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Lu Y, Wang YD, Xu TQ, Zhao XH, Zhou J, Jin LH, Liu JJ. Pyridostigmine attenuates hypertension by inhibiting activation of the renin-angiotensin system in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03156-x. [PMID: 38767671 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03156-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) triggers oxidative stress and an inflammatory response in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), in turn increasing the sympathetic hyperactivity that is a major cause of hypertension. Pyridostigmine has cardioprotective effects by suppressing the RAS of myocardial tissue. However, whether pyridostigmine attenuates hypertension by inhibiting the RAS of the PVN remains unclear. We thus investigated the effect and mechanism of pyridostigmine on two-kidney one-clip (2K1C)-induced hypertension. 2K1C rats received pyridostigmine, or not, for 8 weeks. Cardiovascular function, hemodynamic parameters, and autonomic activity were measured. The PVN levels of pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and RAS signaling molecules were evaluated. Our results showed that hypertension was accompanied by cardiovascular dysfunction and an autonomic imbalance characterized by enhanced sympathetic but diminished vagal activity. The PVN levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), reactive oxygen species (ROS), NOX-2, and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased; those of IL-10 and superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased. Moreover, the RAS signaling pathway was activated, as evidenced by increased levels of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II (Ang II), and the Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and a decreased AT2R level. Pyridostigmine lowered blood pressure and improved cardiovascular function, associated with restoration of the autonomic balance. Meanwhile, pyridostigmine decreased PVN IL-6, TNF-α, ROS, NOX-2, and MDA levels and increased IL-10 and SOD levels. Additionally, pyridostigmine suppressed PVN ACE, Ang II, and AT1R levels and increased AT2R expression. Pyridostigmine attenuated hypertension by inhibiting PVN oxidative stress and inflammation induced by the RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi-Dong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian-Qi Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Xu-He Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Lian-Hai Jin
- Low Pressure and Low Oxygen Environment and Health Intervention Innovation Center, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Jin-Jun Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an, China.
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Jia XY, Jiang DL, Jia XT, Fu LY, Tian H, Liu KL, Qi J, Kang YM, Yu XJ. Capsaicin improves hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy via SIRT1/NF-κB/MAPKs pathway in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 118:154951. [PMID: 37453193 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension has seriously affected a large part of the adult and elderly population. The complications caused by hypertension are important risk factors for cardiovascular disease accidents. Capsaicin, a pungent component of chili pepper has been revealed to improve hypertension. However, its potential mechanism in improving hypertension remains to be explored. PURPOSE In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether capsaicin could attenuate the SIRT1/NF-κB/MAPKs pathway in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN). METHODS We used spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs) as animal model rats. Micro osmotic pump was used to give capsaicin through PVN for 28 days, starting from age12-week-old. RESULTS The results showed that capsaicin significantly reduced blood pressure from the 16th day of infusion onward. At the end of the experimental period, we measured cardiac hypertrophy index and the heart rate (HR), and the results showed that the cardiac hypertrophy and heart rate of rats was significantly improved upon capsaicin chronic infusion. Norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EPI) in plasma of SHRs treated with capsaicin were also decreased. Additionally, capsaicin increased the protein expression and number of positive cells of SIRT1 and the 67-kDa isoform of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD67), decreased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), number of positive cells of NOX2, those of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) and p-IKKβ, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the gene expression levels of NOX4 and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Capsaicin also decreased the relative protein expressions of protein in MAPKs pathway. CONCLUSION Current data indicated that capsaicin within the PVN improves hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy via SIRT1/NF-κB/MAPKs pathway in the PVN of SHRs, supporting its potential as candidate drug for preventing and improving hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Yue Jia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an 710061, China; Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, China
| | - Da-Li Jiang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Jia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Li-Yan Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hua Tian
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jie Qi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Liu XJ, Yu XJ, Su YK, Qiao JA, Sun YJ, Bai XJ, Zhang N, Yang HY, Yin LX, Kang YM, Yang ZM. Minocycline and Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate Attenuate Hypertension via Suppressing Activation of Microglia in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2023; 259:163-172. [PMID: 36450479 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.2022.j102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species and imbalance of neurotransmitters are involved in the pathophysiology of angiotensin II-induced hypertension. The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) plays a vital role in hypertension. Evidences show that microglia are activated and release proinflammatory cytokines in angiocardiopathy. We hypothesized that angiotensin II induces PVN microglial activation, and the activated PVN microglia release proinflammatory cytokines and cause oxidative stress through nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, which contributes to sympathetic overactivity and hypertension. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (weight 275-300 g) were infused with angiotensin II to induce hypertension. Then, rats were treated with bilateral PVN infusion of microglial activation inhibitor minocycline, NF-κB activation inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate or vehicle for 4 weeks. When compared to control groups, angiotensin II-induced hypertensive rats had higher mean arterial pressure, PVN proinflammatory cytokines, and imbalance of neurotransmitters, accompanied with PVN activated microglia. These rats also had more PVN gp91phox (source of reactive oxygen species production), and NF-κB p65. Bilateral PVN infusion of minocycline or pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate partly or completely ameliorated these changes. This study indicates that angiotensin II-induced hypertensive rats have more activated microglia in PVN, and activated PVN microglia release proinflammatory cytokines and result in oxidative stress, which contributes to sympathoexcitation and hypertensive response. Suppression of activated PVN microglia by minocycline or pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate attenuates inflammation and oxidative stress, and improves angiotensin II-induced hypertension, which indicates that activated microglia promote hypertension through activated NF-κB. The findings may offer hypertension new strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University
| | - Xiao-Jing Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China
| | - Yu-Kun Su
- Hemodialysis Center, Shanxi Second People's Hospital
| | - Jin-An Qiao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China.,Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital
| | - Yao-Jun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University
| | - Xiao-Jie Bai
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University
| | - Nana Zhang
- Department of Hypertension, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University
| | - Hui-Yu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University
| | - Li-Xi Yin
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi Medical University
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China
| | - Zhi-Ming Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University
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Wang G, Woods C, Johnson MA, Milner TA, Glass MJ. Angiotensin II Infusion Results in Both Hypertension and Increased AMPA GluA1 Signaling in Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus of Male but not Female Mice. Neuroscience 2022; 485:129-144. [PMID: 34999197 PMCID: PMC9116447 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) plays a key role in hypertension, however the signaling pathways that contribute to the adaptability of the PVN during hypertension are uncertain. We present evidence that signaling at the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) GluA1 receptor contributes to increased blood pressure in a model of neurogenic hypertension induced by 14-day slow-pressor angiotensin II (AngII) infusion in male mice. It was found that AngII hypertension was associated with an increase in plasma membrane affiliation of GluA1, but decreased GluA2, in dendritic profiles of PVN neurons expressing the TNFα type 1 receptor, a modulator of AMPA receptor trafficking. The increased plasma membrane GluA1 was paralleled by heightened AMPA currents in PVN-spinal cord projection neurons from AngII-infused male mice. Significantly, elevated AMPA currents in AngII-treated mice were blocked by 1-Naphthyl acetyl spermine trihydrochloride, pointing to the involvement of GluA2-lacking GluA1 receptors in the heightened AMPA signaling in PVN neurons. A further functional role for GluA1 in the PVN was demonstrated by the attenuated hypertensive response following silencing of GluA1 in the PVN of AngII-infused male mice. In female mice, AngII-infusion did not impact blood pressure or plasma membrane localization of GluA1 . Post-translational modifications that increase the plasma membrane localization of AMPA GluA1 and heighten the rapid excitatory signaling actions of glutamate in PVN neurons may serve as a molecular substrate underlying sex differences in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Clara Woods
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Megan A. Johnson
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Teresa A. Milner
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065,Harold and Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Michael J. Glass
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065,Address correspondence to: Dr. Michael J. Glass, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, New York, NY 10065; Phone: (646) 962-8253;
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5
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Beneficial effects of metformin supplementation in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and arcuate nucleus of type 2 diabetic rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 437:115893. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.115893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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6
