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Lee IT, Yang CC, Yang CM. Harnessing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonists to induce Heme Oxygenase-1: a promising approach for pulmonary inflammatory disorders. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:125. [PMID: 38360670 PMCID: PMC10868008 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01501-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ has been extensively shown to attenuate inflammatory responses in conditions such as asthma, acute lung injury, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, as demonstrated in animal studies. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying these inhibitory effects remain largely unknown. The upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been shown to confer protective effects, including antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and immunomodulatory effects in vitro and in vivo. PPARγ is highly expressed not only in adipose tissues but also in various other tissues, including the pulmonary system. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are highly selective agonists for PPARγ and are used as antihyperglycemic medications. These observations suggest that PPARγ agonists could modulate metabolism and inflammation. Several studies have indicated that PPARγ agonists may serve as potential therapeutic candidates in inflammation-related diseases by upregulating HO-1, which in turn modulates inflammatory responses. In the respiratory system, exposure to external insults triggers the expression of inflammatory molecules, such as cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, matrix metalloproteinases, and reactive oxygen species, leading to the development of pulmonary inflammatory diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated that the upregulation of HO-1 protects tissues and cells from external insults, indicating that the induction of HO-1 by PPARγ agonists could exert protective effects by inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways and attenuating the development of pulmonary inflammatory diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying TZD-induced HO-1 expression are not well understood. This review aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms through which PPARγ agonists induce the expression of HO-1 and explore how they protect against inflammatory and oxidative responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ta Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110301, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taoyuan, Taoyuan, 333008, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333323, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Mao Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 242062, Taiwan.
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2
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Ahmed BM, Mansour NO, Sallam RA, Soliman MM. Efficacy of montelukast as an adjuvant therapy in rheumatoid arthritis patients: A randomized controlled study. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110959. [PMID: 37725847 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of montelukast in conjunction with non-biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (nDMARDs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. METHODS This study was a single-center randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled study. Adult RA patients were included if they had moderate to severe disease activity and were receiving monotherapy or combination of nDMARDs. Eligible patients were randomized, in 1:1 ratio, to receive either 10 mg montelukast or placebo, once daily for 16 weeks. The primary endpoint was the change in the 28-joints disease activity score (DAS28) 16 weeks after treatment. The patients' quality of life (QoL) was assessed by the Arabic version of the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index. Moreover, serum levels of vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were measured. RESULTS A total of 87 patients completed the study; 44 in the montelukast arm and 43 in the control arm. After 16 weeks of treatment, disease activity decreased significantly in the montelukast arm with mean change in DAS28 (95% CIs) of -1.5 (-1.7, -1.2) while the control arm showed no improvement (0.2 (0.0, 0.4), p < 0.01). The QoL of the patients improved significantly from baseline in the montelukast arm (p < 0.01) but not in the control arm (p = 0.08). The median (IQR) serum levels of VCAM-1 were significantly lower in the montelukast arm (22.8 (15.0-32.7)) than in the control arm (28.9 (15.4-42.8), p = 0.004). CONCLUSION The co-administration of montelukast with nDMARDs in RA patients enhanced the anti-rheumatic effect which was reflected clinically by decreased disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma M Ahmed
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Noha O Mansour
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Rehab A Sallam
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Moetaza M Soliman
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
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3
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Teichmann E, Blessing E, Hinz B. Non-Psychoactive Phytocannabinoids Inhibit Inflammation-Related Changes of Human Coronary Artery Smooth Muscle and Endothelial Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2389. [PMID: 37830604 PMCID: PMC10571842 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is associated with vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, chronic vascular inflammation, and leukocyte adhesion. In view of the cardioprotective effects of cannabinoids described in recent years, the present study investigated the impact of the non-psychoactive phytocannabinoids cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) on proliferation and migration of human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMC) and on inflammatory markers in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC). In HCASMC, CBD and THCV at nontoxic concentrations exhibited inhibitory effects on platelet-derived growth factor-triggered proliferation (CBD) and migration (CBD, THCV). When interleukin (IL)-1β- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated HCAEC were examined, both cannabinoids showed a concentration-dependent decrease in the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), which was mediated independently of classical cannabinoid receptors and was not accompanied by a comparable inhibition of intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Further inhibitor experiments demonstrated that reactive oxygen species, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, histone deacetylase, and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) underlie IL-1β- and LPS-induced expression of VCAM-1. In this context, CBD and THCV were shown to inhibit phosphorylation of NF-κB regulators in LPS- but not IL-1β-stimulated HCAEC. Stimulation of HCAEC with IL-1β and LPS was associated with increased adhesion of monocytes, which, however, could not be significantly abolished by CBD and THCV. In summary, the results highlight the potential of the non-psychoactive cannabinoids CBD and THCV to regulate inflammation-related changes in HCASMC and HCAEC. Considering their effect on both cell types studied, further preclinical studies could address the use of CBD and THCV in drug-eluting stents for coronary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Burkhard Hinz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 70, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (E.T.); (E.B.)
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4
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Das A, Chowdhury O, Gupta P, Das N, Mitra A, Ghosh S, Ghosh S, Sarkar S, Bandyopadhyay D, Chattopadhyay S. Arsenic-induced differential inflammatory responses in mouse thymus involves NF-κB/STAT-3 disruption, Treg bias and autophagy activation. Life Sci 2023; 314:121290. [PMID: 36549349 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM Arsenic contamination in drinking water is a world-wide public health concern. Sustained arsenic ingestion leads to immune alterations and subsequent development of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases; however, the underlying cellular and molecular intricacies of immunotoxicity remains uncharacterized. We aim to understand how exposure to arsenic at different concentrations affects the immune system differentially and whether arsenic-induced differential inflammation dictates altered T-regulatory cell bias and emphasize the role of autophagy in the pathway. MAIN METHODS Swiss albino mice were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of arsenic in drinking water for 28 days. Examination of thymic cyto-architecture was done to evaluate thymic damage. ELISA was performed for key cytokines. Flow cytometry, western blotting, and immunostaining were performed for cell surface and intracellular proteins. Co-immunoprecipitation and transfection with siRNA were performed to examine the direct physical interactions between proteins. KEY FINDINGS Our study distinctly demonstrates that arsenic-induced oxidative stress instigates NF-κB activation, which not only provokes pro-inflammatory responses, but also exhibits immune-suppressive activity depending on the dose of arsenic. Co-immunoprecipitation of NF-κBp65 and pSTAT-3 reveals that arsenic alters their physical interaction, thereby suppressing IL-6/STAT-3/IL-17A feedback loop. Flow cytometry and silencing studies demonstrate that NF-κB-driven Treg cell differentiation induces immune-suppression through FoxP3 up-regulation at the highest dose of arsenic and such immune-suppression is actively supported by NF-κB-driven autophagy activation. SIGNIFICANCE Collectively, our findings reveal that exposure to arsenic differentially impacts the immune system and understanding the molecular cascade might provide direction for prevention/treatment of arsenic-induced inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Das
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Olivia Chowdhury
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Payal Gupta
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Nirmal Das
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ankan Mitra
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sourav Ghosh
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sayan Ghosh
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Swaimanti Sarkar
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Sreya Chattopadhyay
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India; Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CRNN), University of Calcutta, JD-2, Salt Lake, Sector III, Kolkata 700098, India.
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5
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Src Family Kinases: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Acute Kidney Injury. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070984. [PMID: 35883540 PMCID: PMC9312434 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Src family kinases (SFKs) are non-receptor tyrosine kinases and play a key role in regulating signal transduction. The mechanism of SFKs in various tumors has been widely studied, and there are more and more studies on its role in the kidney. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a disease with complex pathogenesis, including oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, autophagy, and apoptosis. In addition, fibrosis has a significant impact on the progression of AKI to developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). The mortality rate of this disease is very high, and there is no effective treatment drug at present. In recent years, some studies have found that SFKs, especially Src, Fyn, and Lyn, are involved in the pathogenesis of AKI. In this paper, the structure, function, and role of SFKs in AKI are discussed. SFKs play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of AKI, making them promising molecular targets for the treatment of AKI.
