1
|
Nan W, He Y, Wang S, Zhang Y. Molecular mechanism of VE-cadherin in regulating endothelial cell behaviour during angiogenesis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1234104. [PMID: 37601629 PMCID: PMC10433914 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1234104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, an endothelium-specific adhesion protein, is found in the junctions between endothelial cells (ECs). It's crucial to maintain the homogeneity of ECs. Keeping and controlling the contact between ECs is essential. In addition to its adhesive function, VE-cadherin plays important roles in vascular development, permeability, and tumour angiogenesis. Signal transfer, cytoskeletal reconstruction, and contractile integrating, which are crucial for constructing and maintaining monolayer integrity as well as for repair and regeneration, are the foundation of endothelial cell (EC) junctional dynamics. The molecular basis of adhesion junctions (AJs), which are closely related and work with actin filaments, is provided by the VE-cadherin-catenin complex. They can activate intracellular signals that drive ECs to react or communicate structural changes to junctions. An increasing number of molecules, including the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP), have been connected to VE-cadherin in addition to the conventional VE-cadherin-catenin complex. This review demonstrates significant progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that affect VE-cadherin's function in the regulation of EC behaviour during angiogenesis. The knowledge of the molecular processes that control VE-cadherin's role in the regulation of EC behaviour during angiogenesis has recently advanced, as shown in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijin Nan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuxi He
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shurong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu D, Chen Q, Chen X, Han F, Chen Z, Wang Y. The blood-brain barrier: structure, regulation, and drug delivery. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:217. [PMID: 37231000 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01481-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 134.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a natural protective membrane that prevents central nervous system (CNS) from toxins and pathogens in blood. However, the presence of BBB complicates the pharmacotherapy for CNS disorders as the most chemical drugs and biopharmaceuticals have been impeded to enter the brain. Insufficient drug delivery into the brain leads to low therapeutic efficacy as well as aggravated side effects due to the accumulation in other organs and tissues. Recent breakthrough in materials science and nanotechnology provides a library of advanced materials with customized structure and property serving as a powerful toolkit for targeted drug delivery. In-depth research in the field of anatomical and pathological study on brain and BBB further facilitates the development of brain-targeted strategies for enhanced BBB crossing. In this review, the physiological structure and different cells contributing to this barrier are summarized. Various emerging strategies for permeability regulation and BBB crossing including passive transcytosis, intranasal administration, ligands conjugation, membrane coating, stimuli-triggered BBB disruption, and other strategies to overcome BBB obstacle are highlighted. Versatile drug delivery systems ranging from organic, inorganic, and biologics-derived materials with their synthesis procedures and unique physio-chemical properties are summarized and analyzed. This review aims to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive guideline for researchers in diverse fields, offering perspectives on further development of brain-targeted drug delivery system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, Drug Target and Drug Discovery Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sri-Ranjan K, Sanchez-Alonso JL, Swiatlowska P, Rothery S, Novak P, Gerlach S, Koeninger D, Hoffmann B, Merkel R, Stevens MM, Sun SX, Gorelik J, Braga VMM. Intrinsic cell rheology drives junction maturation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4832. [PMID: 35977954 PMCID: PMC9385638 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental property of higher eukaryotes that underpins their evolutionary success is stable cell-cell cohesion. Yet, how intrinsic cell rheology and stiffness contributes to junction stabilization and maturation is poorly understood. We demonstrate that localized modulation of cell rheology governs the transition of a slack, undulated cell-cell contact (weak adhesion) to a mature, straight junction (optimal adhesion). Cell pairs confined on different geometries have heterogeneous elasticity maps and control their own intrinsic rheology co-ordinately. More compliant cell pairs grown on circles have slack contacts, while stiffer triangular cell pairs favour straight junctions with flanking contractile thin bundles. Counter-intuitively, straighter cell-cell contacts have reduced receptor density and less dynamic junctional actin, suggesting an unusual adaptive mechano-response to stabilize cell-cell adhesion. Our modelling informs that slack junctions arise from failure of circular cell pairs to increase their own intrinsic stiffness and resist the pressures from the neighbouring cell. The inability to form a straight junction can be reversed by increasing mechanical stress artificially on stiffer substrates. Our data inform on the minimal intrinsic rheology to generate a mature junction and provide a springboard towards understanding elements governing tissue-level mechanics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Sri-Ranjan
