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Balcells C, Xu Y, Gil-Solsona R, Maitre L, Gago-Ferrero P, Keun HC. Blurred lines: Crossing the boundaries between the chemical exposome and the metabolome. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2024; 78:102407. [PMID: 38086287 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The aetiology of every human disease lies in a combination of genetic and environmental factors, each contributing in varying proportions. While genomics investigates the former, a comparable holistic paradigm was proposed for environmental exposures in 2005, marking the onset of exposome research. Since then, the exposome definition has broadened to include a wide array of physical, chemical, and psychosocial factors that interact with the human body and potentially alter the epigenome, the transcriptome, the proteome, and the metabolome. The chemical exposome, deeply intertwined with the metabolome, includes all small molecules originating from diet as well as pharmaceuticals, personal care and consumer products, or pollutants in air and water. The set of techniques to interrogate these exposures, primarily mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, are also extensively used in metabolomics. Recent advances in untargeted metabolomics using high resolution mass spectrometry have paved the way for the development of methods able to provide in depth characterisation of both the internal chemical exposome and the endogenous metabolome simultaneously. Herein we review the available tools, databases, and workflows currently available for such work, and discuss how these can bridge the gap between the study of the metabolome and the exposome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Balcells
- Institute of Developmental and Reproductive Biology (IRDB), Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Yitao Xu
- Institute of Developmental and Reproductive Biology (IRDB), Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rubén Gil-Solsona
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Léa Maitre
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Gago-Ferrero
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hector C Keun
- Institute of Developmental and Reproductive Biology (IRDB), Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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2
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Kimura E, Suzuki G, Uramaru N, Kakeyama M, Maekawa F. 2-Chloro-3,7,8-tribromodibenzofuran as a new environmental pollutant inducing atypical ultrasonic vocalization in infant mice. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:999-1004. [PMID: 37915473 PMCID: PMC10615804 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental studies indicate that maternal exposure to environmental pollutants impairs the cognitive and motor functions of offspring in humans and laboratory animals. Infant ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), the communicative behavior of pups toward caregivers, are impaired in rodent models of neurodevelopmental disorders, suggesting a useful method to evaluate the developmental neurotoxicity of environmental pollutants. Therefore, we investigated USVs emitted by mouse pups of dams exposed to 2-chloro-3,7,8-tribromodibenzofuran (TeXDF) and 1,2,3,7,8-pentabromodibenzofuran (PeBDF), which are detected in the actual environment. The USV duration and number in the pups born to dams administered with TeXDF 40 μg/kg body weight (b.w.), but not 8 μg/kg b.w., on gestational day (GD) 12.5, were significantly lower than those in the corresponding pups on postnatal days 3-9. Conversely, there was no statistical change in the USVs emitted by the pups of dams administered with PeBDF 35 or 175 μg/kg b.w. on GD 12.5. To examine whether maternal exposure leads to behavioral impairments in adulthood, we analyzed exploratory behaviors in a novel environment using IntelliCage, a fully automated testing apparatus for group-housed mice. Neither TeXDF nor PeBDF exposure induced significant differences in offspring exploration. Considered together, our findings revealed that TeXDF induces atypical USV emission in infant mice, suggesting the importance of further studies on the risk assessment of mixed brominated/chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiki Kimura
- Health and Environmental Risk Research Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Fukui School of Medical Sciences, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Go Suzuki
- Material Cycles Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Naoto Uramaru
- Division of Pharmaceutical Health Biosciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Masaki Kakeyama
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Maekawa
- Health and Environmental Risk Research Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
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Zhang L, Ni L, Wang H, Zhang Z, Wu Y, Jia R, He J, Zhu Z, Jin H, Ren X, Zhang D. Higher ecological risks and lower bioremediation potentials identified for emerging OPEs than legacy PCBs in the Beibu Gulf, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116244. [PMID: 37245567 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The production and use of organophosphate esters (OPEs) as substitutes for traditional halogenated flame retardants is increasing, resulting in greater global concern related to their ecological risks to marine environments. In this study, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and OPEs, representing traditional halogenated and emerging flame retardants, respectively, were studied in multiple environmental matrices in the Beibu Gulf, a typical semi-closed bay in the South China Sea. We investigated the differences in PCB and OPE distributions, sources, risks, and bioremediation potentials. Overall, the concentrations of emerging OPEs were much higher than those of PCBs in both seawater and sediment samples. Sediment samples from the inner bay and bay mouth areas (L sites) accumulated more PCBs, with penta- and hexa-CBs as major homologs. Chlorinated OPEs were prevalent in both seawater and sediment samples from the L sites, whereas tri-phenyl phosphate (TPHP) and tri-n-butyl phosphate (TNBP) were predominant at the outer bay (B sites) sediment samples. Source identification via principal component analysis, land use regression statistics, and δ13C analysis indicate that PCBs were mainly sourced from the atmospheric deposition of sugarcane and waste incineration, whereas sewage inputs, aquaculture, and shipping activity were identified as sources of OPE pollution in the Beibu Gulf. A half-year sediment anaerobic culturing experiment was performed for PCBs and OPEs, and the results only exhibited satisfactory dechlorination for PCBs. However, compared with the low ecological risks of PCBs to marine organisms, OPEs (particularly trichloroethyl phosphate (TCEP) and TPHP) exhibited low to medium threats to algae and crustaceans at most sites. Given their increasing usage, high ecological risks, and low bioremediation potential in enrichment cultures, pollution by emerging OPEs warrants close attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai, 536000, PR China
| | - Lingfang Ni
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Space Resource Management Technology, And Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, MNR, Hangzhou, 310012, PR China; Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, PR China
| | - Heng Wang
- Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, 316021, PR China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, 316021, PR China
| | - Yichun Wu
- Zhoushan Institute for Food and Drug Control, Zhoushan, 316012, PR China
| | - Renming Jia
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai, 536000, PR China
| | - Junyu He
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, PR China
| | - Zuhao Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai, 536000, PR China
| | - Haiyan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Space Resource Management Technology, And Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, MNR, Hangzhou, 310012, PR China
| | - Xing Ren
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai, 536000, PR China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai, 536000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Ocean Space Resource Management Technology, And Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, MNR, Hangzhou, 310012, PR China; Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, PR China.
