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Wei R, Wei P, Yuan H, Yi X, Aschner M, Jiang YM, Li SJ. Inflammation in Metal-Induced Neurological Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:4459-4481. [PMID: 38206494 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-04041-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Essential metals play critical roles in maintaining human health as they participate in various physiological activities. Nonetheless, both excessive accumulation and deficiency of these metals may result in neurotoxicity secondary to neuroinflammation and the activation of microglia and astrocytes. Activation of these cells can promote the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. It is well known that neuroinflammation plays a critical role in metal-induced neurotoxicity as well as the development of neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Initially seen as a defense mechanism, persistent inflammatory responses are now considered harmful. Astrocytes and microglia are key regulators of neuroinflammation in the central nervous system, and their excessive activation may induce sustained neuroinflammation. Therefore, in this review, we aim to emphasize the important role and molecular mechanisms underlying metal-induced neurotoxicity. Our objective is to raise the awareness on metal-induced neuroinflammation in neurological disorders. However, it is not only just neuroinflammation that different metals could induce; they can also cause harm to the nervous system through oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy, to name a few. The primary pathophysiological mechanism by which these metals induce neurological disorders remains to be determined. In addition, given the various pathways through which individuals are exposed to metals, it is necessary to also consider the effects of co-exposure to multiple metals on neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruokun Wei
- Toxicology Department, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Peiqi Wei
- Toxicology Department, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Haiyan Yuan
- Toxicology Department, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiang Yi
- Toxicology Department, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Michael Aschner
- The Department of Molecular Pharmacology at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Yue-Ming Jiang
- Toxicology Department, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Shao-Jun Li
- Toxicology Department, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuang-yong Rd., Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Eriten B, Caglayan C, Gür C, Küçükler S, Diril H. Hepatoprotective effects of zingerone on sodium arsenite-induced hepatotoxicity in rats: Modulating the levels of caspase-3/Bax/Bcl-2, NLRP3/NF-κB/TNF-α and ATF6/IRE1/PERK/GRP78 signaling pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 725:150258. [PMID: 38897041 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long-term exposure to arsenic has been linked to several illnesses, including hypertension, diabetes, hepatic and renal diseases and cardiovascular malfunction. The aim of the current investigation was to determine whether zingerone (ZN) could shield rats against the hepatotoxicity that sodium arsenite (SA) causes. METHODS The following five groups of thirty-five male Sprague Dawley rats were created: I) Control; received normal saline, II) ZN; received ZN, III) SA; received SA, IV) SA + ZN 25; received 10 mg/kg body weight SA + 25 mg/kg body weight ZN, and V) SA + ZN 50; received 10 mg/kg body weight SA + 50 mg/kg body weight ZN. The experiment lasted 14 days, and the rats were sacrificed on the 15th day. While oxidative stress parameters were studied by spectrophotometric method, apoptosis, inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress parameters were measured by RT-PCR method. RESULTS The SA disrupted the histological architecture and integrity of the liver and enhanced oxidative damage by lowering antioxidant enzyme activity, such as those of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) level and increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the liver tissue. Additionally, SA increased the mRNA transcript levels of Bcl2 associated x (Bax), caspases (-3, -6, -9), apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 (Apaf-1), p53, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14), MAPK15, receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) and nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) in the liver tissue. Also produced endoplasmic reticulum stress by raising the mRNA transcript levels of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF-6), protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP-78). These factors together led to inflammation, apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. On the other hand, liver tissue treated with ZN at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg showed significant improvement in oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the study's data suggest that administering ZN may be able to lessen the liver damage caused by SA toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Eriten
- Department of Pathology, Sancaktepe Sehit Prof. Dr. Ilhan Varank Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Cuneyt Caglayan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey.
| | - Cihan Gür
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sefa Küçükler
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Halit Diril
- Medical Biochemistry Laboratory, Dursun Odabaş Medical Center, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
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Chuanboding, Wang N, He H, Sun X, Bi X, Li A, Sun P, Li J, Yan L, Gao Y, Shen L, Ting Z, Zhang S. Advances in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus by natural plant polysaccharides through regulation of gut microbiota and metabolism: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133466. [PMID: 38942411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence and impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global health problem. The treatment process of T2DM is long and difficult to cure. Therefore, it is necessary to explore alternative or complementary methods to deal with the various challenges brought by T2DM. Natural plant polysaccharides (NPPs) have certain potential in the treatment of T2DM. However, many studies have not considered the relationship between the structure of NPPs and their anti-T2DM activity. This paper reviews the relevant anti-T2DM mechanisms of NPPs, including modulation of insulin action, promotion of glucose metabolism and modulation of postprandial glucose levels, anti-inflammation and modulation of gut microbiota (GM) and metabolism. This paper provides an in-depth study of the conformational relationships of NPPs and facilitates the development of anti-T2DM drugs or dietary supplements with NPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanboding
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China; Jilin Aodong Yanbian Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture 133000, China
| | - Ning Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Huiying He
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiaohang Sun
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiaoyu Bi
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Anning Li
- Jilin Aodong Yanbian Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture 133000, China
| | - Pingping Sun
- Jilin Aodong Yanbian Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture 133000, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- Jilin Aodong Yanbian Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture 133000, China
| | - Li Yan
- Jilin Aodong Yanbian Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture 133000, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Jilin Jianwei Natural Biotechnology Co., Baishan 134600, China
| | - Liqian Shen
- Jilin Jianwei Natural Biotechnology Co., Baishan 134600, China
| | - Zhao Ting
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China.
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China; College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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Jin X, Dong W, Chang K, Yan Y. Research on the signaling pathways related to the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine in Parkinson's disease:A literature review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 326:117850. [PMID: 38331124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting more than 10 million people worldwide and is characterized by the progressive loss of Daergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. It has been reported that signaling pathways play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PD, while the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have been found to possess a protective effect against PD. TCM has demonstrated significant potential in mitigating oxidative stress (OS), neuroinflammation, and apoptosis of DA neurons via the regulation of signaling pathways associated with PD. AIM OF THE REVIEW This study discussed and analyzed the signaling pathways involved in the occurrence and development of PD and the mechanism of active ingredients of TCM regulating PD via signaling pathways, with the aim of providing a basis for the development and clinical application of therapeutic strategies for TCM in PD. MATERIALS AND METHODS With "Parkinson's disease", "Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease", "Lewy Body Parkinson's Disease", "Parkinson's Disease, Idiopathic", "Parkinson Disease, Idiopathic", "Parkinson's disorders", "Parkinsonism syndrome", "Traditional Chinese medicine", "Chinese herbal medicine", "active ingredients", "medicinal plants" as the main keywords, PubMed, Web of Science and other online search engines were used for literature retrieval. RESULTS PD exhibits a close association with various signaling pathways, including but not limited to MAPKs, NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, Nrf2/ARE, Wnt/β-catenin, TLR/TRIF, NLRP3, Notch. The therapeutic potential of TCM lies in its ability to regulate these signaling pathways. In addition, the active ingredients of TCM have shown significant effects in improving OS, neuroinflammation, and DA neuron apoptosis in PD. CONCLUSION The active ingredients of TCM have unique advantages in regulating PD-related signaling pathways. It is suggested to combine network pharmacology and bioinformatics to study the specific targets of TCM. This not only provides a new way for the prevention and treatment of PD with the active ingredients of TCM, but also provides a scientific basis for the selection and development of TCM preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxia Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Quality Assurance and Sustainable Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Chinese Medicine Resource Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Wendi Dong
- Foshan Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Kaile Chang
- Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Yongmei Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Quality Assurance and Sustainable Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Chinese Medicine Resource Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China; Department of Encephalopathy, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712000, China.
