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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom L(R, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Vleminckx C, Wallace H, Barregård L, Benford D, Dogliotti E, Francesconi K, Gómez Ruiz JÁ, Steinkellner H, Tauriainen T, Schwerdtle T. Risk assessment of small organoarsenic species in food. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8844. [PMID: 38957748 PMCID: PMC11217773 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a risk assessment on small organoarsenic species in food. For monomethylarsonic acid MMA(V), decreased body weight resulting from diarrhoea in rats was identified as the critical endpoint and a BMDL10 of 18.2 mg MMA(V)/kg body weight (bw) per day (equivalent to 9.7 mg As/kg bw per day) was calculated as a reference point (RP). For dimethylarsinic acid DMA(V), increased incidence in urinary bladder tumours in rats was identified as the critical endpoint. A BMDL10 of 1.1 mg DMA(V)/kg bw per day (equivalent to 0.6 mg As/kg bw per day) was calculated as an RP. For other small organoarsenic species, the toxicological data are insufficient to identify critical effects and RPs, and they could not be included in the risk assessment. For both MMA(V) and DMA(V), the toxicological database is incomplete and a margin of exposure (MOE) approach was applied for risk characterisation. The highest chronic dietary exposure to DMA(V) was estimated in 'Toddlers', with rice and fish meat as the main contributors across population groups. For MMA(V), the highest chronic dietary exposures were estimated for high consumers of fish meat and processed/preserved fish in 'Infants' and 'Elderly' age class, respectively. For MMA(V), an MOE of ≥ 500 was identified not to raise a health concern. For MMA(V), all MOEs were well above 500 for average and high consumers and thus do not raise a health concern. For DMA(V), an MOE of 10,000 was identified as of low health concern as it is genotoxic and carcinogenic, although the mechanisms of genotoxicity and its role in carcinogenicity of DMA(V) are not fully elucidated. For DMA(V), MOEs were below 10,000 in many cases across dietary surveys and age groups, in particular for some 95th percentile exposures. The Panel considers that this would raise a health concern.
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Vachiraarunwong A, Gi M, Kiyono T, Suzuki S, Fujioka M, Qiu G, Guo R, Yamamoto T, Kakehashi A, Shiota M, Wanibuchi H. Characterizing the toxicological responses to inorganic arsenicals and their metabolites in immortalized human bladder epithelial cells. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:2065-2084. [PMID: 38630284 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03750-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic is highly toxic to the human bladder. In the present study, we established a human bladder epithelial cell line that closely mimics normal human bladder epithelial cells by immortalizing primary uroplakin 1B-positive human bladder epithelial cells with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (HBladEC-T). The uroplakin 1B-positive human bladder epithelial cell line was then used to evaluate the toxicity of seven arsenicals (iAsV, iAsIII, MMAV, MMAIII, DMAV, DMAIII, and DMMTAV). The cellular uptake and metabolism of each arsenical was different. Trivalent arsenicals and DMMTAV exhibited higher cellular uptake than pentavalent arsenicals. Except for MMAV, arsenicals were transported into cells by aquaglyceroporin 9 (AQP9). In addition to AQP9, DMAIII and DMMTAV were also taken up by glucose transporter 5. Microarray analysis demonstrated that arsenical treatment commonly activated the NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response pathway. ROS production increased with all arsenicals, except for MMAV. The activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) was commonly upregulated in response to oxidative stress in HBladEC-T cells: ATF3 is an important regulator of necroptosis, which is crucial in arsenical-induced bladder carcinogenesis. Inorganic arsenics induced apoptosis while MMAV and DMAIII induced necroptosis. MMAIII, DMAV, and DMMTAV induced both cell death pathways. In summary, MMAIII exhibited the strongest cytotoxicity, followed by DMMTAV, iAsIII, DMAIII, iAsV, DMAV, and MMAV. The cytotoxicity of the tested arsenicals on HBladEC-T cells correlated with their cellular uptake and ROS generation. The ROS/NRF2/ATF3/CHOP signaling pathway emerged as a common mechanism mediating the cytotoxicity and carcinogenicity of arsenicals in HBladEC-T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpamas Vachiraarunwong
- Department of Environmental Risk Assessment, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Min Gi
- Department of Environmental Risk Assessment, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Tohru Kiyono
- Project for Prevention of HPV-Related Cancer, Division of Collaborative Research and Development, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shugo Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Fujioka
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Guiyu Qiu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Runjie Guo
- Department of Environmental Risk Assessment, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Anna Kakehashi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shiota
- Department of Molecular Biology of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Wanibuchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
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Yamamoto T, Gi M, Yamashita S, Suzuki S, Fujioka M, Vachiraarunwong A, Guo R, Qiu G, Kakehashi A, Kato M, Uchida J, Wanibuchi H. DNA Methylation Aberrations in Dimethylarsinic Acid-Induced Bladder Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5274. [PMID: 37958445 PMCID: PMC10648661 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is a known human urinary bladder carcinogen. While arsenic is known to cause aberrant DNA methylation, the mechanism of arsenic-triggered bladder carcinogenesis is not fully understood. The goal of this study was to identify aberrant DNA methylation in rat bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC) induced by dimethylarsinic acid (DMAV), a major organic metabolite of arsenic. We performed genome-wide DNA methylation and microarray gene expression analyses of DMAV-induced rat UCs and the urothelium of rats treated for 4 weeks with DMAV. We identified 40 genes that were both hypermethylated and downregulated in DMAV-induced rat UCs. Notably, four genes (CPXM1, OPCML, TBX20, and KCND3) also showed reduced expression in the bladder urothelium after 4 weeks of exposure to DMAV. We also found that CPXM1 is aberrantly methylated and downregulated in human bladder cancers and human bladder cancer cells. Genes with aberrant DNA methylation and downregulated expression in DMAV-exposed bladder urothelium and in DMAV-induced UCs in rats, suggest that these alterations occurred in the early stages of arsenic-induced bladder carcinogenesis. Further study to evaluate the functions of these genes will advance our understanding of the role of aberrant DNA methylation in arsenic bladder carcinogenesis, and will also facilitate the identification of new therapeutic targets for arsenic-related bladder cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Osaka, Japan; (T.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Urology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Osaka, Japan
| | - Min Gi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Osaka, Japan; (T.Y.)
- Department of Environmental Risk Assessment, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Department of Life Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Maebashi Institute of Technology, 460-1 Kamisadori, Maebashi 371-0816, Gunma, Japan
| | - Shugo Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Osaka, Japan; (T.Y.)
| | - Masaki Fujioka
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Osaka, Japan; (T.Y.)
| | - Arpamas Vachiraarunwong
- Department of Environmental Risk Assessment, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Osaka, Japan
| | - Runjie Guo
- Department of Environmental Risk Assessment, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Osaka, Japan
| | - Guiyu Qiu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Osaka, Japan; (T.Y.)
| | - Anna Kakehashi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Osaka, Japan; (T.Y.)
| | - Minoru Kato
- Department of Molecular Urology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junji Uchida
- Department of Molecular Urology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Wanibuchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Osaka, Japan; (T.Y.)
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Hegedus C, Andronie L, Uiuiu P, Jurco E, Lazar EA, Popescu S. Pets, Genuine Tools of Environmental Pollutant Detection. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2923. [PMID: 37760323 PMCID: PMC10525180 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In a shared environment, our companion animals became unintended sentinels for pollutant exposure consequences, developing even earlier similar conditions to humans. This review focused on the human-pet cohabitation in an environment we all share. Alongside other species, canine and feline companions are veritable models in human medical research. The latency period for showing chronic exposure effects to pollutants is just a few years in them, compared to considerably more, decades in humans. Comparing the serum values of people and their companion animals can, for example, indicate the degree of poisonous lead load we are exposed to and of other substances as well. We can find 2.4 times higher perfluorochemicals from stain- and grease-proof coatings in canine companions, 23 times higher values of flame retardants in cats, and 5 times more mercury compared to the average levels tested in humans. All these represent early warning signals. Taking these into account, together with the animal welfare orientation of today's society, finding non-invasive methods to detect the degree of environmental pollution in our animals becomes paramount, alongside the need to raise awareness of the risks carried by certain chemicals we knowingly use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Hegedus
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Luisa Andronie
- Department of Biophysics, Meteorology and Climatology, Faculty of Forestry and Cadastre, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Paul Uiuiu
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Eugen Jurco
- Department of Technological Sciences, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Eva Andrea Lazar
- Association for the Welfare of Horses, 725700 Vatra Dornei, Romania;
| | - Silvana Popescu
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Welfare, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Li S, Pei L, Zhou Q, Fu Z, Zhang L, Liu P, Yan N, Xi S. SLC1A5 regulates cell proliferation and self-renewal through β-catenin pathway mediated by redox signaling in arsenic-treated uroepithelial cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115204. [PMID: 37393816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic exposure increases the risk of bladder cancer in humans, but its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The alanine, serine, cysteine-preferring transporter 2 (ASCT2, SLC1A5) is frequently overexpressed in cancer cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of arsenic on SLC1A5, and to determine the role of SLC1A5 in the proliferation and self-renewal of uroepithelial cells. F344 rats were exposed to 87 mg/L NaAsO2 or 200 mg/L DMAV for 12 weeks. The SV-40 immortalized human uroepithelial (SV-HUC-1) cells were cultured in medium containing 0.5 μM NaAsO2 for 40 weeks. Arsenic increased the expression levels of SLC1A5 and β-catenin both in vivo and in vitro. SLC1A5 promoted cell proliferation and self-renewal by activating β-catenin, which in turn was dependent on maintaining GSH/ROS homeostasis. Our results suggest that SLC1A5 is a potential therapeutic target for arsenic-induced proliferation and self-renewal of uroepithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihao Li
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Liang Pei
- Department of Pediatric, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhushan Fu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Pinya Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Nan Yan
- School of Medical Applied Technology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shuhua Xi
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; School of Medical Applied Technology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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6
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Lau C, Le XC. Cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, mercury, nickel, and zinc in freshwater fish: Assessing trophic transfer using stable isotope ratios of δ 15N and δ 13C. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 128:250-257. [PMID: 36801038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chester Lau
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - X Chris Le
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada; Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada.
