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Huo Z, Yang W, Harati J, Nene A, Borghi F, Piazzoni C, Milani P, Guo S, Galluzzi M, Boraschi D. Biomechanics of Macrophages on Disordered Surface Nanotopography. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:27164-27176. [PMID: 38750662 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages are involved in every stage of the innate/inflammatory immune responses in the body tissues, including the resolution of the reaction, and they do so in close collaboration with the extracellular matrix (ECM). Simplified substrates with nanotopographical features attempt to mimic the structural properties of the ECM to clarify the functional features of the interaction of the ECM with macrophages. We still have a limited understanding of the macrophage behavior upon interaction with disordered nanotopography, especially with features smaller than 10 nm. Here, we combine atomic force microscopy (AFM), finite element modeling (FEM), and quantitative biochemical approaches in order to understand the mechanotransduction from the nanostructured surface into cellular responses. AFM experiments show a decrease of macrophage stiffness, measured with the Young's modulus, as a biomechanical response to a nanostructured (ns-) ZrOx surface. FEM experiments suggest that ZrOx surfaces with increasing roughness represent weaker mechanical boundary conditions. The mechanical cues from the substrate are transduced into the cell through the formation of integrin-regulated focal adhesions and cytoskeletal reorganization, which, in turn, modulate cell biomechanics by downregulating cell stiffness. Surface nanotopography and consequent biomechanical response impact the overall behavior of macrophages by increasing movement and phagocytic ability without significantly influencing their inflammatory behavior. Our study suggests a strong potential of surface nanotopography for the regulation of macrophage functions, which implies a prospective application relative to coating technology for biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Huo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Vaccines, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Javad Harati
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ajinkya Nene
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Vaccines, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Francesca Borghi
- CIMaINa and Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Piazzoni
- CIMaINa and Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Milani
- CIMaINa and Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Shifeng Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Robotics and Intelligent System, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Massimiliano Galluzzi
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Vaccines, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Diana Boraschi
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Vaccines, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- China-Italy Joint Laboratory of Pharmacobiotechnology for Medical Immunomodulation, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80122 Napoli, Italy
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2
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Newman D, Young LE, Waring T, Brown L, Wolanska KI, MacDonald E, Charles-Orszag A, Goult BT, Caswell PT, Sakuma T, Yamamoto T, Machesky LM, Morgan MR, Zech T. 3D matrix adhesion feedback controls nuclear force coupling to drive invasive cell migration. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113554. [PMID: 38100355 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell invasion is a multi-step process, initiated by the acquisition of a migratory phenotype and the ability to move through complex 3D extracellular environments. We determine the composition of cell-matrix adhesion complexes of invasive breast cancer cells in 3D matrices and identify an interaction complex required for invasive migration. βPix and myosin18A (Myo18A) drive polarized recruitment of non-muscle myosin 2A (NM2A) to adhesion complexes at the tips of protrusions. Actomyosin force engagement then displaces the Git1-βPix complex from paxillin, establishing a feedback loop for adhesion maturation. We observe active force transmission to the nucleus during invasive migration that is needed to pull the nucleus forward. The recruitment of NM2A to adhesions creates a non-muscle myosin isoform gradient, which extends from the protrusion to the nucleus. We postulate that this gradient facilitates coupling of cell-matrix interactions at the protrusive cell front with nuclear movement, enabling effective invasive migration and front-rear cell polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Newman
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lorna E Young
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Thomas Waring
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Louise Brown
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Katarzyna I Wolanska
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ewan MacDonald
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Patrick T Caswell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tetsushi Sakuma
- Division of Integrated Sciences for Life, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Division of Integrated Sciences for Life, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Laura M Machesky
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, UK; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark R Morgan
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tobias Zech
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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3
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Yoon HY, Maron BY, Girald-Berlingeri S, Gasilina A, Gollin JC, Jian X, Akpan I, Yohe ME, Randazzo PA, Chen PW. ERK phosphorylation is dependent on cell adhesion in a subset of pediatric sarcoma cell lines. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119264. [PMID: 35381293 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) and Pax-Foxo1 fusion negative rhabdomyosarcoma (FN-RMS) are pediatric sarcomas with poor prognoses in patients with advanced disease. In both malignancies, an actin binding protein has been linked to poor prognosis. Integrin adhesion complexes (IACs) are closely coupled to actin networks and IAC-mediated signaling has been implicated in the progression of carcinomas. However, the relationship of IACs and actin cytoskeleton remodeling with cell signaling is understudied in pediatric sarcomas. Here, we tested the hypothesis that IAC dynamics affect ERK activation in OS and FN-RMS cell lines. Adhesion dependence of ERK activation differed among the OS and FN-RMS cells examined. In the OS cell lines, adhesion did not have a consistent effect on phospho-ERK (pERK). ERK phosphorylation in response to fetal calf serum or 1 ng/ml EGF was nearly as efficient in OS cell lines and one FN-RMS cell line in suspension as cells adherent to poly-l-lysine (PL) or fibronectin (FN). By contrast, adhesion to plastic, PL or FN increased ERK phosphorylation and was greater than additive with a 15 min exposure to 1 ng/ml EGF in three FN-RMS cell lines. Increases in pERK were partly dependent on FAK and PAK1/2 but independent of IAC maturation. As far as we are aware, this examination of adhesion-dependent signaling is the first in pediatric sarcomas and has led to the discovery of differences from the prevailing paradigms and differences in the degree of coupling between components in the signaling pathways among the cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Yoon
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Ben Y Maron
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, United States of America
| | - Sofia Girald-Berlingeri
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Anjelika Gasilina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Josephine C Gollin
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, United States of America
| | - Xiaoying Jian
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Itoro Akpan
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Marielle E Yohe
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Paul A Randazzo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.
| | - Pei-Wen Chen
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, United States of America
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Caliva MJ, Yang WS, Young-Robbins S, Zhou M, Yoon H, Matter ML, Grimes ML, Conrads T, Ramos JW. Proteomics analysis identifies PEA-15 as an endosomal phosphoprotein that regulates α5β1 integrin endocytosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19830. [PMID: 34615962 PMCID: PMC8494857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99348-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endosomal trafficking of cell surface receptors is essential to their function. Integrins are transmembrane receptors that integrate adhesion to the extracellular matrix with engagement of the cytoskeleton. Ligated integrins mediate diverse signals that regulate matrix assembly, cell survival, cell morphology, and cell motility. Endosomal trafficking of integrins modulates these signals and contributes to cell motility and is required for cancer cell invasion. The phosphoprotein PEA-15 modulates integrin activation and ERK MAP Kinase signaling. To elucidate novel PEA-15 functions we utilized an unbiased proteomics approach. We identified several binding partners for PEA-15 in the endosome including clathrin and AP-2 as well as integrin β1 and other focal adhesion complex proteins. We confirmed these interactions using proximity ligation analysis, immunofluorescence imaging, pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation. We further found that PEA-15 is enriched in endosomes and was required for efficient endosomal internalization of α5β1 integrin and cellular migration. Importantly, PEA-15 promotion of migration was dependent on PEA-15 phosphorylation at serines 104 and 116. These data support a novel endosomal role for PEA-15 in control of endosomal trafficking of integrins through an association with the β1 integrin and clathrin complexes, and thereby regulation of cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisel J Caliva
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Won Seok Yang
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Shirley Young-Robbins
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Ming Zhou
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova, Inova Women's Service Line, Inova Health System, 3289 Woodburn Rd, Suite 375, Falls Church, VA, 22003, USA
| | - Hana Yoon
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Michelle L Matter
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Mark L Grimes
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Thomas Conrads
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova, Inova Women's Service Line, Inova Health System, 3289 Woodburn Rd, Suite 375, Falls Church, VA, 22003, USA
| | - Joe William Ramos
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
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5
