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Tang Y, Li H, Tang J, Hu L, Ma F, Liu Y, Tang F. Effects of total saikosaponins on CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 in HepaRG cells. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:217. [PMID: 38590569 PMCID: PMC11000459 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Total saikosaponins (TSS) form a group of chemically and biologically active components that can be extracted from Bupleurum, with reported antidepressive, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antiendotoxin, antitumor, anti-pulmonary fibrosis and anti-gastric ulcer effects. Bupleurum or TSS is frequently utilized in clinical practice alongside other medications (such as entecavir, lamivudine, compound paracetamol and amantadine hydrochloride capsules), leading to an increased risk of drug-drug interactions. The cytochrome P450 (CYP) family serves a critical role in the metabolism of numerous essential drugs (such as tamoxifen, ibuprofen and phenytoin), where the majority of drug interactions involve CYP-mediated metabolism. It is therefore essential to understand the effects of key components of Bupleurum on CYPs when administering combination therapies containing TSS or Bupleurum. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of TSS on the mRNA and protein expression of CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 in HepaRG cells. The effects of TSS on the survival of HepaRG cells was investigated using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) method. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot (WB) analysis were used to assess the effects of different concentrations of TSS (0, 5, 10 and 15 µg/ml) on CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 mRNA and protein expression in HepaRG cells. Based on the CCK-8 assay results, it was observed that the cell viability remained above 80% when treated with 1, 5, 10 and 15 µg/ml TSS. Although there was a statistically significant reduced cell viability at TSS concentrations of 10 and 15 µg/ml compared with the control group, the findings indicated that TSS did not exhibit notable cytotoxic effects at these concentrations. Furthermore, RT-qPCR results revealed that compared with those in the control group, TSS at concentrations of 10 and 15 µg/ml reduced CYP3A4 mRNA expression but increased CYP1A2 mRNA expression in HepaRG cells at concentrations of 15 µg/ml. WB analysis found that TSS at concentrations of 10 and 15 µg/ml downregulated CYP3A4 protein expression in HepaRG cells while increasing CYP1A2 protein expression at concentrations of 15 µg/ml. Results in the present study suggest that TSS can inhibit CYP3A4 mRNA and protein expression, but exerts opposite effects on their CYP1A2 counterparts. These findings suggest that it is necessary to consider drug interactions between clinical preparations containing TSS or Bupleurum and drugs metabolized by CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 to avoid potential adverse drug reactions in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Meitan People's Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 564100, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Zunyi City, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, P.R. China
| | - Hongfang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Zunyi City, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Tang
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Lei Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Zunyi City, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, P.R. China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, P.R. China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, P.R. China
| | - Feifei Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Meitan People's Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 564100, P.R. China
| | - Yanmiao Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Zunyi City, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, P.R. China
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, P.R. China
| | - Fushan Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Zunyi City, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, P.R. China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, P.R. China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, P.R. China
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2
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Malekpour K, Hazrati A, Soudi S, Hashemi SM. Mechanisms behind therapeutic potentials of mesenchymal stem cell mitochondria transfer/delivery. J Control Release 2023; 354:755-769. [PMID: 36706838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) perform their therapeutic effects through various mechanisms, including their ability to differentiate, producing different growth factors, immunomodulatory factors, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). In addition to the mentioned mechanisms, a new aspect of the therapeutic potential of MSCs has recently been noticed, which occurs through mitochondrial transfer. Various methods of MSCs mitochondria transfer have been used in studies to benefit from their therapeutic potential. Among these methods, mitochondrial transfer after MSCs transplantation in cell-to-cell contact, EVs-mediated transfer of mitochondria, and the use of MSCs isolated mitochondria (MSCs-mt) are well studied. Pathological conditions can affect the cells in the damaged microenvironment and lead to cells mitochondrial damage. Since the defect in the mitochondrial function of the cell leads to a decrease in ATP production and the subsequent cell death, restoring the mitochondrial content, functions, and hemostasis can affect the functions of the damaged cell. Various studies show that the transfer of MSCs mitochondria to other cells can affect vital processes such as proliferation, differentiation, cell metabolism, inflammatory responses, cell senescence, cell stress, and cell migration. These changes in cell attributes and behavior are very important for therapeutic purposes. For this reason, their investigation can play a significant role in the direction of the researchers'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosar Malekpour
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hazrati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Soudi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran..
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3
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Casas B, Vilén L, Bauer S, Kanebratt KP, Wennberg Huldt C, Magnusson L, Marx U, Andersson TB, Gennemark P, Cedersund G. Integrated experimental-computational analysis of a HepaRG liver-islet microphysiological system for human-centric diabetes research. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010587. [PMID: 36260620 PMCID: PMC9621595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Microphysiological systems (MPS) are powerful tools for emulating human physiology and replicating disease progression in vitro. MPS could be better predictors of human outcome than current animal models, but mechanistic interpretation and in vivo extrapolation of the experimental results remain significant challenges. Here, we address these challenges using an integrated experimental-computational approach. This approach allows for in silico representation and predictions of glucose metabolism in a previously reported MPS with two organ compartments (liver and pancreas) connected in a closed loop with circulating medium. We developed a computational model describing glucose metabolism over 15 days of culture in the MPS. The model was calibrated on an experiment-specific basis using data from seven experiments, where HepaRG single-liver or liver-islet cultures were exposed to both normal and hyperglycemic conditions resembling high blood glucose levels in diabetes. The calibrated models reproduced the fast (i.e. hourly) variations in glucose and insulin observed in the MPS experiments, as well as the long-term (i.e. over weeks) decline in both glucose tolerance and insulin secretion. We also investigated the behaviour of the system under hypoglycemia by simulating this condition in silico, and the model could correctly predict the glucose and insulin responses measured in new MPS experiments. Last, we used the computational model to translate the experimental results to humans, showing good agreement with published data of the glucose response to a meal in healthy subjects. The integrated experimental-computational framework opens new avenues for future investigations toward disease mechanisms and the development of new therapies for metabolic disorders. Microphysiological systems (MPS) are powerful tools to unravel biological knowledge underlying disease. MPS provide a physiologically relevant, human-based in vitro setting, which can potentially yield better translatability to humans than current animal models and traditional cell cultures. However, mechanistic interpretation and extrapolation of the experimental results to human outcome remain significant challenges. In this study, we confront these challenges using an integrated experimental-computational approach. We present a computational model describing glucose metabolism in a previously reported MPS integrating liver and pancreas. This MPS supports a homeostatic feedback loop between HepaRG/HHSteC spheroids and pancreatic islets, and allows for detailed investigations of mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes in humans. We show that the computational model captures the complex dynamics of glucose-insulin regulation observed in the system, and can provide mechanistic insight into disease progression features, such as insulin resistance and β-cell dynamics. Furthermore, the computational model can explain key differences in temporal dynamics between MPS and human responses, and thus provides a tool for translating experimental insights into human outcome. The integrated experimental-computational framework opens new avenues for future investigations toward disease mechanisms and the development of new therapies for metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Casas
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Liisa Vilén
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Kajsa P. Kanebratt
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Wennberg Huldt
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lisa Magnusson
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Tommy B. Andersson
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Gennemark
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Cedersund
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Ferreira SS, Martins-Gomes C, Nunes FM, Silva AM. Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) extracts promote anti-inflammatory and cellular antioxidant activity. Food Chem X 2022; 15:100437. [PMID: 36211754 PMCID: PMC9532789 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracts of Sambucus nigra berries have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Elderberries prevented the oxidative damage induced by tert-butyl-hydroperoxide. Elderberries protect HepG2 and Caco-2 cells from t-BOOH-induced oxidative stress. Elderberry extracts prevented GSH depletion, ROS production, and DNA fragmentation. Elderberries can be considered a functional food or a sources of nutraceuticals.
Despite the high value of Portuguese elderberries, recognized for decades by European markets, only a few studies address their beneficial effects at cellular level. Aiming to explore the anti-inflammatory and the cellular antioxidant potential characterized extracts from the three main Portuguese elderberry cultivars (Sabugueiro, Sabugueira, Bastardeira) were used. Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells pre-exposed to elderberry extracts exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of nitric oxide release, evidencing anti-inflammatory activity. Concerning cellular antioxidant protection, HepG2 and Caco-2 cells pre-exposure to elderberry extracts (50 µg/mL) prevented up-to 90 % of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH)-induced toxicity. In Caco-2 cells, elderberry extracts prevented glutathione depletion, reactive oxygen species production, abnormal morphological changes and DNA fragmentation, in response to t-BOOH oxidative insult. Results demonstrated that elderberries have high potential in reducing cellular oxidative stress as well as in preventing inflammatory processes. Thus, elderberries have high potential as health promoters, acting as functional foods or as sources of nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine S. Ferreira
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Chemistry Research Center – Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Lab., University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Chemistry Research Center – Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Lab., University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fernando M. Nunes
- Chemistry Research Center – Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Lab., University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Corresponding authors at: Chemistry Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal (F.M. Nunes). Department of Biology and Environment (DeBA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal (A.M. Silva).
| | - Amélia M. Silva
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Biology and Environment, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Corresponding authors at: Chemistry Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal (F.M. Nunes). Department of Biology and Environment (DeBA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal (A.M. Silva).
