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Sobhi N, Abdollahi M, Arman A, Mahmoodpoor A, Jafarizadeh A. Methanol Induced Optic Neuropathy: Molecular Mysteries, Public Health Perspective, Clinical Insights and Treatment Strategies. Semin Ophthalmol 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38804878 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2024.2358310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Methanol-induced optic neuropathy (MION) represents a critical public health issue, particularly prevalent in lower socioeconomic populations and regions with restricted alcohol access. MION, characterized by irreversible visual impairment, arises from the toxic metabolization of methanol into formaldehyde and formic acid, leading to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation inhibition, oxidative stress, and subsequent neurotoxicity. The pathogenesis involves axonal and glial cell degeneration within the optic nerve and potential retinal damage. Despite advancements in therapeutic interventions, a significant proportion of affected individuals endure persistent visual sequelae. The study comprehensively investigates the pathophysiology of MION, encompassing the absorption and metabolism of methanol, subsequent systemic effects, and ocular impacts. Histopathological changes, including alterations in retinal layers and proteins, Müller cell dysfunction, and visual symptoms, are meticulously examined to provide insights into the disease mechanism. Furthermore, preventive measures and public health perspectives are discussed to highlight the importance of awareness and intervention strategies. Therapeutic approaches, such as decontamination procedures, ethanol and fomepizole administration, hemodialysis, intravenous fluids, electrolyte balance management, nutritional therapy, corticosteroid therapy, and erythropoietin (EPO) treatment, are evaluated for their efficacy in managing MION. This comprehensive review underscores the need for increased awareness, improved diagnostic strategies, and more effective treatments to mitigate the impact of MION on global health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Sobhi
- Nikookari Eye Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mirsaeed Abdollahi
- Nikookari Eye Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Arman
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ata Mahmoodpoor
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive care, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Jafarizadeh
- Nikookari Eye Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Mi Y, Zhu Q, Zheng X, Wan M. The protective role of water intake in age-related eye diseases: insights from a Mendelian randomization study. Food Funct 2024; 15:5147-5157. [PMID: 38682722 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01559b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Age-related eye diseases (AREDs), including age-related cataracts (ARCs), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and glaucoma, are a leading cause of visual loss globally. This study aimed to explore the effects of dietary water intake on AREDs using Mendelian randomization. In the European population, genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics of water intake and AREDs were obtained from the UK Biobank database and the FinnGen Consortium, respectively. The causal associations between water intake and ARED risks were explored by univariable and multivariable MR analyses, followed by sensitivity analyses to test the robustness of the results and detect potential pleiotropy bias. Water intake was associated with reduced risks of ARCs (odds ratio [OR]: 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.46-0.83; P = 1.44 × 10-3) and DR (OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.36-0.76; P = 5.47 × 10-4), and a suggestive reduced risk of AMD (OR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.20-0.88; P = 2.18 × 10-2). Water intake had no effect on glaucoma (OR: 1.16; 95% CI: 0.72-1.88; P = 0.549). After adjusting confounders, the causal effects of water intake on ARCs and DR persisted. Our study provides evidence of the preventive role of water intake in ARCs and DR from a genetic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuze Mi
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Qinnan Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Xinni Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Minghui Wan
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
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Xiong K, Mao H, Zhang Q, Lei C, Liang Y. Associations between vision impairment and multimorbidity among older Chinese adults: results from the China health and retirement longitudinal study. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:688. [PMID: 37875816 PMCID: PMC10594768 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04393-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although several studies have reported the relationship between vision impairment (VI) and multimorbidity in high-income countries, this relationship has not been reported in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to explore the relationship between VI with multimorbidity and chronic conditions among the elderly Chinese population. METHODS The cross-sectional analysis was applied to data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2018. A total of 8,108 participants ≥ 60 years old were included, and 15 chronic conditions were used in this study. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between VI with multimorbidity and chronic conditions. RESULTS The prevalence of 15 chronic conditions and multimorbidity was higher among the elderly with VI than those without VI. After adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic confounders, 10 chronic conditions were associated with VI (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, positive association was observed between VI and one (odds ratio [OR]: 1.52; 95% confidence intervals [95%CI]: 1.16-2.00; P = 0.002), two (OR: 2.09; 95%CI: 1.61-2.71; P < 0.001), three (OR: 2.87; 95%CI: 2.22-3.72; P < 0.001), four (OR: 3.60; 95%CI: 2.77-4.69; P < 0.001), and five or more (OR: 5.53; 95%CI: 4.32-7.09; P < 0.001) chronic conditions, and the association increased as the number of chronic conditions (P for trend < 0.001). Sensitivity analysis stratified by gender, education, smoking status, and annual per capita household expenditure still found VI to be positively associated with multimorbidity. CONCLUSIONS For patients older than 60 years, VI was independently associated with multimorbidity and various chronic conditions. This result has important implications for healthcare resource plans and clinical practice, for example, increased diabetes and kidney function screening for patients with VI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xiong
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huiyan Mao
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi'ao Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changrong Lei
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanbo Liang
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.
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Kulkarni A, Banait S. Through the Smoke: An In-Depth Review on Cigarette Smoking and Its Impact on Ocular Health. Cureus 2023; 15:e47779. [PMID: 38021969 PMCID: PMC10676518 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking is a widespread and pervasive habit, impacting health across various care settings, including acute care, subacute care, home-based care, and long-term care. Smoking is a serious global public health concern that has been related to many chronic diseases. However, the effect of smoking on eye disorders has been less studied. Cigarette smoke contains a complex mixture of harmful constituents, including nicotine and toxic chemicals, which permeate the bloodstream, affecting ocular tissues. The oxidative stress and inflammation induced by smoking are central to its detrimental effects on ocular health. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of vision loss, exhibits a strong association with smoking. Research consistently demonstrates that smokers face a heightened risk of both early and advanced AMD. Cataracts, another prevalent ocular condition, develop earlier and progress more rapidly in smokers. The oxidative stress on the lens and reduced antioxidants among smokers contribute to the increased severity of cataracts. Moreover, the health of the eyes may be compromised by smoking-related chemicals that reduce blood flow and/or hasten thrombus formation in ocular capillaries thus increasing the chance of acquiring glaucoma, cataracts, AMD, and Graves' eye disease. Beyond individual health concerns, the societal implications of smoking on ocular health are substantial, including increased healthcare costs and diminished quality of life for affected individuals. Understanding the underlying mechanisms can provide insights into potential therapeutic interventions for preventing and managing smoking-related ocular damage. Given the global prevalence of smoking, raising awareness about the ocular risks associated with smoking is crucial for promoting eye health. The review underscores the urgent need for comprehensive anti-smoking initiatives and smoking cessation programs to alleviate the burden of ocular diseases associated with smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryan Kulkarni
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Shashank Banait
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Pitel AL, Laniepce A, Boudehent C, Poirel N. Impaired Global Precedence Effect in Severe Alcohol Use Disorder and Korsakoff's Syndrome: A Pilot Exploration through a Global/Local Visual Paradigm. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12113655. [PMID: 37297850 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In healthy populations, visual abilities are characterized by a faster and more efficient processing of global features in a stimulus compared to local ones. This phenomenon is known as the global precedence effect (GPE), which is demonstrated by (1) a global advantage, resulting in faster response times for global features than local features and (2) interference from global distractors during the identification of local targets, but not vice versa. This GPE is essential for adapting visual processing in everyday life (e.g., extracting useful information from complex scenes). We investigated how the GPE is affected in patients with Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) compared to patients with severe alcohol use disorder (sAUD). Three groups (including healthy controls, patients with KS and patients with sAUD) completed a global/local visual task in which predefined targets appeared at the global or local level during either congruent or incongruent (i.e., interference) situations. The results showed that healthy controls (N = 41) presented a classical GPE, while patients with sAUD (N = 16) presented neither a global advantage nor global interference effects. Patients with KS (N = 7) presented no global advantage and an inversion of the interference effect, characterized by strong interference from local information during global processing. The absence of the GPE in sAUD and the interference from local information in KS have implications in daily-life situations, providing preliminary data for a better understanding of how these patients perceive their visual world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lise Pitel
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, 14074 Caen, France
| | - Alice Laniepce
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, 14074 Caen, France
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, CRFDP (EA 7475), 76821 Rouen, France
| | - Céline Boudehent
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, 14074 Caen, France
| | - Nicolas Poirel
- Université Paris Cité, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
- GIP Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
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A Dose–Response Relationship of Alcohol Consumption with Risk of Visual Impairment in Korean Adults: The Kangbuk Samsung Health Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040791. [PMID: 35215441 PMCID: PMC8875794 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual impairment is a global health problem that leads to poor quality of life. The aim of the study was to examine the dose–response relationship between alcohol consumption and incident visual impairment (VI). This longitudinal cohort study consisted of 287,352 Korean adults who attended health screenings between March 2011 and December 2017 and were followed for up to 8.8 years (median, 4.9 years). Participants were categorized based on their average alcohol consumption. VI was defined as bilateral visual acuity (VA) worse than 0.3 logMAR. We identified 8320 cases of new-onset bilateral VI (incidence rate, 6.0/1000 person-years). Increased alcohol intake was positively and dose-dependently associated with elevated incidence of VI (ptrend < 0.001). With lifetime abstinence (reference), the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) for incident VI with alcohol intake of <10, 10 to <20, 20–39.9, and ≥40 g/day were 1.07 (0.96–1.19), 1.15 (1.03–1.30), 1.15 (1.01–1.30), and 1.23 (1.08–1.40), respectively. Frequent binge drinking (≥once/per week) was associated with elevated risk of VI (HRs, 1.22; 95% CIs: 1.13–1.32). Former drinkers, particularly men, were at a higher risk for incident VI than lifetime abstainers. Similar associations were observed on evaluating changes in alcohol consumption and other confounders as time-varying covariates. Alcohol consumption, both in moderation and excess, was associated with increased VI incidence.