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Meißner J, Rezaei M, Siepe I, Ackermann D, König S, Eble JA. Redox proteomics reveals an interdependence of redox modification and location of adhesome proteins in NGF-treated PC12 cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 164:341-353. [PMID: 33465466 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Proteomics studies have revealed that adhesomes are assembled from a plethora of proteins at integrin-mediated cellular contact sites with the extracellular matrix. By combining dimedone-trapping of sulfenylated proteins with the purification of the adhesome complex, we extended previous proteomics approaches on adhesomes to a redox proteomic analysis. This added a new aspect of adhesome complexity as individual adhesome proteins change their redox state in response to environmental signals. As model system, rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells were studied in contact with type IV collagen and in response to nerve growth factor (NGF). NGF stimulates the endogenous production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the formation of neurite-like cell protrusions, which are anchored to the substratum via adhesomes. Dimedone detects the reversible oxidation of cysteine thiol groups into sulfenic acid groups which was used in proteomic analysis of adhesome proteins revealing that sulfenylation and location of proteins mutually influence each other. For some proteins, identified by the redox proteomics approach, among them Nck-associated protein-1 (Nap-1), proximity ligation analysis and co-immunoprecipitation assays proved that protein sulfenylation sites colocalize with adhesomes of protrusions. In conclusion, the suprastructural composition and function of adhesomes is redox-regulated by ROS. Of interest in this respect, isoform-selective pharmacological inhibition of NADPH-oxidases (Noxs) reduced the adhesomal location of the collagen-binding α1β1 integrin and the length of the outgrowing neurites, indicative of a role of Nox isoforms in the redox-regulation of adhesomes. Thus, our novel redox proteomics approach not only revealed redox-modifications and the potential redox-regulation of adhesomes and their constituents but it may also provide a tool to analyze the ROS-stimulated neurite repair of peripheral neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Meißner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Maryam Rezaei
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Isabel Siepe
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Simone König
- IZKF Core Unit Proteomics, Röntgenstraße 21, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes A Eble
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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6
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Talayero VC, Vicente-Manzanares M. Multiparametric Analysis of Focal Adhesions in Bidimensional Substrates. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2217:27-37. [PMID: 33215374 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0962-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Focal adhesions in planar substrates constitute an excellent cellular resource to evaluate different parameters related to cell morphology, cytoskeletal organization, and adhesive strength. However, their intrinsic heterogeneity in terms of size, molecular composition, orientation, and so on complicates their analysis. Here, we describe a simple and straightforward ImageJ/Fiji-based method to quantify several parameters that describe the morphology and relative composition of focal adhesions. This type of analysis can be implemented in various ways and become useful for drug and shRNA screenings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa C Talayero
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miguel Vicente-Manzanares
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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7
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Abstract
Cell-surface adhesion receptors mediate interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) to control many fundamental aspects of cell behavior, including cell migration, survival, and proliferation. Integrin adhesion receptors recruit structural and signaling proteins to form multimolecular adhesion complexes that link the plasma membrane to the actomyosin cytoskeleton. The assembly and turnover of adhesion complexes are tightly regulated, governed in part by the networks of physical protein interactions and functional signaling associations between components of the adhesome. Proteomic profiling of adhesion complexes has begun to reveal their molecular complexity and diversity. To interrogate the composition of cell-ECM adhesions, we detail herein an approach for the network analysis of adhesion complex proteomes. Integration of these proteomic data with adhesome databases in the context of predicted protein interactions enables the mapping of experimentally defined adhesion complex networks. Computational analysis of resultant network models can identify subnetworks of putative functionally linked adhesion protein communities. This approach provides a framework to predict functional adhesion protein relationships and generate new mechanistic hypotheses for further experimental testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Li Mow Chee
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adam Byron
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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D'Urso M, Kurniawan NA. Mechanical and Physical Regulation of Fibroblast-Myofibroblast Transition: From Cellular Mechanoresponse to Tissue Pathology. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:609653. [PMID: 33425874 PMCID: PMC7793682 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.609653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts are cells present throughout the human body that are primarily responsible for the production and maintenance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) within the tissues. They have the capability to modify the mechanical properties of the ECM within the tissue and transition into myofibroblasts, a cell type that is associated with the development of fibrotic tissue through an acute increase of cell density and protein deposition. This transition from fibroblast to myofibroblast-a well-known cellular hallmark of the pathological state of tissues-and the environmental stimuli that can induce this transition have received a lot of attention, for example in the contexts of asthma and cardiac fibrosis. Recent efforts in understanding how cells sense their physical environment at the micro- and nano-scales have ushered in a new appreciation that the substrates on which the cells adhere provide not only passive influence, but also active stimulus that can affect fibroblast activation. These studies suggest that mechanical interactions at the cell-substrate interface play a key role in regulating this phenotype transition by changing the mechanical and morphological properties of the cells. Here, we briefly summarize the reported chemical and physical cues regulating fibroblast phenotype. We then argue that a better understanding of how cells mechanically interact with the substrate (mechanosensing) and how this influences cell behaviors (mechanotransduction) using well-defined platforms that decouple the physical stimuli from the chemical ones can provide a powerful tool to control the balance between physiological tissue regeneration and pathological fibrotic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko D'Urso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Nicholas A. Kurniawan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
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Focal Adhesion Isolation Assay Using ECM-Coated Magnetic Beads. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 33215375 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0962-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Focal adhesions are force sensitive structures that dynamically alter their composition, protein-protein interactions, and signaling in response to external mechanical stimuli. These dynamic changes are critical for focal adhesion function and are required for cellular mechanosensing. Here, we describe a simple protocol that allows for isolation of the focal adhesion complex from adherent cells in culture in response to different mechanical stimuli applied at adhesion sites. By combining this assay with approaches such as proteomics or western blot analysis, one can study the force-dependent changes in focal adhesion composition, protein-protein interactions and signaling.
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10
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Singh SP, Thomason PA, Lilla S, Schaks M, Tang Q, Goode BL, Machesky LM, Rottner K, Insall RH. Cell-substrate adhesion drives Scar/WAVE activation and phosphorylation by a Ste20-family kinase, which controls pseudopod lifetime. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000774. [PMID: 32745097 PMCID: PMC7425996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Scar/WAVE complex is the principal catalyst of pseudopod and lamellipod formation. Here we show that Scar/WAVE's proline-rich domain is polyphosphorylated after the complex is activated. Blocking Scar/WAVE activation stops phosphorylation in both Dictyostelium and mammalian cells, implying that phosphorylation modulates pseudopods after they have been formed, rather than controlling whether they are initiated. Unexpectedly, phosphorylation is not promoted by chemotactic signaling but is greatly stimulated by cell:substrate adhesion and diminished when cells deadhere. Phosphorylation-deficient or phosphomimetic Scar/WAVE mutants are both normally functional and rescue the phenotype of knockout cells, demonstrating that phosphorylation is dispensable for activation and actin regulation. However, pseudopods and patches of phosphorylation-deficient Scar/WAVE last substantially longer in mutants, altering the dynamics and size of pseudopods and lamellipods and thus changing migration speed. Scar/WAVE phosphorylation does not require ERK2 in Dictyostelium or mammalian cells. However, the MAPKKK homologue SepA contributes substantially-sepA mutants have less steady-state phosphorylation, which does not increase in response to adhesion. The mutants also behave similarly to cells expressing phosphorylation-deficient Scar, with longer-lived pseudopods and patches of Scar recruitment. We conclude that pseudopod engagement with substratum is more important than extracellular signals at regulating Scar/WAVE's activity and that phosphorylation acts as a pseudopod timer by promoting Scar/WAVE turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matthias Schaks
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany & Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Qing Tang
- Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bruce L. Goode
- Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Klemens Rottner
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany & Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Robert H. Insall
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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11
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Adhesion and growth factor receptor crosstalk mechanisms controlling cell migration. Essays Biochem 2020; 63:553-567. [PMID: 31551325 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration requires cells to sense and interpret an array of extracellular signals to precisely co-ordinate adhesion dynamics, local application of mechanical force, polarity signalling and cytoskeletal dynamics. Adhesion receptors and growth factor receptors (GFRs) exhibit functional and signalling characteristics that individually contribute to cell migration. Integrins transmit bidirectional mechanical forces and transduce long-range intracellular signals. GFRs are fast acting and highly sensitive signalling machines that initiate signalling cascades to co-ordinate global cellular processes. Syndecans are microenvironment sensors that regulate GTPases to control receptor trafficking, cytoskeletal remodelling and adhesion dynamics. However, an array of crosstalk mechanisms exists, which co-ordinate and integrate the functions of the different receptor families. Here we discuss the nature of adhesion receptor and GFR crosstalk mechanisms. The unifying theme is that efficient cell migration requires precise spatial and temporal co-ordination of receptor crosstalk. However, a higher order of complexity emerges; whereby multiple crosstalk mechanisms are integrated and subject to both positive and negative feedbacks. Exquisite and sensitive control of these mechanisms ensures that mechanical forces and pro-migratory signals are triggered in the right place and at the right time during cell migration. Finally, we discuss the challenges, and potential therapeutic benefits, associated with deciphering this complexity.
