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Mazzeo DEC, Dombrowski A, Oliveira FA, Levy CE, Oehlmann J, Marchi MRR. Endocrine disrupting activity in sewage sludge: Screening method, microbial succession and cost-effective strategy for detoxification. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 330:117207. [PMID: 36621316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge (SS) presents a high agronomic potential due to high concentrations of organic matter and nutrients, encouraging its recycling as a soil conditioner. However, the presence of toxic substances can preclude this use. To enable the safe disposal of this waste in agriculture, SS requires additional detoxification to decrease the environmental risks of this practice. Although some alternatives have been proposed in this sense, little attention is provided to eliminating endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). To fill this gap, this study aimed to develop effective and low-cost technology to eliminate EDCs from SS. For this, a detoxification process combining microorganisms and biostimulating agents (soil, sugarcane bagasse, and coffee grounds) was performed for 2, 4, and 6 months with aerobic and anaerobic SSs. The (anti-)estrogenic, (anti-)androgenic, retinoic-like, and dioxin-like activities of SSs samples were verified using yeast-based reporter-gene assays to prove the effectiveness of the treatments. A fractionation procedure of samples, dividing the target sample extract into several fractions according to their polarity, was conducted to decrease the matrix complexity and facilitate the identification of EDCs. A decrease in the abundance and microbial diversity of the SS samples was noted along the biostimulation with the predominance of filamentous fungal species over yeasts and gram-positive bacteria and non-fermenting rods over enterobacteria. Among the 9 EDCs quantified by LC-ESI-MS/MS, triclosan and alkylphenols presented the highest concentrations in both SS. Before detoxification, the studied SSs induced significant agonistic activity, especially at the human estrogen receptor α (hERα) and the human aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). The raw anaerobic sludge also activated the androgen (hAR), retinoic acid (RARα), and retinoid X (RXRα) receptors. However, no significant endocrine-disrupting activities were observed after the SS detoxification, showing that the technology applied here efficiently eliminates receptor-mediated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dânia Elisa C Mazzeo
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant and Animal Production, Center for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCAR, Araras, Brazil.
| | - Andrea Dombrowski
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Flávio Andrade Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Rua Alexander Fleming, 105, 13081-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Emílio Levy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Rua Alexander Fleming, 105, 13081-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jörg Oehlmann
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mary Rosa R Marchi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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2
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Li Y, Liu X, Zheng J. A dual-ratiometric electrochemical sensor based on Cu/N-doped porous carbon derived from Cu-metal organic framework for acetaminophen determination. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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3
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Alsaidi M, Azeez FA, Al-Hajji LA, Ismail AA. Impact of reaction parameters for photodegradation pharmaceuticals in wastewater over gold/titania photocatalyst synthesized by pyrolysis of NH 2-MIL-125(Ti). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 314:115047. [PMID: 35452879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The efficient remediation of pharmaceuticals, including wastewater, remains a remarkably challenging issue for water regeneration. Herein, porous Au/TiO2 synthesized by pyrolysis of NH2-MIL-125(Ti) was utilized to be an efficient photocatalyst for mineralization of trimethoprim (TMP) and Metronidazole (MNZ) as the parent compound. The effects of different factors, including TMP and MNZ concentrations, light intensity, H2O2 concentration, Au/TiO2 dosage, and pH value of reaction solution on the degradation and mineralization performances during UV and visible light (VIS), were addressed. The porous Au/TiO2 photocatalyst exhibited superior photocatalytic degradation of TMP and MNZ under UV and VIS illumination. The optimum pH values were 4; the optimum dosage of Au/TiO2 was 1.5 g/L, H2O2 concentration was 9.8 mM, TMP and MNZ concentrations was 10 ppm, and their photodegradation efficiency was 100% after 30 min illumination time and mineralization efficiency 98.2% after 3 h illumination for TMP and MNZ, respectively under UV illumination, however, the photodegradation efficiency was 100% after 50 min illumination and mineralization efficiency 96.3% after 4.5 h illumination time for TMP and MNZ, respectively under VIS illumination. The real wastewater matrix with 10 mg/L of TMP and MNZ were subjected to 60 min of illumination under similar optimum conditions of synthetic solution. The results indicated that photodegradation efficiency was determined to be 100% after 70 min illumination time for removal of both TMP (k = 3.4 × 10-2 min-1) and MNZ (k = 2.87 × 10-2 min-1). This is ascribed to the incorporation of Au NPs onto TiO2, reducing the photoinduced electron-hole recombination, thus promoting the photocatalytic performance. The possible mechanism for photodegradation of antibiotics was also discussed. The demonstration of photocatalysis mechanism over Au/TiO2 photocatalyst can provide some directing in the enhancement of novel photocatalysts based on MOFs doped by noble metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alsaidi
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Program, Energy & Building Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR), P.O. Box 24885, Safat, 13109, Kuwait
| | - Fadhel A Azeez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat, 13060, Kuwait.
| | - L A Al-Hajji
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Program, Energy & Building Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR), P.O. Box 24885, Safat, 13109, Kuwait
| | - Adel A Ismail
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Program, Energy & Building Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR), P.O. Box 24885, Safat, 13109, Kuwait
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4
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Pérez-Lemus N, López-Serna R, Pérez-Elvira S, Barrado E. Analysis of 60 pharmaceuticals and personal care products in sewage sludge by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectroscopy. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.107148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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5
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Sellier A, Khaska S, Le Gal La Salle C. Assessment of the occurrence of 455 pharmaceutical compounds in sludge according to their physical and chemical properties: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 426:128104. [PMID: 34996022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sludge agronomical reuse is of major interest due to the beneficial contribution of nutrients. However, it implies the introduction of unregulated pharmaceuticals into amended-soils and creates a controversial issue about sludge management. To limit their dissemination, it is essential to identify the compounds of interest and understand their attenuation mechanisms through the sludge processes. This paper summarizes the knowledge on 455 investigated pharmaceuticals among 32 therapeutical categories in amendable sludge matrices. It contributes to enlarging the list of commonly quantified compounds to 305 residues including 84 additional compounds compared to previous reviews. It highlights that sorption appears as the main mechanism controlling the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in sludge matrices and shows the considerable residual levels of pharmaceuticals reaching several mg/kg in dry weight. Antibiotics, stimulants, and antidepressants show the highest concentrations up to 232 mg/kg, while diuretics, anti-anxieties or anticoagulants present the lowest concentrations reaching up to 686 µg/kg. Collected data show the increase in investigated compounds as antifungals or antihistamines, and underline emerging categories like antidiabetics, antivirals, or antiarrhythmics. The in-depth analysis of the substantial database guides onto the pharmaceuticals that are the most likely to occur in these amendable matrices to assist future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Sellier
- CHROME Détection, évaluation, gestion des risques CHROniques et éMErgents (CHROME) / Université de Nîmes, 30021 Nîmes Cedex 01 - FRANCE.
| | - Somar Khaska
- CHROME Détection, évaluation, gestion des risques CHROniques et éMErgents (CHROME) / Université de Nîmes, 30021 Nîmes Cedex 01 - FRANCE.
| | - Corinne Le Gal La Salle
- CHROME Détection, évaluation, gestion des risques CHROniques et éMErgents (CHROME) / Université de Nîmes, 30021 Nîmes Cedex 01 - FRANCE.