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5
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Liu M, Dai Y, Song C, Wang J, Liu Y, Wang Q. Structural Characterization of a Pleurotus sajor-caju Polysaccharide and Its Neuroprotection Related to the Inhibition of Oxidative Stress. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194047. [PMID: 36235700 PMCID: PMC9573675 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel polysaccharide PSP2-1 was isolated and purified from Pleurotus sajor-caju. The structural characterization data displayed that the molecular weight of PSP2-1 was 44.9 kDa, and PSP2-1 consisted of fucose, galactose, glucose, and mannose. The methylation results showed that the glycosidic bonds of PSP2-1 included T-Fuc, 1,6-Gal, T-Glc, 1,6-Glc, 1,3,6-Glc, 1,3-Man, 1,2,6-Man, and T-Man. Neuroprotective studies indicated that PSP2-1 significantly improved the cell viability of the H2O2-induced oxidatively damaged neuronal cell HT22, reduced the release of LDH, inhibited apoptosis and release of cytochrome c, and alleviated the decline of mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS accumulation. Furthermore, PSP2-1 decreased the phosphorylation levels of cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase-3, and increased the ratio of bcl-2/bax. Additionally, PSP2-1 could inhibit the phosphorylation of MAPK family members including JNK, p38, and Erk. Finally, animal experiments showed that PSP2-1 could improve the oxidative stress injury and the learning and memory ability of mice with aging induced by D-galactose. Our results confirmed that PSP2-1 significantly ameliorated the oxidative stress injury, inhibited the apoptosis in H2O2-induced neuronal cells via MAPK pathway, and also improved cognition in mice with aging induced by D-galactose. Our research gives the foundation for the functional food application of P. sajor-caju polysaccharides in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yingdi Dai
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Chengming Song
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Guang’anmen Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Respiratory Department, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Q.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-431-84532989 (Y.L.); +86-431-84533269 (Q.W.)
| | - Qi Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Q.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-431-84532989 (Y.L.); +86-431-84533269 (Q.W.)
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6
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Fernandez-Checa JC, Bagnaninchi P, Ye H, Sancho-Bru P, Falcon-Perez JM, Royo F, Garcia-Ruiz C, Konu O, Miranda J, Lunov O, Dejneka A, Elfick A, McDonald A, Sullivan GJ, Aithal GP, Lucena MI, Andrade RJ, Fromenty B, Kranendonk M, Cubero FJ, Nelson LJ. Advanced preclinical models for evaluation of drug-induced liver injury - consensus statement by the European Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network [PRO-EURO-DILI-NET]. J Hepatol 2021; 75:935-959. [PMID: 34171436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a major cause of acute liver failure (ALF) and one of the leading indications for liver transplantation in Western societies. Given the wide use of both prescribed and over the counter drugs, DILI has become a major health issue for which there is a pressing need to find novel and effective therapies. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying DILI, our incomplete knowledge of its pathogenesis and inability to predict DILI is largely due to both discordance between human and animal DILI in preclinical drug development and a lack of models that faithfully recapitulate complex pathophysiological features of human DILI. This is exemplified by the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen (APAP) overdose, a major cause of ALF because of its extensive worldwide use as an analgesic. Despite intensive efforts utilising current animal and in vitro models, the mechanisms involved in the hepatotoxicity of APAP are still not fully understood. In this expert Consensus Statement, which is endorsed by the European Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network, we aim to facilitate and outline clinically impactful discoveries by detailing the requirements for more realistic human-based systems to assess hepatotoxicity and guide future drug safety testing. We present novel insights and discuss major players in APAP pathophysiology, and describe emerging in vitro and in vivo pre-clinical models, as well as advanced imaging and in silico technologies, which may improve prediction of clinical outcomes of DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose C Fernandez-Checa
- Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain; USC Research Center for ALPD, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United States, CA 90033.
| | - Pierre Bagnaninchi
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regenerative and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, EH16 4UU; School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Faraday Building, Colin Maclaurin Road, EH9 3 DW, Scotland, UK
| | - Hui Ye
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology & ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pau Sancho-Bru
- Instituto Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Juan M Falcon-Perez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain; Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia, 48160, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Bizkaia, 48015, Spain
| | - Felix Royo
- Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia, 48160, Spain
| | - Carmen Garcia-Ruiz
- Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain; USC Research Center for ALPD, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United States, CA 90033
| | - Ozlen Konu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Joana Miranda
- Research Institute for iMedicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Oleg Lunov
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandr Dejneka
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alistair Elfick
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 3DW, UK
| | - Alison McDonald
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 3DW, UK
| | - Gareth J Sullivan
- University of Oslo and the Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Hybrid Technology Hub-Center of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hosptial, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guruprasad P Aithal
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - M Isabel Lucena
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain; Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, UICEC SCReN, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Raul J Andrade
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Enfermedades Digestivas, Instituto de Investigación, Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Bernard Fromenty
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRAE, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Michel Kranendonk
- Center for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), Genetics, Oncology and Human Toxicology, NOVA Medical School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Francisco Javier Cubero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain; Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology & ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonard J Nelson
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regenerative and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, EH16 4UU; School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Faraday Building, Colin Maclaurin Road, EH9 3 DW, Scotland, UK; Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering (IB3), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences (EPS), Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH12 2AS, Scotland, UK.
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7
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Müller M, Gerndt S, Chao YK, Zisis T, Nguyen ONP, Gerwien A, Urban N, Müller C, Gegenfurtner FA, Geisslinger F, Ortler C, Chen CC, Zahler S, Biel M, Schaefer M, Grimm C, Bracher F, Vollmar AM, Bartel K. Gene editing and synthetically accessible inhibitors reveal role for TPC2 in HCC cell proliferation and tumor growth. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1119-1131.e27. [PMID: 33626324 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The role of two-pore channel 2 (TPC2), one of the few cation channels localized on endolysosomal membranes, in cancer remains poorly understood. Here, we report that TPC2 knockout reduces proliferation of cancer cells in vitro, affects their energy metabolism, and successfully abrogates tumor growth in vivo. Concurrently, we have developed simplified analogs of the alkaloid tetrandrine as potent TPC2 inhibitors by screening a library of synthesized benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives. Removal of dispensable substructures of the lead molecule tetrandrine increases antiproliferative properties against cancer cells and impairs proangiogenic signaling of endothelial cells to a greater extent than tetrandrine. Simultaneously, toxic effects on non-cancerous cells are reduced, allowing in vivo administration and revealing a TPC2 inhibitor with antitumor efficacy in mice. Hence, our study unveils TPC2 as valid target for cancer therapy and provides easily accessible tetrandrine analogs as a promising option for effective pharmacological interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Müller
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Gerndt
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Yu-Kai Chao
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Themistoklis Zisis
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ong Nam Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Aaron Gerwien
- Department of Chemistry and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Urban
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Müller
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Florian A Gegenfurtner
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Geisslinger
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Carina Ortler
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Cheng-Chang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 100 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Stefan Zahler
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Biel
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Schaefer
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Grimm
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Angelika M Vollmar
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Karin Bartel
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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8
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Li H, Tang Y, Wei W, Yin C, Tang F. Effects of saikosaponin-d on CYP3A4 in HepaRG cell and protein-ligand docking study. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 128:661-668. [PMID: 33369126 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Saikosaponin-d (SSd) is a major bioactive triterpenoid saponin extracted from Bupleurum, which has anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidative and anti-hepatic fibrosis effects. Due to the effects of Bupleurum-related formulations on cytochrome P450 (CYPs) expression still remain unclear, the combination therapies involved formulations containing Bupleurum may sometimes lead to unexpected drug-drug interactions in clinical practice. These interactions can limit the clinical applications of related formulations. In this study, we tried to explore the effects of SSd on CYP3A4 mRNA, protein expression and the enzyme activity in HepaRG cells by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blot (WB) and HPLC method, respectively. The interaction between SSd and CYP3A4 was analysed by molecular docking. HepaRG cells were cultured with different concentrations of SSd (0.5, 1, 5 and 10 μmol/L) for 72 hours. It is revealed that SSd can inhibit CYP3A4 mRNA and its protein expression, and also the enzyme activity. Molecular docking study demonstrated that SSd can bind to several key active sites of amino acid residues of CYP3A4 protein with hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Thus, drug-drug interactions resulted by SSd inhibiting CYP3A4 need attention when formulations containing SSd or Bupleurum are co-administrated with drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfang Li
- Department of Clinical Pharamcy, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Zunyi City, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yunyan Tang
- Department of Clinical Pharamcy, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Meitan People's Hospital, Zunyi, China
| | - Weipeng Wei
- Department of Clinical Pharamcy, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Zunyi City, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Chengchen Yin
- Department of Clinical Pharamcy, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Zunyi City, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Fushan Tang
- Department of Clinical Pharamcy, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Zunyi City, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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9