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12
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Khosravi M, Kakavandi N, Rezaee S, Shabani M, Najafi M. A Peptide Construct Mediates Focal Adhesion Pathway Through the Activation of Integrin Receptor. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1749-1755. [PMID: 32160840 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200311125325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The integrin family receptors stimulate the cellular proliferation and migration through the focal adhesion pathway by the activation of PTK2, VASP and TSP1 proteins. The purpose of this study was to investigate the integrin-ligated motifs through the activation of focal adhesion pathway. METHODS A chimeric peptide was predicted from the integrin-mediated ligands by bioinformatics tools. The VSMCs were treated with the chimeric peptide and simvastatin. The PTK2, VASP and TSP1 protein and gene expression levels were measured by RT-qPCR and Western Blotting techniques, respectively. AutoDock Tools were used for the docking technique. RESULTS The PTK2, VASP and TSP1 protein expression levels increased significantly in the VSMCs treated with chimeric peptide in conversely with the effects of simvastatin. The docking results suggested two motifs in the chimeric peptide. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the chimeric peptide activated the focal adhesion pathway. The motifs 1 and 2 may be directly involved in the transduction of signal by integrin family receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Khosravi
- Medicine Biochemistry, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
| | - Naser Kakavandi
- Biochemistry Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Rezaee
- Biochemistry Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Biochemistry Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Najafi
- Biochemistry Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Alessandra G, Algerta M, Paola M, Carsten S, Cristina L, Paolo M, Elisa M, Gabriella T, Carla P. Shaping Pancreatic β-Cell Differentiation and Functioning: The Influence of Mechanotransduction. Cells 2020; 9:E413. [PMID: 32053947 PMCID: PMC7072458 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic and pluripotent stem cells hold great promise in generating β-cells for both replacing medicine and novel therapeutic discoveries in diabetes mellitus. However, their differentiation in vitro is still inefficient, and functional studies reveal that most of these β-like cells still fail to fully mirror the adult β-cell physiology. For their proper growth and functioning, β-cells require a very specific environment, the islet niche, which provides a myriad of chemical and physical signals. While the nature and effects of chemical stimuli have been widely characterized, less is known about the mechanical signals. We here review the current status of knowledge of biophysical cues provided by the niche where β-cells normally live and differentiate, and we underline the possible machinery designated for mechanotransduction in β-cells. Although the regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood, the analysis reveals that β-cells are equipped with all mechanosensors and signaling proteins actively involved in mechanotransduction in other cell types, and they respond to mechanical cues by changing their behavior. By engineering microenvironments mirroring the biophysical niche properties it is possible to elucidate the β-cell mechanotransductive-regulatory mechanisms and to harness them for the promotion of β-cell differentiation capacity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galli Alessandra
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - Marku Algerta
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - Marciani Paola
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - Schulte Carsten
- CIMAINA, Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lenardi Cristina
- CIMAINA, Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Milani Paolo
- CIMAINA, Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Maffioli Elisa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Tedeschi Gabriella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Perego Carla
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20134 Milan, Italy
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14
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Schulte C. Cluster-assembled nanostructured materials for cell biology. CLUSTER BEAM DEPOSITION OF FUNCTIONAL NANOMATERIALS AND DEVICES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-102515-4.00010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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15
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Nolte M, Margadant C. Controlling Immunity and Inflammation through Integrin-Dependent Regulation of TGF-β. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:49-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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16
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Sverdlov ED, Chernov IP. Cancer Stem Complex, Not a Cancer Stem Cell, Is the Driver of Cancer Evolution. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:1028-1039. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919090050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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17
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18
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Mierke CT. The Role of the Optical Stretcher Is Crucial in the Investigation of Cell Mechanics Regulating Cell Adhesion and Motility. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:184. [PMID: 31552247 PMCID: PMC6736998 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of cells, tissues, and the surrounding extracellular matrix environment play important roles in the process of cell adhesion and migration. In physiological and pathological processes of the cells, such as wound healing and cancer, the capacity to migrate through the extracellular matrix is crucial. Hence biophysical techniques were used to determine the mechanical properties of cells that facilitate the various migratory capacities. Since the field of mechanobiology is rapidly growing, the reliable and reproducible characterization of cell mechanics is required that facilitates the adhesion and migration of cells. One of these cell mechanical techniques is the optical stretching device, which was originally developed to investigate the mechanical properties of cells, such as the deformation of single cells in suspension. After discussing the strengths and weaknesses of the technology, the latest findings in optical stretching-based cell mechanics are presented in this review. Finally, the mechanical properties of cells are correlated with their migratory potential and it is pointed out how the inhibition of biomolecules that contribute to the to the maintenance of cytoskeletal structures in cells affect their mechanical deformability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Biological Physics Division, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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19
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Gilbert HTJ, Swift J. The consequences of ageing, progeroid syndromes and cellular senescence on mechanotransduction and the nucleus. Exp Cell Res 2019; 378:98-103. [PMID: 30836065 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The ageing process is a progressive decrease in physiological function, caused by accruement of damage and misregulation in the cells and tissues of an organism. Human ageing has been the focus of much scientific investigation, but studies have been complicated by the variability of the process between subjects and the slow pace at which it occurs. Although the consequences of ageing on cellular biochemical signalling and metabolism have been well studied, the impact on the mechanical properties of cells and the extracellular matrix - and the mechanotransduction pathways that connect the two - have often been overlooked. In this review we will discuss recent advances in the fields of nuclear and cytoskeletal biophysics, and consider this work in the context of ageing. In particular, we will examine the role of the nucleus in cellular mechanotransduction and in 'age-related diseases/phenomena' such as progeria and cellular senescence. Finally, we will discuss the therapeutic options being explored, drawing attention to a new field of medicine termed 'mechano-medicine' that may prove useful in addressing age-related pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish T J Gilbert
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Joe Swift
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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20
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Kilinc D. The Emerging Role of Mechanics in Synapse Formation and Plasticity. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:483. [PMID: 30574071 PMCID: PMC6291423 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of synaptic strength forms the basis of learning and memory, and is a key factor in understanding neuropathological processes that lead to cognitive decline and dementia. While the mechanical aspects of neuronal development, particularly during axon growth and guidance, have been extensively studied, relatively little is known about the mechanical aspects of synapse formation and plasticity. It is established that a filamentous actin network with complex spatiotemporal behavior controls the dendritic spine shape and size, which is thought to be crucial for activity-dependent synapse plasticity. Accordingly, a number of actin binding proteins have been identified as regulators of synapse plasticity. On the other hand, a number of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are found in synapses, some of which form transsynaptic bonds to align the presynaptic active zone (PAZ) with the postsynaptic density (PSD). Considering that these CAMs are key components of cellular mechanotransduction, two critical questions emerge: (i) are synapses mechanically regulated? and (ii) does disrupting the transsynaptic force balance lead to (or exacerbate) synaptic failure? In this mini review article, I will highlight the mechanical aspects of synaptic structures-focusing mainly on cytoskeletal dynamics and CAMs-and discuss potential mechanoregulation of synapses and its relevance to neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devrim Kilinc
- INSERM U1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
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21
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Cimmino C, Rossano L, Netti PA, Ventre M. Spatio-Temporal Control of Cell Adhesion: Toward Programmable Platforms to Manipulate Cell Functions and Fate. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:190. [PMID: 30564573 PMCID: PMC6288377 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biophysical and biochemical signals of material surfaces potently regulate cell functions and fate. In particular, micro- and nano-scale patterns of adhesion signals can finely elicit and affect a plethora of signaling pathways ultimately affecting gene expression, in a process known as mechanotransduction. Our fundamental understanding of cell-material signals interaction and reaction is based on static culturing platforms, i.e., substrates exhibiting signals whose configuration is time-invariant. However, cells in-vivo are exposed to arrays of biophysical and biochemical signals that change in time and space and the way cells integrate these might eventually dictate their behavior. Advancements in fabrication technologies and materials engineering, have recently enabled the development of culturing platforms able to display patterns of biochemical and biophysical signals whose features change in time and space in response to external stimuli and according to selected programmes. These dynamic devices proved to be particularly helpful in shedding light on how cells adapt to a dynamic microenvironment or integrate spatio-temporal variations of signals. In this work, we present the most relevant findings in the context of dynamic platforms for controlling cell functions and fate in vitro. We place emphasis on the technological aspects concerning the fabrication of platforms displaying micro- and nano-scale dynamic signals and on the physical-chemical stimuli necessary to actuate the spatio-temporal changes of the signal patterns. In particular, we illustrate strategies to encode material surfaces with dynamic ligands and patterns thereof, topographic relieves and mechanical properties. Additionally, we present the most effective, yet cytocompatible methods to actuate the spatio-temporal changes of the signals. We focus on cell reaction and response to dynamic changes of signal presentation. Finally, potential applications of this new generation of culturing systems for in vitro and in vivo applications, including regenerative medicine and cell conditioning are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cimmino
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare@CRIB, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Rossano
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare@CRIB, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Antonio Netti
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare@CRIB, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ventre
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare@CRIB, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
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22
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Tusk SE, Delalez NJ, Berry RM. Subunit Exchange in Protein Complexes. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:4557-4579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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23
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Nieuwenhuis B, Haenzi B, Andrews MR, Verhaagen J, Fawcett JW. Integrins promote axonal regeneration after injury of the nervous system. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 93:1339-1362. [PMID: 29446228 PMCID: PMC6055631 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are cell surface receptors that form the link between extracellular matrix molecules of the cell environment and internal cell signalling and the cytoskeleton. They are involved in several processes, e.g. adhesion and migration during development and repair. This review focuses on the role of integrins in axonal regeneration. Integrins participate in spontaneous axonal regeneration in the peripheral nervous system through binding to various ligands that either inhibit or enhance their activation and signalling. Integrin biology is more complex in the central nervous system. Integrins receptors are transported into growing axons during development, but selective polarised transport of integrins limits the regenerative response in adult neurons. Manipulation of integrins and related molecules to control their activation state and localisation within axons is a promising route towards stimulating effective regeneration in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Nieuwenhuis
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0PYU.K.