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7
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Chen X, Cheng Y, Tian X, Li J, Ying X, Zhao Q, Wang M, Liu Y, Qiu Y, Yan X, Ren X. Urinary microbiota and metabolic signatures associated with inorganic arsenic-induced early bladder lesions. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 259:115010. [PMID: 37211000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic (iAs) contamination in drinking water is a global public health problem, and exposure to iAs is a known risk factor for bladder cancer. Perturbation of urinary microbiome and metabolome induced by iAs exposure may have a more direct effect on the development of bladder cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of iAs exposure on urinary microbiome and metabolome, and to identify microbiota and metabolic signatures that are associated with iAs-induced bladder lesions. We evaluated and quantified the pathological changes of bladder, and performed 16S rDNA sequencing and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics profiling on urine samples from rats exposed to low (30 mg/L NaAsO2) or high (100 mg/L NaAsO2) iAs from early life (in utero and childhood) to puberty. Our results showed that iAs induced pathological bladder lesions, and more severe effects were noticed in the high-iAs group and male rats. Furthermore, six and seven featured urinary bacteria genera were identified in female and male offspring rats, respectively. Several characteristic urinary metabolites, including Menadione, Pilocarpine, N-Acetylornithine, Prostaglandin B1, Deoxyinosine, Biopterin, and 1-Methyluric acid, were identified significantly higher in the high-iAs groups. In addition, the correlation analysis demonstrated that the differential bacteria genera were highly correlated with the featured urinary metabolites. Collectively, these results suggest that exposure to iAs in early life not only causes bladder lesions, but also perturbs urinary microbiome composition and associated metabolic profiles, which shows a strong correlation. Those differential urinary genera and metabolites may contribute to bladder lesions, suggesting a potential for development of urinary biomarkers for iAs-induced bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xushen Chen
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Ying Cheng
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaolin Tian
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaodong Ying
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Qiuyi Zhao
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yulan Qiu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yan
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuefeng Ren
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States.
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Yin JZ, Shi XQ, Wang MD, Du H, Zhao XW, Li B, Yang MH. Arsenic trioxide elicits anti-tumor activity by inhibiting polarization of M2-like tumor-associated macrophages via Notch signaling pathway in lung adenocarcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109899. [PMID: 36827926 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Drug-resistant advanced lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is an aggressive malignancy with limited treatment options. A therapeutic strategy for drug-resistant LUAD is to target the tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), because they play an important role in tumor immune escape, progression and metastasis. In this study, we conducted in vivo and in vitro investigation of the inhibitory effect of arsenic trioxide (ATO) on polarization of TAMs educated by LUAD. We found that ATO at a concentration of 4 μM disrupted the Notch-dependent positive feedback loop between LUAD and TAMs. In this loop, ATO inhibited the expression of Jagged1 and Notch1 in LUAD and suppressed M2 polarization via down-regulating Notch-dependent paracrine of CCL2 and IL1β. As a result, the secretion of M2-derived TGF-β1 decreased, thus inducing inhibitions of LUAD proliferation, migration, invasion, colony formation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In xenograft mouse models, ATO significantly inhibited tumor growth and down-regulated infiltration of M2-like TAMs in tumor tissues. In clinical LUAD biopsy samples, high Jagged1/Notch1 expression positively correlated with tumor-infiltrated M2-like TAMs, leading to poor prognosis. In conclusion, our results identified a novel tumor immunomodulating function for ATO, which can inhibit the polarization of M2-type TAMs to exert anti-tumor effects in the tumor microenvironment. Our results demonstrated the translational potential of repurposing ATO to target TAMs for lung adenocarcinoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Zhong Yin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1279 Sanmen Road, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Ming-Dong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1279 Sanmen Road, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - He Du
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xue-Wei Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1279 Sanmen Road, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1279 Sanmen Road, Shanghai 200434, China.
| | - Meng-Hang Yang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Glucogallin Attenuates RAW 264.7 Cells from Arsenic Trioxide Induced Toxicity via the NF-ҡB/NLRP3 Pathway. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165263. [PMID: 36014502 PMCID: PMC9413377 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic arsenic (As) poisoning is mostly due to subsoil water contaminated with As and its salts. Exposure to As has been found to cause an elevation in reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to the damage of DNA and proteins, and it also causes immunotoxicity. Treatment regimens are primarily based on chelation therapy and amino acid and vitamin supplementations. Recent studies have established that natural products display effective and progressive relief from arsenicosis without any side effects. β-glucogallin (BGG), a gallo-tannin natural product, is reported to possess anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, we aim to observe the protective role of BGG against As-induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the underlying mechanisms in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. We found that BGG alleviates As-induced ROS, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Thus, BGG can be used therapeutically to prevent As-induced toxicity.
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Flora SJS, Jain K, Panghal A, Patwa J. Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of Monoisoamyl Dimercaptosuccinic Acid: A Chelating Agent for Chronic Metal Poisoning. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1701-1719. [PMID: 35972774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic, a metalloid, is known to cause deleterious effects in various body organs, particularly the liver, urinary bladder, and brain, and these effects are primarily mediated through oxidative stress. Chelation therapy has been considered one of the promising medical treatments for arsenic poisoning. Meso 2,3- dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) has been recognized as one of the most effective chelating drugs to treat arsenic poisoning. However, the drug is compromised with a number of shortcomings, including the inability to treat chronic arsenic poisoning due to its extracellular distribution. Monoisoamyl 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid, one of the analogues of meso 2,3-dimeraptosuccinic acid (DMSA), is a lipophilic chelator and has shown promise to be considered as a potential future chelating agent/antidote not only for arsenic but also for a few other heavy metals like lead, mercury, cadmium, and gallium arsenide. The results from numerous studies carried out in the recent past, mainly from our group, strongly support the clinical application of MiADMSA. This review paper summarizes most of the scientific details including the chemistry, pharmacology, and safety profile of MiADMSA. The efficacy of MiADMSA mainly against arsenic toxicity but also a few other heavy metals was also discussed. We also reviewed a few other strategies in order to achieve the optimum effects of MiADMSA, like combination therapy using two chelating agents or coadministration of a natural and synthetic antioxidant (including phytomedicine) along with MiADMSA for treatment of metal/metalloid poisoning. We also briefly discussed the use of nanotechnology (nano form of MiADMSA i.e. nano-MiADMSA) and compared it with bulk MiADMSA. All these strategies have been shown to be beneficial in getting more pronounced therapeutic efficacy of MiADMSA, as an adjuvant or as a complementary agent, by significantly increasing the chelating efficacy of MiADMSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaran J S Flora
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Near CRPF Base, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226002, India.,National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Keerti Jain
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Near CRPF Base, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226002, India
| | - Archna Panghal
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Jayant Patwa
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Near CRPF Base, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226002, India
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Pandey R, Garg A, Gupta K, Shukla P, Mandrah K, Roy S, Chattopadhyay N, Bandyopadhyay S. Arsenic Induces Differential Neurotoxicity in Male, Female, and E2-Deficient Females: Comparative Effects on Hippocampal Neurons and Cognition in Adult Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:2729-2744. [PMID: 35175559 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02770-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We earlier reported that arsenic induced hippocampal neuronal loss, causing cognitive dysfunctions in male rats. This neuronal damage mechanism involved an altered bone morphogenetic protein (BMP2)/Smad and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/TrkB signaling. Susceptibility to toxicants is often sex-dependent, and hence we studied the comparative effects of arsenic in adult male and female rats. We observed that a lower dose of arsenic reduced learning-memory ability, examined through passive avoidance and Y-maze tests, in male but not female rats. Again, male rats exhibited greater learning-memory loss at a higher dose of arsenic. Supporting this, arsenic-treated male rats demonstrated larger reduction in the hippocampal NeuN and %-surviving neurons, together with increased apoptosis and altered BMP2/Smad and BDNF/TrkB pathways compared to their female counterparts. Since the primary female hormone, estrogen (E2), regulates normal brain functions, we next probed whether endogenous E2 levels in females offered resistance against arsenic-induced neurotoxicity. We used ovariectomized (OVX) rat as the model for E2 deficiency. We primarily identified that OVX itself induced hippocampal neuronal damage and cognitive decline, involving an increased BMP2/Smad and reduced BDNF/TrkB. Further, these effects appeared greater in arsenic + OVX compared to arsenic + sham (ovary intact) or OVX rats alone. The OVX-induced adverse effects were significantly reduced by E2 treatment. Overall, our study suggests that adult males could be more susceptible than females to arsenic-induced neurotoxicity. It also indicates that endogenous E2 regulates hippocampal BMP and BDNF signaling and restrains arsenic-induced neuronal dysfunctions in females, which may be inhibited in E2-deficient conditions, such as menopause or ovarian failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukmani Pandey
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics of Neurodegeneration, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, USA
| | - Asmita Garg
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Keerti Gupta
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Pallavi Shukla
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Division of Microbial Technology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Kapil Mandrah
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Somendu Roy
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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12
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Fu Y, Bi Z, Li L, Wadgaonkar P, Qiu Y, Almutairy B, Zhang W, Seno A, Thakur C, Chen F. Metabolomic dynamics of the arsenic-transformed bronchial epithelial cells and the derived cancer stem-like cells. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:301-314. [PMID: 34975334 PMCID: PMC8692148 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.67314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates a carcinogenic role of environmental arsenic exposure, but mechanisms on how arsenic fosters malignant transformation of the normal cells are not fully established. By applying untargeted global metabolomics approach, we now show that arsenic is highly capable of perturbing the intracellular metabolic programs of the human bronchial epithelial cells, some of which are prominent hallmarks of cancer cell metabolism. To understand the spatiotemporal patterns of arsenic regulation on multiple metabolic pathways, we treated the cells with environmentally relevant concentration of arsenic, 0.25 μM, consecutively for 6 weeks to 24 weeks, and found that arsenic prompted heme metabolism, glycolysis, sphingolipid metabolism, phospholipid catabolism, protein degradation, and cholesterol breakdown constitutively, but inhibited metabolism of uracil-containing pyrimidine, carnitine, serotonin, polyamines, and fatty acid β-oxidation. A strong inhibition of all metabolites in mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle was noted in the cells treated with As3+ for 6 to 13 weeks. However, the metabolites in the earlier, but not the later steps of TCA cycle, including citrate, aconitate and isocitrate, were induced at 16 weeks through 24 weeks of arsenic treatment. This comprehensive metabolomics analysis provides new insights into metabolic perturbation by arsenic and may lead to more precise indications of arsenic in molecular carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Fu
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, The State University of New York, Stony Brook University, Lauterbur Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Zhuoyue Bi
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, The State University of New York, Stony Brook University, Lauterbur Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Lingzhi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Priya Wadgaonkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Yiran Qiu
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, The State University of New York, Stony Brook University, Lauterbur Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Bandar Almutairy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Wenxuan Zhang
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, The State University of New York, Stony Brook University, Lauterbur Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Akimasa Seno
