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Zhao H, Mou Q, Wang F, Du ZQ, Yang CX. Profile of key metabolites and identification of HMGCS1-DHEA pathway in porcine Sertoli cells treated by Vitamin C. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 243:106580. [PMID: 38997072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid, AA), as vital micro-nutrient, plays an essential role for male animal reproduction. Previously, we showed that vitamin C reprogrammed the transcriptome and proteome to change phenotypes of porcine immature Sertoli cells (iSCs). Here, we used LC-MS-based non-targeted metabolomics to further investigate the metabolic effects of vitamin C on porcine iSCs. The results identified 43 significantly differential metabolites (DMs) (16 up and 27 down) as induced by vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate sesquimagnesium salt hydrate, AA2P) treatment of porcine iSCs, which were mainly enriched in steroid related and protein related metabolic pathways. ELISA (Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay) showed that significantly differential metabolites of Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) (involved in steroid hormone biosynthesis) and Desmosterol (involved in steroid degradation) were significantly increased, which were partially consistent with metabolomic results. Further integrative analysis of metabolomics, transcriptomics and proteomics data identified the strong correlation between the key differential metabolite of Dehydroepiandrosterone and 6 differentially expressed genes (DEGs)/proteins (DEPs) (HMGCS1, P4HA1, STON2, LOXL2, EMILIN2 and CCN3). Further experiments validated that HMGCS1 could positively regulate Dehydroepiandrosterone level. These data indicate that vitamin C could modulate the metabolism profile, and HMGCS1-DHEA could be the pathway to mediate effects exerted by vitamin C on porcine iSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Qiao Mou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China.
| | - Cai-Xia Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China.
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2
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Husain A, Meenakshi DU, Ahmad A, Shrivastava N, Khan SA. A Review on Alternative Methods to Experimental Animals in Biological Testing: Recent Advancement and Current Strategies. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2023; 15:165-171. [PMID: 38235048 PMCID: PMC10790740 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_380_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
With an increase in the progression of research and development in the medical field, the experimental use of animals for the efficacy and safety testing of pharmaceuticals is on rise. Every year, millions of animals are used for experimental testing during which these suffer from pain and are then eventually sacrificed. Besides bioethical issues, animal experimentation is associated with many disadvantages like high cost, the requirement of skilled manpower, approval, and is time-consuming. Therefore, attempts have been made by researchers to design and develop a number of alternative methods that could bypass animal experiments. These methods not only give accurate results but can also save lives of millions of animals annually. Research techniques, including computer and robotics together with molecular biology techniques, are applied to discover new methods to replace animal testing. Several alternative methods are discussed in this review. Some of these methods can predict the behavior of drugs accurately and are as reliable as in-vivo animal models. Furthermore, these alternative methods offer a variety of advantages over experimental animals. However, there is still a great need to discover and develop new, accurate, and reliable methods to replace experimental animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Husain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Dhanalekshmi U. Meenakshi
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMMAND), Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Department of Health Information Technology, The Applied College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacovigilance and Medication Safety Unit, Center of Research Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Neelima Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Shah A. Khan
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMMAND), Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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3
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Burbank M, Gautier F, Hewitt N, Detroyer A, Guillet-Revol L, Carron L, Wildemann T, Bringel T, Riu A, Noel-Voisin A, De Croze N, Léonard M, Ouédraogo G. Advancing the use of new approach methodologies for assessing teratogenicity: Building a tiered approach. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 120:108454. [PMID: 37543254 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Many New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) have been developed for the safety assessment of new ingredients. Research into reproductive toxicity and teratogenicity is a particularly high priority, especially given their mechanistic complexity. Forty-six non-teratogenic and 39 teratogenic chemicals were screened for teratogenic potential using the in silico DART model from the OECD QSAR Toolbox; the devTox quickPredict™ (devTox assay) test and the Zebrafish Embryotoxicity Test (ZET). The sensitivity and specificity were 94.7% and 84.1%, respectively, for the DART tree (83 chemicals), 86.1% and 35.6% for the devTox (81 chemicals) and 77.8% and 76.7% for the ZET (57 chemicals). Fifty-three chemicals were tested in all three assays and when results were combined and based on a "2 out of 3 rule", the sensitivity and specificity were 96.0% and 71.4%, respectively. The specificity of the devTox assay for a sub-set of 43 chemicals was increased from 26.1% to 82.6% by incorporating human plasma concentrations into the assay interpretation. When all 85 chemicals were assessed in a decision tree approach, there was an excellent predictivity and assay robustness of 90%. In conclusion, all three models exhibited a good sensitivity and specificity, especially when outcomes from all three were combined or used in "2 out of 3" or a tiered decision tree approach. The latter is an interesting predictive approach for evaluating the teratogenic potential of new chemicals. Future investigations will extend the number of chemicals tested, as well as explore ways to refine the results and obtain a robust Integrated Testing Strategy to evaluate teratogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Burbank
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, France.
| | - F Gautier
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, France
| | | | | | | | - L Carron
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, France
| | | | - T Bringel
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, France
| | - A Riu
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, France
| | | | | | - M Léonard
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, France
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4
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Yang Y, He S, Qi Z, Chai X, Zhao Q, Hu B, Li G, Yu Y. Proliferation toxicity and mechanism of novel mixed bromine/chlorine transformation products of tetrabromobisphenol A on human embryonic stem cell. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 449:131050. [PMID: 36821903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mixed bromine/chlorine transformation products of tetrabromobisphenol A (ClyBrxBPAs) are mixed halogenated-type compounds recently identified in electronic waste dismantling sites. There are a lack of toxicity data on these compounds. To study their development toxicity, the proliferation toxicity was investigated using human embryonic stem cells (hESC) exposed to the lowest effective dose of two ClyBrxBPA analogues (2-chloro-2',6-dibromobisphenol A and 2,2'-dichloro-6-monobromobisphenol A). For comparison, tetrabromobisphenol A, 2,2',6-tribromobisphenol A, and bisphenol A were also assessed. It was observed that ClyBrxBPAs inhibited hESCs proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. The cell bioaccumulation efficiency of ClyBrxBPAs was higher than that of tetrabromobisphenol A. Also, ClyBrxBPAs were more toxic than tetrabromobisphenol A, with 2,2'-dichloro-6-monobromobisphenol A exhibiting the most potent toxicity. Furthermore, flow cytometry and oxidative stress results showed that increased reactive oxygen species raised the degree of apoptosis and reduced DNA synthesis. Metabolomics analysis on the effect of ClyBrxBPAs on metabolic pathway alteration showed that ClyBrxBPAs mainly interfered with four metabolic pathways related to amino acid metabolism and biosynthesis. These results provide an initial perspective on the proliferation toxicity of ClyBrxBPAs, indicating development toxicity in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Synergy Innovation Institute of GDUT, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Shiyao He
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zenghua Qi
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xuyang Chai
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Qiting Zhao
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Beibei Hu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Jia S, Marques Dos Santos M, Li C, Fang M, Sureshkumar M, Snyder SA. Analogy or fallacy, unsafe chemical alternatives: Mechanistic insights into energy metabolism dysfunction induced by Bisphenol analogs in HepG2 cells. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 175:107942. [PMID: 37094511 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol analogs (BPs) are widely used as industrial alternatives for Bisphenol A (BPA). Their toxicity assessment in humans has mainly focused on estrogenic activity, while other toxicity effects and mechanisms resulting from BPs exposure remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of three BPs (Bisphenol AF (BPAF), Bisphenol G (BPG) and Bisphenol PH (BPPH)) on metabolic pathways of HepG2 cells. Results from comprehensive cellular bioenergetics analysis and nontarget metabolomics indicated that the most important process affected by BPs exposure was energy metabolism, as evidenced by reduced mitochondrial function and enhanced glycolysis. Compared to the control group, BPG and BPPH exhibited a consistent pattern of metabolic dysregulation, while BPAF differed from both, such as an increased ATP: ADP ratio (1.29-fold, p < 0.05) observed in BPAF and significantly decreased ATP: ADP ratio for BPG (0.28-fold, p < 0.001) and BPPH (0.45-fold, p < 0.001). Bioassay endpoint analysis revealed BPG/BPPH induced alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential and overproductions of reactive oxygen species. Taken together these data suggested that BPG/BPPH induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in cells results in energy metabolism dysregulation. By contrast, BPAF had no effect on mitochondrial health, but induced a proliferation promoting effect on cells, which might contribute to the energy metabolism dysfunction. Interestingly, BPPH induced the greatest mitochondrial damage among the three BPs but did not exhibit Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) activating effects. This study characterized the distinct metabolic mechanisms underlying energy metabolism dysregulation induced by different BPs in target human cells, providing new insight into the evaluation of the emerging BPA substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Jia
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Mauricius Marques Dos Santos
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Caixia Li
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Mingliang Fang
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Rd., Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Mithusha Sureshkumar
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Shane A Snyder
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore.