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Issotina Zibrila A, Li Y, Wang Z, Zhao G, Liu H, Leng J, Ahasan Ali M, Ampofo Osei J, Kang YM, Liu J. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition with Pyridostigmine attenuates hypertension and neuroinflammation in the paraventricular nucleus in rat model for Preeclampsia. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108365. [PMID: 34815190 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized by hypertension, autonomic imbalance and inflammation. The subfornical organ (SFO) reportedly relays peripheral inflammatory mediator's signals to the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), a brain autonomic center shown to mediate hypertension in hypertensive rat but not yet in PE rat models. Additionally, we previously showed that Pyridostigmine (PYR), an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, attenuated placental inflammation and hypertension in PE models. In this study, we investigated the effect of PYR on the activities of these brain regions in PE model. PYR (20 mg/kg/day) was administered to reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) Sprague-Dawley rat from gestational day (GD) 14 to GD19. On GD19, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) was recorded and samples were collected for analysis. RUPP rats exhibited increased MAP (P = 0.0025), elevated circulating tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, P = 0.0075), reduced baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), increased neuroinflammatory markers including TNF-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), microglial activation (P = 0.0039), oxidative stress and neuronal excitation within the PVN and the SFO. Changes in MAP, in molecular and cellular expression induced by RUPP intervention were improved by PYR. The ability of PYR to attenuate TNF-α mediated central effect was evaluated in TNF-α-infused pregnant rats. TNF-α infusion-promoted neuroinflammation in the PVN and SFO in dams was abolished by PYR. Collectively, our data suggest that PYR improves PE-like symptoms in rat by dampening placental ischemia and TNF-α-promoted inflammation and pro-hypertensive activity in the PVN. This broadens the therapeutical potential of PYR in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoulaye Issotina Zibrila
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yubei Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Gongxiao Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Haotian Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jing Leng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Md Ahasan Ali
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - James Ampofo Osei
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Jinjun Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Li L, Zhou Z, Mai K, Li P, Wang Z, Wang Y, Cao Y, Ma X, Zhang T, Wang D. Protein overexpression of toll-like receptor 4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and clinical significance. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:786. [PMID: 34594427 PMCID: PMC8456488 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of malignancy of the head and neck. In the present study, the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) was evaluated in 55 OSCC tissues and their corresponding adjacent tissues using immunohistochemistry and reverse-transcription quantitative PCR. The results indicated that TLR4 and MyD88 were overexpressed in OSCC. Furthermore, high expression of MyD88 was negatively associated with a poor degree of differentiation, recurrence and metastasis of the tumor and was positively associated with underlying disease, including hypertension, heart disease and diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, high expression of TLR4 was positively associated with a long growth time of the tumor. In conclusion, the present study evaluated the expression levels of TLR4 and MyD88 in OSCC, as well as the association between them and clinicopathological factors, to provide markers for the prognosis and treatment of OSCC. These two genes may serve as biomarkers to optimize OSCC treatment, setting a new direction for stratifying patients and developing precise and personalized treatment regimens; the TLR4/MyD88 pathway may serve as a potential therapeutic target in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Department of Stomatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530028, P.R. China
| | - Zhuoqian Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Khangvu Mai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Pathology, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zongqi Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yaxi Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Pathology, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xuemeng Ma
- Department of Pathology, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Daiyou Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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8
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Gao HL, Yu XJ, Liu KL, Zuo YY, Fu LY, Chen YM, Zhang DD, Shi XL, Qi J, Li Y, Yi QY, Tian H, Wang XM, Yu JY, Zhu GQ, Liu JJ, Kang KB, Kang YM. Chronic Infusion of Astaxanthin Into Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus Modulates Cytokines and Attenuates the Renin-Angiotensin System in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:170-181. [PMID: 33538532 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Oxidative stress, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), and inflammation are some of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The aim of this study is to examine the protective effect of the chronic administration of astaxanthin, which is extracted from the shell of crabs and shrimps, into hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Animals were randomly assigned to 2 groups and treated with bilateral PVN infusion of astaxanthin or vehicle (artificial cerebrospinal fluid) through osmotic minipumps (Alzet Osmotic Pumps, Model 2004, 0.25 μL/h) for 4 weeks. Spontaneously hypertensive rats had higher mean arterial pressure and plasma level of norepinephrine and proinflammatory cytokine; higher PVN levels of reactive oxygen species, NOX2, NOX4, IL-1β, IL-6, ACE, and AT1-R; and lower PVN levels of IL-10 and Cu/Zn SOD, Mn SOD, ACE2, and Mas receptors than Wistar-Kyoto rats. Our data showed that chronic administration of astaxanthin into PVN attenuated the overexpression of reactive oxygen species, NOX2, NOX4, inflammatory cytokines, and components of RAS within the PVN and suppressed hypertension. The present results revealed that astaxanthin played a role in the brain. Our findings demonstrated that astaxanthin had protective effect on hypertension by improving the balance between inflammatory cytokines and components of RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Li Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi-Yi Zuo
- College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Yan Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan-Mei Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Dong-Dong Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Lian Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Qi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Yi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Hua Tian
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Min Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia-Yue Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Jin-Jun Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai B Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China
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9
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Yan X, Zhao R, Feng X, Mu J, Li Y, Chen Y, Li C, Yao Q, Cai L, Jin L, Han C, Zhang D. Sialyltransferase7A promotes angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via HIF-1α-TAK1 signalling pathway. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:114-126. [PMID: 30854566 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Sialylation is up-regulated during the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Sialyltransferase7A (Siat7A) mRNA is consistently over-expressed in the hypertrophic left ventricle of hypertensive rats independently of genetic background. The aims of this study were: (i) to detect the Siat7A protein levels and its roles in the pathological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy; (ii) to elucidate the effect of sialylation mediated by Siat7A on the transforming-growth-factor-β-activated kinase (TAK1) expression and activity in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy; and (iii) to clarify hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) expression was regulated by Siat7A and transactivated TAK1 expression in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. METHODS AND RESULTS Siat7A protein level was increased in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes of human and rats subjected to chronic infusion of angiotensin II (ANG II). Delivery of adeno-associated viral (AAV9) bearing shRNA against rat Siat7A into the left ventricular wall inhibited ventricular hypertrophy. Cardiac-specific Siat7A overexpression via intravenous injection of an AAV9 vector encoding Siat7A under the cardiac troponin T (cTNT) promoter aggravated cardiac hypertrophy in ANG II-treated rats. In vitro, Siat7A knockdown inhibited the induction of Sialyl-Tn (sTn) antigen and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy stimulated by ANG II. Mechanistically, ANG II induced the activation of TAK1-nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signalling in parallel to up-regulation of Siat7A in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes. Siat7A knockdown inhibited activation of TAK1-NF-κB pathway. Interestingly, HIF-1α expression was increased in cardiomyocytes stimulated by ANG II but decreased after Siat7A knockdown. HIF-1α knockdown efficiently decreased TAK1 expression. ChIP and luciferase assays showed that HIF-1α transactivated the TAK1 promoter region (nt -1285 to -1274 bp) in the cardiomyocytes following ANG II stimulus. CONCLUSION Siat7A was up-regulated in hypertrophic myocardium and promoted cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via activation of the HIF-1α-TAK1-NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Yan
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Lvshun South Road No.9, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Lvshun South Road No.9, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Feng
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Lvshun South Road No.9, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingzhou Mu
- Functional Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Lvshun South Road No.9, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Lvshun South Road No.9, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Li
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiying Yao
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Lvshun South Road No.9, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijie Cai
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Lvshun South Road No.9, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Jin
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Lvshun South Road No.9, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanchun Han
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Lvshun South Road No.9, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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10