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Ait Lhaj F, Elhamri H, Ait Lhaj Z, Malisch R, Kypke K, Kabriti M, El Hajjaji S, Bellaouchou A. First WHO/UNEP survey of the current concentrations of persistent organic pollutants in human milk in Morocco. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2023; 40:282-293. [PMID: 36520182 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2154852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The presence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in human milk is an indicator of the level of these substances in the environment and enables evaluation of the potential exposure of breastfed children. POPs concentrations in a Moroccan human milk pooled sample (59 donors) were determined for the first time by the WHO reference laboratory to provide a baseline and allow monitoring of the future trends for those persistent organohalogen compounds. Eighty-one different POPs, including organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) were identified and quantified by using gas chromatography (GC) with an electron capture detector (ECD) and confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/LRMS). The obtained results showed that the sum of DDT (sum of o,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDD, o,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDT, and p,p'-DDT) was 237.9 ng/g, representing 94.0% of all detected OCPs levels, with a dominance of p,p'-DDE, and p,p'-DDT. Cis-heptachlor epoxide, HCB, and HCH were found at much lower levels. PCB indicator level was 60.7 ng/g of lipid, with the dominance of PCB 138, PCB 153, and PCB 180, presenting 98.3% of the total. Among the 25 PBDE congeners quantified, BDE-47, BDE-153, BDE-197, and BDE-207 were the dominant congeners account for 15.4% of the total concentration of PBDE (1.3 pg/g lipid). The lipid-adjusted level of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs expressed in Toxic Equivalents (TEQs: 6.65 pg/g) were lower in comparison to those found in the other countries. In summary, detected POPs levels in Moroccan human milk were much lower compared to the other countries, reflecting the effectiveness of the compliance with Stockholm Convention requirements on eliminating or reducing emissions of selected POPs. Continued monitoring is needed for these compounds, for which this is the first data available, provided by the WHO/UNEP survey in Morocco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Ait Lhaj
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Center of Materials, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.,Department of Toxicology, Health Ministry, National Institute of Health, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hecham Elhamri
- Department of Toxicology, Health Ministry, National Institute of Health, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Zakaria Ait Lhaj
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Rainer Malisch
- State Institute for Chemical and Veterinary Analysis of Food (CVUA), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karin Kypke
- State Institute for Chemical and Veterinary Analysis of Food (CVUA), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mohamed Kabriti
- Laboratory of Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, University Hassan II Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Souad El Hajjaji
- Laboratory of Molecular Spectroscopy Modelling, Materials, Nanomaterials, Water and Environment, Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelkabir Bellaouchou
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Center of Materials, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
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Xu P, Zheng Y, Wang X, Shen H, Wu L, Chen Y, Xu D, Xiang J, Cheng P, Chen Z, Lou X. Breastfed infants' exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: A cross-sectional study of a municipal waste incinerator in China. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136639. [PMID: 36183877 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A municipal waste incinerator (MWI) in Zhejiang, China, operating since 2008 was completely reconstructed from 2016 to 2019. In 2013, we conducted a cross-sectional study of breastfeeding mothers living near the MWI. We evaluated the concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in the mothers' breast milk and their infants' estimated daily intake (EDI). To investigate the temporal variations of these pollutants, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 29 mothers in 2019. We assessed the levels of 18 PCB congeners, 17 PCDD/F congeners, and 21 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) congeners in breast milk and estimated the EDI. The mean total concentrations of PCDD/Fs (ΣPCDD/Fs) and PCBs (ΣPCBs) were 81.2 and 4.90 ng/g lipid, respectively, while the toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) levels of ΣPCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs (ΣDL-PCBs) were 2.7 and 1.4 pg WHO-TEQ/g lipid, respectively. Compared to our 2013 measurements, the mass concentrations of ΣPCDD/Fs and ΣPCBs decreased by 13% and 35%, respectively (3.361 vs. 2.915 pg/g wet weight [ww] and 269.1 vs. 175.0 pg/g ww, respectively). The TEQ-ΣPCDD/F levels decreased by 67% (0.241 vs. 0.080 pg/g ww), but the TEQ-ΣDL-PCB levels increased by 11% (0.046 vs. 0.051 pg WHO-TEQ/g ww). The median concentration of PFASs was 0.250 ng/mL, ranging from 0.151 to 0.833 ng/mL. The infants' mean EDI of total PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs was 17.7 pg TEQ/kg body weight [bw], representing a 20% decline compared to 2013. The average EDI levels of PFOS, PFOA, and PFNA were 5.8, 17.9, and 1.7 ng/kg bw, respectively. A comprehensive comparison of the results with studies from around the world showed that the potential health risks posed by legacy PCDD/F and PCB pollutants were not as grave for mothers and infants living near this MWI, but the emerging PFAS pollutants represented a new cause for concern. MAIN FINDINGS: The potential health risks posed by legacy PCDD/F and PCB pollutants were not particularly serious for mothers and infants living near the MWI, but the emerging PFAS pollutants raised new concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwei Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Yibin Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Lizhi Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, China.
| | - Xiaoming Lou
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Bin Sheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, China.
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Miniero R, di Domenico A, Abate V, Abballe A, Dellatte E, De Filippis S, De Luca S, Ferri F, Fulgenzi A, Iacovella N, Iamiceli A, Ingelido A, Marra V, Valentini S, De Felip E. Time trends of PCDDs, PCDFs, DL-PCBs, and NDL-PCBs in Italian women from biomonitoring studies. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136244. [PMID: 36064006 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A number of biomonitoring investigations were carried out in Italy between 2000 and 2018 by the Unit of Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals of the Italian National Institute of Health (Rome). The investigations were characterized by different features (case-control or cross-sectional studies, participants from impacted or no impacted areas, etc), but despite the differences, it was possible to study the time trends of Σ7(PCDDs), Σ10(PCDFs), Σ12(DL-PCBs), and Σ6(NDL-PCBs) (analytical and TEQ cumulative concentrations, as appropriate). All the chemicals considered showed clear rates of a time-dependent concentration decrease, data having previously been adjusted for the sampled Region and subject age. Σ7(PCDDs) exhibited the fastest decrease with an average rate of -4.44 pg/g-fat year-1 (2009-2018), whereas Σ6(NDL-PCBs) was characterized by the slowest decrease with a rate of -0.771 ng/g-fat year-1 (2000-2018). A clear distinction between the decreasing rates of Σ7(PCDDs) and Σ10(PCDFs) was observed, as the latter decreased at half the rate of the Σ7(PCDDs). The slower rate of the Σ10(PCDFs) decline may be due to an ongoing source of PCDFs in the environment beyond those traditionally considered for this group of contaminants such as the production of PCDFs due to PCBs thermal conversion from matrices contaminated with PCBs. Production of PCDFs due to thermal conversion of matrices contaminated with PCBs could be an ongoing source which may be of concern because recent data have highlighted the diffusion of PCBs in the European environment. The decreasing rates of PCDDs + PCDFs, DL-PCBs, and PCDDs + PCDFs + DL-PCBs - original analytical data converted to "dioxin equivalents" - were respectively estimated as (pgTEQ/g-fat year-1) -2.08, -2.06, and -2.10, values exhibiting good compatibility between one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Miniero
- Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandro di Domenico
- Independent Expert on Environment and Food Safety, Formerly Director of the Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy.