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6
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Smith MSR, Mohan H, Ajaykumar A, Hsieh AYY, Martineau L, Patel R, Gadawska I, Sherwood C, Serghides L, Piret JM, Côté HCF. Second-Generation Human Immunodeficiency Virus Integrase Inhibitors Induce Differentiation Dysregulation and Exert Toxic Effects in Human Embryonic Stem Cell and Mouse Models. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:1992-2001. [PMID: 36124861 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Each year, approximately 1.1 million children are exposed in utero to human immunodeficiency virus antiretrovirals, yet their safety is often not well characterized during pregnancy. The Tsepamo study reported a neural tube defect signal in infants exposed to the integrase strand transfer inhibitor (InSTI) dolutegravir from conception, suggesting that exposure during early fetal development may be detrimental. METHODS The effects of InSTIs on 2 human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines were characterized with respect to markers of pluripotency, early differentiation, and cellular health. In addition, fetal resorptions after exposure to InSTIs from conception were analyzed in pregnant mice. RESULTS At subtherapeutic concentrations, second-generation InSTIs bictegravir, cabotegravir, and dolutegravir decreased hESC counts and pluripotency and induced dysregulation of genes involved in early differentiation. At therapeutic concentrations, bictegravir induced substantial hESC death and fetal resorptions. It is notable that first-generation InSTI raltegravir did not induce any hESC toxicity or differentiation, at any concentration tested. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to some InSTIs, even at subtherapeutic concentrations, can induce adverse effects in hESCs and pregnant mice. Given the increasingly prevalent use of second-generation InSTIs, including in women of reproductive age, it is imperative to further elucidate the effect of InSTIs on embryonic development, as well as their long-term safety after in utero exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Soleil R Smith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Haneesha Mohan
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Abhinav Ajaykumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Anthony Y Y Hsieh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lou Martineau
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ronil Patel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Izabella Gadawska
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Lena Serghides
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Immunology and Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - James M Piret
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hélène C F Côté
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
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7
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Yamane J, Wada T, Otsuki H, Inomata K, Suzuki M, Hisaki T, Sekine S, Kouzuki H, Kobayashi K, Sone H, Yamashita JK, Osawa M, Saito MK, Fujibuchi W. StemPanTox: A fast and wide-target drug assessment system for tailor-made safety evaluations using personalized iPS cells. iScience 2022; 25:104538. [PMID: 35754715 PMCID: PMC9218511 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An alternative model that reliably predicts human-specific toxicity is necessary because the translatability of effects on animal models for human disease is limited to context. Previously, we developed a method that accurately predicts developmental toxicity based on the gene networks of undifferentiated human embryonic stem (ES) cells. Here, we advanced this method to predict adult toxicities of 24 chemicals in six categories (neurotoxins, cardiotoxins, hepatotoxins, two types of nephrotoxins, and non-genotoxic carcinogens) and achieved high predictability (AUC = 0.90-1.00) in all categories. Moreover, we screened for an induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell line to predict the toxicities based on the gene networks of iPS cells using transfer learning of the gene networks of ES cells, and predicted toxicities in four categories (neurotoxins, hepatotoxins, glomerular nephrotoxins, and non-genotoxic carcinogens) with high performance (AUC = 0.82-0.99). This method holds promise for tailor-made safety evaluations using personalized iPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Yamane
- Center for IPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takumi Wada
- Center for IPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hironori Otsuki
- Toxicological Research Laboratories, Translational Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., 1188 Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8731, Japan
| | - Koji Inomata
- Toxicological Research Laboratories, Translational Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., 1188 Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8731, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Suzuki
- Toxicological Research Laboratories, Translational Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., 1188 Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8731, Japan
| | - Tomoka Hisaki
- MIRAI Technology Institute, Shiseido Co., Ltd., 1-2-11, Takashima, Nishi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 220-0011, Japan
| | - Shuichi Sekine
- MIRAI Technology Institute, Shiseido Co., Ltd., 1-2-11, Takashima, Nishi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 220-0011, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kouzuki
- MIRAI Technology Institute, Shiseido Co., Ltd., 1-2-11, Takashima, Nishi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 220-0011, Japan
| | - Kenta Kobayashi
- Center for IPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hideko Sone
- Environmental Health and Prevention Research Unit, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 245-0066, Japan
| | - Jun K Yamashita
- Center for IPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Mitsujiro Osawa
- Center for IPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Megumu K Saito
- Center for IPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Wataru Fujibuchi
- Center for IPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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8
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The DevTox Germ Layer Reporter Platform: An Assay Adaptation of the Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Test. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10070392. [PMID: 35878297 PMCID: PMC9321663 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10070392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Environmental chemical exposures are a contributing factor to birth defects affecting infant morbidity and mortality. The USA EPA is committed to developing new approach methods (NAMs) to detect chemical risks to susceptible populations, including pregnant women. NAM-based coverage for cellular mechanisms associated with early human development could enhance identification of potential developmental toxicants (DevTox) for new and existing data-poor chemicals. The human pluripotent stem cell test (hPST) is an in vitro test method for rapidly identifying potential human developmental toxicants that employs directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells to measure reductions in SOX17 biomarker expression and nuclear localization. The objective of this study was to expand on the hPST principles to develop a model platform (DevTox GLR) that utilizes the transgenic RUES2-GLR cell line expressing fluorescent reporter fusion protein biomarkers for SOX17 (endoderm marker), BRA (mesoderm marker), and SOX2 (ectoderm and pluripotency marker). Initial assay adaption to definitive endoderm (DevTox GLR-Endo) was performed to emulate the hPST SOX17 endpoint and enable comparative evaluation of concordant chemical effects. Assay duration was reduced to two days and screening throughput scaled to 384-well format for enhanced speed and efficiency. Assay performance for 66 chemicals derived from reference and training set data resulted in a balanced accuracy of 72% (79% sensitivity and 65% specificity). The DevTox GLR-Endo assay demonstrates successful adaptation of the hPST concept with increased throughput, shorter assay duration, and minimal endpoint processing. The DevTox GLR model platform expands the in vitro NAM toolbox to rapidly identify potential developmental hazards and mechanistically characterize toxicant effects on pathways and processes associated with early human development.
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9
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Jia S, Li C, Fang M, Marques Dos Santos M, Snyder SA. Non-targeted metabolomics revealing the effects of bisphenol analogues on human liver cancer cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 297:134088. [PMID: 35216976 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol analogues (BPs) are widely used in plastics, food packaging and other commercial products as non safer alternative of BPA. As emerging environmental contaminants, BPs have received considerable attention for their adverse effects on human health. However, their effects on liver metabolisms are only marginally understood. In this study, high-resolution mass spectrometry-based global metabolomics and extracellular flux (XF) analysis were applied to characterize the cellular metabolome alterations and reveal the possible mechanisms of the metabolic disorders associated with BPs-induced toxicity in HepG2 cells. BPE, BPB and BPAP with similar chemical structures were selected to compare their interference with different metabolic pathways. A total of 61 key metabolite profiles were significantly altered after exposure to the three BPs. Overall, BPs altered metabolites which are associated with energy metabolism, oxidative stress, cell proliferation and nucleotides synthesis. The primary dysregulated pathways included energy and nucleotides synthesis related Purine and Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis metabolism. In addition, attenuated mitochondrial function and enhanced glycolysis were found under BPB and BPAP treatment. While attenuated glycolysis was observed under BPE treatment. These findings may provide potential biomarkers indicating the cytotoxicity of BPs and prompt a deeper understanding of the intramolecular metabolic processes induced by BPs exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Jia
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Caixia Li
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Mingliang Fang
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Mauricius Marques Dos Santos
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Shane A Snyder
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141, Singapore.