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J L Sanchez-Alonso
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - P Swiatlowska
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S Rothery
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - P Novak
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| | - S Gerlach
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, IBI-2: Mechanobiology, Julich, Germany
| | - D Koeninger
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, IBI-2: Mechanobiology, Julich, Germany
| | - B Hoffmann
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, IBI-2: Mechanobiology, Julich, Germany
| | - R Merkel
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, IBI-2: Mechanobiology, Julich, Germany
| | - M M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S X Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute of NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore Maryland, USA
| | - J Gorelik
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Vania M M Braga
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kremer V, Stanicek L, van Ingen E, Bink DI, Hilderink S, Tijsen AJ, Wittig I, Mägdefessel L, Nossent AY, Boon RA. Long non-coding RNA MEG8 induces endothelial barrier through regulation of microRNA-370 and -494 processing. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:275515. [PMID: 35611612 PMCID: PMC9270956 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The 14q32 locus is an imprinted region in the human genome which contains multiple non-coding RNAs. We investigated the role of Maternally Expressed Gene 8 (MEG8) in endothelial function and the underlying mechanism. A 5-fold increase in MEG8 was observed with increased passage number in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells, suggesting MEG8 is induced during aging. MEG8 knockdown resulted in a 1.8-fold increase in senescence, suggesting MEG8 might be protective during aging. Endothelial barrier was impaired after MEG8 silencing. MEG8 knockdown resulted in reduced expression of miRNA-370 and -494 but not -127, -487b and -410. Overexpression of miRNA-370/-494 partially rescued MEG8-silencing-induced barrier loss. Mechanistically, MEG8 regulates expression of miRNA-370 and -494 at the mature miRNA level through interaction with RNA binding proteins Cold Inducible RNA Binding Protein (CIRBP) and Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Trifunctional Multi-enzyme Complex Subunit Beta (HADHB). Precursor and mature miRNA-370/-494 were shown to interact with HADHB and CIRBP respectively. CIRBP/HADHB silencing resulted in downregulation of miRNA-370 and induction of miRNA-494. These results suggest MEG8 interacts with CIRBP and HADHB and contributes to miRNA processing at the post-transcriptional level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veerle Kremer
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Department of Physiology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Chemistry, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Stanicek
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Department of Physiology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,German Center for Cardiovascular research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany
| | - Eva van Ingen
- Department of Surgery and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Diewertje I Bink
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Department of Physiology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah Hilderink
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Department of Physiology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anke J Tijsen
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Cardiology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ilka Wittig
- Functional Proteomics, SFB 815 Core Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Partner site Frankfurt Rhein/Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lars Mägdefessel
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Molecular Vascular Medicine Unit, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,German Center for Cardiovascular research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany
| | - Anne Yaël Nossent
- Department of Surgery and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.,Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinier A Boon