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor SystemsNetherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)1105 BAAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Barbara Haenzi
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0PYU.K.
| | | | - Joost Verhaagen
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor SystemsNetherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)1105 BAAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Centre for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit Amsterdam1081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - James W. Fawcett
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0PYU.K.
- Centre of Reconstructive NeuroscienceInstitute of Experimental Medicine142 20Prague 4Czech Republic
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24
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Niculiţe CM, Nechifor MT, Urs AO, Olariu L, Ceafalan LC, Leabu M. Keratinocyte Motility Is Affected by UVA Radiation-A Comparison between Normal and Dysplastic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1700. [PMID: 29880745 PMCID: PMC6032280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
UVA radiation induces multiple and complex changes in the skin, affecting epidermal cell behavior. This study reports the effects of UVA exposure on normal (HaCaT) and dysplastic (DOK) keratinocytes. The adherence, spreading and proliferation were investigated by time-lapse measurement of cell layer impedance on different matrix proteins. Prior to UVA exposure, the time required for adherence and spreading did not differ significantly for HaCaT and DOK cells, while spreading areas were larger for HaCaT cells. Under UVA exposure, HaCaT and DOK cells behavior differed in terms of movement and proliferation. The cells' ability to cover the denuded surface and individual cell trajectories were recorded by time-lapse videomicroscopy, during wound healing experiments. Dysplastic keratinocytes showed more sensitivity to UVA, exhibiting transient deficiencies in directionality of movement and a delay in re-coating the denuded area. The actin cytoskeleton displayed a cortical organization immediately after irradiation, in both cell lines, similar to mock-irradiated cells. Post-irradiation, DOK cells displayed a better organization of stress fibers, persistent filopodia, and new, stronger focal contacts. In conclusion, after UVA exposure HaCaT and DOK cells showed a different behavior in terms of adherence, spreading, motility, proliferation, and actin cytoskeleton dynamics, with the dyplastic keratinocytes being more sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Niculiţe
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, 99-101, Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania.
- Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 8, Blvd. Eroilor Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Marina T Nechifor
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95, Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Andreea O Urs
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, 99-101, Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Laura Olariu
- SC Biotehnos SA, 3-5, Gorunului Street, 075100 Otopeni, Romania.
| | - Laura C Ceafalan
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, 99-101, Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania.
- Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 8, Blvd. Eroilor Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Mircea Leabu
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, 99-101, Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania.
- Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 8, Blvd. Eroilor Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
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25
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Gao Y, Mruk DD, Lui WY, Lee WM, Cheng CY. F5-peptide induces aspermatogenesis by disrupting organization of actin- and microtubule-based cytoskeletons in the testis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:64203-64220. [PMID: 27611949 PMCID: PMC5325436 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During the release of sperm at spermiation, a biologically active F5-peptide, which can disrupt the Sertoli cell tight junction (TJ) permeability barrier, is produced at the site of the degenerating apical ES (ectoplasmic specialization). This peptide coordinates the events of spermiation and blood-testis barrier (BTB) remodeling at stage VIII of the epithelial cycle, creating a local apical ES-BTB axis to coordinate cellular events across the epithelium. The mechanism(s) by which F5-peptide perturbs BTB restructuring, and its involvement in apical ES dynamics remain unknown. F5-peptide, besides perturbing BTB integrity, was shown to induce germ cell release from the epithelium following its efficient in vivo overexpression in the testis. Overexpression of F5-peptide caused disorganization of actin- and microtubule (MT)-based cytoskeletons, mediated by altering the spatiotemporal expression of actin binding/regulatory proteins in the seminiferous epithelium. F5-peptide perturbed the ability of actin microfilaments and/or MTs from converting between their bundled and unbundled/defragmented configuration, thereby perturbing adhesion between spermatids and Sertoli cells. Since apical ES and basal ES/BTB are interconnected through the underlying cytoskeletal networks, this thus provides an efficient and novel mechanism to coordinate different cellular events across the epithelium during spermatogenesis through changes in the organization of actin microfilaments and MTs. These findings also illustrate the potential of F5-peptide being a male contraceptive peptide for men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, USA
| | - Dolores D Mruk
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, USA
| | - Wing-Yee Lui
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Will M Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - C Yan Cheng
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, USA
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26
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Maffioli E, Schulte C, Nonnis S, Grassi Scalvini F, Piazzoni C, Lenardi C, Negri A, Milani P, Tedeschi G. Proteomic Dissection of Nanotopography-Sensitive Mechanotransductive Signaling Hubs that Foster Neuronal Differentiation in PC12 Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 11:417. [PMID: 29354032 PMCID: PMC5758595 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal cells are competent in precisely sensing nanotopographical features of their microenvironment. The perceived microenvironmental information will be “interpreted” by mechanotransductive processes and impacts on neuronal functioning and differentiation. Attempts to influence neuronal differentiation by engineering substrates that mimic appropriate extracellular matrix (ECM) topographies are hampered by the fact that profound details of mechanosensing/-transduction complexity remain elusive. Introducing omics methods into these biomaterial approaches has the potential to provide a deeper insight into the molecular processes and signaling cascades underlying mechanosensing/-transduction but their exigence in cellular material is often opposed by technical limitations of major substrate top-down fabrication methods. Supersonic cluster beam deposition (SCBD) allows instead the bottom-up fabrication of nanostructured substrates over large areas characterized by a quantitatively controllable ECM-like nanoroughness that has been recently shown to foster neuron differentiation and maturation. Exploiting this capacity of SCBD, we challenged mechanosensing/-transduction and differentiative behavior of neuron-like PC12 cells with diverse nanotopographies and/or changes of their biomechanical status, and analyzed their phosphoproteomic profiles in these settings. Versatile proteins that can be associated to significant processes along the mechanotransductive signal sequence, i.e., cell/cell interaction, glycocalyx and ECM, membrane/f-actin linkage and integrin activation, cell/substrate interaction, integrin adhesion complex, actomyosin organization/cellular mechanics, nuclear organization, and transcriptional regulation, were affected. The phosphoproteomic data suggested furthermore an involvement of ILK, mTOR, Wnt, and calcium signaling in these nanotopography- and/or cell mechanics-related processes. Altogether, potential nanotopography-sensitive mechanotransductive signaling hubs participating in neuronal differentiation were dissected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Maffioli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carsten Schulte
- Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Fondazione Filarete, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Nonnis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Fondazione Filarete, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Grassi Scalvini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Fondazione Filarete, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Piazzoni
- Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Lenardi
- Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Armando Negri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Fondazione Filarete, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Milani
- Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tedeschi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Fondazione Filarete, Milan, Italy
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27
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Nanoscale mechanobiology of cell adhesions. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 71:53-67. [PMID: 28754443 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Proper physiological functions of cells and tissues depend upon their abilities to sense, transduce, integrate, and generate mechanical and biochemical signals. Although such mechanobiological phenomena are widely observed, the molecular mechanisms driving these outcomes are still not fully understood. Cell adhesions formed by integrins and cadherins receptors are key structures that process diverse sources of signals to elicit complex mechanobiological responses. Since the nanoscale is the length scale at which molecules interact to relay force and information, the understanding of cell adhesions at the nanoscale level is important for grasping the inner logics of cellular decision making. Until recently, the study of the biological nanoscale has been restricted by available molecular and imaging tools. Fortunately, rapid technological advances have increasingly opened up the nanoscale realm to systematic investigations. In this review, we discuss current insights and key open questions regarding the nanoscale structure and function relationship of cell adhesions, focusing on recent progresses in characterizing their composition, spatial organization, and cytomechanical operation.