| | - Vittorio Abate
- Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Abballe
- Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Dellatte
- Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania De Filippis
- Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia De Luca
- Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiola Ferri
- Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Annarita Fulgenzi
- Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Iacovella
- Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalaura Iamiceli
- Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Ingelido
- Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Marra
- Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Valentini
- Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena De Felip
- Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
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Witczak A, Pohoryło A, Aftyka A, Pokorska-Niewiada K, Witczak G. Changes in Polychlorinated Biphenyl Residues in Milk during Lactation: Levels of Contamination, Influencing Factors, and Infant Risk Assessment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12717. [PMID: 36361507 PMCID: PMC9655485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the importance of breastfeeding infants, the contamination of human milk is a significant public concern. The aim of this study was to assess the contamination of human milk with dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs) and non-dioxin-like PCBs (ndl-PCBs) in relation to the duration of lactation and other influencing factors, especially the frequency of the consumption of selected foods during pregnancy. Based on this, the health risk to infants was assessed and compared to the tolerable daily intake (TDI). PCB determinations were performed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The ∑ndl-PCB content ranged from 0.008 to 0.897 ng/g w.w., at an average of 0.552 ng/g wet weight, which was 55% of the maximum level according to the EU guidelines for foods for infants and young children. The toxic equivalent (TEQ) was in the range of 0.033-5.67 pg-TEQ/g w.w. The content of non-ortho, mono-ortho, and ndl-PCBs in human milk decreased the longer lactation continued. Moreover, when pregnant women smoked tobacco, this correlated significantly with increases in the concentrations of PCB congeners 156, 118, and 189 in human milk. The human milk contents of PCB congeners 77, 81, 186, 118, and 189 were strongly positively correlated with the amount of fish consumed. The content of stable congeners PCB 135 and PCB 153 increased with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Witczak
- Department of Toxicology, Dairy Technology, and Food Storage, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Papieża Pawła VI Street 3, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Pohoryło
- Department of Toxicology, Dairy Technology, and Food Storage, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Papieża Pawła VI Street 3, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Aftyka
- Veterinary Inspection Provincial Veterinary Inspectorate in Szczecin, 71-337 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Kamila Pokorska-Niewiada
- Department of Toxicology, Dairy Technology, and Food Storage, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Papieża Pawła VI Street 3, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Witczak
- Department of Gynecology, Endocrinology and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
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Zhang S, Zhang H, Chen Y, Yang H, Qu J, Xu L, Zheng L, Xie Q, Jiang Y, Zhang J, Bi W, Zhang J, Zhao B. Application of a ready-to-use cell sensor for dioxins and dioxin-like compounds screening in foodstuffs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156227. [PMID: 35623516 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) in foodstuffs are closely related to human health. As China is the largest food-consuming country, there is a potentially large demand for screening bioassays that are rapid, cost-effective and capable of determining dioxins and DLCs in foodstuffs. CBG2.8D is a reporter gene-based recombinant cell sensor that was recently developed for determining dioxin and DLCs in ambient and seafood samples. In this study, we established a bioanalytical method with this ready-to-use cell sensor for the bioanalysis of dioxins and DLCs in different types of meat samples. Twenty-nine samples from three typical types of meat (beef, pork and fish) were collected and subjected to both instrumental analysis and a CBG2.8D bioassay. The intra- and inter-lab reproducibility of the bioassay was investigated and the coefficients of variation (CVs) were lower than 25%, suggesting that the cell sensor had a good reproducibility for the meat samples. Based on the correlation equation and coefficient obtained by comparing the data from the instrumental analysis and CBG2.8D bioassay, we found that this method had better performance with pork and fish than with beef. The compliance rate was also determined by comparing the results from the instrumental analysis and there were no false results for the pork and fish samples. Lastly, a complete operation procedure was summarized as a guideline for practical application. In conclusion, the CBG2.8D cell sensor exhibits excellent stability and is capable of screening dioxins and DLCs in meat samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyan Zhang
- Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yangsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haoyi Yang
- Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junle Qu
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qunhui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yousheng Jiang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenchuan Bi
- Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Fromme H, Fuchs V, Albrecht M, Aschenbrenner B, Röhl C, Janitzki N, Herber-Jonat S, Wöckner M, Völkel W, Flemmer AW, Schober W. Polychlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F), polybrominated dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/F), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in German breast milk samples (LUPE 8). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:154066. [PMID: 35217048 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Most organic pollutants (POP) are persistent in the environment, accumulate in fatty tissues, and so a transfer through the food chain is probably, thereby causing various health effects. We quantified PCDD/F, PBDD/F, PCB, PBDE, perfluorinated substances, and ADONA in breast milk samples collected in two German federal states and breast milk and blood samples from subjects additionally exposed to PFOA. The median (95th percentile) concentrations were 2.43 (6.58) pgWHO2005TEQ/g l.w. for PCDD/F, 2.45 (4.82) pgWHO2005TEQ/g l.w. for dioxin-like PCB (dl-PCB), and 0.62 (2.69) pgWHO2005TEQ/g l.w. for PBDD/F. The relative contributions of the median values of PCDD/F, dl-PCB, and PBDD/F to the total-TEQ were approximately 41%, 42%, and 11%, respectively. Nondioxin-like PCB (ndl-PCB) concentrations were clearly dominated by the higher chlorinated PCB congeners, with medians of 23.2 ng/g l.w. for PCB 153, 13.9 ng/g l.w. for PCB 138, and 13.0 ng/g l.w. for PCB 180. The sum of the 3 congeners (PCB 138, 153, and 180) were multiplied with 1.64 (total PCB) and showed a median of 82.16 ng/g l.w. and a 95th percentile of 173.3 ng/g l.w. Only PFOA and PFOS could be quantified in 29% and 17% of in total 180 samples with 95th percentiles of 53 ng/l and 33 ng/l, respectively. Milk samples (n = 13) from subjects living on PFOA contaminated sites showed higher levels between 33 and 854 ng/l PFOA (mean: 199 ng/l), whilst PFOS could be quantified only in three samples. The sum of 17 PBDE congeners showed medians (95th percentile) of 1737 pg/g l.w. (22,806 pg/g l.w.), with the highest medians of 422 pg/g l.w. for BDE 209 and 378 pg/g l.w. for BDE 153. Overall, our study confirms the declining contamination level in breast milk during the last decade, but points out the need to further reduce the environmental contamination with persistent substances and subsequently the exposure in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Fromme
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Ziemssenstrasse 1, D-80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Veronika Fuchs
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Department of Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Pfarrstrasse 3, D-80538 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Albrecht
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Department of Dioxins, Irradiation, Nitrosamines, Radioactivity, Veterinaerstrasse 2, D-85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Bettina Aschenbrenner
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Department of Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Pfarrstrasse 3, D-80538 Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Röhl
- Schleswig-Holstein State Agency for Social Services, Department of Environmental Health Protection, Gartenstrasse 24, D-24534 Neumünster, Germany
| | - Nora Janitzki
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Department of Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Pfarrstrasse 3, D-80538 Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Herber-Jonat
- Division of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital, Dr. V. Hauner and Perinatal Center, LMU Hospital, Marchioninistrasse 15, Munich D-81377, Germany
| | - Mandy Wöckner
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Department of Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Pfarrstrasse 3, D-80538 Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Völkel
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Department of Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Pfarrstrasse 3, D-80538 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas W Flemmer
- Division of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital, Dr. V. Hauner and Perinatal Center, LMU Hospital, Marchioninistrasse 15, Munich D-81377, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schober
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Department of Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Pfarrstrasse 3, D-80538 Munich, Germany
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Kimura E, Suzuki G, Uramaru N, Kakeyama M, Maekawa F. Liver-specific decrease in Tff3 gene expression in infant mice perinatally exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzofuran or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:305-317. [PMID: 34254344 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/DFs) are byproducts of brominated flame retardants and can cause adverse health effects. Although exposure to polychlorinated (PC) DD/DFs induces toxic effects, including liver injury and neurobehavioral disorder, little is known about toxicities associated with PBDD/DF exposure. Thus, we examined effects of perinatal exposure to brominated congener on the infant mouse. Gene expression in several organs, such as the liver and brain, was analyzed in mouse offspring born to dams administered 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzofuran (TBDF; 9 or 45 μg/kg body weight) or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD; 3 μg/kg body weight) on gestational day 12.5. An increase in liver size was observed in TBDF- or TCDD-exposed offspring in infancy. Gene microarray analysis revealed that 163 and 36 genes were markedly upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in the liver of TBDF-exposed mice compared with those in vehicle-treated mice on postnatal day (PND) 5. Significant increases in Cyp1a1, Cyp1a2, Fmo3, and Pnliprp1 and decreases in Tff3, Ocstamp, Kcnk16, and Lgals2 mRNA levels in TBDF-exposed offspring on PNDs 5 and 12 were confirmed by quantitative PCR. In particular, a significant reduction in Tff3 mRNA in the liver, but not in the brain, small intestine, colon, and kidney, was observed in offspring perinatally exposed to TBDF or TCDD. Ultrasonic calls of TBDF- or TCDD-exposed offspring on PNDs 3-5 were impaired. Taken together, perinatal exposure to polyhalogenated dioxin/furan congeners disrupts gene expression patterns in the liver and ultrasonic calling during infancy. These results suggest that liver injury may contribute to neurobehavioral disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiki Kimura
