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Sarkar D, Monzote L, Gille L, Chatterjee M. Natural endoperoxides as promising anti-leishmanials. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155640. [PMID: 38714091 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The discovery of artemisinin, an endoperoxide, encouraged the scientific community to explore endoperoxides as potential anti-parasitic molecules. Although artemisinin derivatives are rapidly evolving as potent anti-malarials, their potential as anti-leishmanials is emerging gradually. The treatment of leishmaniasis, a group of neglected tropical diseases is handicapped by lack of effective vaccines, drug toxicities and drug resistance. The weak antioxidant defense mechanism of the Leishmania parasites due to lack of catalase and a selenium dependent glutathione peroxidase system makes them vulnerable to oxidative stress, and this has been successful exploited by endoperoxides. PURPOSE The study aimed to review the available literature on the anti-leishmanial efficacy of natural endoperoxides with a view to achieve insights into their mode of actions. METHODS We reviewed more around 110 research and review articles restricted to the English language, sourced from electronic bibliographic databases including PubMed, Google, Web of Science, Google scholar etc. RESULTS: Natural endoperoxides could potentially augment the anti-leishmanial drug library, with artemisinin and ascaridole emerging as potential anti-leishmanial agents. Due to higher reactivity of the cyclic peroxide moiety, and exploiting the compromised antioxidant defense of Leishmania, endoperoxides like artemisinin and ascaridole potentiate their leishmanicidal efficacy by creating a redox imbalance. Furthermore, these molecules minimally impair oxidative phosphorylation; instead inhibit glycolytic functions, culminating in depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane and depletion of ATP. Additionally, the carbon-centered free radicals generated from endoperoxides, participate in chain reactions that can generate even more reactive organic radicals that are toxic to macromolecules, including lipids, proteins and DNA, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of Leishmania parasites. However, the precise target(s) of the toxic free radicals remains open-ended. CONCLUSION In this overview, the spectrum of natural endoperoxide molecules as major anti-leishmanials and their mechanism of action has been delineated. In view of the substantial evidence that natural endoperoxides (e.g., artemisinin, ascaridole) exert a noxious effect on different species of Leishmania, identification and characterization of other natural endoperoxides is a promising therapeutic option worthy of further pharmacological consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deblina Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (IPGME&R), Kolkata-700 020, W.B, India
| | - Lianet Monzote
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kourí", Havana 10400, Cuba
| | - Lars Gille
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mitali Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (IPGME&R), Kolkata-700 020, W.B, India.
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Drioua S, Ameggouz M, Assouguem A, Kara M, Ullah R, Bari A, Lahlali R, Fidan H, El-Guourrami O, Benkhouili FZ, Maamar Y, Benzeid H, Doukkali A. Comprehensive phytochemical and toxicological analysis of Chenopodium ambrosioides (L.) fractions. Open Life Sci 2024; 19:20220895. [PMID: 38947765 PMCID: PMC11211872 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Chenopodium ambrosioides aerial parts have been historically employed in traditional medicine for addressing various ailments such as headaches, abdominal discomfort, joint issues, and respiratory disorders, alongside treatments for lice and warts. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive phytochemical analysis of C. ambrosioides and assess the acute and subacute toxicity of oral treatments using fractions in preclinical trials. Spectrophotometric analysis via LC-MS/MS was used to characterize the plant's chemical composition. Acute toxicity evaluation followed Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development code 42 guidelines, conducted on adult male and female Wistar strain mice. Subsequently, Swiss mice were divided into six groups for the subacute toxicity study, receiving oral doses of 200 mg/kg extracts and fractions for 28 days. Daily observations and biochemical analyses were performed, with LC-MS/MS revealing a diverse array of compounds including organic acids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, rutin, hesperidin, nicotiflorine, and fumaric acid. Results indicated no lethality or alterations in body weight in treated groups, though some organ weight changes were noted. Biochemical analyses demonstrated values within the normal range for all groups, suggesting that the treatments did not induce adverse effects. Acute and subacute treatments with fractions did not result in lethality or toxic alterations at therapeutic doses, implying the safety of the product at appropriate levels. This study underscores the potential of C. ambrosioides as a safe therapeutic option warranting further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soufiane Drioua
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mouna Ameggouz
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Amine Assouguem
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, PO. box 2202 Imouzzer Street, Fez, 30000, Morocco
- Department of Plant Protection and Environment, National School of Agriculture, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Kara
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Conservation and Valorisation of Natural Resources (LBCVNR), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, BP 1796 Atlas, Fez, 30000, Morocco
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Bari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Riyadh Province 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rachid Lahlali
- Department of Plant Protection and Environment, National School of Agriculture, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Hafize Fidan
- Department of Tourism and Culinary Management, Faculty of Economics, University of Food Technologies, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Otman El-Guourrami
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fatima Zahra Benkhouili
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Yagoubi Maamar
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Clinical Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hanane Benzeid
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Anass Doukkali
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
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Santana JEG, Oliveira-Tintino CDDM, Alencar GG, Siqueira GM, Almeida-Bezerra JW, Viana Rodrigues JP, Pinheiro Gonçalves VB, Nicolete R, Tintino SR, Coutinho HDM, Silva TGD. Liposomal nanoformulations with trans-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide: do they have an inhibitory action on the efflux pumps NorA, Tet(K), MsrA, and MepA? Chem Biol Interact 2024; 393:110945. [PMID: 38460934 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and inhibitory action of NorA, Tet(K), MsrA and MepA efflux pumps in S. aureus strains using the sesquiterpenes named trans-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide, both isolated and encapsulated in liposomes. The antibacterial and inhibitory action of these efflux pumps was evaluated through the serial microdilution test in 96-well microplates. Each sesquiterpene and liposome/sesquiterpene was combined with antibiotics and ethidium bromide (EtBr). The antibiotics named norfloxacin, tetracycline and erythromycin were used. The 1199 B, IS-58, RN4220 and K2068 S. aureus strains carrying NorA, Tet(K), MsrA and MepA, respectively, were tested. In the fluorescence measurement test, K2068 S. aureus was incubated with the sesquiterpenes and EtBr, and the fluorescence emission by EtBr was measured. The tested substances did not show direct antibacterial activity, with MIC >1024 μg/mL. Nonetheless, the isolated trans-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide reduced the MIC of antibiotics and EtBr, indicating inhibition of NorA, Tet(K) and MsrA. In the fluorescence test, these same sesquiterpenes increased fluorescence emission, indicating inhibition of MepA. Therefore, the sesquiterpenes named trans-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide did not show direct antibacterial action; however, in their isolated form, they showed possible inhibitory action on NorA, Tet(K), MsrA and MepA efflux pumps. They may also act in antibiotic potentiation. Further studies are needed to identify the mechanisms involved in antibiotic potentiation and efflux pump inhibitory action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gabriel Gonçalves Alencar
- Departament of Biological Chemistry, Universidade Regional Do Cariri (URCA), Crato, 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Miguel Siqueira
- Departament of Biological Chemistry, Universidade Regional Do Cariri (URCA), Crato, 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Roberto Nicolete
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz Ceará), Eusebio, 61773-270, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Saulo Relison Tintino
- Departament of Biological Chemistry, Universidade Regional Do Cariri (URCA), Crato, 63105-010, Ceará, Brazil
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Hoca M, Becer E, Vatansever HS. Carvacrol is potential molecule for diabetes treatment. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023:1-8. [PMID: 38019023 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2023.2288537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is an important chronic disease that can lead to various negative consequences and complications. In recent years, several new alternative treatments have been developed to improve diabetes. Carvacrol found in essential oils of numerous plant species and has crucial potential effects on diabetes. The anti-diabetic effects of carvacrol have also been comprehensively studied in diabetic animal and cell models. In addition, carvacrol could improve diabetes through affecting diabetes-related enzymes, insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, glucose uptake, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. The use of carvacrol alone or in combination with anti-diabetic therapies could show a significant potential effect in the treatment of diabetes. This review contributes an overview of the effect of carvacrol in diabetes and anti-diabetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Hoca
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Near East University, Nicosia, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Eda Becer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Hafize Seda Vatansever
- DESAM Institute, Near East University, Nicosia, Mersin, Turkey
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
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Salim AA, Butler MS, Blaskovich MAT, Henderson IR, Capon RJ. Natural products as anthelmintics: safeguarding animal health. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1754-1808. [PMID: 37555325 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00019b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Covering literature to December 2022This review provides a comprehensive account of all natural products (500 compounds, including 17 semi-synthetic derivatives) described in the primary literature up to December 2022, reported to be capable of inhibiting the egg hatching, motility, larval development and/or the survival of helminths (i.e., nematodes, flukes and tapeworms). These parasitic worms infect and compromise the health and welfare, productivity and lives of commercial livestock (i.e., sheep, cattle, horses, pigs, poultry and fish), companion animals (i.e., dogs and cats) and other high value, endangered and/or exotic animals. Attention is given to chemical structures, as well as source organisms and anthelmintic properties, including the nature of bioassay target species, in vivo animal hosts, and measures of potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela A Salim
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 4072.
| | - Mark S Butler
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 4072.
| | - Mark A T Blaskovich
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 4072.
| | - Ian R Henderson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 4072.
| | - Robert J Capon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 4072.