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Li H, Tang Y, Wang Y, Wei W, Yin C, Tang F. Effects of Saikosaponin D on CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 in HepaRG Cells. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:5251-5258. [PMID: 33273809 PMCID: PMC7708782 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s268358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Bupleurum is one of the most important traditional Chinese medicines and an ingredient in many compound preparations. It is widely used together with other drugs in clinical practice, and thus there is great potential for drug–drug interactions. Saikosaponin D (SsD) is a major bioactive triterpenoid saponin extracted from Bupleurum with anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidative, and antihepatic fibrosis effects. Effects of the main components of Bupleurum on cytochromes P450 (CYPs) need to be clarified in the clinical application of combination therapies of formulations containing SsD or Bupleurum. Purpose This study aimed to investigate the effects of SsD on the CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 mRNAs, protein expression, and relative enzyme activities in HepaRG cells. Methods HepaRG cells were cultured with SsD at concentrations of 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 μM for 72 hours. mRNA and protein expression of CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 were analyzed with real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. Relative enzyme activities were analyzed with HPLC based on consumption of the specific probe substrate. Results SsD significantly induced expression of mRNA and increased relative activity of CYP1A2 in HepaRG cells after the cells had been treated with SsD at concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 μM. SsD also induced protein expression of CYP1A2 at concentrations of 5 and 10 μM. SsD exhibited an inductive effect on CYP2D6 mRNA and protein expression, while increasing the relative activity of CYP2D6 at concentrations of 5 and 10 μM. Conclusion This study is the first to investigate the effect of SsD on CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 in HepaRG cells, and the results may provide some useful information on potential drug–drug interactions related to clinical preparations containing SsD or Bupleurum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfang Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Zunyi City, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyan Tang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy, Meitan People's Hospital, Zunyi 564100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Zunyi City, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weipeng Wei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Zunyi City, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengchen Yin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Zunyi City, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fushang Tang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Zunyi City, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, People's Republic of China
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10
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Schütz R, Müller M, Geisslinger F, Vollmar A, Bartel K, Bracher F. Synthesis, biological evaluation and toxicity of novel tetrandrine analogues. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112810. [PMID: 32942071 PMCID: PMC7473156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we present the design and synthesis of novel fully synthetic analogues of the bisbenzylisoquinoline tetrandrine, a molecule with numerous pharmacological properties and the potential to treat life-threatening diseases, such as viral infections and cancer. Its toxicity to liver and lungs and the underlying mechanisms, however, are controversially discussed. Along this line, novel tetrandrine analogues were synthesized and biologically evaluated for their hepatotoxicity, as well as their antiproliferative and chemoresistance reversing activity on cancer cells. Previous studies suggesting CYP-mediated toxification of tetrandrine prompted us to amend/replace the suspected metabolically instable 12-methoxy group. Of note, employing several in vitro models showed that the proposed CYP3A4-driven metabolism of tetrandrine and analogues is not the major cause of hepatotoxicity. Biological characterization revealed that some of the novel tetrandrine analogues sensitized drug-resistant leukemia cells by inhibition of the P-glycoprotein. Interestingly, direct anticancer effects improved in comparison to tetrandrine, as several compounds displayed a markedly enhanced ability to reduce proliferation of drug-resistant leukemia cells and to induce cell death of liver cancer cells. Those enhanced anticancer properties were linked to influences on activation of the kinase Akt and mitochondrial events. In sum, our study clarifies the role of CYP3A4-mediated toxicity of the bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid tetrandrine and provides the basis for the exploitation of novel synthetic analogues for their antitumoral potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Schütz
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Müller
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Geisslinger
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Angelika Vollmar
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Bartel
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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11
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Thompson KJ, Wessling-Resnick M. ZIP14 is degraded in response to manganese exposure. Biometals 2019; 32:829-843. [PMID: 31541377 PMCID: PMC7755095 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-019-00216-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential element necessary for proper development and brain function. Circulating Mn levels are regulated by hepatobiliary clearance to limit toxic levels and prevent tissue deposition. To characterize mechanisms involved in hepatocyte Mn uptake, polarized human HepaRG cells were used for this study. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy showed the Mn transporter ZIP14 was expressed and localized to the basolateral surface of polarized HepaRG cells. HepaRG cells took up 54Mn in a time- and temperature-dependent manner but uptake was reduced after exposure to Mn. This loss in transport activity was associated with decreased ZIP14 protein levels in response to Mn exposure. Mn-induced degradation of ZIP14 was blocked by bafilomycin A1, which increased localization of the transporter in Lamp1-positive vesicles. Mn exposure also down-regulated the Golgi proteins TMEM165 and GPP130 while the ER stress marker BiP was induced. These results indicate that Mn exposure decreases ZIP14 protein levels to limit subsequent uptake of Mn as a cytoprotective response. Thus, high levels of Mn may compromise first-pass-hepatic clearance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khristy J Thompson
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Marianne Wessling-Resnick
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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12
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Seleno-β-lactoglobulin (Se-β-Lg) induces mitochondria-dependant apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:5025-5031. [PMID: 31364020 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04953-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Selenium compounds have been widely investigated as novel anticancer agents due to high efficacy and selectivity against cancer cells in recent years. This study aimed to research the potential inhibitory effects of seleno-β-lactoglobulin (Se-β-Lg) on HepG2 cells in vitro. MTT results demonstrated that the synthetized Se-β-Lg exhibited strong antitumor activity on HepG2 cells with few side effects on human normal cells (LO2) and relatively weaker cytotoxic effects compared to inorganic selenium (SeO2). Scanning electron microscope (SEM), hoechst 33342/PI double staining, annexin V-FITC/PI staining and cell cycle detection results showed that Se-β-Lg could induce the apoptosis of HepG2 cells via arresting them in S and G2/M phases and lead to the obvious morphological changes (loss of adhesion, cell shrinkage, and membrane blebbing, membrane permeabilities and DNA fragmentation). Besides, JC-1 staining, western blotting (WB) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results showed that Se-β-Lg could gradually destroy the mitochondrial membrane potential of HepG2 cells, and finally resulting in the mitochondria-dependant apoptosis via up-regulation of Bax, Cytochrome c, Caspase-3 and down-regulation of Bcl-2. Our data could provide a theoretical basis for practical application of Se-β-Lg in food and drug industries.
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13
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Vlach M, Quesnot N, Dubois-Pot-Schneider H, Ribault C, Verres Y, Petitjean K, Rauch C, Morel F, Robin MA, Corlu A, Loyer P. Cytochrome P450 1A1/2, 2B6 and 3A4 HepaRG Cell-Based Biosensors to Monitor Hepatocyte Differentiation, Drug Metabolism and Toxicity. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19102245. [PMID: 31096615 PMCID: PMC6567340 DOI: 10.3390/s19102245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Human hepatoma HepaRG cells express most drug metabolizing enzymes and constitute a pertinent in vitro alternative cell system to primary cultures of human hepatocytes in order to determine drug metabolism and evaluate the toxicity of xenobiotics. In this work, we established novel transgenic HepaRG cells transduced with lentiviruses encoding the reporter green fluorescent protein (GFP) transcriptionally regulated by promoter sequences of cytochromes P450 (CYP) 1A1/2, 2B6 and 3A4 genes. Here, we demonstrated that GFP-biosensor transgenes shared similar expression patterns with the corresponding endogenous CYP genes during proliferation and differentiation in HepaRG cells. Interestingly, differentiated hepatocyte-like HepaRG cells expressed GFP at higher levels than cholangiocyte-like cells. Despite weaker inductions of GFP expression compared to the strong increases in mRNA levels of endogenous genes, we also demonstrated that the biosensor transgenes were induced by prototypical drug inducers benzo(a)pyrene and phenobarbital. In addition, we used the differentiated biosensor HepaRG cells to evidence that pesticide mancozeb triggered selective cytotoxicity of hepatocyte-like cells. Our data demonstrate that these new biosensor HepaRG cells have potential applications in the field of chemicals safety evaluation and the assessment of drug hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Vlach
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241, Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.V.); (N.Q.); (C.R.); (Y.V.); (K.P.); (C.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Nicolas Quesnot
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241, Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.V.); (N.Q.); (C.R.); (Y.V.); (K.P.); (C.R.); (A.C.)
| | | | - Catherine Ribault
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241, Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.V.); (N.Q.); (C.R.); (Y.V.); (K.P.); (C.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Yann Verres
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241, Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.V.); (N.Q.); (C.R.); (Y.V.); (K.P.); (C.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Kilian Petitjean
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241, Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.V.); (N.Q.); (C.R.); (Y.V.); (K.P.); (C.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Claudine Rauch
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241, Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.V.); (N.Q.); (C.R.); (Y.V.); (K.P.); (C.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Fabrice Morel
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241, Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.V.); (N.Q.); (C.R.); (Y.V.); (K.P.); (C.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Marie-Anne Robin
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241, Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.V.); (N.Q.); (C.R.); (Y.V.); (K.P.); (C.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Anne Corlu
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241, Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.V.); (N.Q.); (C.R.); (Y.V.); (K.P.); (C.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Pascal Loyer
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241, Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.V.); (N.Q.); (C.R.); (Y.V.); (K.P.); (C.R.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)223233873; Fax: +33-(0)299540137
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14
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Sun M, Wong JY, Nugraha B, Ananthanarayanan A, Liu Z, Lee F, Gupta K, Fong EL, Huang X, Yu H. Cleavable cellulosic sponge for functional hepatic cell culture and retrieval. Biomaterials 2019; 201:16-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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15
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Tascher G, Burban A, Camus S, Plumel M, Chanon S, Le Guevel R, Shevchenko V, Van Dorsselaer A, Lefai E, Guguen-Guillouzo C, Bertile F. In-Depth Proteome Analysis Highlights HepaRG Cells as a Versatile Cell System Surrogate for Primary Human Hepatocytes. Cells 2019; 8:E192. [PMID: 30795634 PMCID: PMC6406872 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Of the hepatic cell lines developed for in vitro studies of hepatic functions as alternatives to primary human hepatocytes, many have lost major liver-like functions, but not HepaRG cells. The increasing use of the latter worldwide raises the need for establishing the reference functional status of early biobanked HepaRG cells. Using deep proteome and secretome analyses, the levels of master regulators of the hepatic phenotype and of the structural elements ensuring biliary polarity were found to be close to those in primary hepatocytes. HepaRG cells proved to be highly differentiated, with functional mitochondria, hepatokine secretion abilities, and an adequate response to insulin. Among differences between primary human hepatocytes and HepaRG cells, the factors that possibly support HepaRG transdifferentiation properties are discussed. The HepaRG cell system thus appears as a robust surrogate for primary hepatocytes, which is versatile enough to study not only xenobiotic detoxification, but also the control of hepatic energy metabolism, secretory function and disease-related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Tascher
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, F-67087 Strasbourg, France.