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Go Suzuki
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Naoto Uramaru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaki Kakeyama
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Maekawa
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
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11
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Runkel AA, Križanec B, Lipičar E, Baskar M, Hrženjak V, Kodba ZC, Kononenko L, Kanduč T, Mazej D, Tratnik JS, Horvat M. Organohalogens: A persisting burden in Slovenia? ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 198:111224. [PMID: 33933496 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) represent a concern for the environment and human health due to their persistence and toxicity. Exposure in Slovenia is geographically differentiated because the country, as part of former Yugoslavia, has a history of industry and regional contamination and is - at the same time - known for its clean nature. The PCB pollution of the Krupa River drew the public's attention to the chemical burden of Slovenians, and the demand for studies has been rising since. We assessed the exposure of men (n = 548) and primiparous women (n = 536) to POPs in 12 regions of Slovenia as well as exposure pathways via questionnaires. Most PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and PBDEs could be determined in pooled samples of maternal milk at low concentrations (1.57 pg/gTEQ, 1.47 pg/gTEQ, and 1076 pg/g fat, respectively), but a much lower number of compounds could be measured above the LOQ in pooled men's plasma samples (PCDD/Fs 0.08 pg/gTEQ, PCBs 0.007 pg/gTEQ, ΣPBDE 920 pg/g), and only HCB, p,p'-DDE, ΣDDT, and the non-dioxin-like PCB congeners 138, 153, and 180 could be determined in individual samples of milk (concentration range 5-60 ng/g fat). In individual samples of men's serum, only p,p'-DDE and ΣPCB were detected at concentrations of 0.25 ng/g and 0.3 ng/g, respectively. Nonetheless, we were able to differentiate between polluted and unpolluted areas on a national level, with higher exposure levels in the PCB polluted region of Bela Krajina, the industrial region Zasavje, and the capital, Ljubljana. Despite low concentrations, determinants of exposure, such as age, proximity to roads, old building materials, private water supplies, and consumption of alcohol, fish, meat, and eggs that have previously been observed only at higher levels could still be identified. Furthermore, levels of PCBs and PBDEs were highly correlated suggesting common exposure sources and pathways, whereas PCDD/Fs were correlated to a lesser extent. The calculated ratio between DDT and DDE in maternal milk samples was decreasing with the year of sampling, suggesting no ongoing exposure to DDT. The study findings suggest low exposure of men and lactating women to legacy pollutants in Slovenia, which gave rise to the hypothesis that Slovenia's geographical location might provide shelter from the long-range transport of POPs via Westerly winds. This hypothesis remains to be confirmed within future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agneta A Runkel
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boštjan Križanec
- National Laboratory of Health, Environment, and Food, Prvomajska Ulica 1, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Eva Lipičar
- National Laboratory of Health, Environment, and Food, Prvomajska Ulica 1, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Baskar
- National Laboratory of Health, Environment, and Food, Prvomajska Ulica 1, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Vesna Hrženjak
- National Laboratory of Health, Environment, and Food, Prvomajska Ulica 1, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Zdenka Cencič Kodba
- National Laboratory of Health, Environment, and Food, Prvomajska Ulica 1, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Lijana Kononenko
- Ministry of Health, Chemical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, Ajdovščina 4, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tjaša Kanduč
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darja Mazej
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Milena Horvat
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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12
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Foerster C, Zúñiga-Venegas L, Enríquez P, Rojas J, Zamora C, Muñoz X, Pancetti F, Muñoz-Quezada MT, Lucero B, Saracini C, Salas C, Cortés S. Levels of Polychlorinated Dibenzo- p-Dioxins/Furans (PCDD/Fs) and Dioxin-Like Polychlorinated Biphenyls (DL-PCBs) in Human Breast Milk in Chile: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4825. [PMID: 33946521 PMCID: PMC8125136 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic compounds that resist biochemical degradation, moving long distances across the atmosphere before deposition occurs. Our goal was to provide up-to-date data on the levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) in breast milk from Chilean women and to estimate the exposure of infants due to breast milk consumption. In Chile, we conducted a cross-sectional study based on methodologies proposed by the WHO, with a sample of 30 women recruited from three defined areas: 10 from the Arica Region (urban; Arica and Parinacota Region), 10 from Coltauco (rural; O'Higgins Region), and 10 from Molina (40% rural; Maule Region). High-resolution gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) was performed on pooled samples from each area. We calculated equivalent toxic concentrations (WHO-TEQ) based on the current WHO Toxic Equivalency Factors (TEF). The minimum and maximum values of ∑ PCDDs/Fs + DL-PCBs-TEQ were 4.317 pg TEQ/g fat in Coltauco and 6.31 pg TEQ/g fat in Arica. Molina had a total TEQ of 5.50 pg TEQ/g fat. The contribution of PCDD/Fs was approximately five-fold higher than that of DL-PCBs. The Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) of ∑ PCDDs/Fs + DL-PCBs based on the three pooled samples ranged between 6.71 and 26.28 pg TEQ/kg body weight (bw)/day, with a mean intake of 16.11 (±6.71) pg TEQ/kg bw/day in breastfed children from 0 to 24 months old. These levels were lower than those reported in international studies. Despite the fact that the observed levels were low compared to those in most industrialized countries, the detection of a variety of POPs in breast milk from Chilean women indicates the need for follow-up studies to determine whether such exposures during childhood could represent a health risk in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Foerster
- Instituto de Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Animales y Ambientales (ICA3), Universidad de O’Higgins, Campus Colchagua, Ruta 90, KM 3, San Fernando 3070000, Chile;
| | - Liliana Zúñiga-Venegas
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Departamento de Preclínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile;
- Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Pedro Enríquez
- Laboratorio Química e Inocuidad Alimentaria, Servicio Agrícola Ganadero, Ruta 68 N° 19100, Pudahuel 9020000, Chile; (P.E.); (J.R.); (C.Z.)
| | - Jacqueline Rojas
- Laboratorio Química e Inocuidad Alimentaria, Servicio Agrícola Ganadero, Ruta 68 N° 19100, Pudahuel 9020000, Chile; (P.E.); (J.R.); (C.Z.)
| | - Claudia Zamora
- Laboratorio Química e Inocuidad Alimentaria, Servicio Agrícola Ganadero, Ruta 68 N° 19100, Pudahuel 9020000, Chile; (P.E.); (J.R.); (C.Z.)
| | - Ximena Muñoz
- Secretaria Regional de Salud Arica-Parinacota, Maipú 410, Arica 1000000, Chile;
| | - Floria Pancetti
- Laboratorio de Neurotoxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo N° 1281, Coquimbo 1780000, Chile;
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Algas y Otros Recursos Biológicos, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo 1780000, Chile
| | - María Teresa Muñoz-Quezada
- Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile; (M.T.M.-Q.); (B.L.)
| | - Boris Lucero
- Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile; (M.T.M.-Q.); (B.L.)
| | - Chiara Saracini
- Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile;
- Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile; (M.T.M.-Q.); (B.L.)
| | - Claudio Salas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA Intihuasi, Colina San Joaquín S/N, La Serena 1700000, Chile;
| | - Sandra Cortés
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS), Santiago 8320000, Chile
- Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (CEDEUS), Santiago 8320000, Chile
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13
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My TTA, Dat ND, Van Langenhove K, Denison MS, Long HT, Elskens M. Evaluation of the dioxin-like toxicity in soil samples from Thua Thien Hue province using the AhR-CALUX bioassay - An update of Agent Orange contamination in Vietnam. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 212:111971. [PMID: 33513480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an AhR-responsive reporter-gene cell-based bioassay CALUX was used to assess the biological potency of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs) in top soil samples collected from a former airbase (A-So) and remote regions from urban and agricultural areas in Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam. In top soil collected from A-So airbase, Bioanalytical EQuivalent (BEQ) concentrations of up to 2700 pg 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) per g dry weight (pg BEQ-TCDD g-1 dw) were assessed. Interestingly, while BEQ values for dl-PCBs were found to be up to 13 pg BEQ-TCDD g-1 dw, the dl-PCB activity was not detected in all the hotspot sample extracts. In contrasts, BEQ values for dioxin like compounds from remote regions were much lower and occasionally below the quantification limits of the method. The BEQ activities obtained in this study have a similar trend to the WHO-TEQ results for the samples collected in the A-So airbase. However, BEQ values were higher than those of TEQ, probably reflecting the presence of additional AhR ligands and/or possible non-additive interactions in the sample mixture. This study confirms that after more than 60 years, a strong residual pollution of PCDD/Fs remains on this former air base following the use and storage of Agent Orange during the Vietnam War, raising a health risk for populations exposed in this area because livestock animals graze there.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Thi Ai My
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry laboratory (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (University of Brussels), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Chemistry, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue 530000, Vietnam.