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Chitra Thakur
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, The State University of New York, Stony Brook University, Lauterbur Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Fei Chen
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, The State University of New York, Stony Brook University, Lauterbur Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 101 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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13
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Guo W, Zhang Z, Wang H, Qin H, Fu Z. Exposure characteristics of antimony and coexisting arsenic from multi-path exposure in typical antimony mine area. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 289:112493. [PMID: 33823409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, samples of daily foods, drinking waters, surface waters, and soils were collected and screened to investigate the external exposure of Sb and As from various intake pathways in typical Sb mining area. Biomarker samples of residents were analyzed to monitor internal exposure characteristic of Sb and As in human body. Exposure dosages of As and Sb and transfer of Sb and As from environment to human body were estimated based on the external and internal exposure. The following results were obtained: daily intakes of food accounted for major intakes of both Sb and As, and highlighted the significance of foods intakes from rice and vegetable. The results of Monte Carlo simulations showed that total daily intake of Sb(n = 1444)and As(n = 1131) approximately reached 1.08 × 10-2 mg/kg/d and 1.19 × 10-3 mg/kg/d, in which 98.82% and 63.07% of residents have exceeded the threshold dosages of Sb and As. The contaminants contents in biomarkers indicated that Sb exhibited the similar internal exposure as As, while the total transfer rate of Sb from environment to human were estimated as approximately 2.04-2.40 times lower than As. This study also suggested that drinking water is another important pathway with high bioavailability and male resident may present higher priority than female in uptake of Sb and As. The paper suggested the similarity and difference on bioavailability existed in Sb and its group V elements, As, that would provide the essential information on exposure of Sb and As in the typical Sb mine area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Guo
- Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environmental Sciences, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environmental Sciences, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Hao Wang
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Hongjie Qin
- Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environmental Sciences, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Zhiyou Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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14
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Roggenbeck BA, Bull Chief LK, Walk ST. Antibiotic perturbation of the murine gut microbiome introduces inter-individual susceptibility to arsenic. Toxicology 2021; 456:152798. [PMID: 33901602 PMCID: PMC8204511 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a Group 1 human carcinogen and at least 200 million people around the world are exposed to unsafe levels of arsenic, predominantly through contaminated drinking water. Arsenic has also been used for hundreds, if not thousands, of years as an intentional poison due to its odorless/tasteless properties and the general lack of technology required to identify it. Both acute and chronic arsenic-related health outcomes are highly variable among similarly exposed individuals even after controlling for important factors, like host genetics, making the mechanisms underlying this often-made epidemiologic observation difficult to experimentally address and not fully understood. Here, we describe an experimental model of arsenic exposure in C57BL/6 mice that recapitulates key aspects of inter-individuality in disease observed in humans. We show that co-administration of the antibiotic, cefoperazone, and high-level arsenic (100 ppm, inorganic sodium arsenate) results in incomplete mortality with a ratio of 60 % lethality to 40 % survival, and that survival, at least in part, depends not only on an intact microbiome but also a regulated response involved with water transport. This work provides an experimental framework for identifying critical pathways involved in generating inter-individual variability in disease outcome following arsenic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Roggenbeck
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, United States
| | - Lila K Bull Chief
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, United States
| | - Seth T Walk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, United States.
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15
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Zhou Q, Jin P, Liu J, Li S, Liu W, Xi S. Arsenic-induced HER2 promotes proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of bladder epithelial cells via activation of multiple signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 753:141962. [PMID: 32890875 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a known human carcinogen with a hitherto unknown mechanism of action. Dimethylarsinic acid (DMAV) is a methylated metabolite of arsenicals found in most mammals, and long-term exposure to DMAV can lead to bladder cancer in rats. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is an oncogenic factor that is overexpressed in bladder cancer, but its role in the initiation and progression of As-induced bladder cancer has not been elucidated. We found that HER2 was up-regulated in human uroepithelial cells treated with arsenite as well as in the bladder tissues of DMAV-exposed rats. HER2 overexpression correlated to increased cell proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration and angiogenesis in vitro. The anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab significantly decreased serum vascular endothelial-derived growth factor (VEGF) levels and that of proliferation-related proteins in the bladder tissues of DMAV-exposed rats. Furthermore, inhibition of HER2, as well as that of the MAPK, AKT and STAT3 pathways, attenuated arsenite-induced proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of human uroepithelial cells, and increased apoptosis rates in vitro. These findings indicate that HER2 mediates the oncogenic effects of As on bladder epithelial cells by activating the MAPK, PI3K/AKT and Src/STAT3 signaling pathways, and is therefore a promising biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peiyu Jin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jieyu Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sihao Li
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weijue Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuhua Xi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Chang CW, Ou CH, Yu CC, Lo CW, Tsai CY, Cheng PY, Chen YT, Huang HC, Wu CC, Li CC, Lee HY. Comparative analysis of patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma in black-foot disease endemic and non-endemic area. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:80. [PMID: 33468084 PMCID: PMC7816491 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07799-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high incidence of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma has been reported in the southwestern area of Taiwan, where arsenic water contamination was considered the main cause. However, there is no definite proof to show a correlation between arsenic water contamination and upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. To investigate the clinical and epidemiological features of patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma between arsenic water endemic and non-endemic areas, we analyzed patients in terms of characteristics, stratified overall survival, disease-free survival, and cancer-specific survival. METHODS The records of a total of 1194 patients diagnosed with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical data and current medical status were collected from the medical records. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the clinical variables and stratified survival curves between endemic and non-endemic groups. RESULTS Female predominance was revealed in both endemic and non-endemic groups (male:female ratio = 1:1.2-1.4). No statistical differences were found in histological types, staging, and tumor size between the two groups. Nonetheless, patients with characteristics of aging and having end-stage renal disease were outnumbered in the non-endemic group, while a higher prevalence of previous bladder tumors and more ureteral tumors were found in the endemic group. Adjusted stratified cumulative survival curves suggested a poorer prognosis in endemic patients, especially in disease-free survival of early stage disease. CONCLUSIONS A higher mortality rate with more previous bladder cancer history and ureteral tumors was seen in patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma residing in the arsenic water contamination area. This may be attributed to the long-term carcinogenic effect of arsenic underground water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Wei Chang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hui Ou
- Department of Urology, National Cheng-Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chin Yu
- Department of Urology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wen Lo
- Department of Urology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-You Tsai
- Department of Urology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Pai-Yu Cheng
- Department of Urology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Tai Chen
- Department of Urology, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Che Huang
- Department of Urology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chang Wu
- Department of Urology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chia Li
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Ying Lee
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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17
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Li J, Guo Y, Duan X, Li B. Tissue- and Region-Specific Accumulation of Arsenic Species, Especially in the Brain of Mice, After Long-term Arsenite Exposure in Drinking Water. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 198:168-176. [PMID: 31925743 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is identified as a known carcinogen and ubiquitously exists in nature. It appears that accumulation of inorganic arsenic (iAs) and its methylated metabolites in various tissues is closely correlated with the long-term toxicity and carcinogenicity of this metalloid. In this study, various arsenic species in murine tissues, especially in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus, were determined after long-term exposure to 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/L sodium arsenite in drinking water for 1 and 12 months. Our data showed that the amount of total arsenic (TAs) increased in an obvious dose-dependent manner in various tissues, and TAs levels were in the order of urinary bladder > brain > lung > liver > kidney > spleen. Furthermore, iAsIII and DMA could be observed in all tissues and brain regions with DMA being the predominant metabolite. The bladder, brain, and lung orderly contained the higher levels of DMA, while the liver, kidney, and spleen accumulated the higher proportion of iAsIII. MMA was preferentially accumulated in the lung and bladder of mice regardless of arsenic exposure doses or duration. What's more, amazingly higher levels of MMA were observed in the hippocampus, which was distinguished from the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. Together with these results, our study clearly demonstrates that the accumulation of iAs and its methylated metabolites is tissue-specific and even not homogeneous among different brain regions in mice by long-term exposure to arsenite. Our study thus provides crucial information for recognizing arsenical neurotoxicity, and reducing the uncertainty in the risk assessment for this toxic metalloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Li
- Environment and Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Key Laboratory of Arsenic-related Biological Effects and Prevention and Treatment in Liaoning Province, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Pu he Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry in Hebei Province, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Environment and Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Key Laboratory of Arsenic-related Biological Effects and Prevention and Treatment in Liaoning Province, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Pu he Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxu Duan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Bing Li
- Environment and Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Key Laboratory of Arsenic-related Biological Effects and Prevention and Treatment in Liaoning Province, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Pu he Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Integrative genomics and pathway analysis identified prevalent FA-BRCA pathway alterations in arsenic-associated urinary bladder carcinoma: Chronic arsenic accumulation in cancer tissues hampers the FA-BRCA pathway. Genomics 2020; 112:5055-5065. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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19
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Mattisson K, Tekavec E, Lundh T, Stroh E. Cadmium and Lead Levels in Blood and Arsenic Levels in Urine among Schoolchildren Living in Contaminated Glassworks Areas, Sweden. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7382. [PMID: 33050429 PMCID: PMC7600003 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Kingdom of Crystal, an area in southern Sweden famous for its many glassworks, is historically heavily burdened by pollution from this industry. Glass crust containing cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) has been deposited around the area and used as filling. The purpose of this study was to monitor whether the high levels of metals in the contaminated soil were reflected in blood and urine among school children in this area. Blood and urine samples were collected from 87 children in 2017. The levels of cadmium (Cd-B) and lead (Pb-B) found in blood were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The speciation of As in urine (As-U) was performed by ion chromatography. The geometric mean of Cd-B and Pb-B among the children were 0.09 μg/L and 9.9 μg/L respectively. The geometric mean of inorganic As (AsIII and AsV) with metabolites in urine was 6.1 μg/L and 6.94 μg/g creatinine. Children in the study area had blood levels of Pb and Cd that correspond to levels generally found in Swedish children. The levels of inorganic As and its metabolites in urine were low and in the same magnitude as other children in Europe and the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Mattisson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (E.T.); (T.L.); (E.S.)
