with experimental interventions; pharyngeal mesoderm is added to the embryonic heart (1973) in what is now defined as the molecularly distinguishable second heart field; chambers develop from the heart tube as regional pouches in what is now considered the ballooning model by the molecular identification of regional differentiation and proliferation. The anatomical discovery of the conduction system by Purkinje, His, Tawara, Keith, and Flack is a special case because the main findings were never neglected in later molecular studies. Professor Anderson has successfully demonstrated that sound knowledge of anatomy is indispensable for proper understanding of cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjarke Jensen
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (V.M.C.); (A.F.M.M.)
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33
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Single-cell protein expression of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes using Single-Cell Westerns. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 149:115-122. [PMID: 33010256 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability to reprogram human somatic cells into human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has enabled researchers to generate cell types in vitro that have the potential to faithfully recapitulate patient-specific disease processes and phenotypes. hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) offer the promise of in vitro patient- and disease-specific models for drug testing and the discovery of novel therapeutic approaches for treating cardiovascular diseases. While methods to differentiate hiPSCs into cardiomyocytes have been demonstrated, the heterogeneity and immaturity of these differentiated populations have restricted their potential in reproducing human disease and the associated target cell phenotypes. These barriers may be overcome through comprehensive single-cell characterization to dissect the rich heterogeneity of hiPSC-CMs and to study the source of varying cell fates. In this study, we optimized and validated a new Single-Cell Western method to assess protein expression in hiPSC-CMs. To better understand distinct subpopulations generated from cardiomyocyte differentiations and to track populations at single-cell resolution over time, we measured and quantified the expression of cardiomyocyte subtype-specific proteins (MLC2V and MLC2A) using Single-Cell Westerns. By understanding their heterogeneity through single-cell protein expression and quantification, we may improve upon current cardiomyocyte differentiation protocols, generate hiPSC-CMs that are more representative of in vivo derived cardiomyocytes for disease modeling, and utilize hiPSC-CMs for regenerative medicine purposes. Single-Cell Westerns provide a robust platform for protein expression analysis at single-cell resolution.
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34
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Li Q, Wang J, Wu Q, Cao N, Yang HT. Perspective on human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in heart disease modeling and repair. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:1121-1128. [PMID: 32725800 PMCID: PMC7519762 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart diseases (HDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite remarkable clinical progress made, current therapies cannot restore the lost myocardium, and the correlation of genotype to phenotype of many HDs is poorly modeled. In the past two decades, with the rapid developments of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) biology and technology that allow the efficient preparation of cardiomyocytes from individual patients, tremendous efforts have been made for using hPSC‐derived cardiomyocytes in preclinical and clinical cardiac therapy as well as in dissection of HD mechanisms to develop new methods for disease prediction and treatment. However, their applications have been hampered by several obstacles. Here, we discuss recent advances, remaining challenges, and the potential solutions to advance this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, CAS, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Wang
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, CAS, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Cao
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huang-Tian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, CAS, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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35
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Williams B, Löbel W, Finklea F, Halloin C, Ritzenhoff K, Manstein F, Mohammadi S, Hashemi M, Zweigerdt R, Lipke E, Cremaschi S. Prediction of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Cardiac Differentiation Outcome by Multifactorial Process Modeling. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:851. [PMID: 32793579 PMCID: PMC7390976 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cardiomyocytes (CMs) have potential for use in therapeutic cell therapy and high-throughput drug screening. Because of the inability to expand adult CMs, their large-scale production from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) has been suggested. Significant improvements have been made in understanding directed differentiation processes of CMs from hPSCs and their suspension culture-based production at chemically defined conditions. However, optimization experiments are costly, time-consuming, and highly variable, leading to challenges in developing reliable and consistent protocols for the generation of large CM numbers at high purity. This study examined the ability of data-driven modeling with machine learning for identifying key experimental conditions and predicting final CM content using data collected during hPSC-cardiac differentiation in advanced stirred tank bioreactors (STBRs). Through feature selection, we identified process conditions, features, and patterns that are the most influential on and predictive of the CM content at the process endpoint, on differentiation day 10 (dd10). Process-related features were extracted from experimental data collected from 58 differentiation experiments by feature engineering. These features included data continuously collected online by the bioreactor system, such as dissolved oxygen concentration and pH patterns, as well as offline determined data, including the cell density, cell aggregate size, and nutrient concentrations. The selected features were used as inputs to construct models to classify the resulting CM content as being "sufficient" or "insufficient" regarding pre-defined thresholds. The models built using random forests and Gaussian process modeling predicted insufficient CM content for a differentiation process with 90% accuracy and precision on dd7 of the protocol and with 85% accuracy and 82% precision at a substantially earlier stage: dd5. These models provide insight into potential key factors affecting hPSC cardiac differentiation to aid in selecting future experimental conditions and can predict the final CM content at earlier process timepoints, providing cost and time savings. This study suggests that data-driven models and machine learning techniques can be employed using existing data for understanding and improving production of a specific cell type, which is potentially applicable to other lineages and critical for realization of their therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Williams