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Kuhn Agnes KN, Boeff DD, de Oliveira Carvalho L, Konrath EL. Ethnobotanical knowledge on native Brazilian medicinal plants traditionally used as anthelmintic agents - A review. Exp Parasitol 2023; 249:108531. [PMID: 37044282 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal helminthiasis is a neglected disease that affects a significant portion of the global population, specifically in developing countries, where medicinal plants are widely used for therapeutic purposes. With the purpose to identify the native species used in traditional Brazilian medicine for the management of helminthiasis, ethnopharmacological books edited in Brazil documenting the folk use of medicinal plants were analyzed. The native species cited in at least three studies were selected, and bibliographic research was performed using electronic databases to identify their scientifically validated anthelmintic properties. The search retrieved 133 native species belonging to 88 genera and 43 families from all six Brazilian biomes. Fabaceae (14 Genera and 25 Species) and Asteraceae (7 Genera and 8 Species) were the most frequently cited families. The most reported native species were Baccharis crispa Spreng., Hymenaea courbaril L., Senna occidentalis (L.) Link, Carapa guianensis Aubl., Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) Vahl, Annona glabra L., Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart. ex Hayne, Spigelia anthelmia L., Simarouba versicolor A.St.-Hil. and Anacardium occidentale L. Bark (19%) and leaves (17%) were the most commonly used plant parts, and decoction (27%) was the most preferred method of preparation. Evidence of the anthelmintic properties of most species was confirmed using in vitro assays for key human and animal parasites, including Haemonchus contortus, Hymenolepis diminuta, Schistosoma mansoni and Trichostrongylus spp. The species S. alata, S. occidentalis, A. occidentale, and S. anthelmia have been the subject of many biological studies, supporting their use as vermicides. The overall results obtained in this review revealed that Brazil is rich in traditional herbal medicines used to manage helminthiasis; however pharmacological investigations are lacking to confirm their therapeutic properties. Thus, this study could serve as a baseline to validate their use and encourage further clinical investigation of their vermifuge potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelin Natalia Kuhn Agnes
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daiana Daniele Boeff
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia de Oliveira Carvalho
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Luis Konrath
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Ez-Zriouli R, ElYacoubi H, Imtara H, Mesfioui A, ElHessni A, Al Kamaly O, Zuhair Alshawwa S, Nasr FA, Benziane Ouaritini Z, Rochdi A. Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities and Acute Toxicity of Cedrus atlantica, Chenopodium ambrosioides and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Essential Oils. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072974. [PMID: 37049738 PMCID: PMC10096409 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The essential oils yield of Cedrus atlantica, Chenopodium ambrosioides and Eucalyptus camaldulensis was different. C. ambrosioides gave a relatively higher yield (2.1 ± 0.1%), while that of C. atlantica was low (1.0 ± 0.1%) and that of E. camaldulensis was lower (0.75 ± 0.1% of dry matter). The active ingredients of the essential oils and some of their biological effects were also determined. The characterization of their chemical compositions showed that the three essences have different chemical profiles: C. atlantica was richer in sesquiterpenes (β-Himachalene (54.21%) and γ -Himachalene (15.54%)), C. ambrosioides was very rich in monoterpene peroxides and monoterpenes (α-Terpinene (53.4%), ascaridole (17.7%) and ρ-Cymene (12.1%)) and E. camaldulensis was very rich in monoterpene compounds and monoterpenols (p-cymene (35.11%), γ-Eudesmol (11.9%), L-linalool (11.51%) and piperitone (10.28%)). The in vitro measurement of antioxidant activity by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) reduction assay showed a significant performance of the eucalyptus oil and average performance of the other two (C. atlantica and C. ambrosioides). The in vitro bio-test for their antimicrobial effects showed that the antibacterial activity differed depending on the essential oil and the concentration used, and that their bactericidal efficacy was similar or superior to that of synthetic antibiotics. The toxicity test on rats revealed that the LD50 of the three essential oils was 500 mg/kg body weight, which classifies them as category four cytotoxic natural products at high doses.
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El-Amier YA, Zaghloul NS, Abd-ElGawad AM. Bioactive Chemical Constituents of Matthiola longipetala Extract Showed Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Cytotoxic Potency. SEPARATIONS 2023; 10:53. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The exploration of bioactive compounds from natural resources attracts the attention of researchers and scientists worldwide. M. longipetala is an annual aromatic herb that emits a pleasant odor during the night. Regarding the chemical composition and biological characteristics, M. longipetala extracts are poorly studied. The current study aimed to characterize the chemical composition of M. longipetala methanol extract using GC-MS and determine its biological potencies, including its capacity for cytotoxicity and antioxidant and antibacterial activities. In this approach, 37 components were identified, representing 99.98% of the total mass. The major chemical components can be classified as oxygenated hydrocarbons (19.15%), carbohydrates (10.21%), amines (4.85%), terpenoids (12.71%), fatty acids and lipids (50.8%), and steroids (2.26%). The major identified compounds were ascaridole epoxide (monoterpene, 12.71%) and methyl (E)-octadec-11-enoate (ester of fatty acid, 12.21%). The extract of M. longipetala showed substantial antioxidant activity. Based on the DPPH and ABTS scavenging, the antioxidant activity of the extracted components of M. longipetala revealed that leaf extract is the most effective with IC50 values of 31.47 and 28.94 mg/L, respectively. On the other hand, the extracted plant showed low antibacterial activities against diverse bacterial species, viz., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, and S. aureus. The most potent antibacterial results were documented for leaf and flower extracts against E. coli and S. aureus. Additionally, the extract’s effectiveness against HepG2 cells was evaluated in vitro using the measures of MTT, DNA fragmentation, and cell proliferation cycle, where it showed considerable activity. Therefore, we can conclude that M. longipetala extract displayed improvement in cytocompatibility and cell migration properties. In conclusion, M. longipetala could be considered a potential candidate for various bioactive compounds with promising biological activities. However, further characterization of the identified compounds, particularly the major compounds, is recommended to evaluate their efficacy, modes of action, and safety.
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Javed H, Fizur NMM, Jha NK, Ashraf GM, Ojha S. Neuroprotective Potential and Underlying Pharmacological Mechanism of Carvacrol for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1421-1432. [PMID: 36567278 PMCID: PMC10324337 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666221223120251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytochemicals have antioxidant properties to counter the deleterious effects of oxidative stress in the central nervous system and can be a promising drug candidate for neurodegenerative diseases. Among various phytochemicals, constituents of spice origin have recently received special attention for neurodegenerative diseases owing to their health benefits, therapeutic potential, edible nature, and dietary accessibility and availability. Carvacrol, a phenolic monoterpenoid, has garnered attention in treating and managing various human diseases. It possesses diverse pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticancer. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are major public health concerns that place a significant financial burden on healthcare systems worldwide. The global burden of these diseases is expected to increase in the next few decades owing to increasing life expectancies. Currently, there is no cure for neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD and PD, and the available drugs only give symptomatic relief. For a long time, oxidative stress has been recognized as a primary contributor to neurodegeneration. Carvacrol enhances memory and cognition by modulating the effects of oxidative stress, inflammation, and Aβ25-35- induced neurotoxicity in AD. Moreover, it also reduces the production of reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory cytokine levels in PD, which further prevents the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and improves motor functions. This review highlights carvacrol's potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in managing and treating AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayate Javed
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nagoor Meeran Mohamed Fizur
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, 201310, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India
| | - Ghulam Md. Ashraf
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Sarkar D, De Sarkar S, Gille L, Chatterjee M. Ascaridole exerts the leishmanicidal activity by inhibiting parasite glycolysis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 103:154221. [PMID: 35696799 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global burden of leishmaniasis is exacerbated by the limited repertoire of drugs, resulting in an urgent need to develop new therapeutic alternatives. Endoperoxides like ascaridole have emerged as promising anti-parasitic candidates, and its effectiveness was established in an animal model of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). However, its impact on Leishmania donovani parasites, causative of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) remains to be established. PURPOSE This study aimed to delineate the underlying mechanisms contributing towards the leishmanicidal effect of ascaridole in terms of its impact on the cellular redox status and metabolic bioenergetics of L. donovani parasites. METHODOLOGY The anti-promastigote activity of ascaridole was established by a cell viability assay in L. donovani [MHOM/IN/1983/AG83] and anti-amastigote activity by microscopy and ddPCR (droplet digital polymerase chain reaction). The cellular redox status, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), annexin V positivity and cell cycle arrest was evaluated by flow cytometry, while cellular and mitochondrial bioenergetics was assessed using Agilent XFp Analyzer, and the levels of ATP was measured by chemiluminescence. RESULTS Ascaridole demonstrated strong anti-promastigote and anti-amastigote activities in l. donovani, IC50 (half maximal Inhibitory concentration) being 2.47 ± 0.18 µM and 2.00±0.34 µM respectively, while in J774.A1 and murine peritoneal macrophages, the CC50 (half maximal cytotoxic concentration) was 41.47 ± 4.89 µM and 37.58 ± 5.75 µM respectively. Ascaridole disrupted the redox homeostasis via an enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation and concomitant depletion of thiols. However, it failed to increase the generation of mitochondrial superoxide, which minimally impacted on mitochondrial respiration and was corroborated by energy metabolism studies. Instead, ascaridole inhibited glycolysis of promastigotes, caused a loss in MMP, which translated into ATP depletion. In promastigotes, ascaridole enhanced annexin-V positivity and caused a cell cycle arrest at sub- G0/G1 phase. CONCLUSION In summary, ascaridole displays its leishmanicidal activity possibly due to its ability to auto-generate free radicals following cleavage of its endoperoxide bridge that led to disruption of the redox homeostasis, inhibition of glycolysis and culminated in an apoptotic like cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deblina Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (IPGME&R), Kolkata, WB 700 020, India
| | - Sritama De Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (IPGME&R), Kolkata, WB 700 020, India
| | - Lars Gille
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mitali Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (IPGME&R), Kolkata, WB 700 020, India.