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20
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Tan X, Broses LJ, Zhou M, Day KC, Liu W, Li Z, Weizer AZ, Munson KA, Khaing Oo MK, Day ML, Fan X. Multiparameter urine analysis for quantitative bladder cancer surveillance of orthotopic xenografted mice. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:634-646. [PMID: 31922156 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01006h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The human-derived orthotopic xenograft mouse model is an effective platform for performing in vivo bladder cancer studies to examine tumor development, metastasis, and therapeutic effects of drugs. To date, the surveillance of tumor progression in real time for orthotopic bladder xenografts is highly dependent on semi-quantitative in vivo imaging technologies such as bioluminescence. While these imaging technologies can estimate tumor progression, they are burdened with requirements such as anesthetics, specialized equipment, and genetic modification of the injected cell line. Thus, a convenient and non-invasive technology to quantitatively monitor the growth of bladder cancer in orthotopic xenografts is highly desired. In this work, using a microfluidic chemiluminescent ELISA platform, we have successfully developed a rapid, multiparameter urine-based and non-invasive biomolecular prognostic technology for orthotopic bladder cancer xenografts. This method consists of two steps. First, the concentrations of a panel of four urinary biomarkers are quantified from the urine of mice bearing orthotopic bladder xenografts. Second, machine learning and principal component analysis (PCA) algorithms are applied to analyze the urinary biomarkers, and subsequently, a score is assigned to indicate the tumor growth. With this methodology, we have quantitatively monitored the orthotopic growth of human bladder cancer that was inoculated with low, medium, and high cancer cell numbers. We also employed this method and performed a proof of principle experiment to examine the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of the EGFR inhibitor, dacomitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Luke J Broses
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. and Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Menglian Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Kathleen C Day
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. and Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wenyi Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Ziqi Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Alon Z Weizer
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. and Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Katherine A Munson
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. and Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Mark L Day
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. and Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xudong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Jou YC, Wang SC, Dai YC, Chen SY, Shen CH, Lee YR, Chen LC, Liu YW. Gene expression and DNA methylation regulation of arsenic in mouse bladder tissues and in human urothelial cells. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:1005-1016. [PMID: 31322264 PMCID: PMC6667867 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
According to a report of the International Agency for Research on Cancer, arsenic and inorganic arsenic compounds are classified into Group 1 carcinogens with regard to human health. Epidemiological studies indicate that arsenic is one of the main risk factors for the development of bladder cancer. In the present study, arsenic-altered gene expression in mouse bladder tissues and in human urothelial cells was compared. In the mouse model, sodium arsenite-induced mouse urothelial hyperplasia and intracellular inclusions were present. Following DNA array analysis, four genes with differential expression were selected for quantitative real-time PCR assay. The genes were the following: Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), adenosine A1 receptor (ADORA1), metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) and Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (Wif1). The results indicated a significant increase in the levels of Cbs and Adora1. The analysis of the DNA CpG methylation levels of the mouse Cbs and Adora1 genes revealed no significant change. In contrast to these observations, the four genes were further analyzed in the human normal urothelial cell line SV-HUC1. The data indicated that WIF1 gene expression was decreased by sodium arsenite, whereas this was not noted for CBS, MALAT1 and ADORA1. Sodium arsenite decreased mRNA and protein expression levels of the WIF1 gene. In addition, the methylation levels of the WIF1 gene were increased. Sodium arsenite inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell migration as demonstrated in cell functional assays. The gene status was compared in 8 human urothelial cell lines, and WIF1 mRNA expression levels were determined to be higher, whereas DNA CpG methylation levels were lower in SV-HUC1 cells compared with those noted in the other 7 bladder cancer cell lines. In summary, the data indicated that sodium arsenite decreased WIF1 gene expression and promoted cell migration. The increased methylation levels of WIF1 DNA CpG could be a potential biomarker for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Chin Jou
- Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shou-Chieh Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung 437, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yuan-Chang Dai
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Ying Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Huang Shen
- Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ying-Ray Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Lei-Chin Chen
- Department of Nutrition, I‑Shou University, Jiaosu, Yanchao, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Wen Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600, Taiwan, R.O.C
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23
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Ooki A, Begum A, Marchionni L, VandenBussche CJ, Mao S, Kates M, Hoque MO. Arsenic promotes the COX2/PGE2-SOX2 axis to increase the malignant stemness properties of urothelial cells. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:113-126. [PMID: 29396848 PMCID: PMC5938132 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic arsenic exposure is associated with the development of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB). To elucidate the contribution of arsenic exposure to urothelial cancer stem cell (CSC) generation, we established an in vitro stepwise malignant model transformed by chronically exposing human urothelial cells to arsenic. Using this model, we found that chronic arsenic exposure endows urothelial cells with malignant stemness properties including increased expression of stemness-related factors such as SOX2, sphere formation, self-renewal, invasion and chemoresistance. SOX2 was gradually and irreversibly overexpressed in line with acquired sphere-forming and self-renewal abilities. Following gene set enrichment analyses of arsenic-exposed and arsenic-unexposed cells, we found COX2 as an enriched gene for oncogenic signature. Mechanistically, arsenic-induced COX2/PGE2 increases SOX2 expression that eventually promotes malignant stem cell generation and repopulation. In urine samples from 90 subjects exposed to arsenic and 91 control subjects, we found a significant linear correlation between SOX2 and COX2 expression and the potential of SOX2 and COX2 expression as urinary markers to detect subjects exposed to arsenic. Furthermore, the combination marker yielded a high sensitivity for UCB detection in a separate cohort. Finally, our in vitro model exhibits basal-type molecular features and dual inhibition of EGFR and COX2 attenuated stem cell enrichment more efficiently than an EGFR inhibitor alone. In conclusion, the COX2/PGE2-SOX2 axis promotes arsenic-induced malignant stem cell transformation. In addition, our findings indicate the possible use of SOX2 and COX2 expression as urinary markers for the risk stratification and detection of UCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ooki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - Asma Begum
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - Luigi Marchionni
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | | | - Shifeng Mao
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA
| | - Max Kates
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Mohammad Obaidul Hoque
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
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24
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Dai YC, Wang SC, Haque MM, Lin WH, Lin LC, Chen CH, Liu YW. The interaction of arsenic and N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine on urothelial carcinogenesis in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186214. [PMID: 29016672 PMCID: PMC5634628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The bladder is an important organ for the storage of excreted water and metabolites. If metabolites with carcinogenic characteristics are present in urine, the urothelial lining of the bladder could be damaged and genetically altered. In this study, we analyzed the interaction of arsenic and N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) on mouse bladder carcinogenesis. Our previous study found that arsenic affects BBN-altered urothelial enzymatic activity, protein expression, DNA oxidation and global DNA CpG methylation levels. In this study, two mouse models were used. First, after administering a co-treatment of BBN and arsenic for 20 weeks, BBN alone led to a urothelial carcinoma formation of 20%, and arsenic promoted a BBN-induced urothelial carcinoma formation of 10%. The protein expression of GSTM1, GSTO1, NQO1, and p21 did not change by arsenic along with the BBN co-treatment, but the Sp1 expression increased. In the second mouse model, BBN was a pretreatment promoter; arsenic dose-dependently deteriorated BBN-promoted dysplasia by 10% and 40% at 10 ppm and 100 ppm, respectively. Conversely, BBN pretreatment also accelerated arsenic-induced dysplasia by 30%. The urothelial carcinogenic effect reversed after ceasing BBN for a period of 20 weeks. In summary, three conclusions were drawn from this study. The first is the mutual promotion of arsenic and BBN in bladder carcinogenesis. Second, arsenic dosages without bladder carcinogenicity (10 ppm) or with slight carcinogenicity (100 ppm) promote BBN-induced mice bladder cancer progression. Finally, the dysplastic urothelium had reverted to near-normal morphology after ceasing BBN intake for 20 weeks, providing a good suggestion for people who want to quit smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chang Dai
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Chieh Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Food Science, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Mohammad Mezbahul Haque
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Han Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Lei-Chen Lin
- Department of Forestry and Nature Resources, College of Agriculture, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsein Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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25
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Kao YT, Wu CH, Wu SY, Lan SH, Liu HS, Tseng YS. Arsenic treatment increase Aurora-A overexpression through E2F1 activation in bladder cells. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:277. [PMID: 28420331 PMCID: PMC5394624 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3253-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Arsenic is a widely distributed metalloid compound that has biphasic effects on cultured cells. In large doses, arsenic can be toxic enough to trigger cell death. In smaller amounts, non-toxic doses may promote cell proliferation and induces carcinogenesis. Aberration of chromosome is frequently detected in epithelial cells and lymphocytes of individuals from arsenic contaminated areas. Overexpression of Aurora-A, a mitotic kinase, results in chromosomal instability and cell transformation. We have reported that low concentration (≦1 μM) of arsenic treatment increases Aurora-A expression in immortalized bladder urothelial E7 cells. However, how arsenic induces carcinogenesis through Aurora-A activation remaining unclear. Methods Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) staining, MTT assay, and flow cytometry assay were conducted to determine cell proliferation. Messenger RNA and protein expression levels of Aurora-A were detected by reverse transcriptional-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Centrosome of cells was observed by immunofluorescent staining. The transcription factor of Aurora-A was investigated by promoter activity, chromosome immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and small interfering RNA (shRNA) assays. Mouse model was utilized to confirm the relationship between arsenic and Aurora-A. Results We reveal that low dosage of arsenic treatment increased cell proliferation is associated with accumulated cell population at S phase. We also detected increased Aurora-A expression at mRNA and protein levels in immortalized bladder urothelial E7 cells exposed to low doses of arsenic. Arsenic-treated cells displayed increased multiple centrosome which is resulted from overexpressed Aurora-A. Furthermore, the transcription factor, E2F1, is responsible for Aurora-A overexpression after arsenic treatment. We further disclosed that Aurora-A expression and cell proliferation were increased in bladder and uterus tissues of the BALB/c mice after long-term arsenic (1 mg/L) exposure for 2 months. Conclusion We reveal that low dose of arsenic induced cell proliferation is through Aurora-A overexpression, which is transcriptionally regulated by E2F1 both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings disclose a new possibility that arsenic at low concentration activates Aurora-A to induce carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Kao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Han Wu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Ying Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hui Lan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Sheng Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Shih Tseng
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Life Science, Chung Hwa University of Medical technology, Tainan, Taiwan.