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28
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Neural Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Proteins in Synaptic Specification. Trends Cell Biol 2017; 27:931-945. [PMID: 28743494 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins are a specialized class of lipid-associated neuronal membrane proteins that perform diverse functions in the dynamic control of axon guidance, synaptic adhesion, cytoskeletal remodeling, and localized signal transduction, particularly at lipid raft domains. Recent studies have demonstrated that a subset of GPI-anchored proteins act as critical regulators of synapse development by modulating specific synaptic adhesion pathways via direct interactions with key synapse-organizing proteins. Additional studies have revealed that alteration of these regulatory mechanisms may underlie various brain disorders. In this review, we highlight the emerging role of GPI-anchored proteins as key synapse organizers that aid in shaping the properties of various types of synapses and circuits in mammals.
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29
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Katsel P, Roussos P, Pletnikov M, Haroutunian V. Microvascular anomaly conditions in psychiatric disease. Schizophrenia - angiogenesis connection. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 77:327-339. [PMID: 28396239 PMCID: PMC5497758 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a severe mental disorder with unknown etiology and elusive neuropathological and neurobiological features have been a focus of many theoretical hypotheses and empirical studies. Current genetic and neurobiology information relevant to SZ implicates neuronal developmental and synaptic plasticity abnormalities, and neurotransmitter, microglial and oligodendrocytes dysfunction. Several recent theories have highlighted the neurovascular unit as a potential contributor to the pathophysiology of SZ. We explored the biological plausibility of a link between SZ and the neurovascular system by examining insights gained from genetic, neuroimaging and postmortem studies, which include gene expression and neuropathology analyses. We also reviewed information from animal models of cerebral angiogenesis in order to understand better the complex interplay between angiogenic and neurotrophic factors in development, vascular endothelium/blood brain barrier remodeling and maintenance, all of which contribute to sustaining adequate regional blood flow and safeguarding normal brain function. Microvascular and hemodynamic alterations in SZ highlight the importance of further research and reveal the neurovascular unit as a potential therapeutic target in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Katsel
- Department of Psychiatry, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Panos Roussos
- Department of Psychiatry, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mikhail Pletnikov
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vahram Haroutunian
- Department of Psychiatry, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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Herum KM, Lunde IG, McCulloch AD, Christensen G. The Soft- and Hard-Heartedness of Cardiac Fibroblasts: Mechanotransduction Signaling Pathways in Fibrosis of the Heart. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6050053. [PMID: 28534817 PMCID: PMC5447944 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6050053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis, the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), remains an unresolved problem in most forms of heart disease. In order to be successful in preventing, attenuating or reversing cardiac fibrosis, it is essential to understand the processes leading to ECM production and accumulation. Cardiac fibroblasts are the main producers of cardiac ECM, and harbor great phenotypic plasticity. They are activated by the disease-associated changes in mechanical properties of the heart, including stretch and increased tissue stiffness. Despite much remaining unknown, an interesting body of evidence exists on how mechanical forces are translated into transcriptional responses important for determination of fibroblast phenotype and production of ECM constituents. Such mechanotransduction can occur at multiple cellular locations including the plasma membrane, cytoskeleton and nucleus. Moreover, the ECM functions as a reservoir of pro-fibrotic signaling molecules that can be released upon mechanical stress. We here review the current status of knowledge of mechanotransduction signaling pathways in cardiac fibroblasts that culminate in pro-fibrotic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M Herum
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Ida G Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Andrew D McCulloch
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
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31
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Schaefer A, van Duijn TJ, Majolee J, Burridge K, Hordijk PL. Endothelial CD2AP Binds the Receptor ICAM-1 To Control Mechanosignaling, Leukocyte Adhesion, and the Route of Leukocyte Diapedesis In Vitro. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:4823-4836. [PMID: 28484055 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is driven by excessive transmigration (diapedesis) of leukocytes from the blood to the tissue across the endothelial cell monolayer that lines blood vessels. Leukocyte adhesion, crawling, and transmigration are regulated by clustering of the endothelial mechanosensitive receptor intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Whereas several proteins are known to promote ICAM-1 function, the molecular mechanisms that limit ICAM-1-mediated adhesion to prevent excessive leukocyte transmigration remain unknown. We identify the endothelial actin-binding protein CD2-associated protein (CD2AP) as a novel interaction partner of ICAM-1. Loss of CD2AP stimulates the dynamics of ICAM-1 clustering, which facilitates the formation of ICAM-1 complexes on the endothelial cell surface. Consequently, neutrophil adhesion is increased, but crawling is decreased. In turn, this promotes the neutrophil preference for the transcellular over the paracellular transmigration route. Mechanistically, CD2AP is required for mechanosensitive ICAM-1 downstream signaling toward activation of the PI3K, and recruitment of F-actin and of the actin-branching protein cortactin. Moreover, CD2AP is necessary for ICAM-1-induced Rac1 recruitment and activation. Mechanical force applied on ICAM-1 impairs CD2AP binding to ICAM-1, suggesting that a tension-induced negative feedback loop promotes ICAM-1-mediated neutrophil crawling and paracellular transmigration. To our knowledge, these data show for the first time that the mechanoreceptor ICAM-1 is negatively regulated by an actin-binding adaptor protein, i.e., CD2AP, to allow a balanced and spatiotemporal control of its adhesive function. CD2AP is important in kidney dysfunction that is accompanied by inflammation. Our findings provide a mechanistic basis for the role of CD2AP in inflamed vessels, identifying this adaptor protein as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Schaefer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1066CX, the Netherlands; .,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Trynette J van Duijn
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1066CX, the Netherlands
| | - Jisca Majolee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1066CX, the Netherlands
| | - Keith Burridge
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; and
| | - Peter L Hordijk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1066CX, the Netherlands.,Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098XH, the Netherlands
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32
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Shi M, Song W, Han T, Chang B, Li G, Jin J, Zhang Y. Role of the unfolded protein response in topography-induced osteogenic differentiation in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Acta Biomater 2017; 54:175-185. [PMID: 28315494 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The topography of biomaterials can significantly influence the osteogenic differentiation of cells. Understanding topographical signal transduction is critical for developing biofunctional surfaces, but the current knowledge is insufficient. Recently, numerous reports have suggested that the unfolded protein response (UPR) and osteogenic differentiation are inter-linked. Therefore, we hypothesize that the UPR pathway may be involved in the topography-induced osteogenesis. In the present study, different surface topographies were fabricated on pure titanium foils and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and UPR pathway were systematically investigated. We found that ER stress and the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway were activated in a time- and topography-dependent manner. Additionally, the activation of the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway by different topographies was in line with their osteogenic induction capability. More specifically, the osteogenic differentiation could be enhanced or weakened when the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway was promoted or inhibited, respectively. Furthermore, tuning of the degree of ER stress with different concentrations of thapsigargin revealed that mild ER stress promotes osteogenic differentiation, whereas excessive ER stress inhibits osteogenic differentiation and causes apoptosis. Taken together, our findings suggest that the UPR may play a critical role in topography-induced osteogenic differentiation, which may help to provide new insights into topographical signal transduction. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Suitable implant surface topography can effectively improve bioactivity and eventual bone affinity. However, the mechanism of topographical signaling transduction is unclear and criteria for designation of an appropriate implant surface topography is lacking. This study shows that the ER stress and PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway were activated by micro- and micro/nano-topographies, which is corresponding to the osteogenic induction abilities of these topographies. Furthermore, we have found that mild ER stress improves osteogenic differentiation, whereas excessive ER stress inhibits osteogenic differentiation and causes apoptosis. Our findings demonstrate that the UPR plays a critical role in the topography induced osteogenic differentiation, which may help to provide new insights into the topographical signaling transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Wen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Tianxiao Han
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Bei Chang
- PLA Rocket Force General Hospital, Beijing 100088, PR China
| | - Guangwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
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Vitali T, Girald-Berlingeri S, Randazzo PA, Chen PW. Arf GAPs: A family of proteins with disparate functions that converge on a common structure, the integrin adhesion complex. Small GTPases 2017; 10:280-288. [PMID: 28362242 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1299271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation factors (Arfs) are members of the Ras GTPase superfamily. The function of Arfs is dependent on GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) and guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), which allow Arfs to cycle between the GDP-bound and GTP-bound forms. Arf GAPs have been shown to be present in integrin adhesion complexes, which include focal adhesions. Integrin adhesion complexes are composed of integrins, scaffolding proteins and signaling proteins and regulate cell proliferation, survival, differentiation and migration. Understanding the role of Arf GAPs in the regulation of integrin adhesion complexes is relevant to understanding normal physiology and cancer. In this review, we will discuss the contribution of the Arf GAP family members to the regulation of integrin adhesion complexes, examining the diverse mechanisms by which they control integrin adhesion complex formation, maturation and dissolution. GIT1 and ARAP2 serve as GAPs for Arf6, regulating Rac1 and other effectors by mechanisms still being defined. In contrast, GIT2 regulates Rac1 independent of Arf6. AGAP2 binds to and regulates focal adhesion kinase (FAK). ARAP2 and ACAP1, both Arf6 GAPs, regulate membrane trafficking of integrins through different endocytic pathways, exerting opposite effects on focal adhesions. ASAP1 not only regulates actin cytoskeleton remodeling through its interaction with nonmuscle myosin 2A, but is also important in integrin recycling. These examples illustrate the diversity and versatility of Arf GAPs as regulators of integrin adhesion complex structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Vitali
- a Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology , National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Sofia Girald-Berlingeri
- a Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology , National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Paul A Randazzo
- a Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology , National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Pei-Wen Chen
- b Department of Biology , Williams College , Williamstown , MA , USA
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Integrin signaling in atherosclerosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2263-2282. [PMID: 28246700 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2490-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic lipid-driven inflammatory disease affecting large arteries, represents the primary cause of cardiovascular disease in the world. The local remodeling of the vessel intima during atherosclerosis involves the modulation of vascular cell phenotype, alteration of cell migration and proliferation, and propagation of local extracellular matrix remodeling. All of these responses represent targets of the integrin family of cell adhesion receptors. As such, alterations in integrin signaling affect multiple aspects of atherosclerosis, from the earliest induction of inflammation to the development of advanced fibrotic plaques. Integrin signaling has been shown to regulate endothelial phenotype, facilitate leukocyte homing, affect leukocyte function, and drive smooth muscle fibroproliferative remodeling. In addition, integrin signaling in platelets contributes to the thrombotic complications that typically drive the clinical manifestation of cardiovascular disease. In this review, we examine the current literature on integrin regulation of atherosclerotic plaque development and the suitability of integrins as potential therapeutic targets to limit cardiovascular disease and its complications.