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6
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Kimura T, Panaroni C, Rankin EB, Purton LE, Wu JY. Loss of Parathyroid Hormone Receptor Signaling in Osteoprogenitors Is Associated With Accumulation of Multiple Hematopoietic Lineages in the Bone Marrow. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:1321-1334. [PMID: 35490308 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblasts and their progenitors play an important role in the support of hematopoiesis within the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. We have previously reported that parathyroid hormone receptor (PTH1R) signaling in osteoprogenitors is required for normal B cell precursor differentiation, and for trafficking of maturing B cells out of the BM. Cells of the osteoblast lineage have been implicated in the regulation of several other hematopoietic cell populations, but the effects of PTH1R signaling in osteoprogenitors on other maturing hematopoietic populations have not been investigated. Here we report that numbers of maturing myeloid, T cell, and erythroid populations were increased in the BM of mice lacking PTH1R in Osx-expressing osteoprogenitors (PTH1R-OsxKO mice; knockout [KO]). This increase in maturing hematopoietic populations was not associated with an increase in progenitor populations or proliferation. The spleens of PTH1R-OsxKO mice were small with decreased numbers of all hematopoietic populations, suggesting that trafficking of mature hematopoietic populations between BM and spleen is impaired in the absence of PTH1R in osteoprogenitors. RNA sequencing (RNAseq) of osteoprogenitors and their descendants in bone and BM revealed increased expression of vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), factors that are involved in trafficking of several hematopoietic populations. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaharu Kimura
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cristina Panaroni
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Erinn B Rankin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Louise E Purton
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine at St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Joy Y Wu
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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7
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Saunders RM, Biddle M, Amrani Y, Brightling CE. Stressed out - The role of oxidative stress in airway smooth muscle dysfunction in asthma and COPD. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 185:97-119. [PMID: 35472411 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The airway smooth muscle (ASM) surrounding the airways is dysfunctional in both asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), exhibiting; increased contraction, increased mass, increased inflammatory mediator release and decreased corticosteroid responsiveness. Due to this dysfunction, ASM is a key contributor to symptoms in patients that remain symptomatic despite optimal provision of currently available treatments. There is a significant body of research investigating the effects of oxidative stress/ROS on ASM behaviour, falling into the following categories; cigarette smoke and associated compounds, air pollutants, aero-allergens, asthma and COPD relevant mediators, and the anti-oxidant Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathway. However, despite a number of recent reviews addressing the role of oxidative stress/ROS in asthma and COPD, the potential contribution of oxidative stress/ROS-related ASM dysfunction to asthma and COPD pathophysiology has not been comprehensively reviewed. We provide a thorough review of studies that have used primary airway, bronchial or tracheal smooth muscle cells to investigate the role of oxidative stress/ROS in ASM dysfunction and consider how they could contribute to the pathophysiology of asthma and COPD. We summarise the current state of play with regards to clinical trials/development of agents targeting oxidative stress and associated limitations, and the adverse effects of oxidative stress on the efficacy of current therapies, with reference to ASM related studies where appropriate. We also identify limitations in the current knowledge of the role of oxidative stress/ROS in ASM dysfunction and identify areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M Saunders
- The Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | - Michael Biddle
- The Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Yassine Amrani
- The Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Christopher E Brightling
- The Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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8
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Mo ZQ, Wu HC, Hu YT, Lu ZJ, Lai XL, Chen HP, He ZC, Luo XC, Li YW, Dan XM. Transcriptomic analysis reveals innate immune mechanisms of an underlying parasite-resistant grouper hybrid (Epinephelus fuscogutatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:67-75. [PMID: 34607009 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hybridization is an artificial breeding strategy for generating potentially desirable offspring. Recently, a novel Hulong grouper hybrid (Epinephelus fuscogutatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus) yielded significant growth superiority over its parent. Improved innate immunity is considered as another desirable feature during hybridization. However, whether this Hulong grouper achieved disease resistance has not yet been revealed. In this study, we first examine the infection intensity of C. irritans in the Hulong grouper, and found that the Hulong grouper is less susceptible to C. irritans primary infection. A higher immobilization titer was found in the infected Hulong grouper at Day 2 when compared with the control grouper. Furthermore, severe hyperplasia was observed in the orange-spotted grouper, but not in the Hulong grouper's skin epidermis. To further understand the innate immune mechanism against C. irritans, we conducted a comparative transcriptome analysis of the Hulong grouper during the infection. There are 6464 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified in the skin between the control and infected Hulong grouper. This indicates that the innate immune components, such as the complement system, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, Interleukin 17 (IL-17) signaling pathway, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway were up-regulated during the infection. These results show that the C. irritans infection can induce a remarkable inflammatory response in the Hulong grouper. Moreover, a total of 75 pairs of orthologs with the ratio of nonsynonymous (Ka) to synonymous (Ks) substitutions >1, considered rapidly evolving genes (REGs), was identified between the Hulong and orange-spotted grouper. More critically, most REGs were enriched in the immune system, suggesting that rapid evolution of the immune system might occur in the Hulong grouper. These results provide a more comprehensive understanding of the innate immunity mechanism of the hybrid Hulong grouper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Quan Mo
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hui-Cheng Wu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ying-Tong Hu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zi-Jun Lu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xue-Li Lai
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hong-Ping Chen
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhi-Chang He
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Luo
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yan-Wei Li
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Xue-Ming Dan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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9
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Ding D, Mou D, Zhao L, Jiang X, Che L, Fang Z, Xu S, Lin Y, Zhuo Y, Li J, Huang C, Zou Y, Li L, Wu D, Feng B. Maternal organic selenium supplementation alleviates LPS induced inflammation, autophagy and ER stress in the thymus and spleen of offspring piglets by improving the expression of selenoproteins. Food Funct 2021; 12:11214-11228. [PMID: 34647565 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01653a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The thymus and spleen are the main reservoir for T lymphocytes, which can regulate the innate immune response and provide protection against pathogens and tissue damage. Oxidative stress, excessive inflammation, abnormal autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can all lead to dysfunction of the thymus and spleen. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of maternal 2-hydroxy-4-methylselenobutanoic acid (HMSeBA, an organic Se source) supplementation during pregnancy on the selenoprotein expression, inflammation, ER stress and autophagy of their young offspring's thymus and spleen. Thirty sows were randomly assigned to receive one of the following two diets during gestation: control diet (control, basal diet, n = 15) or HMSeBA supplemented diet (HMSeBA, basal diet +0.3 mg Se kg-1 as HMSeBA, n = 15). Tissues of thymus and spleen were collected from the offspring at birth and weaning after the lipopolysaccharide challenge. Results showed that maternal HMSeBA supplementation significantly up-regulated the gene expression of selenoproteins in the thymus and spleen of newborn piglets compared with the basal diet (p < 0.05), as well as the protein abundance of GPX1 and GPX4 (p < 0.05). In addition, maternal HMSeBA supplementation effectively decreased the expression of inflammation and autophagy related proteins in the thymus and spleen of newborn piglets as compared with the control group (p < 0.05). In weaning piglets, maternal HMSeBA significantly increased the antioxidative capacity of thymus and spleen (p < 0.05), and reversed LPS induced MDA content as compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, maternal HMSeBA supplementation during gestation reversed the activation of the MAPK/NF-κB pathway, ER stress and autophagy induced by the LPS challenge in the thymus and spleen of weaning piglets (p < 0.05). In conclusion, maternal HMSeBA supplementation during gestation could decrease the level of inflammation, autophagy and ER stress in the thymus and spleen of young offspring by improving the antioxidative capacity and selenoprotein expression in these tissues. Therefore, maternal HMSeBA supplementation during gestation might be beneficial for the immune function of their offspring by alleviating inflammation, autophagy and ER stress levels in the thymus and spleen. This study showed more evidence for the function of Se on mater-offspring integrated nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajiang Ding