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Xiu Z, Zhu Y, Han J, Li Y, Yang X, Yang G, Song G, Li S, Li Y, Cheng C, Li Y, Fang J, Li X, Jin N. Caryophyllene Oxide Induces Ferritinophagy by Regulating the NCOA4/FTH1/LC3 Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:930958. [PMID: 35899120 PMCID: PMC9313605 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.930958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferritinophagy is associated with tumor occurrence, development, and therapy effects. Ferritinophagy and ferroptosis are regulated by iron metabolism and are closely connected. LC3 protein is a key protein in autophagy. Following the binding of NCOA4 to FTH1, it links to LC3Ⅱ in lysosomes, a symbol of ferritinophagy. A ferritinophagy’s inducer is likely to open new avenues for anticancer medication research and development. In this study, we discovered that caryophyllene oxide has a substantial inhibitory effect on HCCLM3 and HUH7 cells, by regulating the level of cellular oxidative stress, and the levels of autophagy and iron metabolism in HCCLM3 and HUH7 cells, leading to a ferritinophagy-related phenomenon. Furthermore, the results of T-AOC, DPPH free radical scavenging rate, and hydroxyl radical inhibition indicated that caryophyllene oxide can inhibit cell anti-oxidation. The examination of the ferritinophagy-related process revealed that caryophyllene oxide promotes the production and accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. NCOA4, FTH1, and LC3Ⅱ were found to be targeted regulators of caryophyllene oxide. Caryophyllene oxide regulated NCOA4, LC3 Ⅱ, and FTH1 to promote ferritinophagy. In vivo, we discovered that caryophyllene oxide can lower tumor volume, significantly improve NCOA4 and LC3 protein levels in tumor tissue, and raise Fe2+ and malondialdehyde levels in serum. The compound can also reduce NRF2, GPX4, HO-1, and FTH1 expression levels. The reduction in the expression levels of NRF2, GPX4, HO-1, and FTH1 by caryophyllene oxide also inhibited GSH and hydroxyl radical’s inhibitory capacities in serum, and promoted iron deposition in tumor tissue resulting in the inhibition of tumor growth. In summary, our study revealed that caryophyllene oxide mostly kills liver cancer cells through ferritinophagy-mediated ferroptosis mechanisms. In conclusion, caryophyllene oxide may be used as a ferritinophagy activator in the field of antitumor drug research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiru Xiu
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yilong Zhu
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jicheng Han
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yaru Li
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | | | - Gaojie Song
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Shanzhi Li
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Li
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yiquan Li
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yiquan Li, ; Jinbo Fang, ; Xiao Li, ; Ningyi Jin,
| | - Jinbo Fang
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yiquan Li, ; Jinbo Fang, ; Xiao Li, ; Ningyi Jin,
| | - Xiao Li
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yiquan Li, ; Jinbo Fang, ; Xiao Li, ; Ningyi Jin,
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yiquan Li, ; Jinbo Fang, ; Xiao Li, ; Ningyi Jin,
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12
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Investigation and Biological Assessment of Rumex vesicarius L. Extract: Characterization of the Chemical Components and Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic, and Anti-Dengue Vector Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103177. [PMID: 35630653 PMCID: PMC9147116 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the biological potency and chemical composition of Rumex vesicarius aboveground parts using GC-MS. In this approach, 44 components were investigated, comprising 99.99% of the total volatile compounds. The major components were classified as fatty acids and lipids (51.36%), oxygenated hydrocarbons (33.59%), amines (7.35%), carbohydrates (6.06%), steroids (1.21%), and alkaloids (0.42%). The major components were interpreted as 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl oleate (oxygenated hydrocarbons, 18.96%), ethyl 2-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylate (ester of fatty acid, 17.56%), and 2-propyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-ol (oxygenated hydrocarbons, 11.18%). The DPPH antioxidant activity of the extracted components of R. vesicarius verified that the shoot extract was the most potent with IC50 = 28.89 mg/L, with the percentages of radical scavenging activity at 74.28% ± 3.51%. The extracted plant, on the other hand, showed substantial antibacterial activity against the diverse bacterial species, namely, Salmonella typhi (23.46 ± 1.69), Bacillus cereus (22.91 ± 0.96), E. coli (21.07 ± 0.80), and Staphylococcus aureus (17.83 ± 0.67). In addition, the extracted plant was in vitro assessed as a considerable anticancer agent on HepG2 cells, in which MTT, cell proliferation cycle, and DNA fragmentation assessments were applied on culture and treated cells. The larvicidal efficacy of the extracted plant was also evaluated against Aedes aegypti, the dengue disease vector. As a result, we may infer that R. vesicarius extract increased cytocompatibility and cell migratory capabilities, and that it may be effective in mosquito control without causing harm.
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13
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Wallraff JP, Ungeheuer F, Dombrowski A, Oehlmann J, Vogel AL. Occurrence and in vitro toxicity of organic compounds in urban background PM 2.5. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 817:152779. [PMID: 35007573 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the chemical composition and in vitro toxicity of the organic fraction of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at an urban background site, which receives emissions either from Frankfurt international airport or the city centre, respectively. We analysed the chemical composition of filter extracts (PM2.5) using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a high-resolution mass spectrometer, followed by a non-target analysis. In parallel, we applied the bulk of the filter extracts to a Microtox and acetylcholinesterase-inhibition assay for in vitro toxicity testing. We find that both the chemical composition and toxicity depend on the prevailing wind directions, and the airport operating condition, respectively. The occurrence of the airport marker compounds tricresyl phosphate and pentaerythritol esters depends on the time of the day, reflecting the night flight ban as well as an airport strike event during November 2019. We compared the organic aerosol composition and toxicity from the airport wind-sector against the city centre wind-sector. We find that urban background aerosol shows a higher baseline toxicity and acetylcholinesterase inhibition compared to rural PM2.5 that is advected over the airport. Our results indicate that the concentration and individual composition of PM2.5 influence the toxicity. Suspected drivers of the acetylcholinesterase inhibition are i.e. organophosphorus esters like triphenyl phosphate and cresyldiphenyl phosphate, and the non-ionic surfactant 4-tert-octylphenol ethoxylate. However, further research is necessary to unambiguously identify harmful organic air pollutants and their sources and quantify concentration levels at which adverse effects in humans and the environment can occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas P Wallraff
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Ungeheuer
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andrea Dombrowski
- Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jörg Oehlmann
- Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexander L Vogel
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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14
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Chemical Compounds Emitted from Mentha spicata Repel Aromia bungii Females. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13030244. [PMID: 35323540 PMCID: PMC8950321 DOI: 10.3390/insects13030244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Aromia bungii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is an economically important wood-boring insect pest of stone fruit trees, particularly Prunus persica, in China. It has entered Japan and several European countries as an invasive species in recent years. It is difficult to control because of the cryptic feeding behaviour of larvae beneath the bark. Identification of repellent constituents from non-host plants has potential for use in management strategies against this beetle. Mentha spicata is cultivated extensively in Hebei Province (China) as a medicinal plant. Firstly, antennal responses of female A. bungii to M. spicata volatiles were evaluated by coupled gas chromatography-electroantennograms (GC-EAD), and then the EAD-active components were tested in semi-field trials. The results showed that A. bungii females were significantly repelled by myrcene, (S)-(+)-carvone, (E)-β-caryophyllene, and borneol compared with the control. The presence of myrcene (100 µL; 90% purity), (S)-(+)-carvone (200 µL; 96% purity), (E)-β-caryophyllene (500 µL; 98.5% purity), and borneol (800 µL; 80% purity) significantly reduced the perching rates of A. bungii females on both peach logs and leaves. Considering cost and commercial availability, we suggest that myrcene, (S)-(+)-carvone, and (E)-β-caryophyllene could be promising repellents against A. bungii females in the field.