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Schulte C, Podestà A, Lenardi C, Tedeschi G, Milani P. Quantitative Control of Protein and Cell Interaction with Nanostructured Surfaces by Cluster Assembling. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:231-239. [PMID: 28116907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of smart prosthetics, scaffolds, and biomaterials for tissue engineering and organ-on-a-chip devices heavily depends on the understanding and control of biotic/abiotic interfaces. In recent years, the nanometer scale emerged as the predominant dimension for processes impacting on protein adsorption and cellular responses on surfaces. In this context, the extracellular matrix (ECM) can be seen as the prototype for an intricate natural structure assembled by nanoscale building blocks forming highly variable nanoscale configurations, dictating cellular behavior and fate. How exactly the ECM nanotopography influences mechanotransduction, that is, the cellular capacity to convert information received from the ECM into appropriate responses, remains partially understood due to the complexity of the involved biological structures, limiting also the attempts to artificially reproduce the nanoscale complexity of the ECM. In this Account, we describe and discuss our strategies for the development of an efficient and large-scale bottom-up approach to fabricate surfaces with multiscale controlled disorder as substrates to study quantitatively the effect of nanoscale topography on biological entities. Our method is based on the use of supersonic cluster beam deposition (SCBD) to assemble, on a substrate, neutral clusters produced in the gas phase and accelerated by a supersonic expansion. The assembling of clusters in the ballistic deposition regime follows simple scaling laws, allowing the quantitative control of surface roughness and asperity layout over large areas. Due to their biocompatibility, we focused on transition metal oxide nanostructured surfaces assembled by titania and zirconia clusters. We demonstrated the engineering of structural and functional properties of the cluster-assembled surfaces with high relevance for interactions at the biotic/abiotic interface. We observed that isoelectric point and wettability, crucial parameters for the adhesion of biological entities on surfaces, are strongly influenced and controlled by the nanoscale roughness. By developing a high-throughput method (protein surface interaction microarray, PSIM), we characterized quantitatively the capacity of the nanostructured surfaces to adsorb proteins, showing that with increasing roughness the adsorption rises beyond what could be expected by the increase in specific area, paralleled by an almost linear decrease in protein binding affinity. We also determined that the spatial layout of the surface asperities effectively perceived by the cells mimics at the nanoscale the topographical ECM characteristics. The interaction with these features consequently regulates parameters significant for cell adhesion and mechanotransductive signaling, such as integrin clustering, focal adhesion maturation, and the correlated cellular mechanobiology, eventually impacting the cellular program and differentiation, as we specifically showed for neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Schulte
- Centro
Interdisciplinare Materiali e Interfacce Nanostrutturati (CIMAINA)
e Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Podestà
- Centro
Interdisciplinare Materiali e Interfacce Nanostrutturati (CIMAINA)
e Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Lenardi
- Centro
Interdisciplinare Materiali e Interfacce Nanostrutturati (CIMAINA)
e Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tedeschi
- Centro
Interdisciplinare Materiali e Interfacce Nanostrutturati (CIMAINA)
e Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
- CIMAINA
e Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria
10, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Milani
- Centro
Interdisciplinare Materiali e Interfacce Nanostrutturati (CIMAINA)
e Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Mierke CT, Fischer T, Puder S, Kunschmann T, Soetje B, Ziegler WH. Focal adhesion kinase activity is required for actomyosin contractility-based invasion of cells into dense 3D matrices. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42780. [PMID: 28202937 PMCID: PMC5311912 DOI: 10.1038/srep42780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The focal adhesion kinase (FAK) regulates the dynamics of integrin-based cell adhesions important for motility. FAK's activity regulation is involved in stress-sensing and focal-adhesion turnover. The effect of FAK on 3D migration and cellular mechanics is unclear. We analyzed FAK knock-out mouse embryonic fibroblasts and cells expressing a kinase-dead FAK mutant, R454-FAK, in comparison to FAK wild-type cells. FAK knock-out and FAKR454/R454 cells invade dense 3D matrices less efficiently. These results are supported by FAK knock-down in wild-type fibroblasts and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells showing reduced invasiveness. Pharmacological interventions indicate that in 3D matrices, cells deficient in FAK or kinase-activity behave similarly to wild-type cells treated with inhibitors of Src-activity or actomyosin-contractility. Using magnetic tweezers experiments, FAKR454/R454 cells are shown to be softer and exhibit impaired adhesion to fibronectin and collagen, which is consistent with their reduced 3D invasiveness. In line with this, FAKR454/R454 cells cannot contract the matrix in contrast to FAK wild-type cells. Finally, our findings demonstrate that active FAK facilitates 3D matrix invasion through increased cellular stiffness and transmission of actomyosin-dependent contractile force in dense 3D extracellular matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia T. Mierke
- Institute of Experimental Physics I, Biological Physics Division, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tony Fischer
- Institute of Experimental Physics I, Biological Physics Division, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefanie Puder
- Institute of Experimental Physics I, Biological Physics Division, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tom Kunschmann
- Institute of Experimental Physics I, Biological Physics Division, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Birga Soetje
- Department of Paediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H. Ziegler
- Department of Paediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Woltersdorf C, Bonk M, Leitinger B, Huhtala M, Käpylä J, Heino J, Gil Girol C, Niland S, Eble JA, Bruckner P, Dreier R, Hansen U. The binding capacity of α1β1-, α2β1- and α10β1-integrins depends on non-collagenous surface macromolecules rather than the collagens in cartilage fibrils. Matrix Biol 2017; 63:91-105. [PMID: 28192200 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Interactions of cells with supramolecular aggregates of the extracellular matrix (ECM) are mediated, in part, by cell surface receptors of the integrin family. These are important molecular components of cell surface-suprastructures regulating cellular activities in general. A subfamily of β1-integrins with von Willebrand-factor A-like domains (I-domains) in their α-chains can bind to collagen molecules and, therefore, are considered as important cellular mechano-receptors. Here we show that chondrocytes strongly bind to cartilage collagens in the form of individual triple helical molecules but very weakly to fibrils formed by the same molecules. We also find that chondrocyte integrins α1β1-, α2β1- and α10β1-integrins and their I-domains have the same characteristics. Nevertheless we find integrin binding to mechanically generated cartilage fibril fragments, which also comprise peripheral non-collagenous material. We conclude that cell adhesion results from binding of integrin-containing adhesion suprastructures to the non-collagenous fibril periphery but not to the collagenous fibril cores. The biological importance of the well-investigated recognition of collagen molecules by integrins is unknown. Possible scenarios may include fibrillogenesis, fibril degradation and/or phagocytosis, recruitment of cells to remodeling sites, or molecular signaling across cytoplasmic membranes. In these circumstances, collagen molecules may lack a fibrillar organization. However, other processes requiring robust biomechanical functions, such as fibril organization in tissues, cell division, adhesion, or migration, do not involve direct integrin-collagen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Woltersdorf
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Melanie Bonk
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Birgit Leitinger
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mikko Huhtala
- University of Turku, Department of Biochemistry, FI-20014 Turun Yliopisto, Finland
| | - Jarmo Käpylä
- University of Turku, Department of Biochemistry, FI-20014 Turun Yliopisto, Finland
| | - Jyrki Heino
- University of Turku, Department of Biochemistry, FI-20014 Turun Yliopisto, Finland
| | - Christian Gil Girol
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stephan Niland
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes A Eble
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Bruckner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Rita Dreier
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Uwe Hansen
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany; Institute of Experimental Musculoskeletal Medicine (IEMM), University of Münster, DE-48149 Münster, Germany