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Liu J, Hu H, Qiu S, Wang D, Liu J, Du Z, Sun Z. The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy: Screening and Prophylaxis Project in 6 Provinces of China. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:2911-2925. [PMID: 36186939 PMCID: PMC9518998 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s378500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and advanced DR in Chinese adults with diabetes mellitus (DM). PATIENTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed on 4831 diabetic patients from 24 hospitals from April 2018 to July 2020. Non-mydriatic fundus of patients were interpreted by an artificial intelligence (AI) system. Fundus photos that were unsuitable for AI interpretation were interpreted by two ophthalmologists trained by one expert ophthalmologist at Beijing Tongren Hospital. Medical history, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure, and laboratory examinations were recorded. RESULTS A total of 4831 DM patients were included in this study. The prevalence of DR and advanced DR in the diabetic population was 31.8% and 6.6%, respectively. In multiple logistic regression analysis, male (odds ratio [OR], 1.39), duration of diabetes (OR, 1.05), HbA1c (OR, 1.11), farmer (OR, 1.39), insulin treatment (OR, 1.61), region (northern, OR, 1.78; rural, OR, 6.96), and presence of other diabetic complications (OR: 2.03) were associated with increased odds of DR. The factors associated with increased odds of advanced DR included poor glycemic control (HbA1c >7.0%) (OR, 2.58), insulin treatment (OR, 1.73), longer duration of diabetes (OR, 3.66), rural region (OR, 4.84), and presence of other diabetic complications (OR, 2.36), but overweight (BMI > 25 kg/m2) (OR, 0.61) was associated with reduced odds of advanced DR. CONCLUSION This study shows that the prevalence of DR is very high in Chinese adults with DM, highlighting the necessity of early diabetic retinal screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanhu Qiu
- Department of General Practice, Zhongda Hospital; Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Duolao Wang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jianing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zilin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zilin Sun, Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8613951749490, Fax +862583262609, Email
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Daniel L, Taj M. Dry eye disease in patients with alcohol use disorder. TNOA JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMIC SCIENCE AND RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/tjosr.tjosr_157_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Stuart KV, Madjedi K, Luben RN, Chua SY, Warwick AN, Chia M, Pasquale LR, Wiggs JL, Kang JH, Hysi PG, Tran JH, Foster PJ, Khawaja AP. Alcohol, intraocular pressure and open-angle glaucoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmology 2022; 129:637-652. [PMID: 35101531 PMCID: PMC9126073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2022.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Topic This systematic review and meta-analysis summarizes the existing evidence for the association of alcohol use with intraocular pressure (IOP) and open-angle glaucoma (OAG). Clinical Relevance Understanding and quantifying these associations may aid clinical guidelines or treatment strategies and shed light on disease pathogenesis. The role of alcohol, a modifiable factor, in determining IOP and OAG risk also may be of interest from an individual or public health perspective. Methods The study protocol was preregistered in the Open Science Framework Registries (https://osf.io/z7yeg). Eligible articles (as of May 14, 2021) from 3 databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus) were independently screened and quality assessed by 2 reviewers. All case-control, cross-sectional, and cohort studies reporting a quantitative effect estimate and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between alcohol use and either IOP or OAG were included. The evidence for the associations with both IOP and OAG was qualitatively summarized. Effect estimates for the association with OAG were pooled using random effects meta-analysis. Studies not meeting formal inclusion criteria for systematic review, but with pertinent results, were also appraised and discussed. Certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. Results Thirty-four studies were included in the systematic review. Evidence from 10 studies reporting an association with IOP suggests that habitual alcohol use is associated with higher IOP and prevalence of ocular hypertension (IOP > 21 mmHg), although absolute effect sizes were small. Eleven of 26 studies, comprising 173 058 participants, that tested for an association with OAG met inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. Pooled effect estimates indicated a positive association between any use of alcohol and OAG (1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.36; P = 0.03; I2 = 40.5%), with similar estimates for both prevalent and incident OAG. The overall GRADE certainty of evidence was very low. Conclusions Although this meta-analysis suggests a harmful association between alcohol use and OAG, our results should be interpreted cautiously given the weakness and heterogeneity of the underlying evidence base, the small absolute effect size, and the borderline statistical significance. Nonetheless, these findings may be clinically relevant, and future research should focus on improving the quality of evidence.