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15
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of difluoroalkylated protoilludanes obtained by a practical radical cascade difluoroalkylation-cyclization reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide: a variety of chemical transformations and biological activities. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01865-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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17
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Hosseinzadeh L, Haghighi M, Arya M, Mojaab M, Rahimi Z, Hajialyni M, Amin N, Jalilian F. Safety assessment of hydro-ethanolic extract of Falcaria vulgaris in Wistar rats: Acute and subchronic toxicities. JOURNAL OF REPORTS IN PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.jrptps_15_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Hazim A, Bakkali F, Lhassani S, El Aidaoui K. Confusion Syndrome During COVID-19: The "Herb" That Hides the Forest? Cureus 2021; 13:e17775. [PMID: 34659986 PMCID: PMC8494487 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the case of potential Dysphania ambrosioides (Silverweed) intoxication in the context of SARS-COV-2 infection in a patient admitted for delirium with Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) of 13/15. This herb was used as an antipyretic to treat COVID-19 persistent fever. The clinical presentation of our patient raised several questions related to the viral or herbal intoxication origin of the confusion syndrome. To our knowledge, this is the first description of toxic encephalopathy after D. ambrosioides ingestionin an adult patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Hazim
- Neurology, Mohamed VI University of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Cheikh Khalifa Ibn Zayed Hospital, Casablanca, MAR
| | - Fadil Bakkali
- Toxicology Laboratory, Mohamed VI University of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Cheikh Khalifa Ibn Zayed Hospital, Casablanca, MAR
| | - Sara Lhassani
- Neurology, Mohamed VI University of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Cheikh Khalifa Ibn Zayed Hospital, Casablanca, MAR
| | - Karim El Aidaoui
- Intensive Care Unit, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Cheikh Khalifa Ibn Zayed Hospital, Casablanca, MAR
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19
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Dini I, Laneri S. Spices, Condiments, Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Aromas as Not Only Flavorings, but Precious Allies for Our Wellbeing. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:868. [PMID: 34071441 PMCID: PMC8230008 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spices, condiments and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) are crucial components of human history and nutrition. They are substances added to foods to improve flavor and taste. Many of them are used not only to flavor foods, but also in traditional medicine and cosmetics. They have antioxidant, antiviral, antibiotic, anticoagulant and antiinflammatory properties and exciting potential for preventing chronic degenerative diseases such as cardiomyopathy and cancer when used in the daily diet. Research and development in this particular field are deeply rooted as the consumer inclination towards natural products is significant. It is essential to let consumers know the beneficial effects of the daily consumption of spices, condiments and extra virgin olive oil so that they can choose them based on effects proven by scientific works and not by the mere illusion that plant products are suitable only because they are natural and not chemicals. The study begins with the definition of spices, condiments and extra virgin olive oil. It continues by describing the pathologies that can be prevented with a spicy diet and it concludes by considering the molecules responsible for the beneficial effects on human health (phytochemical) and their eventual transformation when cooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Dini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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20
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da Silva Júnior OS, Franco CDJP, de Moraes AAB, Cruz JN, da Costa KS, do Nascimento LD, Andrade EHDA. In silico analyses of toxicity of the major constituents of essential oils from two Ipomoea L. species. Toxicon 2021; 195:111-118. [PMID: 33667485 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Convolvulaceae Juss. is a family of vines and shrubs composed of species of ecological and economic importance. Ipomoea asarifolia (Desr.) Roem. & Schult. and I. setifera Poir. are ruderal and evergreen weeds that invade pastures and cause intoxication in cattle during the dry season. In the present study, the essential oils (EOs) of the leaves from I. setifera (dry season) and I. asarifolia (dry and wet seasons) were obtained by steam distillation for 3h. The chemical composition of the EOs was determined using gas chromatography coupled to gas spectrometry (CG/MS) and gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (CG-FID). To correlate the toxicity of the major chemical constituents of I. setifera and I. asarifolia EOs, we predicted the inhibition activity against the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and P-glycoprotein 1 (P-gp) using a machine learning-based (ML-based) algorithm. In silico analyses were also applied to evaluate the pharmacokinetics properties related to the penetration in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and gastrointestinal absorption. The chemical composition of the EO of I. setifera was characterized by high levels of (E)-caryophyllene (36.7%) and β-elemene (20.49%). The I. asarifolia EO showed a phytol derivative as the main chemical constituent in the dry season (35.49%), and its content was reduced in the sample collected during the wet season (10.67%). The constituent (E)-caryophyllene was also present in the leaves of I. asarifolia, but at lower levels (15.93-19.93%) when compared to the EOs of I. setifera. Our computational analyses indicated that the constituents caryophyllene oxide, cedroxyde, pentadecanal, and phytol can be related to the toxicity of these weeds. This is the first study to report the chemical composition of I. asarifolia and I. setifera EOs and correlate their molecular mechanism of toxicity using in silico approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oseias Souza da Silva Júnior
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Botânica Tropical, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi/ Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Avenida Perimetral, 1901, 66077-830, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Celeste de Jesus Pereira Franco
- Laboratório Adolpho Ducke, Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Avenida Perimetral, 1901, 66077-830, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Angelo Antonio Barbosa de Moraes
- Laboratório Adolpho Ducke, Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Avenida Perimetral, 1901, 66077-830, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Jorddy Neves Cruz
- Laboratório Adolpho Ducke, Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Avenida Perimetral, 1901, 66077-830, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Kauê Santana da Costa
- Instituto de Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Rua Vera Paz, Unidade Tapajós, 68040-255, Santarém, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Lidiane Diniz do Nascimento
- Laboratório Adolpho Ducke, Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Avenida Perimetral, 1901, 66077-830, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Helena de Aguiar Andrade
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Botânica Tropical, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi/ Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Avenida Perimetral, 1901, 66077-830, Belém, Pará, Brazil; Laboratório Adolpho Ducke, Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Avenida Perimetral, 1901, 66077-830, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
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21
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Machín L, Nápoles R, Gille L, Monzote L. Leishmania amazonensis response to artemisinin and derivatives. Parasitol Int 2020; 80:102218. [PMID: 33137506 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide presence of Leishmania parasites increases in the poorest regions. Current leishmaniasis treatments are unsatisfactory due to resistance development, side effects and cost. Herein, we describe the in vitro activity of artemisinin (ART), artemether (ATM), artesunate (ATS) and dihydroartemisinin (DHA) against Leishmania amazonensis. Selected compounds were assayed in the animal model of cutaneous leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice. On intracellular amastigotes, similar activity (p > 0.05) was observed for ART, ATM and ATS (IC50 = 15.0-19.2 μM), which were inferior (p < 0.05) respect to reference endoperoxide ascaridole (IC50 = 11.5 ± 1.0 μM) and superior (p < 0.05) compared with reference drug Glucantime® (IC50 = 30.1 ± 9.0 μM). In contrast, DHA (IC50 = 38.5 ± 4.7 μM) showed higher IC50 values (p < 0.05) than other artemisinins and ascaridole, but similar (p > 0.05) than Glucantime®; while deoxyartemisinin caused smaller inhibition (IC50 = 88.9 ± 5.2 μM). Selectivity indexes of >13, 6, 11 and 1 were obtained for ART, ATM, ATS and DHA, respectively. In addition, the potential effect of ART and ATS was also demonstrated in the murine model, causing a significant reduction (p < 0.05) of the lesion size and parasite load regarding untreated animals and treated with vehicle. Effects of both artemisinins were comparable (p > 0.05) with Glucantime® and ascaridole-treated mice. In particular, artemisinin is recommended to further studies, which could be an advantage over the ascaridole endoperoxide and could be useful in endemic areas of parasite resistance to antimonials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Machín
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy and Foods Sciences, University of Havana, Street 222, e/ 23 y 29, # 2317, La Coronela. La Lisa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Rachel Nápoles
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy and Foods Sciences, University of Havana, Street 222, e/ 23 y 29, # 2317, La Coronela. La Lisa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Lars Gille
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lianet Monzote
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kouri", Autopista Novia del Mediodía Km 6 1/2. La Lisa, Havana, Cuba.