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Daolin Mou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lianpeng Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jian Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Chao Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - Lixia Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - De Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
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10
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Yang CC, Yang CM. Chinese Herbs and Repurposing Old Drugs as Therapeutic Agents in the Regulation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Pulmonary Diseases. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:657-687. [PMID: 33707963 PMCID: PMC7940992 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s293135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several pro-inflammatory factors and proteins have been characterized that are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, including acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma, induced by oxidative stress, cytokines, bacterial toxins, and viruses. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as secondary messengers and are products of normal cellular metabolism. Under physiological conditions, ROS protect cells against oxidative stress through the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis, which is important for proliferation, viability, cell activation, and organ function. However, overproduction of ROS is most frequently due to excessive stimulation of either the mitochondrial electron transport chain and xanthine oxidase or reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) by pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor α. NADPH oxidase activation and ROS overproduction could further induce numerous inflammatory target proteins that are potentially mediated via Nox/ROS-related transcription factors triggered by various intracellular signaling pathways. Thus, oxidative stress is considered important in pulmonary inflammatory processes. Previous studies have demonstrated that redox signals can induce pulmonary inflammatory diseases. Thus, therapeutic strategies directly targeting oxidative stress may be effective for pulmonary inflammatory diseases. Therefore, drugs with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties may be beneficial to these diseases. Recent studies have suggested that traditional Chinese medicines, statins, and peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor agonists could modulate inflammation-related signaling processes and may be beneficial for pulmonary inflammatory diseases. In particular, several herbal medicines have attracted attention for the management of pulmonary inflammatory diseases. Therefore, we reviewed the pharmacological effects of these drugs to dissect how they induce host defense mechanisms against oxidative injury to combat pulmonary inflammation. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death can be protected via the induction of HO-1 by these drugs. The main objective of this review is to focus on Chinese herbs and old drugs to develop anti-inflammatory drugs able to induce HO-1 expression for the management of pulmonary inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chung Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Tao-Yuan, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, 33302, Taiwan.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Mao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program for Biotech Pharmaceutical Industry, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Post-Baccalaureate Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan
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11
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Han Y, Tang Y, Sun S, Kim T, Ju K, Ri S, Du X, Zhou W, Shi W, Li S, Liu G. Modulatory function of calmodulin on phagocytosis and potential regulation mechanisms in the blood clam Tegillarca granosa. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 116:103910. [PMID: 33129883 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Unlike vertebrate species, invertebrates lack antigen-antibody mediated immune response and mainly rely on haemocyte phagocytosis to fight against pathogen infection. Recently, studies conducted in model vertebrates demonstrated that the multifunctional protein calmodulin (CaM) plays an important role in regulating immune responses. However, the intrinsic relation between CaM and phagocytosis process remains poorly understood in invertebrate species such as bivalve mollusks. Therefore, in the present study, the immunomodulatory function of CaM on haemocyte phagocytosis was verified in the blood clam, Tegillarca granosa, using the CaM-specific inhibitor N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide hydrochloride (W-7). Results obtained show that CaM inhibition significantly suppressed the phagocytic activity of haemocytes. In addition, CaM inhibition constrained intracellular Ca2+ elevation, hampered actin cytoskeleton assembly, suppressed calcineurin (CaN) activity, and disrupted NF-κB activation in haemocytes upon LPS induction. Furthermore, expression of seven selected genes from the actin cytoskeleton regulation- and immune-related pathways were significantly downregulated whereas those of CaM and CaN from the Ca2+-signaling pathway were significantly upregulated by in vitro incubation of haemocytes with W-7. For the first time, the present study demonstrated that CaM play an important role in phagocytosis modulation in bivalve species. In addition, the intracellular Ca2+ and downstream Ca2+-signaling-, actin cytoskeleton regulation-, and immune-related pathways offer candidate routes through which CaM modulates phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yu Tang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Shuge Sun
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Tongchol Kim
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; College of Life Science, Kim Hyong Jik University of Education, Pyongyang, 99903, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangjin Ju
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; College of Aquaculture, Wonsan Fisheries University, Wonsan, 999093, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyok Ri
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; College of Life Science, Kim Hyong Jik University of Education, Pyongyang, 99903, Republic of Korea
| | - Xueying Du
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Weishang Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Shiguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China.
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
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MD1 Depletion Predisposes to Ventricular Arrhythmias in the Setting of Myocardial Infarction. Heart Lung Circ 2020; 30:869-881. [PMID: 33257269 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloid differentiation protein 1 (MD1) is expressed in the human heart and is a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signalling. MD1 exerts anti-arrhythmic effects. AIM The aim of this study was to determine the role of MD1 in myocardial infarction (MI)-related ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). METHOD Myocardial infarction was induced by surgical ligation of the left anterior coronary artery in MD1 knockout (KO) mice and their wild-type littermates. Myocardial infarction-induced vulnerability to VAs and its underlying mechanisms were evaluated. RESULTS Myeloid differentiation protein 1 was downregulated in the MI mice. Myeloid differentiation protein 1 deficiency decreased post-MI left ventricular (LV) function and increased the infarct size. The MI mice exhibited prolonged action potential duration (APD), enhanced APD alternans thresholds, and a higher incidence of VAs. Myocardial infarction-induced LV fibrosis and inflammation decreased the expression levels of Kv4.2, Kv4.3, Kv1.5, and Kv2.1, increased Cav1.2 expression, and disturbed Ca2+ handling protein expression. These MI-induced adverse effects were further exacerbated in KO mice. Mechanistically, MD1 deletion markedly enhanced the activation of the TLR4/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) signalling pathway in post-MI mice. CONCLUSIONS Myeloid differentiation protein 1 deletion increases the vulnerability to VAs in post-MI mice. This is mainly caused by the aggravated maladaptive LV fibrosis and inflammation and interference with the expressions of ion channels and Ca2+ handling proteins, which is related to enhanced activation of the TLR4/CaMKII signalling pathway.
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A M, Latario CJ, Pickrell LE, Higgs HN. Lysine acetylation of cytoskeletal proteins: Emergence of an actin code. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2020; 219:211455. [PMID: 33044556 PMCID: PMC7555357 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202006151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversible lysine acetylation of nuclear proteins such as histones is a long-established important regulatory mechanism for chromatin remodeling and transcription. In the cytoplasm, acetylation of a number of cytoskeletal proteins, including tubulin, cortactin, and the formin mDia2, regulates both cytoskeletal assembly and stability. More recently, acetylation of actin itself was revealed to regulate cytoplasmic actin polymerization through the formin INF2, with downstream effects on ER-to-mitochondrial calcium transfer, mitochondrial fission, and vesicle transport. This finding raises the possibility that actin acetylation, along with other post-translational modifications to actin, might constitute an "actin code," similar to the "histone code" or "tubulin code," controlling functional shifts to these central cellular proteins. Given the multiple roles of actin in nuclear functions, its modifications might also have important roles in gene expression.