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Zhang DD, Liang YF, Qi J, Kang KB, Yu XJ, Gao HL, Liu KL, Chen YM, Shi XL, Xin GR, Fu LY, Kang YM, Cui W. Carbon Monoxide Attenuates High Salt-Induced Hypertension While Reducing Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Stress in the Paraventricular Nucleus. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2020; 19:451-464. [PMID: 31037602 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-019-09517-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) presents anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities as a new gaseous neuromessenger produced by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the body. High salt-induced hypertension is relevant to the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICs) and oxidative stress in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). We explored whether CO in PVN can attenuate high salt-induced hypertension by regulating PICs or oxidative stress. Male Dahl Salt-Sensitive rats were fed high-salt (8% NaCl) or normal-salt (0.3% NaCl) diet for 4 weeks. CORM-2, ZnPP IX, or vehicle was microinjected into bilateral PVN for 6 weeks. High-salt diet increased the levels of MAP, plasma norepinephrine (NE), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the expressions of COX2, IL-1β, IL-6, NOX2, and NOX4 significantly in PVN (p < 0.05), but decreased the expressions of HO-1 and Cu/Zn-SOD in PVN (p < 0.05). Salt increased sympathetic activity as measured by circulating norepinephrine, and increased the ratio of basal RSNA to max RSNA, in part by decreasing max RSNA. PVN microinjection of CORM-2 decreased the levels of MAP, NE, RSNA, ROS and the expressions of COX2, IL-1β, IL-6, NOX2, NOX4 significantly in PVN of hypertensive rat (p < 0.05), but increased the expressions of HO-1 and Cu/Zn-SOD significantly (p < 0.05), which were all opposite to the effects of ZnPP IX microinjected in PVN (p < 0.05). We concluded that exogenous or endogenous CO attenuates high salt-induced hypertension by regulating PICs and oxidative stress in PVN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Dong Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.,Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Yan-Feng Liang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Jie Qi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Kai B Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiao-Jing Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Hong-Li Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yan-Mei Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Lian Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Guo-Rui Xin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Li-Yan Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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11
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Donertas Ayaz B, Zubcevic J. Gut microbiota and neuroinflammation in pathogenesis of hypertension: A potential role for hydrogen sulfide. Pharmacol Res 2020; 153:104677. [PMID: 32023431 PMCID: PMC7056572 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and gut dysbiosis are hallmarks of hypertension (HTN). Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important freely diffusing molecule that modulates the function of neural, cardiovascular and immune systems, and circulating levels of H2S are reduced in animals and humans with HTN. While most research to date has focused on H₂S produced endogenously by the host, H2S is also produced by the gut bacteria and may affect the host homeostasis. Here, we review an association between neuroinflammation and gut dysbiosis in HTN, with special emphasis on a potential role of H2S in this interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basak Donertas Ayaz
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Eskisehir Osmangazi, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Jasenka Zubcevic
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
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12
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Qi J, Yu XJ, Fu LY, Liu KL, Gao TT, Tu JW, Kang KB, Shi XL, Li HB, Li Y, Kang YM. Exercise Training Attenuates Hypertension Through TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1138. [PMID: 31708733 PMCID: PMC6821652 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training (ExT) is beneficial for cardiovascular health, yet the central mechanism by which aerobic ExT attenuates the hypertensive responses remains unclear. Activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICs) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is important for the sympathoexcitation and hypertensive response. We thus hypothesized that aerobic ExT can decrease the blood pressure of hypertensive rats by reducing the levels of PICs through TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling within the PVN. To examine this hypothesis, two-kidney-one-clip (2K1C) renovascular hypertensive rats were assigned to two groups: sedentary or exercise training and examined for 8 weeks. At the same time, bilateral PVN infusion of vehicle or TAK242, a TLR4 inhibitor, was performed on both groups. As a result, the systolic blood pressure (SBP), renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and plasma levels of norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (EPI) were found significantly increased in 2K1C hypertensive rats. These rats also had higher levels of Fra-like activity, NF-κB p65 activity, TLR4, MyD88, IL-1β and TNF-α in the PVN than SHAM rats. Eight weeks of ExT attenuated the RSNA and SBP, repressed the NF-κB p65 activity, and reduced the increase of plasma levels of NE, EPI, and the expression of Fra-like, TLR4, MyD88, IL-1β and TNF-α in the PVN of 2K1C rats. These findings are highly similar to the results in 2K1C rats with bilateral PVN infusions of TLR4 inhibitor (TAK242). This suggests that 8 weeks of aerobic ExT may decrease blood pressure in hypertensive rats by reducing the PICs activation through TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling within the PVN, and thus delays the progression of 2K1C renovascular hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li-Yan Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian-Tian Gao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia-Wei Tu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai B Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Xiao-Lian Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong-Bao Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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13
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Blockade of c-Src Within the Paraventricular Nucleus Attenuates Inflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Stress in the Mechanism of the TLR4 Signal Pathway in Salt-Induced Hypertension. Neurosci Bull 2019; 36:385-395. [PMID: 31641986 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-019-00435-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and cellular Src (c-Src) are closely associated with inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in hypertension, so we designed this study to explore the exact role of c-Src in the mechanism of action of the TLR4 signaling pathway in salt-induced hypertension. Salt-sensitive rats were given a high salt diet for 10 weeks to induce hypertension. This resulted in higher levels of TLR4, activated c-Src, pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and arterial pressure. Infusion of a TLR4 blocker into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) decreased the activated c-Src, while microinjection of a c-Src inhibitor attenuated the PVN levels of nuclear factor-kappa B, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress. Our findings suggest that a long-term high-salt diet increases TLR4 expression in the PVN and this promotes the activation of c-Src, which upregulates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and results in the overproduction of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, inhibiting central c-Src activity may be a new target for treating hypertension.
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14
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Elsaafien K, Korim WS, Setiadi A, May CN, Yao ST. Chemoattraction and Recruitment of Activated Immune Cells, Central Autonomic Control, and Blood Pressure Regulation. Front Physiol 2019; 10:984. [PMID: 31427987 PMCID: PMC6688384 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory mediators play a critical role in the regulation of sympathetic outflow to cardiovascular organs in hypertension. Emerging evidence highlights the involvement of immune cells in the regulation of blood pressure. However, it is still unclear how these immune cells are activated and recruited to key autonomic brain regions to regulate sympathetic outflow to cardiovascular organs. Chemokines such as C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), are upregulated both peripherally and centrally in hypertension. More specifically, they are upregulated in key autonomic brain regions that control sympathetic activity and blood pressure such as the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and the rostral ventrolateral medulla. Furthermore, this upregulation of inflammatory mediators is associated with the infiltration of immune cells to these brain areas. Thus, expression of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines is a potential mechanism promoting invasion of immune cells into key autonomic brain regions. In pathophysiological conditions, this can result in abnormal activation of brain circuits that control sympathetic nerve activity to cardiovascular organs and ultimately in increases in blood pressure. In this review, we discuss emerging evidence that helps explain how immune cells are chemoattracted to autonomic nuclei and contribute to changes in sympathetic outflow and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Elsaafien
- Discovery Science, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Willian S. Korim
- Discovery Science, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony Setiadi
- Discovery Science, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Clive N. May
- Discovery Science, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Song T. Yao
- Discovery Science, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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15
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Mowry FE, Biancardi VC. Neuroinflammation in hypertension: the renin-angiotensin system versus pro-resolution pathways. Pharmacol Res 2019; 144:279-291. [PMID: 31039397 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Overstimulation of the pro-inflammatory pathways within brain areas responsible for sympathetic outflow is well evidenced as a primary contributing factor to the establishment and maintenance of neurogenic hypertension. However, the precise mechanisms and stimuli responsible for promoting a pro-inflammatory state are not fully elucidated. Recent work has unveiled novel compounds derived from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), termed specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), which actively regulate the resolution of inflammation. Failure or dysregulation of the resolution process has been linked to a variety of chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Given the pathologic role of neuroinflammation in the hypertensive state, SPMs and their associated pathways may provide a link between hypertension and the long-standing association of dietary ω-3 PUFAs with cardioprotection. Herein, we review recent progress in understanding the RAS-driven pathophysiology of neurogenic hypertension, particularly in regards to the chronic low-grade neuroinflammatory response. In addition, we examine the potential for an impaired resolution of inflammation process in the context of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Elisabeth Mowry
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Alabama, USA
| | - Vinicia Campana Biancardi
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Alabama, USA; Center for Neurosciences Research Initiative, Auburn University, Alabama, USA.