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6
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A simultaneous extraction and enrichment method for rapid detection of polar chlorophenoxy acid and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs from wastewater based on low-generation dendrimer poly(propylene imine). Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Song Y, Feng XS. Sample Preparation and Analytical Methods for Steroid Hormones in Environmental and Food Samples: An Update Since 2012. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 53:69-87. [PMID: 34152888 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1936446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormones (SHs) have been widely used over the past few decades as both human and veterinary drugs to prevent or treat infectious diseases and anti-inflammatory benefits in clinical. Unfortunately, their residues in foodstuffs and environmental samples can produce adverse effects on human and animal life such as disrupting the endocrine system. For these reasons, sensitive, simple and efficient methods have been developed for the determination of these compounds in various matrices. This critical review summarized the articles published in the period from 2012 to 2019 and can be used to help researchers to understand development of the sample pretreatment protocols and analytical methods used to detect SHs. The developed extraction and purification techniques used for steroids in different samples, such as cloud point extraction, solid phase extraction based on different novel materials, microextraction methods, QuEChERS and other methods are summarized and discussed. Analytical methods used to quantify these compounds, such as different chromatography methods, electrochemical methods, as well as other methods, are illustrated and compared. We focused on the latest advances in SHs pretreatment, and the application of new technologies in SHs analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Dubey M, Mohapatra S, Tyagi VK, Suthar S, Kazmi AA. Occurrence, fate, and persistence of emerging micropollutants in sewage sludge treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 273:116515. [PMID: 33493756 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sludge generated at sewage treatment plants is of environmental concern due to the voluminous production and the presence of a high concentration of emerging contaminants (ECs). This review discusses the fate of ECs in sewage sludge treatment with an emphasis on fundamental mechanisms driving the degradation of compounds based on chemical properties of the contaminant and process operating conditions. The removal of ECs in sewage sludge through various treatment processes of sludge stabilization, such as anaerobic digestion (AD), composting, and pre-treatment methods (thermal, sonication, and oxidation) followed by AD, are discussed. Several transformation mechanisms and remediation strategies for the removal of ECs in sludge are summarized. The study concludes that pH, sludge type, and the types of functional groups are the key factors affecting the sorption of ECs to sludge. During conventional waste stabilization processes such as composting, the degradation of ECs depends on the type of feedstock (TOC, N, P, C/N, C/P) and the initial concentration of the contaminant. In AD, the degree of degradation depends on the hydrophilicity of the compound. The estrogenicity of the sludge may sometimes increase due to the conversion to estrogenic compounds. The pre-treatment techniques can increase the partitioning of ECs in the soluble fraction resulting in enhanced biodegradation up to 10-60%. However, the formation of by-products and loss of OH· to scavenging under high organic content during advanced oxidation processes can make the process uneconomical and require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Dubey
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sanjeeb Mohapatra
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1-Create Way, #15-02 Create Tower, 138602, Singapore
| | - Vinay Kumar Tyagi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Surindra Suthar
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Absar Ahmad Kazmi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
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9
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Sabino JA, de Sá Salomão AL, de Oliveira Muniz Cunha PM, Coutinho R, Marques M. Occurrence of organic micropollutants in an urbanized sub-basin and ecological risk assessment. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:130-141. [PMID: 33175334 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02304-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The João Mendes River - an important contributor to the Piratininga/Itaipu lagoon system in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil - receives untreated sewage from the population occupying the drainage basin with no proper sanitation infrastructure. The present study assessed the ecological risk resulting from the presence of five organic micropollutants (17α-ethynylestradiol, ibuprofen, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, bisphenol A) based on four monitoring campaigns which included three sampling points and one reference area. Chronic ecotoxicity assays were conducted with the bioindicators R. subcapitata, C. dubia and O. niloticus. Estrogenicity was assessed with genetically modified S. cerevisiae based on YES protocol. The Ecological Risk Assessment was conducted based on the Chemical and the Ecotoxicological Lines of Evidence (LoE). In order to analyse the results from different sampling points, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using a correlation matrix. Micropollutants below limit of detection or in very low concentrations were detected in the reference area; no significant differences were observed when samples from the reference area were compared to the negative controls for the ecotoxicity assays. A PCA including selected variables revealed the latent relationships among the three sampling points (not verified for the reference area), which confirmed the analytical results. An extreme ecological risk index was estimated for all sampling points in all campaigns. The extreme ecological risk index was mostly associated to the high concentrations of 17α-ethynylestradiol and the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Azevedo Sabino
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 5024E, Maracanã, CEP: 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - André Luís de Sá Salomão
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 5024E, Maracanã, CEP: 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Maria de Oliveira Muniz Cunha
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 5024E, Maracanã, CEP: 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Coutinho
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 5024E, Maracanã, CEP: 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcia Marques
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 5024E, Maracanã, CEP: 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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10
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Satyanarayana G, Du J, Asati A, Pandey AK, Kumar A, Sharma MT, Mudiam MKR. Estimation of measurement uncertainty for the quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical residues in river water using solid-phase extraction coupled with injector port silylation-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Pérez-Lemus N, López-Serna R, Pérez-Elvira SI, Barrado E. Sample pre-treatment and analytical methodology for the simultaneous determination of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in sewage sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 258:127273. [PMID: 32554005 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the design, optimization and validation of an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 14 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in sewage sludge. A thorough optimization of the sample pre-treatment was carried out. As a result, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was combined with an in-situ clean-up stage and a filtration step. A combination of MilliQ® water/MeOH 95:5 (v/v) adjusted to pH 9 turned out to be the optimal solvent mixture for extraction. The instrumental part of the method presents a significant novelty based on a fully automated sample preparation for the analysis of PPCPs. It consisted of a direct immersion solid phase microextraction followed by on-fiber derivatization, online coupled to gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (DI-SPME-On-fiber derivatization - GC-MS). An isotope dilution approach was used for quantifying, which conferred high reliability to the method. This methodology was validated for 10 compounds with good analytical performance, limit of detection below 20 ng g-1 and absolute recovery in the range of 30-70% for most of the compounds. It supposes an ecological analytical alternative for many routine analysis laboratories around the world. The developed method was applied to different real samples generated in both a pilot-scale thermal hydrolysis treatment plant and an anaerobic digester operated in mesophilic conditions. Salicylic acid and naproxen were found at concentrations above 1000 ng g-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pérez-Lemus
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Belén 7, 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - R López-Serna
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Belén 7, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - S I Pérez-Elvira
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - E Barrado
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Belén 7, 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain.