| | - Nguyen Duy Dat
- Faculty of Chemical & Food Technology, University of Technology and Education, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam
| | - Kersten Van Langenhove
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry laboratory (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (University of Brussels), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michael S Denison
- University of California, Davis (UC Davis), Department of Environmental Toxicology, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hoang Thai Long
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Marc Elskens
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry laboratory (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (University of Brussels), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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14
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Fernandes AR, Falandysz J. Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PBDD/Fs): Contamination in food, humans and dietary exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 761:143191. [PMID: 33160676 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) have been recognised as environmental pollutants for decades but their occurrence in food has only recently been reported. They elicit the same type of toxic response as analogous polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) with similar potencies and effects, and share similar origins - inadvertent production during combustion and occurrence as by-products in industrial chemicals. Surprisingly, PBDD/Fs have received considerably less attention than PCDD/Fs, perhaps because determination requires a higher degree of analytical competence, a result of the higher adsorptivity and lability associated with carbon-bromine bonding. For most populations, the principal exposure pathway is dietary intake. The PBDD/F toxicity arising from occurrence in foods has often been expressed as toxic equivalents (TEQs) using the same scheme developed for PCDD/Fs. This approach is convenient, but resulting TEQ estimates are more uncertain, given the known differences in response for some analogous congeners and also the different patterns of PBDD/F occurrence confirmed by the newer data. Further studies to consolidate potency factors would help to refine TEQ estimates. Characteristically, most foods and human tissues show more frequent and higher PBDF concentrations relative to PBDDs, reflecting major source patterns. Occurrence in food ranges from <0.01 to several thousand pg/g (or up to 0.3 pg TEQ/g whole weight) which is comparable to PCDD/F occurrence (ΣPBDD/F TEQs are underestimated as not all relevant congeners are included). Plant based foods show higher PBDD/F: PCDD/F TEQ ratios. Reported PBDD/F dietary intakes suggest that some population groups, particularly young children, may exceed the revised tolerable weekly intake for dioxin-like contaminants (2 pg TEQ/kg bw/week), even for mean consumption estimated with lower bound data. It is evident that the omission of PBDD/Fs from the TEQ scheme results in a significant underestimation of the cumulative toxicity and associated risk arising from this mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alwyn R Fernandes
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- University of Gdańsk, Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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15
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Lin Y, Le S, Feng C, Qiu X, Xu Q, Jin S, Zhang H, Jin Y, Wen Y, Xu H, Liu P, Rao Q, She J, Lu D. Exposure and health risk assessment of secondary contaminants closely related to brominated flame retardants (BFRs): Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) in human milk in shanghai. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115121. [PMID: 33139099 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs), as the secondary environmental pollutants of the widely used brominated flame retardants (BFRs), possess the similar physicochemical and toxic properties as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). However, studies on human body exposure to them are extremely limited. In this study, forty human milk samples collected in Shanghai were measured for 13 PBDD/F congeners using gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS), to investigate their exposure level and characteristics, potential source and corresponding health risks to breastfed infants. The results showed no PBDDs but three PBDF congeners including 2,3,7,8-TBDF, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpBDF and OBDF (mean concentration (detection rates) are 3.2 pg/g (72.5%), 9.5 pg/g (100%) and 28 pg/g (67.5%), respectively) were detected. The average toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ, 0.42 pg/g lw) presented the highest concentration level compared to other regions reported. The contribution of PBDFs to the total TEQ of PBDD/Fs and PCDD/Fs is 6.8%. The correlation between PBDD/Fs and age or dietary habits was not observed, which normally existed in their chlorinated analogues-PCDD/Fs. Significant correlations were observed between PBDFs and highly brominated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) (especially for BDE 183 and BDE 209). The correlation between PCDD/Fs and PBDFs was not observed except 2,3,7,8-TBDF. The high PBDFs exposure in Shanghai may originate from the emission of PBDEs and/or non-PBDE BFRs in environment, according to the consistency of the environmental data previously reported. The average estimated dietary intakes (EDI) for breastfed infants is 2.0 pg TEQ/kg·bw/day (0.13-13 pg TEQ/kg·bw/day), within the range of the tolerable daily intake (TDI) for TCDD (1-4 pg TEQ/kg·bw/day) suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, given the high toxicity of PBDD/Fs, the potential health risks of these pollutants for breastfed infants should be of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjie Lin
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Sunyang Le
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Xinlei Qiu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Shuping Jin
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Yu'e Jin
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Yimin Wen
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Shanghai Hongqiao Street Community Health Service Center, No.4 Lane 961 Hongqiao Road, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Peipei Liu
- Shanghai Jiangzhen Community Health Service Center, 762 Dongting Road, Shanghai, 201202, China
| | - Qinxiong Rao
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Jianwen She
- Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, United States
| | - Dasheng Lu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
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Bruce-Vanderpuije P, Megson D, Jones GR, Jobst K, Reiner E, Clarke E, Adu-Kumi S, Gardella JA. Infant dietary exposure to dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dlPCBs), polybrominated and mixed halogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PBDD/Fs and PXDD/Fs) in milk samples of lactating mothers in Accra, Ghana. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128156. [PMID: 33297135 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, polybrominated and mixed halogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PBDD/Fs and PXDD/Fs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dlPCBs) were quantified in 24 human milk samples of first-time lactating mothers from Greater Accra region in Ghana. The aims of the study were to determine the concentrations and toxic equivalent concentrations of PBDD/F, PXDD/F and dlPCBs in human milk, and to estimate an infant's daily intake. The samples were analysed for 12 dioxin-like PCBs, 7 congeners of 2,3,7,8-polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PBDD/Fs), and 7 congeners of 2,3,7,8-mixed halogenated dioxins and furans (PXDD/Fs, where X = Br/Cl). The mean concentrations in human milk ranged from 0.15 to 212.9 pg/g lipid for dlPCB congeners (mean TEQ: 1.67 pg WHO2005-TEQ/g lipid). Lesser concentrations for 2,3,7,8-PXDD/Fs (and PBDD/Fs congeners) ranged between <0.01-1.67 pg/g lipid, with a total mean tentative TEQ of 0.56 pg WHO2005-TEQ/g lipid. For an infant of average weight 7 kg, consuming an estimated volume of 600 mL human milk, the estimated average daily intake of dlPCBs in 21 human milk samples was 4.95 pg TEQ/kg bw/day; contributions from dlPCBs, PXDD/Fs and PBDD/Fs resulted in an average estimated daily intake of 6.56 pg TEQ/kg bw/day. The results obtained in this study, although lower than infant dietary intake estimates in human milk from industrialized countries, exceeded the recommended safety standards of 1 pg TEQ/kg bw/day and 1-4 pg TEQ/kg bw/day from the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and the World Health Organization (WHO), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pennante Bruce-Vanderpuije
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA; CSIR Water Research Institute, P. O. Box AH 38, Achimota, Accra, Ghana
| | - David Megson
- School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK; Chemistry Matters Inc., Suite 405, 104-1240 Kensington Road NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 3P7, Canada
| | | | - Karl Jobst
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Laboratory Services Branch, Toronto, ON, M9P 3V6, Canada
| | - Eric Reiner
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Laboratory Services Branch, Toronto, ON, M9P 3V6, Canada
| | - Edith Clarke
- Occupational and Environmental Health Unit, Ministry of Health/Ghana Health Service, Ghana
| | - Sam Adu-Kumi
- Environmental Protection Agency, P. O. Box MB 326, Ministries Post Office, Accra, Ghana
| | - Joseph A Gardella
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA.