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16
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Quitterer U, AbdAlla S. Improvements of symptoms of Alzheimer`s disease by inhibition of the angiotensin system. Pharmacol Res 2019; 154:104230. [PMID: 30991105 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
With ageing of the global society, the frequency of ageing-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer`s disease (AD) is on the rise worldwide. Currently, there is no cure for AD, and the four drugs approved for AD only have very small effects on AD symptoms. Consequently, there are enormous efforts worldwide to identify new targets for treatment of AD. Approaches that interfere with classical neuropathologic features of AD, such as extracellular senile plaques formed of aggregated amyloid-beta (Abeta), and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau have not been successful so far. In search for a treatment approach of AD, we found that inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) by a centrally acting ACE inhibitor retards symptoms of neurodegeneration, Abeta plaque formation and tau hyperphosphorylation in experimental models of AD. Our approach is currently being investigated in a clinical setting. Initial evidence with AD patients shows that a brain-penetrating ACE inhibitor counteracts the process of neurodegeneration and dementia. Moreover, centrally acting ACE inhibitors given in addition to the standard therapy, cholinesterase inhibition, can improve cognitive function of AD patients for several months. This is one of the most promising results for AD treatment since more than a decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Quitterer
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Said AbdAlla
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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17
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Tian H, Kang YM, Gao HL, Shi XL, Fu LY, Li Y, Jia XY, Liu KL, Qi J, Li HB, Chen YM, Chen WS, Cui W, Zhu GQ, Yu XJ. Chronic infusion of berberine into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus attenuates hypertension and sympathoexcitation via the ROS/Erk1/2/iNOS pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 52:216-224. [PMID: 30599901 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Berberine (BBR), a Chinese traditional herbal medicine, has many pharmacologic benefits such as anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation. It is widely used in clinical treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension. However, the mechanism of how BBR attenuates hypertension through affecting central neural system is not clear. PURPOSE This study was designed to determine whether chronic infusion of BBR into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) attenuates hypertension and sympathoexcitation via the ROS/Erk1/2/iNOS pathway. METHODS Two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) renovascular hypertensive rats were randomly assigned and treated with bilateral PVN infusion of BBR (2μg/h) or vehicle (artificial cerebrospinal fluid) via osmotic minipumps for 28 days. RESULTS 2K1C rats showed higher mean arterial pressure (MAP) and PVN Fra-like activity, plasma levels of norepinephrine (NE), PVN levels of NOX2, NOX4, Erk1/2 and iNOS, and lower PVN levels of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD). Chronic infusion of BBR reduced MAP, PVN Fra-like activity and plasma levels of NE, reduced NOX2, NOX4, Erk1/2, iNOS and induced Cu/Zn-SOD in the PVN. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that BBR attenuates hypertension and sympathoexcitation via the ROS/Erk1/2/iNOS pathway in 2K1C renovascular hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Tian
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Department of Diagnosis, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine Xi'an, 712046, China
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hong-Li Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Lian Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Li-Yan Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiu-Yue Jia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jie Qi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hong-Bao Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yan-Mei Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Chronic Intracerebroventricular Infusion of Metformin Inhibits Salt-Sensitive Hypertension via Attenuation of Oxidative Stress and Neurohormonal Excitation in Rat Paraventricular Nucleus. Neurosci Bull 2018; 35:57-66. [PMID: 30426340 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0308-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin (MET), an antidiabetic agent, also has antioxidative effects in metabolic-related hypertension. This study was designed to determine whether MET has anti-hypertensive effects in salt-sensitive hypertensive rats by inhibiting oxidative stress in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Salt-sensitive rats received a high-salt (HS) diet to induce hypertension, or a normal-salt (NS) diet as control. At the same time, they received intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of MET or vehicle for 6 weeks. We found that HS rats had higher oxidative stress levels and mean arterial pressure (MAP) than NS rats. ICV infusion of MET attenuated MAP and reduced plasma norepinephrine levels in HS rats. It also decreased reactive oxygen species and the expression of subunits of NAD(P)H oxidase, improved the superoxide dismutase activity, reduced components of the renin-angiotensin system, and altered neurotransmitters in the PVN. Our findings suggest that central MET administration lowers MAP in salt-sensitive hypertension via attenuating oxidative stress, inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system, and restoring the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the PVN.
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Blockade of Endogenous Angiotensin-(1-7) in Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus Attenuates High Salt-Induced Sympathoexcitation and Hypertension. Neurosci Bull 2018; 35:47-56. [PMID: 30328008 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0297-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) is an important biologically-active peptide of the renin-angiotensin system. This study was designed to determine whether inhibition of Ang-(1-7) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) attenuates sympathetic activity and elevates blood pressure by modulating pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICs) and oxidative stress in the PVN in salt-induced hypertension. Rats were fed either a high-salt (8% NaCl) or a normal salt diet (0.3% NaCl) for 10 weeks, followed by bilateral microinjections of the Ang-(1-7) antagonist A-779 or vehicle into the PVN. We found that the mean arterial pressure (MAP), renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), and plasma norepinephrine (NE) were significantly increased in salt-induced hypertensive rats. The high-salt diet also resulted in higher levels of the PICs interleukin-6, interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1, as well as higher gp91phox expression and superoxide production in the PVN. Microinjection of A-779 (3 nmol/50 nL) into the bilateral PVN of hypertensive rats not only attenuated MAP, RSNA, and NE, but also decreased the PICs and oxidative stress in the PVN. These results suggest that the increased MAP and sympathetic activity in salt-induced hypertension can be suppressed by blockade of endogenous Ang-(1-7) in the PVN, through modulation of PICs and oxidative stress.
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20
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Mi Y, Wu Q, Yuan W, Chen F, Du D. Role of microglia M1/M2 polarisation in the paraventricular nucleus: New insight into the development of stress-induced hypertension in rats. Auton Neurosci 2018; 213:71-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Wang ML, Kang YM, Li XG, Su Q, Li HB, Liu KL, Fu LY, Saahene RO, Li Y, Tan H, Yu XJ. Central blockade of NLRP3 reduces blood pressure via regulating inflammation microenvironment and neurohormonal excitation in salt-induced prehypertensive rats. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:95. [PMID: 29573749 PMCID: PMC5866519 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation has been implicated in the development of cardiovascular disease. We determined whether nod-like receptor with pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) involved in the process of prehypertension, central blockade of NLRP3 decreased inflammation reaction, regulated neurohormonal excitation, and delayed the progression of prehypertension. METHODS Prehypertensive rats were induced by 8% salt diet. The rats on high-salt diet for 1 month were administered a specific NLRP3 blocker in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) for 4 weeks. ELISA, western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry were used to measure NLRP3 cascade proteins, pro-inflammation cytokines (PICs), chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), C-X-C chemokine receptor type 3 (CXCR3), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), neurotransmitters, and leukocytes count detection, respectively. RESULTS NLRP3 expression in PVN was increased significantly in prehypertensive rats, accompanied by increased number of microglia, CD4+, CD8+ T cell, and CD8+ microglia. Expressions of PICs, CCL2, CXCR3, and VCAM-1 significantly increased. The balance between 67-kDa isoform of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD67) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was damaged. Plasma norepinephrine (NE) in prehypertensive rats was increased and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was reduced. NLRP3 blockade significantly decreased blood pressure, reduced PICs, CCL2, VCAM-1 expression in PVN, and restored neurotransmitters. Blood pressure and inflammatory markers were upregulated after termination of central blockage NLRP3. CONCLUSIONS Salt-induced prehypertension is partly due to the role of NLRP3 in PVN. Blockade of brain NLRP3 attenuates prehypertensive response, possibly via downregulating the cascade reaction triggered by inflammation and restoring the balance of neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Lin Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, People's Hospital of Baoan District, Shenzhen, 518100, China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Hong-Bao Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Li-Yan Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Roland Osei Saahene
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Hong Tan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China.,Department of Pathology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Winklewski PJ, Radkowski M, Demkow U. Neuroinflammatory mechanisms of hypertension: potential therapeutic implications. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2018; 25:410-6. [PMID: 27490783 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Inflammation of forebrain and hindbrain nuclei has recently been highlighted as an emerging factor in the pathogenesis of neurogenic hypertension. The aim of this review is to summarize the state of the art in this field and to discuss recently discovered pathophysiological mechanisms, opening new perspectives for therapeutic application. RECENT FINDINGS Microglia Toll-like receptor 4 causally links angiotensin II (AngII)-mediated microglia cell activation and oxidative stress within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Toll-like receptor 4 can also be activated by lipopolysaccharides. PVN infusion of nuclear factor κB inhibitor lowers the blood pressure and ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy. Ang-(1-7) exerts direct effects on microglia, causing a reduction in both baseline and prorenin-induced release of proinflammatory cytokines. A compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB) constitutes a complementary mechanism that exacerbates AngII-driven neurohumoral activation, contributing to the development of hypertension. SUMMARY PVN and BBB seem to be pivotal targets for therapeutic intervention in hypertension. Recent advances in imaging techniques enable visualization of the inflammatory state in microglia and BBB integrity in humans. AngII type I receptor blockers and AngII-converting enzyme inhibitors are the most likely candidates for controlled randomized trials in humans aimed at amelioration of brain inflammation in the forthcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel J Winklewski