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Hospital, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Audrey Burban
- INSERM U1241 NuMeCan, Université de Rennes 1, F-35033 Rennes, France.
| | - Sandrine Camus
- Biopredic International, Parc d'Affaires de la Bretêche, F-35760 St Grégoire, France.
| | - Marine Plumel
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, F-67087 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Stéphanie Chanon
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, University of Lyon, F-69310 Pierre-Bénite, France.
| | - Remy Le Guevel
- ImPACcell platform, Biosit, Université de Rennes 1, F-35043 Rennes, France.
| | - Valery Shevchenko
- Biopredic International, Parc d'Affaires de la Bretêche, F-35760 St Grégoire, France.
| | - Alain Van Dorsselaer
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, F-67087 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Etienne Lefai
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, University of Lyon, F-69310 Pierre-Bénite, France.
| | - Christiane Guguen-Guillouzo
- INSERM U1241 NuMeCan, Université de Rennes 1, F-35033 Rennes, France.
- Biopredic International, Parc d'Affaires de la Bretêche, F-35760 St Grégoire, France.
| | - Fabrice Bertile
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, F-67087 Strasbourg, France.
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16
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Tham NTT, Hwang SR, Bang JH, Yi H, Park YI, Kang SJ, Kang HG, Kim YS, Ku HO. High-content analysis of in vitro hepatocyte injury induced by various hepatotoxicants. J Vet Sci 2019; 20:34-42. [PMID: 30481985 PMCID: PMC6351759 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2019.20.1.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro prediction of hepatotoxicity can enhance the performance of non-clinical animal testing for identifying chemical hazards. In this study, we assessed high-content analysis (HCA) using multi-parameter cell-based assays as an in vitro hepatotoxicity testing model using various hepatotoxicants and human hepatocytes such as HepG2 cells and human primary hepatocytes (hPHs). Both hepatocyte types were exposed separately to multiple doses of ten hepatotoxicants associated with liver injury whose mechanisms of action have been described. HCA data were obtained using fluorescence probes for nuclear size (Hoechst), mitochondrial membrane potential (TMRM), cytosolic free calcium (Fluo-4AM), and lipid peroxidation (BODIPY). Cellular alterations were observed in response to all hepatotoxicants tested. The most sensitive parameter was TMRM, with high sensitivity at a low dose, next was BODIPY, followed by Fluo-4AM. HCA data from HepG2 cells and hPHs were generally concordant, although some inconsistencies were noted. Both hepatocyte types showed mild or severe mitochondrial impairment and lipid peroxidation in response to several hepatotoxicants. The results demonstrate that the application of HCA to in vitro hepatotoxicity testing enables more efficient hazard identification, and further, they suggest that certain parameters could serve as sensitive endpoints for predicting the hepatotoxic potential of chemical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga T T Tham
- Toxicological Evaluation Laboratory, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - So-Ryeon Hwang
- Toxicological Evaluation Laboratory, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Bang
- Toxicological Evaluation Laboratory, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Hee Yi
- Toxicological Evaluation Laboratory, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Young-Il Park
- Toxicological Evaluation Laboratory, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Seok-Jin Kang
- Toxicological Evaluation Laboratory, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Hwan-Goo Kang
- Toxicological Evaluation Laboratory, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Yong-Sang Kim
- Toxicological Evaluation Laboratory, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ok Ku
- Toxicological Evaluation Laboratory, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
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17
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Qin HY, Kou JX, Rao Z, Zhang GQ, Wang XH, Bai LP, Wei YH. N-Acetyltransferase Activity Assay and Inhibitory Compounds Screening by Using Living Human Hepatoma HepaRG Cell Model. INT J PHARMACOL 2019. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2019.229.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Abstract
Since HepaRG cells can differentiate into well-polarized mature hepatocyte-like cells that synthesize, conjugate, and secrete bile acids, they represent an appropriate surrogate to primary human hepatocytes for investigations on drug-induced cholestasis mechanisms. In this chapter, culture conditions for obtaining HepaRG hepatocytes and the main methods used to detect cholestatic potential of drugs are described. Assays for evaluation of bile canaliculi dynamics and morphology are mainly based on time-lapse and phase-contrast microscopy analysis. Bile acid uptake, trafficking, and efflux are investigated using fluorescent probes. Individual bile acids are quantified in both culture media and cell layers by high-pressure liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Preferential cellular accumulation of toxic hydrophobic bile acids is easily evidenced when exogenous primary and secondary bile acids are added to the culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - André Guillouzo
- INSERM U1241, NuMeCan, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France.
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19
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Bucher S, Tête A, Podechard N, Liamin M, Le Guillou D, Chevanne M, Coulouarn C, Imran M, Gallais I, Fernier M, Hamdaoui Q, Robin MA, Sergent O, Fromenty B, Lagadic-Gossmann D. Co-exposure to benzo[a]pyrene and ethanol induces a pathological progression of liver steatosis in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5963. [PMID: 29654281 PMCID: PMC5899096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24403-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis (i.e. lipid accumulation) and steatohepatitis have been related to diverse etiologic factors, including alcohol, obesity, environmental pollutants. However, no study has so far analyzed how these different factors might interplay regarding the progression of liver diseases. The impact of the co-exposure to the environmental carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and the lifestyle-related hepatotoxicant ethanol, was thus tested on in vitro models of steatosis (human HepaRG cell line; hybrid human/rat WIF-B9 cell line), and on an in vivo model (obese zebrafish larvae). Steatosis was induced prior to chronic treatments (14, 5 or 7 days for HepaRG, WIF-B9 or zebrafish, respectively). Toxicity and inflammation were analyzed in all models; the impact of steatosis and ethanol towards B[a]P metabolism was studied in HepaRG cells. Cytotoxicity and expression of inflammation markers upon co-exposure were increased in all steatotic models, compared to non steatotic counterparts. A change of B[a]P metabolism with a decrease in detoxification was detected in HepaRG cells under these conditions. A prior steatosis therefore enhanced the toxicity of B[a]P/ethanol co-exposure in vitro and in vivo; such a co-exposure might favor the appearance of a steatohepatitis-like state, with the development of inflammation. These deleterious effects could be partly explained by B[a]P metabolism alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bucher
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, Inra, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) - UMR_S 1241, UMR_A 1341, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Arnaud Tête
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Normand Podechard
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Marie Liamin
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Dounia Le Guillou
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, Inra, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) - UMR_S 1241, UMR_A 1341, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Martine Chevanne
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Cédric Coulouarn
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, Inra, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) - UMR_S 1241, UMR_A 1341, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Isabelle Gallais
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Morgane Fernier
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Quentin Hamdaoui
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, Inra, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) - UMR_S 1241, UMR_A 1341, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Marie-Anne Robin
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, Inra, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) - UMR_S 1241, UMR_A 1341, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Odile Sergent
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Bernard Fromenty
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, Inra, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) - UMR_S 1241, UMR_A 1341, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France.