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12
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Method Validation and Investigation of the Levels of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Sludge of Wastewater Treatment Plants and Soils of Irrigated Golf Course. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143114. [PMID: 32650439 PMCID: PMC7397199 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The validation of a sensitive and reliable analytical procedure for the determination of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in solid environmental samples is reported in this study. Initially, two types of derivatization were used for the identification of the 13 target PPCP standards (acylation and silylation), but silylation proved to be better in sensitivity as it detected all of the analytes under investigation. Samples were extracted using an ultrasonicator, concentrated and re-dissolved in 100 mL water, then cleaned-up using C18 cartridges before silylation that preceded the Gas chromatography-mass Spectrometry detector (GC–MS) analyses. The optimized method provided a linear response over the range of 10–400 ng·g−1 with r2 > 0.992 and satisfactory recoveries (>45.6%) for the 13 compounds of interest. In this study, the variation of the sonication temperature, type of organic solvent for extraction, and types of cartridge were used to optimize the extraction procedure. A good repeatability (within day) and reproducibility (between days) with a relative standard deviation (RSD) that was equal or less than 13% for all the PPCPs were achieved with the developed extraction procedures for the irrigated soil and sewage sludge samples. The limits of detection (LODs) of the tested compounds varied from 0.1 ng·g−1 (aspirin) to 1.4 ng·g−1 (doxycycline) and from 0.1 ng·g−1 (codiene) to 1.7 ng·g−1 (doxycycline) for soils and sewage sludge samples, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the sludge of wastewater treatment plants and soils of an irrigated golf course. Among the tested emerging pollutants, paracetamol showed the highest concentration value of 98.9 ng·g−1 in the sludge, and for the irrigated soil (0 to 10 cm), the concentration ranged from 1.16 ng·g−1 (aspirin) to 8.57 ng·g−1 (ibuprofen).
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Borjac J, El Joumaa M, Youssef L, Kawach R, Blake DA. Quantitative Analysis of Heavy Metals and Organic Compounds in Soil from Deir Kanoun Ras El Ain Dump, Lebanon. ScientificWorldJournal 2020; 2020:8151676. [PMID: 32547327 PMCID: PMC7271233 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8151676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been a worldwide concern regarding soil contamination by heavy metals and organic compounds, especially in the developing countries including Lebanon that has suffered from solid waste mismanagement for decades. Deir Kanoun Ras El Ain is a village in southern Lebanon that possesses one of the country's worst dumps, and its leachates influx into a running canal that irrigates surrounding agricultural lands. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of some toxic heavy metals and organic compounds in different soil samples collected from the dump and along the canal during winter and summer seasons. Six research sites (four from the dump and two along the canal) were selected, and the soil samples for analysis were collected from a depth of around 10 cm. Heavy metals (lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury) and organic compounds (phthalates, bisphenol A, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons) content were determined using atomic absorption and high pressure liquid chromatography, respectively. The conducted research confirmed high levels of contamination in the collected soil samples by both heavy metals and organic compounds. The present study provided evidence that different sampling sites accumulated heavy metals at concentrations that exceeded the average maximum permissible levels for sewage sludge and agricultural land. These findings suggest the need for mitigation measures by the Lebanese authorities and new waste management programs to resolve the problems associated with uncontrolled dumping of solid wastes in Lebanon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamilah Borjac
- Department of Biological Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh, Lebanon
| | - Manal El Joumaa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh, Lebanon
| | - Lobna Youssef
- Department of Chemistry, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh, Lebanon
| | - Rawan Kawach
- Department of Biological Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh, Lebanon
| | - Diane A. Blake
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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14
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Analytical methodologies for the determination of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in sewage sludge: A critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1083:19-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Wang X, Huang P, Ma X, Du X, Lu X. Enhanced in-out-tube solid-phase microextraction by molecularly imprinted polymers-coated capillary followed by HPLC for Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals analysis. Talanta 2019; 194:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Semreen MH, Shanableh A, Semerjian L, Alniss H, Mousa M, Bai X, Acharya K. Simultaneous Determination of Pharmaceuticals by Solid-phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry: A Case Study from Sharjah Sewage Treatment Plant. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030633. [PMID: 30754718 PMCID: PMC6385045 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work describes the optimization and validation of a highly selective and sensitive analytical method using solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (SPE LC-MS/MS) for the determination of some frequently prescribed pharmaceuticals in urban wastewater received and treated by Sharjah sewage treatment plant (STP). The extraction efficiency of different SPE cartridges was tested and the simultaneous extraction of pharmaceuticals was successfully accomplished using hydrophilic-lipophilic-balanced reversed phase Waters® Oasis HLB cartridge (200 mg/ 6 mL) at pH 3. The analytes were separated on an Aquity BEH C18 column (1.7 µm, 2.1 mm × 150 mm) using gradient elution and mass spectrometric analysis were performed in multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) selecting two precursor ions to produce ion transition for each pharmaceutical using positive electrospray ionization (+ESI) mode. The correlation coefficient values in the linear calibration plot for each target compound exceeded 0.99 and the recovery percentages of the investigated pharmaceuticals were more than 84%. Limit of detection (LOD) varied between 0.1–1.5 ng/L and limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.3–5 ng/L for all analytes. The precision of the method was calculated as the relative standard deviation (RSD%) of replicate measurements and was found to be in the ranges of 2.2% to 7.7% and 2.2% to 8.6% for inter and intra-day analysis, respectively. All of the obtained validation parameters satisfied the requirements and guidelines of analytical method validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Semreen
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Abdallah Shanableh
- Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Lucy Semerjian
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Hasan Alniss
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mouath Mousa
- Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Xuelian Bai
- Desert Research Institute, 755 E Flamingo Rd, Las Vegas, NV 89119, United States.
| | - Kumud Acharya
- Desert Research Institute, 755 E Flamingo Rd, Las Vegas, NV 89119, United States.
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Martín-Pozo L, de Alarcón-Gómez B, Rodríguez-Gómez R, García-Córcoles MT, Çipa M, Zafra-Gómez A. Analytical methods for the determination of emerging contaminants in sewage sludge samples. A review. Talanta 2019; 192:508-533. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Kramer RD, Filippe TC, Prado MR, de Azevedo JCR. The influence of solid-liquid coefficient in the fate of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in aerobic wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:25515-25525. [PMID: 29956261 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2609-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are considered to be a source of environmental contamination by micropollutants, especially from pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PCPs). The pathway of those compounds during sewage treatment has been investigated, but data from real-scale WWTPs is still missing (for example, the values of the solid-liquid coefficient (Kd) during treatment). This paper uses the Kd values for some pharmaceuticals and PCPs (fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, propranolol, metoprolol, salicylic acid, acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen, fenoprofen, caffeine, triclosan, methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, and benzylparaben) to describe the micropollutants' behavior in the treatment process. In order to attain this data, an aerobic wastewater treatment plant located in Brazil was studied. Six samplings were carried out and a mass balance was performed, associating the concentrations of the micropollutants in the liquid phase with the solid phase (sludge and suspended solids). Of all the compounds analyzed, caffeine was the most biodegradable pollutant, as almost 98% of its mass was biodegraded. In contrast, triclosan had the highest load in sludge (median of 163.0 mg day-1) and adsorbed in SS (median of 0.593 mg day-1) at the output. Summing up, each micropollutant had a specific way to be removed during wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael D Kramer
- Hydraulic and Sanitation Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
- Chemistry and Biology Department, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - Tais C Filippe
- Chemistry and Biology Department, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marcelo R Prado
- Chemistry and Biology Department, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Júlio César R de Azevedo
- Hydraulic and Sanitation Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Chemistry and Biology Department, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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19
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López-Serna R, Marín-de-Jesús D, Irusta-Mata R, García-Encina PA, Lebrero R, Fdez-Polanco M, Muñoz R. Multiresidue analytical method for pharmaceuticals and personal care products in sewage and sewage sludge by online direct immersion SPME on-fiber derivatization – GCMS. Talanta 2018; 186:506-512. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.04.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Amin MM, Bina B, Ebrahimi A, Yavari Z, Mohammadi F, Rahimi S. The occurrence, fate, and distribution of natural and synthetic hormones in different types of wastewater treatment plants in Iran. Chin J Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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21