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Department of Physiology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Partner site Frankfurt Rhein/Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang HY, Liang ZH, Xie JL, Wu Q, Qin YY, Zhang SY, Tang GD. Gelsolin impairs barrier function in pancreatic ductal epithelial cells by actin filament depolymerization in hypertriglyceridemia‑induced pancreatitis in vitro. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:290. [PMID: 35317441 PMCID: PMC8908475 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelsolin (GSN) is a calcium-regulated actin-binding protein that can sever actin filaments. Notably, actin dynamics affect the structure and function of epithelial barriers. The present study investigated the role of GSN in the barrier function of pancreatic ductal epithelial cells (PDECs) in hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis (HTGP). The human PDEC cell line HPDE6-C7 underwent GSN knockdown and was treated with caerulein (CAE) + triglycerides (TG). Intracellular calcium levels and the actin filament network were analyzed under a fluorescence microscope. The expression levels of GSN, E-cadherin, nectin-2, ZO-1 and occludin were evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Ultrastructural changes in tight junctions were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the permeability of PDECs was analyzed by fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran fluorescence. The results revealed that CAE + TG increased intracellular calcium levels, actin filament depolymerization and GSN expression, and increased PDEC permeability by decreasing the expression levels of E-cadherin, nectin-2, ZO-1 and occludin compared with the control. Moreover, changes in these markers, with the exception of intracellular calcium levels, were reversed by silencing GSN. In conclusion, GSN may disrupt barrier function in PDECs by causing actin filament depolymerization in HTGP in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ying Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Hai Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Lian Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Qing Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Ying Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Du Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kluza E, Beldman TJ, Shami A, Scholl ER, Malinova TS, Grootemaat AE, van der Wel NN, Gonçalves I, Huveneers S, Mulder WJM, Lutgens E. Diverse ultrastructural landscape of atherosclerotic endothelium. Atherosclerosis 2021; 339:35-45. [PMID: 34847419 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The endothelium plays a major role in atherosclerosis, yet the endothelial plaque surface is a largely uncharted territory. Here we hypothesize that atherosclerosis-driven remodeling of the endothelium is a dynamic process, involving both damaging and regenerative mechanisms. METHODS Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and immuno-SEM, we studied endothelial junction ultrastructure, endothelial openings and immune cell-endothelium interactions in eight apoe-/- mice and two human carotid plaques. RESULTS The surface of early mouse plaques (n = 11) displayed a broad range of morphological alterations, including junctional disruptions and large transcellular endothelial pores with the average diameter between 0.6 and 3 μm. The shoulder region of advanced atherosclerotic lesions (n = 7) had a more aggravated morphology with 8 μm-size paracellular openings at two-fold higher density. In contrast, the central apical surface of advanced plaques, i.e., the plaque body (n = 7), displayed endothelial normalization, as shown by a significantly higher frequency of intact endothelial junctions and a lower incidence of paracellular pores. This normalized endothelial phenotype correlated with low immune cell density (only 5 cells/mm2). The human carotid plaque surface (n = 2) displayed both well-organized and disrupted endothelium with similar features as described above. In addition, they were accompanied by extensive thrombotic areas. CONCLUSIONS Our study unveils the spectrum of endothelial abnormalities associated with the development of atherosclerosis. These were highly abundant in early lesions and in the shoulder region of advanced plaques, while normalized at the advanced plaque's body. Similar endothelial features were observed in human atherosclerotic plaques, underlining the versatility of endothelial transformations in atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Kluza
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Thijs J Beldman
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Annelie Shami
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Clinical Research Center, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Edwin R Scholl
- Electron Microscopy Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Tsveta S Malinova
- Vascular Microenvironment and Integrity, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Anita E Grootemaat
- Electron Microscopy Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole N van der Wel
- Electron Microscopy Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Clinical Research Center, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Stephan Huveneers
- Vascular Microenvironment and Integrity, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Willem J M Mulder