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Wiebke Löbel
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Ferdous Finklea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Caroline Halloin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Katharina Ritzenhoff
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Felix Manstein
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Samira Mohammadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | | | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Lipke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Selen Cremaschi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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36
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Villar D, Frost S, Deloukas P, Tinker A. The contribution of non-coding regulatory elements to cardiovascular disease. Open Biol 2020; 10:200088. [PMID: 32603637 PMCID: PMC7574544 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease collectively accounts for a quarter of deaths worldwide. Genome-wide association studies across a range of cardiovascular traits and pathologies have highlighted the prevalence of common non-coding genetic variants within candidate loci. Here, we review genetic, epigenomic and molecular approaches to investigate the contribution of non-coding regulatory elements in cardiovascular biology. We then discuss recent insights on the emerging role of non-coding variation in predisposition to cardiovascular disease, with a focus on novel mechanistic examples from functional genomics studies. Lastly, we consider the clinical significance of these findings at present, and some of the current challenges facing the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Villar
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Stephanie Frost
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Heart Centre, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Andrew Tinker
- William Harvey Research Institute, Heart Centre, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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37
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Multiparametric Mechanistic Profiling of Inotropic Drugs in Adult Human Primary Cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7692. [PMID: 32376974 PMCID: PMC7203129 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64657-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Effects of non-cardiac drugs on cardiac contractility can lead to serious adverse events. Furthermore, programs aimed at treating heart failure have had limited success and this therapeutic area remains a major unmet medical need. The challenges in assessing drug effect on cardiac contractility point to the fundamental translational value of the current preclinical models. Therefore, we sought to develop an adult human primary cardiomyocyte contractility model that has the potential to provide a predictive preclinical approach for simultaneously predicting drug-induced inotropic effect (sarcomere shortening) and generating multi-parameter data to profile different mechanisms of action based on cluster analysis of a set of 12 contractility parameters. We report that 17 positive and 9 negative inotropes covering diverse mechanisms of action exerted concentration-dependent increases and decreases in sarcomere shortening, respectively. Interestingly, the multiparametric readout allowed for the differentiation of inotropes operating via distinct mechanisms. Hierarchical clustering of contractility transient parameters, coupled with principal component analysis, enabled the classification of subsets of both positive as well as negative inotropes, in a mechanism-related mode. Thus, human cardiomyocyte contractility model could accurately facilitate informed mechanistic-based decision making, risk management and discovery of molecules with the most desirable pharmacological profile for the correction of heart failure.
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38
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Liu Y, Bai H, Guo F, Thai PN, Luo X, Zhang P, Yang C, Feng X, Zhu D, Guo J, Liang P, Xu Z, Yang H, Lu X. PGC-1α activator ZLN005 promotes maturation of cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:7411-7430. [PMID: 32343674 PMCID: PMC7202542 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) have great potential in biomedical applications. However, the immature state of cardiomyocytes obtained using existing protocols limits the application of hPSC-CMs. Unlike adult cardiac myocytes, hPSC-CMs generate ATP through an immature metabolic pathway—aerobic glycolysis, instead of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Hence, metabolic switching is critical for functional maturation in hPSC-CMs. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) is a key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism, which may help promote cardiac maturation during development. In this study, we investigated the effects of PGC-1α and its activator ZLN005 on the maturation of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (hESC-CM). hESC-CMs were generated using a chemically defined differentiation protocol and supplemented with either ZLN005 or DMSO (control) on differentiating days 10 to 12. Biological assays were then performed around day 30. ZLN005 treatment upregulated the expressions of PGC-1α and mitochondrial function-related genes in hESC-CMs and induced more mature energy metabolism compared with the control group. In addition, ZLN005 treatment increased cell sarcomere length, improved cell calcium handling, and enhanced intercellular connectivity. These findings support an effective approach to promote hESC-CM maturation, which is critical for the application of hESC-CM in disease modeling, drug screening, and engineering cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Liu