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22
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Cogan PS. The 'entourage effect' or 'hodge-podge hashish': the questionable rebranding, marketing, and expectations of cannabis polypharmacy. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2020; 13:835-845. [PMID: 32116073 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2020.1721281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The concept of a cannabis 'entourage effect' was first coined as a hypothetical afterthought in 1998. Since then, multiple scientific reviews, lay articles, and marketing campaigns have promoted the effect as a wholly beneficial manifestation of polypharmacy expected to modulate the therapeutic effects of cannabis and its derivatives. There is reason to wonder at the authenticity of such claims. AREAS COVERED A broad definition of the entourage effect is presented, followed by brief summaries of the nature of cannabis polypharmacy and the commonly cited contributing phytochemicals, with special attention to their attendant adverse effects. A critical analysis is then offered of the primary literature that is often portrayed as suggestive of the effect in existing reviews, with further studies being drawn from PubMed and Google Scholar searches. A final discussion questions the therapeutic value of the entourage effect and offers alternate perspectives on how it might be better interpreted. EXPERT OPINION Claims of a cannabis entourage effect invoke ill-defined and unsubstantiated pharmacological activities which are commonly leveraged toward the popularization and sale of ostensible therapeutic products. Overestimation of such claims in the scientific and lay literature has fostered their misrepresentation and abuse by a poorly regulated industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Cogan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Regis University School of Pharmacy , Denver, CO, USA
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23
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Geroldinger G, Tonner M, Quirgst J, Walter M, De Sarkar S, Machín L, Monzote L, Stolze K, Catharina Duvigneau J, Staniek K, Chatterjee M, Gille L. Activation of artemisinin and heme degradation in Leishmania tarentolae promastigotes: A possible link. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 173:113737. [PMID: 31786259 PMCID: PMC7116464 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Endoperoxides (EPs) appear to be promising drug candidates against protozoal diseases, including malaria and leishmaniasis. Previous studies have shown that these drugs need an intracellular activation to exert their pharmacological potential. The efficiency of these drugs is linked to the extensive iron demand of these intracellular protozoal parasites. An essential step of the activation mechanism of these drugs is the formation of radicals in Leishmania. Iron is a known trigger for intracellular radical formation. However, the activation of EPs by low molecular iron or by heme iron may strongly depend on the structure of the EPs themselves. In this study, we focused on the activation of artemisinin (Art) in Leishmania tarentolae promastigotes (LtP) in comparison to reference compounds. Viability assays in different media in the presence of different iron sources (hemin/fetal calf serum) showed that IC50 values of Art in LtP were modulated by assay conditions, but overall were within the low micromolar range. Low temperature electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of LtP showed that Art shifted the redox state of the labile iron pool less than the EP ascaridole questioning its role as a major activator of Art in LtP. Based on the high reactivity of Art with hemin in previous biomimetic experiments, we focused on putative heme-metabolizing enzymes in Leishmania, which were so far not well described. Inhibitors of mammalian heme oxygenase (HO; tin and chromium mesoporphyrin) acted antagonistically to Art in LtP and boosted its IC50 value for several magnitudes. By inductively coupled plasma methods (ICP-OES, ICP-MS) we showed that these inhibitors do not block iron (heme) accumulation, but are taken up and act within LtP. These inhibitors blocked the conversion of hemin to bilirubin in LtP homogenates, suggesting that an HO-like enzyme activity in LtP exists. NADPH-dependent degradation of Art and hemin was highest in the small granule and microsomal fractions of LtP. Photometric measurements in the model Art/hemin demonstrated that hemin requires reduction to heme and that subsequently an Art/heme complex (λmax 474 nm) is formed. EPR spin-trapping in the system Art/hemin revealed that NADPH, ascorbate and cysteine are suitable reductants and finally activate Art to acyl-carbon centered radicals. These findings suggest that heme is a major activator of Art in LtP either via HO-like enzyme activities and/or chemical interaction of heme with Art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Geroldinger
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Tonner
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Quirgst
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Walter
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sritama De Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Laura Machín
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food, Havana University, Havana, Cuba
| | - Lianet Monzote
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kouri", Havana, Cuba
| | - Klaus Stolze
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Catharina Duvigneau
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Staniek
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mitali Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Lars Gille
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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Benelli G, Pavela R, Cianfaglione K, Sender J, Danuta U, Maślanko W, Canale A, Barboni L, Petrelli R, Zeppa L, Aguzzi C, Maggi F. Ascaridole-rich essential oil from marsh rosemary (Ledum palustre) growing in Poland exerts insecticidal activity on mosquitoes, moths and flies without serious effects on non-target organisms and human cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 138:111184. [PMID: 32061727 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Marsh rosemary (Ledum palustre, Ericaceae) has been widely used in the traditional medicine of various regions worldwide, and as insect repellent. Little is known on its essential oil insecticidal potential. This study explored the insecticidal effects of the essential oil obtained from L. palustre growing in Poland on selected insect pests and vectors. GC-MS analysis evidenced an uncommon chemotype characterized by ascaridole (35.3% as sum of cis-ascaridole and isoascaridole) and p-cymene (25.5%). The essential oil was effective against Culex quinquefasciatus, Spodoptera littoralis and Musca domestica, showing LC50/LD50 of 66.6 mg L-1, 117.2 μg larva-1 and 61.4 μg adult-1, respectively. It was not toxic to non-target Eisenia fetida earthworms and moderately toxic to Daphnia magna microcrustaceans, over the positive control α-cypermethrin. The essential oil cytotoxicity on human keratinocytes and fibroblasts showed high IC50 values (71.3 and 84.4 μg mL-1, respectively). Comet assay data highlighted no DNA damages. Based on our findings, this essential oil, characterized by the ascaridole/p-cymene chemotype, could be a candidate for the formulation of botanical insecticides; large-scale production of green insecticides by this rare species may be assured by ex situ cultivation and biotechnological techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Roman Pavela
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507, 161 06, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kevin Cianfaglione
- EA 2219 Géoarchitecture, UFR Sciences & Techniques, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, F-29200, Brest, France; School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Pontoni, 5 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Joanna Sender
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Dobrzańskiego 37, 20-262, Lublin, Poland
| | - Urban Danuta
- Institute of Soil Science and Environment Shaping, Department of Natural Foundations of Forestry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyńskiego 7, 20-069, Lublin, Poland
| | - Weronika Maślanko
- Department of Animal Ethology and Wildlife Management, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13 Street, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Angelo Canale
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luciano Barboni
- School of Sciences and Technology, University of Camerino, via Sant'Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Petrelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Sant'Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Laura Zeppa
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Sant'Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Cristina Aguzzi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Sant'Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Sant'Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
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Touiti N, Achour S, Iken I, Chebaibi M, Sqalli Houssaini T. Nephrotoxicity associated with herbal medicine use, experience from Morroco. TOXICOLOGIE ANALYTIQUE ET CLINIQUE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Rincón RA, Rodríguez D, Coy-Barrera E. Botanicals Against Tetranychus urticae Koch Under Laboratory Conditions: A Survey of Alternatives for Controlling Pest Mites. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8080272. [PMID: 31394806 PMCID: PMC6724176 DOI: 10.3390/plants8080272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tetranychus urticae Koch is a phytophagous mite capable of altering the physiological processes of plants, causing damages estimated at USD$ 4500 per hectare, corresponding to approximately 30% of the total cost of pesticides used in some important crops. Several tools are used in the management of this pest, with chemical control being the most frequently exploited. Nevertheless, the use of chemically synthesized acaricides brings a number of disadvantages, such as the development of resistance by the pest, hormolygosis, incompatibility with natural predators, phytotoxicity, environmental pollution, and risks to human health. In that sense, the continuous search for botanical pesticides arises as a complementary alternative in the control of T. urticae Koch. Although a lot of information is unknown about its mechanisms of action and composition, there are multiple experiments in lab conditions that have been performed to determine the toxic effects of botanicals on this mite. Among the most studied botanical families for this purpose are plants from the Lamiaceae, the Asteraceae, the Myrtaceae, and the Apiaceae taxons. These are particularly abundant and exhibit several results at different levels; therefore, many of them can be considered as promising elements to be included into integrated pest management for controlling T. urticae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Rincón
- Biological Control Laboratory, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia
| | - Daniel Rodríguez
- Biological Control Laboratory, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia.
| | - Ericsson Coy-Barrera
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia.
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Touiti N, Houssaini TS, Iken I, Benslimane A, Achour S. Prevalence of herbal medicine use among patients with kidney disease: A cross-sectional study from Morocco. Nephrol Ther 2019; 16:43-49. [PMID: 31383617 DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of herbal medicine use by patients hospitalized or consultant in the nephrology department of University Hospital center Hassan II Fez, the reasons of this use, to identify socio-demographic characteristics, and the etiology of kidney disease related to herbal medicine use, also the most used plants. METHOD Cross-sectional study on the use of herbal medicine conducted at the nephrology department of University Hospital Center Hassan II Fez, Morocco. During 6 months between August 2015 and February 2016. Patients older than 15 years (n=471) with varying degrees of kidney disease were included. The questionnaire contained questions related to socio-demographic data, the use of plants, knowledge about herbal medicine toxicity, and etiology of KD. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze socio-demographic characteristics related to herbal medicine use. RESULTS A total of 471 patients responded; the prevalence of herbal medicine use was 50.7%. Herbal medicine users were more likely to be males (OR 0.43; 95%CI 0.25-0.74); unemployed (OR 0.51; 95%CI 0.29-0.89), with unknown etiology (OR 0.43; 95%CI 0.22-0.84). Reasons of use were: belief in its efficacy (74%), easy access to medicinal herbal medicine (70%), and lower cost (48%). The most commonly used herbal medicine were Rosmarinus officinalis L.; Origanum compactum Benth; Artemisia herba-alba Asso and Mentha pulegium L. Potentially harmful herbal medicine included Aristolochia longa. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of herbal medicine use is high among patients with kidney disease in nephrology department.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noufissa Touiti