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, 80336, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cao Q, Wei W, Wang H, Wang Z, Lv Y, Dai M, Tan C, Chen H, Wang X. Cleavage of E-cadherin by porcine respiratory bacterial pathogens facilitates airway epithelial barrier disruption and bacterial paracellular transmigration. Virulence 2021; 12:2296-2313. [PMID: 34482810 PMCID: PMC8425755 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1966996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells are the first line of defense against respiratory pathogens. Porcine bacterial pathogens, such as Bordetella bronchiseptica, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Glaesserella (Haemophilus) parasuis, and Pasteurella multocida, breach this barrier to lead to local or systematic infections. Here, we demonstrated that respiratory bacterial pathogen infection disrupted the airway epithelial intercellular junction protein, E-cadherin, thus contributing to impaired epithelial cell integrity. E-cadherin knocking-out in newborn pig tracheal cells via CRISPR/Cas9 editing technology confirmed that E-cadherin was sufficient to suppress the paracellular transmigration of these porcine respiratory bacterial pathogens, including G. parasuis, A. pleuropneumoniae, P. multocida, and B. bronchiseptica. The E-cadherin ectodomain cleavage by these pathogens was probably attributed to bacterial HtrA/DegQ protease, but not host HtrA1, MMP7 and ADAM10, and the prominent proteolytic activity was further confirmed by a serine-to-alanine substitution mutation in the active center of HtrA/DegQ protein. Moreover, deletion of the htrA gene in G. parasuis led to severe defects in E-cadherin ectodomain cleavage, cell adherence and paracellular transmigration in vitro, as well as bacterial breaking through the tracheal epithelial cells, systemic invasion and dissemination in vivo. This common pathogenic mechanism shared by other porcine respiratory bacterial pathogens explains how these bacterial pathogens destroy the airway epithelial cell barriers and proliferate in respiratory mucosal surface or other systemic tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenbin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zesong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yujin Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Menghong Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
A junctional PACSIN2/EHD4/MICAL-L1 complex coordinates VE-cadherin trafficking for endothelial migration and angiogenesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2610. [PMID: 33972531 PMCID: PMC8110786 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22873-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenic sprouting relies on collective migration and coordinated rearrangements of endothelial leader and follower cells. VE-cadherin-based adherens junctions have emerged as key cell-cell contacts that transmit forces between cells and trigger signals during collective cell migration in angiogenesis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that govern these processes and their functional importance for vascular development still remain unknown. We previously showed that the F-BAR protein PACSIN2 is recruited to tensile asymmetric adherens junctions between leader and follower cells. Here we report that PACSIN2 mediates the formation of endothelial sprouts during angiogenesis by coordinating collective migration. We show that PACSIN2 recruits the trafficking regulators EHD4 and MICAL-L1 to the rear end of asymmetric adherens junctions to form a recycling endosome-like tubular structure. The junctional PACSIN2/EHD4/MICAL-L1 complex controls local VE-cadherin trafficking and thereby coordinates polarized endothelial migration and angiogenesis. Our findings reveal a molecular event at force-dependent asymmetric adherens junctions that occurs during the tug-of-war between endothelial leader and follower cells, and allows for junction-based guidance during collective migration in angiogenesis. Communication between endothelial leader and follower cells during collective cell migration is crucial for vascular development. Here, the authors show that PACSIN2 guides collective cell migration and angiogenesis by recruiting a protein trafficking complex to asymmetric cell-cell junctions, controlling local junction plasticity.
Collapse
|
9
|
Gorji A, Toh PJY, Ong HT, Toh YC, Toyama Y, Kanchanawong P. Enhancement of Endothelialization by Topographical Features Is Mediated by PTP1B-Dependent Endothelial Adherens Junctions Remodeling. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2661-2675. [PMID: 33942605 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial Cells (ECs) form cohesive cellular lining of the vasculature and play essential roles in both developmental processes and pathological conditions. Collective migration and proliferation of endothelial cells (ECs) are key processes underlying endothelialization of vessels as well as vascular graft, but the complex interplay of mechanical and biochemical signals regulating these processes are still not fully elucidated. While surface topography and biochemical modifications have been used to enhance endothelialization in vitro, thus far such single-modality modifications have met with limited success. As combination therapy that utilizes multiple modalities has shown improvement in addressing various intractable and complex biomedical conditions, here, we explore a combined strategy that utilizes topographical features in conjunction with pharmacological perturbations. We characterized EC behaviors in response to micrometer-scale grating topography in concert with pharmacological perturbations of endothelial adherens junctions (EAJ) regulators. We found that the protein tyrosine phosphatase, PTP1B, serves as a potent regulator of EAJ stability, with PTP1B inhibition synergizing with grating topographies to modulate EAJ rearrangement, thereby augmenting global EC monolayer sheet orientation, proliferation, connectivity, and collective cell migration. Our data delineates the crosstalk between cell-ECM topography sensing and cell-cell junction integrity maintenance and suggests that the combined use of grating topography and PTP1B inhibitor could be a promising strategy for promoting collective EC migration and proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azita Gorji