- aInstitute of Human Physiology, Medical University of Gdansk, GdanskbDepartment of Immunopathology of Infectious and Parasitic DiseasescDepartment of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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23
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Liang B, Zhao YN, Wang X, Yu XJ, Li Y, Yang HY, Su Q, Kang YM, Yang ZM. Angiotensin-(1-7) attenuates hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy via modulation of nitric oxide and neurotransmitter levels in the paraventricular nucleus in salt-sensitive hypertensive rats. RSC Adv 2018; 8:8779-8786. [PMID: 35547241 PMCID: PMC9087825 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09136b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] is a multifunctional bioactive angiotensin peptide which exerts a cardiovascular protective function mainly by opposing the effects of angiotensin II. We aimed to determine whether brain Ang-(1-7) regulates nitric oxide (NO) and neurotransmitter levels in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and influences sympathetic activity, blood pressure and cardiac hypertrophy in salt-sensitive hypertension. Dahl salt-sensitive rats receiving a high-salt (HS, 8% NaCl) or a normal-salt (NS, 0.3% NaCl) diet were treated with an intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of Ang-(1-7) for 6 weeks. Seven rats were measured in each group. In comparison with NS rats, HS rats exhibited significantly increased mean arterial pressure, plasma norepinephrine (NE) and cardiac hypertrophy. In addition, HS rats (compared to NS rats) had increased glutamate, NE and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression, and reduced NO levels as well as reduced expression of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the 67 kDa isoform of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD67) in the PVN. Treatment with ICV infusion of Ang-(1-7) reversed these changes in the salt-sensitive hypertensive rats. The results suggest that the beneficial effects of brain Ang-(1-7) on salt-sensitive hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy are partly due to an elevation in the NO level and restoration of neurotransmitter balance in the PVN. Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] is a multifunctional bioactive angiotensin peptide which exerts a cardiovascular protective function mainly by opposing the effects of angiotensin II.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liang
- Department of Cardiology
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University
- Taiyuan 030001
- China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology of Shanxi Province
| | - Ya-Nan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University
- Taiyuan 030001
- China
- Department of Respiratory
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology of Shanxi Province
- Taiyuan 030001
- China
| | - Xiao-Jing Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology
- Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology
- Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Hui-Yu Yang
- Department of Cardiology
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University
- Taiyuan 030001
- China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology of Shanxi Province
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology
- Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology
- Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center
- Xi'an 710061
- China
| | - Zhi-Ming Yang
- Department of Cardiology
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University
- Taiyuan 030001
- China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology of Shanxi Province
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Du D, Hu L, Wu J, Wu Q, Cheng W, Guo Y, Guan R, Wang Y, Chen X, Yan X, Zhu D, Wang J, Zhang S, Guo Y, Xia C. Neuroinflammation contributes to autophagy flux blockage in the neurons of rostral ventrolateral medulla in stress-induced hypertension rats. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:169. [PMID: 28835252 PMCID: PMC5569471 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0942-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation plays hypertensive roles in the uninjured autonomic nuclei of the central nervous system, while its mechanisms remain unclear. The present study is to investigate the effect of neuroinflammation on autophagy in the neurons of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), where sympathetic premotor neurons for the maintenance of vasomotor tone reside. METHODS Stress-induced hypertension (SIH) was induced by electric foot-shock stressors with noise interventions in rats. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the power density of the low frequency (LF) component of the SAP spectrum were measured to reflect sympathetic vasomotor activity. Microglia activation and pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICs (IL-1β, TNF-α)) expression in the RVLM were measured by immunoblotting and immunostaining. Autophagy and autophagic vacuoles (AVs) were examined by autophagic marker (LC3 and p62) expression and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image, respectively. Autophagy flux was evaluated by RFP-GFP-tandem fluorescent LC3 (tf-LC3) vectors transfected into the RVLM. Tissue levels of glutamate, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), and plasma levels of norepinephrine (NE) were measured by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. The effects of the cisterna magna infused minocycline, a microglia activation inhibitor, on the abovementioned parameters were analyzed. RESULTS SIH rats showed increased SBP, plasma NE accompanied by an increase in LF component of the SBP spectrum. Microglia activation and PICs expression was increased in SIH rats. TEM demonstrated that stress led to the accumulation of AVs in the RVLM of SIH rats. In addition to the Tf-LC3 assay, the concurrent increased level of LC3-II and p62 suggested the impairment of autophagic flux in SIH rats. To the contrary, minocycline facilitated autophagic flux and induced a hypotensive effect with attenuated microglia activation and decreased PICs in the RVLM of SIH rats. Furthermore, SIH rats showed higher levels of glutamate and lower level of GABA in the RVLM, while minocycline attenuated the decrease in GABA and the increase in glutamate of SIH rats. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, we concluded that the neuroinflammation might impair autophagic flux and induced neural excitotoxicity in the RVLM neurons following SIH, which is involved in the development of SIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongshu Du
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Neurotoxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, College of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Hu
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Neurotoxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, College of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxiang Wu
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Neurotoxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, College of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruijuan Guan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yahui Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingxin Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xanxia Yan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Danian Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jijiang Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shutian Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Pudong Gongli Hospital, Shanghai, 200135 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Xia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
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Hydrogen sulfide in paraventricular nucleus attenuates blood pressure by regulating oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in high salt-induced hypertension. Toxicol Lett 2017; 270:62-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Tsai MH, Lee CW, Hsu LF, Li SY, Chiang YC, Lee MH, Chen CH, Liang HF, How JM, Chang PJ, Wu CM, Lee IT. CO-releasing molecules CORM2 attenuates angiotensin II-induced human aortic smooth muscle cell migration through inhibition of ROS/IL-6 generation and matrix metalloproteinases-9 expression. Redox Biol 2017; 12:377-388. [PMID: 28292711 PMCID: PMC5349464 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ang II has been involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) induced migration of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) is the most common and basic pathological feature. Carbon monoxide (CO), a byproduct of heme breakdown by heme oxygenase, exerts anti-inflammatory effects in various tissues and organ systems. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) on Ang II-induced MMP-9 expression and cell migration of HASMCs. Ang II significantly up-regulated MMP-9 expression and cell migration of HASMCs, which was inhibited by transfection with siRNA of p47phox, Nox2, Nox4, p65, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and pretreatment with the inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, ROS, and NF-κB. In addition, Ang II also induced NADPH oxidase/ROS generation and p47phox translocation from the cytosol to the membrane. Moreover, Ang II-induced oxidative stress and MMP-9-dependent cell migration were inhibited by pretreatment with CORM-2. Finally, we observed that Ang II induced IL-6 release in HASMCs via AT1R, but not AT2R, which could further caused MMP-9 secretion and cell migration. Pretreatment with CORM-2 reduced Ang II-induced IL-6 release. In conclusion, CORM-2 inhibits Ang II-induced HASMCs migration through inactivation of suppression of NADPH oxidase/ROS generation, NF-κB inactivation and IL-6/MMP-9 expression. Thus, application of CO, especially CORM-2, is a potential countermeasure to reverse the pathological changes of various cardiovascular diseases. Further effects aimed at identifying novel antioxidant and anti-inflammatory substances protective for heart and blood vessels that targeting CO and establishment of well-designed in vivo models properly evaluating the efficacy of these agents are needed. Angiotensin II can induce HASMCs migration via activating ROS/NF-κB/IL-6/ MMP-9. CORM-2 can inhibit Ang II-induced ROS/NF-κB/IL-6/MMP-9-dependent HASMCs migration. The blockade of ROS by CORM-2 can be a preventive strategy of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Horng Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Wen Lee
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan; Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Lee-Fen Hsu
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy & Health Care, Tajen University, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chiang
- Center for Drug Abuse and Addiction, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsueh Lee
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Han Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hwey-Fang Liang
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Mei How
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pey-Jium Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Mei Wu
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Ta Lee
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Qi J, Zhao XF, Yu XJ, Yi QY, Shi XL, Tan H, Fan XY, Gao HL, Yue LY, Feng ZP, Kang YM. Targeting Interleukin-1 beta to Suppress Sympathoexcitation in Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Hypertensive Rats. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2017; 16:298-306. [PMID: 26304161 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-015-9338-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Findings from our laboratory indicate that expressions of some proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6 and oxidative stress responses are increased in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and contribute to the progression of salt-sensitive hypertension. In this study, we determined whether interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) activation within the PVN contributes to sympathoexcitation during development of salt-dependent hypertension. Eight-week-old male Dahl salt-sensitive (S) rats received a high-salt diet (HS, 8 % NaCl) or a normal-salt diet (NS, 0.3 % NaCl) for 6 weeks, and all rats were treated with bilateral PVN injection of gevokizumab (IL-1β inhibitor, 1 μL of 10 μg) or vehicle once a week. The mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and plasma norepinephrine (NE) were significantly increased in high-salt-fed rats. In addition, rats with high-salt diet had higher levels of NOX-2, NOX-4 [subunits of NAD (P) H oxidase], IL-1β, NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3), Fra-LI (an indicator of chronic neuronal activation) and lower levels of IL-10 in the PVN than normal-diet rats. Bilateral PVN injection of gevokizumab decreased MAP, HR and NE, attenuated the levels of oxidative stress and restored the balance of cytokines. These findings suggest that IL-1β activation in the PVN plays a role in salt-sensitive hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiu-Fang Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Yi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Lian Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Hong Tan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Fan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Hong-Li Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Li-Ying Yue