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10
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Piersma AH, Baker NC, Daston GP, Flick B, Fujiwara M, Knudsen TB, Spielmann H, Suzuki N, Tsaioun K, Kojima H. Pluripotent stem cell assays: Modalities and applications for predictive developmental toxicity. Curr Res Toxicol 2022; 3:100074. [PMID: 35633891 PMCID: PMC9130094 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2022.100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript provides a review focused on embryonic stem cell-based models and their place within the landscape of alternative developmental toxicity assays. Against the background of the principles of developmental toxicology, the wide diversity of alternative methods using pluripotent stem cells developed in this area over the past half century is reviewed. In order to provide an overview of available models, a systematic scoping review was conducted following a published protocol with inclusion criteria, which were applied to select the assays. Critical aspects including biological domain, readout endpoint, availability of standardized protocols, chemical domain, reproducibility and predictive power of each assay are described in detail, in order to review the applicability and limitations of the platform in general and progress moving forward to implementation. The horizon of innovative routes of promoting regulatory implementation of alternative methods is scanned, and recommendations for further work are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldert H. Piersma
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - George P. Daston
- Global Product Stewardship, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Burkhard Flick
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Michio Fujiwara
- Drug Safety Research Labs, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba-shi, Japan
| | - Thomas B. Knudsen
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, USA
| | - Horst Spielmann
- Institute for Pharmacy, Faculty of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | - Noriyuki Suzuki
- Cell Science Group Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Katya Tsaioun
- Evidence-Based Toxicology Collaboration at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hajime Kojima
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
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Jamalpoor A, Hartvelt S, Dimopoulou M, Zwetsloot T, Brandsma I, Racz PI, Osterlund T, Hendriks G. A novel human stem cell-based biomarker assay for in vitro assessment of developmental toxicity. Birth Defects Res 2022; 114:1210-1228. [PMID: 35289129 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testing for developmental toxicity according to the current regulatory guidelines requires large numbers of animals, making these tests very resource intensive, time-consuming, and ethically debatable. Over the past decades, several alternative in vitro assays have been developed, but these often suffered from low predictability and the inability to provide a mechanistic understanding of developmental toxicity. METHODS To identify embryotoxic compounds, we developed a human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)-based biomarker assay. The assay is based on the differentiation of hiPSCs into functional cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes. Proper stem cell differentiation is investigated by morphological profiling and assessment of time-dependent expression patterns of cell-specific biomarkers. In this system, a decrease in the expression of the biomarker genes and morphology disruption of the differentiated cells following compound treatment indicated teratogenicity. RESULTS The hiPSCs-based biomarker assay was validated with 21 well-established in vivo animal teratogenic and non-teratogenic compounds during cardiomyocyte and hepatocyte differentiation. The in vivo teratogenic compounds (e.g., thalidomide and valproic acid) markedly disrupted morphology, functionality, and the expression pattern of the biomarker genes in either one or both cell types. Non-teratogenic chemicals generally had no effect on the morphology of differentiated cells, nor on the expression of the biomarker genes. Compared to the in vivo classification, the assay achieved high accuracy (91%), sensitivity (91%), and specificity (90%). CONCLUSION The assay, which we named ReproTracker®, is a state-of-the-art in vitro method that can identify the teratogenicity potential of new pharmaceuticals and chemicals and signify the outcome of in vivo test systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer Jamalpoor
- Toxys B.V., Leiden Bio Science Park, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Hartvelt
- Toxys B.V., Leiden Bio Science Park, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | - Myrto Dimopoulou
- Toxys B.V., Leiden Bio Science Park, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Zwetsloot
- Toxys B.V., Leiden Bio Science Park, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | - Inger Brandsma
- Toxys B.V., Leiden Bio Science Park, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | - Peter I Racz
- Toxys B.V., Leiden Bio Science Park, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | - Torben Osterlund
- Toxys B.V., Leiden Bio Science Park, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | - Giel Hendriks
- Toxys B.V., Leiden Bio Science Park, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
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12
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Zhao H, Liu M, Lv Y, Fang M. Dose-response metabolomics and pathway sensitivity to map molecular cartography of bisphenol A exposure. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:106893. [PMID: 34592654 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the toxicological regime, the toxicological endpoint and its dose-response relationship are two of the most prominent characters in conducting a risk assessment for chemical exposure. Systems biological methods have been used to comprehensively characterize the impact of toxicants on the biochemical pathways. However, the majority of the current studies are only based on single-dose, and limited information can be extrapolated to other doses from these experiments, regardless of the sensitivity of each endpoint. This study aims to understand the dose-response metabolite dysregulation pattern and metabolite sensitivity at the system-biological level. Here, we applied bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), as the model chemical. We first employed the global metabolomics method to characterize the metabolome of breast cancer cells (MCF-7) upon exposure to different doses (0, 20, 50, and 100 µM) of BPA. The dysregulated features with a clear dose-response relationship were also effectively picked up with an R-package named TOXcms. Overall, most metabolites were dysregulated by showing a significant dose-dependent behaviour. The results suggested that BPA exposure greatly perturbed purine metabolism and pyrimidine metabolism. Interestingly, most metabolites within the purine metabolism were described as a biphasic dose-response relationship. With the established dose-response relationship, we were able to fully map the metabolite cartography of BPA exposure within a wide range of concentrations and observe some unique patterns. Furthermore, an effective concentration of certain fold changes (e.g., EC+10 means the dose at which metabolite is 10% upregulated) and metabolite sensitivity were defined and introduced to this dose-response omics information. The result showed that the purine metabolism pathway is the most venerable target of BPA, which can be a potential endogenous biomarker for its exposure. Overall, this study applied the dose-response metabolomics method to fully understand the biochemical pathway disruption of BPA treatment at different doses. Both dose-response omics strategy and metabolite sensitivity analysis can be further considered and emphasized in future chemical risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoduo Zhao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Min Liu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Yunbo Lv
- Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Mingliang Fang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore.
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13
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Mennen RH, Oldenburger MM, Piersma AH. Endoderm and mesoderm derivatives in embryonic stem cell differentiation and their use in developmental toxicity testing. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 107:44-59. [PMID: 34861400 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cell differentiation models have increasingly been applied in non-animal test systems for developmental toxicity. After the initial focus on cardiac differentiation, attention has also included an array of neuro-ectodermal differentiation routes. Alternative differentiation routes in the mesodermal and endodermal germ lines have received less attention. This review provides an inventory of achievements in the latter areas of embryonic stem cell differentiation, with a view to possibilities for their use in non-animal test systems in developmental toxicology. This includes murine and human stem cell differentiation models, and also gains information from the field of stem cell use in regenerative medicine. Endodermal stem cell derivatives produced in vitro include hepatocytes, pancreatic cells, lung epithelium, and intestinal epithelium, and mesodermal derivatives include cardiac muscle, osteogenic, vascular and hemopoietic cells. This inventory provides an overview of studies on the different cell types together with biomarkers and culture conditions that stimulate these differentiation routes from embryonic stem cells. These models may be used to expand the spectrum of embryonic stem cell based new approach methodologies in non-animal developmental toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Mennen
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | | | - A H Piersma
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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14
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Kumar D, Baligar P, Srivastav R, Narad P, Raj S, Tandon C, Tandon S. Stem Cell Based Preclinical Drug Development and Toxicity Prediction. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:2237-2251. [PMID: 33076801 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201019104712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell based toxicity prediction plays a very important role in the development of the drug. Unexpected adverse effects of the drugs during clinical trials are a major reason for the termination or withdrawal of drugs. Methods for predicting toxicity employ in vitro as well as in vivo models; however, the major drawback seen in the data derived from these animal models is the lack of extrapolation, owing to interspecies variations. Due to these limitations, researchers have been striving to develop more robust drug screening platforms based on stem cells. The application of stem cells based toxicity testing has opened up robust methods to study the impact of new chemical entities on not only specific cell types, but also organs. Pluripotent stem cells, as well as cells derived from them, can be evaluated for modulation of cell function in response to drugs. Moreover, the combination of state-of-the -art techniques such as tissue engineering and microfluidics to fabricate organ- on-a-chip, has led to assays which are amenable to high throughput screening to understand the adverse and toxic effects of chemicals and drugs. This review summarizes the important aspects of the establishment of the embryonic stem cell test (EST), use of stem cells, pluripotent, induced pluripotent stem cells and organoids for toxicity prediction and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Kumar
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313, India
| | - Prakash Baligar
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313, India
| | - Rajpal Srivastav
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313, India
| | - Priyanka Narad
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313, India
| | - Sibi Raj
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313, India
| | - Chanderdeep Tandon
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313, India
| | - Simran Tandon
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313, India
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15
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Zurlinden TJ, Saili KS, Rush N, Kothiya P, Judson RS, Houck KA, Hunter ES, Baker NC, Palmer JA, Thomas RS, Knudsen TB. Profiling the ToxCast Library With a Pluripotent Human (H9) Stem Cell Line-Based Biomarker Assay for Developmental Toxicity. Toxicol Sci 2021; 174:189-209. [PMID: 32073639 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Stemina devTOX quickPredict platform is a human pluripotent stem cell-based assay that predicts the developmental toxicity potential based on changes in cellular metabolism following chemical exposure [Palmer, J. A., Smith, A. M., Egnash, L. A., Conard, K. R., West, P. R., Burrier, R. E., Donley, E. L. R., and Kirchner, F. R. (2013). Establishment and assessment of a new human embryonic stem cell-based biomarker assay for developmental toxicity screening. Birth Defects Res. B Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. 98, 343-363]. Using this assay, we screened 1065 ToxCast phase I and II chemicals in single-concentration or concentration-response for the targeted biomarker (ratio of ornithine to cystine secreted or consumed from the media). The dataset from the Stemina (STM) assay is annotated in the ToxCast portfolio as STM. Major findings from the analysis of ToxCast_STM dataset include (1) 19% of 1065 chemicals yielded a prediction of developmental toxicity, (2) assay performance reached 79%-82% accuracy with high specificity (> 84%) but modest sensitivity (< 67%) when compared with in vivo animal models of human prenatal developmental toxicity, (3) sensitivity improved as more stringent weights of evidence requirements were applied to the animal studies, and (4) statistical analysis of the most potent chemical hits on specific biochemical targets in ToxCast revealed positive and negative associations with the STM response, providing insights into the mechanistic underpinnings of the targeted endpoint and its biological domain. The results of this study will be useful to improving our ability to predict in vivo developmental toxicants based on in vitro data and in silico models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - E Sidney Hunter
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (NHEERL), Office of Research and Development (ORD), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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16
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Palmer JA, Smith AM, Gryshkova V, Donley ELR, Valentin JP, Burrier RE. A Targeted Metabolomics-Based Assay Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes Identifies Structural and Functional Cardiotoxicity Potential. Toxicol Sci 2021; 174:218-240. [PMID: 32040181 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Implementing screening assays that identify functional and structural cardiotoxicity earlier in the drug development pipeline has the potential to improve safety and decrease the cost and time required to bring new drugs to market. In this study, a metabolic biomarker-based assay was developed that predicts the cardiotoxicity potential of a drug based on changes in the metabolism and viability of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM). Assay development and testing was conducted in 2 phases: (1) biomarker identification and (2) targeted assay development. In the first phase, metabolomic data from hiPSC-CM spent media following exposure to 66 drugs were used to identify biomarkers that identified both functional and structural cardiotoxicants. Four metabolites that represent different metabolic pathways (arachidonic acid, lactic acid, 2'-deoxycytidine, and thymidine) were identified as indicators of cardiotoxicity. In phase 2, a targeted, exposure-based biomarker assay was developed that measured these metabolites and hiPSC-CM viability across an 8-point concentration curve. Metabolite-specific predictive thresholds for identifying the cardiotoxicity potential of a drug were established and optimized for balanced accuracy or sensitivity. When predictive thresholds were optimized for balanced accuracy, the assay predicted the cardiotoxicity potential of 81 drugs with 86% balanced accuracy, 83% sensitivity, and 90% specificity. Alternatively, optimizing the thresholds for sensitivity yields a balanced accuracy of 85%, 90% sensitivity, and 79% specificity. This new hiPSC-CM-based assay provides a paradigm that can identify structural and functional cardiotoxic drugs that could be used in conjunction with other endpoints to provide a more comprehensive evaluation of a drug's cardiotoxicity potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan M Smith