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Panda SP, Kesharwani A, Datta S, Prasanth DSNBK, Panda SK, Guru A. JAK2/STAT3 as a new potential target to manage neurodegenerative diseases: An interactive review. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 970:176490. [PMID: 38492876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are a collection of incapacitating disorders in which neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis are major pathological consequences due to oxidative stress. Neuroinflammation manifests in the impacted cerebral areas as a result of pro-inflammatory cytokines stimulating the Janus Kinase2 (JAK2)/Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription3 (STAT3) pathway via neuronal cells. The pro-inflammatory cytokines bind to their respective receptor in the neuronal cells and allow activation of JAK2. Activated JAK2 phosphorylates tyrosines on the intracellular domains of the receptor which recruit the STAT3 transcription factor. The neuroinflammation issues are exacerbated by the active JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in conjunction with additional transcription factors like nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Neuronal apoptosis is a natural process made worse by persistent neuroinflammation and immunological responses via caspase-3 activation. The dysregulation of micro-RNA (miR) expression has been observed in the consequences of neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis. Neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis-associated gene amplification may be caused by dysregulated miR-mediated aberrant phosphorylation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway components. Therefore, JAK2/STAT3 is an attractive therapeutic target for NDDs. Numerous synthetic and natural small molecules as JAK2/STAT3 inhibitors have therapeutic advances against a wide range of diseases, and many are now in human clinical studies. This review explored the interactive role of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling system with key pathological factors during the reinforcement of NDDs. Also, the clinical trial data provides reasoning evidence about the possible use of JAK2/STAT3 inhibitors to abate neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis in NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Prasad Panda
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Adarsh Kesharwani
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Samaresh Datta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Birbhum Pharmacy School, Sadaipur, Birbhum, West Bengal, India
| | - D S N B K Prasanth
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS), Polepally SEZ, TSIIC, Jadcherla, Mahbubnagar, Hyderabad, 509301, India
| | | | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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Li Z, Li M, Li D, Chen Y, Feng W, Zhao T, Yang L, Mao G, Wu X. A review of cumulative toxic effects of environmental endocrine disruptors on the zebrafish immune system: Characterization methods, toxic effects and mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 246:118010. [PMID: 38157964 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), are a type of exogenous organic pollutants, are ubiquitous in natural aquatic environments. Currently, in addition to neurological, endocrine, developmental and reproductive toxicity, ecotoxicology studies on immunotoxicity are receiving increasing attention. In this review, the composition of immune system of zebrafish, the common indicators of immunotoxicity, the immunotoxicity of EDCs and their molecular mechanism were summarized. We reviewed the immunotoxicity of EDCs on zebrafish mainly in terms of immune organs, immunocytes, immune molecules and immune functions, meanwhile, the possible molecular mechanisms driving these effects were elucidated in terms of endocrine disruption, dysregulation of signaling pathways, and oxidative damage. Hopefully, this review will provide a reference for further investigation of the immunotoxicity of EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixu Li
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Muge Li
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Dan Li
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Weiwei Feng
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Guanghua Mao
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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Geng M, Shao Q, Fu J, Gu J, Feng L, Zhao L, Liu C, Mu J, Zhang X, Zhao M, Guo X, Song C, Li Y, Wang H, Wang C. Down-regulation of MKP-1 in hippocampus protects against stress-induced depression-like behaviors and neuroinflammation. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:130. [PMID: 38424085 PMCID: PMC10904742 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02846-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is the primary environmental risk factor for major depressive disorder (MDD), and there is compelling evidence that neuroinflammation is the major pathomechanism linking chronic stress to MDD. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) is a negative regulator of MAPK signaling pathways involved in cellular stress responses, survival, and neuroinflammation. We examined the possible contributions of MKP-1 to stress-induced MDD by comparing depression-like behaviors (anhedonia, motor retardation, behavioral despair), neuroinflammatory marker expression, and MAPK signaling pathways among rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), overexpressing MKP-1 in the hippocampus, and CUMS-exposed rats underexpressing MKP-1 in the hippocampus. Rats exposed to CUMS exhibited MKP-1 overexpression, greater numbers of activated microglia, and enhanced expressions of neuroinflammatory markers (interleukin [IL]-6, [IL]-1β, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-ɑ, and decreased phosphorylation levels of ERK and p38 in the hippocampus as well as anhedonia in the sucrose preference test, motor retardation in the open field, and greater immobility (despair) in the forced swimming tests. These signs of neuroinflammation and depression-like behaviors and phosphorylation levels of ERK and p38 were also observed in rats overexpressing MKP-1 without CUMS exposure, while CUMS-induced neuroinflammation, microglial activation, phosphorylation levels of ERK and p38, and depression-like behaviors were significantly reversed by MKP-1 knockdown. Moreover, MKP-1 knockdown promoted the activation of the MAPK isoform ERK, implying that the antidepressant-like effects of MKP-1 knockdown may be mediated by the ERK pathway disinhibition. These findings suggested that hippocampal MKP-1 is an essential regulator of stress-induced neuroinflammation and a promising target for antidepressant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Geng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, 453002, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, 453002, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Qiujing Shao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, 453002, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, 453002, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Jiacheng Fu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, 453002, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, 453002, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Jingyang Gu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, 453002, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Laipeng Feng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, 453002, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, 453002, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Liqin Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, 453002, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Cong Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, 453002, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Junlin Mu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, 453002, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, 453002, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Mingjun Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, 453002, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xinsheng Guo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, 453002, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, 453002, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Cai Song
- Guangdong Ocean University College of Food Science and Technoligy, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yan Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450014, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Huiying Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, 453002, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, 453002, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
| | - Changhong Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, 453002, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, 453002, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Sleep Medicine, 453002, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
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Ganie SY, Javaid D, Hajam YA, Reshi MS. Arsenic toxicity: sources, pathophysiology and mechanism. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfad111. [PMID: 38178998 PMCID: PMC10762673 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Arsenic is a naturally occurring element that poses a significant threat to human health due to its widespread presence in the environment, affecting millions worldwide. Sources of arsenic exposure are diverse, stemming from mining activities, manufacturing processes, and natural geological formations. Arsenic manifests in both organic and inorganic forms, with trivalent meta-arsenite (As3+) and pentavalent arsenate (As5+) being the most common inorganic forms. The trivalent state, in particular, holds toxicological significance due to its potent interactions with sulfur-containing proteins. Objective The primary objective of this review is to consolidate current knowledge on arsenic toxicity, addressing its sources, chemical forms, and the diverse pathways through which it affects human health. It also focuses on the impact of arsenic toxicity on various organs and systems, as well as potential molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in arsenic-induced pathogenesis. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted, encompassing studies from diverse fields such as environmental science, toxicology, and epidemiology. Key databases like PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science Direct were searched using predetermined criteria to select relevant articles, with a focus on recent research and comprehensive reviews to unravel the toxicological manifestations of arsenic, employing various animal models to discern the underlying mechanisms of arsenic toxicity. Results The review outlines the multifaceted aspects of arsenic toxicity, including its association with chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurotoxicity. The emphasis is placed on elucidating the role of oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and epigenetic modifications in arsenic-induced cellular damage. Additionally, the impact of arsenic on vulnerable populations and potential interventions are discussed. Conclusions Arsenic toxicity represents a complex and pervasive public health issue with far-reaching implications. Understanding the diverse pathways through which arsenic exerts its toxic effects is crucial to developing effective mitigation strategies and interventions. Further research is needed to fill gaps in our understanding of arsenic toxicity and to inform public health policies aimed at minimising exposure.Arsenic toxicity is a crucial public health problem influencing millions of people around the world. The possible sources of arsenic toxicity includes mining, manufacturing processes and natural geological sources. Arsenic exists in organic as well as in inorganic forms. Trivalent meta-arsenite (As3+) and pentavalent arsenate (As5+) are two most common inorganic forms of arsenic. Trivalent oxidation state is toxicologically more potent due to its potential to interact with sulfur containing proteins. Humans are exposed to arsenic in many ways such as environment and consumption of arsenic containing foods. Drinking of arsenic-contaminated groundwater is an unavoidable source of poisoning, especially in India, Bangladesh, China, and some Central and South American countries. Plenty of research has been carried out on toxicological manifestation of arsenic in different animal models to identify the actual mechanism of aresenic toxicity. Therefore, we have made an effort to summarize the toxicology of arsenic, its pathophysiological impacts on various organs and its molecular mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Yousuf Ganie
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir 185234, India
| | - Darakhshan Javaid
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir 185234, India
| | - Younis Ahmad Hajam
- Department of Life Sciences and Allied Health Sciences, Sant Baba Bhag Singh University, Jalandhar, Punjab 144030, India
| | - Mohd Salim Reshi
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir 185234, India
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Guan X, Wu J, Geng J, Ji D, Wei D, Ling Y, Zhang Y, Jiang G, Pang T, Huang Z. A Novel Hybrid of Telmisartan and Borneol Ameliorates Neuroinflammation and White Matter Injury in Ischemic Stroke Through ATF3/CH25H Axis. Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:195-218. [PMID: 36577854 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic stroke causes substantial white matter injury, which is further aggravated by neuroinflammation mediated by microglia/astrocytes. Given the anti-neuroinflammatory action of telmisartan and the enhancing blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability potential of resuscitation-inducing aromatic herbs, 13 hybrids (3a-m) of telmisartan (or its simplified analogues) with resuscitation-inducing aromatic agents were designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated. Among them, the optimal compound 3a (the ester hybrid of telmisartan and (+)-borneol) potently inhibited neuroinflammation mediated by microglia/astrocytes and ameliorated ischemic stroke. Particularly, 3a significantly conferred protection for white matter integrity after cerebral ischemic stroke via decreasing abnormally dephosphorylated neurofilament protein, upregulating myelin basic protein, and attenuating oligodendrocyte damage. Further RNA-sequencing data revealed that 3a upregulated expression of transcriptional regulator ATF3 to reduce the expression of CH25H, prevented proinflammatory state of lipid-droplet-accumulating microglia/astrocytes to limit excessive inflammation, and eventually protected neighboring oligodendrocytes to prevent white matter injury. Taken with the desirable pharmacokinetics behavior and improved brain distribution, 3a may be a feasible therapeutic agent for ischemic stroke and other neurological disorders with white matter injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Duorui Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Dasha Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Ling
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojun Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, 311201, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhangjian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Vázquez Cervantes GI, González Esquivel DF, Ramírez Ortega D, Blanco Ayala T, Ramos Chávez LA, López-López HE, Salazar A, Flores I, Pineda B, Gómez-Manzo S, Pérez de la Cruz V. Mechanisms Associated with Cognitive and Behavioral Impairment Induced by Arsenic Exposure. Cells 2023; 12:2537. [PMID: 37947615 PMCID: PMC10649068 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a metalloid naturally present in the environment, in food, water, soil, and air; however, its chronic exposure, even with low doses, represents a public health concern. For a long time, As was used as a pigment, pesticide, wood preservative, and for medical applications; its industrial use has recently decreased or has been discontinued due to its toxicity. Due to its versatile applications and distribution, there is a wide spectrum of human As exposure sources, mainly contaminated drinking water. The fact that As is present in drinking water implies chronic human exposure to this metalloid; it has become a worldwide health problem, since over 200 million people live where As levels exceed safe ranges. Many health problems have been associated with As chronic exposure including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal disturbances, and brain dysfunctions. Because As can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the brain represents a target organ where this metalloid can exert its long-term toxic effects. Many mechanisms of As neurotoxicity have been described: oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction; all of them can converge, thus leading to impaired cellular functions, cell death, and in consequence, long-term detrimental effects. Here, we provide a current overview of As toxicity and integrated the global mechanisms involved in cognitive and behavioral impairment induced by As exposure show experimental strategies against its neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Ignacio Vázquez Cervantes
- Neurobiochemistry and Behavior Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (G.I.V.C.); (D.F.G.E.); (T.B.A.); (H.E.L.-L.)
| | - Dinora Fabiola González Esquivel
- Neurobiochemistry and Behavior Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (G.I.V.C.); (D.F.G.E.); (T.B.A.); (H.E.L.-L.)
| | - Daniela Ramírez Ortega
- Neuroimmunology Department, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (D.R.O.); (A.S.); (I.F.); (B.P.)
| | - Tonali Blanco Ayala
- Neurobiochemistry and Behavior Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (G.I.V.C.); (D.F.G.E.); (T.B.A.); (H.E.L.-L.)
| | - Lucio Antonio Ramos Chávez
- Departamento de Neuromorfología Funcional, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico;
| | - Humberto Emanuel López-López
- Neurobiochemistry and Behavior Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (G.I.V.C.); (D.F.G.E.); (T.B.A.); (H.E.L.-L.)
| | - Alelí Salazar
- Neuroimmunology Department, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (D.R.O.); (A.S.); (I.F.); (B.P.)
| | - Itamar Flores
- Neuroimmunology Department, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (D.R.O.); (A.S.); (I.F.); (B.P.)
| | - Benjamín Pineda
- Neuroimmunology Department, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (D.R.O.); (A.S.); (I.F.); (B.P.)
| | - Saúl Gómez-Manzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, México City 04530, Mexico;
| | - Verónica Pérez de la Cruz
- Neurobiochemistry and Behavior Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (G.I.V.C.); (D.F.G.E.); (T.B.A.); (H.E.L.-L.)