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huajun Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengfeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Phung N Thai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Xiaoling Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunli Yang
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Feng
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhice Xu
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huangtian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, CAS, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyuan Lu
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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39
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Chu AJ, Zhao EJ, Chiao M, Lim CJ. Co-culture of induced pluripotent stem cells with cardiomyocytes is sufficient to promote their differentiation into cardiomyocytes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230966. [PMID: 32243463 PMCID: PMC7122760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Various types of stem cells and non-stem cells have been shown to differentiate or transdifferentiate into cardiomyocytes by way of co-culture with appropriate inducer cells. However, there is a limited demonstration of a co-culture induction system utilizing stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes as a stimulatory source for cardiac reprogramming (of stem cells or otherwise). In this study, we utilized an inductive co-culture method to show that previously differentiated induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iCMs), when co-cultivated with iPS cells, constituted a sufficient stimulatory system to induce cardiac differentiation. To enable tracking of both cell populations, we utilized GFP-labeled iPS cells and non-labeled iCMs pre-differentiated using inhibitors of GSK and Wnt signaling. Successful differentiation was assessed by the exhibition of spontaneous self-contractions, structural organization of α-actinin labeled sarcomeres, and expression of cardiac specific markers cTnT and α-actinin. We found that iCM-iPS cell-cell contact was essential for inductive differentiation, and this required overlaying already adherent iPS cells with iCMs. Importantly, this process was achieved without the exogenous addition of pathway inhibitors and morphogens, suggesting that 'older' iCMs serve as an adequate stimulatory source capable of recapitulating the necessary culture environment for cardiac differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel J. Chu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Eric Jiahua Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Mu Chiao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
- * E-mail: (CJL); (MC)
| | - Chinten James Lim
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
- * E-mail: (CJL); (MC)
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40
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Blair CA, Pruitt BL. Mechanobiology Assays with Applications in Cardiomyocyte Biology and Cardiotoxicity. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901656. [PMID: 32270928 PMCID: PMC7480481 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes are the motor units that drive the contraction and relaxation of the heart. Traditionally, testing of drugs for cardiotoxic effects has relied on primary cardiomyocytes from animal models and focused on short-term, electrophysiological, and arrhythmogenic effects. However, primary cardiomyocytes present challenges arising from their limited viability in culture, and tissue from animal models suffers from a mismatch in their physiology to that of human heart muscle. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) can address these challenges. They also offer the potential to study not only electrophysiological effects but also changes in cardiomyocyte contractile and mechanical function in response to cardiotoxic drugs. With growing recognition of the long-term cardiotoxic effects of some drugs on subcellular structure and function, there is increasing interest in using hiPSC-CMs for in vitro cardiotoxicity studies. This review provides a brief overview of techniques that can be used to quantify changes in the active force that cardiomyocytes generate and variations in their inherent stiffness in response to cardiotoxic drugs. It concludes by discussing the application of these tools in understanding how cardiotoxic drugs directly impact the mechanobiology of cardiomyocytes and how cardiomyocytes sense and respond to mechanical load at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheavar A. Blair
- Department of mechanical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Beth L. Pruitt
- Department of mechanical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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41
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A Novel Fluorescent Reporter System Identifies Laminin-511/521 as Potent Regulators of Cardiomyocyte Maturation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4249. [PMID: 32144297 PMCID: PMC7060274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61163-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CMs) hold great promise for disease modeling and drug discovery. However, PSC-CMs exhibit immature phenotypes in culture, and the lack of maturity limits their broad applications. While physical and functional analyses are generally used to determine the status of cardiomyocyte maturation, they could be time-consuming and often present challenges in comparing maturation-enhancing strategies. Therefore, there is a demand for a method to assess cardiomyocyte maturation rapidly and reproducibly. In this study, we found that Myomesin-2 (Myom2), encoding M-protein, is upregulated postnatally, and based on this, we targeted TagRFP to the Myom2 locus in mouse embryonic stem cells. Myom2-RFP+ PSC-CMs exhibited more mature phenotypes than RFP- cells in morphology, function and transcriptionally, conductive to sarcomere shortening assays. Using this system, we screened extracellular matrices (ECMs) and identified laminin-511/521 as potent enhancers of cardiomyocyte maturation. Together, we developed and characterized a novel fluorescent reporter system for the assessment of cardiomyocyte maturation and identified potent maturation-enhancing ECMs through this simple and rapid assay. This system is expected to facilitate use of PSC-CMs in a variety of scientific and medical investigations.