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Juergens LJ, Worth H, Juergens UR. New Perspectives for Mucolytic, Anti-inflammatory and Adjunctive Therapy with 1,8-Cineole in COPD and Asthma: Review on the New Therapeutic Approach. Adv Ther 2020; 37:1737-1753. [PMID: 32200535 PMCID: PMC7467491 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-020-01279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The mucolytic monoterpene 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol), the major constituent of eucalyptus species, is well known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, bronchodilatory, antiviral and antimicrobial effects. The main protective antiviral, anti-inflammatory and mucolytic mechanisms of 1,8-cineole are the induction of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), the control of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) along with decreasing mucin genes (MUC2, MUC19). In normal human monocytes direct inhibition was shown of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated mucus hypersecretion and of steroid resistence inducing superoxides (O2·-) and pro-inflammatory hydrogen peroxides (H2O2) with partial control of superoxide dismutase (SOD), which enzymatically metabolizes O2·- into H2O2. By inhibition of NF-κB, 1,8-cineole, at relevant plasma concentrations (1.5 µg/ml), strongly and significantly inhibited in normal human monocyte lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cytokines relevant for exacerbation (tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1β and systemic inflammation (IL-6, IL-8). Infectious agents and environmental noxa have access via TNFα and IL-1β to the immune system with induction of bronchitis complaints and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and asthma-COPD overlap. In lymphocytes from healthy human donors 1,8-cineole inhibited TNFα, IL-1β, IL-4 and IL-5 and demonstrated for the first time control of Th1/2-type inflammation. 1,8-Cineole at relevant plasma levels increased additively in vitro the efficacy of inhaled guideline medications of budesonide (BUD) and budesonide + formoterol ,and preliminary data also showed increased efficacy of long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonist (LAMA)-mediated cytokine inhibition in vitro. On the basis of the preclinical data, earlier randomised controlled studies with adjunctive therapy of 1,8-cineole (3 × 200 mg/day) for 6 months showed improvement of uncontrolled asthma by significant improvement of lung function, nocturnal asthma and quality of life scores and in COPD decrease of exacerbations (- 38.5%) (during wintertime). This review reports an update with reference to the literature of 1,8-cineole, also as adjunctive therapy, as a therapeutic agent for the protection and control of inflammatory airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Joy Juergens
- Medical University of Tübingen, Medical School, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Uwe R. Juergens
- Department of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Asklepios Nordseeklinik Westerland, Norderstraße 81, 25980 Sylt, Germany
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15
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Wieczfinska J, Sitarek P, Skała E, Kowalczyk T, Pawliczak R. Inhibition of NADPH Oxidase-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species Decreases Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines in A549 Cells. Inflammation 2020; 42:2205-2214. [PMID: 31612365 PMCID: PMC6856491 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Various experimental models strongly support the hypothesis that airway inflammation can be caused by oxidative stress. Inflammatory airway diseases like asthma and COPD are characterized by higher levels of ROS and inflammatory cytokines. One of the sources of ROS is NADPH oxidase. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate influence of NADPH oxidase inhibition on the expression of IL-6, IL-8, TNF, TSLP, CD59, and PPAR-γ in vitro. A549 cells were incubated with apocynin in three concentrations (0.5 mg/ml, 1 mg/ml, and 3 mg/ml). Cells were trypsinized and RNA isolated after 1 h, 2 h, and 4 h of apocynin incubation at each concentration. Afterwards, reverse transcription was performed to evaluate mRNA expression using real-time PCR. The time-response and dose-response study showed that apocynin significantly influenced the relative expression of chosen genes (IL-6, IL-8, TNF, PPAR-γ, TSLP, and CD59). Apocynin decreased the mRNA expression of TNF-α at all concentrations used, and of IL-6 at concentrations of 1 and 3 mg/ml (p < 0.05). TSLP mRNA expression was also reduced by apocynin after 1 h and 2 h, and CD59 mRNA after 1 h, but only at the highest concentration. The expression of PPAR-γ was reduced after apocynin in the highest concentrations only (p < 0.05). The results might suggest that proinflammatory agents’ expression levels are strongly connected to the presence of oxidative stress generated by NADPH oxidase and this might be at least partially eliminated by anti-oxidative action. Apocynin, as an effective inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, seems to be useful in potential anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wieczfinska
- Department of Immunopathology, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Zeligowskiego, Bldg 2, Rm 122, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Skała
- Department of Genetics and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafal Pawliczak
- Department of Immunopathology, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Zeligowskiego, Bldg 2, Rm 122, 90-752, Lodz, Poland.
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Shuai W, Kong B, Fu H, Shen C, Huang H. Loss of MD1 increases vulnerability to ventricular arrhythmia in diet-induced obesity mice via enhanced activation of the TLR4/MyD88/CaMKII signaling pathway. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29:991-998. [PMID: 31353205 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Obesity is an important risk factor for ventricular arrhythmia (VA), and myeloid differentiation protein 1 (MD1) has been reported to decrease in obese hearts. Nevertheless, underlying mechanisms linking MD1 and VA have not been fully studied. This study aims to investigate the regulatory role of MD1 in VA caused by diet-induced obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS MD1 knock-out (KO) and wild type (WT) mice from experimental groups were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) since the age of six weeks for 20 weeks. The body weight gain, fast glucose and serum lipid levels were measured and recorded. In addition, pathological analysis, echocardiography, electrocardiography, langendorff-perfused heart and molecular analysis were performed to detect HFD-induced vulnerability to VA and its underlying mechanisms. After a 20-week HFD feeding, the mice showed an increase in body weight, glycemic, lipid levels, QTc interval, LVEDd, LVEDs and LVFS. HFD feeding also increased vulnerability to VA, as shown by the prolonged action potential duration (APD), enhanced APD alternans threshold and greater incidence of VA. Moreover, HFD feeding caused LV hypertrophy and fibrosis, and decreased the protein expressions of Kv4.2, Kv4.3, Kv1.5, Kv2.1 and Cav1.2 channels. At last, the above-mentioned HFD-induced adverse effects were further exacerbated in KO mice compared with WT mice. Mechanistically, MD1 deletion markedly enhanced the activation of TLR4/MyD88/CaMKII signaling pathway in HFD-fed mice. CONCLUSION MD1 deficiency increased HFD-induced vulnerability to VA. This is mainly caused by the aggravated maladaptive LV hypertrophy, fibrosis and decreased protein expressions of ion channels, which are induced by the enhanced activation of the TLR4/MyD88/CaMKII signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shuai
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bin Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Caijie Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Kaczmarek KA, Clifford RL, Knox AJ. Epigenetic Changes in Airway Smooth Muscle as a Driver of Airway Inflammation and Remodeling in Asthma. Chest 2018; 155:816-824. [PMID: 30414795 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2018.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic changes are heritable changes in gene expression, without changing the DNA sequence. Epigenetic processes provide a critical link between environmental insults to the airway and functional changes that determine how airway cells respond to future stimuli. There are three primary epigenetic processes: histone modifications, DNA modification, and noncoding RNAs. Airway smooth muscle has several important roles in the development and maintenance of the pathologic processes occurring in asthma, including inflammation, remodeling, and contraction/hyperresponsiveness. In this review, we describe the evidence for the role of epigenetic changes in driving these processes in airway smooth muscle cells in asthma, with a particular focus on histone modifications. We also discuss how existing therapies may target some of these changes and how epigenetic processes provide targets for the development of novel asthma therapeutics. Epigenetic marks may also provide a biomarker to assess phenotype and treatment responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia A Kaczmarek
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust (City Hospital Campus); and the Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham MRC Molecular Pathology Node
| | - Rachel L Clifford
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust (City Hospital Campus); and the Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham MRC Molecular Pathology Node
| | - Alan J Knox
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust (City Hospital Campus); and the Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham MRC Molecular Pathology Node.
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18
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Jiang Y, Zhou Y, Peng G, Tian H, Pan D, Liu L, Yang X, Li C, Li W, Chen L, Ran P, Dai A. Two-pore channels mediated receptor-operated Ca 2+ entry in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in response to hypoxia. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 97:28-35. [PMID: 29355755 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of two-pore channels mediated receptor-operated Ca2+ entry on pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) under hypoxia conditions. PASMCs were separated using the direct adherent culture method. The cultured cells were observed under optic microscope and the phenotypes of cells were identified by immunohistochemistry. The expression of NAADP was examined by ELISA. CaN, TPC1, TPC2 and NFATc3 protein levels were examined using Western blotting. Real-time PCR was utilized to detect the level of TPC1 and TPC2 mRNA. Fluorescent probe technique was used to explore the [Ca2+]i in PASMCs. Proliferation and migration of PASMCs were examined by MTT assay and Transwell, respectively. The results showed that cells displayed a typical "peak-valley" growth pattern and positive for α-actin staining. Expression of NAADP, CaN, NFATc3, TPC1 and TPC2 under PASMCs exposed to hypoxia after 24 h and 48 h were higher than control, however, cells treated with Ned-19 were significantly decreased compared with control. Levels of CaN and NFATc3 protein collected from RPASMCs transfected with TPCs siRNA were observably decreased than scrambled siRNA. Under hypoxia condition for 12 h, 24 h and 48 h, TPC1 and TPC2 mRNA levels were higher in PASMCs compared as control. The [Ca2+]i evoked by hypoxia significantly increased than normoxia group. Nevertheless, the [Ca2+]i of the groups treated with Ned-19 and transfected with TPCs siRNA were markedly lower compared with control. In conclusion, the TPCs influence on function of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells by mediated Ca2+ Signals under hypoxia condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Jiang
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410219, PR China
| | - Yumin Zhou
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Gongyong Peng
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Heshen Tian
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410219, PR China
| | - Dan Pan
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410219, PR China
| | - Lei Liu
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410219, PR China
| | - Xing Yang
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410219, PR China
| | - Chao Li
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410219, PR China
| | - Wen Li
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410219, PR China
| | - Ling Chen
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410219, PR China
| | - Pixin Ran
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China.
| | - Aiguo Dai
- Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410219, PR China; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Changsha Medical College, Changsha 410219, PR China.