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Republic of Singapore.,Institut Curie, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, CNRS UMR168, Paris 75005, France
| | - Pearlyn Jia Ying Toh
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Republic of Singapore
| | - Hui Ting Ong
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Republic of Singapore
| | - Yi-Chin Toh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583 Republic of Singapore.,Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, 117599 Republic of Singapore.,The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, 117456, Republic of Singapore.,NUS Tissue Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, 117456, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yusuke Toyama
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Republic of Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117558, Republic of Singapore
| | - Pakorn Kanchanawong
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Republic of Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583 Republic of Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Role of Actin Cytoskeleton in E-cadherin-Based Cell–Cell Adhesion Assembly and Maintenance. J Indian Inst Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-020-00214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
11
|
The ER-embedded UBE2J1/RNF26 ubiquitylation complex exerts spatiotemporal control over the endolysosomal pathway. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108659. [PMID: 33472082 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The endolysosomal system fulfills a wide variety of cellular functions, many of which are modulated through interactions with other organelles. In particular, the ER exerts spatiotemporal constraints on the organization and motility of endosomes and lysosomes. We have recently described the ER transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF26 as a regulator of endolysosomal perinuclear positioning and transport dynamics. Here, we report that the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UBE2J1, also anchored in the ER membrane, partners with RNF26 in this context, and that the cellular activity of the resulting E2/E3 pair is localized in a perinuclear ER subdomain and supported by transmembrane interactions. Through modification of SQSTM1/p62 on lysine 435, the ER-embedded UBE2J1/RNF26 ubiquitylation complex recruits endosomal adaptors to immobilize their cognate vesicles in the perinuclear region of the cell. The resulting spatiotemporal compartmentalization promotes the trafficking of activated EGFR to lysosomes and facilitates the termination of EGF-induced AKT signaling.
Collapse
|
12
|
Korla PK, Chen CC, Gracilla DE, Lai MT, Chen CM, Chen HY, Hwang T, Chen SY, Sheu JJC. Somatic mutational landscapes of adherens junctions and their functional consequences in cutaneous melanoma development. Theranostics 2020; 10:12026-12043. [PMID: 33204327 PMCID: PMC7667680 DOI: 10.7150/thno.46705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell interaction in skin homeostasis is tightly controlled by adherens junctions (AJs). Alterations in such regulation lead to melanoma development. However, mutations in AJs and their functional consequences are still largely unknown. Methods: Cadherin mutations in skin cutaneous melanoma were identified using sequencing data from TCGA dataset, followed by cross-validation with data from non-TCGA cohorts. Mutations with significant occurrence were subjected to structural prediction using MODELLER and functional protein simulation using GROMACS software. Neo-antigen prediction was carried out using NetMHCpan tool. Cell-based fluorescence reporter assay was used to validate β-catenin activity in the presence of cadherin mutations. Clinical significance was analyzed using datasets from TCGA and other non-TCGA cohorts. Targeted gene exon sequencing and immunofluorescence staining on melanoma tissues were performed to confirm the in silico findings. Results: Highly frequent mutations in type-II classical cadherins were found in melanoma with one unique recurrent mutation (S524L) in the fifth domain of CDH6, which potentially destabilizes Ca2+-binding and cell-cell contacts. Mutational co-occurrence and physical dynamics analyses placed CDH6 at the center of the top-four mutated cadherins (core CDHs; all type-II), suggesting altered heterophilic interactions in melanoma development. Mutations in the intracellular domains significantly disturbed CDH6/β-catenin complex formation, resulting in β-catenin translocation into cytosol or nucleus and dysregulation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Although mutations in core CDH genes correlated with advanced cancer stages and lymph node invasion, the overall and disease-free survival times in those patients were longer in patients with wild-type. Peptide/MHC-I binding affinity predictions confirmed overall increased neo-antigen potentials of mutated cadherins, which associated with T-lymphocyte infiltration and better clinical outcomes after immunotherapy. Conclusion: Changes in cell-cell communications by somatic mutations in AJ cadherins function as one of mechanisms to trigger melanoma development. Certain mutations in AJs may serve as potential neo-antigens which conversely benefit patients for longer survival times.