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Das N, Shams A, Khan B, Kumar J, Nasir S, Bhatti NM. Effects of Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (Nd:YAG) Laser Capsulotomy on Visual Outcomes From a Lower-Middle Income Country. Cureus 2021; 13:e17895. [PMID: 34660093 PMCID: PMC8509114 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd: YAG) laser is a non-invasive and effective means to deal with posterior capsule opacification. Although it is safe, it may have some complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy in terms of visual outcomes. Methodology This retrospective study was carried out at the eye department of Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College, Lyari and Sindh Government Lyari General Hospital, Karachi, by using a convenient sampling technique. The duration of the study was six months from 1st January 2020 to 30th June 2020. 50 eyes of patients older than 20 years of age of either gender with posterior capsule opacification after cataract surgery for more than 6 months of duration, capsular fibrosis, and visual distortion due to wrinkling were included in the study. Results Our results show that in a total of 50 patients, the mean age was 59.08±5.84 years, of which, 20 (40%) were males. Out of 50 patients, 22 right while 28 left eyes were selected for Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy. None of the patients showed elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) after the 1st week. Mean IOP was 16.84±3.63 mm of Hg on the 1st day and mean IOP after 1st week was 12.48±2.01 mm of Hg. Iritis was observed in 5 (10.0%) patients on the 1st day and 4 (8.0%) patients on the 1st week. Raised IOP was observed in 10 (20.0%) cases whereas cystoid macular edema was observed in only 1 (2%) patients on the 1st day and 1st week after laser therapy. Conclusion The study predicted that Nd: Yag laser posterior capsulotomy gives excellent results in terms of visual acuity. Complications that were associated with the Nd: Yag laser capsulotomy was a rise in intraocular pressure, cystoid macular edema, iritis, and IOL pitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narain Das
- Ophthalmology, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Asma Shams
- Ophthalmology, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Beenish Khan
- Ophthalmology, United Medical and Dental College, Creek General Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | - Jai Kumar
- Ophthalmology, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Saad Nasir
- Internal Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | - Nasir M Bhatti
- Ophthalmology, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College, Karachi, PAK
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Gbessemehlan A, Helmer C, Delcourt C, Boumediene F, Ndamba-Bandzouzi B, Mbelesso P, Samba H, Kehoua G, Désormais I, Lacroix P, Aboyans V, Dartigues JF, Houinato D, Preux PM, Guerchet M. Cardiovascular Health and Near Visual Impairment Among Older Adults in the Republic of Congo: A Population-Based Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:842-850. [PMID: 33438029 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visual impairment (VI) and determinants of poor cardiovascular health are very common in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, we do not know whether these determinants are associated with VI among older adults in this region. This study aimed at investigating the association between the determinants of poor cardiovascular health and near VI among older adults living in Congo. METHODS Participants were Congolese adults aged 65 or older included in Epidemiology of Dementia in Central Africa-Follow-up population-based cohort. Near VI was defined as visual acuity less than 20/40 measured at 30 cm. Associations between determinants of poor cardiovascular health collected at baseline and near visual acuity measured at first follow-up were investigated using multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS Among the 549 participants included, 378 (68.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 64.9%-72.7%]) had near VI. Of the determinants of poor cardiovascular health explored, we found that having high body mass index of at least 25 kg/m2 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.15; 95% CI: 1.25-3.68), diabetes (OR = 2.12; 95% CI: 1.06-4.25) and hypertension (OR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.02-2.64) were independently associated with near VI. CONCLUSIONS Several determinants of poor cardiovascular health were associated with near VI in this population. This study suggests that promoting good cardiovascular health could represent a target for VI prevention among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Gbessemehlan
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, IRD, U1094 Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, France.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Chronic and Neurologic Diseases Epidemiology, LEMACEN, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Catherine Helmer
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, France
| | - Cécile Delcourt
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, France
| | - Farid Boumediene
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, IRD, U1094 Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, France
| | | | - Pascal Mbelesso
- Department of Neurology, Amitié Hospital, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Harielle Samba
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, IRD, U1094 Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, France
| | - Gilles Kehoua
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, IRD, U1094 Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, France
| | - Ileana Désormais
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, IRD, U1094 Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, France.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery and Angiology, Dupuytren University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Philippe Lacroix
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, IRD, U1094 Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, France.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery and Angiology, Dupuytren University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Victor Aboyans
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, IRD, U1094 Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, France.,Department of Cardiology, Dupuytren University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | | | - Dismand Houinato
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, IRD, U1094 Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, France.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Chronic and Neurologic Diseases Epidemiology, LEMACEN, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Pierre-Marie Preux
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, IRD, U1094 Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, France
| | - Maëlenn Guerchet
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, IRD, U1094 Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, France
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12
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Wieczorek MM, Caban M, Fabisiak A, Małecka-Panas E. Purtscher's-like retinopathy as a rare complication of acute alcoholic pancreatitis. PRZEGLAD GASTROENTEROLOGICZNY 2021; 16:170-173. [PMID: 34276846 PMCID: PMC8275969 DOI: 10.5114/pg.2021.106669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Miłosz Caban
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Adam Fabisiak
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Małecka-Panas
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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13
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Kadri R, Vishwanath P, Parameshwar D, Hegde S, Kudva AA. Dietary associations with diabetic retinopathy-A cohort study. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 69:661-665. [PMID: 33595497 PMCID: PMC7942123 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_253_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the role of dietary factors in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in diabetics. Methods This prospective study was carried out on patients attending the outpatient department of ophthalmology for a period of 1 year. An interview-based 24-hour diet recall was used to document average daily dietary nutrient intakes. Each patient was subjected to a comprehensive ocular examination to look for DR. Results A total of 261 patients attending the outpatient department of ophthalmology were the participants for this study. The mean (±SD) age of the participants was 57.73 ± 11.29 years, and 67% were men. One hundred and six participants had DR. Univariate analysis revealed sex, duration, fish (times/week), egg (yes/no), rice lunch (yes/no), rice dinner, rice (boiled/white), and total calorie intake to be associated with DR (P < 0.05). Logistic regression multivariable analysis revealed males (OR: 3.20, 95% CI: 1.65-6.19), longer duration of diabetes (OR:1.05,95% CI:1.01-1.11), antioxidant intake (OR: 3.42, 95% CI: 1.65-7.05), and consumption of rice (OR: 3.19, 95% CI: 1.17-8.69) to have significant association with DR (P < 0.05), with the odds of developing DR increasing three times in these patients. The odds of developing DR were lesser with more frequent (>2 times/week) fish consumption (OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.18-0.94) and in patients on pharmacological treatment for diabetes mellitus (OR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.04-0.58). Binary logistic regression revealed chapathi consumption (OR: 9.37, 95% CI: 1.64-53.68) to be associated with severe forms and fish consumption (OR: 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01-1.06) (P < 0.05) to be associated with less severe forms of DR. Conclusion Males, longer duration of diabetes, antioxidant intake, fish consumption, and consumption of rice were associated with the occurrence of DR. Participants with diabetes who consumed fish more frequently and those who were on pharmacological treatment for diabetes mellitus had a significantly lower risk of DR and frequent fish consumption could reduce the risk of DR progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajani Kadri
- Department of Ophthalmology, A. J. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Prithvi Vishwanath
- Department of Ophthalmology, A. J. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Devika Parameshwar
- Department of Ophthalmology, A. J. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudhir Hegde
- Department of Ophthalmology, A. J. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ajay A Kudva
- Department of Ophthalmology, A. J. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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14
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Karimi S, Arabi A, Shahraki T. Alcohol and the Eye. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2021; 16:260-270. [PMID: 34055263 PMCID: PMC8126742 DOI: 10.18502/jovr.v16i2.9089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we present a review of ocular conditions related to alcohol consumption. A search of the literature published from 1952 to March 2020 was performed. The titles and abstracts were screened and the eligible studies were selected. PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge database, Scopus, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched. We categorized the relationship between alcohol intake and ocular conditions by the type of ocular exposure to alcohol. Accordingly, ocular findings following acute alcohol intoxication, optic neuropathy following methanol toxicity, congenital conditions related to maternal alcohol consumption, and ocular disease related to chronic alcoholism are discussed. The main feature of alcohol intoxication in the eye is abnormal eye movement. Acute optic neuropathy secondary to methyl alcohol consumption is a serious ocular disease with permanent vision loss or scotoma. Prenatal exposure to ethanol may end in fetal alcohol spectrum disease, where ocular findings are a constant component. The association between chronic alcohol consumption and increased risks of cataract, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, different types of optic neuropathy, impairment of visual quality, retinal vascular disease, and ocular surface disease has also been reported. Along with detrimental medical and social effects, the role of alcohol consumption in different ocular conditions should be considered, as alcohol-induced visual disturbances may contribute to the heavy burden of alcohol abuse on the healthcare system and overall quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Karimi
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Ophthalmology, Torfeh Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Arabi
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Ophthalmology, Torfeh Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Toktam Shahraki
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Ophthalmology, Torfeh Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Visuoperceptive Impairments in Severe Alcohol Use Disorder: A Critical Review of Behavioral Studies. Neuropsychol Rev 2021; 31:361-384. [PMID: 33591477 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-020-09469-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The present literature review is aimed at offering a comprehensive and critical view of behavioral data collected during the past seventy years concerning visuoperception in severe alcohol use disorders (AUD). To pave the way for a renewal of research and clinical approaches in this very little understood field, this paper (1) provides a critical review of previous behavioral studies exploring visuoperceptive processing in severe AUD, (2) identifies the alcohol-related parameters and demographic factors that influence the deficits, and (3) addresses the limitations of this literature and their implications for current clinical strategies. By doing so, this review highlights the presence of visuoperceptive deficits but also shows how the lack of in-depth studies exploring the visual system in this clinical population results in the current absence of integration of these deficits in the dominant models of vision. Given the predominance of vision in everyday life, we stress the need to better delineate the extent, the specificity, and the actual implications of the deficits for severe AUD.