- Stemina Biomarker Discovery, Inc, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Vitalina Gryshkova
- UCB Biopharma SPRL, Investigative Toxicology, Development Science, B-1420 Braine L'Alleud, Belgium
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Valentin
- UCB Biopharma SPRL, Investigative Toxicology, Development Science, B-1420 Braine L'Alleud, Belgium
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17
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Olesti E, González-Ruiz V, Wilks MF, Boccard J, Rudaz S. Approaches in metabolomics for regulatory toxicology applications. Analyst 2021; 146:1820-1834. [PMID: 33605958 DOI: 10.1039/d0an02212h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Innovative methodological approaches are needed to conduct human health and environmental risk assessments on a growing number of marketed chemicals. Metabolomics is progressively proving its value as an efficient strategy to perform toxicological evaluations of new and existing substances, and it will likely become a key tool to accelerate chemical risk assessments. However, additional guidance with widely accepted and harmonized procedures is needed before metabolomics can be routinely incorporated in decision-making for regulatory purposes. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of metabolomic strategies that have been successfully employed in toxicity assessment as well as the most promising workflows in a regulatory context. First, we provide a general view of the different steps of regulatory toxicology-oriented metabolomics. Emphasis is put on three key elements: robustness of experimental design, choice of analytical platform, and use of adapted data treatment tools. Then, examples in which metabolomics supported regulatory toxicology outputs in different scenarios are reviewed, including chemical grouping, elucidation of mechanisms of toxicity, and determination of points of departure. The overall intention is to provide insights into why and how to plan and conduct metabolomic studies for regulatory toxicology purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eulalia Olesti
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
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18
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Wang L, Man S, Bian Y. Bioinformatics analysis of biomarkers of aristolochic acid-induced early nephrotoxicity in embryonic stem cells. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:508. [PMID: 33791017 PMCID: PMC8005694 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify key genes as potential biomarkers for early nephrotoxicity induced by aristolochic acid (AA) in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). An MTT assay was performed to determine the cytotoxicity of AA in ESCs. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the DNA-Chip Analyzer following microarray analysis. Gene Ontology analysis was performed to determine functional terms enriched by the DEGs in the categories biological process, cellular component and molecular function. Furthermore, the DEGs were subjected to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis to determine pathways they were accumulated in. Furthermore, a protein-protein interaction network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.2 software. Tumor protein 53 apoptosis effector (Perp), cation transport regulator-like 1 (Chac1), adrenoceptor β2 and Wnt6 were selected for confirmation by reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q) PCR analysis. A total of 72 DEGs (49 upregulated and 23 downregulated) were identified. The DEGs were enriched in functional terms and pathways associated with nephrotoxicity and participated in 92 pathways. A total of two hub genes, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (Fbp)1 and Fbp2, were filtered out from the interaction network. Perp and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1 were demonstrated to have vital roles in the p53 signaling pathway which was indicated in the interaction network. The results of the RT-qPCR analysis were consistent with the microarray data. Taken together, the present study suggested that hub genes involved in the p53 pathway, including Fbp1, Fbp2 and Perp, may serve as potential biomarkers for early nephrotoxicity induced by AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Pharmaceutical Sector, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Liver Disease, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Man
- Pharmaceutical Sector, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Liver Disease, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Yuhong Bian
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P.R. China
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19
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Sahni G, Chang S, Meng JTC, Tan JZY, Fatien JJC, Bonnard C, Utami KH, Chan PW, Tan TT, Altunoglu U, Kayserili H, Pouladi M, Reversade B, Toh Y. A Micropatterned Human-Specific Neuroepithelial Tissue for Modeling Gene and Drug-Induced Neurodevelopmental Defects. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2001100. [PMID: 33717833 PMCID: PMC7927627 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The generation of structurally standardized human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived neural embryonic tissues has the potential to model genetic and environmental mediators of early neurodevelopmental defects. Current neural patterning systems have so far focused on directing cell fate specification spatio-temporally but not morphogenetic processes. Here, the formation of a structurally reproducible and highly-organized neuroepithelium (NE) tissue is directed from hPSCs, which recapitulates morphogenetic cellular processes relevant to early neurulation. These include having a continuous, polarized epithelium and a distinct invagination-like folding, where primitive ectodermal cells undergo E-to-N-cadherin switching and apical constriction as they acquire a NE fate. This is accomplished by spatio-temporal patterning of the mesoendoderm, which guides the development and self-organization of the adjacent primitive ectoderm into the NE. It is uncovered that TGFβ signaling emanating from endodermal cells support tissue folding of the prospective NE. Evaluation of NE tissue structural dysmorphia, which is uniquely achievable in the model, enables the detection of apical constriction and cell adhesion dysfunctions in patient-derived hPSCs as well as differentiating between different classes of neural tube defect-inducing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Sahni
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering ProgramNational University of SingaporeSingapore119077Singapore
| | - Shu‐Yung Chang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology (iHealthTech)National University of SingaporeSingapore117599Singapore
| | - Jeremy Teo Choon Meng
- Divison of EngineeringNew York UniversityAbu Dhabi129188United Arab Emirates
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringNew York UniversityNew YorkNY11201USA
| | - Jerome Zu Yao Tan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering ProgramNational University of SingaporeSingapore119077Singapore
| | - Jean Jacques Clement Fatien
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering ProgramNational University of SingaporeSingapore119077Singapore
| | - Carine Bonnard
- Institute of Medical BiologyHuman Genetics and Embryology LaboratoryA*STARSingapore138648Singapore
| | - Kagistia Hana Utami
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM)Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR)Singapore138648Singapore
| | - Puck Wee Chan
- Istanbul Medical FacultyMedical Genetics DepartmentIstanbul34093Turkey
| | - Thong Teck Tan
- Institute of Medical BiologyHuman Genetics and Embryology LaboratoryA*STARSingapore138648Singapore
| | - Umut Altunoglu
- Istanbul Medical FacultyMedical Genetics DepartmentIstanbul34093Turkey
| | - Hülya Kayserili
- Istanbul Medical FacultyMedical Genetics DepartmentIstanbul34093Turkey
- Koç University School of MedicineMedical Genetics DepartmentIstanbul34010Turkey
| | - Mahmoud Pouladi
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM)Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR)Singapore138648Singapore
- Department of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore119228Singapore
| | - Bruno Reversade
- Institute of Medical BiologyHuman Genetics and Embryology LaboratoryA*STARSingapore138648Singapore
- Koç University School of MedicineMedical Genetics DepartmentIstanbul34010Turkey
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular BiologyA*STARSingapore138673Singapore
- Amsterdam Reproduction and DevelopmentAcademic Medical Centre and VU University Medical CenterAmsterdam1105the Netherlands
- National University of SingaporeDepartment of PediatricsSingapore119228Singapore
| | - Yi‐Chin Toh
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering ProgramNational University of SingaporeSingapore119077Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology (iHealthTech)National University of SingaporeSingapore117599Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for HealthNational University of SingaporeSingapore117456Singapore
- School of MechanicalMedical and Process EngineeringQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueensland4000Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical InnovationQueensland University of TechnologyKelvin GroveQueensland4059Australia
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20
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Wang ZJ, Zhu YY, Yi X, Zhou ZS, He YJ, Zhou Y, Qi ZH, Jin DN, Zhao LX, Luo XD. Bioguided isolation, identification and activity evaluation of antifungal compounds from Acorus tatarinowii Schott. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 261:113119. [PMID: 32679258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE As a traditional folk medicine, Acorus tatarinowii Schott was used to treat digestive diseases, such as diarrhea, which may be related to Candida albicans infection; however according to literature surveys, there have been few studies of A. tatarinowii focusing on its antimicrobial activity, and almost all describe investigations using crude extracts or fractions. AIM OF THE STUDY The aims of the current study were to isolate and identify antifungal fractions of A. tatarinowii based on their antifungal activity, explore the preliminary mechanism of 60% ethanol elution (AT60) by metabonomics, and evaluate the antifungal activity of AT60 in vivo and in vitro, to provide natural resources against fungal infections. MATERIALS AND METHODS As a pilot evaluation of activity, A. tatarinowii fractions and compounds with antifungal bioactivity were isolated by bioactive-guided column chromatography, and identified by LC-QTOF-MS/MS and NMR spectroscopy. The antifungal effects of the active ingredients against resistant C. albicans were evaluated by in vivo and in vitro colony forming unit assays. The mechanism underlying the activity of AT60 against C. albicans was explored using an LC-QTOF-based metabonomics approach and fluorescence microscopy imaging. RESULTS AT60 showed better activity against C. albicans than the same dose of the first line antifungal drugs, fluconazole and itraconazole (positive control drugs). Subsequent phytochemical investigation of AT60 identified twenty-five known compounds, six of which were isolated: asaraldehyde (7), 1-(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1,2-propanediol (12), α-asarone (14), β-asarone (15), γ-asarone (18), acotatarone C (19). Further, the compounds α-asarone (14) and acotatarone C (19) may be responsible for the antifungal activity, and exhibit synergistic effects. Metabonomics analysis indicated that AT60 can inhibit biofilm formation by regulating the C. albicans protein kinase C pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that A. tatarinowii has potent bioactivity against C. albicans in vitro and in vivo, and can be considered an antifungal botanic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yi
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Shun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Jie He
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Heng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Ni Jin
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Nembo EN, Hescheler J, Nguemo F. Stem cells in natural product and medicinal plant drug discovery-An overview of new screening approaches. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110730. [PMID: 32920519 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products remain a rich source of new drugs, and the search for bioactive molecules from nature continues to play an important role in the development of new medicines. Also, there is increasing use of herbal medicines for the treatment of a plethora of diseases, and demands for more scientific evidence for their efficacy and safety remains a huge challenge. The propensity of stem cells to differentiate into almost every cell type not only holds promise for the delivery of cell-based therapies for currently incurable diseases or a useful tool in studying cell physiology and pathophysiology. Increasingly, stem cells are becoming an important tool in preclinical drug screening and toxicity testing. In this review, we examine the scientific advances made towards the use of pluripotent stem cells as a model for the screening of plant-based medicines. The combination of well-established in vitro electrophysiological and a plethora of toxicogenomic technologies, together with the optimisation of culture methods of herbal plants and pluripotent stem cells can be explored to establish the basis for efficacy, and tissue/organ-based toxicities of many currently used medicinal plants whose efficacies and toxicities remain unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erastus Nembu Nembo
- Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Filomain Nguemo
- Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
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22
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Establishment of drug screening in human embryonic stem cells based on a high-content screening system. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2020; 106:106913. [PMID: 32822830 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2020.106913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
High-content screening (HCS) systems can be used for high-throughput screening of drugs in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). However, hESCs require immunofluorescence staining with stemness markers (e.g., Oct-4) prior to HCS, which can be time consuming and labor intensive. In this study, we employed transgenic hESCs with enhanced green fluorescent protein driven by stemness gene Oct-4 promoter (Oct-4-EGFP-H9), in which the colony area and relative green fluorescence area inferred a state of hESC proliferation and stemness, respectively. The Oct-4-EGFP-H9 transgenic hESCs were cultured in mTeSR medium with different concentrations of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), vitamin C (VC), or retinoic acid (RA) for 5-7 days, followed by repeated imaging using the HCS system. Finally, the hESC colony area and green fluorescence area were calculated. Results showed that 5-FU treatment markedly reduced colony area in a dose-dependent manner, whereas VC and RA treatments did not. MTT assay and flow cytometry indicated that 5-FU inhibited the proliferation of hESCs significantly, verifying reliability of the data from the HCS system based on colony area analysis. The green fluorescence to total colony area ratio decreased with RA treatment, suggesting that RA significantly promoted differentiation, whereas 5-FU and VC had almost no effect, as verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. In conclusion, our study established a rapid and efficient drug screening system without the requirement of staining based on HCS.