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11
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Babić Leko M, Langer Horvat L, Španić Popovački E, Zubčić K, Hof PR, Šimić G. Metals in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1161. [PMID: 37189779 PMCID: PMC10136077 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of metals in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still debated. Although previous research has linked changes in essential metal homeostasis and exposure to environmental heavy metals to the pathogenesis of AD, more research is needed to determine the relationship between metals and AD. In this review, we included human studies that (1) compared the metal concentrations between AD patients and healthy controls, (2) correlated concentrations of AD cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers with metal concentrations, and (3) used Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the potential metal contributions to AD risk. Although many studies have examined various metals in dementia patients, understanding the dynamics of metals in these patients remains difficult due to considerable inconsistencies among the results of individual studies. The most consistent findings were for Zn and Cu, with most studies observing a decrease in Zn levels and an increase in Cu levels in AD patients. However, several studies found no such relation. Because few studies have compared metal levels with biomarker levels in the CSF of AD patients, more research of this type is required. Given that MR is revolutionizing epidemiologic research, additional MR studies that include participants from diverse ethnic backgrounds to assess the causal relationship between metals and AD risk are critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Babić Leko
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lea Langer Horvat
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ena Španić Popovački
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Klara Zubčić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Patrick R. Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute and Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Goran Šimić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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12
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Li S, Mu X, Ma S, Li X, Gao J, Liu X, Wang H, Wu J, Guo Y, Song C. Xiangshao Granules reduce the aggressive behavior and hippocampal injury of premenstrual irritability in rats by regulating JIK/JNK/p38 signal pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 305:116061. [PMID: 36577489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE As a typical prescription for soothing the liver, Xiangshao granule has a good effect on the symptoms of irritability and anxiety. Clinical evidence suggests that it has significant efficacy in the treatment of Premenstrual dysphoria disorder (PMDD). However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY PMDD is a common disease in women of childbearing age, seriously affecting their family, society, and daily work life. The registered herbal medicine, Xiangshao granules, is used for relieving PMDD dysphoria and irritability symptoms with excellent efficacy in China. This study was focused on the deep intervention mechanism of Xiangshao granules in treating PMDD. MATERIALS AND METHODS The vaginal smear and open field test were used to screen rats in nonreception phase of estrus cycle with similar macroscopic behaviors and regular estrus cycle. The rat model of PMDD irritability was established through social isolation and residential invasion, with which, the irritability symptoms of PMDD patients with menstrual cycle dependence was also well simulated. Elevated plus Maze Test and Social interaction activities were used to measure the anxiety-like behavior of rats. TUNEL Staining and Hematoxylin-Eosin staining were used to measure apoptosis of hippocampal neurons. RT-PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to measure the expression of GR, JIK, p-JIK, p38, P-P38, JNK, caspase 3, and caspase 12. RESULTS In this study, Xiangshao granules showed consistent therapeutic effects similar with those in clinic, significantly reducing aggressive and anxiety-like behaviors with improved social skills in PMDD rats. In mechanism, Xiangshao granules lowered the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and weakened the morphological damage of the hippocampal brain evidenced by the decreased mRNA and protein expression of glucocorticoid receptor, caspase-3, and caspase-12. In addition, administration of Xiangshao granules led to the decreased expression of JIK in the PMDD irritability rat model which agreed well with the previous studies. The JNK/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathway is abnormally activated in the hippocampal brain region of PMDD rats, while treated with Xiangshao granules could increase JIK expression and inhibit the abnormal activation of the JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway, effectively reducing the stress damage in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Xiangshao Granules Reduce the Aggressive Behavior and Hippocampal Injury of Premenstrual Irritability in Rats by Regulating JIK/JNK/p38 Signal Pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Xiangyu Mu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Sufen Ma
- Academic Administration, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jie Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Xiaoju Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Haijuan Wang
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
| | - Junling Wu
- Department of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Yinghui Guo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Chunhong Song
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Stress Injury, Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
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13
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Arsenic trioxide promotes ERK1/2-mediated phosphorylation and degradation of BIM EL to attenuate apoptosis in BEAS-2B cells. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 369:110304. [PMID: 36509116 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic is highly toxic, widely distributed in the human environment and may result in multisystem diseases and several types of cancers. The BCL-2-interacting mediator of cell death protein (BIM) is a key modulator of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Interestingly, in the present study, we found that arsenic trioxide (As2O3) decreased BIMEL levels in human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B and increased BIMEL levels in human lung carcinoma cell line A549 and mouse Sertoli cell line TM4. Mechanismly, the 26S proteasome inhibitors MG132 and bortezomib could effectively inhibit BIMEL degradation induced by As2O3 in BEAS-2B cells. As2O3 activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, but only the ERK1/2 MAPK inhibitor PD98059 blocked BIMEL degradation induced by As2O3. Furthermore, As2O3 induced-phosphorylation of BIMEL at multiple sites was inhibited by ERK1/2 MAPK inhibitor PD98059. Inhibition of As2O3-induced ERK1/2 MAPK phosphorylation increased the levels of BIMEL and cleaved-caspase-3 proteins and decreased BEAS-2B cell viability. As2O3 also markedly mitigated tunicamycin-induced apoptosis of BEAS-2B cells by increasing ERK1/2 phosphorylation and BIMEL degradation. Our results suggest that As2O3-induced activation of the ERK1/2 MAPK pathway increases phosphorylation of BIMEL and promotes BIMEL degradation, thereby alleviating the role of apoptosis in As2O3-induced cell death. This study provides new insights into how to maintain the survival of BEAS-2B cells before malignant transformation induced by high doses of As2O3.
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14
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Babić Leko M, Mihelčić M, Jurasović J, Nikolac Perković M, Španić E, Sekovanić A, Orct T, Zubčić K, Langer Horvat L, Pleić N, Kiđemet-Piskač S, Vogrinc Ž, Pivac N, Diana A, Borovečki F, Hof PR, Šimić G. Heavy Metals and Essential Metals Are Associated with Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:467. [PMID: 36613911 PMCID: PMC9820819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Various metals have been associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), principally heavy metals that are environmental pollutants (such as As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) and essential metals whose homeostasis is disturbed in AD (such as Cu, Fe, and Zn). Although there is evidence of the involvement of these metals in AD, further research is needed on their mechanisms of toxicity. To further assess the involvement of heavy and essential metals in AD pathogenesis, we compared cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers to macro- and microelements measured in CSF and plasma. We tested if macro- and microelements' concentrations (heavy metals (As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Tl), essential metals (Na, Mg, K, Ca, Fe, Co, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Mo), essential non-metals (B, P, S, and Se), and other non-essential metals (Al, Ba, Li, and Sr)) are associated with CSF AD biomarkers that reflect pathological changes in the AD brain (amyloid β1-42, total tau, phosphorylated tau isoforms, NFL, S100B, VILIP-1, YKL-40, PAPP-A, and albumin). We used inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) to determine macro- and microelements in CSF and plasma, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to determine protein biomarkers of AD in CSF. This study included 193 participants (124 with AD, 50 with mild cognitive impairment, and 19 healthy controls). Simple correlation, as well as machine learning algorithms (redescription mining and principal component analysis (PCA)), demonstrated that levels of heavy metals (As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Tl), essential metals (Ca, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, K, and Zn), and essential non-metals (P, S, and Se) are positively associated with CSF phosphorylated tau isoforms, VILIP-1, S100B, NFL, and YKL-40 in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Babić Leko
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Matej Mihelčić
- Department of Mathematics, University of Zagreb Faculty of Science, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Jurasović
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ena Španić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ankica Sekovanić
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Orct
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Klara Zubčić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lea Langer Horvat
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Pleić
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | | | - Željka Vogrinc
- Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nela Pivac
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrea Diana
- Laboratory of Neurogenesis and Neuropoiesis, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Fran Borovečki
- Department for Functional Genomics, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Patrick R. Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Goran Šimić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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15
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Wisessaowapak C, Worasuttayangkurn L, Maliphol K, Nakareangrit W, Cholpraipimolrat W, Nookabkaew S, Watcharasit P, Satayavivad J. The 28-day repeated arsenic exposure increases tau phosphorylation in the rat brain. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 95:103974. [PMID: 36089238 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we examined whether prolonged arsenic exposure altered tau phosphorylation in the brain of Sprague Dawley rats expressing endogenous wild-type tau. The results showed that daily intraperitoneal injections of 2.5 mg/kg BW sodium arsenite over 28 days caused arsenic accumulation in the rat brain. Interestingly, we found an increase in tau phosphorylation at the Tau 1 region (189-207) and S202 in the hippocampus, S404 in the cerebral cortex, and S396 and S404 in the cerebellum of arsenic-treated rats. Additionally, arsenic increased active ERK1/2 phosphorylation at T202/Y204 in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and cerebellum. Meanwhile, we detected increasing active JNK phosphorylation at T183/Y185 in the hippocampus and cerebellum. Moreover, p35, a neuron-specific activator of CDK5, was also elevated in the cerebellum of arsenic-treated rats, suggesting that CDK5 activity may be increased by arsenic. These results suggested that arsenic may induce tau phosphorylation through the activation of tau kinases, ERK1/2, JNK, and CDK5. Together, the findings from this study demonstrated that prolonged arsenic exposure is implicated in neurodegeneration by promoting tau phosphorylation in the rat brain and points toward a possible prevention strategy against neurodegeneration induced by environmental arsenic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Watanyoo Nakareangrit
- Translational Research Unit, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 KamphaengPhet6 Rd, Bangkok 10210 Thailand
| | | | - Sumontha Nookabkaew
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Thailand
| | - Piyajit Watcharasit
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Thailand; Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, 906 KamphaengPhet6 Rd, Bangkok, 10210 Thailand.