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16
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Simsek C, Kojima T, Dogru M, Tanaka M, Takano Y, Wakamatsu T, Ibrahim O, Toda I, Negishi K, Tsubota K. The Early Effects of Alcohol Consumption on Functional Visual Acuity, Tear Functions, and the Ocular Surface. Eye Contact Lens 2021; 47:20-26. [PMID: 32701768 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the early effects of alcohol intake on tear functions and ocular surface health in this prospective controlled study. METHODS Forty-four eyes of 22 subjects (17 males, 5 females; mean age: 35.3 years) who drank 200 mL of 25% Japanese vodka and 44 eyes of age- and sex-matched 22 control subjects who drank water were investigated. Subjects were requested to refrain from alcohol consumption from the previous day and food ingestion 6 hr before the study. Each subject consumed exactly the same order prepared dinner and same quantity of alcohol over the same time frame. Subjects underwent breath alcohol level, tear evaporation and blink rate, tear lipid layer interferometry, tear film break-up time (BUT), fluorescein and Rose Bengal stainings, Schirmer test, and visual analog scale (VAS) evaluation of dry eye symptoms before, as well as 2 and 12 hr after alcohol intake. RESULTS The mean breath alcohol level was significantly higher in the alcohol group compared to the water group at 2 and 12 hr (P<0.001). The mean tear evaporation increased significantly from 2.5×10-7 to 8.8×10-7 gr/cm2/sec 12 hr after alcohol intake (P<0.001). The mean BUT shortened significantly from 15.0±5.0 to 5.0±2.5 sec 12 hr after alcohol intake. Lipid layer interferometry showed signs of tear film thinning 12 hr after alcohol intake in all subjects of the alcohol intake group, which was not observed in the water group. The mean blink rates increased significantly from 10.6±1.5 blinks/min to 13.5±0.9 blinks/min and 15.1±1.2 blinks/min at 2 and 12 hr, respectively, in the alcohol group (P<0.001). The Schirmer test values decreased significantly 12 hr after alcohol intake (P<0.001). The mean VAS score for dryness increased from baseline significantly in the alcohol group at 12 hr (P<0.001). No significant time-wise changes in tear functions were observed in the water group. CONCLUSION The tear film and ocular surface epithelia showed early and distinctive quantitative and qualitative changes associated with visual disturbances after alcohol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Simsek
- Department of Ophthalmology (C.S., T.K., M.D., T.W., K.N., K.T.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan ; Ajisai Eye Clinic (M.T.), Musashinoshi, Chiba, Japan ; Eye Clinic (Y.T.), Kawasaki Municipal Ida Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan ; Department of Ophthalmology (O.I.), Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan ; Minamiaoyama Eye Clinic (I.T.), Tokyo, Japan ; and Department of Ophthalmology (C.S.), Mugla Sitki Kocman University School of Medicine, Mugla, Turkey
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17
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Lee PY, Chou WY, Hsu CC, Lin PY, Chen KH. Bilateral corneal edema in an alcoholic male. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2020; 11:175-178. [PMID: 34295624 PMCID: PMC8259528 DOI: 10.4103/tjo.tjo_50_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudophakic bullous keratopathy and Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy are the two most common causes of corneal edema after cataract surgery. We report a 61-year-old alcoholic male with bilateral corneal edema that improved after his alcohol abstinence. He had uneventful bilateral cataract surgery 3 years ago and blurred vision in both eyes developed for weeks. As he had no history of endothelial dystrophy, the treatment for viral endotheliitis was used initially yet in vain. We asked him to stop alcohol and adjusted his psychiatric drugs, but he lied about stopping drinking. The corneal edema progressed, and finally, he underwent penetrating keratoplasty in his left eye 1 year later. During hospitalization for surgery, alcohol withdrawal syndrome was noted because he could not drink alcohol in our hospital. After he quit drinking for months, corneal edema in the right eye disappeared. Our case highlights that alcoholism can result in corneal edema, and stopping drinking is necessary in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Yu Lee
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yi Chou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Hua Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Bruttini C, Verticchio Vercellin A, Klersy C, De Silvestri A, Tinelli C, Riva I, Oddone F, Katsanos A, Quaranta L. The Mont Blanc Study: The effect of altitude on intra ocular pressure and central corneal thickness. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237343. [PMID: 32764811 PMCID: PMC7413504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the Mont Blanc Study was to investigate the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT), and altitude in healthy subjects. Thirty-three eyes of 33 healthy volunteers (mean age: 24.8 years, 17 females) had their IOP measured with Perkins and I-Care tonometers and their CCT using ultrasound pachymetry at three locations in Italy with different altitudes: Pavia, (PV), 77 meters above sea level (a.s.l); Courmayeur (CM), 1300 meters a.s.l; Pointe Helbronner (PH), 3466 meters a.s.l.). The measurements were performed at 9 am, 11 am, 1 pm and 3 pm (±30’) in indoor settings (mean temperature of 19°C) in PV and PH. At 9 am, CCT and IOP were measured outdoor (mean temperature of -1.4°C) at PH. The mean values of the IOP curve decreased from PV to PH with the Perkins (p = 0.02) and I-Care tonometers (p = 0.001). Instead, CCT increased upon ascension from PV to PH (p = 0.01), and from CM to PH (p = 0.002). When exposed to sub-zero temperature, the IOP increased (p<0.001), while the CCT did not change (p = 0.30). The results suggest that IOP significantly decreased and CCT significantly increased upon ascension from the sea level to higher altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Bruttini
- University Eye Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alice Verticchio Vercellin
- University Eye Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,IRCCS-Fondazione G.B. Bietti, Rome, Italy.,Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Catherine Klersy
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Annalisa De Silvestri
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carmine Tinelli
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ivano Riva
- IRCCS-Fondazione G.B. Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Andreas Katsanos
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Luciano Quaranta
- University Eye Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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19
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Kume A, Kashiwagi K. Systemic and ocular diseases associated with the development of diabetic macular edema among Japanese patients with diabetes mellitus. BMC Ophthalmol 2020; 20:309. [PMID: 32727408 PMCID: PMC7392833 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01578-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic macular edema (DME) causes severe vision loss among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). We aimed to investigate systemic and ocular diseases associated with the development of DME in a Japanese population. Methods A total of 3.11 million Japanese subjects who were registered in the database of the Japan Medical Data Center from 2005 to 2014 were analyzed. Subjects with DM were defined as individuals who had been prescribed any therapeutic medications for DM, and associated diseases were analyzed. The periods assessed were one year before the development of DME among patients with DME and one year before the last visit to an ophthalmic clinic among patients without DME. Results A total of 17,403 patients with DM satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and 420 patients developed DME. Univariate analysis revealed significant associations between 55 diseases, including 39 systemic and 16 ocular diseases, and DME development. Logistic analysis identified 21 systemic diseases and 10 ocular diseases as significant factors associated with DME development. Conclusion Various types of systemic and ocular diseases are associated with DME development. Subjects with DM who present these risk factors must be carefully monitored to prevent visual impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuki Kume
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kenji Kashiwagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan.
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20
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Maurage P, Masson N, Bollen Z, D’Hondt F. Eye tracking correlates of acute alcohol consumption: A systematic and critical review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 108:400-422. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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21
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Systemic Factors Related to Intraocular Levels of Interleukin-6 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Diabetic Retinopathy. J Ophthalmol 2019; 2019:4831967. [PMID: 31396410 PMCID: PMC6664688 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4831967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is for identifying systemic factors correlating with intraocular levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in diabetic retinopathy. Forty-two consecutive patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for PDR were included in this cross-sectional study. The aqueous humor was sampled just prior to PPV for assay of IL-6 and VEGF. One day before PPV, patient characteristics were recorded and a number of systemic markers were amassed, including fasting and postprandial glucose, homeostasis model assessment- (HOMA-) IR, HOMA-beta, C-peptide, insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein- (Apo-) A, Apo-B, and lipoprotein A (Lp-A). Relationships between systemic determinants and intraocular cytokine levels were analyzed by regression analysis. Mean levels of IL-6 and VEGF were 15.3 pg/mL (range, 2.4–10124.5 pg/mL) and 21.1 pg/mL (range, 3.2–766.1 pg/mL), respectively. After adjustment for age, gender, duration of diabetes, and BMI, multivariate analysis showed significant association of smoking (p=0.002) and HOMA-IR (p=0.003) with intraocular IL-6 levels, while intraocular VEGF and systemic Lp-A levels correlated significantly (p=0.032). Insulin resistance and smoking status impacted intraocular levels of IL-6, while intraocular VEGF levels were influenced by Lp-A. An appreciation for the relationship between systemic factors and intraocular cytokines may help elucidate the complex pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy.