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23
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Witt G, Keminer O, Leu J, Tandon R, Meiser I, Willing A, Winschel I, Abt JC, Brändl B, Sébastien I, Friese MA, Müller FJ, Neubauer JC, Claussen C, Zimmermann H, Gribbon P, Pless O. An automated and high-throughput-screening compatible pluripotent stem cell-based test platform for developmental and reproductive toxicity assessment of small molecule compounds. Cell Biol Toxicol 2020; 37:229-243. [PMID: 32564278 PMCID: PMC8012336 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-020-09538-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The embryonic stem cell test (EST) represents the only validated and accepted in vitro system for the detection and classification of compounds according to their developmental and reproductive teratogenic potency. The widespread implementation of the EST, however, in particular for routine application in pharmaceutical development, has not been achieved so far. Several drawbacks still limit the high-throughput screening of potential drug candidates in this format: The long assay period, the use of non-homogeneous viability assays, the low throughput analysis of marker protein expression and the compatibility of the assay procedures to automation. We have therefore introduced several advancements into the EST workflow: A reduction of the assay period, an introduction of homogeneous viability assays, and a straightforward analysis of marker proteins by flow cytometry and high content imaging to assess the impact of small molecules on differentiation capacity. Most importantly, essential parts of the assay procedure have been adapted to lab automation in 96-well format, thus enabling the interrogation of several compounds in parallel. In addition, extensive investigations were performed to explore the predictive capacity of this next-generation EST, by testing a set of well-known embryotoxicants that encompasses the full range of chemical-inherent embryotoxic potencies possible. Due to these significant improvements, the augmented workflow provides a basis for a sensitive, more rapid, and reproducible high throughput screening compatible platform to predict in vivo developmental toxicity from in vitro data which paves the road towards application in an industrial setting. •The embryonic stem cell test to predict teratogenicity was made automation-compatible. •Several key improvements to the assay procedure have been introduced to increase performance. •The workflow was adapted to human iPS cells and isogenic fibroblast donor cells. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesa Witt
- Fraunhofer IME ScreeningPort, Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Keminer
- Fraunhofer IME ScreeningPort, Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Leu
- Fraunhofer IME ScreeningPort, Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rashmi Tandon
- Fraunhofer IME ScreeningPort, Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ina Meiser
- Fraunhofer IBMT, 66280, Sulzbach, Saar, Germany
| | - Anne Willing
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Winschel
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jana-Christin Abt
- Fraunhofer IME ScreeningPort, Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Brändl
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, ZIP gGmbH, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Manuel A Friese
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Müller
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, ZIP gGmbH, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Carsten Claussen
- Fraunhofer IME ScreeningPort, Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heiko Zimmermann
- Fraunhofer IBMT, 66280, Sulzbach, Saar, Germany.,Lehrstuhl für Molekulare und Zelluläre Biotechnologie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Fakultät für Meereswissenschaften, Universidad Católica del Norte, CL-1781421, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Philip Gribbon
- Fraunhofer IME ScreeningPort, Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ole Pless
- Fraunhofer IME ScreeningPort, Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525, Hamburg, Germany.
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24
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Li ASW, Marikawa Y. Methoxyacetic acid inhibits histone deacetylase and impairs axial elongation morphogenesis of mouse gastruloids in a retinoic acid signaling-dependent manner. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:1043-1056. [PMID: 32496642 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teratogenic potential has been linked to various industrial compounds. Methoxyacetic acid (MAA) is a primary metabolite of the widely used organic solvent and plasticizer, methoxyethanol and dimethoxyethyl phthalate, respectively. Studies using model animals have shown that MAA acts as the proximate teratogen that causes various malformations in developing embryos. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms by which MAA exerts its teratogenic effects are not fully understood. METHODS Gastruloids of mouse P19C5 pluripotent stem cells, which recapitulate axial elongation morphogenesis of gastrulation-stage embryos, were explored as an in vitro model to investigate the teratogenic action of MAA. Morphometric parameters of gastruloids were measured to evaluate the morphogenetic effect, and transcript levels of various developmental regulator genes were examined to assess the impact on gene expression patterns. The effects of MAA on the level of retinoic acid (RA) signaling and histone deacetylase activity were also measured. RESULTS MAA reduced axial elongation of gastruloids at concentrations comparable to the teratogenic plasma level (5 mM) in vivo. MAA at 4 mM significantly altered the expression profiles of developmental regulator genes. In particular, it upregulated the RA signaling target genes. The concomitant suppression of RA signaling using a pharmacological agent alleviated the morphogenetic effect of MAA. MAA at 4 mM also significantly reduced the activity of purified histone deacetylase protein. CONCLUSIONS MAA impaired axial elongation morphogenesis in a RA signaling-dependent manner in mouse gastruloids, possibly through the inhibition of histone deacetylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen S W Li
- Developmental and Reproductive Biology Graduate Program, Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Yusuke Marikawa
- Developmental and Reproductive Biology Graduate Program, Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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25
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Plazibat M, Katušić Bojanac A, Himerleich Perić M, Gamulin O, Rašić M, Radonić V, Škrabić M, Krajačić M, Krasić J, Sinčić N, Jurić-Lekić G, Balarin M, Bulić-Jakuš F. Embryo-derived teratoma in vitro biological system reveals antitumor and embryotoxic activity of valproate. FEBS J 2020; 287:4783-4800. [PMID: 32056377 PMCID: PMC7687280 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antiepileptic/teratogen valproate (VPA) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor/epigenetic drug proposed for the antitumor therapy where it is generally crucial to target poorly or undifferentiated cells to prevent a recurrence. Transplanted rodent gastrulating embryos‐proper (primitive streak and three germ layers) are the source of teratoma/teratocarcinoma tumors. Human primitive‐streak remnants develop sacrococcygeal teratomas that may recur even when benign (well differentiated). To screen for unknown VPA impact on teratoma‐type tumors, we used original 2‐week embryo‐derived teratoma in vitro biological system completed by a spent media metabolome analysis. Gastrulating 9.5‐day‐old rat embryos‐proper were cultivated in Eagle's minimal essential medium (MEM) with 50% rat serum (controls) or with the addition of 2 mmVPA. Spent media metabolomes were analyzed by FTIR. Compared to controls, VPA acetylated histones; significantly diminished overall teratoma growth, impaired survival, increased the apoptotic index, and decreased proliferation index and incidence of differentiated tissues (e.g., neural tissue). Control teratomas continued to grow and differentiate for 14 days in isotransplants in vivo, but in vitro VPA‐treated teratomas resorbed. Principal component analysis of FTIR results showed that spent media metabolomes formed well‐separated clusters reflecting the treatment and day of cultivation. In metabolomes of VPA‐treated teratomas, we found elevation of previously described histone acetylation biomarkers [amide I α‐helix and A(CH3)/A(CH2)]) with apoptotic biomarkers within the amide I region for β‐sheets, and unordered and CH2 vibrations of lipids. VPA may be proposed for therapy of the undifferentiated component of teratoma tumors and this biological system completed by metabolome analysis, for a faster dual screening of antitumor/embryotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milvija Plazibat
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Zabok, Croatia.,Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, Unit for Biomedical Investigation of Reproduction and Development, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia.,Dental Medicine and Health, School of Medicine, University of Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ana Katušić Bojanac
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, Unit for Biomedical Investigation of Reproduction and Development, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marta Himerleich Perić
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, Unit for Biomedical Investigation of Reproduction and Development, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ozren Gamulin
- Department of Physics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia.,Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Research Unit New Functional Materials, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Rašić
- Department of Physics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tumor Clinic,Clinical Hospital Center Sisters of Charity, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vedran Radonić
- Department of Physics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia.,Department Of Cardiology, Clinical Hospital Merkur, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Škrabić
- Department of Physics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia.,Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Research Unit New Functional Materials, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maria Krajačić
- Department of Physics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jure Krasić
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, Unit for Biomedical Investigation of Reproduction and Development, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nino Sinčić
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, Unit for Biomedical Investigation of Reproduction and Development, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordana Jurić-Lekić
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, Unit for Biomedical Investigation of Reproduction and Development, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Balarin
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, Unit for Biomedical Investigation of Reproduction and Development, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Physics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Floriana Bulić-Jakuš
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, Unit for Biomedical Investigation of Reproduction and Development, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
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26
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Mussap M, Loddo C, Fanni C, Fanos V. Metabolomics in pharmacology - a delve into the novel field of pharmacometabolomics. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2020; 13:115-134. [PMID: 31958027 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2020.1713750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Pharmacometabolomics is an emerging science pursuing the application of precision medicine. Combining both genetic and environmental factors, the so-called pharmacometabolomic approach guides patient selection and stratification in clinical trials and optimizes personalized drug dosage, improving efficacy and safety.Areas covered: This review illustrates the progressive introduction of pharmacometabolomics as an innovative solution for enhancing the discovery of novel drugs and improving research and development (R&D) productivity of the pharmaceutical industry. An extended analysis on published pharmacometabolomics studies both in animal models and humans includes results obtained in several areas such as hepatology, gastroenterology, nephrology, neuropsychiatry, oncology, drug addiction, embryonic cells, neonatology, and microbiomics.Expert opinion: a tailored, individualized therapy based on the optimization of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, the improvement of drug efficacy, and the abolition of drug toxicity and adverse drug reactions is a key issue in precision medicine. Genetics alone has become insufficient for deciphring intra- and inter-individual variations in drug-response, since they originate both from genetic and environmental factors, including human microbiota composition. The association between pharmacogenomics and pharmacometabolomics may be considered the new strategy for an in-deep knowledge on changes and alterations in human and microbial metabolic pathways due to the action of a drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Mussap