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Zhang Y, Yu XJ, Chen WS, Gao HL, Liu KL, Shi XL, Fan XY, Jia LL, Cui W, Zhu GQ, Liu JJ, Kang YM. Exercise training attenuates renovascular hypertension partly via RAS- ROS- glutamate pathway in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37467. [PMID: 27881877 PMCID: PMC5121597 DOI: 10.1038/srep37467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise training (ExT) has been reported to benefit hypertension; however, the exact mechanisms involved are unclear. We hypothesized that ExT attenuates hypertension, in part, through the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and glutamate in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) renovascular hypertensive rats were assigned to sedentary (Sed) or treadmill running groups for eight weeks. Dizocilpine (MK801), a glutamate receptor blocker, or losartan (Los), an angiotensin II type1 receptor (AT1-R) blocker, were microinjected into the PVN at the end of the experiment. We found that 2K1C rats had higher mean arterial pressure (MAP) and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA). These rats also had excessive oxidative stress and overactivated RAS in PVN. Eight weeks of ExT significantly decreased MAP and RSNA in 2K1C hypertensive rats. ExT inhibited angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), AT1-R, and glutamate in the PVN, and angiotensin II (ANG II) in the plasma. Moreover, ExT attenuated ROS by augmenting copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) and decreasing p47phox and gp91phox in the PVN. MK801or Los significantly decreased blood pressure in rats. Together, these findings suggest that the beneficial effects of ExT on renovascular hypertension may be, in part, through the RAS-ROS-glutamate pathway in the PVN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hong-Li Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Lian Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Fan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Lin-Lin Jia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jin-Jun Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
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Pomegranate extract decreases oxidative stress and alleviates mitochondrial impairment by activating AMPK-Nrf2 in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34246. [PMID: 27713551 PMCID: PMC5054377 DOI: 10.1038/srep34246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High blood pressure, or “hypertension,” is associated with high levels of oxidative stress in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. While pomegranate extract is a known antioxidant that is thought to have antihypertensive effects, the mechanism whereby pomegranate extract lowers blood pressure and the tissue that mediates its antihypertensive effects are currently unknown. We have used a spontaneously hypertensive rat model to investigate the antihypertensive properties of pomegranate extract. We found that chronic treatment of hypertensive rats with pomegranate extract significantly reduced blood pressure and cardiac hypertrophy. Furthermore, pomegranate extract reduced oxidative stress, increased the antioxidant defense system, and decreased inflammation in the paraventricular nucleus of hypertensive rats. We determined that pomegranate extract reduced mitochondrial superoxide anion levels and increased mitochondrial function in the paraventricular nucleus of hypertensive rats by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and improving mitochondrial dynamics and clearance. We went on to identify the AMPK-nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway as a mechanism whereby pomegranate extract reduces oxidative stress in the paraventricular nucleus to relieve hypertension. Our findings demonstrate that pomegranate extract alleviates hypertension by reducing oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial function in the paraventricular nucleus, and reveal multiple novel targets for therapeutic treatment of hypertension.
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Yi QY, Li HB, Qi J, Yu XJ, Huo CJ, Li X, Bai J, Gao HL, Kou B, Liu KL, Zhang DD, Chen WS, Cui W, Zhu GQ, Shi XL, Kang YM. Chronic infusion of epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus attenuates hypertension and sympathoexcitation by restoring neurotransmitters and cytokines. Toxicol Lett 2016; 262:105-113. [PMID: 27659729 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain are involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), one of the active compounds in green tea, has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and vascular protective properties. This study was designed to determine whether chronic infusion of EGCG into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) attenuates ROS and sympathetic activity and delays the progression of hypertension by up-regulating anti-inflammatory cytokines, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICs) and decreasing nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activity, as well as restoring the neurotransmitters balance in the PVN of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Adult normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and SHR received bilateral PVN infusion of EGCG (20μg/h) or vehicle via osmotic minipumps for 4 weeks. SHR showed higher mean arterial pressure, plasma proinflammatory cytokines and circulating norepinephrine (NE) levels compared with WKY rats. SHR also had higher PVN levels of the subunit of NAD(P)H oxidase (gp91phox), ROS, tyrosine hydroxylase, and PICs; increased NF-κB activity; and lower PVN levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and 67kDa isoform of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD67) than WKY rats. PVN infusion of EGCG attenuated all these changes in SHR. These findings suggest that SHR have an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, as well as an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the PVN. Chronic inhibition of ROS in the PVN restores the balance of neurotransmitters and cytokines in the PVN, thereby attenuating hypertensive response and sympathetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yue Yi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an 710061, China; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hong-Bao Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jie Qi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Chan-Juan Huo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Juan Bai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hong-Li Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Bo Kou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Dong-Dong Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiao-Lian Shi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Vagal afferents, sympathetic efferents and the role of the PVN in heart failure. Auton Neurosci 2016; 199:38-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Gao HL, Yu XJ, Qi J, Yi QY, Jing WH, Sun WY, Cui W, Mu JJ, Yuan ZY, Zhao XF, Liu KL, Zhu GQ, Shi XL, Liu JJ, Kang YM. Oral CoQ10 attenuates high salt-induced hypertension by restoring neurotransmitters and cytokines in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30301. [PMID: 27452860 PMCID: PMC4958989 DOI: 10.1038/srep30301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
High salt intake leads to an increase in some proinflammatory cytokines and neurotransmitters involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The purpose of this work was to know if oral administration of anti-oxidant and free-radical scavenger CoQ10 may attenuate high salt-induced hypertension via regulating neurotransmitters and cytokines in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed with a normal salt diet (NS, 0.3% NaCl) or a high salt diet (HS, 8% NaCl) for 15 weeks to induce hypertension. These rats received CoQ10 (10 mg/kg/day) dissolved in olive oil was given by gavage (10 mg/kg/day) for 15 weeks. HS resulted in higher mean arterial pressure (MAP) and the sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA). These HS rats had higher PVN levels of norepinephrine (NE), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), interleukin (IL)-1β, NOX2 and NOX4, lower PVN levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), IL-10, copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) and the 67-kDa isoform of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD67), as compared with NS group. CoQ10 supplementation reduced NE, TH, IL-1β, NOX2 and NOX4 in the PVN, and induced IL-10, Cu/Zn-SOD and GAD67 in the PVN. These findings suggest that CoQ10 supplementation restores neurotransmitters and cytokines in the PVN, thereby attenuating high salt-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Li Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jie Qi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Yi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Wang-Hui Jing
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Wen-Yan Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jian-Jun Mu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zu-Yi Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiu-Fang Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiao-Lian Shi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jin-Jun Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
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TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling and PPAR-γ within the paraventricular nucleus are involved in the effects of telmisartan in hypertension. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 305:93-102. [PMID: 27292124 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous findings from our laboratory and others indicate that the main therapeutic effect of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1-R) antagonists is to decrease blood pressure and exert anti-inflammatory effects in the cardiovascular system. In this study, we determined whether AT1-R antagonist telmisartan within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) attenuates hypertension and hypothalamic inflammation via both the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) in the PVN in hypertensive rats. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were treated for 4weeks through bilateral PVN infusion with the AT1-R antagonist telmisartan (TEL, 10μg/h), or losartan (LOS, 20μg/h), or the PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662 (GW, 100μg/h), or vehicle via osmotic minipump. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was recorded by a tail-cuff occlusion method. PVN tissue and blood were collected for the measurement of AT1-R, PPAR-γ, pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), TLR4, MyD88, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activity and plasma norepinephrine (NE), respectively. Hypertensive rats exhibited significantly higher level of AT1-R and lower level of PPAR-γ in the PVN. PVN treatment with TEL attenuated MAP, improved cardiac hypertrophy, reduced TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS levels, and plasma NE in SHR but not in WKY rats. These results were associated with reduced TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB levels and increased PPAR-γ level in the PVN of hypertensive rats. Our findings suggest that TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling and PPAR-γ within the PVN are involved in the beneficial effects of telmisartan in hypertension.