| | - Jutamaad Satayavivad
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Thailand; Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, 906 KamphaengPhet6 Rd, Bangkok, 10210 Thailand
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16
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Ran S, Ren Q, Li S. JAK2/STAT3 in role of arsenic-induced cell proliferation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2022; 37:451-461. [PMID: 34332517 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Malignant cell proliferation is one of the important mechanisms of arsenic poisoning. A large number of studies have shown that STAT3 plays an important role in cell malignant proliferation, but there are still many contradictions in the effect of arsenic on JAK2/STAT3. This study aims to explore the role of JAK2/STAT3 in arsenic-induced cell proliferation. METHODS By taking normal cells as the research object and using Standard Mean Difference (SMD) as the effect size, meta-analysis was used to explore the effect of arsenic on JAK2/STAT3. Then, the dose-effect Meta was used to further clarify the dose-effect relationship of arsenic on JAK2/STAT3. RESULTS Through meta-analysis, this study found that arsenic could promote the phosphorylation of STAT3 (SMD=4.21, 95%CI [1.05, 7.37]), and increase IL-6 and p-JAK2, Vimentin, VEGF expression levels, thereby inducing malignant cell proliferation. In addition, this study also found that arsenic exposure dose (<5 μmol m-3), time(<24 h) and cell type were important sources of heterogeneity in the process of exploring the effects of arsenic on p-STAT3, IL-6 and p-JAK2. Dose-effect relationship meta-analysis results showed that arsenic exposure significantly increased the expression level of IL-6. When the arsenic exposure concentration was less than 7 μmol m-3, the expression level of p-JAK2 upregulated significantly as the arsenic exposure concentration gradually increasing. Moreover, the expression level of p-STAT3 elevated significantly with the gradual increase of the arsenic concentration under 5 μmol m-3 of arsenic exposure, but the expression level of p-STAT3 gradually decreases when the concentration is greater than 5 μmol m-3. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to low dose of arsenic could promote the expression of JAK2/STAT3 and induce the malignant proliferation of cells through upregulating IL-6, and there was dose-effect relationship among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Ran
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qingxin Ren
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shugang Li
- Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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17
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Jing H, Yan N, Fan R, Li Z, Wang Q, Xu K, Hu X, Zhang L, Duan X. Arsenic Activates the NLRP3 Inflammasome and Disturbs the Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg Balance in the Hippocampus in Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 201:3395-3403. [PMID: 36100822 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03421-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic exerts neurotoxicity and immunomodulatory effects. Studies have shown that the nervous system is not considered to be an immune-privileged site. However, the effect of arsenic-induced neuroimmune toxicity has rarely been reported. We aimed to investigate the toxic effects of arsenic on the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and the Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg balance in the brain tissue of mice. Mice were exposed to NaAsO2 (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg) for 24 h. Our results showed that 10 mg/kg arsenic exposure significantly decreased brain and hippocampal indices (p < 0.05). The mRNA and protein levels of the blood‒brain barrier (BBB) tight junction protein occludin were decreased in the 5 and 10 mg/kg arsenic-treated groups. Compared with those in the control group, NLRP3 protein levels in 10 mg/kg arsenic-treated mice, caspase-1 protein levels in 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg arsenic-treated mice, and IL-1β protein levels in 5 and 10 mg/kg arsenic-treated mice were increased in the hippocampus (p < 0.05). In addition, arsenic induced a hippocampal inflammatory response by upregulating the mRNA levels of the proinflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α and downregulating the mRNA level of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10. Moreover, arsenic decreased the mRNA levels of the Th1 and Th2 transcription factors T-bet and GATA3 and the cytokines IFN-γ and IL-4 and increased the mRNA levels of the Th17 transcription factor RORγt and the cytokine IL-22 (p < 0.05). Collectively, our study demonstrated that arsenic could induce immune-inflammatory responses by regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome and CD4+ T lymphocyte differentiation. These results provide a novel strategy to block the arsenic-induced impairment of neuroimmune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jing
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Nan Yan
- Department of Medical Applied Technology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Ronghua Fan
- Department of Health Inspection, College of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Zhou Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Kangjie Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Xinkang Hu
- Clinical Medicine ("5+3" integrated Training), The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China.
| | - Xiaoxu Duan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China.
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18
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Xiao M, Jia X, Wang N, Kang J, Hu X, Goff HD, Cui SW, Ding H, Guo Q. Therapeutic potential of non-starch polysaccharides on type 2 diabetes: from hypoglycemic mechanism to clinical trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1177-1210. [PMID: 36036965 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2113366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) have been reported to exert therapeutic potential on managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Various mechanisms have been proposed; however, several studies have not considered the correlations between the anti-T2DM activity of NSPs and their molecular structure. Moreover, the current understanding of the role of NSPs in T2DM treatment is mainly based on in vitro and in vivo data, and more human clinical trials are required to verify the actual efficacy in treating T2DM. The related anti-T2DM mechanisms of NSPs, including regulating insulin action, promoting glucose metabolism and regulating postprandial blood glucose level, anti-inflammatory and regulating gut microbiota (GM), are reviewed. The structure-function relationships are summarized, and the relationships between NSPs structure and anti-T2DM activity from clinical trials are highlighted. The development of anti-T2DM medication or dietary supplements of NSPs could be promoted with an in-depth understanding of the multiple regulatory effects in the treatment/intervention of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Nifei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ji Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinzhong Hu
- College of Food Engineering & Nutrition Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, China
| | | | - Steve W Cui
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, AAFC, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Qingbin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
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19
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Liu X, Wang J. NMDA receptors mediate synaptic plasticity impairment of hippocampal neurons due to arsenic exposure. Neuroscience 2022; 498:300-310. [PMID: 35905926 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Endemic arsenism is a worldwide health problem. Chronic arsenic exposure results in cognitive dysfunction due to arsenic and its metabolites accumulating in hippocampus. As the cellular basis of cognition, synaptic plasticity is pivotal in arsenic-induced cognitive dysfunction. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) serve physiological functions in synaptic transmission. However, excessive NMDARs activity contributes to exitotoxicity and synaptic plasticity impairment. Here, we provide an overview of the mechanisms that NMDARs and their downstream signaling pathways mediate synaptic plasticity impairment due to arsenic exposure in hippocampal neurons, ways of arsenic exerting on NMDARs, as well as the potential therapeutic targets except for water improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Liu
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University(23618504), Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin, China, 150081
| | - Jing Wang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University(23618504), Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin, China, 150081.
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20
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Wang H, Chen Y, Liu X, Zhang R, Wang X, Zhang Q, Wei Y, Fang F, Yuan Y, Zhou Q, Dong Y, Shi S, Jiang X, Li X. TNF-α derived from arsenite-induced microglia activation mediated neuronal necroptosis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 236:113468. [PMID: 35378400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic, an identified environmental toxicant, poses threats to the health of human beings through contaminated water and food. Recently, increasing reports focused on arsenic-induced nerve damage, however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Microglia are important immune cells in the nervous system, which produce a large number of inflammatory factors including TNF-α when activated. Recent reports indicated that TNF-α is involved in the process of necroptosis, a new type of programmed cell death discovered recently. Although there were evidences suggested that arsenic could induce both microglia activation and TNF-α production in the nervous system, the mechanism of arsenic-induced neurotoxicity due to microglia activation is rarely studied. In addition, the role of microglia-derived TNF-α in response to arsenic exposure in necroptosis has not been documented before. In this study, we found that arsenite induced microglial activation through p38 MAPK signaling pathway, leading to the production of TNF-α. Microglia-derived TNF-α further induced necroptosis in the neuronal cells. Our findings suggested that necroptosis induced by microglia-derived TNF-α upon arsenite exposure partially played a role in arsenic-induced cell death which underlie the fundamental event of arsenic-related neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xudan Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Ruo Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qianhui Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yuting Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qianqian Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yinqiao Dong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Sainan Shi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xiaojing Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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21
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Muzaffar S, Khan J, Srivastava R, Gorbatyuk MS, Athar M. Mechanistic understanding of the toxic effects of arsenic and warfare arsenicals on human health and environment. Cell Biol Toxicol 2022; 39:85-110. [PMID: 35362847 PMCID: PMC10042769 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09710-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, more than 200 million people are estimated to be exposed to unsafe levels of arsenic. Chronic exposure to unsafe levels of groundwater arsenic is responsible for multiple human disorders, including dermal, cardiovascular, neurological, pulmonary, renal, and metabolic conditions. Consumption of rice and seafood (where high levels of arsenic are accumulated) is also responsible for human exposure to arsenic. The toxicity of arsenic compounds varies greatly and may depend on their chemical form, solubility, and concentration. Surprisingly, synthetic organoarsenicals are extremely toxic molecules which created interest in their development as chemical warfare agents (CWAs) during World War I (WWI). Among these CWAs, adamsite, Clark I, Clark II, and lewisite are of critical importance, as stockpiles of these agents still exist worldwide. In addition, unused WWII weaponized arsenicals discarded in water bodies or buried in many parts of the world continue to pose a serious threat to the environment and human health. Metabolic inhibition, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and epigenetic alterations including micro-RNA-dependent regulation are some of the underlying mechanisms of arsenic toxicity. Mechanistic understanding of the toxicity of organoarsenicals is also critical for the development of effective therapeutic interventions. This review provides comprehensive details and a critical assessment of recently published data on various chemical forms of arsenic, their exposure, and implications on human and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Muzaffar
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals and Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall - Room 509 1670 University Blvd. , Birmingham, AL, 35294-0019, USA
| | - Jasim Khan
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals and Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall - Room 509 1670 University Blvd. , Birmingham, AL, 35294-0019, USA
| | - Ritesh Srivastava
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals and Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall - Room 509 1670 University Blvd. , Birmingham, AL, 35294-0019, USA
| | - Marina S Gorbatyuk
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Optometry, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mohammad Athar
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals and Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall - Room 509 1670 University Blvd. , Birmingham, AL, 35294-0019, USA.