- Laboratory Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Fanni
- Division of Pediatrics, Rovigo Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Section, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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27
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Exposure-based assessment of chemical teratogenicity using morphogenetic aggregates of human embryonic stem cells. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 91:74-91. [PMID: 31711903 PMCID: PMC6980740 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells recapitulate many aspects of embryogenesis in vitro. Here, we established a novel culture system to differentiate human embryonic stem cell aggregates (HESCA), and evaluated its utility for teratogenicity assessment. Culture of HESCA with modulators of developmental signals induced morphogenetic and molecular changes associated with differentiation of the paraxial mesoderm and neuroectoderm. To examine impact of teratogenic exposures on HESCA differentiation, 18 compounds were tested, for which adequate information on in vivo plasma concentrations is available. HESCA treated with each compound were examined for gross morphology and transcript levels of 15 embryogenesis regulator genes. Significant alterations in the transcript levels were observed for 94% (15/16) of the teratogenic exposures within 5-fold margin, whereas no alteration was observed for 92% (11/12) of the non-teratogenic exposures. Our study demonstrates that transcriptional changes in HESCA serve as predictive indicator of teratogenicity in a manner comparable to in vivo exposure levels.
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28
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Sasaki E, Kusunoki H, Momose H, Furuhata K, Hosoda K, Wakamatsu K, Mizukami T, Hamaguchi I. Changes of urine metabolite profiles are induced by inactivated influenza vaccine inoculations in mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16249. [PMID: 31700085 PMCID: PMC6838172 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52686-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The safety evaluation of vaccines is critical to avoid the development of side effects in humans. To increase the sensitivity of detection for toxicity tests, it is important to capture not only pathological changes but also physiological changes. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analysis of biofluids produces profiles that show characteristic responses to changes in physiological status. In this study, mouse urine metabolomics analysis with 1H NMR was performed using different influenza vaccines of varying toxicity to assess the usefulness of 1H NMR in evaluating vaccine toxicity. Two types of influenza vaccines were used as model vaccines: a toxicity reference vaccine (RE) and a hemagglutinin split vaccine. According to the blood biochemical analyses, the plasma alanine transaminase levels were increased in RE-treated mice. Changes in metabolite levels between mice administered different types of influenza vaccines were observed in the 1H NMR spectra of urine, and a tendency toward dosage-dependent responses for some spectra was observed. Hierarchical clustering analyses and principal component analyses showed that the changes in various urine metabolite levels allowed for the classification of different types of vaccines. Among them, two liver-derived metabolites were shown to largely contribute to the formation of the cluster. These results demonstrate the possibility that urine metabolomics analysis could provide information about vaccine-induced toxicity and physiological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eita Sasaki
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan.
| | - Hideki Kusunoki
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Haruka Momose
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Keiko Furuhata
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Kazuo Hosoda
- Department of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Kaori Wakamatsu
- Department of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Takuo Mizukami
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan.
| | - Isao Hamaguchi
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
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29
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Axelrad DA, Setzer RW, Bateson TF, DeVito M, Dzubow RC, Fitzpatrick JW, Frame AM, Hogan KA, Houck K, Stewart M. Methods for evaluating variability in human health dose-response characterization. HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT : HERA 2019; 25:1-24. [PMID: 31404325 PMCID: PMC6688638 DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2019.1615828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The Reference Dose (RfD) and Reference Concentration (RfC) are human health reference values (RfVs) representing exposure concentrations at or below which there is presumed to be little risk of adverse effects in the general human population. The 2009 National Research Council report Science and Decisions recommended redefining RfVs as "a risk-specific dose (for example, the dose associated with a 1 in 100,000 risk of a particular end point)." Distributions representing variability in human response to environmental contaminant exposures are critical for deriving risk-specific doses. Existing distributions estimating the extent of human toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic variability are based largely on controlled human exposure studies of pharmaceuticals. New data and methods have been developed that are designed to improve estimation of the quantitative variability in human response to environmental chemical exposures. Categories of research with potential to provide new database useful for developing updated human variability distributions include controlled human experiments, human epidemiology, animal models of genetic variability, in vitro estimates of toxicodynamic variability, and in vitro-based models of toxicokinetic variability. In vitro approaches, with further development including studies of different cell types and endpoints, and approaches to incorporate non-genetic sources of variability, appear to provide the greatest opportunity for substantial near-term advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Axelrad
- Office of Policy, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
| | - R. Woodrow Setzer
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Thomas F. Bateson
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael DeVito
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca C. Dzubow
- Office of Children’s Health Protection, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Julie W. Fitzpatrick
- Office of the Science Advisor, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alicia M. Frame
- Office of Land and Emergency Management, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Karen A. Hogan
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Keith Houck
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Michael Stewart
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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30
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Shi X, Wang S, Jasbi P, Turner C, Hrovat J, Wei Y, Liu J, Gu H. Database-Assisted Globally Optimized Targeted Mass Spectrometry (dGOT-MS): Broad and Reliable Metabolomics Analysis with Enhanced Identification. Anal Chem 2019; 91:13737-13745. [PMID: 31556994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Shi
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, United States
| | - Shuai Wang
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, United States
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Paniz Jasbi
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, United States
| | - Cassidy Turner
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, United States
| | - Jonathan Hrovat
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, United States
| | - Yiping Wei
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, United States
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingping Liu
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, United States
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, United States
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Kim TW, Che JH, Yun JW. Use of stem cells as alternative methods to animal experimentation in predictive toxicology. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 105:15-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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The influence of maternal and infant nutrition on cardiometabolic traits: novel findings and future research directions from four Canadian birth cohort studies. Proc Nutr Soc 2019; 78:351-361. [PMID: 31140389 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665119000612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A mother's nutritional choices while pregnant may have a great influence on her baby's development in the womb and during infancy. There is evidence that what a mother eats during pregnancy interacts with her genes to affect her child's susceptibility to poor health outcomes including childhood obesity, pre-diabetes, allergy and asthma. Furthermore, after what an infant eats can change his or her intestinal bacteria, which can further influence the development of these poor outcomes. In the present paper, we review the importance of birth cohorts, the formation and early findings from a multi-ethnic birth cohort alliance in Canada and summarise our future research directions for this birth cohort alliance. We summarise a method for harmonising collection and analysis of self-reported dietary data across multiple cohorts and provide examples of how this birth cohort alliance has contributed to our understanding of gestational diabetes risk; ethnic and diet-influences differences in the healthy infant microbiome; and the interplay between diet, ethnicity and birth weight. Ongoing work in this birth cohort alliance will focus on the use of metabolomic profiling to measure dietary intake, discovery of unique diet-gene and diet-epigenome interactions, and qualitative interviews with families of children at risk of metabolic syndrome. Our findings to-date and future areas of research will advance the evidence base that informs dietary guidelines in pregnancy, infancy and childhood, and will be relevant to diverse and high-risk populations of Canada and other high-income countries.
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Zhao Y, Hou Y, Ji J, Khan F, Thundat T, Harrison DJ. Sample Preparation in Centrifugal Microfluidic Discs for Human Serum Metabolite Analysis by Surface Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2019; 91:7570-7577. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Yuting Hou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Jing Ji
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Faheem Khan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Thomas Thundat
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - D. Jed Harrison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
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Abstract
Developmental toxicity associated with exposure to exogenous compounds such as drugs and environmental chemicals can be assessed using a variety of different in vitro models, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. These models include cultured cells (Chapters 3 - 6 ), organ and tissue cultures (Chapters 7 and 8 ), and whole embryo cultures (Chapters 13 - 15 ) and typically support the guiding principles of the three Rs: replace, reduce, and refine. These models can be used in early chemical screens and have helped further our understanding into the mechanisms associated with developmental toxicity following exposure to many chemicals.