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Amin MM, Bina B, Ebrahim K, Yavari Z, Mohammadi F. Biodegradation of natural and synthetic estrogens in moving bed bioreactor. Chin J Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Wang Y, Deng W, Wang F, Su Y, Feng Y, Chen P, Ma J, Su H, Yao K, Liu Y, Lv W, Liu G. Study of the simulated sunlight photolysis mechanism of ketoprofen: the role of superoxide anion radicals, transformation byproducts, and ecotoxicity assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2017; 19:1176-1184. [PMID: 28745761 DOI: 10.1039/c7em00111h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the photolysis mechanism of ketoprofen (KET) under simulated sunlight. The results demonstrated that the photolysis of KET aligned well with pseudo first-order kinetics. Radical scavenging experiments and dissolved oxygen experiments revealed that the superoxide anion radical (O2˙-) played a primary role in the photolytic process in pure water. Bicarbonate slightly increased the photodegradation of KET through generating carbonate radicals, while DOM inhibited the photolysis via both attenuating light and competing radicals. Moreover, Zhujiang river water inhibited KET phototransformation. Potential KET degradation pathways were proposed based on the identification of products using LC/MS/MS and GC/MS techniques. The theoretical prediction of reaction sites was derived from Frontier Electron Densities (FEDs), which primarily involved the KET decarboxylation reaction. The ecotoxicity of the treated solutions was evaluated by employing Daphnia magna and V. fischeri as biological indicators. Ecotoxicity was also hypothetically predicted through the "ecological structure-activity relationship" (ECOSAR) program, which revealed that toxic products might be generated during the photolysis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfei Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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23
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García-Santiago X, Garrido JM, Lema JM, Franco-Uría A. Fate of pharmaceuticals in soil after application of STPs products: Influence of physicochemical properties and modelling approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 182:406-415. [PMID: 28511136 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Depurated effluents can be employed as reclaimed water for irrigation in regions with low precipitations, while nutrients-rich biosolids are usually applied as fertilizer for agricultural purposes. However, both practices may result in the accumulation of micropollutants in the soil compartment, the contamination of groundwater, and/or their biotransfer to different living organisms until they finally may reach human receptors. The fate and transport of seven pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) with different physicochemical properties was analysed for these scenarios employing two different models: the buckets model and the HYDRUS-1D software package. The results indicated that these compounds have a low potential to contaminate groundwater in the type of soil under study (silty loam), although triclosan tended to accumulate in the top layers of the soil. Similar conclusions were reached through both models, although they predicted different solute plant uptake and accumulation patterns of the evaluated compounds. Therefore, the buckets model can be considered as an adequate option to perform a screening level assessment of these compounds. However, HYDRUS-1D could provide more information on the fate of pharmaceuticals in soil, thus contributing to reduce the uncertainty already associated to PPCPs. Additionally, the significant difference of the Hazard Index (HI) obtained from a human health risk assessment performed using the estimated soil concentrations from both models also contributed to recommend the use of a model that considers all the relevant mechanisms of mass transfer to reduce overestimation of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xela García-Santiago
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan M Garrido
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan M Lema
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Amaya Franco-Uría
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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24
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Molina-Fernandez N, Perez-Conde C, Rainieri S, Sanz-Landaluze J. Method for quantifying NSAIDs and clofibric acid in aqueous samples, lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) roe, and zebrafish (Danio rerio) eleutheroembryos and evaluation of their bioconcentration in zebrafish eleutheroembryos. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:10907-10918. [PMID: 27164891 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6671-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and lipid regulators are being repeatedly detected at low concentrations (pg · mL-1-ng · mL-1) in the environment. A large fraction of these compounds are ionizable. Ionized compounds show different physico-chemical properties and environmental behavior in comparison to their neutral analogs; as a consequence, the quantification methods currently available, based on the neutral molecules, might not be suitable to detect the corresponding ionized compounds. To overcome this problem, we developed a specific analytical method to quantify NSAIDs and lipid regulators (i.e., ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen, and clofibric acid) and their ionized compounds. This method is based on three steps: (1) the extraction of the organic compounds with an organic solvent assisted with an ultrasonic probe, (2) the cleaning of the extracts with a dispersive SPE with C18, and (3) the determination of the chemical compounds by GC-MS (prior derivatization of the analytes). We demonstrated that the proposed method can successfully quantify the pharmaceuticals and their ionized compounds in aqueous samples, lumpfish eggs, and zebrafish eleutheroembryos. Additionally, it allows the extraction and the cleanup of extracts from small samples (0.010 g of wet weight in pools of 20 larvae) and complex matrixes (due to high lipid content) and can be used as a basis for bioaccumulation assays performed with zebrafish eleutheroembryos in alternative to OECD test 305.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Molina-Fernandez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Perez-Conde
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Rainieri
- Food Research Division, AZTI, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea 609, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - J Sanz-Landaluze
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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25
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Zhou L, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Ji Y, Yang X. Aquatic photolysis of β2-agonist salbutamol: kinetics and mechanism studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:5544-5553. [PMID: 28028708 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Salbutamol (SAL) has been widely used as medicine both in treating asthma and in animal primary production; an increasing number of reports have detected SAL in natural waters. The photolysis kinetic and pathway of SAL in aquatic system were studied, as well as the effect of several natural water constituents, such as nitrate, dissolved oxygen (DO) and ferric ions. According to our research, the direct photolysis of SAL followed pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. Alkaline condition could promote the degradation of SAL; the increase of solution pH would simultaneously increase the fraction of the deprotonated forms of SAL (including the deprotonated and zwitterionic species), which were easier to be excited, and result in the bathochromic shift of the UV-Vis spectrum and, finally, accelerate the degradation rate of SAL. The presence of nitrate could enhance the removal rate of SAL via generation hydroxyl radical (·OH) under irradiation. In addition, the absence of oxygen in the reaction solution could decrease the photolysis. Moreover, Fe(III) was able to chelate with SAL to form an octahedral complex, which was photochemically reactive. The octahedral complex could generate ·OH to oxidize SAL itself in turn. The pathways of SAL photolysis were also investigated by means of the solid phase extraction (SPE)-LC-MS method. The major pathways of SAL photodegradation included oxidation and side-chain cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Yuefei Ji
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Mailler R, Gasperi J, Patureau D, Vulliet E, Delgenes N, Danel A, Deshayes S, Eudes V, Guerin S, Moilleron R, Chebbo G, Rocher V. Fate of emerging and priority micropollutants during the sewage sludge treatment: Case study of Paris conurbation. Part 1: Contamination of the different types of sewage sludge. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 59:379-393. [PMID: 27847230 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This article provides data on the contamination of different kinds of sludge (raw, centrifuged, digested, thermally dried sludge and sludge cake) from Paris conurbation by 71 various pollutants including pharmaceutical products (PHPs), hormones, perfluorinated acids (PFAs), linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), alkylphenols (APs), phthalates (PAEs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs). Very high contents of LAS (0.1-10g/kg dry matter - DM) compared to other compounds were found in all types of sludge followed by DEHP (10-100mg/kg DM) and fluoroquinolones (1-100mg/kg DM). APs were measured at intermediary contents in Parisian sludge, lying in the 2-20mg/kg DM range. Finally, hormones, PAHs, PCBs, PAEs, PFAs and the remaining PHPs were all found at contents lower than 1mg/kg DM. For most compounds (PHPs, PFOS, DEHP, PAHs), no significant differences in the micropollutant contents were found for similar types of sludge from different WWTP in Paris, highlighting the homogeneity of sludge contamination in downstream Paris catchment. The variability of concentration is rather high (coefficient of variation >100%) for several PHPs, PFAs or PCBs while it is moderate (<100%) or low (<50%) for fluoroquinolones, hormones, PAHs, APs or LAS. In addition, digestion seems to have a buffer effect as variabilities are lower in digested sludge for PHPs, PFAs, APs and PCBs. During sludge treatment (centrifugation, digestion, thermal drying, sludge conditioning+press filtration), the hormones, LAS, APs, PAHs, DEHP and PCBs concentrations increased, while those of PHPs and PFAs decreased. In the case of digestion, the increase of content can be explained by no pollutant removal or a lower removal than DM removal (concentration phenomenon) whereas the decrease underlines that the compound is more removed than the DM. In any case, these concentration variations presuppose the mechanisms of dissipation that could be attributed to volatilization, biotic or abiotic transformation (complete or with metabolites production), bound residues formation. In addition, data on sludge liquors - centrifuged (CW) and condensed (TDW) waters - from respectively centrifugation and thermal drying were collected. Several hormones, PHPs, PFAs, LAS, PAEs, APs, PCBs and PAHs were quantified in CW and TDW, displaying a transfer through the water removal. The concentrations observed are rather comparable to those found in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mailler
- SIAAP, Direction du Développement et de la Prospective, 82 avenue Kléber, 92700 Colombes, France.