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42
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Ulmer BM, Eschenhagen T. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for studying energy metabolism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118471. [PMID: 30954570 PMCID: PMC7042711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte energy metabolism is altered in heart failure, and primary defects of metabolic pathways can cause heart failure. Studying cardiac energetics in rodent models has principal shortcomings, raising the question to which extent human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) can provide an alternative. As metabolic maturation of CM occurs mostly after birth during developmental hypertrophy, the immaturity of hiPSC-CM is an important limitation. Here we shortly review the physiological drivers of metabolic maturation and concentrate on methods to mature hiPSC-CM with the goal to benchmark the metabolic state of hiPSC-CM against in vivo data and to see how far known abnormalities in inherited metabolic disorders can be modeled in hiPSC-CM. The current data indicate that hiPSC-CM, despite their immature, approximately mid-fetal state of energy metabolism, faithfully recapitulate some basic metabolic disease mechanisms. Efforts to improve their metabolic maturity are underway and shall improve the validity of this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bärbel M Ulmer
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; German Centre for Heart Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; German Centre for Heart Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.
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43
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Le Harzic R, Meiser I, Neubauer JC, Riemann I, Schiffer M, Stracke F, Zimmermann H. Diffraction-based technology for the monitoring of contraction dynamics in 3D and 2D tissue models. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:517-532. [PMID: 32206385 PMCID: PMC7041462 DOI: 10.1364/boe.11.000517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel optical device developed for the monitoring of dynamic behavior in extended 3D-tissue models in various culture environments based on variations in their speckle patterns. The results presented point out the benefit of the technology in terms of detection, accuracy, sensitivity and a reasonable read-out speed as well as reproducibility for the measurements and monitoring of cardiac contractions. We show that the optical read-out technology is suitable for long time monitoring and for drug screening. The method is discussed and compared to other techniques, in particular calcium imaging. The device is flexible and easily adaptable to 2D and 3D-tissue model screenings using different culture environments. The technology can be parallelized for automated read-out of different multi-well-plate formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Le Harzic
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Ina Meiser
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Julia C. Neubauer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany
- Fraunhofer Project Centre for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Iris Riemann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Michael Schiffer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Frank Stracke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Heiko Zimmermann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany
- Saarland University, Chair Molecular & Cellular Biotechnology /Nanotechnology, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Faculty of Marine Science, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
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44
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Silbernagel N, Körner A, Balitzki J, Jaggy M, Bertels S, Richter B, Hippler M, Hellwig A, Hecker M, Bastmeyer M, Ullrich ND. Shaping the heart: Structural and functional maturation of iPSC-cardiomyocytes in 3D-micro-scaffolds. Biomaterials 2020; 227:119551. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Abi-Gerges N, Miller PE, Ghetti A. Human Heart Cardiomyocytes in Drug Discovery and Research: New Opportunities in Translational Sciences. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 21:787-806. [PMID: 31820682 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666191210142023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In preclinical drug development, accurate prediction of drug effects on the human heart is critically important, whether in the context of cardiovascular safety or for the purpose of modulating cardiac function to treat heart disease. Current strategies have significant limitations, whereby, cardiotoxic drugs can escape detection or potential life-saving therapies are abandoned due to false positive toxicity signals. Thus, new and more reliable translational approaches are urgently needed to help accelerate the rate of new therapy development. Renewed efforts in the recovery of human donor hearts for research and in cardiomyocyte isolation methods, are providing new opportunities for preclinical studies in adult primary cardiomyocytes. These cells exhibit the native physiological and pharmacological properties, overcoming the limitations presented by artificial cellular models, animal models and have great potential for providing an excellent tool for preclinical drug testing. Adult human primary cardiomyocytes have already shown utility in assessing drug-induced cardiotoxicity risk and helping in the identification of new treatments for cardiac diseases, such as heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Finally, strategies with actionable decision-making trees that rely on data derived from adult human primary cardiomyocytes will provide the holistic insights necessary to accurately predict human heart effects of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najah Abi-Gerges
- AnaBios Corporation, 3030 Bunker Hill St., Suite 312, San Diego, CA 92109, United States
| | - Paul E Miller
- AnaBios Corporation, 3030 Bunker Hill St., Suite 312, San Diego, CA 92109, United States
| | - Andre Ghetti
- AnaBios Corporation, 3030 Bunker Hill St., Suite 312, San Diego, CA 92109, United States
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46