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Zhong P, Quan D, Peng J, Xiong X, Liu Y, Kong B, Huang H. Role of CaMKII in free fatty acid/hyperlipidemia-induced cardiac remodeling both in vitro and in vivo. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 109:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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20
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Guo W, Saito S, Sanchez CG, Zhuang Y, Gongora Rosero RE, Shan B, Luo F, Lasky JA. TGF-β 1 stimulates HDAC4 nucleus-to-cytoplasm translocation and NADPH oxidase 4-derived reactive oxygen species in normal human lung fibroblasts. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 312:L936-L944. [PMID: 28336812 PMCID: PMC5495947 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00256.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myofibroblasts are important mediators of fibrogenesis; thus blocking fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation (FMD) may be an effective strategy to treat pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Previously, we reported that histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) activity is necessary for transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced human lung FMD. Here, we show that TGF-β1 increases NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) mRNA and protein expression in normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLFs) and causes nuclear export of HDAC4. Application of the NOX family inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium chloride reduces TGF-β1-induced HDAC4 nuclear export, expression of the myofibroblast marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and α-SMA fiber formation. Inhibition of HDAC4 nucleus-to-cytoplasm translocation using leptomycin B (LMB) had little effect on α-SMA expression but blocked α-SMA fiber formation. A coimmunoprecipitation assay showed that HDAC4 associates with α-SMA. Moreover, LMB abolishes TGF-β1-induced α-SMA fiber formation and cell contraction. Relevant to human pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic PF specimens showed significantly higher NOX4 RNA expression and scant HDAC4 staining within nuclei of fibroblast foci myofibroblasts. Taken together, these results indicate that reactive oxygen species promote TGF-β1-mediated myofibroblast differentiation and HDAC4 nuclear export. The physical association of HDAC4 with α-SMA suggests that HDAC4 has a role in regulating the α-SMA cytoskeleton arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Guo
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Shigeki Saito
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Cecilia G Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Rafael E Gongora Rosero
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Bin Shan
- College of Medical Sciences, Washington State University-Spokane, Spokane, Washington; and
| | - Fayong Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Joseph A Lasky
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana;
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Duan X, Gao S, Li J, Wu L, Zhang Y, Li W, Zhao L, Chen J, Yang S, Sun G, Li B. Acute arsenic exposure induces inflammatory responses and CD4+ T cell subpopulations differentiation in spleen and thymus with the involvement of MAPK, NF-kB, and Nrf2. Mol Immunol 2017; 81:160-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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c- Src and its role in cystic fibrosis. Eur J Cell Biol 2016; 95:401-413. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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23
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Han B, Poppinga WJ, Zuo H, Zuidhof AB, Bos IST, Smit M, Vogelaar P, Krenning G, Henning RH, Maarsingh H, Halayko AJ, van Vliet B, Stienstra S, Graaf ACVD, Meurs H, Schmidt M. The novel compound Sul-121 inhibits airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in experimental models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26928. [PMID: 27229886 PMCID: PMC4882609 DOI: 10.1038/srep26928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
COPD is characterized by persistent airflow limitation, neutrophilia and oxidative stress from endogenous and exogenous insults. Current COPD therapy involving anticholinergics, β2-adrenoceptor agonists and/or corticosteroids, do not specifically target oxidative stress, nor do they reduce chronic pulmonary inflammation and disease progression in all patients. Here, we explore the effects of Sul-121, a novel compound with anti-oxidative capacity, on hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation in experimental models of COPD. Using a guinea pig model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neutrophilia, we demonstrated that Sul-121 inhalation dose-dependently prevented LPS-induced airway neutrophilia (up to ~60%) and AHR (up to ~90%). Non-cartilaginous airways neutrophilia was inversely correlated with blood H2S, and LPS-induced attenuation of blood H2S (~60%) was prevented by Sul-121. Concomitantly, Sul-121 prevented LPS-induced production of the oxidative stress marker, malondialdehyde by ~80%. In immortalized human airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells, Sul-121 dose-dependently prevented cigarette smoke extract-induced IL-8 release parallel with inhibition of nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunit, p65 (each ~90%). Sul-121 also diminished cellular reactive oxygen species production in ASM cells, and inhibited nuclear translocation of the anti-oxidative response regulator, Nrf2. Our data show that Sul-121 effectively inhibits airway inflammation and AHR in experimental COPD models, prospectively through inhibition of oxidative stress.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Chromans/chemistry
- Chromans/pharmacology
- Complex Mixtures/antagonists & inhibitors
- Complex Mixtures/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Guinea Pigs
- Humans
- Hydrogen Sulfide/agonists
- Hydrogen Sulfide/blood
- Hypersensitivity/etiology
- Hypersensitivity/immunology
- Hypersensitivity/metabolism
- Hypersensitivity/prevention & control
- Inflammation
- Interleukin-8/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-8/genetics
- Interleukin-8/immunology
- Lipopolysaccharides/administration & dosage
- Lung
- Male
- Malondialdehyde/antagonists & inhibitors
- Malondialdehyde/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/immunology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/immunology
- Neutrophils/drug effects
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Neutrophils/pathology
- Oxidative Stress
- Piperazines/chemistry
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/immunology
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/metabolism
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology
- Reactive Oxygen Species/antagonists & inhibitors
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Tars/chemistry
- Tars/toxicity
- Transcription Factor RelA/antagonists & inhibitors
- Transcription Factor RelA/genetics
- Transcription Factor RelA/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- University of Groningen, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- GRIAC research institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wilfred J. Poppinga
- University of Groningen, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- GRIAC research institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Haoxiao Zuo
- University of Groningen, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- GRIAC research institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Annet B. Zuidhof
- University of Groningen, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - I. Sophie T. Bos
- University of Groningen, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Smit
- University of Groningen, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Guido Krenning
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept. Pathology and Medical Biology, Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Robert H. Henning
- University of Groningen, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Harm Maarsingh
- Palm Beach Atlantic University, Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Palm Beach, FL, USA
| | - Andrew J. Halayko
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Herman Meurs
- University of Groningen, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- GRIAC research institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martina Schmidt
- University of Groningen, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- GRIAC research institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
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Lin CC, Yang CC, Wang CY, Tseng HC, Pan CS, Hsiao LD, Yang CM. NADPH Oxidase/ROS-Dependent VCAM-1 Induction on TNF-α-Challenged Human Cardiac Fibroblasts Enhances Monocyte Adhesion. Front Pharmacol 2016; 6:310. [PMID: 26858641 PMCID: PMC4729888 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammation-dependent adhesion molecule expressions are characterized in cardiovascular diseases and myocardial tissue infiltrations. Several pro-inflammatory cytokines are elevated in the acute myocardial injury and infarction. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is raised in the injury tissues and inflammatory regions and involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac injury, inflammation, and apoptosis. In fibroblasts, TNF-α-triggered expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 aggravated the heart inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying TNF-α-mediated VCAM-1 expression in cardiac fibroblasts remain unclear. Here, the primary cultured human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs) were used to investigate the effects of TNF-α on VCAM-1 expression. The molecular evidence, including protein, mRNA, and promoter analyses, indicated that TNF-α-induced VCAM-1 gene expression is mediated through the TNFR-dependent manner. Activation of TNF-α/TNFR system triggered PKCα-dependent NADPH oxidase (Nox)/reactive oxygen species (ROS) signal linking to MAPK cascades, and then led to activation of the transcription factor, AP-1. Moreover, the results of mRNA and promoter assay demonstrated that c-Jun/AP-1 phosphorylated by TNF-α turns on VCAM-1 gene expression. Subsequently, up-regulated VCAM-1 on the cell surface of TNF-α-challenged HCFs increased the number of monocytes adhering to these cells. These results indicated that in HCFs, activation of AP-1 by PKCα-dependent Nox/ROS/MAPKs cascades is required for TNF-α-induced VCAM-1 expression. To clarify the mechanisms of TNF-α-induced VCAM-1 expression in HCFs may provide therapeutic strategies for heart injury and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chung Lin
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Lin-KouTao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Wang
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Tseng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Shuo Pan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Der Hsiao
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Mao Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTao-Yuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and TechnologyTao-Yuan, Taiwan
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25
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Exercise Modulates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Aging and Cardiovascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:7239639. [PMID: 26823952 PMCID: PMC4707375 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7239639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the wealth of epidemiological and experimental studies indicating the protective role of regular physical activity/exercise training against the sequels of aging and cardiovascular diseases, the molecular transducers of exercise/physical activity benefits are not fully identified but should be further investigated in more integrative and innovative approaches, as they bear the potential for transformative discoveries of novel therapeutic targets. As aging and cardiovascular diseases are associated with a chronic state of oxidative stress and inflammation mediated via complex and interconnected pathways, we will focus in this review on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of exercise, mainly exerted on adipose tissue, skeletal muscles, immune system, and cardiovascular system by modulating anti-inflammatory/proinflammatory cytokines profile, redox-sensitive transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B, activator protein-1, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, antioxidant and prooxidant enzymes, and repair proteins such as heat shock proteins, proteasome complex, oxoguanine DNA glycosylase, uracil DNA glycosylase, and telomerase. It is important to note that the effects of exercise vary depending on the type, intensity, frequency, and duration of exercise as well as on the individual's characteristics; therefore, the development of personalized exercise programs is essential.