Collapse
|
13
|
Park S, Shi Y, Kim BC, Jo MH, Cruz LO, Gou Z, Ha T, Lu LF, Reich DH, Chen Y. Force-dependent trans-endocytosis by breast cancer cells depletes costimulatory receptor CD80 and attenuates T cell activation. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 165:112389. [PMID: 32729511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the biophysical interaction between cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and CD80. CTLA-4 is a key molecule in immunosuppression, and CD80 is a costimulatory receptor promoting T cell activation. We observed that after cell-cell contact was established between breast cancer cells and antigen presenting cells (APCs), CTLA-4 expressed on the breast cancer cells bind to CD80 expressed on the APCs, and underwent trans-endocytosis to deplete CD80. Force measurement and live cell imaging revealed that upon binding to CD80, forces generated by breast cancer cells and transmitted via CTLA-4 were sufficiently strong to displace CD80 from the surface of APCs to be internalized by breast cancer cells. We further demonstrated that because of the force-dependent trans-endocytosis of CD80, the capacity of APCs to activate T cells was significantly attenuated. Furthermore, inhibiting force generation in cancer cells would increase the T cell activating capacity of APCs. Our results provide a possible mechanism behind the immunosuppression commonly seen in breast cancer patients, and may lead to a new strategy to restore anti-tumor immunity by inhibiting pathways of force-generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seungman Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, MD, 21218, USA; Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, MD, 21218, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Byoung Choul Kim
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Division of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, South Korea
| | - Myung Hyun Jo
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Leilani O Cruz
- Division of Biological Science, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Zheming Gou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Taekjip Ha
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Li-Fan Lu
- Division of Biological Science, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Daniel H Reich
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, MD, 21218, USA; Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, MD, 21218, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, MD, 21218, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pajic-Lijakovic I, Milivojevic M. Collective cell migration and residual stress accumulation: Rheological consideration. J Biomech 2020; 108:109898. [PMID: 32636009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Stress generation during collective cell migration represents one of the key factors which influence the configuration of migrating cells, viscoelasticity of multicellular systems and their inter-relation. Local generation of stress (normal and shear) is significant even in 2D. Normal stress is primarily accumulated within a core region of migrating cell clusters during their movement through the dense environment and during the collisions of migrating cell clusters caused by uncorrelated motility. Shear stress can be significant within perturbed boundary layers around migrating clusters. Cells are more sensitive to the action of shear stress compared with normal stress. Shear stress of a few Pa significantly influences cell state. Prior studies have shown that collectively migrating cells move in such a way to minimize this stress, but it has not yet been determined how cells effectively minimize it. Deeper insight into possible cell mechanisms for minimizing undesirable shear stress would be of great importance because it may help to direct morphogenesis, accelerate wound healing or prevent cancer invasion. In the proposed model three primary mechanisms in which cells may reduce shear are given: decreasing speed, tissue thickening, and/or reducing slip effects. Suggestions obtained from the proposed model indicate a need for further experimental studies that will reveal whether the heterogeneity in the cell-cell adhesion types correlates well with the stiffness inhomogeneity, or changes in the adhesion clustering, cytoskeletal linkage or some other modification to the adhesion complex (adherens junctions or tight junctions) are occurring to influence overall adhesive strength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Pajic-Lijakovic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade University, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milan Milivojevic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade University, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lynn KS, Peterson RJ, Koval M. Ruffles and spikes: Control of tight junction morphology and permeability by claudins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183339. [PMID: 32389670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial barrier function is regulated by a family of transmembrane proteins known as claudins. Functional tight junctions are formed when claudins interact with other transmembrane proteins, cytosolic scaffold proteins and the actin cytoskeleton. The predominant scaffold protein, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), directly binds to most claudin C-terminal domains, crosslinking them to the actin cytoskeleton. When imaged by immunofluorescence microscopy, tight junctions most frequently are linear structures that form between tricellular junctions. However, tight junctions also adapt non-linear architectures exhibiting either a ruffled or spiked morphology, which both are responses to changes in claudin engagement of actin filaments. Other terms for ruffled tight junctions include wavy, tortuous, undulating, serpentine or zig-zag junctions. Ruffling is under the control of hypoxia induced factor (HIF) and integrin-mediated signaling, as