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26
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Khairul I, Wang QQ, Jiang YH, Wang C, Naranmandura H. Metabolism, toxicity and anticancer activities of arsenic compounds. Oncotarget 2017; 8:23905-23926. [PMID: 28108741 PMCID: PMC5410354 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of studies indicated that inorganic arsenic and its methylated metabolites have paradoxical effects, namely, carcinogenic and anticancer effects. Epidemiological studies have shown that long term exposure to arsenic can increase the risk of cancers of lung, skin or bladder in man, which is probably associated with the arsenic metabolism. In fact, the enzymatic conversion of inorganic arsenic by Arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (AS3MT) to mono- and dimethylated arsenic species has long been considered as a major route for detoxification. However, several studies have also indicated that biomethylation of inorganic arsenic, particularly the production of trivalent methylated metabolites, is a process that activates arsenic as a toxin and a carcinogen. On the other hand, arsenic trioxide (As2O3) has recently been recognized as one of the most effective drugs for the treatment of APL. However, elaboration of the cytotoxic mechanisms of arsenic and its methylated metabolites in eradicating cancer is sorely lacking. To provide a deeper understanding of the toxicity and carcinogenicity along with them use of arsenic in chemotherapy, caution is required considering the poor understanding of its various mechanisms of exerting toxicity. Thereby, in this review, we have focused on arsenic metabolic pathway, the roles of the methylated arsenic metabolites in toxicity and in the therapeutic efficacy for the treatments of solid tumors, APL and/or non-APL malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Khairul
- Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine and Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Qian Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine and Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Han Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine and Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine and Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Naranmandura
- Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine and Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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27
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Hu L, Yang F, Lu L, Dai W. Arsenic-induced sumoylation of Mus81 is involved in regulating genomic stability. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:802-811. [PMID: 28318385 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1302628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic environmental exposure to metal toxicants such as chromium and arsenic is closely related to the development of several types of common cancers. Genetic and epigenetic studies in the past decade reveal that post-translational modifications of histones play a role in metal carcinogenesis. However, exact molecular mechanisms of metal carcinogenesis remain to be elucidated. In this study we found that As2O3, an environmental metal toxicant, upregulated overall modifications of many cellular proteins by SUMO2/3. Sumoylated proteins from arsenic-treated cells constitutively expressing His6-SUMO2 were pulled down by Ni-IDA resin under denaturing conditions. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed over 100 proteins that were potentially modified by sumoylation. Mus81, a DNA endonuclease involved in homologous recombination repair, was among the identified proteins whose sumoylation was increased after treatment with As2O3. We further showed that K10 and K524 were 2 lysine residues essential for Mus81 sumoylation. Moreover, we demonstrated that Mus81 sumoylation is important for normal mitotic chromosome congression and that cells expressing SUMO-resistant Mus81 mutants displayed compromised DNA damage responses after exposure to metal toxins such as Cr(VI) and arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Hu
- a Department of Environmental Medicine , New York University Langone Medical Center , Tuxedo , NY , USA
| | - Feikun Yang
- b University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Lou Lu
- c Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine , David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles , Torrance , CA , USA
| | - Wei Dai
- a Department of Environmental Medicine , New York University Langone Medical Center , Tuxedo , NY , USA
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28
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Fujioka M, Gi M, Kawachi S, Tatsumi K, Ishii N, Doi K, Kakehashi A, Wanibuchi H. Examination of in vivo mutagenicity of sodium arsenite and dimethylarsinic acid in gpt delta rats. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 49:125-130. [PMID: 28007167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a well-known human bladder and liver carcinogen, but its exact mechanism of carcinogenicity is not fully understood. Dimethylarsinic acid (DMAV) is a major urinary metabolite of sodium arsenite (iAsIII) and induces urinary bladder cancers in rats. DMAV and iAsIII are negative in in vitro mutagenicity tests. However, their in vivo mutagenicities have not been determined. The purpose of present study is to evaluate the in vivo mutagenicities of DMAV and iAsIII in rat urinary bladder epithelium and liver using gpt delta F344 rats. Ten-week old male gpt delta F344 rats were randomized into 3 groups and administered 0, 92mg/L DMAV, or 87mg/L iAsIII (each 50mg/L As) for 13weeks in the drinking water. In the mutation assay, point mutations are detected in the gpt gene by 6-thioguanine selection (gpt assay) and deletion mutations are identified in the red/gam genes by Spi- selection (Spi- assay). Results of the gpt and Spi- assays showed that DMAV and iAsIII had no effects on the mutant frequencies or mutation spectrum in urinary bladder epithelium or liver. These findings indicate that DMAV and iAsIII are not mutagenic in urinary bladder epithelium or liver in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Fujioka
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, 545-8585, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Min Gi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, 545-8585, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoko Kawachi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, 545-8585, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kumiko Tatsumi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, 545-8585, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naomi Ishii
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, 545-8585, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Doi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, 545-8585, Osaka, Japan
| | - Anna Kakehashi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, 545-8585, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Wanibuchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, 545-8585, Osaka, Japan.