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Chen C, Fu YH, Li MH, Ruan LY, Xu H, Chen JF, Zhao WL, Meng HH, Xing YX, Hong W, Wang JS. Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics approach to evaluate preventive and therapeutic effects of Gastrodia elata Blume on chronic atrophic gastritis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 164:231-240. [PMID: 30391812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is one of the most common digestive system diseases worldwide which defined by WHO as initial step of cancer. Gastrodia elata Blume (GEB) is a traditional herbal with multiple pharmacological activities which was widely used in Asian countries. This study aims to explore the preventive and therapeutical effects of Gastrodia elata Blume on auto-immune induced CAG in rats. Tissues of stomachs were collected and submitted to 1H NMR-based metabolomics analysis and histopathological inspection. The biochemical indexes of MDA, SOD, GSH, NO and XOD were measured. Gastrodia elata Blume could apparently ameliorate the damaged gastric glands and the biochemical parameters, enhance gastric acid secretion, and significantly relieve the inflammation of the stomach. Orthogonal signal correction-partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OSC-PLS-DA) of NMR profiles and correlation network analysis revealed that Gastrodia elata Blume could effectively treat CAG via regulating energy and purine metabolisms, and by anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Yong-Hong Fu
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Ming-Hui Li
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Ling-Yu Ruan
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Han Xu
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jian-Feng Chen
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Wen-Long Zhao
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Hui-Hui Meng
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Yue-Xiao Xing
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Wei Hong
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jun-Song Wang
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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Abstract
Birth defects are a common occurrence in the United States and worldwide. Currently, evaluation of potential developmental toxicants (i.e., teratogens) relies heavily on animal-based models which do not always adequately mimic human development. In order to address this, researchers are developing in vitro human-based models which utilize human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to assess the teratogenic potential of chemical substances. The field of human developmental toxicity assays includes a variety of platforms including monolayer, micropattern, embryoid body, and 3D organoid cultures. In this review, we will overview the field of human teratogenic assays, detail the most recent advances, and discuss current limitations and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Worley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotech 2147, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
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Hong W, Liu Y, Li MH, Xing YX, Chen T, Fu YH, Jiang L, Zhao H, Jia AQ, Wang JS. In vivo toxicology of carbon dots by 1H NMR-based metabolomics. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:834-847. [PMID: 30310661 PMCID: PMC6116185 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00049b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to the promising applications of C-dots in biomedical engineering, concerns about their safety have drawn increasing attention recently. In this study, mice were intraperitoneally injected at different C-dot concentrations (0, 6.0, 12.0 and 24.0 mg kg-1) once every 2 days for 30 days. A 1H NMR-based metabolic approach supplemented with biochemical analysis and histopathology was used for the first time to explore the toxicity of C-dots in vivo. Histopathological inspection revealed that C-dots did not induce any obvious impairment in tissues. Biochemical assays showed no significant alterations of most measured biochemical parameters in tissues and serum, except for a slight reduction of the albumin level in serum as well as AChE activity in the liver and kidneys. Orthogonal signal correction-partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OSC-PLS-DA) of NMR profiles supplemented with correlation network analysis and SUS-plots disclosed that C-dots not only triggered the immune system but also disturbed the function of cell membranes as well as the normal liver clearance, indicating that the 1H NMR based metabolomics approach provided deep insights into the toxicity of C-dots in vivo and gained an advantage over traditional toxicological means, and should be helpful for the understanding of its toxic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hong
- Center for Molecular Metabolism , School of Environmental and Biological Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , PR China . ; Tel: +86 25 8327 1402
| | - Yan Liu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism , School of Environmental and Biological Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , PR China . ; Tel: +86 25 8327 1402
| | - Ming-Hui Li
- Center for Molecular Metabolism , School of Environmental and Biological Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , PR China . ; Tel: +86 25 8327 1402
| | - Yue-Xiao Xing
- Center for Molecular Metabolism , School of Environmental and Biological Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , PR China . ; Tel: +86 25 8327 1402
| | - Ting Chen
- Center for Molecular Metabolism , School of Environmental and Biological Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , PR China . ; Tel: +86 25 8327 1402
| | - Yong-Hong Fu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism , School of Environmental and Biological Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , PR China . ; Tel: +86 25 8327 1402
| | - Lei Jiang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism , School of Environmental and Biological Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , PR China . ; Tel: +86 25 8327 1402
| | - He Zhao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism , School of Environmental and Biological Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , PR China . ; Tel: +86 25 8327 1402
| | - Ai-Qun Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea , Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education , Hainan University , Haikou , China
| | - Jun-Song Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism , School of Environmental and Biological Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , PR China . ; Tel: +86 25 8327 1402
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Luz AL, Tokar EJ. Pluripotent Stem Cells in Developmental Toxicity Testing: A Review of Methodological Advances. Toxicol Sci 2018; 165:31-39. [PMID: 30169765 PMCID: PMC6111785 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Millions of children are born each year with a birth defect. Many of these defects are caused by environmental factors, although the underlying etiology is often unknown. In vivo mammalian models are frequently used to determine if a chemical poses a risk to the developing fetus. However, there are over 80 000 chemicals registered for use in the United States, many of which have undergone little safety testing, necessitating the need for higher-throughput methods to assess developmental toxicity. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are an ideal in vitro model to investigate developmental toxicity as they possess the capacity to differentiate into nearly any cell type in the human body. Indeed, a burst of research has occurred in the field of stem cell toxicology over the past decade, which has resulted in numerous methodological advances that utilize both mouse and human PSCs, as well as cutting-edge technology in the fields of metabolomics, transcriptomics, transgenics, and high-throughput imaging. Here, we review the wide array of approaches used to detect developmental toxicants, suggest areas for further research, and highlight critical aspects of stem cell biology that should be considered when utilizing PSCs in developmental toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony L Luz
- Stem Cell Toxicology Group, National Toxicology Program Laboratory, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Erik J Tokar
- Stem Cell Toxicology Group, National Toxicology Program Laboratory, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
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Abstract
The development of stem cell biology has revolutionized regenerative medicine and its clinical applications. Another aspect through which stem cells would benefit human health is their use in toxicology. In fact, owing to their ability to differentiate into all the lineages of the human body, including germ cells, stem cells, and, in particular, pluripotent stem cells, can be utilized for the assessment, in vitro, of embryonic, developmental, reproductive, organ, and functional toxicities, relevant to human physiology, without employing live animal tests and with the possibility of high throughput applications. Thus, stem cell toxicology would tremendously assist in the toxicological evaluation of the increasing number of synthetic chemicals that we are exposed to, of which toxicity information is limited. In this review, we introduce stem cell toxicology, as an emerging branch of in vitro toxicology, which offers quick and efficient alternatives to traditional toxicology assessments. We first discuss the development of stem cell toxicology, and we then emphasize its advantages and highlight the achievements of human pluripotent stem cell-based toxicity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Liu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China .,2 College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Nuoya Yin
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China .,2 College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Francesco Faiola
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China .,2 College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, P.R. China
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Fu Y, Si Z, Li P, Li M, Zhao H, Jiang L, Xing Y, Hong W, Ruan L, Wang JS. Acute psychoactive and toxic effects of D. metel on mice explained by 1H NMR based metabolomics approach. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1295-1309. [PMID: 28584907 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Datura metel L. (D. metel) is one well-known folk medical herb with wide application and also the most abused plants all over the world, mainly for spiritual or religious purpose, over-dosing of which often produces poisonous effects. In this study, mice were orally administered with the extract of D. metel once a day at doses for 10 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg for consecutive 4 days, 1H NMR based metabolomics approach aided with histopathological inspection and biochemical assays were used for the first time to study the psychoactive and toxic effects of D. metel. Histopathological inspection revealed obvious hypertrophy of hepatocytes, karyolysis and karyorrhexis in livers as well as distinct nerve cell edema, chromatolysis and lower nuclear density in brains. The increased tissue level of methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), decreased tissue level of glutathione (GSH) along with increased serum level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) suggested brain and liver injury induced by D. metel. Orthogonal signal correction-partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OSC-PLS-DA) of NMR profiles supplemented with correlation network analysis revealed significant altered metabolites and related pathway that contributed to oxidative stress, energy metabolism disturbances, neurotransmitter imbalance and amino acid metabolism disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Fu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Si
- Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shu Shan Hu Road, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Pumin Li
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Li
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - He Zhao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuexiao Xing
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Hong
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyu Ruan
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Song Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China.