well as direct mechanical stimulation. Tight junction ruffling is specifically enhanced by claudin-2, antagonized by claudin-1 and requires claudin binding to ZO-1. Tight junction spikes are sites of active vesicle budding and fusion that appear as perpendicular projections oriented towards the nucleus. Spikes share molecular features with focal adherens junctions and tubulobulbar complexes found in Sertoli cells. Lung epithelial cells under stress form spikes due to an increase in claudin-5 expression that directly disrupts claudin-18/ZO-1 interactions. Together this suggests that claudins are not simply passive cargoes controlled by scaffold proteins. We propose a model where claudins specifically influence tight junction scaffold proteins to control interactions with the cytoskeleton as a mechanism that regulates tight junction assembly and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Sabrina Lynn
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Raven J Peterson
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Angulo-Urarte A, van der Wal T, Huveneers S. Cell-cell junctions as sensors and transducers of mechanical forces. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183316. [PMID: 32360073 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial and endothelial monolayers are multicellular sheets that form barriers between the 'outside' and 'inside' of tissues. Cell-cell junctions, made by adherens junctions, tight junctions and desmosomes, hold together these monolayers. They form intercellular contacts by binding their receptor counterparts on neighboring cells and anchoring these structures intracellularly to the cytoskeleton. During tissue development, maintenance and pathogenesis, monolayers encounter a range of mechanical forces from the cells themselves and from external systemic forces, such as blood pressure or tissue stiffness. The molecular landscape of cell-cell junctions is diverse, containing transmembrane proteins that form intercellular bonds and a variety of cytoplasmic proteins that remodel the junctional connection to the cytoskeleton. Many junction-associated proteins participate in mechanotransduction cascades to confer mechanical cues into cellular responses that allow monolayers to maintain their structural integrity. We will discuss force-dependent junctional molecular events and their role in cell-cell contact organization and remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Angulo-Urarte
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Location AMC, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tanne van der Wal
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Location AMC, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stephan Huveneers
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Location AMC, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rizzelli F, Malabarba MG, Sigismund S, Mapelli M. The crosstalk between microtubules, actin and membranes shapes cell division. Open Biol 2020; 10:190314. [PMID: 32183618 PMCID: PMC7125961 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitotic progression is orchestrated by morphological and mechanical changes promoted by the coordinated activities of the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton, the actin cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane (PM). MTs assemble the mitotic spindle, which assists sister chromatid separation, and contact the rigid and tensile actomyosin cortex rounded-up underneath the PM. Here, we highlight the dynamic crosstalk between MTs, actin and cell membranes during mitosis, and discuss the molecular connections between them. We also summarize recent views on how MT traction forces, the actomyosin cortex and membrane trafficking contribute to spindle positioning in isolated cells in culture and in epithelial sheets. Finally, we describe the emerging role of membrane trafficking in synchronizing actomyosin tension and cell shape changes with cell-substrate adhesion, cell-cell contacts and extracellular signalling events regulating proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Grazia Malabarba
- IEO, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Sigismund
- IEO, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhou X, Yang L, Fan X, Zhao X, Chang N, Yang L, Li L. Neutrophil Chemotaxis and NETosis in Murine Chronic Liver Injury via Cannabinoid Receptor 1/ Gα i/o/ ROS/ p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020373. [PMID: 32033504 PMCID: PMC7072548 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils play an essential role in the control of inflammatory diseases. However, whether cannabinoid receptors (CBs) play a role in neutrophil chemotaxis and NETosis in sterile liver inflammation remains unknown. The expression of marker genes on neutrophils was characterized by FACS, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and Western blot. The amount of neutrophils was significantly elevated from 7 days and reached the peak at 2 weeks in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-treated mouse liver. The mRNA expression of neutrophil marker Ly6G had positive correlation with CB1 and CB2 expression in injured liver. In vitro CBs were abundantly expressed in isolated neutrophils and CB1 agonist ACEA promoted the chemotaxis and cytoskeletal remodeling, which can be suppressed by CB1 antagonist AM281. Moreover, ACEA induced NETosis, myeloperoxidase release from lysosome and ROS burst, indicating neutrophil activation, via Gαi/o. Conversely, CB2 agonist JWH133 had no effect on neutrophil function. ROS and p38 MAPK signaling pathways were involved in CB1-mediated neutrophil function, and ROS was upstream of p38 MAPK. CB1 blockade in vivo significantly attenuated neutrophil infiltration and liver inflammation in CCl4-treated mice. Taken together, CB1 mediates neutrophil chemotaxis and NETosis via Gαi/o/ROS/p38 MAPK signaling pathway in liver inflammation, which represents an effective therapeutic strategy for liver diseases.