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29
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Pace C, Banerjee TD, Welch B, Khalili R, Dagda RK, Angermann J. Monomethylarsonous acid, but not inorganic arsenic, is a mitochondria-specific toxicant in vascular smooth muscle cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 35:188-201. [PMID: 27327130 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic exposure has been implicated as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer, yet the role mitochondrial dysfunction plays in the cellular mechanisms of pathology is largely unknown. To investigate arsenic-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), we exposed rat aortic smooth muscle cells (A7r5) to inorganic arsenic (iAs(III)) and its metabolite monomethylarsonous acid (MMA(III)) and compared their effects on mitochondrial function and oxidative stress. Our results indicate that MMA(III) is significantly more toxic to mitochondria than iAs(III). Exposure of VSMCs to MMA(III), but not iAs(III), significantly decreased basal and maximal oxygen consumption rates and concomitantly increased compensatory extracellular acidification rates, a proxy for glycolysis. Treatment with MMA(III) significantly increased hydrogen peroxide and superoxide levels compared to iAs(III). Exposure to MMA(III) resulted in significant decreases in mitochondrial ATP, aberrant perinuclear clustering of mitochondria, and decreased mitochondrial content. Mechanistically, we observed that mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide contribute to mitochondrial toxicity, as treatment of cells with MnTBAP (a mitochondrial superoxide dismutase mimetic) and catalase significantly reduced mitochondrial respiration deficits and cell death induced by both arsenic compounds. Overall, our data demonstrates that MMA(III) is a mitochondria-specific toxicant that elevates mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial sources of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Pace
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Health, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Tania Das Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Barrett Welch
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Roxana Khalili
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Health, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Ruben K Dagda
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
| | - Jeff Angermann
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
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Kim HS, Kim YJ, Seo YR. An Overview of Carcinogenic Heavy Metal: Molecular Toxicity Mechanism and Prevention. J Cancer Prev 2015; 20:232-40. [PMID: 26734585 PMCID: PMC4699750 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2015.20.4.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost all heavy metals are serious toxicants as carcinogens. However, due to their chemical and physiological properties, heavy metals are useful in industrial areas including alloy, smelting and production of commercial products. Such applications increase the opportunity for heavy metal exposure. Waste from industrial processes is also a major source of environmental contamination and accumulation in the human body. Arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and nickel are classified as group 1 carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, and are utilized commercially. In this review, we used molecular pathway analysis to understand the toxicity and carcinogenic mechanisms of these metals. Our analyzed data showed that above-mentioned metallic substances induce oxidative stress, DNA damage, and cell death processes, resulting in increase the risk of cancer and cancer-related diseases. Thus, we might think phytochelatin molecules and antioxidative phytochemical substances are helpful for prevention of heavy metal-induced cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Soo Kim
- Institute of Environmental Medicine for Green Chemistry, Department of Life Science, Dongguk University Biomedical Campus, Goyang, Korea
| | - Yeo Jin Kim
- Institute of Environmental Medicine for Green Chemistry, Department of Life Science, Dongguk University Biomedical Campus, Goyang, Korea
| | - Young Rok Seo
- Institute of Environmental Medicine for Green Chemistry, Department of Life Science, Dongguk University Biomedical Campus, Goyang, Korea
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31
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Dong H, Madegowda M, Nefzi A, Houghten RA, Giulianotti MA, Rosen BP. Identification of Small Molecule Inhibitors of Human As(III) S-Adenosylmethionine Methyltransferase (AS3MT). Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:2419-25. [PMID: 26577531 PMCID: PMC4688878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is the most ubiquitous environmental toxin and carcinogen. Long-term exposure to arsenic is associated with human diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Human As(III) S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) methyltransferases (hAS3MT) methylates As(III) to trivalent mono- and dimethyl species that are more toxic and potentially more carcinogenic than inorganic arsenic. Modulators of hAS3MT activity may be useful for the prevention or treatment of arsenic-related diseases. Using a newly developed high-throughput assay for hAS3MT activity, we identified 10 novel noncompetitive small molecule inhibitors. In silico docking analysis with the crystal structure of an AS3MT orthologue suggests that the inhibitors bind in a cleft between domains that is distant from either the As(III) or SAM binding sites. This suggests the presence of a possible allosteric and regulatory site in the enzyme. These inhibitors may be useful tools for future research in arsenic metabolism and are the starting-point for the development of drugs against hAS3MT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Dong
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University , Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Mahendra Madegowda
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University , Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Adel Nefzi
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies , 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987, United States
| | - Richard A Houghten
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies , 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987, United States
| | - Marc A Giulianotti
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies , 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987, United States
| | - Barry P Rosen
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University , Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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32
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Liu B, Liu J. Comprehensive Screen of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles for DNA Adsorption, Fluorescence Quenching, and Anion Discrimination. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:24833-8. [PMID: 26491955 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although DNA has been quite successful in metal cation detection, anion detectioin remains challenging because of the charge repulsion. Metal oxides represent a very important class of materials, and different oxides might interact with anions differently. In this work, a comprehensive screen of common metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) was carried out for their ability to adsorb DNA, quench fluorescence, and release adsorbed DNA in the presence of target anions. A total of 19 MONPs were studied, including Al2O3, CeO2, CoO, Co3O4, Cr2O3, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, In2O3, ITO, Mn2O3, NiO, SiO2, SnO2, a-TiO2 (anatase), r-TiO2 (rutile), WO3, Y2O3, ZnO, ZrO2. These MONPs have different DNA adsorption affinity. Some adsorb DNA without quenching the fluorescence, while others strongly quench adsorbed fluorophores. They also display different affinity toward anions probed by DNA desorption. Finally, CeO2, Fe3O4, and ZnO were used to form a sensor array to discriminate phosphate, arsenate, and arsenite from the rest using linear discriminant analysis. This study not only provides a solution for anion discrimination using DNA as a signaling molecule but also provides insights into the interface of metal oxides and DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biwu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Juewen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Liu S, Zhang L, Sun Q, Wang F, Xi S, Sun G. The distribution in tissues and urine of arsenic metabolites after subchronic exposure to dimethylarsinic acid (DMAV) in rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 164:219-25. [PMID: 25575662 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)) acted as cancer promoter promoted urinary bladder, liver, and lung carcinogenesis in rats. Understanding of the distribution of arsenicals in critical sites will aid to define the action of DMA(V)-induced toxicity and carcinogenicity. The present experiment was conducted to compare the accumulated levels of arsenicals in the liver, kidney, and bladder of both male and female rats after subchronic exposure to DMA(V). After exposure to DMA(V) in drinking water for 10 weeks, urinary DMA concentrations of 100 and 200 ppm DMA(V)-treated rats increased significantly compared with those of the control rats. Smaller amount of trimethylarsinic acid (TMA) was detected in urine, but not in liver, kidney, and bladder muscle. In the liver and kidney, the levels of DMA in DMA(V)-treated rats significantly increased compared with those of the control group, but there was no difference between 100 and 200 ppm DMA(V)-treated rats. DMA did not accumulate in bladder muscle. There was no difference for DMA concentrations between male and female rats. Our results suggest that the accumulation of DMA in the liver and kidney was saturated above 100 ppm DMA(V) treatment concentration, and DMA(V) was a little partly metabolized to TMA, and TMA was rapidly excreted into urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang City, 110013, China,
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Zhang N, Li D, Shao J, Wang X. Animal models for bladder cancer: The model establishment and evaluation (Review). Oncol Lett 2015; 9:1515-1519. [PMID: 25788992 PMCID: PMC4356294 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.2888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the most common type of tumor in the urogenital system. Approximately 75% of patients with bladder cancer present with non-muscle-invasive cancer, which is generally treated by transurethral resection and intravesical chemotherapy. In spite of different therapeutic options, there remains a very variable risk of recurrence and progression. Novel therapeutic methods of treating bladder cancer are urgently required. The exploration and preclinical evaluation of new treatments requires an animal tumor model that mimics the human counterpart. Animal models are key in bladder cancer research and provide a bridge to the clinic. Various animal bladder cancer models have been described to date, but the tumor take rate is reported to be 30-100%. Establishment of reliable, simple, practicable and reproducible animal models remains an ongoing challenge. The present review summarizes the latest developments with regard to the establishment of animal models and tumor evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China ; Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Dongyang Li
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China ; Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jialiang Shao
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China ; Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China ; Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Wang QQ, Thomas DJ, Naranmandura H. Importance of being thiomethylated: formation, fate, and effects of methylated thioarsenicals. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:281-9. [PMID: 25531277 DOI: 10.1021/tx500464t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although inorganic arsenic has long been recognized as a potent toxicant and carcinogen in humans, recent evidence shows that at least some of its effects are mediated by methylated metabolites. Elucidating the conversion of inorganic arsenic to mono-, di-, and trimethylated species has provided insights into the enzymology of this pathway and identified genetic and environmental factors that influence the susceptibility of individuals to this metalloid's adverse health effects. Notably, almost all work on the formation, fate, and effects of methylated arsenicals has focused on oxoarsenicals in which arsenic is bound to one or more oxygen atoms. However, thioarsenicals are a class of arsenicals in which a sulfur atom has replaced one or more oxygens that are bound to arsenic. Thioarsenicals have been identified as urinary metabolites in humans and other animals following exposure to inorganic arsenic. Studies find that methylated thioarsenicals exhibit kinetic behavior and toxicological properties that distinguish them from methylated oxoarsenicals. This perspective considers that formation, fate, and effects of methylated thioarsenicals with an emphasis on examining the linkages between the molecular processes that underlie both methylation and thiolation reactions. Integrating this information will provide a more comprehensive view of the relationship between the metabolism of arsenic and the risk posed by chronic exposure to this environmental contaminant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qian Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine and Public Health, ‡College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
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Islam MS, Ahmed MK, Habibullah-Al-Mamun M, Islam KN, Ibrahim M, Masunaga S. Arsenic and lead in foods: a potential threat to human health in Bangladesh. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 31:1982-92. [PMID: 25396285 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2014.974686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk of arsenic and lead to adults and children via daily dietary intake of food composites in Bangladesh was estimated. The target hazard quotients (THQs), hazard index (HI) and target carcinogenic risk (TR) were calculated to evaluate the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risk from arsenic and lead. Most of the individual food composites contain a considerable amount of arsenic and lead. The highest mean concentrations of arsenic were found in cereals (0.254 mg kg⁻¹ fw) and vegetables (0.250 mg kg⁻¹ fw), and lead in vegetables (0.714 mg kg⁻¹ fw) and fish (0.326 mg kg⁻¹ fw). The results showed the highest THQs of arsenic in cereals and lead in vegetables for both adults and children which exceeded the safe limit (> 1) indicating that cereals and vegetables are the main food items contributing to the potential health risk. The estimated TR from ingesting dietary arsenic and lead from most of the foods exceeded 10⁻⁶, indicating carcinogenic risks for all adult people of the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Saiful Islam
- a Faculty and Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences , Yokohama National University , Yokohama , Kanagawa , Japan
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Peng H, Hu B, Liu Q, Yang Z, Lu X, Huang R, Li XF, Zuidhof MJ, Le XC. Liquid chromatography combined with atomic and molecular mass spectrometry for speciation of arsenic in chicken liver. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1370:40-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Zhang A, Gao C, Han X, Wang L, Yu C, Zeng X, Chen L, Li D, Chen W. Inactivation of p15 INK4b in chronic arsenic poisoning cases. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1:692-698. [PMID: 28962283 PMCID: PMC5598098 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic exposure from burning high arsenic-containing coal has been associated with human skin lesion and cancer. However, the mechanisms of arsenic-related carcinogenesis are not fully understood. Inactivation of critical tumor suppression genes by epigenetic regulation or genetic modification might contribute to arsenic-induced carcinogenicity. This study aims to clarify the correlation between arsenic pollution and functional defect of p15INK4b gene in arsenic exposure residents from a region of Guizhou Province, China. To this end, 103 arsenic exposure residents and 105 control subjects were recruited in this study. The results showed that the exposure group exhibited higher levels of urinary and hair arsenic compared with the control group (55.28 vs 28.87 μg/L, 5.16 vs 1.36 μg/g). Subjects with higher arsenic concentrations are more likely to have p15INK4b methylation and gene deletion (χ2 = 4.28, P = 0.04 and χ2 = 4.31, P = 0.04). We also found that the degree of p15INK4b hypermethylation and gene deletion occurred at higher incidence in the poisoning cases with skin cancer (3.7% and 14.81% in non-skin cancer group, 41.18% and 47.06 in skin cancer group), and were significantly associated with the stage of skin lesions (χ2 = 12.82, P < 0.01 and χ2 = 7.835, P = 0.005). These observations indicate that inactivation of p15INK4b through genetic alteration or epigenetic modification is a common event that is associated with arsenic exposure and the development of arsenicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Chen Gao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Lifang Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Chun Yu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Xiaowen Zeng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Daochuan Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Gentry PR, Yager JW, Clewell RA, Clewell HJ. Use of mode of action data to inform a dose-response assessment for bladder cancer following exposure to inorganic arsenic. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:1196-205. [PMID: 24937311 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In the recent National Research Council report on conducting a dose-response assessment for inorganic arsenic, the committee remarked that mode of action data should be used, to the extent possible, to extrapolate below the observed range for epidemiological studies to inform the shape of the dose-response curve. Recent in vitro mode of action studies focused on understanding the development of bladder cancer following exposure to inorganic arsenic provide data to inform the dose-response curve. These in vitro data, combined with results of bladder cancer epidemiology studies, inform the dose-response curve in the low-dose region, and include values for both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variability. Integration of these data provides evidence of a range of concentrations of arsenic for which no effect on the bladder would be expected. Specifically, integration of these results suggest that arsenic exposures in the range of 7-43 ppb in drinking water are exceedingly unlikely to elicit changes leading to key events in the development of cancer or noncancer effects in bladder tissue. These findings are consistent with the lack of evidence for bladder cancer following chronic ingestion of arsenic water concentrations <100 ppb in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Gentry
- ENVIRON International Corporation, 1900 N. 18th Street, Suite 804, Monroe, LA 71201, United States.