- Research team toxicology and environmental health, center of biomedical and translational research, university hospital center Hassan II, road Sidi Harazem, Shore Park street, 30070 Fez, Morocco; Faculty of science and technology of Fez, university Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, BP 2202, Imouzzer road, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Tarik Sqalli Houssaini
- Research team kidney, laboratory of molecular bases in human pathology and therapeutic tools, university hospital center Hassan II, road Sidi Harazem, Shore Park street, 30070 Fez, Morocco
| | - Imane Iken
- Research team toxicology and environmental health, center of biomedical and translational research, university hospital center Hassan II, road Sidi Harazem, Shore Park street, 30070 Fez, Morocco; Laboratory of toxicology, university hospital center Hassan II, road Sidi Harazem, Shore Park street, 30070 Fez, Morocco; Faculty of medicine and pharmacy of Fez, BP 1893, KM 2.200, road Sidi Harazem, Shore Park street, 30070 Fez, Morocco
| | - Abdelilah Benslimane
- Department of epidemiology clinical research and public health, medical school of Fez, Faculty of medicine and pharmacy of Fez, BP 1893, KM 2.200, road Sidi Harazem, Fez, Morocco
| | - Sanae Achour
- Research team toxicology and environmental health, center of biomedical and translational research, university hospital center Hassan II, road Sidi Harazem, Shore Park street, 30070 Fez, Morocco; Laboratory of toxicology, university hospital center Hassan II, road Sidi Harazem, Shore Park street, 30070 Fez, Morocco; Faculty of medicine and pharmacy of Fez, BP 1893, KM 2.200, road Sidi Harazem, Shore Park street, 30070 Fez, Morocco
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Cassels BK, Fuentes-Barros G, Castro-Saavedra S. Boldo, Its Secondary Metabolites and their Derivatives. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083804666181113112928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Boldo leaves (Boldo folium, from Peumus boldus Mol.) are very frequently used as a medicinal herb in Chile and are exported to many countries to be used in teas or as extracts included in herbal remedies, primarily as an aid to digestion and as a mild sedative. Scientific support for these uses is scanty, and boldine, an alkaloid viewed as characteristic of the tree and present in high concentration in the bark, is extracted by specialized companies and sold as the supposed main active constituent. Consequently, boldine has been the subject of a considerable number of research papers, while some of the other alkaloids present to a greater extent in the leaves have been relatively neglected except when found in large amounts in other species. These studies range from assays of antioxidant activity to anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic and other medical applications. The essential oil, usually containing a large percentage of the toxic ascaridole, was once used as a vermifuge and is now regarded with caution, but is still of interest as a possible natural insecticide, fungicide, antiparasitic and herbicide. The last decade has seen an explosive increase in papers pointing to possible uses of boldo and its constituents. This review attempts to bring these publications together in a comprehensive way with the purpose of stimulating and orienting further research into the useful properties of this Chilean endemic tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce K. Cassels
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Sahli F, Sousa MSE, Vileno B, Lichter J, Lepoittevin JP, Blömeke B, Giménez-Arnau E. Understanding the skin sensitization capacity of ascaridole: a combined study of chemical reactivity and activation of the innate immune system (dendritic cells) in the epidermal environment. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:1337-1347. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02444-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Mannino G, Abdi G, Maffei ME, Barbero F. Origanum vulgare terpenoids modulate Myrmica scabrinodis brain biogenic amines and ant behaviour. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209047. [PMID: 30586439 PMCID: PMC6306168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordinated social behaviour is fundamental for ant ecological success. However, even distantly-related organisms, such as plants, have evolved the ability to manipulate ant collective performances to their own advantage. In the parasitic system encompassing Maculinea butterflies, Myrmica ants, and Origanum vulgare plants, the ant-plant interaction elicits the release of a volatile terpenoid compound (carvacrol) which is used by the gravid butterfly to locate the ideal oviposition site. Here we show that this ant-plant association is maintained by the effect of O. vulgare terpenoids on ant behaviour and that food plants might gain protection by Myrmica ants by chemically manipulating workers to forage in their surroundings. The variation in the locomotor ability of three ant species (Formica cinerea, Tetramorium caespitum, and Myrmica scabrinodis) was studied after treatment with the two major O. vulgare terpenoid volatile compounds (i.e., carvacrol and thymol). The brain levels of three biogenic amines (dopamine, tyramine and serotonin) were analysed in ants exposed to the O. vulgare terpenoids by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Carvacrol and thymol increased the locomotor activity of all ant species tested, but if blended reduced the movement propensity of Myrmica scabrinodis. Dopamine and tyramine production was positively correlated with the worker locomotor activity. In Myrmica ants, both brain biogenic ammines were negatively correlated with the aggressive behaviour. Blends of O. vulgare volatiles affected the locomotor ability while increased the aggressiveness of Myrmica workers by altering the aminergic regulation in the ant brains. This behavioural manipulation, might enhance partner fidelity and plant protection. Our findings provide new insights supporting a direct role of plant volatiles in driving behavioural changes in social insects through biogenic amine modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mannino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Innovation Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gholamreza Abdi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Innovation Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Emilio Maffei
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Innovation Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Barbero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Innovation Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Taghavi T, Kim C, Rahemi A. Role of Natural Volatiles and Essential Oils in Extending Shelf Life and Controlling Postharvest Microorganisms of Small Fruits. Microorganisms 2018; 6:E104. [PMID: 30301143 PMCID: PMC6313609 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6040104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Small fruits are a multi-billion dollar industry in the US, and are economically important in many other countries. However, they are perishable and susceptible to physiological disorders and biological damage. Food safety and fruit quality are the major concerns of the food chain from farm to consumer, especially with increasing regulations in recent years. At present, the industry depends on pesticides and fungicides to control food spoilage organisms. However, due to consumer concerns and increasing demand for safer produce, efforts are being made to identify eco-friendly compounds that can extend the shelf life of small fruits. Most volatiles and essential oils produced by plants are safe for humans and the environment, and lots of research has been conducted to test the in vitro efficacy of single-compound volatiles or multi-compound essential oils on various microorganisms. However, there are not many reports on their in vivo (in storage) and In situ (in the field) applications. In this review, we discuss the efficacy, minimum inhibitory concentrations, and mechanisms of action of volatiles and essential oils that control microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) on small fruits such as strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, blackberries, and grapes under the three conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toktam Taghavi
- Agricultural Research Station, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA.
| | - Chyer Kim
- Agricultural Research Station, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA.
| | - Alireza Rahemi
- Agricultural Research Station, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA.
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Kharchoufa L, Merrouni IA, Yamani A, Elachouri M. Profile on medicinal plants used by the people of North Eastern Morocco: Toxicity concerns. Toxicon 2018; 154:90-113. [PMID: 30243516 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the North Eastern region of Morocco, many people are interested in medicinal plants and their uses. However, the rationale for the utilization of medicinal plants has remained largely underestimated with little or no scientific data on plant safety. In this paper we attempt to describe and establish a detailed list of current knowledge in relation to the toxicity of these plants and to evaluate the scientific data concerning the harmful effects of the selected natural products. Our approach consists of collecting published data from literature in specialized journals, books and website related to the toxic plants. This research revealed that 89 plant species, retrieved from 287 plants used as medicine in the North-Eastern region of Morocco, are considered toxic or present some kind of toxicity. Our data determines 55 compounds isolated from the plants which are dominated by five groups of toxic compounds: alkaloids followed by glucosides, terpenoids, protides and phenolics. The present work discusses toxicity-related issues arising from the use of medicinal plants by local people. We conclude that the database considered in this study could serve as an important source of information on the toxicity of medicinal plants used by this society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loubna Kharchoufa
- Laboratoire de Physiologie, Génétique et Ethnopharmacologie URAC-40, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Ilyass Alami Merrouni
- Laboratoire de Physiologie, Génétique et Ethnopharmacologie URAC-40, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Amal Yamani
- Laboratoire de Physiologie, Génétique et Ethnopharmacologie URAC-40, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Mostafa Elachouri
- Laboratoire de Physiologie, Génétique et Ethnopharmacologie URAC-40, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco.
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Ngamprasertsith S, Menwa J, Sawangkeaw R. Caryophyllene oxide extraction from lemon basil (Ocimum citriodorum Vis.) straw by hydrodistillation and supercritical CO2. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Activation of Anthracene Endoperoxides in Leishmania and Impairment of Mitochondrial Functions. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071680. [PMID: 29996524 PMCID: PMC6100073 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by protozoal Leishmania. Because of resistance development against current drugs, new antileishmanial compounds are urgently needed. Endoperoxides (EPs) are successfully used in malaria therapy, and experimental evidence of their potential against leishmaniasis exists. Anthracene endoperoxides (AcEPs) have so far been only technically used and not explored for their leishmanicidal potential. This study verified the in vitro efficiency and mechanism of AcEPs against both Leishmania promastigotes and axenic amastigotes (L. tarentolae and L. donovani) as well as their toxicity in J774 macrophages. Additionally, the kinetics and radical products of AcEPs’ reaction with iron, the formation of radicals by AcEPs in Leishmania, as well as the resulting impairment of parasite mitochondrial functions were studied. Using electron paramagnetic resonance combined with spin trapping, photometry, and fluorescence-based oximetry, AcEPs were demonstrated to (i) show antileishmanial activity in vitro at IC50 values in a low micromolar range, (ii) exhibit host cell toxicity in J774 macrophages, (iii) react rapidly with iron (II) resulting in the formation of oxygen- and carbon-centered radicals, (iv) produce carbon-centered radicals which could secondarily trigger superoxide radical formation in Leishmania, and (v) impair mitochondrial functions in Leishmania during parasite killing. Overall, the data of different AcEPs demonstrate that their structures besides the peroxo bridge strongly influence their activity and mechanism of their antileishmanial action.