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20
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Burbank MG, Sharanek A, Burban A, Mialanne H, Aerts H, Guguen-Guillouzo C, Weaver RJ, Guillouzo A. From the Cover: MechanisticInsights in Cytotoxic and Cholestatic Potential of the Endothelial Receptor Antagonists Using HepaRG Cells. Toxicol Sci 2018; 157:451-464. [PMID: 28369585 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs) have been developed for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Some of them have been related to clinical cases of hepatocellular injury (sitaxentan [SIT]) and/or cholestasis (bosentan [BOS]). We aimed to determine if ambrisentan (AMB) and macitentan (MAC), in addition to BOS and SIT, could potentially cause liver damage in man by use of human HepaRG cells. Our results showed that like BOS, MAC-induced cytotoxicity and cholestatic disorders characterized by bile canaliculi dilatation and impairment of myosin light chain kinase signaling. Macitentan also strongly inhibited taurocholic acid and carboxy-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein efflux while it had a much lower inhibitory effect on influx activity compared to BOS and SIT. Moreover, these three drugs caused decreased intracellular accumulation and parallel increased levels of total bile acids (BAs) in serum-free culture media. In addition, all drugs except AMB variably deregulated gene expression of BA transporters. In contrast, SIT was hepatotoxic without causing cholestatic damage, likely via the formation of reactive metabolites and AMB was not hepatotoxic. Together, our results show that some ERAs can be hepatotoxic and that the recently marketed MAC, structurally similar to BOS, can also cause cholestatic alterations in HepaRG cells. The absence of currently known or suspected cases of cholestasis in patients suffering from PAH treated with MAC is rationalized by the lower therapeutic doses and Cmax, and longer receptor residence time compared to BOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Gibson Burbank
- Inserm UMR 991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France.,Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,Biologie Servier, Gidy, France
| | - Ahmad Sharanek
- Inserm UMR 991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France.,Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Audrey Burban
- Inserm UMR 991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France.,Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | | | | | | | | | - André Guillouzo
- Inserm UMR 991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France.,Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France
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21
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Demazeau M, Quesnot N, Ripoche N, Rauch C, Jeftić J, Morel F, Gauffre F, Benvegnu T, Loyer P. Efficient transfection of Xenobiotic Responsive Element-biosensor plasmid using diether lipid and phosphatidylcholine liposomes in differentiated HepaRG cells. Int J Pharm 2017; 524:268-278. [PMID: 28365389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated cationic liposomes prepared from diether-NH2 and egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC) for in vitro gene delivery. The impact of the lipid composition, i.e. the EPC and Diether-NH2 molar ratio, on in vitro transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity was investigated using the human HEK293T and hepatoma HepaRG cells known to be permissive and poorly permissive cells for liposome-mediated gene transfer, respectively. Here, we report that EPC/Diether-NH2-based liposomes enabled a very efficient transfection with low cytotoxicity compared to commercial transfection reagents in both HEK293T and proliferating progenitor HepaRG cells. Taking advantage of these non-toxic EPC/Diether-NH2-based liposomes, we developed a method to efficiently transfect differentiated hepatocyte-like HepaRG cells and a biosensor plasmid containing a Xenobiotic Responsive Element and a minimal promoter driving the transcription of the luciferase reporter gene. We demonstrated that the luciferase activity was induced by a canonical inducer of cytochrome P450 genes, the benzo[a]pyrene, and two environmental contaminants, the fluoranthene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and the endosulfan, an organochlorine insecticide, known to induce toxicity and genotoxicity in differentiated HepaRG cells. In conclusion, we established a new efficient lipofection-mediated gene transfer in hepatocyte-like HepaRG cells opening new perspectives in drug evaluation relying on xenobiotic inducible biosensor plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Demazeau
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Plateforme SynNanoVect, Biogenouest, 11 allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France
| | - Nicolas Quesnot
- INSERM, INRA, Univ Rennes 1, Univ Bretagne Loire, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), Plateforme SynNanoVect, Biogenouest, Rennes, France
| | - Nicolas Ripoche
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Plateforme SynNanoVect, Biogenouest, 11 allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France
| | - Claudine Rauch
- INSERM, INRA, Univ Rennes 1, Univ Bretagne Loire, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), Plateforme SynNanoVect, Biogenouest, Rennes, France
| | - Jelena Jeftić
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Plateforme SynNanoVect, Biogenouest, 11 allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France
| | - Fabrice Morel
- INSERM, INRA, Univ Rennes 1, Univ Bretagne Loire, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), Plateforme SynNanoVect, Biogenouest, Rennes, France
| | - Fabienne Gauffre
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France.
| | - Thierry Benvegnu
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Plateforme SynNanoVect, Biogenouest, 11 allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France.
| | - Pascal Loyer
- INSERM, INRA, Univ Rennes 1, Univ Bretagne Loire, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), Plateforme SynNanoVect, Biogenouest, Rennes, France.
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22
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Donato MT, Gómez-Lechón MJ, Tolosa L. Using high-content screening technology for studying drug-induced hepatotoxicity in preclinical studies. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 12:201-211. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1271784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Donato
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, CIBEREHD, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria José Gómez-Lechón
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, CIBEREHD, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laia Tolosa
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
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23
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Differential sensitivity of metabolically competent and non-competent HepaRG cells to apoptosis induced by diclofenac combined or not with TNF-α. Toxicol Lett 2016; 258:71-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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24
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Higuchi Y, Kawai K, Kanaki T, Yamazaki H, Chesné C, Guguen-Guillouzo C, Suemizu H. Functional polymer-dependent 3D culture accelerates the differentiation of HepaRG cells into mature hepatocytes. Hepatol Res 2016; 46:1045-57. [PMID: 26724677 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM The hepatoma-derived cell line HepaRG is regarded as an in vitro model of drug metabolism because fully differentiated HepaRG cells demonstrate functional metabolic responses comparable to those of primary human hepatocytes. Recently, it was demonstrated that the 3D culture of HepaRG cells enhanced their metabolic functions and toxicological responses. We approached the mechanisms underlying these enhancement effects. METHODS We compared 2D-cultured HepaRG cells with 3D-cultured HepaRG spheroids in the gene expression patterns and the metabolic functions. In the present study, we performed 3D culture of HepaRG cells using functional polymers (FP). To reveal the in vivo differentiation ability, we transplanted the 3D-cultured HepaRG spheroids into TK-NOG mice. RESULTS A comparison between 2D and 3D cultures revealed that 3D-cultured HepaRG spheroids demonstrated reductions in bile duct marker expression, accelerated expression of cytochrome P450 3A4, and increases in the ratio of albumin-expressing hepatocytes. Furthermore, catalytic activities of cytochrome P450 3A4 were modified by omeprazole and rifampicin in the 3D-cultured HepaRG spheroids. Transplantation analysis revealed that 3D-cultured HepaRG spheroids formed hepatocyte-like colonies rather than cholangiocytes in vivo. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that the enhancement of hepatic functions in 3D-cultured HepaRG cells was induced by selective hepatocyte differentiation and accelerated hepatocyte maturation. HepaRG spheroids reproduced the metabolic responses of human hepatocytes. Therefore, FP-dependent 3D-cultured HepaRG cells may serve as an excellent in vitro model for evaluating the hepatic metabolism and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenji Kawai
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
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25
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Ferreira A, Rodrigues M, Falcão A, Alves G. A Rapid and Sensitive HPLC–DAD Assay to Quantify Lamotrigine, Phenytoin and Its Main Metabolite in Samples of Cultured HepaRG Cells. J Chromatogr Sci 2016; 54:1352-8. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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26
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Sharanek A, Burban A, Burbank M, Le Guevel R, Li R, Guillouzo A, Guguen-Guillouzo C. Rho-kinase/myosin light chain kinase pathway plays a key role in the impairment of bile canaliculi dynamics induced by cholestatic drugs. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24709. [PMID: 27169750 PMCID: PMC4867683 DOI: 10.1038/srep24709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholestasis represents a frequent manifestation of drug-induced liver injury; however, the mechanisms underlying such injuries are poorly understood. In this study of human HepaRG and primary hepatocytes, we found that bile canaliculi (BC) underwent spontaneous contractions, which are essential for bile acid (BA) efflux and require alternations in myosin light chain (MLC2) phosphorylation/dephosphorylation. Short exposure to 6 cholestatic compounds revealed that BC constriction and dilation were associated with disruptions in the ROCK/MLCK/myosin pathway. At the studied concentrations, cyclosporine A and chlorpromazine induced early ROCK activity, resulting in permanent MLC2 phosphorylation and BC constriction. However, fasudil reduced ROCK activity and caused rapid, substantial and permanent MLC2 dephosphorylation, leading to BC dilation. The remaining compounds (1-naphthyl isothiocyanate, deoxycholic acid and bosentan) caused BC dilation without modulating ROCK activity, although they were associated with a steady decrease in MLC2 phosphorylation via MLCK. These changes were associated with a common loss of BC contractions and failure of BA clearance. These results provide the first demonstration that cholestatic drugs alter BC dynamics by targeting the ROCK/MLCK pathway; in addition, they highlight new insights into the mechanisms underlying bile flow failure and can be used to identify new predictive biomarkers of drug-induced cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Sharanek
- INSERM U991, Liver Metabolisms and Cancer, Rennes, France.,Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France
| | - Audrey Burban
- INSERM U991, Liver Metabolisms and Cancer, Rennes, France.,Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France
| | - Matthew Burbank
- INSERM U991, Liver Metabolisms and Cancer, Rennes, France.,Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France
| | - Rémy Le Guevel
- ImPACcell platform, Biosit, Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France
| | - Ruoya Li
- Biopredic International, St Grégoire, France
| | - André Guillouzo
- INSERM U991, Liver Metabolisms and Cancer, Rennes, France.,Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France
| | - Christiane Guguen-Guillouzo
- INSERM U991, Liver Metabolisms and Cancer, Rennes, France.,Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France.,Biopredic International, St Grégoire, France
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27
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Liu Y, Wang W. Aflatoxin B1 impairs mitochondrial functions, activates ROS generation, induces apoptosis and involves Nrf2 signal pathway in primary broiler hepatocytes. Anim Sci J 2016; 87:1490-1500. [PMID: 26997555 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is known as a mycotoxin that causes various health problems in animals, but the precise mechanism of AFB1 on mitochondrial functions and apoptosis in primary broiler hepatocytes (PBHs) is not clear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of AFB1 on the mitochondrial functions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis and nuclear factor erythroid 2-like factor 2 (Nrf2)-related signal pathway in PBHs. Here, the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ROS generation, antioxidative genes and apoptosis in PBHs induced by AFB1 were investigated. The results showed that AFB1 evoked mitochondrial ROS generation, decreased MMP and induced apoptosis in PBHs. AFB1 increased the percentage of apoptotic cells, and expression of caspase-9 and caspase-3, upregulated messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of Nrf2 and downregulated mRNA expressions of NAD(P)H: quinine oxidoreductase 1, superoxide dismutase and Heme oxygenase 1 in PBHs. The expression of Bax was also observed in cytoplasm. These findings suggested AFB1 results in a significant impairment of mitochondrial functions, activates ROS generation, induces apoptosis, and is involved in Nrf2 signal pathway through mitochondria ROS-dependent signal pathways in PBHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
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28
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High-content screening technology for studying drug-induced hepatotoxicity in cell models. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:1007-22. [PMID: 25787152 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
High-content screening is the application of automated microscopy and image analysis to both cell biology and drug discovery. Over the last decade, this technique has emerged as a useful technology that allows the simultaneous measurement of different parameters at a single-cell level. Hepatotoxicity is a compelling reason for drug nonapprovals and withdrawals. It is recognized that the safety of a compound cannot be based on a single in vitro assay, and existing methods are not predictive of drug-induced toxicity. However, different HCS assays have been recently demonstrated as being powerful for identifying different mechanisms implicated in drug-induced toxicity with high sensitivity and specificity. These assays integrate the data obtained from different cell function indicators and can be easily incorporated into basic screening processes for the safety evaluation and selection of drug candidates; thus, they contribute greatly to lessen the likelihood of drug failure. Exploring the use of cellular imaging technology in drug-induced liver injury by reviewing the different tests proposed provides evidence that this technology has a strong impact on drug discovery.