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22
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Meng Y, Feng R, Yang Z, Liu T, Huo T, Jiang H. Oxidative stress induced by realgar in neurons: p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 perturb autophagy and induce the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 feedback loop to activate the Nrf2 signalling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114582. [PMID: 34492322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Due to the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and the influence of traditional medication habits (TCM has no toxicity or side effects), arsenic poisoning incidents caused by the abuse of realgar and realgar-containing Chinese patent medicines have occurred occasionally. However, the potential mechanism of central nervous system toxicity of realgar remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to clarify the specific mechanism of realgar-induced neurotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the roles of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK in realgar-induced neuronal autophagy and overactivation of the nuclear factor erythroid-derived factor 2-related factor (Nrf2) signalling pathways was investigated in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS The arsenic in realgar passed through the blood-brain barrier and accumulated in the brain, resulting in damage to neurons, synapses and myelin sheaths in the cerebral cortex and a decrease in the total antioxidant capacity. The specific mechanism is that the excessive activation of Nrf2 is regulated by the upstream signalling molecules ERK1/2 and p38MAPK. At the same time, p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 interfere with autophagy, thereby promoting autophagy initiation but causing subsequent dysfunctional autophagic degradation and inducing the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 feedback loop to promote Nrf2 signalling pathway activation and nerve cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed the role of the signalling molecules p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 in perturbing autophagy and inducing the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 feedback loop to activate the Nrf2 signalling pathway in realgar-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Meng
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Feng
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Taoguang Huo
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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23
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He Y, Han Y, Liao X, Zou M, Wang Y. Biology of cyclooxygenase-2: An application in depression therapeutics. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1037588. [PMID: 36440427 PMCID: PMC9684729 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1037588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Depressive Disorder is a common mood disorder or affective disorder that is dominated by depressed mood. It is characterized by a high incidence and recurrence. The onset of depression is related to genetic, biological and psychosocial factors. However, the pathogenesis is still unclear. In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of research on the inflammatory hypothesis of depression, in which cyclo-oxygen-ase 2 (COX-2), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is closely associated with depression. A variety of chemical drugs and natural products have been found to exert therapeutic effects by modulating COX-2 levels. This paper summarizes the relationship between COX-2 and depression in terms of neuroinflammation, intestinal flora, neurotransmitters, HPA axis, mitochondrial dysfunction and hippocampal neuronal damage, which can provide a reference for further preventive control, clinical treatment and scientific research on depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying He
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanshan Han
- Department of Scientific Research, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaolin Liao
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Manshu Zou
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Depressive Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Power and Innovative Drugs State Key Laboratory of Ministry Training Bases, Changsha, China
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24
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Guan W, Xu DW, Ji CH, Wang CN, Liu Y, Tang WQ, Gu JH, Chen YM, Huang J, Liu JF, Jiang B. Hippocampal miR-206-3p participates in the pathogenesis of depression via regulating the expression of BDNF. Pharmacol Res 2021; 174:105932. [PMID: 34628001 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As a widely-known neuropsychiatric disorder, the exact pathogenesis of depression remains elusive. MiRNA-206 (miR-206) is conventionally known as one of the myomiRs and has two forms: miR-206-3p and miR-206-5p. Recently, miR-206 has been demonstrated to regulate the biosynthesis of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a very popular target involved in depression and antidepressant responses. Here we assumed that miR-206 may play a role in depression, and various methods including the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model of depression, quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR, western blotting, immuofluorescence and virus-mediated gene transfer were used together. It was found that CSDS robustly increased the level of miR-206-3p but not miR-206-5p in the hippocampus. Both genetic overexpression of hippocampal miR-206-3p and intranasal administration of AgomiR-206-3p induced not only notable depressive-like behaviors but also significantly decreased hippocampal BDNF signaling cascade and neurogenesis in naïve C57BL/6J mice. In contrast, both genetic knockdown of hippocampal miR-206-3p and intranasal administration of AntagomiR-206-3p produced significant antidepressant-like effects in the CSDS model of depression. Furthermore, it was found that the antidepressant-like effects induced by miR-206-3p inhibition require the hippocampal BDNF-TrkB system. Taken together, hippocampal miR-206-3p participates in the pathogenesis of depression by regulating BDNF biosynthesis and is a feasible antidepressant target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Da-Wei Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun-Hui Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng-Niu Wang
- Basic Medical Research Centre, Medical College, Nantong University; Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Qian Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang-Hong Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan-Mei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian-Feng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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25
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Semis HS, Gur C, Ileriturk M, Kaynar O, Kandemir FM. Investigation of the anti-inflammatory effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester in a model of λ-Carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:S721-S738. [PMID: 34789018 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211054436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, it is aimed to evaluate the effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) against acute paw inflammation induced by carragenan (Carr) at macro and micro levels. Therefore, in this study, 1 hour after administering intraperitoneal of indomethacin (Ind) or CAPE (10 and 30 mg/kg body weight) to Sprague Dawley rats, Carr was injected intraplantarly into their right paws. The paw volumes of the rats were measured with a plethysmometer until the 4th hour. Also, X-ray and thermal camera images were taken to determine edema and temperature changes. At the end of the study, after the paw tissues and serums were taken, oxidative stress and inflammation status were determined using biochemical, molecular, and western blot techniques. In addition, lipid and protein profiles in paw tissue were determined using HPTLC and electrophoresis methods. The results depicted that a high dose of CAPE against Carr-induced inflammation may be almost as effective as Ind used as reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil Sezgin Semis
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Private Buhara Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Cihan Gur
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 37503Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ileriturk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 37503Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Kaynar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 187466Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Fatih Mehmet Kandemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 37503Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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26
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Antimony-induced astrocyte activation via mitogen-activated protein kinase activation-dependent CREB phosphorylation. Toxicol Lett 2021; 352:9-16. [PMID: 34571074 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that the chemical element antimony (Sb) is neurotoxic; however, the molecular mechanisms behind Sb-related neuronal damage are currently unknown. In this study, we found that Sb exposure promoted astrocyte proliferation and increased the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), two key protein markers of reactive astrogliosis, at both the gene and protein level, suggesting that Sb induced astrocyte activation. Moreover, the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) pathways were activated following Sb exposure. Inhibition of p38 MAPK reduced Sb-induced iNOS and GFAP upregulation, while inhibiting ERK reduced GFAP expression only, in Sb-exposed C6 cells. Sb treatment also induced the phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB), and the inhibition of CREB caused a reduction in Sb-induced GFAP and iNOS expression. Furthermore, inhibiting both p38 MAPK and ERK effectively alleviated CREB phosphorylation in Sb-exposed C6 cells. Taken together, our results suggest that p38 MAPK and ERK activation mediate Sb-induced astrocyte activation through CREB phosphorylation. These results help to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying Sb-associated neurotoxicity.
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27
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Zhou T, Zhang M, Xie Y, Chen Y, Peng S, Jing X, Lei M, Tao E, Liang Y. Effects of miRNAs in exosomes derived from α-synuclein overexpressing SH-SY5Y cells on autophagy and inflammation of microglia. Cell Signal 2021; 89:110179. [PMID: 34715309 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study has revealed that GFP-α-synuclein overexpressing SH-SY5Y cells-derived exosomes (GFP-SNCA Exo) decrease autophagy in microglia via their load of miRNAs. However, it is unclear whether GFP-SNCA Exo can affect microglial inflammation via modulation of autophagy. In order to investigate the effects of miRNAs carried by GFP-SNCA Exo on autophagy and inflammation of microglia. SH-SY5Y cells were transfected with lentivirus expressing α-synuclein and then their exosomes were collected. Western blot and laser confocal images showed that α-synuclein transferred between SH-SY5Y cells and microglia through exosomes. Differentially expressed miRNAs between GFP-SNCA Exo and the vector exosomes were detected by microarray analysis. After bioinformatics analysis of the differentially expressed miRNAs, we found that their target genes were enriched in the MAPK and autophagy-associated signaling pathway. The expression of P62, p-JNK/JNK, and p-ERK/ERK and the release of IL-6 significantly increased whereas LC3 II/I decreased in microglia exposed to GFP-SNCA Exo for 48 h when compared to the control group. But rapamycin could reverse the increasing expression of p-JNK/JNK, p-ERK/ERK and the release of IL-6 induced by GFP-SNCA Exo. Dual immunofluorescence staining for LC3B and LAMP1 showed that the fluorescence density of LC3B decreased and the fluorescence of LC3B and LAMP1 were not co-located in microglia after 48 h co-culture with GFP-SNCA Exo compared with the control group, which indicated that these exosomes decreased autophagy and impaired the autophagy flux in recipient microglia. Taken together, our results indicate that GFP-SNCA Exo activate the MAPK signaling pathway and inflammation by decreasing autophagy in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianen Zhou
- Department of Emergency, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of General Practice, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yingyu Xie
- Department of Neurology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou 515000, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Sudan Peng
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xiuna Jing
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Enxiang Tao
- Department of Neurology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China.
| | - Yanran Liang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
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Taheri Zadeh Z, Esmaeilpour K, Aminzadeh A, Heidari MR, Joushi S. Resveratrol Attenuates Learning, Memory, and Social Interaction Impairments in Rats Exposed to Arsenic. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9993873. [PMID: 34621902 PMCID: PMC8492247 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9993873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) toxicity has deleterious effects on human health causing disorder in the brain. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible neuroprotective effect of resveratrol (RSV) on arsenic-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Neurotoxicity in rats was developed by treating As 10 mg/kg/day for 21 days orally. Animals were put into seven groups: control, vehicle, As, As+RSV10, As+RSV20 mg/kg, RSV10, and RSV20 mg/kg. Behavioral assessments such as the social interaction test, novel object recognition test, elevated plus maze, open field, the Morris water maze, in addition to assessment of biomarkers such as ferric reducing ability of plasma assay, glutathione assay, and malondialdehyde assay, were used to evaluate the effects of RSV on cognitive impairment and molecular changes induced by As. The results showed that cognitive performance impaired in As rats. RSV20 mg/kg significantly could ameliorate behavioral changes like spatial learning in days 3 and 4 (p < 0.05), recognition learning and memory (p < 0.01), disabilities in motor coordination and stress (p < 0.05), increased anxiety (p < 0.05), and social interaction deficit (sociability (p < 0.001) and social memory (p < 0.05)). RSV20 mg/kg also attenuated molecular modifications like decreased antioxidant power (p < 0.001), reduced glutathione content (p < 0.05), and increased malondialdehyde level (p < 0.05) induced by As. In addition to oxidative stress assessments, RSV10 mg/kg could significantly increase FRAP (p < 0.01) and GSH (p < 0.05); however, MDA was not significantly increased. Our current behavioral findings suggest that RSV has neuroprotective effects against AS toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Taheri Zadeh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Esmaeilpour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Azadeh Aminzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Heidari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sara Joushi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Thakur M, Rachamalla M, Niyogi S, Datusalia AK, Flora SJS. Molecular Mechanism of Arsenic-Induced Neurotoxicity including Neuronal Dysfunctions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810077. [PMID: 34576240 PMCID: PMC8471829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is a key environmental toxicant having significant impacts on human health. Millions of people in developing countries such as Bangladesh, Mexico, Taiwan, and India are affected by arsenic contamination through groundwater. Environmental contamination of arsenic leads to leads to various types of cancers, coronary and neurological ailments in human. There are several sources of arsenic exposure such as drinking water, diet, wood preservatives, smoking, air and cosmetics, while, drinking water is the most explored route. Inorganic arsenic exhibits higher levels of toxicity compared its organic forms. Exposure to inorganic arsenic is known to cause major neurological effects such as cytotoxicity, chromosomal aberration, damage to cellular DNA and genotoxicity. On the other hand, long-term exposure to arsenic may cause neurobehavioral effects in the juvenile stage, which may have detrimental effects in the later stages of life. Thus, it is important to understand the toxicology and underlying molecular mechanism of arsenic which will help to mitigate its detrimental effects. The present review focuses on the epidemiology, and the toxic mechanisms responsible for arsenic induced neurobehavioral diseases, including strategies for its management from water, community and household premises. The review also provides a critical analysis of epigenetic and transgenerational modifications, mitochondrial oxidative stress, molecular mechanisms of arsenic-induced oxidative stress, and neuronal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Thakur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Transit Campus, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India; (M.T.); (A.K.D.)
| | - Mahesh Rachamalla
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; (M.R.); (S.N.)
| | - Som Niyogi
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; (M.R.); (S.N.)