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17
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Hernández CS, Pardo O, Corpas-Burgos F, Fernández SF, López A, Coscollà C, Vento M, Yusà V. Biomonitoring of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) in human milk: Exposure and risk assessment for lactating mothers and breastfed children from Spain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 744:140710. [PMID: 32712415 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of the present research was to evaluate the levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) in the human milk of Spanish lactating women who participated in the BETTERMILK project so that exposure and risk could be assessed for these mothers and their breastfed children. The total ∑PCDD/Fs + dl-PCBs TEQ2005 concentrations in the upper-bound (UB) ranged from 1.29 to 13.48 pgTEQ2005 g-1 lipid. The estimated geometric mean level for the sum of PCDD/F and dl-PCBs was 4.10 and 4.42 pgTEQ2005 g-1 lipid, lower-bound (LB) and UB respectively and were below the reference level reported by EFSA, which is associated with adverse effects in boys of 9 years and related to lactating mothers' exposure values of the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of around 2 pgTEQ2005 kg-1 bw per week. Nevertheless, it was exceeded when the 95th percentile (8.31 pgTEQ2005 g-1 lipid, as UB) was considered. Results from a multiple regression analysis showed that age has a significant impact on milk ∑PCDD/Fs + dl-PCBs levels, with higher concentrations observed in the milk from older mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina S Hernández
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencia Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Av. Catalunya, 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Doctor Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Olga Pardo
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencia Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Av. Catalunya, 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Doctor Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, University of Valencia, Doctor Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Francisca Corpas-Burgos
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencia Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Av. Catalunya, 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra F Fernández
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencia Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Av. Catalunya, 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Doctor Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Antonio López
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencia Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Av. Catalunya, 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Coscollà
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencia Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Av. Catalunya, 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Máximo Vento
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Av. Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicent Yusà
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencia Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Av. Catalunya, 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain; Public Health Laboratory of Valencia, Av. Catalunya, 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
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18
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Budin C, Petrlik J, Strakova J, Hamm S, Beeler B, Behnisch P, Besselink H, van der Burg B, Brouwer A. Detection of high PBDD/Fs levels and dioxin-like activity in toys using a combination of GC-HRMS, rat-based and human-based DR CALUX® reporter gene assays. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 251:126579. [PMID: 32443226 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Brominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) are increasingly reported at significant levels in various matrices, including consumer goods that are manufactured from plastics containing certain brominated flame retardants. PBDD/Fs are known ligands for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) but are not yet considered in the hazard assessment of dioxin mixtures. The aim of the present study was to determine if PBDD/Fs levels present in plastic constituents of toys could pose a threat to children's health. PBDD/Fs, unlike their chlorinated counterparts (PCDD/Fs), have not been officially assigned toxic equivalence factors (TEFs) by the WHO therefore, we determined their relative potency towards AhR activation in both human and rodent cell-based DR CALUX® bioassays. This allowed us to compare GC-HRMS PBDD/F congener levels, converted to total Toxic Equivalents (TEQ) by using the PCDD/F TEFs, to CALUX Bioanalytical Equivalents (BEQ) levels present in contaminated plastic constituents from children's toys. Finally, an estimate was made of the daily ingestion of TEQs from PBDD/Fs-contaminated plastic toys by child mouthing habits. It is observed that the daily ingestion of PBDD/Fs from contaminated plastic toys may significantly contribute to the total dioxin daily intake of young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Budin
- VU Amsterdam, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Ecology, De Boelelaan, 1080HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Jindrich Petrlik
- Arnika - Toxics and Waste Programme, Delnicka 13, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jitka Strakova
- Arnika - Toxics and Waste Programme, Delnicka 13, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Stephan Hamm
- Mas |münsteranalytical solutions gmbh, Wilhelm-Schickard-Strasse 5, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | | | - Peter Behnisch
- BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Harrie Besselink
- BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Bart van der Burg
- BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Abraham Brouwer
- VU Amsterdam, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Ecology, De Boelelaan, 1080HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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19
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Zhou Y, Liu J. Emissions, environmental levels, sources, formation pathways, and analysis of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:33082-33102. [PMID: 30269281 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3307-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) were labeled potential persistent organic pollutants by the Stockholm Convention and have structures and toxicities similar to those of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), which has caused considerable concern. This article reviews the current available literature on the status, sources, formation pathways, and analysis of PBDD/Fs. PBDD/Fs are widely generated in industrial thermal processes, such as those for brominated flame retardant (BFR) products, e-waste dismantling, metal smelting processes, and waste incineration. PBDD/Fs can form via the following routes: precursor formation, de novo formation, biosynthesis, and natural formation. The levels of PBDD/Fs in the environment and in organisms and humans have increased due to extensive consumption and the increasing inventory of BFRs; thus, the risk of human exposure to PBDD/Fs is expected to be high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiao Zhou
- Zhejiang University of Technology, No.18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Zhejiang University of Technology, No.18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, China.
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20
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Chen MW, Castillo BAA, Lin DY, Chao HR, Tayo LL, Gou YY, Chen FA, Huang KL. Levels of PCDD/Fs, PBDEs, and PBDD/Fs in Breast Milk from Southern Taiwan. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 100:369-375. [PMID: 29368304 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2278-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the congener-specific concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs), polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PBDD/Fs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in 25 breast milk samples from southern Taiwan. Most investigated congeners in Taiwanese breast milk are detectable except for PBDD/Fs. The geometric means of PCDD/Fs and PBDEs in the breast milk are 2.44 pg WHO2005-TEQ/g lipid and 2810 pg/g lipid. Several PCDD/F and PBDE congeners were highly correlated to each other like 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD and 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF (r = 0.919, p < 0.001). The longest duration of menstruation could be predicted by BDE-153 (β = 0.252) and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF (β = 0.345) with adjustment of confounders using a multiple stepwise linear regression model (r = 0.963, p < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Men-Wen Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, 912, Pingtung County, Taiwan
| | - Bryan Angelo A Castillo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry, Biological Engineering and Material Science and Engineering, Mapúa Institute of Technology, Muralla St., Intramuros, Manila, 1002, Philippines
| | - Din-Yan Lin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, 912, Pingtung County, Taiwan
| | - How-Ran Chao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, 912, Pingtung County, Taiwan.
| | - Lemmuel L Tayo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry, Biological Engineering and Material Science and Engineering, Mapúa Institute of Technology, Muralla St., Intramuros, Manila, 1002, Philippines
| | - Yan-You Gou
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, 912, Pingtung County, Taiwan
| | - Fu-An Chen
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, Tajen University, Yanpu Township, 90741, Pingtung, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Lin Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, 912, Pingtung County, Taiwan.
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21
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Quijano L, Marín S, Millan E, Yusà V, Font G, Pardo O. Dietary exposure and risk assessment of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls of the population in the Region of Valencia (Spain). Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2018; 35:740-749. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1414960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leyre Quijano
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Marín
- Food Safety Research Area, Center for Public Health Research (CSISP), Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Vicent Yusà
- Food Safety Research Area, Center for Public Health Research (CSISP), Valencia, Spain
- Public Health Laboratory of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Analytical Chemistry Department, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Guillermina Font
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Olga Pardo
- Food Safety Research Area, Center for Public Health Research (CSISP), Valencia, Spain
- Public Health Laboratory of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Analytical Chemistry Department, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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22
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A rapid and reagent-free bioassay for the detection of dioxin-like compounds and other aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists using autobioluminescent yeast. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:1247-1256. [PMID: 29214529 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0780-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
An autonomously bioluminescent Saccharomyces cerevisiae BLYAhS bioreporter was developed in this study for the simple and rapid detection of dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists. This recombinant yeast reporter was based on a synthetic bacterial luciferase reporter gene cassette (lux) that can produce the luciferase as well as the enzymes capable of self-synthesizing the requisite substrates for bioluminescent production from endogenous cellular metabolites. As a result, bioluminescent signal production is generated continuously and autonomously without cell lysis or exogenous reagent addition. By linking the expression of the autobioluminescent lux reporter cassette to AhR activation via the use of a dioxin-responsive promoter, the S. cerevisiae BLYAhS bioreporter emitted a bioluminescent signal in response to DLC exposure in a dose-responsive manner. The model dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), could be detected within 4 h with a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of ~ 8.1 nM and a lower detection limit of 500 pM. The autobioluminescent response of BLYAhS to other AhR agonists, including 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF), polychlorinated bisphenyl congener 126 (PCB-126) and 169 (PCB-169), 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (HxCDD), 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (HpCDD), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), and β-naphthoflavone (bNF), were also characterized in this study. The non-destructive and reagent-free nature of the BLYAhS reporter assay facilitated near-continuous, automated signal acquisition without additional hands-on effort and cost, providing a simple and cost-effective method for rapid DLC detection.