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29
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Bachour-El Azzi P, Sharanek A, Burban A, Li R, Guével RL, Abdel-Razzak Z, Stieger B, Guguen-Guillouzo C, Guillouzo A. Comparative Localization and Functional Activity of the Main Hepatobiliary Transporters in HepaRG Cells and Primary Human Hepatocytes. Toxicol Sci 2015; 145:157-68. [PMID: 25690737 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of hepatobiliary transporters in drug-induced liver injury remains poorly understood. Various in vivo and in vitro biological approaches are currently used for studying hepatic transporters; however, appropriate localization and functional activity of these transporters are essential for normal biliary flow and drug transport. Human hepatocytes (HHs) are considered as the most suitable in vitro cell model but erratic availability and inter-donor functional variations limit their use. In this work, we aimed to compare localization of influx and efflux transporters and their functional activity in differentiated human HepaRG hepatocytes with fresh HHs in conventional (CCHH) and sandwich (SCHH) cultures. All tested influx and efflux transporters were correctly localized to canalicular [bile salt export pump (BSEP), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2), multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), and MDR3] or basolateral [Na(+)-taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP) and MRP3] membrane domains and were functional in all models. Contrary to other transporters, NTCP and BSEP were less abundant and active in HepaRG cells, cellular uptake of taurocholate was 2.2- and 1.4-fold and bile excretion index 2.8- and 2.6-fold lower, than in SCHHs and CCHHs, respectively. However, when taurocholate canalicular efflux was evaluated in standard and divalent cation-free conditions in buffers or cell lysates, the difference between the three models did not exceed 9.3%. Interestingly, cell imaging showed higher bile canaliculi contraction/relaxation activity in HepaRG hepatocytes and larger bile canaliculi networks in SCHHs. Altogether, our results bring new insights in mechanisms involved in bile acids accumulation and excretion in HHs and suggest that HepaRG cells represent a suitable model for studying hepatobiliary transporters and drug-induced cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Bachour-El Azzi
- *Inserm UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France, Université Libanaise, EDST-PRASE and EDST-AZM-center-LBA3B, Beirut, Lebanon, Biopredic International, Saint Grégoire, France, ImPACcell, SFR Biosit, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France and Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland *Inserm UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France, Université Libanaise, EDST-PRASE and EDST-AZM-center-LBA3B, Beirut, Lebanon, Biopredic International, Saint Grégoire, France, ImPACcell, SFR Biosit, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France and Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland *Inserm UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France, Université Libanaise, EDST-PRASE and EDST-AZM-center-LBA3B, Beirut, Lebanon, Biopredic International, Saint Grégoire, France, ImPACcell, SFR Biosit, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France and Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ahmad Sharanek
- *Inserm UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France, Université Libanaise, EDST-PRASE and EDST-AZM-center-LBA3B, Beirut, Lebanon, Biopredic International, Saint Grégoire, France, ImPACcell, SFR Biosit, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France and Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland *Inserm UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France, Université Libanaise, EDST-PRASE and EDST-AZM-center-LBA3B, Beirut, Lebanon, Biopredic International, Saint Grégoire, France, ImPACcell, SFR Biosit, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France and Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Audrey Burban
- *Inserm UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France, Université Libanaise, EDST-PRASE and EDST-AZM-center-LBA3B, Beirut, Lebanon, Biopredic International, Saint Grégoire, France, ImPACcell, SFR Biosit, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France and Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland *Inserm UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France, Université Libanaise, EDST-PRASE and EDST-AZM-center-LBA3B, Beirut, Lebanon, Biopredic International, Saint Grégoire, France, ImPACcell, SFR Biosit, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France and Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruoya Li
- *Inserm UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France, Université Libanaise, EDST-PRASE and EDST-AZM-center-LBA3B, Beirut, Lebanon, Biopredic International, Saint Grégoire, France, ImPACcell, SFR Biosit, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France and Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rémy Le Guével
- *Inserm UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France, Université Libanaise, EDST-PRASE and EDST-AZM-center-LBA3B, Beirut, Lebanon, Biopredic International, Saint Grégoire, France, ImPACcell, SFR Biosit, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France and Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ziad Abdel-Razzak
- *Inserm UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France, Université Libanaise, EDST-PRASE and EDST-AZM-center-LBA3B, Beirut, Lebanon, Biopredic International, Saint Grégoire, France, ImPACcell, SFR Biosit, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France and Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Stieger
- *Inserm UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France, Université Libanaise, EDST-PRASE and EDST-AZM-center-LBA3B, Beirut, Lebanon, Biopredic International, Saint Grégoire, France, ImPACcell, SFR Biosit, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France and Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland *Inserm UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France, Université Libanaise, EDST-PRASE and EDST-AZM-center-LBA3B, Beirut, Lebanon, Biopredic International, Saint Grégoire, France, ImPACcell, SFR Biosit, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France and Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Guguen-Guillouzo
- *Inserm UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France, Université Libanaise, EDST-PRASE and EDST-AZM-center-LBA3B, Beirut, Lebanon, Biopredic International, Saint Grégoire, France, ImPACcell, SFR Biosit, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France and Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - André Guillouzo
- *Inserm UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France, Université Libanaise, EDST-PRASE and EDST-AZM-center-LBA3B, Beirut, Lebanon, Biopredic International, Saint Grégoire, France, ImPACcell, SFR Biosit, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France and Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland *Inserm UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France, Université Libanaise, EDST-PRASE and EDST-AZM-center-LBA3B, Beirut, Lebanon, Biopredic International, Saint Grégoire, France, ImPACcell, SFR Biosit, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France and Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
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Weng Z, Luo Y, Yang X, Greenhaw JJ, Li H, Xie L, Mattes WB, Shi Q. Regorafenib impairs mitochondrial functions, activates AMP-activated protein kinase, induces autophagy, and causes rat hepatocyte necrosis. Toxicology 2015; 327:10-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Ferreira A, Rodrigues M, Silvestre S, Falcão A, Alves G. HepaRG cell line as an in vitro model for screening drug–drug interactions mediated by metabolic induction: Amiodarone used as a model substance. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:1531-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Bachour-El Azzi P, Sharanek A, Abdel-Razzak Z, Antherieu S, Al-Attrache H, Savary CC, Lepage S, Morel I, Labbe G, Guguen-Guillouzo C, Guillouzo A. Impact of inflammation on chlorpromazine-induced cytotoxicity and cholestatic features in HepaRG cells. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 42:1556-66. [PMID: 25002748 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.058123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Several factors are thought to be implicated in the occurrence of idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions. The present work aimed to question as to whether inflammation is a determinant factor in hepatic lesions induced by chlorpromazine (CPZ) using the human HepaRG cell line. An inflammation state was induced by a 24-hour exposure to proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β; then the cells were simultaneously treated with CPZ and/or cytokine for 24 hours or daily for 5 days. The inflammatory response was assessed by induction of C-reactive protein and IL-8 transcripts and proteins as well as inhibition of CPZ metabolism and down-regulation of cytochrome 3A4 (CYP3A4) and CYP1A2 transcripts, two major cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes involved in its metabolism. Most effects of cotreatments with cytokines and CPZ were amplified or only observed after five daily treatments; they mainly included increased cytotoxicity and overexpression of oxidative stress-related genes, decreased Na(+)-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide mRNA levels and activity, a key transporter involved in bile acids uptake, and deregulation of several other transporters. However, CPZ-induced inhibition of taurocholic acid efflux and pericanalicular F-actin distribution were not affected. In addition, a time-dependent induction of phospholipidosis was noticed in CPZ-treated cells, without obvious influence of the inflammatory stress. In summary, our results show that an inflammatory state induced by proinflammatory cytokines increased cytotoxicity and enhanced some cholestatic features induced by the idiosyncratic drug CPZ in HepaRG cells. These changes, together with inhibition of P450 activities, could have important consequences if extrapolated to the in vivo situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Bachour-El Azzi
- Inserm UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); EDST-PRASE and EDST-AZM-Center-LBA3B, Université Libanaise, Lebanon (P.B-E.A., H.A-A., Z.A-R.); Laboratoire d'Urgence et de Réanimation, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (S.L., I.M.); Sanofi R&D, Alfortville, France (G.L.)