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Bermea KC, Rodríguez-García A, Tsin A, Barrera-Saldaña HA. Somatolactogens and diabetic retinopathy. Growth Horm IGF Res 2018; 41:42-47. [PMID: 29452885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common of all diabetic complications. The number of people with DR in the United States is expected to increase to 16 million by 2050. DR is the leading cause of blindness among working-age adults in many different countries, including the United States. In later DR stages, neovascularization is associated with extensive retinal capillary non-perfusion and vitreo-proliferation leading to retinal detachment. This neovascularization is orchestrated by an imbalance of growth factors in the retina from which somatolactogens (pituitary growth hormone, GH-N; placental growth hormone, GH-V; prolactin, PRL; and placental lactogen, PL, also referred as chorionic somatomammotropin, CSH), may play an important role. OBSERVATIONS Somatolactogens are a group of hormones that share many structural and functional features. They are important for physiological changes in pregnancy, for adequate development of the fetus, and in the case of GH-N, for promoting growth after birth. GH-N is synthesized by the anterior pituitary, GH-V and PL are secreted by the placenta, whereas, PRL is synthesized by the anterior pituitary and uterine decidua. However, in recent years the expression of GH-N and PRL and their receptors have been detected in other tissues including the retina, acting as neuroprotective and pro-angiogenic agents. The relationship of GH-N and diabetic retinopathy (DR) was established many years ago when it was observed that its deficiency was related to regression of DR while an increase in serum levels of GH-N, GH-V, and PL promoted DR. While more studies are needed to define the potential implications of GH-V and PL in DR pathogenesis, it has been demonstrated that GH-N and PRL participate in DR by enhancing neovascularization. Some PRL isoforms, however, have shown an anti-angiogenic activity rather than pro-angiogenesis and appears to be PRL's main role in the regulation of retinal vasculature. CONCLUSIONS Somatolactogens are a group of hormones with a significant role in neuroprotection and angiogenesis regulation in the eye. Understanding the mechanisms of angiogenesis regulation by somatolactogens will potentially lead to the development of new drugs for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Christian Bermea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1210 W Schunior St., Edinburg, TX 78541, United States
| | - Alejandro Rodríguez-García
- Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Av. Ignacio Morones Prieto 3000 Poniente, Los Doctores, 64710 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Andrew Tsin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1210 W Schunior St., Edinburg, TX 78541, United States
| | - Hugo Alberto Barrera-Saldaña
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Madero Col. Mitras Centro S/N, Monterrey, NL 64460, Mexico; TecSalud del Tecnológico de Monterrey, Centro Médico Zambrano-Hellion, Batallón San Patricio 112, Real de San Agustín, 66278 San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, Mexico; Vitagénesis, SA de CV. Blvd, Puerta del Sol #1005, Colinas de San Jerónimo, Monterrey, NL 64630, Mexico.
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Wong MYZ, Man REK, Fenwick EK, Gupta P, Li LJ, van Dam RM, Chong MF, Lamoureux EL. Dietary intake and diabetic retinopathy: A systematic review. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0186582. [PMID: 29324740 PMCID: PMC5764236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The evidence linking dietary intake with diabetic retinopathy (DR) is growing but unclear. We conducted a systematic review of the association between dietary intake and DR. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Medline, and the Cochrane Central register of controlled trials, for publications between January 1967 and January 2017 using standardized criteria for diet and DR. Interventional and observational studies investigating micro- and macro-nutrient intakes; food and beverage consumptions; and dietary patterns were included. Study quality was evaluated using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale for observational studies, and the Cochrane collaboration tool for interventional studies. RESULTS Of 4265 titles initially identified, 31 studies (3 interventional, 28 Observational) were retained. Higher intakes of dietary fibre, oily fish, and greater adherence to a Mediterranean diet were protective of DR. Conversely, high total caloric intake was associated with higher risk of DR. No significant associations of carbohydrate, vitamin D, and sodium intake with DR were found. Associations of antioxidants, fatty acids, proteins and alcohol with DR remain equivocal. CONCLUSIONS Dietary fibre, oily fish, a Mediterranean diet and a reduced caloric intake are associated with lower risk of DR. Longitudinal data and interventional models are warranted to confirm our findings and better inform clinical guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Y. Z. Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore
| | - Ryan E. K. Man
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore
| | - Eva K. Fenwick
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Office of Clinical Sciences, Singapore
| | - Preeti Gupta
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore
| | - Ling-Jun Li
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Office of Clinical Sciences, Singapore
| | - Rob M. van Dam
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mary F. Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ecosse L. Lamoureux
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Office of Clinical Sciences, Singapore
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Sati A, Moulick P, Shankar S, Chatterjee K, Dwivedi AK, Vazirani J. Corneal endothelial alterations in alcohol dependence syndrome. Br J Ophthalmol 2018; 102:1443-1447. [PMID: 29305345 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To evaluate the corneal endothelial changes in patients with alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS). METHODS A total of 322 corneas of 322 subjects were studied, and two groups were formed. The first, the ADS group, included 161 corneas of 161 patients and the second, the age-matched control group, was composed of 161 corneas of 161 healthy subjects. Both the groups were examined by specular microscope and the endothelial parameters were compared. The endothelial parameters were also compared before and after the abstinence of alcohol in the former group. The ADS group was further analysed to assess the influence of life time alcohol consumption, years/pattern of drinking, levels of Liver enzymes, levels of mean corpuscular volume, screening questionnaires and stages of fatty liver on corneal endothelium. RESULTS On comparing the two groups using Mann-Whitney U test, a significant difference was found in central corneal thickness (CCT) and endothelial cell density (CD) between the ADS (CCT: 529±29 µm, CD: 2571±236 cells/mm2) and control groups (CCT: 510±32 µm, CD: 2752±291 cells/mm2) (P<0.001 (CCT); P<0.001 (CD)). Using Wilcoxon sign-rank test, a significant difference was found in CCT (P<0.001) and CD (P<0.001) with abstinence of alcohol. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the endothelial parameters in four stages of fatty liver and found a significant difference in terms of CCT (P<0.001) and CD (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Corneal endothelial alteration is present in patients with ADS, more marked in patients with an increase in stage of fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Sati
- Department of Ophthalmology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India
| | | | - Sandeep Shankar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India
| | | | | | - Jayesh Vazirani
- Center for Excellence in Cornea and Ocular Surface Disorders, Excel Eye Care, Ahmedabad, India
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Chiam N, Baskaran M, Li Z, Perera S, Goh D, Husain R, Khor CC, Cheng CY, Aung T, Vithana EN. Social, health and ocular factors associated with primary open-angle glaucoma amongst Chinese Singaporeans. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2017. [PMID: 28621876 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE There is limited literature on lifestyle and health factors related to primary open-angle glaucoma amongst Asians. BACKGROUND This study evaluated the association of primary open-angle glaucoma with smoking, health and ocular factors amongst Chinese Singaporeans. DESIGN Case-control study. PARTICIPANTS The study used 711 primary open-angle glaucoma patients from a Singapore hospital and 2788 population-based controls. METHODS Subjects underwent clinical examination and completed a questionnaire with details on family history of glaucoma, comorbidities, smoking and alcohol consumption. Glaucoma cases were subclassified as normal or high-tension glaucoma according to their untreated intraocular pressures. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The association of various health and lifestyle factors, with normal-tension and high-tension glaucoma was evaluated. RESULTS Using multiple logistic regression, primary open-angle glaucoma was associated with older age (odds ratio 1.12 per year older; 95% confidence interval 1.10-1.15; P < 0.001), family history of glaucoma (odds ratio 7.86; 95% confidence interval 4.48-13.79; P < 0.001), higher intraocular pressure (odds ratio 1.75 per 1 mmHg; 95% confidence interval 1.64-1.87; P < 0.001) and thinner central corneal thickness (odds ratio 1.01; 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.02; P < 0.001). Myopes were more likely to have primary open-angle glaucoma (P < 0.001). A current smoking habit was protective against normal-tension glaucoma (odds ratio 0.30; 95% confidence interval 0.10-0.92; P = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Older age, family history of glaucoma, higher intraocular pressure, thinner central corneal thickness and myopia were significantly associated with primary open-angle glaucoma amongst Chinese Singaporeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Chiam