| | - J W Yager
- ENVIRON International Corporation, 2200 Powell Street, Suite 700, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States; University of New Mexico, MSC 10 5550, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, United States
| | - R A Clewell
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, 6 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2137, United States
| | - H J Clewell
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, 6 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2137, United States
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Saint-Jacques N, Parker L, Brown P, Dummer TJB. Arsenic in drinking water and urinary tract cancers: a systematic review of 30 years of epidemiological evidence. Environ Health 2014; 13:44. [PMID: 24889821 PMCID: PMC4088919 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-13-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic in drinking water is a public health issue affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide. This review summarizes 30 years of epidemiological studies on arsenic exposure in drinking water and the risk of bladder or kidney cancer, quantifying these risks using a meta-analytical framework. METHODS Forty studies met the selection criteria. Seventeen provided point estimates of arsenic concentrations in drinking water and were used in a meta-analysis of bladder cancer incidence (7 studies) and mortality (10 studies) and kidney cancer mortality (2 studies). Risk estimates for incidence and mortality were analyzed separately using Generalized Linear Models. Predicted risks for bladder cancer incidence were estimated at 10, 50 and 150 μg/L arsenic in drinking water. Bootstrap randomizations were used to assess robustness of effect size. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies observed an association between arsenic in drinking water and bladder cancer. Ten studies showed an association with kidney cancer, although of lower magnitude than that for bladder cancer. The meta-analyses showed the predicted risks for bladder cancer incidence were 2.7 [1.2-4.1]; 4.2 [2.1-6.3] and; 5.8 [2.9-8.7] for drinking water arsenic levels of 10, 50, and 150 μg/L, respectively. Bootstrapped randomizations confirmed this increased risk, but, lowering the effect size to 1.4 [0.35-4.0], 2.3 [0.59-6.4], and 3.1 [0.80-8.9]. The latter suggests that with exposures to 50 μg/L, there was an 83% probability for elevated incidence of bladder cancer; and a 74% probability for elevated mortality. For both bladder and kidney cancers, mortality rates at 150 ug/L were about 30% greater than those at 10 μg/L. CONCLUSION Arsenic in drinking water is associated with an increased risk of bladder and kidney cancers, although at lower levels (<150 μg/L), there is uncertainty due to the increased likelihood of exposure misclassification at the lower end of the exposure curve. Meta-analyses suggest exposure to 10 μg/L of arsenic in drinking water may double the risk of bladder cancer, or at the very least, increase it by about 40%. With the large number of people exposed to these arsenic concentrations worldwide the public health consequences of arsenic in drinking water are substantial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Saint-Jacques
- Cancer Care Nova Scotia, Surveillance and Epidemiology Unit, Room 560 Bethune Building, 1276 South Street, Halifax B3H 2Y9, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Interdisciplinary PhD program, Dalhousie University, 6299 South Street, Room 314, PO Box 15000, Halifax B3H 4R2, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Louise Parker
- Department of Pediatrics and Population Cancer Research Program, Dalhousie University, 1494 Carlton Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax B3H 4R2, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Patrick Brown
- Population Studies and Surveillance, Cancer Care Ontario, 620 University Ave, Toronto M5G 2 L7 Ontario, Canada
| | - Trevor JB Dummer
- Department of Pediatrics and Population Cancer Research Program, Dalhousie University, 1494 Carlton Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax B3H 4R2, Nova Scotia, Canada
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The impact of recent advances in research on arsenic cancer risk assessment. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 69:91-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lin Z, Shengnan L, Fei W, Yingli S, Qingshan S, Wei S, Shuhua X, Guifan S. Dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V) ) changed the expressions of proliferative related factors and secretion of inflammatory cytokines in rat bladder. J Appl Toxicol 2014; 35:133-41. [PMID: 24832369 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V) ), the major urinary metabolite of inorganic arsenic, is a urinary bladder carcinogen and bladder tumor promoter in adult rats. Increased urothelial cellular proliferation has been considered as an earlier phenotype in DMA(V) -induced bladder carcinogenesis. The present study examined the ultrastructural changes of bladder epithelial cells and expressions of proliferation factors, as well as the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in rats exposed to DMA(V) for 10 weeks by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), qRT-PCR, immunohistochemical staining and ELISA methods. The results showed that DMA(V) administered in the drinking water produced urothelial cytotoxicity and ultrastructural changes in rats. PCNA, cyclin D1 and COX-2 mRNA expressions and immunoreactivities were elevated in bladder urothelium. In addition, 200 ppm DMA(V) treatment increased the transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) secretion and decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF)-α level in the urine of rats. These data suggest that chronic inflammation, bladder epithelium lesions and proliferation might be the basic process of the chronic toxicity effects in DMA(V) -treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Lin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Lab of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 92 Bei Er Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
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Medeiros M, Le TM, Troup D, Novak P, Gandolfi AJ. Expression Of Selected Pathway-Marker Genes In Human Urothelial Cells Exposed Chronically To A Non-Cytotoxic Concentration Of Monomethylarsonous Acid. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1:421-434. [PMID: 25177542 PMCID: PMC4144464 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer has been associated with chronic arsenic exposure. Monomethylarsonous acid [MMA(III)] is a metabolite of inorganic arsenic and has been shown to transform an immortalized urothelial cell line (UROtsa) at concentrations 20-fold less than arsenite. MMA(III) was used as a model arsenical to examine the mechanisms of arsenical-induced transformation of urothelium. A previous microarray analysis revealed only minor changes in gene expression at one and two months of chronic exposure to MMA(III), contrasting with substantial changes observed at three months of exposure. To address the lack of information between two and three months of exposure (the critical period of transformation), the expression of select pathway marker genes was measured by PCR array analysis on a weekly basis. Cell proliferation rate, anchorage-independent growth, and tumorigenicity in SCID mice were also assessed to determine the early, persistent phenotypic changes and their association with the changes in expression of these selected marker genes. A very similar pattern of alterations in these genes was observed when compared to the microarray results, and suggested that early perturbations in cell signaling cascades, immunological pathways, cytokine expression, and MAPK pathway are particularly important in driving malignant transformation. These results showed a strong association between the acquired phenotypic changes that occurred as early as one to two months of chronic MMA(III) exposure, and the observed gene expression pattern that is indicative of the earliest stages in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Medeiros
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Tam Minh Le
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Daniel Troup
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Petr Novak
- Biology Centre ASCR, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Ceske Budejovice, 37005, Czech Republic
| | - A. Jay Gandolfi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
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Dodmane PR, Arnold LL, Pennington KL, Cohen SM. Orally administered nicotine induces urothelial hyperplasia in rats and mice. Toxicology 2013; 315:49-54. [PMID: 24269753 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for multiple human cancers including urinary bladder carcinoma. Tobacco smoke is a complex mixture containing chemicals that are known carcinogens in humans and/or animals. Aromatic amines a major class of DNA-reactive carcinogens in cigarette smoke, are not present at sufficiently high levels to fully explain the incidence of bladder cancer in cigarette smokers. Other agents in tobacco smoke could be excreted in urine and enhance the carcinogenic process by increasing urothelial cell proliferation. Nicotine is one such major component, as it has been shown to induce cell proliferation in multiple cell types in vitro. However, in vivo evidence specifically for the urothelium is lacking. We previously showed that cigarette smoke induces increased urothelial cell proliferation in mice. In the present study, urothelial proliferative and cytotoxic effects were examined after nicotine treatment in mice and rats. Nicotine hydrogen tartrate was administered in drinking water to rats (52 ppm nicotine) and mice (514 ppm nicotine) for 4 weeks and urothelial changes were evaluated. Histopathologically, 7/10 rats and 4/10 mice showed simple hyperplasia following nicotine treatment compared to none in the controls. Rats had an increased mean BrdU labeling index compared to controls, although it was not statistically significantly elevated in either species. Scanning electron microscopic visualization of the urothelium did not reveal significant cytotoxicity. These findings suggest that oral nicotine administration induced urothelial hyperplasia (increased cell proliferation), possibly due to a mitogenic effect of nicotine and/or its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puttappa R Dodmane
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 983135 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-3135, USA.
| | - Lora L Arnold
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 983135 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-3135, USA.
| | - Karen L Pennington
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 983135 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-3135, USA.
| | - Samuel M Cohen
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 983135 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-3135, USA; Havlik-Wall Professor of Oncology.