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Robertson J, Humphries JD, Paul NR, Warwood S, Knight D, Byron A, Humphries MJ. Characterization of the Phospho-Adhesome by Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1636:235-251. [PMID: 28730483 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7154-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Integrin adhesion receptors engage with their extracellular matrix (ECM) ligands, initiating intracellular signaling pathways that regulate a range of fundamental cell functions. Protein kinases and phosphatases play an integral role in integrin adhesion-mediated signaling. However, until recently, knowledge of the phosphorylation sites regulated downstream of integrin ligation was limited to candidate-based approaches and did not support a system-level understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which ECM engagement influences cell behavior. Here, we describe a mass spectrometry (MS)-based phosphoproteomic protocol that enables the global characterization of phosphorylation-based signaling networks activated by integrin-mediated adhesion. To analyze specifically integrin-proximal signaling, the phosphoproteomic workflow involves the affinity-based isolation and analysis of integrin-associated complexes (IACs) rather than proteins solubilized from whole-cell lysates , which are typically used for global phosphoproteomic studies. The detection of phosphorylation sites from IAC proteins was optimized at various stages of the workflow, including IAC isolation, proteolytic digestion, and MS-based data acquisition strategies. The protocol permits the identification and quantification of IAC components by both Western blotting and MS. Notably, compared to phosphoproteomic analyses of cell lysates, the workflow described here enables an improved detection of phosphorylation sites from well-defined IAC proteins, including many known components of the signaling pathways activated by adhesion to the ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Robertson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0027, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonathan D Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Nikki R Paul
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Stacey Warwood
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - David Knight
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Adam Byron
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Martin J Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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Manninen A, Varjosalo M. A proteomics view on integrin-mediated adhesions. Proteomics 2016; 17. [PMID: 27723259 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Individual cells in multicellular organisms constantly explore their microenvironment, or niche, to obtain spatial information that is used to regulate cell behavior to maintain tissue integrity. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an important source of such spatial information. Binding of the integrin family receptors to the ECM triggers formation of integrin adhesion complexes (IACs) that link the ECM network to cellular cytoskeleton via remarkably large multiprotein complexes collectively referred to as the integrin adhesome. Recent advances in proteomics have enabled researchers to study the IAC composition in detail. Various biochemical IAC isolation methods and culture conditions have been employed to study the composition and dynamics of integrin-mediated adhesions mainly in fibroblasts and lymphoblasts. These studies have led to identification of daunting lists of potential IAC components. This review focuses on the current status of proteomics-driven research seeking to understand integrin functions by comprehensive analysis of IAC components. These systems level approaches have revealed the complexity of biochemical and biomechanical signals that are processed at IACs and provide a novel insight into how these signals are conveyed to regulate cellular behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Manninen
- Biocenter Oulu, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, Biocenter 3, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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40
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Horton ER, Humphries JD, James J, Jones MC, Askari JA, Humphries MJ. The integrin adhesome network at a glance. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:4159-4163. [PMID: 27799358 PMCID: PMC5117201 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.192054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The adhesion nexus is the site at which integrin receptors bridge intracellular cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix networks. The connection between integrins and the cytoskeleton is mediated by a dynamic integrin adhesion complex (IAC), the components of which transduce chemical and mechanical signals to control a multitude of cellular functions. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we integrate the consensus adhesome, a set of 60 proteins that have been most commonly identified in isolated IAC proteomes, with the literature-curated adhesome, a theoretical network that has been assembled through scholarly analysis of proteins that localise to IACs. The resulting IAC network, which comprises four broad signalling and actin-bridging axes, provides a platform for future studies of the regulation and function of the adhesion nexus in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward R Horton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jonathan D Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jenny James
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Matthew C Jones
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Janet A Askari
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Martin J Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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41
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Ghatak S, Niland S, Schulz JN, Wang F, Eble JA, Leitges M, Mauch C, Krieg T, Zigrino P, Eckes B. Role of Integrins α1β1 and α2β1 in Wound and Tumor Angiogenesis in Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:3011-3027. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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42
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Fruleux A, Hawkins RJ. Physical role for the nucleus in cell migration. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:363002. [PMID: 27406341 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/36/363002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration is important for the function of many eukaryotic cells. Recently the nucleus has been shown to play an important role in cell motility. After giving an overview of cell motility mechanisms we review what is currently known about the mechanical properties of the nucleus and the connections between it and the cytoskeleton. We also discuss connections to the extracellular matrix and mechanotransduction. We identify key physical roles of the nucleus in cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Fruleux
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
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43
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Quantitative profiling of spreading-coupled protein tyrosine phosphorylation in migratory cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31811. [PMID: 27554326 PMCID: PMC4995472 DOI: 10.1038/srep31811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is an important mechanism that regulates cytoskeleton reorganization and cell spreading of migratory cells. A number of cytoskeletal proteins are known to be tyrosine phosphorylated (pY) in different cellular processes. However, the profile of pY proteins during different stages of cell spreading has not been available. Using immunoafffinity enrichment of pY proteins coupled with label free quantitative proteomics, we quantitatively identified 447 pY proteins in the migratory ECV-304 cells at the early spreading (adhesion) and the active spreading stages. We found that pY levels of the majority of the quantified proteins were significantly increased in the active spreading stage compared with the early spreading stage, suggesting that active cell spreading is concomitant with extra tyrosine phosphorylation. The major categories of proteins impacted by tyrosine phosphorylation are involved in cytoskeleton and focal adhesion regulation, protein translation and degradation. Our findings, for the first time, dissect the cell spreading-specific pY signals from the adhesion induced pY signals, and provide a valuable resource for the future mechanistic research regarding the regulation of cell spreading.
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Cellular adhesome screen identifies critical modulators of focal adhesion dynamics, cellular traction forces and cell migration behaviour. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31707. [PMID: 27531518 PMCID: PMC4987721 DOI: 10.1038/srep31707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells migrate from the primary tumour into surrounding tissue in order to form metastasis. Cell migration is a highly complex process, which requires continuous remodelling and re-organization of the cytoskeleton and cell-matrix adhesions. Here, we aimed to identify genes controlling aspects of tumour cell migration, including the dynamic organization of cell-matrix adhesions and cellular traction forces. In a siRNA screen targeting most cell adhesion-related genes we identified 200+ genes that regulate size and/or dynamics of cell-matrix adhesions in MCF7 breast cancer cells. In a subsequent secondary screen, the 64 most effective genes were evaluated for growth factor-induced cell migration and validated by tertiary RNAi pool deconvolution experiments. Four validated hits showed significantly enlarged adhesions accompanied by reduced cell migration upon siRNA-mediated knockdown. Furthermore, loss of PPP1R12B, HIPK3 or RAC2 caused cells to exert higher traction forces, as determined by traction force microscopy with elastomeric micropillar post arrays, and led to considerably reduced force turnover. Altogether, we identified genes that co-regulate cell-matrix adhesion dynamics and traction force turnover, thereby modulating overall motility behaviour.