- Toxicology Centre, Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Ashok Kumar Datusalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Transit Campus, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India; (M.T.); (A.K.D.)
| | - Swaran Jeet Singh Flora
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Transit Campus, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India; (M.T.); (A.K.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Ding YH, Miao RX, Zhang Q. Hypaphorine exerts anti-inflammatory effects in sepsis induced acute lung injury via modulating DUSP1/p38/JNK pathway. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2021; 37:883-893. [PMID: 34250720 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome attributed to infection, while sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) has high morbidity and mortality. Here, we aimed to explore the specific mechanism of hypaphorine's anti-inflammatory effects in ALI. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was adopted to construct ALI model both in vivo and in vitro. BEAS-2B cell viability and apoptosis was testified by the MTT assay and flow cytometry. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed to examine the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-18), and Western blot was adopted to examine the expression of the apoptosis-related proteins (Bax, Bcl2, and Caspase3) and the DUSP1/p38/JNK signaling pathway. At the same time, lung injury score, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were monitored. The dry/wet weight method was used to examine lung edema, and the total protein content in BALF was determined to test pulmonary vascular permeability. As the data suggested, hypaphorine inhibited the LPS-mediated apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells. What is more, hypaphorine attenuated the expression of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-18) and inactivated the p38/JNK signaling pathway through upregulating DUSP1 in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, DUSP1 knockdown weakened the anti-inflammatory effect of hypaphorine on LPS-mediated lung injury. Furthermore, hypaphorine also relieved LPS induced ALI in rats with anti-inflammatory effects. Taken together, hypaphorine prevented LPS-mediated ALI and proinflammatory response via inactivating the p38/JNK signaling pathway by upregulating DUSP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hua Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Zaozhuang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Run-Xin Miao
- Department of Emergency, Zaozhuang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zaozhuang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
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Zhang Q, Song Q, Gu X, Zheng M, Wang A, Jiang G, Huang M, Chen H, Qiu Y, Bo B, Tong S, Shao R, Li B, Wang G, Wang H, Hu Y, Chen H, Gao X. Multifunctional Nanostructure RAP-RL Rescues Alzheimer's Cognitive Deficits through Remodeling the Neurovascular Unit. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2001918. [PMID: 33511002 PMCID: PMC7816710 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular dysfunction characterized by the neurovascular unit (NVU) impairment contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, a cerebrovascular-targeting multifunctional lipoprotein-biomimetic nanostructure (RAP-RL) constituted with an antagonist peptide (RAP) of receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE), monosialotetrahexosyl ganglioside, and apolipoprotein E3 is developed to recover the functional NVU and normalize the cerebral vasculature. RAP-RL accumulates along the cerebral microvasculature through the specific binding of RAP to RAGE, which is overexpressed on cerebral endothelial cells in AD. It effectively accelerates the clearance of perivascular Aβ, normalizes the morphology and functions of cerebrovasculature, and restores the structural integrity and functions of NVU. RAP-RL markedly rescues the spatial learning and memory in APP/PS1 mice. Collectively, this study demonstrates the potential of the multifunctional nanostructure RAP-RL as a disease-modifying modality for AD treatment and provides the proof of concept that remodeling the functional NVU may represent a promising therapeutic approach toward effective intervention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine280 South Chongqing RoadShanghai200025China
| | - Qingxiang Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine280 South Chongqing RoadShanghai200025China
| | - Xiao Gu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine280 South Chongqing RoadShanghai200025China
| | - Mengna Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine280 South Chongqing RoadShanghai200025China
| | - Antian Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine280 South Chongqing RoadShanghai200025China
| | - Gan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine280 South Chongqing RoadShanghai200025China
| | - Meng Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine280 South Chongqing RoadShanghai200025China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine280 South Chongqing RoadShanghai200025China
| | - Yu Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine280 South Chongqing RoadShanghai200025China
| | - Bin Bo
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med‐X Research InstituteShanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai200240China
| | - Shanbao Tong
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med‐X Research InstituteShanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai200240China
| | - Rong Shao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine280 South Chongqing RoadShanghai200025China
| | - Binyin Li
- Department of Neurology & Neuroscience InstituteRuijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Rui Jin Er RoadShanghai200025China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Neurology & Neuroscience InstituteRuijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Rui Jin Er RoadShanghai200025China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine280 South Chongqing RoadShanghai200025China
| | - Yongbo Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine280 South Chongqing RoadShanghai200025China
| | - Hongzhuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine280 South Chongqing RoadShanghai200025China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical ResearchShuguang HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine1200 Cailun RoadShanghai201210China
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine280 South Chongqing RoadShanghai200025China
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Mehri S, Barangi S, Zamiri E, Karimi G. The protective effect of melatonin on benzo(a)pyrene-induced brain injury: role of apoptosis and autophagy pathways. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 393:2241-2251. [PMID: 32632567 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01936-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, is spread in different ways as an environmental pollutant. It has been proposed that BaP can induce toxicity through oxidative stress and apoptosis in vital organs. The present study evaluated the protective effect of melatonin, a circadian hormone of the pineal gland, on BaP-induced neurotoxicity focused on oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis pathways. Thirty male mice in 5 groups were treated daily for 28 consecutive days: (I) control group (BaP and melatonin solvent), (II) BaP (75 mg/kg, orally), (III) and (IV) BaP + melatonin (10 and 20 mg/kg, i.p.), (V) melatonin (20 mg/kg). The oxidative stress markers were determined in the brain. Western blot was conducted for the level of LC3 II/I and Beclin1, as autophagy markers, caspase3 and Bcl2, as apoptosis proteins, and Sirt1 in the brain. The exposure of mice to BaP caused a marked increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and decrease of glutathione (GSH) content in the brain. Furthermore, the Sirt1 level upregulated as well as LC3 II/I, Beclin1, and cleaved caspase3 proteins, while the level of Bcl2 did not change. Melatonin at 20 mg/kg concurrently with BaP restored the BaP alteration in the brain compared with the BaP group. In conclusion, BaP induced brain toxicity via the induction of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy, whereas melatonin afforded neuroprotection against BaP due to inhibition of these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soghra Mehri
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 1365-91775, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samira Barangi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Zamiri
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 1365-91775, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Medda N, Patra R, Ghosh TK, Maiti S. Neurotoxic Mechanism of Arsenic: Synergistic Effect of Mitochondrial Instability, Oxidative Stress, and Hormonal-Neurotransmitter Impairment. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 198:8-15. [PMID: 31939057 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic toxicity which is now a global concern is predicted to affect more than 200 million people. Chronic arsenic exposure conduce carcinogenicity, hepatotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. Here we have reviewed numerous epidemiological and experimental reports related to arsenic toxicity to explore its neurotoxicity mechanism. Penetrability of this metalloid through blood-brain barrier makes it a potent neuro-toxicant by inducing mitochondrial membrane instability and calorie exhaustion. It directly affects the cortex, cerebellum region, and specially microglial cells by the induction of a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-6, etc. Pro-apoptotic signaling and the caspase activation by arsenic initiate large-scale tissue damage. Severe diminution of the antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase, and GPx increases the tissue damage by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Hormonal imbalance and neurotransmitter dysregulations make the neural damage and synergism of so many toxic effects create nonresponsive neural control over multiple organs. That enhances the peripheral major organ damage besides direct arsenic effects on these organs. There is motor and cognitive dysfunction which may initiate Parkinsonism- and Alzheimer's-like symptoms. Our present analysis is helpful for the therapeutic studies on arsenic or other heavy metal associated neurological dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandita Medda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Cell and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Oriental Institute of Science and Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Ritesh Patra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Cell and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Oriental Institute of Science and Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Tamal K Ghosh
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of West Bengal, Salt Lake, Calcutta, India
| | - Smarajit Maiti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Cell and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Oriental Institute of Science and Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India.
- Epidemiology and Human Health Division, Agricure Biotech Research Society, Midnapore, 721101, India.
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Sphingosylphosphorylcholine alleviates hypoxia-caused apoptosis in cardiac myofibroblasts via CaM/p38/STAT3 pathway. Apoptosis 2020; 25:853-863. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-020-01639-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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A Systematic Review of the Various Effect of Arsenic on Glutathione Synthesis In Vitro and In Vivo. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9414196. [PMID: 32802886 PMCID: PMC7411465 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9414196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Arsenic is a toxic metalloid widely present in nature, and arsenic poisoning in drinking water is a serious global public problem. Glutathione is an important reducing agent that inhibits arsenic-induced oxidative stress and participates in arsenic methylation metabolism. Therefore, glutathione plays an important role in regulating arsenic toxicity. In recent years, a large number of studies have shown that arsenic can regulate glutathione synthesis in many ways, but there are many contradictions in the research results. At present, the mechanism of the effect of arsenic on glutathione synthesis has not been elucidated. Objective We will conduct a meta-analysis to illustrate the effects of arsenic on GSH synthesis precursors Glu, Cys, Gly, and rate-limiting enzyme γ-GCS in mammalian models, as well as the regulation of p38/Nrf2 of γ-GCS subunit GCLC, and further explore the molecular mechanism of arsenic affecting glutathione synthesis. Results This meta-analysis included 30 studies in vivo and 58 studies in vitro, among which in vivo studies showed that arsenic exposure could reduce the contents of GSH (SMD = -2.86, 95% CI (-4.45, -1.27)), Glu (SMD = -1.11, 95% CI (-2.20,-0.02)), and Cys (SMD = -1.48, 95% CI (-2.63, -0.33)), with no statistically significant difference in p38/Nrf2, GCLC, and GCLM. In vitro studies showed that arsenic exposure increased intracellular GSH content (SMD = 1.87, 95% CI (0.18, 3.56)) and promoted the expression of p-p38 (SMD = 4.19, 95% CI (2.34, 6.05)), Nrf2 (SMD = 4.60, 95% CI (2.34, 6.86)), and GCLC (SMD = 1.32, 95% CI (0.23, 2.41)); the p38 inhibitor inhibited the expression of Nrf2 (SMD = -1.27, 95% CI (-2.46, -0.09)) and GCLC (SMD = -5.37, 95% CI (-5.37, -2.20)); siNrf2 inhibited the expression of GCLC, and BSO inhibited the synthesis of GSH. There is a dose-dependent relationship between the effects of exposure on GSH in vitro. Conclusions. These indicate the difference between in vivo and in vitro studies of the effect of arsenic on glutathione synthesis. In vivo studies have shown that arsenic exposure can reduce glutamate and cysteine levels and inhibit glutathione synthesis, while in vitro studies have shown that chronic low-dose arsenic exposure can activate the p38/Nrf2 pathway, upregulate GCLC expression, and promote glutathione synthesis.