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Khedidji S, Croes K, Yassaa N, Ladji R, Denison MS, Baeyens W, Elskens M. Assessment of dioxin-like activity in PM 10 air samples from an industrial location in Algeria, using the DRE-CALUX bioassay. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:11868-11877. [PMID: 26611627 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5841-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
When compared to the European guidelines, PM10 (particulate matter up to 10-μm size) concentrations in Algeria are often exceeding the maximum limits, and in general, no information exists on the compounds bound on its surface. The objective of this study was to measure the dioxin-like activity of polychlorinated dibenzodioxines and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the PM10 fraction at the Sour El Ghozlane cement plant in Algeria. PM10 samples (n = 23) were taken between 24 March and 15 April 2013, using a medium volume sampler and 47-mm PTFE filters. The 24-h samples were dried to determine the PM10 content and afterward extracted, cleaned up, and analyzed with the dioxin-responsive element-chemical-activated luciferase gene expression (DRE-CALUX) bioassay. Our results showed that the measured bioanalytical equivalents (BEQs) were similar to those in other international industrial sites worldwide. The PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs) were positively correlated (rho = 0.6, p = 0.002), indicating that they have similar sources. Furthermore, samples from March showed higher PCDD/F and dl-PCB BEQs and humidity but lower temperatures compared to samples from April, while there was no difference in the PM10 concentrations between the two months. These results reveal that PM10 alone is not a good proxy and that meteorological conditions are an important factor in assessing dioxin-like pollution in the atmosphere. It seems that, at present, there is no health hazard through direct airborne human exposure to dioxin-like pollutants in PM10 from this site. However, it is important to monitor these POPs for a longer period of time and also to gain more insight in their distribution between the particulate and gas phase in relation to meteorological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidali Khedidji
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), BP 32 El-Alia Bab-Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akli Mohand Oulhadj, Bouira, 10000, Algeria
| | - Kim Croes
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Noureddine Yassaa
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), BP 32 El-Alia Bab-Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
- Centre de Dévelopement des Energies Renouvelable (CDER), EPST, BP 62, Route de l'Observatoire, Bouzaréah, Algeria
| | - Riad Ladji
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), BP 32 El-Alia Bab-Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
- Research Unit on Analysis and Technological Development in Environment - Scientific and Technical Research Center in Physico-Chemical Analysis (CRAPC), Tipaza, Algeria
| | - Michael S Denison
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Willy Baeyens
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Elskens
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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Sun J, Hu J, Zhu G, Zhang D, Zhu Y, Chen Z, Li J, Zhang H, Tang J, Nie J, Zhang S. PCDD/Fs distribution characteristics and health risk assessment in fly ash discharged from MSWIs in China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 139:83-88. [PMID: 28113115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study provided distribution and health risk information of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in fly ash from 4 municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) in four seasons from four sites, including Zhengzhou City in Henan Province, Chuzhou City in Anhui Province, Jilin City in Jilin Province and Zibo City in Shandong Province. The toxic equivalent concentration (I-TEQ) values of PCDD/Fs ranged from 0.0707 to 0.7742ng I-TEQ/g, and no identical sequence occurred during four seasons in different sampling sites. The stabilization process might efficiently reduce the content and toxicology of PCDD/Fs in fly ash. The value of PCDD/PCDF in fly ash ranged from 0.145 to 0.787 after solidification. The characteristic index (DCI) of 2,3,4,7,8-P5CDF was 0.803 with 6.6% under 95% probability for fly ash samples discharged from MSWIs. The 95th percentile carcinogenic risks (CRs) for onsite workers were lower than the threshold value (10-5), suggesting that the cancer risk levels of PCDD/Fs in fly ash for onsite workers were acceptable. The 95th percentile non-carcinogenic risks (non-CRs) for onsite workers were lower than 1, suggesting no obvious non-carcinogenic effect was developed for onsite workers. This paper provide an overview information on the distribution of PCDD/Fs in fly ash during four seasons, and it could be used as an important fingerprint to distinguish the fly ash sources. Thus, the research could provide basic information for fly ash management in environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- Jiangsu Levei Testing Company Limited, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Juan Hu
- Jiangsu Levei Testing Company Limited, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Gengzheng Zhu
- Jiangsu Levei Testing Company Limited, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Dadang Zhang
- Jiangsu Levei Testing Company Limited, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Yuyi Zhu
- Jiangsu Levei Testing Company Limited, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Zhihai Chen
- Jiangsu Levei Testing Company Limited, Wuxi 214000, China.
| | - Jiafu Li
- Jiangsu Levei Testing Company Limited, Wuxi 214000, China.
| | - Hongjian Zhang
- Jiangsu Levei Testing Company Limited, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Jinshun Tang
- Jiangsu Levei Testing Company Limited, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Jihua Nie
- School of Public Health Medical College of Soochow university, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- School of Public Health Medical College of Soochow university, Suzhou 215000, China
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25
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Wasser J, Berman T, Lerner-Geva L, Grotto I, Rubin L. Biological monitoring of Persistent Organic Pollutants in human milk in Israel. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 137:185-191. [PMID: 26246042 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) aims to eliminate or restrict the production and use of POPs around the globe. The Ministry of Health, collaborating with the Ministry of Environmental Protection, measured the exposure of the population to POPs as part of the WHO-coordinated exposure study. Human milk, with a relatively high fat content is a preferred matrix for the monitoring of exposure. METHODS Donors of breast milk were recruited from three hospitals after signing informed consent forms. Breast milk was collected from 52 primipara women, aged 23-35, living in Israel for the last 10 years who gave birth to singleton full term healthy infants. Samples, collected at 3-17 weeks postpartum, were stored at -20 °C until sent to the WHO Reference Laboratory, State Laboratory for Chemical and Veterinary Analysis of Food (CVUA), in Frieburg, Germany for a single pooled analysis. Mothers were provided with the pooled analysis results. RESULTS Out of over 50 Persistent Organic Pollutants listed in the analysis, 16, including aldrin, endrin, parlar and mirex were not found at detectable levels in the Israeli pooled sample. For the indicator compounds found at detectable levels, most were lower than those reported in European countries. DISCUSSION Since 1982, levels of POPs contamination as measured in breast milk have declined significantly. This is likely due to restrictions on agricultural, industrial, and other uses of many POPs in Israel. Ongoing biomonitoring in Israel and inter-ministerial collaboration supports the elimination of POPs in the environment and human milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice Wasser
- Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Israel, 39 Yirmiyahu St., P.O. Box 1176, Jerusalem 9101002, Israel.
| | - Tamar Berman
- Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Israel, 39 Yirmiyahu St., P.O. Box 1176, Jerusalem 9101002, Israel.
| | - Liat Lerner-Geva
- Women and Children's Health Research Unit, Gertner Institute for Epidemiology & Health Policy Research (Ltd), Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel; School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | - Itamar Grotto
- Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Israel, 39 Yirmiyahu St., P.O. Box 1176, Jerusalem 9101002, Israel.
| | - Lisa Rubin
- Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Israel, 39 Yirmiyahu St., P.O. Box 1176, Jerusalem 9101002, Israel; School of Public Health, Haifa University, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel.