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Meek ME, Boobis A, Cote I, Dellarco V, Fotakis G, Munn S, Seed J, Vickers C. New developments in the evolution and application of the WHO/IPCS framework on mode of action/species concordance analysis. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 34:1-18. [PMID: 24166207 PMCID: PMC6701984 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization/International Programme on Chemical Safety mode of action/human relevance framework has been updated to reflect the experience acquired in its application and extend its utility to emerging areas in toxicity testing and non-testing methods. The underlying principles have not changed, but the framework’s scope has been extended to enable integration of information at different levels of biological organization and reflect evolving experience in a much broader range of potential applications. Mode of action/species concordance analysis can also inform hypothesis-based data generation and research priorities in support of risk assessment. The modified framework is incorporated within a roadmap, with feedback loops encouraging continuous refinement of fit-for-purpose testing strategies and risk assessment. Important in this construct is consideration of dose–response relationships and species concordance analysis in weight of evidence. The modified Bradford Hill considerations have been updated and additionally articulated to reflect increasing experience in application for cases where the toxicological outcome of chemical exposure is known. The modified framework can be used as originally intended, where the toxicological effects of chemical exposure are known, or in hypothesizing effects resulting from chemical exposure, using information on putative key events in established modes of action from appropriate in vitro or in silico systems and other lines of evidence. This modified mode of action framework and accompanying roadmap and case examples are expected to contribute to improving transparency in explicitly addressing weight of evidence considerations in mode of action/species concordance analysis based on both conventional data sources and evolving methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Meek
- Chemical Risk Assessment, McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, 1 Stewart Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5
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46
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Dodmane PR, Arnold LL, Muirhead DE, Suzuki S, Yokohira M, Pennington KL, Dave BJ, Lu X, Le XC, Cohen SM. Characterization of intracellular inclusions in the urothelium of mice exposed to inorganic arsenic. Toxicol Sci 2013; 137:36-46. [PMID: 24097667 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a known human carcinogen at high exposures, increasing the incidences of urinary bladder, skin, and lung cancers. In most mammalian species, ingested iAs is excreted mainly through urine primarily as dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)). In wild-type (WT) mice, iAs, DMA(V), and dimethylarsinous acid (DMA(III)) exposures induce formation of intramitochondrial urothelial inclusions. Arsenite (iAs(III)) also induced intranuclear inclusions in arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase knockout (As3mt KO) mice. The arsenic-induced formation of inclusions in the mouse urothelium was dose and time dependent. The inclusions do not occur in iAs-treated rats and do not appear to be related to arsenic-induced urothelial cytotoxicity. Similar inclusions in exfoliated urothelial cells from humans exposed to iAs have been incorrectly identified as micronuclei. We have characterized the urothelial inclusions using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), DNA-specific 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and non-DNA-specific Giemsa staining and determined the arsenical content. The mouse inclusions stained with Giemsa but not with the DAPI stain. Analysis of urothelial mitochondrial- and nuclear-enriched fractions isolated from WT (C57BL/6) and As3mt KO mice exposed to arsenate (iAs(V)) for 4 weeks showed higher levels of iAs(V) in the treated groups. iAs(III) was the major arsenical present in the enriched nuclear fraction from iAs(V)-treated As3mt KO mice. In conclusion, the urothelial cell inclusions induced by arsenicals appear to serve as a detoxifying sequestration mechanism similar to other metals, and they do not represent micronuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puttappa R Dodmane
- * Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-3135
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Cohen SM, Arnold LL, Beck BD, Lewis AS, Eldan M. Evaluation of the carcinogenicity of inorganic arsenic. Crit Rev Toxicol 2013; 43:711-52. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2013.827152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Genome-wide identification of molecular pathways and biomarkers in response to arsenic exposure in zebrafish liver. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68737. [PMID: 23922661 PMCID: PMC3726666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic is a worldwide metalloid pollutant in environment. Although extensive studies on arsenic-induced toxicity have been conducted using in vivo and in vitro models, the exact molecular mechanism of arsenate toxicity remains elusive. Here, the RNA-SAGE (serial analysis of gene expression) sequencing technology was used to analyse hepatic response to arsenic exposure at the transcriptome level. Based on more than 12 million SAGE tags mapped to zebrafish genes, 1,444 differentially expressed genes (750 up-regulated and 694 down-regulated) were identified from a relatively abundant transcripts (>10 TPM [transcripts per million]) based on minimal two-fold change. By gene ontology analyses, these differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in several major biological processes including oxidation reduction, translation, iron ion transport, cell redox, homeostasis, etc. Accordingly, the main pathways disturbed include metabolic pathways, proteasome, oxidative phosphorylation, cancer, etc. Ingenity Pathway Analysis further revealed a network with four important upstream factors or hub genes, including Jun, Kras, APoE and Nr2f2. The network indicated apparent molecular events involved in oxidative stress, carcinogenesis, and metabolism. In order to identify potential biomarker genes for arsenic exposure, 27 out of 29 up-regulated transcripts were validated by RT-qPCR analysis in pooled RNA samples. Among these, 14 transcripts were further confirmed for up-regulation by a lower dosage of arsenic in majority of individual zebrafish. Finally, at least four of these genes, frh3 (ferrintin H3), mgst1 (microsomal glutathione S-transferase-like), cmbl (carboxymethylenebutenolidase homolog) and slc40a1 (solute carrier family 40 [iron-regulated transporter], member 1) could be confirmed in individual medaka fish similarly treated by arsenic; thus, these four genes might be robust arsenic biomarkers across species. Thus, our work represents the first comprehensive investigation of molecular mechanism of asenic toxicity and genome-wide search for potential biomarkers for arsenic exposure.
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Cytotoxicity and gene expression changes induced by inorganic and organic trivalent arsenicals in human cells. Toxicology 2013; 312:18-29. [PMID: 23876855 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a human urinary bladder, skin and lung carcinogen. iAs is metabolized to methylated arsenicals, with trivalent arsenicals more cytotoxic than pentavalent forms in vitro. In this study, cytotoxicity and gene expression changes for arsenite (iAs(III)), monomethylarsonous acid (MMA(III)) and dimethylarsinous acid (DMA(III)) were evaluated in three human cell types, urothelial (1T1), keratinocyte (HEK001) and bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells, corresponding to target organs for iAs-induced cancer. Cells were exposed to arsenicals to determine cytotoxicity and to study gene expression changes. Affymetrix chips were used to determine differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by statistical analysis. Lethal concentrations (LC50) for trivalent arsenicals in all cells ranged from 1.6 to 10μM. MMA(III) and DMA(III) had 4-12-fold greater potency compared to iAs. Increasing concentrations of iAs(III) induced more genes and additional signaling pathways in HBE cells. At equivalent cytotoxic concentrations, greater numbers of DEGs were induced in 1T1 cells compared to the other cells. Each arsenical altered slightly different signaling pathways within and between cell types, but when altered pathways from all three arsenicals were combined, they were similar between cell types. The major signaling pathways altered included NRF2-mediated stress response, interferon, p53, cell cycle regulation and lipid peroxidation. These results show a similar process qualitatively and quantitatively for all three cell types, and support a mode of action involving cytotoxicity and regenerative proliferation.
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Leffers L, Ebert F, Taleshi MS, Francesconi KA, Schwerdtle T. In vitro toxicological characterization of two arsenosugars and their metabolites. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:1270-82. [PMID: 23564523 PMCID: PMC3739928 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE In their recently published Scientific Opinion on Arsenic in Food, the European Food Safety Authority concluded that a risk assessment for arsenosugars is currently not possible, largely because of the lack of relevant toxicological data. To address this issue, we carried out a toxicological in vitro characterization of two arsenosugars and six arsenosugar metabolites. METHODS AND RESULTS The highly pure synthesized arsenosugars, DMA(V) -sugar-glycerol and DMA(V) -sugar-sulfate, investigated in this study, as well as four metabolites, oxo-dimethylarsenoacetic acid (oxo-DMAA(V) ), oxo-dimethylarsenoethanol (oxo-DMAE(V) ), thio-DMAA(V) and thio-DMAE(V) , exerted neither cytotoxicity nor genotoxicity up to 500 μM exposure in cultured human bladder cells. However, two arsenosugar metabolites, namely dimethyl-arsinic acid (DMA(V) ) and thio-dimethylarsinic acid (thio-DMA(V) ), were toxic to the cells; thio-DMA(V) was even slightly more cytotoxic than arsenite. Additionally, intestinal bioavailability of the arsenosugars was assessed applying the Caco-2 intestinal barrier model. The observed low, but significant transfer rates of the arsenosugars across the barrier model provide further evidence that arsenosugars are intestinally bioavailable. CONCLUSION In a cellular system that metabolizes arsenosugars, cellular toxicity likely arises. Thus, in strong contrast to arsenobetaine, arsenosugars cannot be categorized as nontoxic for humans and a risk to human health cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Leffers
- Graduate School of Chemistry, University of MünsterMünster, Germany
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of MünsterMünster, Germany
| | - Franziska Ebert
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of MünsterMünster, Germany
| | - Mojtaba S Taleshi
- Institute of Chemistry – Analytical Chemistry, University of GrazGraz, Austria
| | - Kevin A Francesconi
- Institute of Chemistry – Analytical Chemistry, University of GrazGraz, Austria
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of MünsterMünster, Germany
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