| | - Ahmad Sharanek
- Inserm UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); EDST-PRASE and EDST-AZM-Center-LBA3B, Université Libanaise, Lebanon (P.B-E.A., H.A-A., Z.A-R.); Laboratoire d'Urgence et de Réanimation, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (S.L., I.M.); Sanofi R&D, Alfortville, France (G.L.)
| | - Ziad Abdel-Razzak
- Inserm UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); EDST-PRASE and EDST-AZM-Center-LBA3B, Université Libanaise, Lebanon (P.B-E.A., H.A-A., Z.A-R.); Laboratoire d'Urgence et de Réanimation, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (S.L., I.M.); Sanofi R&D, Alfortville, France (G.L.)
| | - Sebastien Antherieu
- Inserm UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); EDST-PRASE and EDST-AZM-Center-LBA3B, Université Libanaise, Lebanon (P.B-E.A., H.A-A., Z.A-R.); Laboratoire d'Urgence et de Réanimation, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (S.L., I.M.); Sanofi R&D, Alfortville, France (G.L.)
| | - Houssein Al-Attrache
- Inserm UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); EDST-PRASE and EDST-AZM-Center-LBA3B, Université Libanaise, Lebanon (P.B-E.A., H.A-A., Z.A-R.); Laboratoire d'Urgence et de Réanimation, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (S.L., I.M.); Sanofi R&D, Alfortville, France (G.L.)
| | - Camille C Savary
- Inserm UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); EDST-PRASE and EDST-AZM-Center-LBA3B, Université Libanaise, Lebanon (P.B-E.A., H.A-A., Z.A-R.); Laboratoire d'Urgence et de Réanimation, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (S.L., I.M.); Sanofi R&D, Alfortville, France (G.L.)
| | - Sylvie Lepage
- Inserm UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); EDST-PRASE and EDST-AZM-Center-LBA3B, Université Libanaise, Lebanon (P.B-E.A., H.A-A., Z.A-R.); Laboratoire d'Urgence et de Réanimation, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (S.L., I.M.); Sanofi R&D, Alfortville, France (G.L.)
| | - Isabelle Morel
- Inserm UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); EDST-PRASE and EDST-AZM-Center-LBA3B, Université Libanaise, Lebanon (P.B-E.A., H.A-A., Z.A-R.); Laboratoire d'Urgence et de Réanimation, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (S.L., I.M.); Sanofi R&D, Alfortville, France (G.L.)
| | - Gilles Labbe
- Inserm UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); EDST-PRASE and EDST-AZM-Center-LBA3B, Université Libanaise, Lebanon (P.B-E.A., H.A-A., Z.A-R.); Laboratoire d'Urgence et de Réanimation, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (S.L., I.M.); Sanofi R&D, Alfortville, France (G.L.)
| | - Christiane Guguen-Guillouzo
- Inserm UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); EDST-PRASE and EDST-AZM-Center-LBA3B, Université Libanaise, Lebanon (P.B-E.A., H.A-A., Z.A-R.); Laboratoire d'Urgence et de Réanimation, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (S.L., I.M.); Sanofi R&D, Alfortville, France (G.L.)
| | - André Guillouzo
- Inserm UMR991, Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France (P.B-E.A., A.S., S.A., H.A-A., C.C.S., I.M., C.G-G., A.G.); EDST-PRASE and EDST-AZM-Center-LBA3B, Université Libanaise, Lebanon (P.B-E.A., H.A-A., Z.A-R.); Laboratoire d'Urgence et de Réanimation, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France (S.L., I.M.); Sanofi R&D, Alfortville, France (G.L.)
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Klein S, Mueller D, Schevchenko V, Noor F. Long-term maintenance of HepaRG cells in serum-free conditions and application in a repeated dose study. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 34:1078-86. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Klein
- Biochemical Engineering; Saarland University; 66123 Saarbruecken Germany
| | - Daniel Mueller
- Biochemical Engineering; Saarland University; 66123 Saarbruecken Germany
| | | | - Fozia Noor
- Biochemical Engineering; Saarland University; 66123 Saarbruecken Germany
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Higuchi Y, Kawai K, Yamazaki H, Nakamura M, Bree F, Guguen-Guillouzo C, Suemizu H. The human hepatic cell line HepaRG as a possible cell source for the generation of humanized liver TK-NOG mice. Xenobiotica 2013; 44:146-53. [PMID: 24066694 PMCID: PMC3906414 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2013.836257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Humanized-liver mice, in which the liver has been repopulated with human hepatocytes, have been used to study aspects of human liver physiology such as drug metabolism, toxicology and hepatitis infection. However, the procurement of human hepatocytes is a major problem in producing humanized-liver mice because of the finite nature of the patient-derived resource. In order to overcome this limitation, the human hepatic cell line HepaRG® were evaluated as promising donor cells for liver reconstitution in the TK-NOG mouse model. We demonstrate that, in vivo, transplanted confluent culture or differentiated HepaRG® cells proliferated and differentiated toward both hepatocyte-like and biliary-like cells within the recipient liver. In contrast, proliferative HepaRG® cells could engraft TK-NOG mouse liver but could differentiate only toward biliary-like cells. The differentiation to hepatocyte-like cells was characterized by the detection of human albumin in the recipient mouse serum and was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining for human leukocyte antigen, human albumin, cytochrome P450 3A4, and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2. Biliary-like cells were characterized by positive staining for cytokeratin-19. These results indicated that the differentiated HepaRG® cells are a possible cell source for generating humanized-liver mice, which are a useful model for in vivo studies of liver physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Higuchi
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals , Kawasaki, Kanagawa , Japan
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Do THT, Gaboriau F, Cannie I, Batusanski F, Ropert M, Moirand R, Brissot P, Loreal O, Lescoat G. Iron-mediated effect of alcohol on hepatocyte differentiation in HepaRG cells. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 206:117-25. [PMID: 24025710 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of alcoholic liver diseases depends on the ability of hepatocyte to proliferate and differentiate in the case of alcohol-induced injury. Our previous work showed an inhibitory effect of alcohol on hepatocyte proliferation. However, the effect of alcohol on hepatocyte differentiation has not yet been precisely characterized. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of alcohol on hepatocyte differentiation in relationship with changes of iron metabolism in HepaRG cells. This unique bipotent human cell line can differentiate into hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells, paralleling liver development. Results showed that alcohol reduced cell viability, total protein level and enhanced hepatic enzymes leakage in differentiated HepaRG cells. Moreover, it caused cell enlargement, decreased number of hepatocyte and expression of C/EBPα as well as bile canaliculi F-actin. Alcohol increased expression of hepatic cell-specific markers and alcohol-metabolizing enzymes (ADH2, CYP2E1). This was associated with a lipid peroxidation and an iron excess expressed by an increase in total iron content, ferritin level, iron uptake as well as an overexpression of genes involved in iron transport and storage. Alcohol-induced hepatoxicity was amplified by exogenous iron via exceeding iron overload. Taken together, our data demonstrate that in differentiated hepatocytes, alcohol reduces proliferation while increasing expression of hepatic cell-specific markers. Moreover, iron overload could be one of the underlying mechanisms of effect of alcohol on the whole differentiation process of hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Hong Tuoi Do
- Inserm, UMR 991, «Foie, Métabolismes et Cancer», F-35033 Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, F-35043 Rennes, France; University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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Anthérieu S, Bachour-El Azzi P, Dumont J, Abdel-Razzak Z, Guguen-Guillouzo C, Fromenty B, Robin MA, Guillouzo A. Oxidative stress plays a major role in chlorpromazine-induced cholestasis in human HepaRG cells. Hepatology 2013; 57:1518-29. [PMID: 23175273 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Drugs induce cholestasis by diverse and still poorly understood mechanisms in humans. Early hepatic effects of chlorpromazine (CPZ), a neuroleptic drug known for years to induce intrahepatic cholestasis, were investigated using the differentiated human hepatoma HepaRG cells. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected as early as 15 minutes after CPZ treatment and was associated with an altered mitochondrial membrane potential and disruption of the pericanalicular distribution of F-actin. Inhibition of [3H]-taurocholic acid efflux was observed after 30 minutes and was mostly prevented by N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) cotreatment, indicating a major role of oxidative stress in CPZ-induced bile acid (BA) accumulation. Moreover, 24-hour treatment with CPZ decreased messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of the two main canalicular bile transporters, bile salt export pump (BSEP) and multidrug resistance protein 3 (MDR3). Additional CPZ effects included inhibition of Na+ -dependent taurocholic cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) expression and activity, multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (MRP4) overexpression and CYP8B1 inhibition that are involved in BA uptake, basolateral transport, and BA synthesis, respectively. These latter events likely represent hepatoprotective responses which aim to reduce intrahepatic accumulation of toxic BA. Compared to CPZ effects, overloading of HepaRG cells with high concentrations of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids induced a delayed oxidative stress and, similarly, after 24 hours it down-regulated BSEP and MDR3 in parallel to a decrease of NTCP and CYP8B1 and an increase of MRP4. By contrast, low BA concentrations up-regulated BSEP and MDR3 in the absence of oxidative stress. CONCLUSION These data provide evidence that, among other mechanisms, oxidative stress plays a major role as both a primary causal and an aggravating factor in the early CPZ-induced intrahepatic cholestasis in human hepatocytes.