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Marchese A, Arciola CR, Coppo E, Barbieri R, Barreca D, Chebaibi S, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Nabavi SF, Nabavi SM, Daglia M. The natural plant compound carvacrol as an antimicrobial and anti-biofilm agent: mechanisms, synergies and bio-inspired anti-infective materials. BIOFOULING 2018; 34:630-656. [PMID: 30067078 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2018.1480756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Carvacrol (5-isopropyl-2-methyl phenol) is a natural compound that occurs in the leaves of a number of plants and herbs including wild bergamot, thyme and pepperwort, but which is most abundant in oregano. The aim of this review is to analyse the scientific data from the last five years (2012-2017) on the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities of carvacrol, targeting different bacteria and fungi responsible for human infectious diseases. The antimicrobial and anti-biofilm mechanisms of carvacrol and its synergies with antibiotics are illustrated. The potential of carvacrol-loaded anti-infective nanomaterials is underlined. Carvacrol shows excellent antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities, and is a very interesting bioactive compound against fungi and a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and being active against both planktonic and sessile human pathogens. Moreover, carvacrol lends itself to being combined with nanomaterials, thus providing an opportunity for preventing biofilm-associated infections by new bio-inspired, anti-infective materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marchese
- a Microbiology Section DISC-Ospedale Policlinico San Martino , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Carla Renata Arciola
- b Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
- c Research Unit on Implant Infections , Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute , Bologna , Italy
| | - Erika Coppo
- d Microbiology Section DISC , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Ramona Barbieri
- d Microbiology Section DISC , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Davide Barreca
- e Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Salima Chebaibi
- f Department of Health and Environment, Science Faculty , University Moulay Ismail , Meknes , Morocco
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- g Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Santiago de Compostela , Spain
- h Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud , Universidad Central de Chile , Chile
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- i Applied Biotechnology Research Center , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- i Applied Biotechnology Research Center , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Maria Daglia
- j Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
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Costa S, Cavadas C, Cavaleiro C, Salgueiro L, do Céu Sousa M. In vitro susceptibility of Trypanosoma brucei brucei to selected essential oils and their major components. Exp Parasitol 2018; 190:34-40. [PMID: 29778466 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Aiming for discovering effective and harmless antitrypanosomal agents, 17 essential oils and nine major components were screened for their effects on T. b. brucei. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation from fresh plant material and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The trypanocidal activity was assessed using blood stream trypomastigotes cultures of T. b. brucei and the colorimetric resazurin method. The MTT test was used to assess the cytotoxicity of essential oils on macrophage cells and Selectivity Indexes were calculated. Of the 17 essential oils screened three showed high trypanocidal activity (IC50 < 10 μg/mL): Juniperus oxycedrus (IC50 of 0.9 μg/mL), Cymbopogon citratus (IC50 of 3.2 μg/mL) and Lavandula luisieri (IC50 of 5.7 μg/mL). These oils had no cytotoxic effects on macrophage cells showing the highest values of Selectivity Index (63.4, 9.0 and 11.8, respectively). The oils of Distichoselinum tenuifolium, Lavandula viridis, Origanum virens, Seseli tortuosom, Syzygium aromaticum, and Thymbra capitata also exhibited activity (IC50 of 10-25 μg/mL) but showed cytotoxicity on macrophages. Of the nine compounds tested, α-pinene (IC50 of 2.9 μg/mL) and citral (IC50 of 18.9 μg/mL) exhibited the highest anti-trypanosomal activities. Citral is likely the active component of C. citratus and α-pinene is responsible for the antitrypanosomal effects of J. oxycedrus. The present work leads us to propose the J. oxycedrus, C. citratus and L. luisieri oils as valuable sources of new molecules for African Sleeping Sickness treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Costa
- Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia Cavadas
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Cavaleiro
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Maria do Céu Sousa
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
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Monzote L, Geroldinger G, Tonner M, Scull R, De Sarkar S, Bergmann S, Bacher M, Staniek K, Chatterjee M, Rosenau T, Gille L. Interaction of ascaridole, carvacrol, and caryophyllene oxide from essential oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. with mitochondria in Leishmania and other eukaryotes. Phytother Res 2018; 32:1729-1740. [PMID: 29672979 PMCID: PMC6208284 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The antileishmanial activity of the essential oil (EO) from Chenopodium ambrosioides L. has been demonstrated in vitro and in animal models, attributed to the major components of the EO. This study focused on the effects of the three major EO compounds carvacrol, caryophyllene oxide (Caryo), and the antileishmanial endoperoxide ascaridole (Asc) on mitochondrial functions in Leishmania tarentolae promastigotes (LtP). EO and Caryo were able to partially inhibit the leishmanial electron transport chain, whereas other components failed to demonstrate a direct immediate effect. Caryo demonstrated inhibition of complex III activity in LtP and in isolated complex III from other species. The formation of superoxide radicals was studied in Leishmania by electron spin resonance spectroscopy in the presence of iron chelators wherein selected compounds failed to trigger a significant immediate additional superoxide production in LtP. However, upon prolonged incubation of Leishmania with Asc and especially in the absence of iron chelators (allowing the activation of Asc), an increased superoxide radical production and significant impairment of mitochondrial coupling in Leishmania was observed. Prolonged incubation with all EO components resulted in thiol depletion. Taken together, the major components of EO mediate their leishmanicidal activity via different mitochondrial targets and time profiles. Further studies are required to elucidate possible synergistic effects of carvacrol and Asc and the influence of minor compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianet Monzote
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kourí", Havana, Cuba
| | - Gerald Geroldinger
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Tonner
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ramón Scull
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food, Havana University, Havana, Cuba
| | - Sritama De Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Sophie Bergmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Bacher
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry of Renewables, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln, Austria
| | - Katrin Staniek
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mitali Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Thomas Rosenau
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry of Renewables, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln, Austria
| | - Lars Gille
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Zohra T, Ovais M, Khalil AT, Qasim M, Ayaz M, Shinwari ZK. Extraction optimization, total phenolic, flavonoid contents, HPLC-DAD analysis and diverse pharmacological evaluations of Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants. Nat Prod Res 2018; 33:136-142. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1437428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanzeel Zohra
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ovais
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ali Talha Khalil
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Qarshi University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Zabta Khan Shinwari
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Qarshi University, Lahore, Pakistan
- Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
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39
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Wild edible plants: Nutritional and toxicological characteristics, retrieval strategies and importance for today's society. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 110:165-188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Sharma A, Flores-Vallejo RDC, Cardoso-Taketa A, Villarreal ML. Antibacterial activities of medicinal plants used in Mexican traditional medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 208:264-329. [PMID: 27155134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE We provide an extensive summary of the in vitro antibacterial properties of medicinal plants popularly used in Mexico to treat infections, and we discuss the ethnomedical information that has been published for these species. MATERIALS AND METHODS We carried out a bibliographic investigation by analyzing local and international peer-reviewed papers selected by consulting internationally accepted scientific databases from 1995 to 2014. We provide specific information about the evaluated plant parts, the type of extracts, the tested bacterial strains, and the inhibitory concentrations for each one of the species. We recorded the ethnomedical information for the active species, as well as their popular names and local distribution. Information about the plant compounds that has been identified is included in the manuscript. This review also incorporates an extensive summary of the available toxicological reports on the recorded species, as well as the worldwide registries of plant patents used for treating bacterial infections. In addition, we provide a list with the top plant species with antibacterial activities in this review RESULTS: We documented the in vitro antibacterial activities of 343 plant species pertaining to 92 botanical families against 72 bacterial species, focusing particularly on Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The plant families Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae and Euphorbiaceae included the largest number of active species. Information related to popular uses reveals that the majority of the plants, in addition to treating infections, are used to treat other conditions. The distribution of Mexican plants extended from those that were reported to grow in just one state to those that grow in all 32 Mexican states. From 75 plant species, 225 compounds were identified. Out of the total plant species, only 140 (40.57%) had at least one report about their toxic effects. From 1994 to July 2014 a total of 11,836 worldwide antibacterial patents prepared from different sources were recorded; only 36 antibacterial patents from plants were registered over the same time period. We offered some insights on the most important findings regarding the antibacterial effects, current state of the art, and research perspectives of top plant species with antibacterial activities in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Studies of the antibacterial in vitro activity of medicinal plants popularly used in Mexico to treat infections indicate that both the selection of plant material and the investigation methodologies vary. Standardized experimental procedures as well as in vivo pharmacokinetic studies to document the effectiveness of plant extracts and compounds are necessary. This review presents extensive information about the medicinal plants possessing antibacterial activity that has been scientifically studied and are popularly used in Mexico. We anticipate that this review will be of use for future studies because it constitutes a valuable information tool for selecting the most significant plants and their potential antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Sharma
- Escuela de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Biotecnología y Agronomía (ESIABA), Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Querétaro, México
| | - Rosario Del Carmen Flores-Vallejo
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca Morelos 62209, México
| | - Alexandre Cardoso-Taketa
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca Morelos 62209, México
| | - María Luisa Villarreal
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca Morelos 62209, México
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41
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Leishmanicidal Activity and Structure-Activity Relationships of Essential Oil Constituents. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050815. [PMID: 28509873 PMCID: PMC6154737 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Several constituents of essential oils have been shown to be active against pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. This study demonstrated the in vitro action of ten compounds present in essential oils against Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes. With the exception of p-cymene, all evaluated compounds presented leishmanicidal activity, exhibiting IC50 between 25.4 and 568.1 μg mL−1. Compounds with the best leishmanicidal activity presented a phenolic moiety (IC50 between 25.4 and 82.9 μg mL−1). Alicyclic alcohols ((−)-menthol and isoborneol) and ketones ((−)-carvone) promoted similar activity against the parasite (IC50 between 190.2 and 198.9 μg mL−1). Most of the compounds showed low cytotoxicity in L929 fibroblasts. Analysis of the structure-activity relationship of these compounds showed the importance of the phenolic structure for the biological action against the promastigote forms of the parasite.