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Deng YY, Jia LJ, Zhang K, Yin HW. Combinatorial biochemical and chemical analyses of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in agricultural soils from Chongming Island, Shanghai, China. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 94:183-187. [PMID: 25564003 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-015-1456-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We compared polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) concentrations [expressed as toxic equivalent quantities (TEQs)] in agricultural soil samples from Chongming Island (Shanghai, China) determined using two analytical approaches, an enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA) method and a high resolution gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) method. The PCDD/F concentrations in all 31 soil samples were at background levels (7.30-16.7 pg EIA-TEQ/g from the EIA analysis and 0.526-1.99 pg WHO-TEQ/g from the HRGC/HRMS analysis). Although, the EIA method overestimated the PCDD/F concentrations compared with the concentrations determined using the HRGC/HRMS method. The absence of false-negatives showed by the EIA analysis verified that this method is useful for preliminary sample screening (prior to HRGC/HRMS analysis) and the preliminary characterization of potentially contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Deng
- Bioassay and Safety Assessment Laboratory, Shanghai Academy of Public Measurement, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China,
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Croes K, Den Hond E, Bruckers L, Loots I, Morrens B, Nelen V, Colles A, Schoeters G, Sioen I, Covaci A, Vandermarken T, Van Larebeke N, Baeyens W. Monitoring chlorinated persistent organic pollutants in adolescents in Flanders (Belgium): concentrations, trends and dose-effect relationships (FLEHS II). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 71:20-28. [PMID: 24950161 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2007, the second cycle of the Flemish human biomonitoring survey started, with a main focus on 14-15 year-old adolescents. OBJECTIVES The main objectives were generating reference values for exposure markers, determining the pollution pressure in industrial hotspots and establishing dose-effect relationships between exposure to pollutants and hormone levels, sexual development, asthma and allergy, genotoxic and hematological markers. METHODS Geometric means with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for a reference population of 200 14-15 year-old adolescents. Stepwise multiple regression analyses with correction for confounders and covariates were performed to establish dose-effect relationships. RESULTS Geometric mean concentrations (with 95% CI) of 49.6 (45.7, 53.8), 70.8 (63.6, 78.8) and 8.34 (7.76, 8.97) n gg(-1) lipid for the sum of PCB 138, 153 and 180, p,p'-DDE and HCB were respectively 23%, 26% and 60% lower than those obtained five years earlier. Geometric mean concentrations of 108 (101, 114) and 32.1 (30.1, 34.2) pgCALUX-BEQg(-1) lipid were observed for the PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs, respectively. Multiple dose-effect relationships were observed between POPs and several effect markers, including positive (boys) and negative (girls) associations with data on sexual development and positive associations with asthma, animal allergy and free thyroxine (boys and girls). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that chlorinated POP concentrations are decreasing over time and that even relatively low concentrations are associated with biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Croes
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
| | | | - Liesbeth Bruckers
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Ilse Loots
- Political and Social Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bert Morrens
- Political and Social Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vera Nelen
- Provincial Institute for Hygiene, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ann Colles
- Environmental Health and Risk, VITO, Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Isabelle Sioen
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tara Vandermarken
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Van Larebeke
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Willy Baeyens
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Tue NM, Katsura K, Suzuki G, Tuyen LH, Takasuga T, Takahashi S, Viet PH, Tanabe S. Dioxin-related compounds in breast milk of women from Vietnamese e-waste recycling sites: levels, toxic equivalents and relevance of non-dietary exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 106:220-225. [PMID: 24859707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Although informal e-waste recycling sites (EWRSs) are hotspots of both polychlorinated and polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs and PBDD/Fs), human exposure to the latter has not been studied in details. This study investigated the accumulation levels and profiles of dioxin-related compounds (DRCs) in breast milk samples from women living in two Vietnamese EWRSs and estimated the intake contribution from e-waste-related exposure. Screening results using Dioxin-Responsive Chemically Activated LUciferase gene eXpression assay (DR-CALUX) showed higher dioxin-like (DL) activities in samples from the EWRS Bui Dau than in those from the EWRS Trang Minh and a reference site (2.3-10 vs 1.7-4.8 and 0.60-5.7 pg CALUX-TEQ/g lipid, n=10, 6 and 9, respectively). Chemical analysis results of selected samples show that the WHO-TEQ levels of PCDD/Fs, DL-PCBs and PBDD/Fs in EWRS samples were not significantly higher than in those from the reference site (0.22-7.4 vs 1.1-3.0 pg/g lipid) and within the Vietnamese background range, but women involved in recycling accumulated higher concentrations of PCDFs (13-15 vs 2.3-8.8 pg/g lipid) and PBDFs (1.1-1.5 vs <1.1 pg/g lipid). By comparing the DRC profile in milk of these women with the reported profile in house dust from the same site, dust ingestion was estimated to contribute most of the intake for tetraBDF, 37 per cent to 55 per cent for penta-octaCDFs, but less than twenty per cent for PCDDs and DL-PCBs, and 26 per cent for total WHO-TEQs. The DL activities in some EWRS milk samples were not fully explained by chemical data, suggesting contribution from unidentified compounds. The estimated WHO-TEQ intake doses for breastfed infants (1.3-33 pg/kg/d) mostly exceeded the tolerable value, especially for those living in the EWRSs; and unidentified DRCs might increase further the dioxin-related health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Minh Tue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), Hanoi University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kana Katsura
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Go Suzuki
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Le Huu Tuyen
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), Hanoi University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Takumi Takasuga
- Shimadzu Techno-Research, Inc., Nishinokyo-Shimoaicho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shin Takahashi
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan.
| | - Pham Hung Viet
- Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), Hanoi University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Shinsuke Tanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
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Kudłak B, Szczepańska N, Owczarek K, Mazerska Z, Namieśnik J. Revision of Biological Methods for Determination of EDC Presence and Their Endocrine Potential. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2014; 45:191-200. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2014.904731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Fång J, Nyberg E, Bignert A, Bergman Å. Temporal trends of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in mothers' milk from Sweden, 1972-2011. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2013; 60:224-31. [PMID: 24080458 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Temporal trends of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) in mothers' milk are still quite rare. Data are particularly scarce when it comes to concentrations from the last decade, 2000 and onwards. The aims of the present study were to assess temporal trends of PCDD, PCDF and DL-PCB in mothers' milk from Stockholm, 1972-2011 and to compare the results with previous analysis of some of the older samples. The samples were analyzed by high resolution GC/MS and results were statistically evaluated for the periods, 1972-2011 and 2002-2011. The rate of which ∑PCDDs, ∑DL-PCBs and the ∑TEQ are decreasing (on pg/g fat WHO-TEQ2005) is higher in the last decade compared to the 40year period, 1972-2011. A similar trend is indicated, but not confirmed, for ∑TEQ of PCDFs, probably due to too many PCDF congeners below LOQ in the period 2002-2011. Concentrations of ∑PCDDs, ∑PCDFs, ∑DLPCBs and ∑TEQ, all expressed as pg/g fat on TEQ-WHO2005-basis, show a statistically significant decline over time, 5.8-6.8% per year, 1972-2011. The last ten years the annual declines for ∑PCDDs, ∑DL-PCBs and ∑TEQ are 9.2-11% and for ∑PCDF, 5.4%. Congener specific trend analysis, 2002-2001, of PCDDs and DL-PCBs showed the same pattern, while the PCDF congeners showed no such general trend. The results from the re-analysis showed good agreement with slightly lower ∑TEQ1998 pg/g fat concentrations in six out of seven samples and mean difference of 13% in ∑TEQ1998. The study shows that time series can be elongated from previous studies, as long as the sample population remains the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Fång
- Environmental Chemistry Unit, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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