| | - J Gasperi
- LEESU (UMR MA 102, Université Paris-Est, Agro ParisTech), 61 avenue du Général De Gaulle, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France.
| | | | - E Vulliet
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ENS-Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - A Danel
- LBE, INRA, 11100 Narbonne, France
| | - S Deshayes
- LEESU (UMR MA 102, Université Paris-Est, Agro ParisTech), 61 avenue du Général De Gaulle, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France; LCPP (UMR 0050, INRA), 39 bis rue de Dantzig, 75015 Paris, France
| | - V Eudes
- LCPP (UMR 0050, INRA), 39 bis rue de Dantzig, 75015 Paris, France
| | - S Guerin
- SIAAP, Direction du Développement et de la Prospective, 82 avenue Kléber, 92700 Colombes, France
| | - R Moilleron
- LEESU (UMR MA 102, Université Paris-Est, Agro ParisTech), 61 avenue du Général De Gaulle, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France
| | - G Chebbo
- LEESU (UMR MA 102, Université Paris-Est, Agro ParisTech), 6-8 avenue Blaise Pascal, Champs-sur-Marne, 77455 Marne-la-Vallée Cedex 2, France
| | - V Rocher
- SIAAP, Direction du Développement et de la Prospective, 82 avenue Kléber, 92700 Colombes, France.
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27
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Larivière A, Lissalde S, Soubrand M, Casellas-Français M. Overview of Multiresidues Analytical Methods for the Quantitation of Pharmaceuticals in Environmental Solid Matrixes: Comparison of Analytical Development Strategy for Sewage Sludge, Manure, Soil, and Sediment Samples. Anal Chem 2016; 89:453-465. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Larivière
- Research
Group on Water, Soil and Environment (GRESE−EA 4330), University of Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Lissalde
- Research
Group on Water, Soil and Environment (GRESE−EA 4330), University of Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Marilyne Soubrand
- Research
Group on Water, Soil and Environment (GRESE−EA 4330), University of Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Magali Casellas-Français
- Research
Group on Water, Soil and Environment (GRESE−EA 4330), National
Higher Engineering School of Limoges (ENSIL), Parc ESTER Technopole, 16 Rue Atlantis, 87720 Limoges, France
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28
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Belhaj D, Athmouni K, Jerbi B, Kallel M, Ayadi H, Zhou JL. Estrogenic compounds in Tunisian urban sewage treatment plant: occurrence, removal and ecotoxicological impact of sewage discharge and sludge disposal. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2016; 25:1849-1857. [PMID: 27660067 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-016-1733-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence, fate and ecotoxicological assessment of selected estrogenic compounds were investigated at Tunisian urban sewage treatment plant. The influents, effluents, as well as primary, secondary and dehydrated sludge, were sampled and analyzed for the target estrogens to evaluate their fate. All target compounds were detected in both sewage and sludge with mean concentrations from 0.062 to 0.993 μg L-1 and from 11.8 to 792.9 μg kg-1dry weight, respectively. A wide range of removal efficiencies during the treatment processes were observed, from 6.3 % for estrone to 76.8 % for estriol. Ecotoxicological risk assessment revealed that the highest ecotoxicological risk in sewage effluent and dehydrated sludge was due to 17β-estradiol with a risk quotient (RQ) of 4.6 and 181.9, respectively, and 17α-ethinylestradiol with RQ of 9.8 and 14.85, respectively. Ecotoxicological risk after sewage discharge and sludge disposal was limited to the presence of 17β-estradiol in dehydrated-sludge amended soil with RQ of 1.38. Further control of estrogenic hormones in sewage effluent and sludge is essential before their discharge and application in order to prevent their introduction into the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalel Belhaj
- Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Aquatic Ecosystems, Ecology and Planktonology, University of Sfax-Tunisia, FSS, Street Soukra Km 3.5, BP 1171, Sfax, CP 3000, Tunisia.