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Yang CC, Lin CC, Chien PTY, Hsiao LD, Yang CM. Thrombin/Matrix Metalloproteinase-9-Dependent SK-N-SH Cell Migration is Mediated Through a PLC/PKC/MAPKs/NF-κB Cascade. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:5833-5846. [PMID: 26497035 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9485-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Thrombin has been known to activate inflammatory genes including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The elevated expression of MMP-9 has been observed in patients with neuroinflammatory diseases and may contribute to the pathology of brain diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying thrombin-induced MMP-9 expression in SK-N-SH cells remain unknown. The effects of thrombin on MMP-9 expression were examined in SK-N-SH cells by gelatin zymography, Western blot, real-time PCR, promoter activity assay, and cell migration assay. The detailed mechanisms were analyzed by using pharmacological inhibitors and small intefering RNA (siRNA) transfection. Here, we demonstrated that thrombin induced the expression of proform MMP-9 and migration of SK-N-SH cells, which were attenuated by pretreatment with the inhibitor of thrombin (PPACK), Gq (GPA2A), PC-PLC (D609), PI-PLC (ET-18-OCH3), nonselective protien kinase C (PKC, GF109203X), PKCα/βII (Gö6983), PKCδ (Rottlerin), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) (SB202190), JNK1/2 (SP600125), or NF-κB (Bay11-7082 or Helenalin) and transfection with siRNA of Gq, PKCα, PKCβ, PKCδ, p38, JNK1/2, IKKα, IKKβ, or p65. Moreover, thrombin-stimulated PKCα/βII, PKCδ, p38 MAPK, JNK1/2, or p65 phosphorylation was abrogated by their respective inhibitor of PPACK, GPA2A, D609, ET-18-OCH3, Gö6983, Rottlerin, SB202190, SP600125, Bay11-7082, or Helenalin. Pretreatment with these inhibitors or transfection with MMP-9 siRNA also blocked thrombin-induced SK-N-SH cell migration. Our results show that thrombin stimulates a Gq/PLC/PKCs/p38 MAPK and JNK1/2 cascade, which in turn triggers NF-κB activation and ultimately induces MMP-9 expression and cell migration in SK-N-SH cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chung Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Ageing Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Lin-Kou, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Lin
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Lin-Kou and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Peter Tzu-Yu Chien
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Ageing Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Der Hsiao
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Lin-Kou and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Mao Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Ageing Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
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Smooth muscle CaMKIIδ promotes allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. Pflugers Arch 2015; 467:2541-54. [PMID: 26089028 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-015-1713-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle (ASM) is a key target cell in allergen-induced asthma known to contribute to airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and chronic airway remodeling. Changes in ASM calcium homeostasis have been shown to contribute to AHR although the mechanisms and Ca(2+) signal effectors are incompletely understood. In the present study, we tested the function of ASM multifunctional protein kinase Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) isoforms CaMKIIδ and CaMKIIγ in allergen-induced AHR and airway remodeling in vivo. Using a murine model of atopic asthma, we demonstrate that CaMKIIδ protein is upregulated in ASM derived from ovalbumin (OVA)-treated animals compared to controls. A genetic approach to conditionally knock out smooth muscle CaMKIIδ and CaMKIIγ in separate Cre-loxp systems was validated, and using this loss-of-function approach, the function of these CaMKII isoforms was tested in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway remodeling and AHR. OVA treatment in control mice had no effect on ASM remodeling in this model of AHR, and CaMKIIδ knockouts had no independent effects on ASM content. However, at 1 day post-final OVA challenge, OVA-induced AHR was eliminated in the CaMKIIδ knockouts. OVA-induced peribronchial inflammation and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of the Th2 cytokine IL-13 were significantly decreased in the CaMKIIδ knockouts. Unexpectedly, we found increased peribronchial eosinophils in the smooth muscle CaMKIIδ knockouts compared to control animals at 1 day post-final challenge, suggesting that lack of ASM CaMKIIδ delays the progression of AHR rather than inhibiting it. Indeed, when AHR was determined at 7 days post-final OVA challenge, CaMKIIδ knockouts showed robust AHR while AHR was fully resolved in OVA-challenged control mice. These in vivo studies demonstrate a role for smooth muscle CaMKIIδ in promoting airway inflammation and AHR and suggest a complex signaling role for CaMKIIδ in regulating ASM function. These studies confirm the diverse roles of ASM cells as immune effectors that control AHR and call for further studies into CaMKIIδ-mediated signaling in ASM cells during disease.