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Kostadinova R, Boess F, Applegate D, Suter L, Weiser T, Singer T, Naughton B, Roth A. A long-term three dimensional liver co-culture system for improved prediction of clinically relevant drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 268:1-16. [PMID: 23352505 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Revised: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the major cause for liver failure and post-marketing drug withdrawals. Due to species-specific differences in hepatocellular function, animal experiments to assess potential liabilities of drug candidates can predict hepatotoxicity in humans only to a certain extent. In addition to animal experimentation, primary hepatocytes from rat or human are widely used for pre-clinical safety assessment. However, as many toxic responses in vivo are mediated by a complex interplay among different cell types and often require chronic drug exposures, the predictive performance of hepatocytes is very limited. Here, we established and characterized human and rat in vitro three-dimensional (3D) liver co-culture systems containing primary parenchymal and non-parenchymal hepatic cells. Our data demonstrate that cells cultured on a 3D scaffold have a preserved composition of hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer and endothelial cells and maintain liver function for up to 3months, as measured by the production of albumin, fibrinogen, transferrin and urea. Additionally, 3D liver co-cultures maintain cytochrome P450 inducibility, form bile canaliculi-like structures and respond to inflammatory stimuli. Upon incubation with selected hepatotoxicants including drugs which have been shown to induce idiosyncratic toxicity, we demonstrated that this model better detected in vivo drug-induced toxicity, including species-specific drug effects, when compared to monolayer hepatocyte cultures. In conclusion, our results underline the importance of more complex and long lasting in vitro cell culture models that contain all liver cell types and allow repeated drug-treatments for detection of in vivo-relevant adverse drug effects.
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Laurent V, Glaise D, Nübel T, Gilot D, Corlu A, Loyer P. Highly efficient SiRNA and gene transfer into hepatocyte-like HepaRG cells and primary human hepatocytes: new means for drug metabolism and toxicity studies. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 987:295-314. [PMID: 23475687 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-321-3_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The metabolically competent hepatocyte-like human HepaRG cells represent a suitable alternative in vitro cell model to human primary hepatocytes. Here, we describe the culture procedure required to expand progenitor HepaRG cells and to differentiate them into hepatocyte-like cells. Transient transfection of gene and siRNA into cultured cells, using nonviral strategies, is an invaluable technique to decipher gene functions. In this chapter, we detail transfection protocols for efficient transfer of plasmid DNA or siRNAs into proliferating progenitor or quiescent differentiated HepaRG cells as well as into primary hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Laurent
- Inserm U 1078, Génétique Moléculaire et Génétique Epidémiologique, Hôpital Morvan - CHU de Brest, Brest, France
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Leite SB, Wilk-Zasadna I, Zaldivar JM, Airola E, Reis-Fernandes MA, Mennecozzi M, Guguen-Guillouzo C, Chesne C, Guillou C, Alves PM, Coecke S. Three-Dimensional HepaRG Model As An Attractive Tool for Toxicity Testing. Toxicol Sci 2012; 130:106-16. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Optimization of the HepaRG cell model for drug metabolism and toxicity studies. Toxicol In Vitro 2012; 26:1278-85. [PMID: 22643240 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The HepaRG cell line is the first human cell line able to differentiate in vitro into mature hepatocyte-like cells. Our main objective within the framework of the EEC-LIINTOP project was to optimize the use of this cell line for drug metabolism and toxicity studies, especially after repeat treatments. The main results showed that differentiated HepaRG cells: (i) retained their drug metabolism capacity (major CYPs, phase 2 enzymes, transporters and nuclear receptors) and responsiveness to prototypical inducers at relatively stable levels for several weeks at confluence. The levels of several functions, including some CYPs such as CYP3A4, were dependent on the addition of dimethyl sulfoxide in the culture medium; (ii) sustained the different types of chemical-induced hepatotoxicity, including steatosis, phospholipidosis and cholestasis, after acute and/or repeat treatment with reference drugs. In particular, drug-induced vesicular steatosis was demonstrated in vitro for the first time. In conclusion, our results from the LIINTOP project, together with other studies reported concomitantly or more recently in the literature, support the conclusion that the metabolically competent human HepaRG cells represent a surrogate to primary human hepatocytes for investigating drug metabolism parameters and both acute and chronic effects of xenobiotics in human liver.
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Andersson TB, Kanebratt KP, Kenna JG. The HepaRG cell line: a unique in vitro tool for understanding drug metabolism and toxicology in human. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012; 8:909-20. [PMID: 22568886 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2012.685159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION HepaRG is a unique cell line showing a great plasticity, which differentiates to both canaliculae-like and hepatocyte-like cells. The long-term stability of key cell functions, for example, the drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme activities, in culture is especially useful in drug metabolism, disposition and toxicity studies. AREAS COVERED This review describes features of the HepaRG cells focusing on drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters, their functionality and regulation. Several applications in drug discovery studies are discussed and the use of HepaRG, as a human relevant predictive in vitro CYP induction model, is described. In addition, promising studies using HepaRG cells for understanding liver toxicity mechanisms by drug compounds are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION HepaRG cells exhibit features which make them useful as an in vitro model for drug metabolism, disposition and toxicity studies, and could, for many studies, replace the requirement for primary human hepatocytes. Care should be taken since HepaRG cells are of a specific genotype which is reflected in the expression of drug processing proteins. The finding that HepaRG cells form tight junctions provides the basis for formation of functional canalicular structures and this should be investigated further to aid development of human relevant hepatic in vitro 2D and 3D models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy B Andersson
- DMPK Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal S-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden.
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Rossi C, Guantario B, Ferruzza S, Guguen-Guillouzo C, Sambuy Y, Scarino ML, Bellovino D. Co-cultures of enterocytes and hepatocytes for retinoid transport and metabolism. Toxicol In Vitro 2012; 26:1256-64. [PMID: 22542753 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Dietary retinoid bioavailability involves the interplay of the intestine (transport and metabolism) and the liver (secondary metabolism). To reproduce these processes in vitro, differentiated human intestinal Caco-2/TC7 cells were co-cultured with two hepatocyte cell lines. Murine 3A cells and the more highly differentiated human HepaRG hepatocytes were both shown to respond to β-carotene (BC) and retinol (ROH) treatment by secreting Retinol Binding Protein 4 (RBP4). In co-culture experiments, Caco-2/TC7 were differentiated on filter inserts and transferred for the time of the experiment to culture wells containing confluent 3A or differentiated HepaRG cells. Functionality of the co-cultures was assayed using as endpoints the retinol-dependent secretion of RBP4 and the retinoic acid-dependent induction of CYP26A1 in hepatocytes. BC and ROH added to intestinal Caco-2/TC7 induced a reduction in intracellular RBP4 levels in the underlying hepatocytes and its secretion into the medium. HepaRG hepatocytes were also shown to up-regulate the expression of CYP26A1 mRNA in response to retinoid treatment. This in vitro model represents a useful tool to analyze the absorption and metabolism of retinoids and could be further developed to investigate other dietary compounds and molecules of pharmacological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Rossi
- National Research Institute on Food and Nutrition (INRAN), Rome, Italy
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Tolosa L, Pinto S, Donato MT, Lahoz A, Castell JV, O’Connor JE, Gómez-Lechón MJ. Development of a Multiparametric Cell-based Protocol to Screen and Classify the Hepatotoxicity Potential of Drugs. Toxicol Sci 2012; 127:187-98. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Gerets HHJ, Tilmant K, Gerin B, Chanteux H, Depelchin BO, Dhalluin S, Atienzar FA. Characterization of primary human hepatocytes, HepG2 cells, and HepaRG cells at the mRNA level and CYP activity in response to inducers and their predictivity for the detection of human hepatotoxins. Cell Biol Toxicol 2012; 28:69-87. [PMID: 22258563 PMCID: PMC3303072 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-011-9208-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 604] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the pharmaceutical industry, improving the early detection of drug-induced hepatotoxicity is essential as it is one of the most important reasons for attrition of candidate drugs during the later stages of drug development. The first objective of this study was to better characterize different cellular models (i.e., HepG2, HepaRG cells, and fresh primary human hepatocytes) at the gene expression level and analyze their metabolic cytochrome P450 capabilities. The cellular models were exposed to three different CYP450 inducers; beta-naphthoflavone (BNF), phenobarbital (PB), and rifampicin (RIF). HepG2 cells responded very weakly to the different inducers at the gene expression level, and this translated generally into low CYP450 activities in the induced cells compared with the control cells. On the contrary, HepaRG cells and the three human donors were inducible after exposure to BNF, PB, and RIF according to gene expression responses and CYP450 activities. Consequently, HepaRG cells could be used in screening as a substitute and/or in complement to primary hepatocytes for CYP induction studies. The second objective was to investigate the predictivity of the different cellular models to detect hepatotoxins (16 hepatotoxic and 5 nonhepatotoxic compounds). Specificity was 100% with the different cellular models tested. Cryopreserved human hepatocytes gave the highest sensitivity, ranging from 31% to 44% (depending on the donor), followed by lower sensitivity (13%) for HepaRG and HepG2 cells (6.3%). Overall, none of the models under study gave desirable sensitivities (80-100%). Consequently, a high metabolic capacity and CYP inducibility in cell lines does not necessarily correlate with a high sensitivity for the detection of hepatotoxic drugs. Further investigations are necessary to compare different cellular models and determine those that are best suited for the detection of hepatotoxic compounds.
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Josse R, Rogue A, Lorge E, Guillouzo A. An adaptation of the human HepaRG cells to the in vitro micronucleus assay. Mutagenesis 2011; 27:295-304. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/ger076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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