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Inhibition of ACE Retards Tau Hyperphosphorylation and Signs of Neuronal Degeneration in Aged Rats Subjected to Chronic Mild Stress. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:917156. [PMID: 26697495 PMCID: PMC4677170 DOI: 10.1155/2015/917156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With increasing life expectancy, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other types of age-associated dementia are on the rise worldwide. Treatment approaches for dementia are insufficient and novel therapies are not readily available. In this context repurposing of established drugs appears attractive. A well-established class of cardiovascular drugs, which targets the angiotensin II system, is such a candidate, which currently undergoes a paradigm shift with regard to the potential benefit for treatment of neurodegenerative symptoms. In search for additional evidence, we subjected aged rats to chronic unpredictable mild stress, which is known to enhance the development of AD-related neuropathological features. We report here that four weeks of chronic mild stress induced a strong upregulation of the hippocampal angiotensin-converting enzyme (Ace) at gene expression and protein level. Concomitantly, tau protein hyperphosphorylation developed. Signs of neurodegeneration were detected by the significant downregulation of neuronal structure proteins such as microtubule-associated protein 2 (Map2) and synuclein-gamma (Sncg). Ace was involved in neurodegenerative symptoms because treatment with the brain-penetrating ACE inhibitor, captopril, retarded tau hyperphosphorylation and signs of neurodegeneration. Moreover, ACE inhibitor treatment could counteract glutamate neurotoxicity by preventing the downregulation of glutamate decarboxylase 2 (Gad2). Taken together, ACE inhibition targets neurodegeneration triggered by environmental stress.
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Su Q, Liu JJ, Cui W, Shi XL, Guo J, Li HB, Huo CJ, Miao YW, Zhang M, Yang Q, Kang YM. Alpha lipoic acid supplementation attenuates reactive oxygen species in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and sympathoexcitation in high salt-induced hypertension. Toxicol Lett 2015; 241:152-8. [PMID: 26518973 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS High salt-induced oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of hypertension. Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) is extensively recognized as having a powerful superoxide inhibitory property. In this study, we determined whether ALA supplementation attenuates oxidative stress in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), decreases the sympathetic activity and arterial pressure in high salt-induced hypertension by cross-talking with renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICs). METHODS Male Wistar rats were administered a normal-salt diet (NS, 0.3% NaCl) or a high-salt diet (HS, 8.0% NaCl) for 8 weeks. These rats received ALA (60mg/kg) dissolved in vehicle (0.9% saline) or an equal voleme of vehicle, by gastric perfusion for 9 weeks. RESULTS High salt intake resulted in higher renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). These rats also had higher levels of superoxide, gp91(phox), gp47(phox) (subunits of NAD(P)H oxidase), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II type1 receptor (AT1-R), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and lower levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) than control animals. Treatment with ALA significantly attenuated the levels of superoxide, gp91(phox), gp47(phox), ACE, AT1-R, IL-1β and IL-6, increased the levels of IL-10 and Cu/Zn-SOD, and decreased MAP and RSNA compared with high-salt induced hypertensive rats. The mRNA expression of gp47(phox) and gp91(phox) are in accordance with their protein expression. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that supplementation of ALA obviously decreases the sympathetic activity and arterial pressure in high salt-induced hypertension by improving the superoxide inhibitory property, suppressing the activation of RAS and restoring the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the PVN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Su
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jin-Jun Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Lian Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hong-Bao Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Chan-Juan Huo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yu-Wang Miao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Li HB, Qin DN, Suo YP, Guo J, Su Q, Miao YW, Sun WY, Yi QY, Cui W, Cheng K, Zhu GQ, Kang YM. Blockade of Salusin-β in Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus Attenuates Hypertension and Cardiac Hypertrophy in Salt-induced Hypertensive Rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2015; 66:323-31. [PMID: 26038832 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Salusin-β, a multifunctional bioactive peptide, is considered as a promising candidate biomarker for predicting cardiovascular diseases. This study was designed to determine whether inhibition of salusin-β in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) delays the progression of hypertension and attenuates cardiac hypertrophy by restoring neurotransmitters and cytokines. Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed with a normal salt diet (NS, 0.3%) or a high salt diet (HS, 8%) for 8 weeks to induce hypertension. Then, these rats received bilateral PVN infusion of a specific salusin-β blocker, antisalusin-β IgG (SIgG), or control IgG (CIgG) for 2 weeks. HS rats exhibited higher mean arterial pressure and cardiac hypertrophy as indicated by increased whole heart weight/bodyweight ratio, whole heart weight/tibia length ratio, left ventricular weight/tibia length ratio, and messenger RNA levels of cardiac atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and β-myosin heavy chain. Compared with NS rats, HS rats had higher levels of glutamate, norepinephrine, tyrosine hydroxylase, proinflammatory cytokines, and lower levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid, interleukin 10, and the 67-kDa isoform of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD67) in the PVN, and higher plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Chronic PVN infusion of SIgG attenuated all these changes in HS rats. Our findings suggest that HS rats have an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, as well as an imbalance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the PVN; and chronic inhibition of salusin-β in the PVN restores neurotransmitters and cytokines in the PVN, thereby attenuating hypertensive responses and cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bao Li
- *Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an, China; †Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China; ‡Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China; §Department of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Public Health, Xi'an, China; ¶Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; ‖Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; and **Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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NMDA Receptor Plasticity in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus Contributes to the Elevated Blood Pressure Produced by Angiotensin II. J Neurosci 2015; 35:9558-67. [PMID: 26134639 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2301-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) is associated with glutamate-dependent dysregulation of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Many forms of glutamate-dependent plasticity are mediated by NMDA receptor GluN1 subunit expression and the distribution of functional receptor to the plasma membrane of dendrites. Here, we use a combined ultrastructural and functional analysis to examine the relationship between PVN NMDA receptors and the blood pressure increase induced by chronic infusion of a low dose of Ang II. We report that the increase in blood pressure produced by a 2 week administration of a subpressor dose of Ang II results in an elevation in plasma membrane GluN1 in dendrites of PVN neurons in adult male mice. The functional implications of these observations are further demonstrated by the finding that GluN1 deletion in PVN neurons attenuated the Ang II-induced increases in blood pressure. These results indicate that NMDA receptor plasticity in PVN neurons significantly contributes to the elevated blood pressure mediated by Ang II.