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Pires RH, Shree N, Manu E, Guzniczak E, Otto O. Cardiomyocyte mechanodynamics under conditions of actin remodelling. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20190081. [PMID: 31587648 PMCID: PMC6792454 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanical performance of cardiomyocytes (CMs) is an important indicator of their maturation state and of primary importance for the development of therapies based on cardiac stem cells. As the mechanical analysis of adherent cells at high-throughput remains challenging, we explore the applicability of real-time deformability cytometry (RT-DC) to probe cardiomyocytes in suspension. RT-DC is a microfluidic technology allowing for real-time mechanical analysis of thousands of cells with a throughput exceeding 1000 cells per second. For CMs derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells, we determined a Young's modulus of 1.25 ± 0.08 kPa which is in close range to previous reports. Upon challenging the cytoskeleton with cytochalasin D (CytoD) to induce filamentous actin depolymerization, we distinguish three different regimes in cellular elasticity. Transitions are observed below 10 nM and above 103 nM and are characterized by a decrease in Young's modulus. These regimes can be linked to cytoskeletal and sarcomeric actin contributions by CM contractility measurements at varying CytoD concentrations, where we observe a significant reduction in pulse duration only above 103 nM while no change is found for compound exposure at lower concentrations. Comparing our results to mechanical cell measurements using atomic force microscopy, we demonstrate for the first time to our knowledge, the feasibility of using a microfluidic technique to measure mechanical properties of large samples of adherent cells while linking our results to the composition of the cytoskeletal network. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Single cell ecology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo H. Pires
- Zentrum für Innovationskompetenz: Humorale Immunreaktionen bei kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, Universität Greifswald, Fleischmannstrasse 42, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nithya Shree
- Zentrum für Innovationskompetenz: Humorale Immunreaktionen bei kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, Universität Greifswald, Fleischmannstrasse 42, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Manu
- Zentrum für Innovationskompetenz: Humorale Immunreaktionen bei kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, Universität Greifswald, Fleischmannstrasse 42, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ewa Guzniczak
- Heriot-Watt University School of Engineering and Physical Science, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Edinburgh Campus, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Oliver Otto
- Zentrum für Innovationskompetenz: Humorale Immunreaktionen bei kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, Universität Greifswald, Fleischmannstrasse 42, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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47
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Lancaster JJ, Koevary JW, Chinyere IR, Daugherty SL, Fox KA, Goldman S. Surgical treatment for heart failure: cell-based therapy with engineered tissue. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3. [PMID: 32789290 PMCID: PMC7418896 DOI: 10.20517/2574-1209.2019.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review will outline cell-based therapy for heart failure focusing on tissue engineering to deliver cells to the damaged heart. We will present an overview of the central approaches focusing on pluripotent stem cell-derived cells, mechanisms of action, autologous vs. allogeneic cell approaches, immunologic modulation, and safety considerations. We will outline the progress that has been made to-date and define the areas that still need to be investigated in order to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan J Lancaster
- Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Jen Watson Koevary
- Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Ikeotunye Royal Chinyere
- Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Sherry L Daugherty
- Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Kenneth A Fox
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Steven Goldman
- Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
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48
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Błyszczuk P. Myocarditis in Humans and in Experimental Animal Models. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:64. [PMID: 31157241 PMCID: PMC6532015 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis is defined as an inflammation of the cardiac muscle. In humans, various infectious and non-infectious triggers induce myocarditis with a broad spectrum of histological presentations and clinical symptoms of the disease. Myocarditis often resolves spontaneously, but some patients develop heart failure and require organ transplantation. The need to understand cellular and molecular mechanisms of inflammatory heart diseases led to the development of mouse models for experimental myocarditis. It has been shown that pathogenic agents inducing myocarditis in humans can often trigger the disease in mice. Due to multiple etiologies of inflammatory heart diseases in humans, a number of different experimental approaches have been developed to induce myocarditis in mice. Accordingly, experimental myocarditis in mice can be induced by infection with cardiotropic agents, such as coxsackievirus B3 and protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi or by activating autoimmune responses against heart-specific antigens. In certain models, myocarditis is followed by the phenotype of dilated cardiomyopathy and the end stage of heart failure. This review describes the most commonly used mouse models of experimental myocarditis with a focus on the role of the innate and adaptive immune systems in induction and progression of the disease. The review discusses also advantages and limitations of individual mouse models in the context of the clinical manifestation and the course of the disease in humans. Finally, animal-free alternatives in myocarditis research are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Błyszczuk
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.,Department of Rheumatology, Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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49
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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