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Kacprzak D, Pawliczak R. Does aspirin-induced oxidative stress cause asthma exacerbation? Arch Med Sci 2015; 11:494-504. [PMID: 26170841 PMCID: PMC4495142 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2014.41960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspirin-induced asthma (AIA) is a distinct clinical syndrome characterized by severe asthma exacerbations after ingestion of aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The exact pathomechanism of AIA remains unknown, though ongoing research has shed some light. Recently, more and more attention has been focused on the role of aspirin in the induction of oxidative stress, especially in cancer cell systems. However, it has not excluded the similar action of aspirin in other inflammatory disorders such as asthma. Moreover, increased levels of 8-isoprostanes, reliable biomarkers of oxidative stress in expired breath condensate in steroid-naïve patients with AIA compared to AIA patients treated with steroids and healthy volunteers, has been observed. This review is an attempt to cover aspirin-induced oxidative stress action in AIA and to suggest a possible related pathomechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kacprzak
- Department of Immunopathology, Division of Allergology, Immunology and Dermatology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafał Pawliczak
- Department of Immunopathology, Division of Allergology, Immunology and Dermatology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Lin CC, Lin WN, Hou WC, Hsiao LD, Yang CM. Endothelin-1 induces VCAM-1 expression-mediated inflammation via receptor tyrosine kinases and Elk/p300 in human tracheal smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L211-25. [PMID: 26071554 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00232.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The elevated level of endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage of patients with severe asthma, acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and sepsis. ET-1 may affect vessel tone together with lung physiology and pathology. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is one kind of adhesion molecules participating in the process of polymorphonuclear leukocyte transmigration and regulating the occurrence and amplification of tissue inflammation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying ET-1-mediated expression of VCAM-1 on human tracheal smooth muscle cells (HTSMCs) were largely unknown. Here we reported that ET-1 stimulated expression of VCAM-1 gene on HTSMCs, which was blocked by pretreatment with the inhibitors of ET receptors, Src, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), AKT, MEK1/2, and p300, suggesting the participation of these signaling components in ET-1-regulated HTSMC responses. Furthermore, transfection with small-interfering RNA (siRNA) of Src, AKT, p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), or p300 downregulated the respective proteins and significantly attenuated ET-1-induced VCAM-1 expression. ET-1 also stimulated phosphorylation of Src, EGFR, PDGFR, AKT, p42/p44 MAPK, and Elk-1 and acetylation of histone H4 on HTSMCs. Immunoprecipitation assay showed the association between Elk-1 and p300 in the nucleus. Adhesion assay revealed that the adhesion of THP-1 to HTSMCs challenged with ET-1 was increased, which was attenuated by the inhibitors of ET receptors, Src, MMPs, EGFR, PDGFR, PI3K, AKT, p42/p44 MAPK, and p300. Taken together, these data suggested that ET-1 promotes occurrence and amplification of pathology-related airway inflammation via enhancing VCAM-1 expression in an ET receptor/Src/MMP/EGFR, PDGFR/PI3K/AKT/p42/p44 MAPK/Elk-1/p300 pathway in HTSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chung Lin
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ning Lin
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; and
| | - Wei-Chen Hou
- Department of Pharmacology and Health Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Der Hsiao
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Mao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Health Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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Sanders PN, Koval OM, Jaffer OA, Prasad AM, Businga TR, Scott JA, Hayden PJ, Luczak ED, Dickey DD, Allamargot C, Olivier AK, Meyerholz DK, Robison AJ, Winder DG, Blackwell TS, Dworski R, Sammut D, Wagner BA, Buettner GR, Pope RM, Miller FJ, Dibbern ME, Haitchi HM, Mohler PJ, Howarth PH, Zabner J, Kline JN, Grumbach IM, Anderson ME. CaMKII is essential for the proasthmatic effects of oxidation. Sci Transl Med 2014; 5:195ra97. [PMID: 23884469 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3006135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to asthma, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms connecting increased ROS with characteristic features of asthma. We show that enhanced oxidative activation of the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (ox-CaMKII) in bronchial epithelium positively correlates with asthma severity and that epithelial ox-CaMKII increases in response to inhaled allergens in patients. We used mouse models of allergic airway disease induced by ovalbumin (OVA) or Aspergillus fumigatus (Asp) and found that bronchial epithelial ox-CaMKII was required to increase a ROS- and picrotoxin-sensitive Cl(-) current (ICl) and MUC5AC expression, upstream events in asthma progression. Allergen challenge increased epithelial ROS by activating NADPH oxidases. Mice lacking functional NADPH oxidases due to knockout of p47 and mice with epithelial-targeted transgenic expression of a CaMKII inhibitory peptide or wild-type mice treated with inhaled KN-93, an experimental small-molecule CaMKII antagonist, were protected against increases in ICl, MUC5AC expression, and airway hyperreactivity to inhaled methacholine. Our findings support the view that CaMKII is a ROS-responsive, pluripotent proasthmatic signal and provide proof-of-concept evidence that CaMKII is a therapeutic target in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip N Sanders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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31
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Fogli S, Stefanelli F, Neri T, Bardelli C, Amoruso A, Brunelleschi S, Celi A, Breschi MC. Montelukast prevents microparticle-induced inflammatory and functional alterations in human bronchial smooth muscle cells. Pharmacol Res 2013; 76:149-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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32
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Scott JA, Klutho PJ, El Accaoui R, Nguyen E, Venema AN, Xie L, Jiang S, Dibbern M, Scroggins S, Prasad AM, Luczak ED, Davis MK, Li W, Guan X, Backs J, Schlueter AJ, Weiss RM, Miller FJ, Anderson ME, Grumbach IM. The multifunctional Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent kinase IIδ (CaMKIIδ) regulates arteriogenesis in a mouse model of flow-mediated remodeling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71550. [PMID: 23951185 PMCID: PMC3738514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Sustained hemodynamic stress mediated by high blood flow promotes arteriogenesis, the outward remodeling of existing arteries. Here, we examined whether Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) regulates arteriogenesis. Methods and Results Ligation of the left common carotid led to an increase in vessel diameter and perimeter of internal and external elastic lamina in the contralateral, right common carotid. Deletion of CaMKIIδ (CaMKIIδ−/−) abolished this outward remodeling. Carotid ligation increased CaMKII expression and was associated with oxidative activation of CaMKII in the adventitia and endothelium. Remodeling was abrogated in a knock-in model in which oxidative activation of CaMKII is abolished. Early after ligation, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) was robustly expressed in the adventitia of right carotid arteries of WT but not CaMKIIδ−/− mice. MMP9 mainly colocalized with adventitial macrophages. In contrast, we did not observe an effect of CaMKIIδ deficiency on other proposed mediators of arteriogenesis such as expression of adhesion molecules or smooth muscle proliferation. Transplantation of WT bone marrow into CaMKIIδ−/− mice normalized flow-mediated remodeling. Conclusion CaMKIIδ is activated by oxidation under high blood flow conditions and is required for flow-mediated remodeling through a mechanism that includes increased MMP9 expression in bone marrow-derived cells invading the arterial wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A. Scott
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Paula J. Klutho
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Ramzi El Accaoui
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Emily Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Ashlee N. Venema
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Litao Xie
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Shuxia Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Megan Dibbern
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Sabrina Scroggins
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Anand M. Prasad
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Elisabeth D. Luczak
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Melissa K. Davis
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Xiaoqun Guan
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Johannes Backs
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annette J. Schlueter
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Weiss
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Francis J. Miller
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Mark E. Anderson
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Isabella M. Grumbach
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Thrombin Mediates Migration of Rat Brain Astrocytes via PLC, Ca2+, CaMKII, PKCα, and AP-1-Dependent Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 48:616-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8450-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Inflammatory signalings involved in airway and pulmonary diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:791231. [PMID: 23690670 PMCID: PMC3649692 DOI: 10.1155/2013/791231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In respiratory diseases, there is an increased expression of multiple inflammatory proteins in the respiratory tract, including cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules. Chemokines have been shown to regulate inflammation and immune cell differentiation. Moreover, many of the known inflammatory target proteins, such as matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), are associated with airway and lung inflammation in response to various stimuli. Injuriously environmental stimuli can access the lung through either the airways or the pulmonary and systemic circulations. The time course and intensity of responses by resident and circulating cells may be regulated by various inflammatory signalings, including Src family kinases (SFKs), protein kinase C (PKC), growth factor tyrosine kinase receptors, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)/reactive oxygen species (ROS), PI3K/Akt, MAPKs, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), activator protein-1 (AP-1), and other signaling molecules. These signaling molecules regulate both key inflammatory signaling transduction pathways and target proteins involved in airway and lung inflammation. Here, we discuss the mechanisms involved in the expression of inflammatory target proteins associated with the respiratory diseases. Knowledge of the mechanisms of inflammation regulation could lead to the pharmacological manipulation of anti-inflammatory drugs in the respiratory diseases.