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Mani Baskaran
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Eye-ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Zheng Li
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shamira Perera
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - David Goh
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Rahat Husain
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Eye-ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Eye-ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Eranga N Vithana
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Eye-ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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Kim HT, Kim JM, Kim JH, Lee JH, Lee MY, Lee JY, Won YS, Park KH, Kwon HS. Relationships Between Anthropometric Measurements and Intraocular Pressure: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Ophthalmol 2017; 173:23-33. [PMID: 27702621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2016.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) and various anthropometric measures. DESIGN A population-based cross-sectional study. METHODS A total of 5008 participants, 2080 men and 2928 women ≥19 years of age were included from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V database, focusing on the years 2010 and 2011. We selected IOP in the right eye of a normal healthy population as the outcome variable of our study. We analyzed the relationship between IOP and anthropometric parameters using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry by sex. Lean body mass was calculated as total body mass minus fat mass. We used general linear models and logistic regression analysis to evaluate risk factors of high IOP. Our main outcome measure was correlation between anthropometric data and IOP. RESULTS In multivariate general linear models, greater body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were correlated with higher IOP for both men (BMI, β = 0.053, P = .026; waist circumference, β = 0.016, P = .067) and women (BMI, β = 0.074, P < .001; waist circumference, β = 0.028, P < .001). Greater fat mass (β = 0.027, P = .037) and fat mass/lean body mass (β = 1.170, P = .06) were correlated with higher IOP, while greater lean body mass/weight (β = -3.188, P = .025), lean body mass/BMI (β = -1.379, P = .002), appendicular skeletal muscle mass/BMI (β = -2.270, P = .022), and bone mineral content/BMI (β = -11.653, P = .031) were correlated with lower IOP in women, but not in men (P > .10). CONCLUSIONS In healthy women, greater fat mass was associated with higher IOP, and greater muscle mass was associated with lower IOP after adjusting for weight and BMI. Fat and muscle influenced IOP in women independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Tae Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Mo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jung Hoon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inje University, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyuck Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Yeon Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Yeun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Sam Won
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Ho Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Martín-Merino E, Fortuny J, Rivero-Ferrer E, Lind M, Garcia-Rodriguez LA. Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in people with Type 2 diabetes: A case-control study in a UK primary care setting. Prim Care Diabetes 2016; 10:300-308. [PMID: 26860550 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To identify risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in UK primary care. METHODS A case-control study nested in a cohort of incident Type 2 diabetes identified in The Health Improvement Network database from 2000 to 2007. Cases were people with DR (N=7735) and controls were a DR-free sample (N=9395). No age restrictions were applied. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% CIs were estimated. RESULTS 21% of DR cases were identified during the first semester after Type 2 diabetes diagnosis. After controlling for delay on the Type 2 diabetes diagnosis, the DR risk increased with the duration of diabetes. DR increased with a mean systolic BP ≥150mmHg (1.18; 1.10-1.27), high alcohol consumption (1.34; 1.11-1.61), glycated haemoglobin (≥75 to <86: 1.14; 1.00-1.31; ≥86 to <97mmol/mol: 1.25; 1.07-1.45; ≥97mmol/mol: 1.21; 1.07-1.37), microalbuminuria (1.16; 1.06-1.27), and retinal vein occlusion (2.47; 1.67-3.66). Glaucoma and retinal arterial occlusion showed an OR of 0.71 (0.60-0.84) and 0.63 (0.40-1.01), respectively. HDL ≥1.55mmol/l (0.88; 0.80-0.98), high triglycerides (2.3-5.6mmol/l: 0.90; 0.82-0.99; >5.6mmol/l: 0.85; 0.64-1.13) or smoking (0.89; 0.81-0.97) had a slightly reduced DR risk. Users of hypoglycaemic agents had an increased DR risk. CONCLUSION Some DR cases were identified near the diabetes diagnosis date suggesting that a delayed diabetes diagnosis is still common. Glaucoma, retinal arterial occlusion and high HDL levels were inversely associated with DR, while retinal vein occlusion, alcohol and other well-known risk factors were positively associated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joan Fortuny
- DS&E - Global Clinical Epidemiology, Novartis Farmaceutica S.A., Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Rivero-Ferrer
- DS&E - Global Clinical Epidemiology, Novartis Farmaceutica S.A., Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcus Lind
- Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Medicine, NU-Hospital Organization, Uddevalla, Sweden
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Fenwick EK, Xie J, Man REK, Lim LL, Flood VM, Finger RP, Wong TY, Lamoureux EL. Moderate consumption of white and fortified wine is associated with reduced odds of diabetic retinopathy. J Diabetes Complications 2015; 29:1009-14. [PMID: 26431588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore the association between alcohol consumption and the severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS In this cross-sectional study, patients with type 2 diabetes answered questions on consumption of low and full-strength beer, white wine/champagne, red wine, fortified wines, and spirits. Never, moderate and high consumption of each alcoholic beverage, and overall alcoholic beverage consumption, were defined as <1, 1-14 and >14 standard drinks/week, respectively. DR was categorized into none; non vision-threatening DR (VTDR) and VTDR. Multivariable logistic regression determined the associations between alcohol consumption and DR. RESULTS Of the 395 participants (mean age±SD [standard deviation] 65.9±10.4years; males=253), 188 (47.6%) consumed alcohol and 235 (59.5%) had any DR. Compared to no alcohol consumption, moderate alcohol consumption (overall) was significantly associated with reduced odds of any DR (OR=0.47, 95% CI [confidence interval] 0.26-0.85). Moderate consumption of white wine/champagne or fortified wine was also associated with reduced odds of any DR (OR=0.48, 95% CI 0.25-0.91, and OR=0.15, 95% CI 0.04-0.62, respectively). Similar results were observed for non-VTDR and VTDR. CONCLUSIONS The amount and type of alcohol are associated with risk of DR in patients with type 2 diabetes. A longitudinal study is needed to assess the protective effect of alcohol consumption and DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva K Fenwick
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Jing Xie
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ryan Eyn Kidd Man
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lyndell L Lim
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Victoria M Flood
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia and St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Robert P Finger
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tien Y Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Ecosse L Lamoureux
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
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Kang HM, Woo YJ, Koh HJ, Lee CS, Lee SC. The effect of consumption of ethanol on subfoveal choroidal thickness in acute phase. Br J Ophthalmol 2015. [PMID: 26206787 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-306969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To investigate the acute effect of ethanol consumption on subfoveal choroidal thickness. METHODS This prospective interventional study included the right eyes of 30 healthy subjects (30 eyes). Ethanol (1.0 g/kg) was administered orally on the first visit. A matching volume of water was administered orally on the second visit. Oral administration of ethanol and water was performed at 14:00, and choroidal thickness was measured every 30 min until 16:00. Change of choroidal thickness after oral administration of ethanol and water was the main outcome measure. RESULTS At baseline, choroidal mean subfoveal thickness was 299.0±73.4 µm (range, 186.5-472.5 µm) before ethanol consumption and 297.1±71.1 µm (range, 187.0-470.5 µm) before water consumption. After consumption of ethanol, mean subfoveal choroidal thickness increased during the first 60 min and then decreased during the next 60 min, which was a significant change over time (p<0.001). After consumption of water, there was no significant change in mean subfoveal choroidal thickness over time (p=0.310). Comparison of changes in the mean subfoveal choroidal thickness during 120 min showed significant difference between ethanol and water consumption (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results of current study show that consumption of ethanol significantly affected the choroidal thickness. Mean subfoveal choroidal thickness increased during the first 60 min and then decreased during the next 120 min after ethanol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Min Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jae Woo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Jun Koh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher Seungkyu Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chul Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Association of vitamin A and β-carotene with risk for age-related cataract: A meta-analysis. Nutrition 2014; 30:1113-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Li Z, Xu K, Wu S, Sun Y, Song Z, Jin D, Liu P. Alcohol Consumption and Visual Impairment in a Rural Northern Chinese Population. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2014; 21:384-90. [DOI: 10.3109/09286586.2014.967360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Wang W, Zhang X. Alcohol intake and the risk of age-related cataracts: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107820. [PMID: 25238065 PMCID: PMC4169623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Epidemiologic studies assessing the relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk of age-related cataracts (ARCs) led to inconsistent results. This meta-analysis was performed to fill this gap. Methods Eligible studies were identified via computer searches and reviewing the reference lists of these obtained articles. Pooled estimates of the relative risks (RR) and the corresponding 95% confidence Intervals (CI) were calculated using random effects models. Results Seven prospective cohort studies involving a total of 119,706 participants were ultimately included in this meta-analysis. Pooled results showed that there is no substantial overall increased risk of ARC due to heavy alcohol consumption. The estimated RRs comparing heavy drinkers versus non-drinkers were 1.25 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.56) for cataract sugery, 1.06 (95% CI: 0.63, 1.81) for cortical cataracts, 1.26 (95% CI: 0.93, 1.73) for nuclear cataracts, and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.32, 2.61) for posterior subcapsular cataracts (PSCs), respectively. No significant associations between moderate alcohol consumption and cataracts were observed. The pooled RRs comparing moderate drinkers versus non-drinkers were 0.90 (95% CI: 0.64, 1.26) for cataract surgery, 0.97 (95% CI: 0.75, 1.25) for cortical cataracts, 0.91 (95% CI: 0.76, 1.08) for nuclear cataracts, and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.49, 1.91) for PSCs, respectively. Conclusions This meta-analysis suggests that there is no substantial overall increased risk of ARC due to alcohol intake. Because of the limited number of studies, the findings from our study must be confirmed in future research via well-designed cohort or intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiulan Zhang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Chandra A, Raza ST, Abbas S, Singh L, Rizvi S, Ahmed F, Eba A, Mahdi F. Polymorphism of GST and FTO Genes in Risk Prediction of Cataract among a North Indian Population. Ophthalmic Genet 2014; 37:19-24. [PMID: 24754249 DOI: 10.3109/13816810.2014.907921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was carried out to investigate the association of GST and FTO gene polymorphisms with cataract cases and controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 131 cases and 126 controls. GST and FTO gene polymorphisms were evaluated by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS The frequency of the GSTM1-positive and GSTT1-positive in cataract cases were 62.13% and 86.40% while in the controls it was 46.39% and 95.87% with odds ratios of 1.9 (95% CI, 1.08-3.32; p value 0.025) and 0.27 (95% CI, 0.09-0.86; p value, 0.019) respectively. There was a statistically significant association between the GSTM1 null genotype and the risk of cataract development with an odds ratio of 0.43 (95% CI, 0.24-0.76; p value, 0.003). Significant differences were obtained in the frequencies of FTO AA and TT genotype (p = 0.023 and 0.023) between cases and controls. CONCLUSION The present study suggested that GSTM1, GSTT1 and FTO gene polymorphisms are associated with increased risk for cataract in North Indian populations. Due to the limited sample size, the finding on GST and FTO gene polymorphisms need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luxmi Singh
- b Opthalmology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital , Lucknow , India
| | | | | | - Ale Eba
- a Departments of Biochemistry and
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Abbas S, Raza ST, Chandra A, Singh L, Rizvi S, Eba A, Ahmed F, Mahdi F. Polymorphism of FABP2 and PPARG2 genes in risk prediction of cataract among North Indian population. Meta Gene 2014; 2:307-13. [PMID: 25606413 PMCID: PMC4287883 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cataract is the leading cause of bilateral blindness in India. It has been reported that cataract is responsible for 50-80% of the bilaterally blind in the country. Cataract formation is a natural part of the ageing process. At present, adequate data are not available regarding the FABP2 and PPARG2 gene polymorphisms and their susceptibility with cataract cases in the North Indian population. Thus, the present study was carried out to investigate the association of FABP2 and PPARG2 gene polymorphisms with cataract cases and controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study includes 130 cataract cases and 118 controls. FABP2 and PPARG2 gene polymorphisms in cases and controls were evaluated by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS Frequencies of Ala54Ala, Ala54Thr and Thr54Thr genotypes in FABP2 gene in cataract cases and controls were 50.76%, 39.23%, 10% and 25.42%, 61.86%, 12.71% respectively. The PPARG2 gene CC, CG, GG genotype frequencies were 11.53%, 87.69% and 0.76% in cases and 21.18%, 39.83% and 38.98% in healthy controls respectively. Significant differences were observed in the frequencies of FABP2 Ala54Ala, Ala54Thr genotype (p < 0.05) and PPARG2 CC, CG, GG genotype (p < 0.05) between cases and controls. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that FABP2 and PPARG2 gene polymorphisms can be an informative marker for early identification of population at risk of cataract. The potential role of FABP2 and PPARG2 gene polymorphisms as a marker of susceptibility to cataract needs further studies in a larger number of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shania Abbas
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Syed Tasleem Raza
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Anu Chandra
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Luxmi Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Saliha Rizvi
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Ale Eba
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Faisal Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Farzana Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow 226003, India
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Harjutsalo V, Feodoroff M, Forsblom C, Groop PH. Patients with Type 1 diabetes consuming alcoholic spirits have an increased risk of microvascular complications. Diabet Med 2014; 31:156-64. [PMID: 23952587 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Our aim was to evaluate the effect of the amount of alcohol consumption and the type of beverage on the risk of diabetic nephropathy and severe diabetic retinopathy. METHODS The alcohol consumption data were available from 3608 patients with Type 1 diabetes participating in the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study (FinnDiane). We assessed the cross-sectional association between alcohol consumption and diabetic nephropathy as well as retinopathy. Patients were divided into different groups according to the amount of alcohol and the type of beverage they were consuming. RESULTS In the multivariate analysis, the odds ratio for nephropathy was 1.39 (95% CI 1.05-1.84) for abstainers and 2.44 (95% CI 1.49-3.99) for former users compared with light consumers. The results were similar in retinopathy, with an odds ratio of 1.42 (95% CI 1.11-1.82) for abstainers and 1.73 (95% CI 1.07-2.79) for former users. No difference between light consumers and moderate or heavy consumers was observed. Compared with wine drinkers, men consuming mostly alcoholic spirits had a higher risk of nephropathy with an odds ratio of 2.80 (95% CI 1.15-6.81). In women, there was no difference in the risk of nephropathy between the different beverage types. Alcoholic spirit consumers had a higher risk of retinopathy with an odds ratio of 2.32 (95% CI 1.35-4.00). There was no difference between wine and beer consumers. CONCLUSIONS Alcoholic spirit drinkers carry a higher risk of nephropathy and severe retinopathy compared with wine drinkers. Lifelong abstainers and former users of alcohol have a higher risk of nephropathy and severe retinopathy compared with light consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Harjutsalo
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Diabetes Prevention Unit, Helsinki, Finland
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this study is to review commonly encountered adverse ocular effects of illicit drug use. RECENT FINDINGS Drug and alcohol abuse can produce a variety of ocular and neuro-ophthalmic side effects. Novel, so-called 'designer', drugs of abuse can lead to unusual ocular disorders. Legal substances, when used in manners for which they have not been prescribed, can also have devastating ophthalmic consequences. SUMMARY In this review, we will systematically evaluate each part of the visual pathways and discuss how individual drugs may affect them.