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42
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Mechanism of ascaridole activation in Leishmania. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 132:48-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Déciga-Campos M, Mata R, Rivero-Cruz I. Antinociceptive pharmacological profile of Dysphania graveolens in mouse. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:933-938. [PMID: 28292021 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work evaluates the potential antinociceptive activity of Dysphania graveolens, traditional medicinal plant used in Mexico to treat stomach pain. A CH2Cl2-MeOH extract, infusion and essential oil from aerial parts of Dysphania graveolens were evaluated in hot plate and writhing tests in mice. The metabolites pinostrobin, pinocembrin and chrysin were isolated from the Dysphania graveolens infusion; next, they were evaluated in both nociceptive tests. To confirm the antinociceptive activity and explore the possible participation of opioid, GABA and serotonin receptors in the pharmacological mechanism, a formalin test was used. Oral administration of Dysphania graveolens CH2Cl2-MeOH extract, infusion and essential oil (31-316mg/kg) produced an antinociceptive response to thermic and chemical algesic stimuli. Essential oil was the most active partition of this plant. In addition, the secondary metabolites pinostrobin, pinocembrin and chrysin possess a significant antinociceptive effect. This response was confirmed by the formalin test for the CH2Cl2-MeOH extract of Dysphania graveolens and chrysin. In both cases, the antinociceptive activity was reverted in the presence of naltrexone, flumazenil and bicuculline antagonists. The 5-HT2A/2C receptors did not participate in the antinociceptive response of this plant. The overall information tends to support the efficacy of Dysphania graveolens as an analgesic and its cultural use in abdominal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrna Déciga-Campos
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, México.
| | - Rachel Mata
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México.
| | - Isabel Rivero-Cruz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México.
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44
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Mouchira AC. Chemical composition and anticancer activity of Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk.) Sch. Bip. (Asteraceae) essential oil from Egypt. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5897/jpp2015.0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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45
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Larvicidal activity of essential oil of Peumus boldus Molina and its ascaridole-enriched fraction against Culex quinquefasciatus. Exp Parasitol 2016; 171:84-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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46
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Lin J, Cai QY, Xu W, Lin JM, Peng J. Chemical Composition, Anticancer, Anti-neuroinflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities of the Essential Oil of Patrinia scabiosaefolia. Chin J Integr Med 2016; 24:207-212. [PMID: 27586471 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-016-2459-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the chemical composition, anticancer, anti-neuroinflflammatory, and antioxidant activities of the essential oil of Patrinia scabiosaefolia (EO-PS). METHODS Patrinia scabiosaefolia was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Eight human carcinoma cell lines, including SGC-7901, AGS, HepG2, HT-29, HCT-8, 5-FU/HCT-8, HeLa, and MDA-MB-231, were assessed by methylthiazolyldiphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Anti-neuroinflflammatory activity was assessed by production of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 induced by lipopolysaccharide in BV-2 cells (microglia from mice). The antioxidant activity was evaluated with a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay. RESULTS Forty-four components, representing 83.919% of the total oil, were identifified in the EO-PS. The major constituents were caryophyllene oxide (12.802%), caryophyllene (6.909%), α-caryophyllene (2.927%), β-damascenone (3.435%), calarene (5.621%), and phenol (3.044%). The MTT assay showed that the EO-PS exhibited significant dose-dependent growth inhibition in the 50-200 μg/mL dilution range. The EO-PS exhibited a dose-dependent scavenging activity against the DPPH radical, with an half of maximal inhibitory concentration 1.455 mg/mL. CONCLUSIONS The EO-PS possesses a wide range of antitumor, anti-neuroinflflammatory and antioxidant activities, suggesting that it may be a good candidate for further investigations of new bioactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Qiao-Yan Cai
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Jiu-Mao Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine Biomedical Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China. .,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
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47
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Orlando VDS, Glauciemar DVV, Bruna CSS, C eacute lia HY, Ana UCSAU, Ailson DLAEDAUJ, Miriam ADOP, Mirian PR, Maria SA. In- vivo and vitro bioactivities of the essential oil of Duguetia lanceolata branches. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/ajpp2015.4497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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48
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Karabín M, Hudcová T, Jelínek L, Dostálek P. Biologically Active Compounds from Hops and Prospects for Their Use. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2016; 15:542-567. [PMID: 33401815 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although female cones of the hop plant (Humulus lupulus) are known primarily as raw material supplying characteristic bitterness and aroma to beer, their equally significant health-promoting effects have been known to mankind for several thousand years and hop is a plant traditionally utilized in folk medicine. This paper summarizes the scientific knowledge on the effects of all 3 major groups of secondary metabolites of hops; polyphenols, essential oils, and resins. Because of their chemical diversity, it is no coincidence that these compounds exhibit a wide range of pharmacologically important properties. In addition to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer-related properties, particular attention is being paid to prenylflavonoids that occur almost exclusively in hops and are considered to be some of the most active phytoestrogens known. Hop oils and resins are well known for their sedative and other neuropharmacological properties, but in addition, these compounds exhibit antibacterial and antifungal effects. Recently, alpha bitter acids have been shown to block the development of a number of complex lifestyle diseases that are referred to by the collective name "metabolic syndrome." Information presented in this review confirms the significant potential for the use of hops in the pharmaceutical industry and provides an understanding of beer as a natural drink that, although moderately consumed, may become a source of many health-promoting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Karabín
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Univ. of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Hudcová
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Univ. of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Jelínek
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Univ. of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Dostálek
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Univ. of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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49
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Combinations of ascaridole, carvacrol, and caryophyllene oxide against Leishmania. Acta Trop 2015; 145:31-8. [PMID: 25697866 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To date there are no vaccines against Leishmania and chemotherapy remains the mainstay for the control of leishmaniasis. The drugs currently used for leishmaniasis therapy are significantly toxic, expensive, and result in a growing frequency of refractory infections. In this study, we evaluated the effect of combinations of the main components of essential oil from Chenopodium ambrosioides (ascaridole, carvacrol, and caryophyllene oxide) against Leishmaniaamazonensis. Anti-leishmanial effects of combinations of pure compounds were evaluated in vitro and the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices were calculated. BALB/c mice infected with L. amazonensis were treated with different concentrations of ascaridole-carvacrol combinations by intralesional doses every 4 days. Disease progression and parasite burden in infected tissues were determined. In vitro experiments showed a synergistic effect of the combination of ascaridole-carvacrol against promastigotes of Leishmania with a FIC index of 0.171, while indifferent activities were observed for ascaridole-caryophyllene oxide (FIC index=3.613) and carvacrol-caryophyllene oxide (FIC index=2.356) combinations. The fixed ratio method showed that a 1:4 ascaridole-carvacrol ratio produced a better anti-protozoal activity on promastigotes, lower cytotoxicity, and synergistic activity on intracellular amastigotes (FIC index=0.416). Significant differences (p<0.05) in lesion size and parasite burden were demonstrated in BALB/c mice experimentally infected and treated with the ascaridole-carvacrol combinations compared with control animals. Carvacrol showed significant higher anti-radical activity in the DPPH assay compared with caryophyllene oxide. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy in combination with spin trapping suggested the presence of carbon-centered radicals after activation of ascaridole by Fe(2+). The intensity of the signals is preferably decreased upon addition of carvacrol. The ascaridole-carvacrol combination could represent a future alternative to monotherapeutic anti-leishmanial agents.
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50
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Chen W, Xu B, Xiao A, Liu L, Fang X, Liu R, Turlova E, Barszczyk A, Zhong X, Sun CLF, Britto LRG, Feng ZP, Sun HS. TRPM7 inhibitor carvacrol protects brain from neonatal hypoxic-ischemic injury. Mol Brain 2015; 8:11. [PMID: 25761704 PMCID: PMC4337201 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-015-0102-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study found that suppression of TRPM7 reduced neuronal death in adult rat ischemic brain injury. It was reported that carvacrol blocked TRPM7 and attenuated brain injury in an adult rat MCAO model. The effects of carvacrol on neonatal stroke remain unknown. This study investigated the effects of carvacrol on neuronal injury and behavioral impairment after hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal mice and the potential signaling pathway underlying these effects. RESULTS Carvacrol inhibited TRPM7 current in HEK293 cells over-expressing TRPM7 and TRPM7-like current in hippocampal neurons in a dose-dependent manner. Carvacrol (>200 μM) reduced OGD-induced neuronal injury in cortical neurons. 24 hours after HI, TRPM7 protein level in the ipsilateral hemisphere was significantly higher than in the contralateral hemisphere. Carvacrol (30 and 50 mg/kg) pre-treatment reduced brain infarct volume 24 hours after HI in a dose-dependent manner. Carvacrol pre-treatment also improved neurobehavioral outcomes. Furthermore, animals pre-treated with carvacrol had fewer TUNEL-positive cells in the brain compared to vehicle-treated animals 3 days after HI. Carvacrol pre-treatment also increased Bcl-2/Bax and p-Akt/t-Akt protein ratios and decreased cleaved caspase-3 protein expression 24 hours after HI. CONCLUSIONS Carvacrol pre-treatment protects against neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury by reducing brain infarct volume, promoting pro-survival signaling and inhibiting pro-apoptotic signaling, as well as improving behavioral outcomes. The neuroprotective effect may be mediated by the inhibition of TRPM7 channel function. Carvacrol is a potential drug development target for the treatment of neonatal stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Chen
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Baofeng Xu
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Aijiao Xiao
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Xiaoyan Fang
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Ekaterina Turlova
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Andrew Barszczyk
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Xiao Zhong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Christopher L F Sun
- Faculty of Applied Science & Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A4, Canada.
| | - Luiz R G Britto
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Zhong-Ping Feng
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Hong-Shuo Sun
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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