| | - Khaled Athmouni
- Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Aquatic Ecosystems, Ecology and Planktonology, University of Sfax-Tunisia, FSS, Street Soukra Km 3.5, BP 1171, Sfax, CP 3000, Tunisia
| | - Bouthaina Jerbi
- ENIS. Engineering laboratory of Environment and Ecotechnology. LR16ES19, University of Sfax-Tunisia, Street Soukra Km 3.5. BP 1173, Sfax, CP 3038, Tunisia
| | - Monem Kallel
- ENIS. Engineering laboratory of Environment and Ecotechnology. LR16ES19, University of Sfax-Tunisia, Street Soukra Km 3.5. BP 1173, Sfax, CP 3038, Tunisia
| | - Habib Ayadi
- Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Aquatic Ecosystems, Ecology and Planktonology, University of Sfax-Tunisia, FSS, Street Soukra Km 3.5, BP 1171, Sfax, CP 3000, Tunisia
| | - John L Zhou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
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29
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Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in environmental matrices: Review of analytical strategies for pharmaceuticals, estrogenic hormones, and alkylphenol compounds. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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30
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Ma J, Lv W, Chen P, Lu Y, Wang F, Li F, Yao K, Liu G. Photodegradation of gemfibrozil in aqueous solution under UV irradiation: kinetics, mechanism, toxicity, and degradation pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:14294-306. [PMID: 27055889 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6451-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The lipid regulator gemfibrozil (GEM) has been reported to be persistent in conventional wastewater treatment plants. This study investigated the photolytic behavior, toxicity of intermediate products, and degradation pathways of GEM in aqueous solutions under UV irradiation. The results demonstrated that the photodegradation of GEM followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the pseudo-first-order rate constant was decreased markedly with increasing initial concentrations of GEM and initial pH. The photodegradation of GEM included direct photolysis via (3)GEM(*) and self-sensitization via ROS, where the contribution rates of degradation were 0.52, 90.05, and 8.38 % for ·OH, (1)O2, and (3)GEM(*), respectively. Singlet oxygen ((1)O2) was evidenced by the molecular probe compound, furfuryl alcohol (FFA), and was identified as the primary reactive species in the photolytic process. The steady-state concentrations of (1)O2 increased from (0.324 ± 0.014) × 10(-12) to (1.021 ± 0.040) × 10(-12) mol L(-1), as the initial concentrations of GEM were increased from 5 to 20 mg L(-1). The second-order rate constant for the reaction of GEM with (1)O2 was calculated to be 2.55 × 10(6) M(-1) s(-1). The primary transformation products were identified using HPLC-MS/MS, and possible photodegradation pathways were proposed by hydroxylation, aldehydes reactions, as well as the cleavage of ether side chains. The toxicity of phototransformation product evaluation revealed that photolysis potentially provides a critical pathway for GEM toxicity reduction in potable water and wastewater treatment facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshuai Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenying Lv
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yida Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengliang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuhua Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Yao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoguang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
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31
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Ojajuni O, Holder S, Cavalli G, Lee J, Saroj DP. Rejection of Caffeine and Carbamazepine by Surface-Coated PVDF Hollow-Fiber Membrane System. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b04055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatosin Ojajuni
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of
Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering
and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Shima Holder
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of
Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering
and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel Cavalli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of
Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering
and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Judy Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of
Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering
and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Devendra P. Saroj
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of
Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering
and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
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Diclofenac in municipal wastewater treatment plant: quantification using laser diode thermal desorption—atmospheric pressure chemical ionization—tandem mass spectrometry approach in comparison with an established liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry method. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1433:106-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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García-Santiago X, Franco-Uría A, Omil F, Lema JM. Risk assessment of persistent pharmaceuticals in biosolids: Dealing with uncertainty. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 302:72-81. [PMID: 26444489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A screening-level risk assessment of biosolids-borne PPCPs in agricultural scenarios was developed in this work. While several of these compounds are efficiently removed in sewage treatment plants (STPs), others are recalcitrant to degradation and can be found in sludge at significant levels. As the rate of biosolids reuse for fertilising and/or amendment purposes is increasing, it is necessary to evaluate the fate in soil and possible biotransfer of this type of pollutants in the long-term. The study includes six compounds that were selected considering data availability, presence in sludge and persistence. Due to the scarce data still present in literature, a probabilistic assessment to address uncertainty was developed. A 95th percentile of the hazard index (HI) exceeding 1 was obtained, with main contributions of triclosan and carbamazepine. Although these estimates were obtained under a worst-case approach, and that they can vary depending on scenario characteristics, they change the least-concern classification associated to the presence of PPCPs in biosolids. A sensitivity analysis indicates the high influence of application rate and sludge concentration level on the results. Thus, the importance of developing new strategies of removal in advanced STPs and the establishment of a specific biosolids reuse regulation including this type of compounds acquires an added significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xela García-Santiago
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Amaya Franco-Uría
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Francisco Omil
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan M Lema
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Saini G, Pant S, Alam T, Kazmi AA. Occurrence and fate of endocrine disrupting chemicals in ASP based sewage treatment plant in Hardwar. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 74:1039-1050. [PMID: 27642823 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of emerging contaminants such as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in our water resources is of prime concern. With this context, fate and seasonal variation of six EDCs (testosterone, T; progesterone, P; diethyl phthalate, DEP; dibutyl phthalate, DBP; propyl-paraben, PP and butyl-paraben, BP) were assessed throughout the year, i.e. in rainy, winter, spring and summer seasons in the raw, treated wastewater and activated sludge in an activated sludge process (ASP) based sewage treatment plant (STP) located in Haridwar, India. Qualitative and quantitative measurements were performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Results indicate that in summer, the examined STP could effectively remove 82.9% of T, 86.4% of P, 95.5% of DEP, 92.4% of DBP, 91.5% of PP, and 89.9% of BP from the wastewater. Among the EDCs considered, higher removal efficiencies were achieved for phthalates in the summer season. GC-MS analysis showed that a small fraction of EDCs was sorbed on the solid fraction of activated sludge. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy analysis were also performed to investigate the occurrence of EDCs in biomass samples. Results of this study also demonstrated that removal efficiency, assessed in terms of physicochemical and microbiological parameters, was maximum in summer and reached minimum in rainy season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Saini
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India E-mail:
| | - Shalini Pant
- S. S. D. P. C. Girls P. G. College, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 246174, India
| | - Tanveer Alam
- K. L. D. A. V. P. G. College, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 246174, India
| | - A A Kazmi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India E-mail:
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35
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Zhang Z, Le Velly M, Rhind SM, Kyle CE, Hough RL, Duff EI, McKenzie C. A study on temporal trends and estimates of fate of Bisphenol A in agricultural soils after sewage sludge amendment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 515-516:1-11. [PMID: 25682473 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Temporal concentration trends of BPA in soils were investigated following sewage sludge application to pasture (study 1: short term sludge application; study 2: long term multiple applications over 13 years). The background levels of BPA in control soils were similar, ranging between 0.67-10.57 ng g(-1) (mean: 3.02 ng g(-1)) and 0.51-6.58 ng g(-1) (mean: 3.22 ng g(-1)) for studies 1 and 2, respectively. Concentrations in both treated and control plots increased over the earlier sampling times of the study to a maximum and then decreased over later sampling times, suggesting other sources of BPA to both the treated and control soils over the study period. In study 1 there was a significant treatment effect of sludge application in the autumn (p=0.002) although no significant difference was observed between treatment and control soils in the spring. In study 2 treated soils contained considerably higher BPA concentrations than controls ranging between 12.89-167.9 ng g(-1) (mean: 63.15 ng g(-1)). This and earlier studies indicate the long-term accumulation of multiple contaminants by multiple sewage sludge applications over a prolonged period although the effects of the presence of such contaminant mixtures have not yet been elucidated. Fugacity modelling was undertaken to estimate partitioning of Bisphenol A (soil plus sewage: pore water: soil air partitioning) and potential uptake into a range of food crops. While Bisphenol A sorbs strongly to the sewage-amended soil, 4% by mass was predicted to enter soil pore water resulting in significant uptake by crops particularly leafy vegetables (3.12-75.5 ng g(-1)), but also for root crops (1.28-31.0 ng g(-1)) with much lower uptake into cereal grains (0.62-15.0 ng g(-1)). This work forms part of a larger programme of research aimed at assessing the risks associated with the long-term application of sewage sludge to agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulin Zhang
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK.