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Lee IT, Shih RH, Lin CC, Chen JT, Yang CM. Role of TLR4/NADPH oxidase/ROS-activated p38 MAPK in VCAM-1 expression induced by lipopolysaccharide in human renal mesangial cells. Cell Commun Signal 2012; 10:33. [PMID: 23153039 PMCID: PMC3509033 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-10-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In bacteria-induced glomerulonephritis, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, a key component of the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria) can increase oxidative stress and the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), which recruits leukocytes to the glomerular mesangium. However, the mechanisms underlying VCAM-1 expression induced by LPS are still unclear in human renal mesangial cells (HRMCs). Results We demonstrated that LPS induced VCAM-1 mRNA and protein levels associated with an increase in the promoter activity of VCAM-1, determined by Western blot, RT-PCR, and promoter assay. LPS-induced responses were inhibited by transfection with siRNAs of TLR4, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), Nox2, Nox4, p47phox, c-Src, p38 MAPK, activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2), and p300 or pretreatment with the inhibitors of reactive oxygen species (ROS, edaravone), NADPH oxidase [apocynin (APO) or diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI)], c-Src (PP1), p38 MAPK (SB202190), and p300 (GR343). LPS induced NADPH oxidase activation, ROS production, and p47phox translocation from the cytosol to the membrane, which were reduced by PP1 or c-Src siRNA. We observed that LPS induced TLR4, MyD88, c-Src, and p47phox complex formation determined by co-immunoprecipitation and Western blot. We further demonstrated that LPS stimulated ATF2 and p300 phosphorylation and complex formation via a c-Src/NADPH oxidase/ROS/p38 MAPK pathway. Up-regulation of VCAM-1 led to enhancing monocyte adhesion to HRMCs challenged with LPS, which was inhibited by siRNAs of c-Src, p47phox, p38 MAPK, ATF2, and p300 or pretreatment with an anti-VCAM-1 neutralizing antibody. Conclusions In HRMCs, LPS-induced VCAM-1 expression was, at least in part, mediated through a TLR4/MyD88/ c-Src/NADPH oxidase/ROS/p38 MAPK-dependent p300 and ATF2 pathway associated with recruitment of monocyte adhesion to kidney. Blockade of these pathways may reduce monocyte adhesion via VCAM-1 suppression and attenuation of the inflammatory responses in renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ta Lee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
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Lee IT, Yang CM. Role of NADPH oxidase/ROS in pro-inflammatory mediators-induced airway and pulmonary diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:581-90. [PMID: 22587816 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are products of normal cellular metabolism and are known to act as second messengers. Under physiological conditions, ROS participate in maintenance of cellular 'redox homeostasis' in order to protect cells against oxidative stress. In addition, regulation of redox state is important for cell activation, viability, proliferation, and organ function. However, overproduction of ROS, most frequently due to excessive stimulation of either reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) by pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or the mitochondrial electron transport chain and xanthine oxidase, results in oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is a deleterious process that leads to airway and lung damage and consequently to several respiratory inflammatory diseases/injuries, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), asthma, cystic fibrosis (CF), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Many of the known inflammatory target proteins, such as matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)), are associated with NADPH oxidase activation and ROS overproduction in response to pro-inflammatory mediators. Thus, oxidative stress regulates both key inflammatory signal transduction pathways and target proteins involved in airway and lung inflammation. In this review, we discuss mechanisms of NADPH oxidase/ROS in the expression of inflammatory target proteins involved in airway and lung diseases. Knowledge of the mechanisms of ROS regulation could lead to the pharmacological manipulation of antioxidants in airway and lung inflammation and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ta Lee
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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Scott JA, Xie L, Li H, Li W, He JB, Sanders PN, Carter AB, Backs J, Anderson ME, Grumbach IM. The multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II regulates vascular smooth muscle migration through matrix metalloproteinase 9. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 302:H1953-64. [PMID: 22427508 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00978.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The multifunctional CaMKII has been implicated in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration, but little is known regarding its downstream targets that mediate migration. Here, we examined whether CaMKII regulates migration through modulation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). Using CaMKIIδ(-/-) mice as a model system, we evaluated migration and MMP9 regulation in vitro and in vivo. After ligation of the common carotid artery, CaMKII was activated in the neointima as determined by oxidation and autophosphorylation. We found that MMP9 was robustly expressed in the neointima and adventitia of carotid-ligated wild-type (WT) mice but was barely detectable in CaMKIIδ(-/-) mice. The perimeter of the external elastic lamina, a correlate of migration-related outward remodeling, was increased in WT but not in CaMKIIδ(-/-) mice. Migration induced by serum, platelet-derived growth factor, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was significantly decreased in CaMKIIδ(-/-) as compared with WT VSMCs, but migration was rescued with adenoviral overexpression of MMP9 in CaMKIIδ(-/-) VSMCs. Likewise, overexpression of CaMKIIδ in CaMKIIδ(-/-) VSMCs increased migration, whereas an oxidation-resistant mutant of CaMKIIδ did not. TNF-α strongly induced CaMKII oxidation and autophosphorylation as well as MMP9 activity, mRNA, and protein levels in WT, but not in CaMKIIδ(-/-) VSMC. Surprisingly, TNF-α strongly induced MMP9 promoter activity in WT and CaMKIIδ(-/-) VSMC. However, the MMP9 mRNA stability was significantly decreased in CaMKIIδ(-/-) VSMC. Our data demonstrate that CaMKII promotes VSMC migration through posttranscriptional regulation of MMP9 and suggest that CaMKII effects on MMP9 expression may be a therapeutic pathway in vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Scott
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Erickson JR, He BJ, Grumbach IM, Anderson ME. CaMKII in the cardiovascular system: sensing redox states. Physiol Rev 2011; 91:889-915. [PMID: 21742790 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifunctional Ca(2+)- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is now recognized to play a central role in pathological events in the cardiovascular system. CaMKII has diverse downstream targets that promote vascular disease, heart failure, and arrhythmias, so improved understanding of CaMKII signaling has the potential to lead to new therapies for cardiovascular disease. CaMKII is a multimeric serine-threonine kinase that is initially activated by binding calcified calmodulin (Ca(2+)/CaM). Under conditions of sustained exposure to elevated Ca(2+)/CaM, CaMKII transitions into a Ca(2+)/CaM-autonomous enzyme by two distinct but parallel processes. Autophosphorylation of threonine-287 in the CaMKII regulatory domain "traps" CaMKII into an open configuration even after Ca(2+)/CaM unbinding. More recently, our group identified a pair of methionines (281/282) in the CaMKII regulatory domain that undergo a partially reversible oxidation which, like autophosphorylation, prevents CaMKII from inactivating after Ca(2+)/CaM unbinding. Here we review roles of CaMKII in cardiovascular disease with an eye to understanding how CaMKII may act as a transduction signal to connect pro-oxidant conditions into specific downstream pathological effects that are relevant to rare and common forms of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Erickson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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Matsuda JJ, Filali MS, Moreland JG, Miller FJ, Lamb FS. Activation of swelling-activated chloride current by tumor necrosis factor-alpha requires ClC-3-dependent endosomal reactive oxygen production. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:22864-73. [PMID: 20479003 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.099838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ClC-3 is a Cl(-)/H(+) antiporter required for cytokine-induced intraendosomal reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by Nox1. ClC-3 current is distinct from the swelling-activated chloride current (ICl(swell)), but overexpression of ClC-3 can activate currents that resemble ICl(swell). Because H(2)O(2) activates ICl(swell) directly, we hypothesized that ClC-3-dependent, endosomal ROS production activates ICl(swell). Whole-cell perforated patch clamp methods were used to record Cl(-) currents in cultured aortic vascular smooth muscle cells from wild type (WT) and ClC-3 null mice. Under isotonic conditions, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (10 ng/ml) activated outwardly rectifying Cl(-) currents with time-dependent inactivation in WT but not ClC-3 null cells. Inhibition by tamoxifen (10 microm) and by hypertonicity (340 mosm) identified them as ICl(swell). ICl(swell) was also activated by H(2)O(2) (500 microm), and the effect of TNF-alpha was completely inhibited by polyethylene glycol-catalase. ClC-3 expression induced ICl(swell) in ClC-3 null cells in the absence of swelling or TNF-alpha, and this effect was also blocked by catalase. ICl(swell) activation by hypotonicity (240 mosm) was only partially inhibited by catalase, and the size of these currents did not differ between WT and ClC-3 null cells. Disruption of endosome trafficking with either mutant Rab5 (S34N) or Rab11 (S25N) inhibited TNF-alpha-mediated activation of ICl(swell). Thrombin also activates ROS production by Nox1 but not in endosomes. Thrombin caused H(2)O(2)-dependent activation of ICl(swell), but this effect was not ClC-3- or Rab5-dependent. Thus, activation of ICl(swell) by TNF-alpha requires ClC-3-dependent endosomal H(2)O(2) production. This demonstrates a functional link between two distinct anion currents, ClC-3 and ICl(swell).
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Matsuda
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Children's Hospital and the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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Usui T, Yamawaki H, Kamibayashi M, Okada M, Hara Y. Mechanisms Underlying the Anti-inflammatory Effects of the Ca2+/Calmodulin Antagonist CV-159 in Cultured Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2010; 113:214-23. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.10100fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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