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41
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Kugler J, Huhse B, Tralau T, Luch A. Embryonic stem cells and the next generation of developmental toxicity testing. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2017; 13:833-841. [PMID: 28675072 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2017.1351548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The advent of stem cell technology has seen the establishment of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) as molecular model systems and screening tools. Although ESCs are nowadays widely used in research, regulatory implementation for developmental toxicity testing is pending. Areas Covered: This review evaluates the performance of current ESC, including human (h)ESC testing systems, trying to elucidate their potential for developmental toxicity testing. It shall discuss defining parameters and mechanisms, their relevance and contemplate what can realistically be expected. Crucially this includes the question of how to ascertain the quality of currently employed cell lines and tests based thereon. Finally, the use of hESCs will raise ethical concerns which should be addressed early on. Expert Opinion: While the suitability of (h)ESCs as tools for research and development goes undisputed, any routine use for developmental toxicity testing currently still seems premature. The reasons for this comprise inherent biological deficiencies as well as cell line quality and system validation. Overcoming these issues will require collaboration of scientists, test developers and regulators. Also, validation needs to be made worthwhile for academia. Finally we have to continuously rethink existing strategies, making room for improved testing and innovative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Kugler
- a Department of Chemical & Product Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Berlin , Germany
| | - Bettina Huhse
- a Department of Chemical & Product Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Berlin , Germany
| | - Tewes Tralau
- a Department of Chemical & Product Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Berlin , Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- a Department of Chemical & Product Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Berlin , Germany
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42
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Kostidis S, Addie RD, Morreau H, Mayboroda OA, Giera M. Quantitative NMR analysis of intra- and extracellular metabolism of mammalian cells: A tutorial. Anal Chim Acta 2017. [PMID: 28622799 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics analysis of body fluids as well as cells is depended on many factors. While several well-accepted standard operating procedures for the analysis of body fluids are available, the NMR based quantitative analysis of cellular metabolites is less well standardized. Experimental designs depend on the cell type, the quenching protocol and the applied post-acquisition workflow. Here, we provide a tutorial for the quantitative description of the metabolic phenotype of mammalian cells using NMR spectroscopy. We discuss all key steps of the process, starting from the selection of the appropriate culture medium, quenching techniques to arrest metabolism in a reproducible manner, the extraction of the intracellular components and the profiling of the culture medium. NMR data acquisition and methods for both qualitative and quantitative analysis are also provided. The suggested methods cover experiments for adherent cells and cells in suspension. We ultimately describe the application of the discussed workflow to a thyroid cancer cell line. Although this tutorial focuses on mammalian cells, the given guidelines and procedures may be adjusted for the analysis of other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarantos Kostidis
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Ruben D Addie
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Morreau
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Oleg A Mayboroda
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Bhute VJ, Bao X, Palecek SP. Advances in Applications of Metabolomics in Pluripotent Stem Cell Research. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2017; 15:36-43. [PMID: 28729963 PMCID: PMC5513531 DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells undergo extensive metabolic rewiring during reprogramming, proliferation and differentiation, and numerous studies have demonstrated a significant role of metabolism in controlling stem cell fates. Recent applications of metabolomics, the study of concentrations and fluxes of small molecules in cells, have advanced efforts to characterize and maturate stem cell fates, assess drug toxicity in stem cell tissue models, identify biomarkers, and study the effects of environment on metabolic pathways in stem cells and their progeny. Looking to the future, combining metabolomics with other -omics approaches will provide a deeper understanding of the complex regulatory mechanisms of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijesh J Bhute
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI-53706, USA
| | - Xiaoping Bao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI-53706, USA
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI-53706, USA
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44
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Putnam JG, Nelson JE, Leis EM, Erickson RA, Hubert TD, Amberg JJ. Using silver and bighead carp cell lines for the identification of a unique metabolite fingerprint from thiram-specific chemical exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 168:1477-1485. [PMID: 27923506 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Conservation biology often requires the control of invasive species. One method is the development and use of biocides. Identifying new chemicals as part of the biocide registration approval process can require screening millions of compounds. Traditionally, screening new chemicals has been done in vivo using test organisms. Using in vitro (e.g., cell lines) and in silico (e.g., computer models) methods decrease test organism requirements and increase screening speed and efficiency. These methods, however, would be greatly improved by better understanding how individual fish species metabolize selected compounds. We combined cell assays and metabolomics to create a powerful tool to facilitate the identification of new control chemicals. Specifically, we exposed cell lines established from bighead carp and silver carp larvae to thiram (7 concentrations) then completed metabolite profiling to assess the dose-response of the bighead carp and silver carp metabolome to thiram. Forty one of the 700 metabolomic markers identified in bighead carp exhibited a dose-response to thiram exposure compared to silver carp in which 205 of 1590 metabolomic markers exhibited a dose-response. Additionally, we identified 11 statistically significant metabolomic markers based upon volcano plot analysis common between both species. This smaller subset of metabolites formed a thiram-specific metabolomic fingerprint which allowed for the creation of a toxicant specific, rather than a species-specific, metabolomic fingerprint. Metabolomic fingerprints may be used in biocide development and improve our understanding of ecologically significant events, such as mass fish kills.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric M Leis
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Onalaska, WI 54650, USA
| | | | | | - Jon J Amberg
- U.S. Geological Survey, La Crosse, WI 54603, USA
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Abstract
Although safety of drug candidates is carefully monitored in preclinical and clinical studies using a variety of approaches, drug toxicity may still occur in clinical practice. Therefore, novel approaches are needed to complement the current drug safety evaluation system. Metabolomics comprehensively analyzes the metabolites altered by drug exposure, which can therefore be used to profile drug metabolism, endobiotic metabolism, and drug-microbiota interactions. The information from metabolomic analysis can be used to determine the off-targets of a drug candidate, and thus provide a mechanistic understanding of drug toxicity. We herein discuss the opportunities of metabolomics in drug safety evaluation.
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46
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Yao X, Yin N, Faiola F. Stem cell toxicology: a powerful tool to assess pollution effects on human health. Natl Sci Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nww089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractEnvironmental pollution is a global problem; the lack of comprehensive toxicological assessments may lead to increased health risks. To fully understand the health effects of pollution, it is paramount to implement fast, efficient and specific toxicity screening that relies on human models rather than on time-consuming, expensive and often inaccurate tests involving live animals. Human stem cell toxicology represents a valid alternative to traditional toxicity assays because it takes advantage of the ability of stem cells to differentiate into multiple cell types and tissues of the human body. Thus, this branch of toxicology provides a possibility to assess cellular, embryonic, developmental, reproductive and functional toxicity in vitro within a single system highly relevant to human physiology. In this review, we describe the development, performance and future perspectives of stem cell toxicology, with an emphasis on how it can meet the increasing challenges posed by environmental pollution in the modern world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglei Yao
- Stake Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nuoya Yin
- Stake Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Francesco Faiola
- Stake Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Schmidt BZ, Lehmann M, Gutbier S, Nembo E, Noel S, Smirnova L, Forsby A, Hescheler J, Avci HX, Hartung T, Leist M, Kobolák J, Dinnyés A. In vitro acute and developmental neurotoxicity screening: an overview of cellular platforms and high-throughput technical possibilities. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:1-33. [PMID: 27492622 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1805-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Neurotoxicity and developmental neurotoxicity are important issues of chemical hazard assessment. Since the interpretation of animal data and their extrapolation to man is challenging, and the amount of substances with information gaps exceeds present animal testing capacities, there is a big demand for in vitro tests to provide initial information and to prioritize for further evaluation. During the last decade, many in vitro tests emerged. These are based on animal cells, human tumour cell lines, primary cells, immortalized cell lines, embryonic stem cells, or induced pluripotent stem cells. They differ in their read-outs and range from simple viability assays to complex functional endpoints such as neural crest cell migration. Monitoring of toxicological effects on differentiation often requires multiomics approaches, while the acute disturbance of neuronal functions may be analysed by assessing electrophysiological features. Extrapolation from in vitro data to humans requires a deep understanding of the test system biology, of the endpoints used, and of the applicability domains of the tests. Moreover, it is important that these be combined in the right way to assess toxicity. Therefore, knowledge on the advantages and disadvantages of all cellular platforms, endpoints, and analytical methods is essential when establishing in vitro test systems for different aspects of neurotoxicity. The elements of a test, and their evaluation, are discussed here in the context of comprehensive prediction of potential hazardous effects of a compound. We summarize the main cellular characteristics underlying neurotoxicity, present an overview of cellular platforms and read-out combinations assessing distinct parts of acute and developmental neurotoxicology, and highlight especially the use of stem cell-based test systems to close gaps in the available battery of tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béla Z Schmidt
- BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, Hungary.,Stem Cell Biology and Embryology Unit, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martin Lehmann
- BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, Hungary.,Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simon Gutbier
- Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair for In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
| | - Erastus Nembo
- BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, Hungary.,Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sabrina Noel
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lena Smirnova
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna Forsby
- Swedish Toxicology Research Center (Swetox), Södertälje, Sweden.,Department of Neurochemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hasan X Avci
- BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, Hungary.,Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marcel Leist
- Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair for In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
| | | | - András Dinnyés
- BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, Hungary. .,Molecular Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Szent István University, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary.
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GC-TOF/MS-based metabolomics approach to study the cellular immunotoxicity of deoxynivalenol on murine macrophage ANA-1 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 256:94-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Rezvanfar MA, Hodjat M, Abdollahi M. Growing knowledge of using embryonic stem cells as a novel tool in developmental risk assessment of environmental toxicants. Life Sci 2016; 158:137-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Handral HK, Tong HJ, Islam I, Sriram G, Rosa V, Cao T. Pluripotent stem cells: An in vitro model for nanotoxicity assessments. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 36:1250-8. [PMID: 27241574 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The advent of technology has led to an established range of engineered nanoparticles that are used in diverse applications, such as cell-cell interactions, cell-material interactions, medical therapies and the target modulation of cellular processes. The exponential increase in the utilization of nanomaterials and the growing number of associated criticisms has highlighted the potential risks of nanomaterials to human health and the ecosystem. The existing in vivo and in vitro platforms show limitations, with fluctuations being observed in the results of toxicity assessments. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are viable source of cells that are capable of developing into specialized cells of the human body. PSCs can be efficiently used to screen new biomaterials/drugs and are potential candidates for studying impairments of biophysical morphology at both the cellular and tissue levels during interactions with nanomaterials and for diagnosing toxicity. Three-dimensional in vitro models obtained using PSC-derived cells would provide a realistic, patient-specific platform for toxicity assessments and in drug screening applications. The current review focuses on PSCs as an alternative in vitro platform for assessing the hazardous effects of nanomaterials on health systems and highlights the importance of PSC-derived in vitro platforms. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish K Handral
- Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huei Jinn Tong
- Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Intekhab Islam
- Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gopu Sriram
- Experimental Dermatology Laboratory, Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Vinicus Rosa
- Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tong Cao
- Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,National University of Singapore, Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Singapore.,Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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