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Shi S, Cui Q, Xu J, Tang Z, Shi B, Liu Z. Baicalin Suppresses Bilirubin-Induced Apoptosis and Inflammation by Regulating p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK) Signaling in Neonatal Neurons. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e926441. [PMID: 32633271 PMCID: PMC7366788 DOI: 10.12659/msm.926441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperbilirubinemia is associated with central nervous system damage in preterm neonates due to the neurotoxicity of bilirubin. This study explored the possible mechanisms of bilirubin’s neurotoxicity, and the protective effect of baicalin (BAI) was also investigated. Material/Methods Isolated neonatal rat hippocampal neurons were exposed to free bilirubin (Bf). BAI was used to treat these neurons. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to evaluate the cell viability. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay was used to detect apoptosis. Contents of inflammatory cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Protein expression and phosphorylation levels were assessed by Western blotting. Nuclear translocation was observed by immunofluorescent staining. Results Bf incubation significantly induced apoptosis and decreased viabilities of neurons. The phosphorylation levels of MAP kinase kinase (MKK)3, MKK6, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), nuclear translocation level of p65, and the expression levels of cleaved caspase3 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α were found to be dramatically higher in Bf-incubated neurons. BAI pre-treatment, however, increased cell viability by reducing cell apoptosis. BAI pre-treatment also reduced phosphorylation levels of MKK3, MKK6, p38 MAPK, and nuclear translocation level of p65, as well as the expression levels of cleaved caspase3 and TNFα, in Bf-incubated neurons. Conclusions BAI suppressed bilirubin-induced neuron apoptosis and inflammation by deactivating p38 MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Qianwei Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Zhiguo Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Binya Shi
- Department of Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Zhongwei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
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Liu R, Yang J, Liu L, Lu Z, Shi Z, Ji W, Shen J, Zhang X. An "Amyloid-β Cleaner" for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease by Normalizing Microglial Dysfunction. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1901555. [PMID: 31993283 PMCID: PMC6974948 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive and memory loss. The vicious circle between dysfunctional microglia and amyloid-β (Aβ) is a crucial pathological event and accelerates the progression of AD. Herein, a zwitterionic poly(carboxybetaine) (PCB)-based nanoparticle (MCPZFS NP) with normalizing the dysfunctional microglia and Aβ recruitment is established for the treatment of AD. Compared with the neural polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based nanoparticles (MEPZFS NPs), the MCPZFS NPs significantly alleviate the priming of microglia by decreasing the level of proinflammatory mediators and promoting the secretion of BDNF. Most importantly, quite different from PEG, the PCB-based NPs exhibit the behavior to recruit Aβ into microglia, which significantly enhances the Aβ phagocytosis. Moreover, the Aβ degradation is changed from the conventional lysosomal/autophagy to the proteasomal pathway in the presence of MCPZFS NPs. After the treatment with MCPZFS NPs, the Aβ burden, neuron damages, memory deficits, and neuroinflammation of APPswe/PS1dE9 mice are significantly attenuated in the brain. Therefore, the PCB-based MCPZFS NPs have great potential to serve as an "Aβ cleaner" and provide a new insight into the therapeutic strategy for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Linying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Zhuyan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Weihong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Jie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
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Han Y, Liang C, Manthari RK, Yu Y, Gao Y, Liu Y, Jiang S, Tikka C, Wang J, Zhang J. Arsenic influences spermatogenesis by disorganizing the elongation of spermatids in adult male mice. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 238:124650. [PMID: 31472347 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) has become a major problem in maintaining the environment and human health due to its wide application in the production of agriculture and industry. Many studies indicate that As can affect spermatogenesis process and lower sperm quality. However, the undergoing molecular mechanism is unclear. For this, forty-eight 8-week old adult male mice were divided into four groups of twelve each, which were administrated to 0, 0.2, 2, 20 ppm As2O3 in their drinking water respectively for six months. The results showed that As treatment reduced sperm counts and increased the sperm malformation ratio of mice. Interestingly, both the amounts of round and elongated spermatids, and the ratios of spermatids elongation were decreased significantly by As exposure. Furthermore, the structure of Chromatoid Body (CB) which presents a typical nebulous shape in round spermatids after spermatogenesis arrested, and the mRNA expression levels of gene TDRD1, TDRD6 and TDRD7 related to CB were changed by arsenic. Again, the mRNA and protein expression levels of the markers DDX25 and CRM1 in haploid periods of spermatogenesis and the associated proteins HMG2, PGK2, and H4 with DDX25 regulation were declined significantly with As treatment. Taken together; it reveals that As interferes with spermatogenesis by disorganizing the elongation of spermatids. H4, HMG2 and PGK2 are regulated by DDX25 which interacts with CRM1 and may play a vital role in spermatogenesis disorder induced by As exposure, which maybe provides one of the underlying mechanisms for As-induced male reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Han
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Ram Kumar Manthari
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Yuxiang Yu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Chiranjeevi Tikka
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Jundong Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Jianhai Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China.
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Yuan L, Qian L, Qian Y, Liu J, Yang K, Huang Y, Wang C, Li Y, Mu X. Bisphenol F-Induced Neurotoxicity toward Zebrafish Embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:14638-14648. [PMID: 31702913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the influence of bisphenol F (BPF) toward central nervous system (CNS) was assessed using zebrafish embryos. We found that BPF could induce significant neurotoxicity toward zebrafish embryos, including inhibited locomotion, reduced moving distance, and CNS cell apoptosis at an effective concentration of 0.0005 mg/L. Immunofluorescence assay showed that both microglia and astrocyte in zebrafish brain were significantly activated by BPF, indicating the existence of neuroinflammatory response. Peripheral motor neuron development was significantly inhibited by BPF at 72 hpf. RNA-seq data indicated that neuronal developmental processes and cell apoptosis pathways were significantly affected by BPF exposure, which was consistent with the phenotypic results. Chip-seq assay implied that the transcriptional changes were not mediated by ERα. Additionally, no significant change was found in neurotransmitter levels (5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, and acetylcholine) or acetylcholinesterase (Ache) enzyme activity after BPF exposure, indicating that BPF may not affect neurotransmission. In conclusion, BPF could lead to abnormal neural outcomes during zebrafish early life stage through inducing neuroinflammation and CNS cell apoptosis even at environmentally relevant concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilai Yuan
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center , Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Beijing 100141 , People's Republic of China
| | - Le Qian
- College of Sciences , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Qian
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center , Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Beijing 100141 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center , Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Beijing 100141 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Yang
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center , Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Beijing 100141 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Huang
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center , Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Beijing 100141 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chengju Wang
- College of Sciences , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yingren Li
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center , Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Beijing 100141 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyan Mu
- Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center , Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Beijing 100141 , People's Republic of China
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40
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Garza-Lombó C, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI, Gonsebatt ME, Franco R. Arsenic-induced neurotoxicity: a mechanistic appraisal. J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 24:1305-1316. [PMID: 31748979 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01740-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a metalloid found in groundwater as a byproduct of soil/rock erosion and industrial and agricultural processes. This xenobiotic elicits its toxicity through different mechanisms, and it has been identified as a toxicant that affects virtually every organ or tissue in the body. In the central nervous system, exposure to arsenic can induce cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, iAs has been linked to several neurological disorders, including neurodevelopmental alterations, and is considered a risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders. However, the exact mechanisms involved are still unclear. In this review, we aim to appraise the neurotoxic effects of arsenic and the molecular mechanisms involved. First, we discuss the epidemiological studies reporting on the effects of arsenic in intellectual and cognitive function during development as well as studies showing the correlation between arsenic exposure and altered cognition and mental health in adults. The neurotoxic effects of arsenic and the potential mechanisms associated with neurodegeneration are also reviewed including data from experimental models supporting epidemiological evidence of arsenic as a neurotoxicant. Next, we focused on recent literature regarding arsenic metabolism and the molecular mechanisms that begin to explain how arsenic damages the central nervous system including, oxidative stress, energy failure and mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetics, alterations in neurotransmitter homeostasis and synaptic transmission, cell death pathways, and inflammation. Outlining the specific mechanisms by which arsenic alters the cell function is key to understand the neurotoxic effects that convey cognitive dysfunction, neurodevelopmental alterations, and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Garza-Lombó
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.,School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.,Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - María E Gonsebatt
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA. .,School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.
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41
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Meng J, Wang DM, Luo LL. CTRP3 acts as a novel regulator in depressive-like behavior associated inflammation and apoptosis by meditating p38 and JNK MAPK signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109489. [PMID: 31629950 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a complicated etiological pattern, and its pathology and effective treatments are highly limited.C1q-tumor necrosis factor-related protein-3 (CTRP3) is an adipokine, playing crucial roles in metabolic regulatory properties. However, the effects of CTRP3 on depression are largely unknown. In the present study, we found that CTRP3 expression levels were markedly reduced in hippocampus of mice with depression induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). In mouse model with depression, CTRP3-deficient mice aggravated depression-associated behaviors, as evidenced by the reduced locomotor activity and sucrose consumption, while the elevated immobility time in the tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST). Moreover, CUMS-induced neuron death and increased expression of cleaved Caspase-3 were significantly accelerated by CTRP3 knockout. Furthermore, CTRP3 deletion intensified pro-inflammatory response in CUMS-exposed mice, which was associated with the activation of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) signaling. The activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including p38 and JNK, was further promoted in hippocampus of CTRP3-knockout mice with CUMS exposure. In contrast,CTRP3 over-expression showed anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated microglial cells. Importantly, the in vitro experiments demonstrated that CTRP3 knockdown-exacerbated apoptosis and inflammatory responsewere remarkably abrogated by the blockage of p38 and JNK signaling pathways in microglia stimulated by LPS. Next, in CUMS-exposed mice with CTRP3 deficiency, suppressing p38 and JNK markedly alleviated depressive-like behavior,hippocampal neuron death, apoptosis and inflammation. Therefore, CTRP3 may be an innovative therapeutic target for treating patients with depression through regulating p38 and JNK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Meng
- Department of Geriatrics, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Dong-Ming Wang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Qingdao Mental Heath Center, Qingdao, 266034, China
| | - Li-Ling Luo
- Department of Psychosomatic, The Fourth People's Hospital of Shaanxi, Xi'an, 710043, China.