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Stamenkovic M, Radic T, Stefanovic I, Coric V, Sencanic I, Pljesa-Ercegovac M, Matic M, Jaksic V, Simic T, Savic-Radojevic A. Glutathione S-transferase omega-2 polymorphismAsn142Aspmodifies the risk of age-related cataract in smokers and subjects exposed to ultraviolet irradiation. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2013; 42:277-83. [DOI: 10.1111/ceo.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Stamenkovic
- Medical Center Zvezdara; University Eye Clinic; Belgrade Serbia
- Faculty of Special Education and Rehabiltation; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Tanja Radic
- Faculty of Medicine; Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Ivan Stefanovic
- Eye Clinic; Clinical Center Serbia; Faculty of Medicine; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Vesna Coric
- Faculty of Medicine; Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Ivan Sencanic
- Medical Center Zvezdara; University Eye Clinic; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Marija Pljesa-Ercegovac
- Faculty of Medicine; Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Marija Matic
- Faculty of Medicine; Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Vesna Jaksic
- Medical Center Zvezdara; University Eye Clinic; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Tatjana Simic
- Faculty of Medicine; Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Ana Savic-Radojevic
- Faculty of Medicine; Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
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Morita K, Saruwatari J, Miyagawa H, Uchiyashiki Y, Oniki K, Sakata M, Kajiwara A, Yoshida A, Jinnouchi H, Nakagawa K. Association between aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 polymorphisms and the incidence of diabetic retinopathy among Japanese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2013; 12:132. [PMID: 24028448 PMCID: PMC3847457 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-12-132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) detoxifies reactive aldehydes in the micro- and macrovasculature. These substrates, including methylglyoxal and 4-hydroxynonenal formed from glucose and lipids, cause protein carbonylation and mitochondrial dysfunction, forming advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The present study aimed to confirm the association between the inactive ALDH2*2 allele and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods A retrospective longitudinal analysis was conducted, among 234 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) (156 males and 78 females) who had no DR signs at baseline and were treated for more than half a year. The ALDH2*1/*2 alleles were determined using a real-time TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. Multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidential intervals (CIs) for the cumulative incidence of the development of DR were examined using a Cox proportional hazard model, taking drinking habits and the serum γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) level into consideration. Results The frequency of the ALDH2*2 allele was 22.3%. Fifty-two subjects cumulatively developed DR during the follow-up period of 5.5 ± 2.5 years. The ALDH2*2 allele carriers had a significantly higher incidence of DR than the non-carriers (HR: 1.92; P = 0.02). The incidence of DR was significantly higher in the drinkers with the ALDH2*2 allele than in those with the ALDH2*1/*1 genotype (HR: 2.61; P = 0.03), while the incidence of DR in the non-drinkers did not differ significantly between the ALDH2 genotype groups (P > 0.05). The incidence of DR was significantly higher in the ALDH2*2 allele carriers with a high GGT level than in the non-carriers with a high or low GGT level (HR: 2.45; P = 0.03; and HR: 2.63; P = 0.03, respectively). Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a significant association between the ALDH2*2 allele and the incidence of DR. These findings provide additional evidence that ALDH2 protects both microvasculature and macrovasculature against reactive aldehydes generated under conditions of sustained oxidative stress, although further investigations in larger cohorts are needed to verify the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Morita
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the tear film function and ocular surface changes in heavily drinking men. METHODS This prospective case-control study involved 35 male subjects with heavy alcohol consumption (group 1) and 35 age- and sex-matched control subjects (group 2). Best-corrected visual acuity measurement, slit-lamp examination, Schirmer I test, tear film break-up time (BUT) measurement, and conjunctival impression cytology were performed in all subjects. The results were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS The mean Schirmer I test results in group 1 and group 2 were 8.31 ± 3.56 mm and 13.17 ± 5.71 mm, respectively, and the mean BUT values were 9.22 ± 3.10 seconds and 13.20 ± 4.04 seconds, respectively. The mean Schirmer I and BUT results were statistically lower in group 1 than in group 2 (P < 0.0001). The mean impression cytology scores in group 1 and group 2 were 2.08 ± 0.78 and 1.37 ± 0.94, respectively. A statistically significant difference was noted between the study and control groups for the grading of cytological changes (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that heavily drinking men have decreased tear production, tear film instability, and significant degeneration of the ocular surface epithelium when compared with normal subjects.
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Total activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes conferring risk for the development of age related cataracts. Exp Eye Res 2012; 98:67-74. [PMID: 22446016 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of cataract is influenced by a number of factors including oxidative stress. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) catalyses the nucleophilic addition of the thiol of GSH to electrophilic acceptors. It is important for detoxification of xenobiotics in order to protect tissues from oxidative damage. In humans, GSTT1 and GSTM1 deletion genotypes are associated with a variety of pathological conditions including certain ophthalmic diseases. In the present study, it is aimed to determine the risk of genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 isoforms of GST for developing of age related cataracts (ARCs). We compared the prevalence of GSTT1 and GSTM1 deletion genotypes, which were determined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction, in 455 patients with ARCs (108 with nuclear (NC), 105 with cortical (CC), 96 with posterior subcapsular, (PSC) and 146 with mixed type (MT)) and 205 age and sex matched controls. The GST activity in erythrocytes (RBC) and cataractous lenses was measured spectrophotometrically using 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as substrate. The frequency of GSTM1 positive individuals was significantly higher in MT cataracts followed by NC, CC and PSC types with corresponding decrease in the GSTM1 null genotypes as compared to controls. Considering the GSTT1 locus, GSTT1 null genotypes showed high frequency in patients in general as compared to controls with corresponding reduction in the GSTT1 positive genotype. The activity of GST in RBC was higher in all the types of cataracts as compared to that in controls and in cataractous lenses the mean values were slightly higher in cases of NC cataracts as compared to CC, PSC and MT. The data suggests that GSTM1 positive, GSTT1 null and double null (GSTM1 null and GSTT1 null) genotypes may confer risk for the development of ARC. The increased activity of GST found in the present study could be due to a compensatory mechanism operating in response to increased oxidative stress.
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Abstract
As the baby boom generation ages, it is anticipated that half a million cases per year will be added to the 19 to 21 million Americans not living in institutions or serving in the military who have low vision or blindness. The 4 major causes of vision loss and blindness in the United States are cataract, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration. All 4 diseases involve change in the microcirculation in eye structures. Holistic approaches to health incorporate attention to individuals' lifestyle choices. Relevant research literature was reviewed to identify strategies for lifestyle modification that nurses can use to prevent or slow progression of these diseases. Prevention strategies in general are those that promote avoidance of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Because vision loss has been shown to be associated with diminished quality of life and increased mortality, lifestyle changes that prevent or moderate the impact of these diseases are an important focus of nursing care.
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Kanthan GL, Mitchell P, Burlutsky G, Wang JJ. Alcohol consumption and the long-term incidence of cataract and cataract surgery: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Am J Ophthalmol 2010; 150:434-440.e1. [PMID: 20619390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2010.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2009] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess whether alcohol consumption is associated with the long-term incidence of cataract or cataract surgery. DESIGN Population-based prospective cohort study. METHODS A total of 3654 persons aged 49+ years were examined at baseline and 2564 were re-examined after 5 and/or 10 years. Lens photographs were taken at each visit and assessed using the Wisconsin Cataract Grading System by masked graders. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on alcohol consumption. RESULTS No significant associations were observed between alcohol consumption and long-term risk of nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular cataract. However, after adjusting for age, gender, smoking, diabetes, myopia, socioeconomic status, and steroid use, total alcohol consumption of over 2 standard drinks per day was associated with a significantly increased likelihood of cataract surgery, when compared to total daily alcohol consumption of 1 to 2 standard drinks (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16-3.81). Abstinence from alcohol was also associated with increased likelihood of cataract surgery when compared to a total alcohol consumption of 1 to 2 standard drinks per day (adjusted OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.25-4.46). CONCLUSION A U-shaped association of alcohol consumption with the long-term risk of cataract surgery was found in this older cohort: moderate consumption was associated with 50% lower cataract surgery incidence, compared either to abstinence or heavy alcohol consumption.
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Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a common and specific microvascular complication of diabetes, and remains the leading cause of preventable blindness in working-aged people. It is identified in a third of people with diabetes and associated with increased risk of life-threatening systemic vascular complications, including stroke, coronary heart disease, and heart failure. Optimum control of blood glucose, blood pressure, and possibly blood lipids remains the foundation for reduction of risk of retinopathy development and progression. Timely laser therapy is effective for preservation of sight in proliferative retinopathy and macular oedema, but its ability to reverse visual loss is poor. Vitrectomy surgery might occasionally be needed for advanced retinopathy. New therapies, such as intraocular injection of steroids and antivascular endothelial growth-factor agents, are less destructive to the retina than are older therapies, and could be useful in patients who respond poorly to conventional therapy. The outlook for future treatment modalities, such as inhibition of other angiogenic factors, regenerative therapy, and topical therapy, is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Cheung
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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Loon SC, Tay WT, Saw SM, Wang JJ, Wong TY. Prevalence and risk factors of ocular trauma in an urban south-east Asian population: the Singapore Malay Eye Study. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2009; 37:362-7. [PMID: 19594562 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2009.02035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the prevalence and risk factors of ocular trauma in an urban Asian population. METHODS A population-based survey of 3280 (78.7% response rate) Malay people aged 40-80 years residing in Singapore was conducted in 2004-2006. Interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to ascertain a history of ocular trauma, defined as any eye injury requiring medical attention from a doctor. RESULTS Of the 3264 participants, 149 (5.0%, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 4.1-6.0%) reported a history of ocular trauma. Of those, 30.2% had trauma from a blunt object, 33.6% from a sharp object, and 22.1% from chemical burns. After adjusting for age and sex, men had a higher prevalence of ocular trauma than women (8.3% vs. 2.1%, age-adjusted odds ratio [OR] 4.7, CI 3.1-7.1), and younger persons had a higher risk of ocular trauma (per year increase in age, OR 0.98, CI 0.96-0.99). Consumption of alcohol was associated with higher likelihood of having ocular injury (OR 4.3, CI 2.2-8.4). CONCLUSIONS One in 20 persons in this urban south-east Asian population had a history of ocular trauma. Younger persons, men and consumption of alcohol were risk factors for ocular trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seng C Loon
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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