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Li HB, Qin DN, Cheng K, Su Q, Miao YW, Guo J, Zhang M, Zhu GQ, Kang YM. Central blockade of salusin β attenuates hypertension and hypothalamic inflammation in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11162. [PMID: 26220637 PMCID: PMC4518230 DOI: 10.1038/srep11162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Salusin β is a multifunctional bioactive peptide and is considered as a promising candidate biomarker for predicting atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. The present study was designed to investigate the roles and mechanisms of salusin β in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in attenuating hypertension and hypothalamic inflammation and whether central salusin β blockade has protective effects in essential hypertension. Normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were used in this study. The rats were chronic PVN infusion either specific salusin β blocker, antisalusin β IgG (SIgG), or control IgG (CIgG) for 2 weeks. Hypertensive rats had significantly increased salusin β expression compared with normotensive rats. Central blockade of salusin β attenuated hypertension, reduced circulating norepinephrine (NE) levels, and improved cardiac hypertrophy and function in hypertensive rats. Salusin β blockade significantly reduced proinflammatory cytokines (PICs), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and altered renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components in the PVN of hypertensive rats. These findings suggest that the beneficial effects of salusin β blockade in essential hypertension are possibly due to down-regulate of inflammatory molecules and ROS in the PVN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bao Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Da-Nian Qin
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Kang Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Yu-Wang Miao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
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Zhang M, Qin DN, Suo YP, Su Q, Li HB, Miao YW, Guo J, Feng ZP, Qi J, Gao HL, Mu JJ, Zhu GQ, Kang YM. Endogenous hydrogen peroxide in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus regulates neurohormonal excitation in high salt-induced hypertension. Toxicol Lett 2015; 235:206-15. [PMID: 25891026 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain plays an important role in the progression of hypertension and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a major component of ROS. The aim of this study is to explore whether endogenous H2O2 changed by polyethylene glycol-catalase (PEG-CAT) and aminotriazole (ATZ) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) regulates neurotransmitters, renin-angiotensin system (RAS), and cytokines, and whether subsequently affects the renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in high salt-induced hypertension. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received a high-salt diet (HS, 8% NaCl) or a normal-salt diet (NS, 0.3% NaCl) for 10 weeks. Then rats were treated with bilateral PVN microinjection of PEG-CAT (0.2 i.u./50nl), an analog of endogenous catalase, the catalase inhibitor ATZ (10nmol/50nl) or vehicle. High salt-fed rats had significantly increased MAP, RSNA, plasma norepinephrine (NE) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICs). In addition, rats with high-salt diet had higher levels of NOX-2, NOX-4 (subunits of NAD(P)H oxidase), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), glutamate and NE, and lower levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the PVN than normal diet rats. Bilateral PVN microinjection of PEG-CAT attenuated the levels of RAS and restored the balance of neurotransmitters and cytokines, while microinjection of ATZ into the PVN augmented those changes occurring in hypertensive rats. Our findings demonstrate that ROS component H2O2 in the PVN regulating MAP and RSNA are partly due to modulate neurotransmitters, renin-angiotensin system, and cytokines within the PVN in salt-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Da-Nian Qin
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yu-Ping Suo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hong-Bao Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yu-Wang Miao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jie Qi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hong-Li Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jian-Jun Mu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
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40
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Yu XJ, Zhang DM, Jia LL, Qi J, Song XA, Tan H, Cui W, Chen W, Zhu GQ, Qin DN, Kang YM. Inhibition of NF-κB activity in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus attenuates hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy by modulating cytokines and attenuating oxidative stress. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 284:315-22. [PMID: 25759242 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that chronic inhibition of NF-κB activity in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) delays the progression of hypertension and attenuates cardiac hypertrophy by up-regulating anti-inflammatory cytokines, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICs), attenuating nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 and NAD(P)H oxidase in the PVN of young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Young normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and SHR rats received bilateral PVN infusions with NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) or vehicle for 4 weeks. SHR rats had higher mean arterial pressure and cardiac hypertrophy as indicated by increased whole heart weight/body weight ratio, whole heart weight/tibia length ratio, left ventricular weight/tibia length ratio, cardiomyocyte diameters of the left cardiac ventricle, and mRNA expressions of cardiac atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and beta-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC). These SHR rats had higher PVN levels of proinflammatory cytokines (PICs), reactive oxygen species (ROS), the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), NAD(P)H oxidase activity, mRNA expression of NOX-2 and NOX-4, and lower PVN IL-10, and higher plasma levels of PICs and NE, and lower plasma IL-10. PVN infusion of NF-κB inhibitor PDTC attenuated all these changes. These findings suggest that NF-κB activation in the PVN increases sympathoexcitation and hypertensive response, which are associated with the increases of PICs and oxidative stress in the PVN; PVN inhibition of NF-κB activity attenuates PICs and oxidative stress in the PVN, thereby attenuates hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Dong-Mei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lin-Lin Jia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jie Qi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xin-Ai Song
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hong Tan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Wensheng Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Da-Nian Qin
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
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41
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Li W, Sullivan MN, Zhang S, Worker CJ, Xiong Z, Speth RC, Feng Y. Intracerebroventricular infusion of the (Pro)renin receptor antagonist PRO20 attenuates deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-induced hypertension. Hypertension 2014; 65:352-61. [PMID: 25421983 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.04458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that binding of prorenin to the (pro)renin receptor (PRR) plays a major role in brain angiotensin II formation and the development of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension. Here, we designed and developed an antagonistic peptide, PRO20, to block prorenin binding to the PRR. Fluorescently labeled PRO20 bound to both mouse and human brain tissues with dissociation constants of 4.4 and 1.8 nmol/L, respectively. This binding was blocked by coincubation with prorenin and was diminished in brains of neuron-specific PRR-knockout mice, indicating specificity of PRO20 for PRR. In cultured human neuroblastoma cells, PRO20 blocked prorenin-induced calcium influx in a concentration- and AT(1) receptor-dependent manner. Intracerebroventricular infusion of PRO20 dose-dependently inhibited prorenin-induced hypertension in C57Bl6/J mice. Furthermore, acute intracerebroventricular infusion of PRO20 reduced blood pressure in both DOCA-salt and genetically hypertensive mice. Chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of PRO20 attenuated the development of hypertension and the increase in brain hypothalamic angiotensin II levels induced by DOCA-salt. In addition, chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of PRO20 improved autonomic function and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity in mice treated with DOCA-salt. In summary, PRO20 binds to both mouse and human PRRs and decreases angiotensin II formation and hypertension induced by either prorenin or DOCA-salt. Our findings highlight the value of the novel PRR antagonist, PRO20, as a lead compound for a novel class of antihypertensive agents and as a research tool to establish the validity of brain PRR antagonism as a strategy for treating hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Li
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Colorado State University, Fort Collins (W.L., M.N.S., C.J.W., Y.F.); Department of Physiology, Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence (S.Z.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Z.X.), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (R.C.S.)
| | - Michelle N Sullivan
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Colorado State University, Fort Collins (W.L., M.N.S., C.J.W., Y.F.); Department of Physiology, Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence (S.Z.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Z.X.), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (R.C.S.)
| | - Sheng Zhang
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Colorado State University, Fort Collins (W.L., M.N.S., C.J.W., Y.F.); Department of Physiology, Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence (S.Z.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Z.X.), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (R.C.S.)
| | - Caleb J Worker
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Colorado State University, Fort Collins (W.L., M.N.S., C.J.W., Y.F.); Department of Physiology, Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence (S.Z.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Z.X.), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (R.C.S.)
| | - Zhenggang Xiong
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Colorado State University, Fort Collins (W.L., M.N.S., C.J.W., Y.F.); Department of Physiology, Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence (S.Z.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Z.X.), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (R.C.S.)
| | - Robert C Speth
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Colorado State University, Fort Collins (W.L., M.N.S., C.J.W., Y.F.); Department of Physiology, Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence (S.Z.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Z.X.), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (R.C.S.)
| | - Yumei Feng
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Colorado State University, Fort Collins (W.L., M.N.S., C.J.W., Y.F.); Department of Physiology, Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence (S.Z.), and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Z.X.), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL (R.C.S.).
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