| | - Morgane Le Velly
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK; Robert Gordon University, Institute for Innovation Design and Sustainability (IDEAS), Riverside East, Garthdee, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Stewart M Rhind
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Carol E Kyle
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Rupert L Hough
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Elizabeth I Duff
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Craig McKenzie
- Robert Gordon University, Institute for Innovation Design and Sustainability (IDEAS), Riverside East, Garthdee, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK
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36
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Bottoni P, Caroli S. Detection and quantification of residues and metabolites of medicinal products in environmental compartments, food commodities and workplaces. A review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 106:3-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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37
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Azzouz A, Ballesteros E. Trace analysis of endocrine disrupting compounds in environmental water samples by use of solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1360:248-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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38
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Cerqueira MBR, Guilherme JR, Caldas SS, Martins ML, Zanella R, Primel EG. Evaluation of the QuEChERS method for the extraction of pharmaceuticals and personal care products from drinking-water treatment sludge with determination by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 107:74-82. [PMID: 24875873 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A modified version of the QuEChERS method has been evaluated for the determination of 21 pharmaceuticals and 6 personal care products (PPCPs) in drinking-water sludge samples by employing ultra high liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The performance of the method was evaluated through linearity, recovery, precision (intra-day), method detection and quantification limits (MDL and MQL) and matrix effect. The calibration curves prepared in acetonitrile and in the matrix extract showed a correlation coefficient ranging from 0.98 to 0.99. MQLs values were on the ng g(-1) order of magnitude for most compounds. Recoveries between 50% and 93% were reached with RSDs lower than 10% for most compounds. Matrix effect was almost absent with values lower than 16% for 93% of the compounds. By coupling a quick and simple extraction called QuEChERS with the UPLC-MS/MS analysis, a method that is both selective and sensitive was obtained. This methodology was successfully applied to real samples and caffeine and benzophenone-3 were detected in ng g(-1) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maristela B R Cerqueira
- Post-Graduation Program in Technological and Environmental Chemistry, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Laboratório de Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, s/n, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State 96201-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana R Guilherme
- Post-Graduation Program in Technological and Environmental Chemistry, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Laboratório de Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, s/n, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State 96201-900, Brazil
| | - Sergiane S Caldas
- Post-Graduation Program in Technological and Environmental Chemistry, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Laboratório de Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, s/n, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State 96201-900, Brazil
| | - Manoel L Martins
- Laboratório de Análises de Resíduos de Pesticidas (LARP), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Renato Zanella
- Laboratório de Análises de Resíduos de Pesticidas (LARP), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Ednei G Primel
- Post-Graduation Program in Technological and Environmental Chemistry, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Laboratório de Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, s/n, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State 96201-900, Brazil.
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39
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Determination of 4′-isobutylacetophenone and other transformation products of anti-inflammatory drugs in water and sludge from five wastewater treatment plants in Sweden by hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Talanta 2014; 125:87-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Kwon JW, Rodriguez JM. Occurrence and removal of selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products in three wastewater-treatment plants. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 66:538-548. [PMID: 24357097 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-013-9979-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Residues of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have been detected in surface waters. Incomplete removal of these compounds by wastewater-treatment plants (WWTPs) results in their presence in effluents and finally in surface waters. The occurrence and removal of four PPCPs was investigated in three WWTPs in Mississippi, USA, during a period of 1 year. Influent and effluent were sampled from the three WWTPs. Upstream and downstream samples of the WWTPs were also collected. All four PPCPs were detected in all influents where sulfamethoxazole showed the highest concentration levels with a median concentration of 1,640 ng/L, and carbamazepine was detected at the lowest level with a median concentration of 132 ng/L. Different PPCPs were removed to different extents varying from 99 to 100 %. Gemfibrozil showed the highest removal rates (73-100 %), whereas carbamazepine showed the lowest (-99 to -30 %). Secondary activated sludge in oxidation-ditch process showed remarkable PPCP-specific removal rates. Galaxolide was removed more than the other PPCPs, and sulfamethoxazole showed the least removal. Galaxolide was found to be a predominant PPCP in effluent among the PPCPs studied, and it was detected in all downstream (14.1-428.2 ng/L) and upstream (4.1-60.0 ng/L) samples. Sulfamethoxazole was removed more during the summer than the winter season. A clear increase of PPCP concentrations was observed in most downstream samples compared with upstream samples suggesting that discharges from WWTPs are the major source of PPCPs in surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Wook Kwon
- Mississippi State Chemical Laboratory, Mississippi State University, PO Box CR, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
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41
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Optimization of diclofenac quantification from wastewater treatment plant sludge by ultrasonication assisted extraction. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 958:48-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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42
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Singh B, Kumar A, Malik AK. Recent Advances in Sample Preparation Methods for Analysis of Endocrine Disruptors from Various Matrices. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2014; 44:255-69. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2013.859981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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43
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Mohapatra DP, Brar SK, Tyagi RD, Picard P, Surampalli RY. Analysis and advanced oxidation treatment of a persistent pharmaceutical compound in wastewater and wastewater sludge-carbamazepine. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 470-471:58-75. [PMID: 24140682 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) are considered as emerging environmental problem due to their continuous input and persistence to the aquatic ecosystem even at low concentrations. Among them, carbamazepine (CBZ) has been detected at the highest frequency, which ends up in aquatic systems via wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) among other sources. The identification and quantification of CBZ in wastewater (WW) and wastewater sludge (WWS) is of major interest to assess the toxicity of treated effluent discharged into the environment. Furthermore, WWS has been subjected for re-use either in agricultural application or for the production of value-added products through the route of bioconversion. However, this field application is disputable due to the presence of these organic compounds and in order to protect the ecosystem or end users, data concerning the concentration, fate, behavior as well as the perspective of simultaneous degradation of these compounds is urgently necessary. Many treatment technologies, including advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been developed in order to degrade CBZ in WW and WWS. AOPs are technologies based on the intermediacy of hydroxyl and other radicals to oxidize recalcitrant, toxic and non-biodegradable compounds to various by-products and eventually to inert end products. The purpose of this review is to provide information on persistent pharmaceutical compound, carbamazepine, its ecological effects and removal during various AOPs of WW and WWS. This review also reports the different analytical methods available for quantification of CBZ in different contaminated media including WW and WWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Mohapatra
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - S K Brar
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - R D Tyagi
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - P Picard
- Phytronix Technologies, 4535 Boulevard Wilfrid Hamel, Québec G1P 2J7, Canada
| | - R Y Surampalli
- US Environmental Protection Agency, P.O. Box 17-2141, Kansas City, KS 66117, USA
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44
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Chen F, Ying GG, Ma YB, Chen ZF, Lai HJ, Peng FJ. Field dissipation and risk assessment of typical personal care products TCC, TCS, AHTN and HHCB in biosolid-amended soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 470-471:1078-1086. [PMID: 24239829 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The antimicrobial agents triclocarban (TCC) and triclosan (TCS) and synthetic musks AHTN (Tonalide) and HHCB (Galaxolide) are widely used in many personal care products. These compounds may release into the soil environment through biosolid application to agricultural land and potentially affect soil organisms. This paper aimed to investigate accumulation, dissipation and potential risks of TCC, TCS, AHTN and HHCB in biosolid-amended soils of the three field trial sites (Zhejiang, Hunan and Shandong) with three treatments (CK: control without biosolid application, T1: single biosolid application, T2: repeated biosolid application every year). The one-year monitoring results showed that biosolids application could lead to accumulation of these four chemicals in the biosolid-amended soils, with the residual concentrations in the following order: TCC>TCS>AHTN>HHCB. Dissipation of TCC, TCS, AHTN and HHCB in the biosolid-amended soils followed the first-order kinetics model. Half-lives for TCC, TCS, AHTN and HHCB under the field conditions of Shandong site were 191, 258, 336 and 900 days for T1, and 51, 106, 159 and 83 days for T2, respectively. Repeated applications of biosolid led to accumulation of these personal care products and result in higher ecological risks. Based on the residual levels in the trial sites and limited toxicity data, high risks to soil organisms are expected for TCC and TCS, while low-medium risks for AHTN and HHCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guizhou Academy of Environmental Science and Designing, Guizhou 550002, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yi-Bing Ma