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42
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Zhou H, Guo S, Sun Y, Wang H, Zhang M, Li Y. Screening the Action Targets of Enterovirus 71 in Human SH-SY5Y Cells Using RNA Sequencing Data. Viral Immunol 2019; 32:170-178. [PMID: 31063043 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2018.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infection for children younger than the age of five. HFMD is mainly induced by coxsackievirus A16 and enterovirus 71 (EV71). EV71-associated HFMD often has serious neurological disease complications. The purpose of this study was to reveal the mechanisms of action of EV71 on neurons. SH-SY5Y cells transfected or untransfected with EV71 were sequenced. After data preprocessing, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using the limma package in R, and clustering analysis was then performed using the ComplexHeatmap package in R. The DAVID tool was used for EDG enrichment analysis. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) were predicted using the STRING database and PPI networks were then constructed using Cytoscape software. After pathways involved in the key PPI network nodes were enriched, pathway deviation scores were calculated. Clustering analysis was also conducted for these pathways. There were 978 DEGs in the transfected samples. Upregulated TNF was enriched in NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Among the top 20 nodes in the PPI network, CDK1, STAT3, CCND1, TNF, and MYC had the highest degrees. A total of 28 pathways were enriched for the top 20 nodes, including Epstein-Barr virus infection (p = 3.78E-06), proteoglycans in cancer (p = 4.96E-06), and melanoma (p = 1.99E-05). In addition, clustering analysis showed that these pathways could clearly differentiate the two groups of samples. EV71 may affect neurons by mediating CDK1, STAT3, CCND1, TNF, and MYC, indicating that these genes are promising targets for preventing the neuronal complications of HFMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhou
- 1 The Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuzhen Guo
- 2 The Respiratory Medicine, The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Harbin, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Sun
- 1 The Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Wang
- 1 The Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- 1 The Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- 1 The Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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43
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Zang YQ, Feng YY, Luo YH, Zhai YQ, Ju XY, Feng YC, Wang JR, Yu CQ, Jin CH. Glycitein induces reactive oxygen species-dependent apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest through the MAPK/STAT3/NF-κB pathway in human gastric cancer cells. Drug Dev Res 2019; 80:573-584. [PMID: 30916421 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycitein is an isoflavone that reportedly inhibits the proliferation of human breast cancer and prostate cancer cells. However, its anti-cancer molecular mechanisms in human gastric cancer remain to be defined. This study evaluated the antitumor effects of glycitein on human gastric cancer cells and investigated the underlying mechanisms. We used MTT assay, flow cytometry and western blotting to investigate its molecular mechanisms with focus on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Our results showed that glycitein had significant cytotoxic effects on human gastric cancer cells. Glycitein markedly decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) and increased AGS cells mitochondrial-related apoptosis, and caused G0/G1 cell cycle arrest by regulating cycle-related protein. Mechanistically, accompanying ROS, glycitein can activate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and inhibited the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathways. Furthermore, the MAPK signaling pathway regulated the expression levels of STAT3 and NF-κB upon treatment with MAPK inhibitor and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). These findings suggested that glycitein induced AGS cell apoptosis and G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest via ROS-related MAPK/STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathways. Thus, glycitein has the potential to a novel targeted therapeutic agent for human gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qing Zang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yan-Yu Feng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ying-Hua Luo
- Department of Grass Science, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xue-Ying Ju
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu-Chao Feng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jia-Ru Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chang-Qing Yu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Cheng-Hao Jin
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
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44
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Mori I. The olfactory bulb: A link between environmental agents and narcolepsy. Med Hypotheses 2019; 126:66-68. [PMID: 31010502 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Narcolepsy with cataplexy is a lifelong sleep disorder associated with orexin/hypocretin deficiency in the central nervous system. In addition to a genetic predisposition, a variety of environmental factors, such as influenza viruses, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease. In this article, a hypothesis is proposed that environmental agents access the olfactory bulb and trigger neuroinflammation, which in turn induces neurodegeneration of orexinergic neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and other neuronal subpopulations regulating the sleep-wake cycle, which triggers the development of narcolepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isamu Mori
- Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Shubun University, Ichinomiya, Aichi 491-0938, Japan.
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45
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Huang C, Wu J, Chen D, Jin J, Wu Y, Chen Z. Effects of sulforaphane in the central nervous system. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 853:153-168. [PMID: 30858063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is an active component extracted from vegetables like cauliflower and broccoli. Activation of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) signaling is a common mechanism for the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activity of some herb-derived compounds, such as icariin and berberine. However, due to its peculiar ability in Nrf2 activation, SFN is recognized as an activator of Nrf2 and recommended as a supplementation for prevention and/or treatment of disorders like neoplasm and heart failure. In the central nervous system (CNS), the prophylactic and/or therapeutic effects of SFN have been revealed in recent years. For example, it has been reported to prevent the progression of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cerebral ischemia, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and psychiatric disorders via promotion of neurogenesis or inhibition of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. SFN is also implicated in reversing cognition, learning, and memory impairment in rodents induced by scopolamine, lipopolysaccharide, okadaic acid, and diabetes. In models of neurotoxicity, SFN has been shown to suppress neurotoxicity induced by a wide range of toxic factors, such as hydrogen peroxide, prion protein, hyperammonemia, and methamphetamine. To date, no consolidated source of knowledge about the pharmacological effects of SFN in the CNS has been presented in the literature. In this review, we summarize and discuss the pharmacological effects of SFN as well as their possible mechanisms in prevention and/or therapy of disorders afflicting the CNS, aiming to get a further insight into how SFN affects the pathophysiological process of CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, #118 Wansheng Street, Suzhou 215021, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongjian Chen
- Invasive Technology Department, Nantong First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Invasive Technology Department, Nantong First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Invasive Technology Department, Nantong First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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46
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Li K, Wang D, Zhou X, Shao J, Li Y, Liu X, Zhang C, Zuo E, Shi X, Piao F, Li S. Taurine Protects Against Arsenic-Induced Apoptosis Via PI3K/Akt Pathway in Primary Cortical Neurons. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1155:747-754. [PMID: 31468445 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8023-5_65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Arsenate, a well known toxicant, can induce injury in nerve system via oxidative stress and apoptosis. This study was designed to explore the protective effect of taurine against arsenite-induced neurotoxicity and its related mechanism in primary cortical neurons. The cells were treated with arsenite with or without taurine. Twenty-Four hours later, cell viability was examined using the MTT assay. The activity of caspase-3 was analyzed and the level of Akt and p-Akt were examined by western blot. The results show that taurine treatment significantly attenuates the decrease in cell viability of arsenite-exposed primary cortical neurons. Taurine also reversed the arsenite-induced increase in caspase-3 activity. The decrease in p-Akt levels induced by arsenite exposure was prevented by taurine treatment. Thus, taurine attenuated the effect of arsenite on primary cortical neurons, an effect that may involve the Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixin Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Dunjia Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xueying Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Shao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yachen Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Enjun Zuo
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoxia Shi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Fengyuan Piao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuangyue Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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47
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Long-term arsenite exposure induces testicular toxicity by redox imbalance, G2/M cell arrest and apoptosis in mice. Toxicology 2019; 411:122-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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48
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Zhao X, Liu Y, Zhu G, Liang Y, Liu B, Wu Y, Han M, Sun W, Han Y, Chen G, Jiang J. SIRT1 downregulation mediated Manganese-induced neuronal apoptosis through activation of FOXO3a-Bim/PUMA axis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 646:1047-1055. [PMID: 30235590 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element. Excessive exposure to Mn may lead to neuronal death and neurodegenerative disorders. Accumulating evidence has shown that silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) plays a vital role in brain damage. However, whether aberrant SIRT1 levels contribute to Mn-induced neurotoxicity remains unknown. In this study, we report the important role of SIRT1 downregulation during Mn-induced neuronal apoptosis. Mn was found to downregulate SIRT1 protein levels in the rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells and mouse brain tissues. Mn enhanced SIRT1 protein degradation and downregulated its gene expression. Furthermore, Mn induced cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner both in vitro and in vivo, and resulted in an increase in forkhead box O (FOXO) 3a expression and acetylation. SIRT1 activation by resveratrol clearly attenuated Mn-triggered apoptosis and FOXO3a activation. Mn markedly increased the expression of Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death (Bim) and p53-up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), whereas downregulation of FOXO3a significantly inhibited their upregulation and subsequent apoptosis. In summary, we determined that Mn downregulated SIRT1 by multiple mechanisms, thus led to apoptosis via activation of the FOXO3a-Bim/PUMA axis in PC12 cells. These findings on the impact of Mn on SIRT1 may lead to an improved understanding of Mn-induced neurotoxicity and provide a molecular target to antagonise Mn-associated neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Zhao
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Ganlin Zhu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Muxi Han
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Wenxing Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Junkang Jiang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China.
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49
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Abstract
In 1992, arsenic trioxide (As2O3, ATO) was demonstrated to be an effective therapeutic agent against acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), rekindling attention to ATO applications in U.S. Food and Drug Administration clinical trials for the treatment of cancers, such as leukemia, lymphomas, and solid tumors. ATO is a potent chemotherapeutic drug that can also be used to treat other diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, because it affects multiple pathways including apoptosis induction, differentiation stimulation, and proliferation inhibition. As inflammation is a critical component of disease progression, ATO is a feasible treatment option based on its ability to protect against inflammation. However, ATO is also a well-known carcinogen because of its pro-inflammatory effect. This review will focus on the double-sided effects of ATO on inflammation as well as the relevant mechanisms underlying these effects, aiming to provide a rational understanding of how ATO effects the immune system. We especially aim to provide a comprehensive overview of our current knowledge of how ATO influences inflammation.
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50
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Bjørklund G, Skalny AV, Rahman MM, Dadar M, Yassa HA, Aaseth J, Chirumbolo S, Skalnaya MG, Tinkov AA. Toxic metal(loid)-based pollutants and their possible role in autism spectrum disorder. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 166:234-250. [PMID: 29902778 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction, verbal and non-verbal communication, and stereotypic behaviors. Many studies support a significant relationship between many different environmental factors in ASD etiology. These factors include increased daily exposure to various toxic metal-based environmental pollutants, which represent a cause for concern in public health. This article reviews the most relevant toxic metals, commonly found, environmental pollutants, i.e., lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), aluminum (Al), and the metalloid arsenic (As). Additionally, it discusses how pollutants can be a possible pathogenetic cause of ASD through various mechanisms including neuroinflammation in different regions of the brain, fundamentally occurring through elevation of the proinflammatory profile of cytokines and aberrant expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Due to the worldwide increase in toxic environmental pollution, studies on the role of pollutants in neurodevelopmental disorders, including direct effects on the developing brain and the subjects' genetic susceptibility and polymorphism, are of utmost importance to achieve the best therapeutic approach and preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia; Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia; All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Moscow, Russia
| | - Md Mostafizur Rahman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Heba A Yassa
- Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway; Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia; Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
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