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45
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Horejs CM. Basement membrane fragments in the context of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Eur J Cell Biol 2016; 95:427-440. [PMID: 27397693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) enables cells of epithelial phenotype to become motile and change to a migratory mesenchymal phenotype. EMT is known to be a fundamental requisite for tissue morphogenesis, and EMT-related pathways have been described in cancer metastasis and tissue fibrosis. Epithelial structures are marked by the presence of a sheet-like extracellular matrix, the basement membrane, which is assembled from two major proteins, laminin and collagen type IV. This specialized matrix is essential for tissue function and integrity, and provides an important barrier to the potential pathogenic migration of cells. The profound phenotypic transition in EMT involves the epithelial cells disrupting the basement membrane. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are known to cleave components of basement membranes, but MMP-basement membrane crosstalk during EMT in vivo is poorly understood. However, MMPs have been reported to play a role in EMT-related processes and a variety of basement membrane fragments have been shown to be released by specific MMPs in vitro and in vivo exhibiting distinct biological activities. This review discusses general considerations regarding the basement membrane in the context of EMT, a possible role for specific MMPs in EMT and highlights biologically active basement membrane fragments liberated by MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine-Maria Horejs
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles vaeg 2, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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46
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Pharmacology of the cell/matrix form of adhesion. Pharmacol Res 2016; 107:430-436. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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47
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Cell adhesion and invasion mechanisms that guide developing axons. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2016; 39:77-85. [PMID: 27135389 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Axon extension, guidance and tissue invasion share many similarities to normal cell migration and cancer cell metastasis. Proper cell and growth cone migration requires tightly regulated adhesion complex assembly and detachment from the extracellular matrix (ECM). In addition, many cell types actively remodel the ECM using matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) to control tissue invasion and cell dispersal. Targeting and activating MMPs is a tightly regulated process, that when dysregulated, can lead to cancer cell metastasis. Interestingly, new evidence suggests that growth cones express similar cellular and molecular machinery as migrating cells to clutch retrograde actin flow on ECM proteins and target matrix degradation, which may be used to facilitate axon pathfinding through the basal lamina and across tissues.
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Schulte C, Rodighiero S, Cappelluti MA, Puricelli L, Maffioli E, Borghi F, Negri A, Sogne E, Galluzzi M, Piazzoni C, Tamplenizza M, Podestà A, Tedeschi G, Lenardi C, Milani P. Conversion of nanoscale topographical information of cluster-assembled zirconia surfaces into mechanotransductive events promotes neuronal differentiation. J Nanobiotechnology 2016; 14:18. [PMID: 26955876 PMCID: PMC4784317 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-016-0171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Thanks to mechanotransductive components cells are competent to perceive nanoscale topographical features of their environment and to convert the immanent information into corresponding physiological responses. Due to its complex configuration, unraveling the role of the extracellular matrix is particularly challenging. Cell substrates with simplified topographical cues, fabricated by top-down micro- and nanofabrication approaches, have been useful in order to identify basic principles. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this conversion remain only partially understood. Results Here we present the results of a broad, systematic and quantitative approach aimed at understanding how the surface nanoscale information is converted into cell response providing a profound causal link between mechanotransductive events, proceeding from the cell/nanostructure interface to the nucleus. We produced nanostructured ZrO2 substrates with disordered yet controlled topographic features by the bottom-up technique supersonic cluster beam deposition, i.e. the assembling of zirconia nanoparticles from the gas phase on a flat substrate through a supersonic expansion. We used PC12 cells, a well-established model in the context of neuronal differentiation. We found that the cell/nanotopography interaction enforces a nanoscopic architecture of the adhesion regions that affects the focal adhesion dynamics and the cytoskeletal organization, which thereby modulates the general biomechanical properties by decreasing the rigidity of the cell. The mechanotransduction impacts furthermore on transcription factors relevant for neuronal differentiation (e.g. CREB), and eventually the protein expression profile. Detailed proteomic data validated the observed differentiation. In particular, the abundance of proteins that are involved in adhesome and/or cytoskeletal organization is striking, and their up- or downregulation is in line with their demonstrated functions in neuronal differentiation processes. Conclusion Our work provides a deep insight into the molecular mechanotransductive mechanisms that realize the conversion of the nanoscale topographical information of SCBD-fabricated surfaces into cellular responses, in this case neuronal differentiation. The results lay a profound cell biological foundation indicating the strong potential of these surfaces in promoting neuronal differentiation events which could be exploited for the development of prospective research and/or biomedical applications. These applications could be e.g. tools to study mechanotransductive processes, improved neural interfaces and circuits, or cell culture devices supporting neurogenic processes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12951-016-0171-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Schulte
- CIMAINA, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | | | - Martino Alfredo Cappelluti
- SEMM European School of Molecular Medicine, Via Adamello 16, Milan, 20139, Italy. .,Fondazione Filarete, via le Ortles 22/4, Milan, 20139, Italy.
| | - Luca Puricelli
- CIMAINA, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | - Elisa Maffioli
- DIVET, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, Milan, 20133, Italy. .,Fondazione Filarete, via le Ortles 22/4, Milan, 20139, Italy.
| | - Francesca Borghi
- CIMAINA, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | - Armando Negri
- DIVET, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, Milan, 20133, Italy. .,Fondazione Filarete, via le Ortles 22/4, Milan, 20139, Italy.
| | - Elisa Sogne
- SEMM European School of Molecular Medicine, Via Adamello 16, Milan, 20139, Italy. .,Fondazione Filarete, via le Ortles 22/4, Milan, 20139, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Galluzzi
- CIMAINA, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | - Claudio Piazzoni
- CIMAINA, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | | | - Alessandro Podestà
- CIMAINA, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Tedeschi
- DIVET, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, Milan, 20133, Italy. .,Fondazione Filarete, via le Ortles 22/4, Milan, 20139, Italy.
| | - Cristina Lenardi
- CIMAINA, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | - Paolo Milani
- CIMAINA, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, Milan, 20133, Italy.
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Smith YE, Vellanki SH, Hopkins AM. Dynamic interplay between adhesion surfaces in carcinomas: Cell-cell and cell-matrix crosstalk. World J Biol Chem 2016; 7:64-77. [PMID: 26981196 PMCID: PMC4768125 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v7.i1.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell and cell-matrix signaling and communication between adhesion sites involve mechanisms which are required for cellular functions during normal development and homeostasis; however these cellular functions and mechanisms are often deregulated in cancer. Aberrant signaling at cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion sites often involves downstream mediators including Rho GTPases and tyrosine kinases. This review discusses these molecules as putative mediators of cellular crosstalk between cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion sites, in addition to their attractiveness as therapeutic targets in cancer. Interestingly, inter-junctional crosstalk mechanisms are frequently typified by the way in which bacterial and viral pathogens opportunistically infect or intoxicate mammalian cells. This review therefore also discusses the concept of learning from pathogen-host interaction studies to better understand coordinated communication between cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion sites, in addition to highlighting the potential therapeutic usefulness of exploiting pathogens or their products to tap into inter-junctional crosstalk. Taken together, we feel that increased knowledge around mechanisms of cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion site crosstalk and consequently a greater understanding of their therapeutic targeting offers a unique opportunity to contribute to the emerging molecular revolution in cancer biology.
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50
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Sandor B, Marin M, Lapoumeroulie C, Rabaï M, Lefevre SD, Lemonne N, El Nemer W, Mozar A, Français O, Le Pioufle B, Connes P, Le Van Kim C. Effects of Poloxamer 188 on red blood cell membrane properties in sickle cell anaemia. Br J Haematol 2016; 173:145-9. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mickaël Marin
- Inserm UMR_S1134; Paris France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine; Paris France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex; Paris France
| | - Claudine Lapoumeroulie
- Inserm UMR_S1134; Paris France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine; Paris France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex; Paris France
| | | | - Sophie D. Lefevre
- Inserm UMR_S1134; Paris France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine; Paris France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex; Paris France
- Université Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
| | | | - Wassim El Nemer
- Inserm UMR_S1134; Paris France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine; Paris France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex; Paris France
| | - Anaïs Mozar
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex; Paris France
- Inserm; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane; 97159 Pointe-à-Pitre Guadeloupe
| | - Olivier Français
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan; CNRS; BIOMIS-SATIE; UMR 8029; Cachan France
| | - Bruno Le Pioufle
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan; CNRS; BIOMIS-SATIE; UMR 8029; Cachan France
| | - Philippe Connes
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex; Paris France
- Inserm; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane; 97159 Pointe-à-Pitre Guadeloupe
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan; CNRS; BIOMIS-SATIE; UMR 8029; Cachan France
- Laboratoire CRIS EA647; Section “Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell”; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Lyon France
- Institut Universitaire de France; Paris France
| | - Caroline Le Van Kim
- Inserm UMR_S1134; Paris France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine; Paris France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex; Paris France
- Université Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
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