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Nutrient Cycling, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hua-Jie Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Feng-Jiao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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45
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Zenker A, Cicero MR, Prestinaci F, Bottoni P, Carere M. Bioaccumulation and biomagnification potential of pharmaceuticals with a focus to the aquatic environment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2014; 133:378-387. [PMID: 24419205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals, among the emerging contaminants, are one of the most relevant groups of substances in aquatic ecosystems due to universal use, their chemico-physical properties and known mode of action in aquatic organisms at low concentrations. After administration many drugs and their transformation products are only retained to some extent in wastewater treatment plants therefore entering the aquatic environment in considerable high amounts. The yearly consumption to treat human and animal diseases, also in livestock and aquaculture was estimated to be hundred thousands tons per year leading to high concentrations in surface water of developed countries. Mostly, pharmaceutical residues in effluents of wastewater treatment plants or in the water column of surface waters have been reported, but data about concentrations in the aquatic biota, partitioning of pharmaceuticals to biosolids, soils, and sediments and the bioaccumulation properties are often lacking. Chronic and subtle effects can be expected when aquatic organisms are long term exposed by pseudo-persistent, persistent and accumulative compounds. This review aims to summarize the current state of research about the fate of pharmaceuticals regarding bioconcentration, bioaccumulation and potential biomagnification in aquatic ecosystems. More comprehensive approaches for the evaluation of environmental (ERA) and human health risk assessment (HRA) are included and analytical methods required to detect bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Zenker
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Ecopreneurship - Switzerland, Gruendenstrasse, 40, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Maria Rita Cicero
- National Institute of Health, Department of Environment and Primary Prevention - Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Prestinaci
- National Institute of Health, Department of Environment and Primary Prevention - Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Bottoni
- National Institute of Health, Department of Environment and Primary Prevention - Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Carere
- National Institute of Health, Department of Environment and Primary Prevention - Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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46
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Perron MM, Burgess RM, Suuberg EM, Cantwell MG, Pennell KG. Performance of passive samplers for monitoring estuarine water column concentrations: 2. Emerging contaminants. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2013; 32:2190-6. [PMID: 23595851 PMCID: PMC4006789 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Measuring dissolved concentrations of emerging contaminants, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and triclosan, can be challenging due to their physicochemical properties resulting in low aqueous solubilities and association with particles. Passive sampling methods have been applied to assess dissolved concentrations in water and sediments primarily for legacy contaminants. Although the technology is applicable to some emerging contaminants, the use of passive samplers with emerging contaminants is limited. In the present study, the performance of 3 common passive samplers was evaluated for sampling PBDEs and triclosan. Passive sampling polymers included low-density polyethylene (PE) and polyoxymethylene (POM) sheets, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-coated solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers. Dissolved concentrations were calculated using measured sampler concentrations and laboratory-derived partition coefficients. Dissolved tri-, tetra-, and pentabrominated PBDE congeners were detected at several of the study sites at very low pg/L concentrations using PE and POM. Calculated dissolved water concentrations of triclosan ranged from 1.7 ng/L to 18 ng/L for POM and 8.8 ng/L to 13 ng/L for PE using performance reference compound equilibrium adjustments. Concentrations in SPME were not reported due to lack of detectable chemical in the PDMS polymer deployed. Although both PE and POM were found to effectively accumulate emerging contaminants from the water column, further research is needed to determine their utility as passive sampling devices for emerging contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique M Perron
- National Research Council, US Environmental Protection Agency, ORD/NHEERL, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA.
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Yu Y, Liu Y, Wu L. Sorption and degradation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:4261-4267. [PMID: 23292228 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1442-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are one class of the most urgent emerging contaminants, which have drawn much public and scientific concern due to widespread contamination in aquatic environment. Most studies on the environmental fate and behavior of PPCPs have focused on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Some other compounds with high concentrations were less mentioned. In this study, sorption and degradation of five selected PPCPs, including bisphenol A (BPA), carbamazepine (CBZ), gemfibrozil (GFB), octylphenol (OP), and triclosan (TCS) have been investigated using three different soils. Sorption isotherms of all tested PPCPs in soils were well described by Freundlich equation. TCS and OP showed moderate to strong sorption, while the sorption of GFB and CBZ in soils was negligible. Degradation of PPCPs in three soils was generally fitted first-order exponential decay model, with half-lives (t 1/2) varying from 9.8 to 39.1 days. Sterilization could prolong the t 1/2 of PPCPs in soil, indicating that microbial activity played an important role in the degradation of these chemicals in soils. Degradation of PPCPs in soils was also influenced by the soil organic carbon (f oc) contents. Results from our data show that sorption to the soils varied among the different PPCPs, and their sorption affinity on soil followed the order of TCS > OP > BPA > GFB > CBZ. The degradation of the selected PPCPs in soil was influenced by the microbial activity and soil type. The poor sorption and relative persistence of CBZ suggest that it may pose a high leaching risk for groundwater contamination when recycled for irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yu
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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48
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Application of graphene for the analysis of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in wastewater. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:4913-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6867-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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49
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Ye A, Yang Y, Zhang J, Liu M, Hou L, Zhou JL. Simultaneous determination of steroidal and phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals in fish by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1278:126-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Daughton CG, Ruhoy IS. Lower-dose prescribing: minimizing "side effects" of pharmaceuticals on society and the environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013. [PMID: 23201698 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The prescribed use of pharmaceuticals can result in unintended, unwelcomed, and potentially adverse consequences for the environment and for those not initially targeted for treatment. Medication usage frequently results in the collateral introduction to the environment (via excretion and bathing) of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), bioactive metabolites, and reversible conjugates. Imprudent prescribing and non-compliant patient behavior drive the accumulation of unused medications, which pose major public health risks from diversion as well as risks for the environment from unsound disposal, such as flushing to sewers. The prescriber has the unique wherewithal to reduce each of these risks by modifying various aspects of the practice of prescribing. By incorporating consideration of the potential for adverse environmental impacts into the practice of prescribing, patient care also could possibly be improved and public health better protected. Although excretion of an API is governed by its characteristic pharmacokinetics, this variable can be somewhat controlled by the prescriber in selecting APIs possessing environment-friendly excretion profiles and in selecting the lowest effective dose. This paper presents the first critical examination of the multi-faceted role of drug dose in reducing the ambient levels of APIs in the environment and in reducing the incidence of drug wastage, which ultimately necessitates disposal of leftovers. Historically, drug dose has been actively excluded from consideration in risk mitigation strategies for reducing ambient API levels in the environment. Personalized adjustment of drug dose also holds the potential for enhancing therapeutic outcomes while simultaneously reducing the incidence of adverse drug events and in lowering patient healthcare costs. Optimizing drug dose is a major factor in improving the sustainability of health care. The prescriber needs to be cognizant that the "patient" encompasses the environment and other "bystanders," and that prescribed treatments can have unanticipated, collateral impacts that reach far beyond the healthcare setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian G Daughton
- Environmental Sciences Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 944 East Harmon Avenue, Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA.
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