Collapse
|
19
|
Beldman T, Malinova TS, Desclos E, Grootemaat AE, Misiak ALS, van der Velden S, van Roomen CPAA, Beckers L, van Veen HA, Krawczyk PM, Hoebe RA, Sluimer JC, Neele AE, de Winther MPJ, van der Wel NN, Lutgens E, Mulder WJM, Huveneers S, Kluza E. Nanoparticle-Aided Characterization of Arterial Endothelial Architecture during Atherosclerosis Progression and Metabolic Therapy. ACS NANO 2019; 13:13759-13774. [PMID: 31268670 PMCID: PMC6933811 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b08875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is associated with a compromised endothelial barrier, facilitating the accumulation of immune cells and macromolecules in atherosclerotic lesions. In this study, we investigate endothelial barrier integrity and the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect during atherosclerosis progression and therapy in Apoe-/- mice using hyaluronan nanoparticles (HA-NPs). Utilizing ultrastructural and en face plaque imaging, we uncover a significantly decreased junction continuity in the atherosclerotic plaque-covering endothelium compared to the normal vessel wall, indicative of disrupted endothelial barrier. Intriguingly, the plaque advancement had a positive effect on junction stabilization, which correlated with a 3-fold lower accumulation of in vivo administrated HA-NPs in advanced plaques compared to early counterparts. Furthermore, by using super-resolution and correlative light and electron microscopy, we trace nanoparticles in the plaque microenvironment. We find nanoparticle-enriched endothelial junctions, containing 75% of detected HA-NPs, and a high HA-NP accumulation in the endothelium-underlying extracellular matrix, which suggest an endothelial junctional traffic of HA-NPs to the plague. Finally, we probe the EPR effect by HA-NPs in the context of metabolic therapy with a glycolysis inhibitor, 3PO, proposed as a vascular normalizing strategy. The observed trend of attenuated HA-NP uptake in aortas of 3PO-treated mice coincides with the endothelial silencing activity of 3PO, demonstrated in vitro. Interestingly, the therapy also reduced the plaque inflammatory burden, while activating macrophage metabolism. Our findings shed light on natural limitations of nanoparticle accumulation in atherosclerotic plaques and provide mechanistic insight into nanoparticle trafficking across the atherosclerotic endothelium. Furthermore, our data contribute to the rising field of endothelial barrier modulation in atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thijs
J. Beldman
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Tsveta S. Malinova
- Vascular
Microenvironment and Integrity, Department of Medical Biochemistry,
Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The
Netherlands
| | - Emilie Desclos
- Cellular
Imaging-Core Facility, Academic Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Anita E. Grootemaat
- Cellular
Imaging-Core Facility, Academic Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Aresh L. S. Misiak
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia van der Velden
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Cindy P. A. A. van Roomen
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Beckers
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Henk A. van Veen
- Cellular
Imaging-Core Facility, Academic Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Przemyslaw M. Krawczyk
- Department
of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University
Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A. Hoebe
- Cellular
Imaging-Core Facility, Academic Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Judith C. Sluimer
- Department
of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Annette E. Neele
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Menno P. J. de Winther
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians
University, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Nicole N. van der Wel
- Cellular
Imaging-Core Facility, Academic Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians
University, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Willem J. M. Mulder
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Translational
and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School
of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Stephan Huveneers
- Vascular
Microenvironment and Integrity, Department of Medical Biochemistry,
Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The
Netherlands
| | - Ewelina Kluza
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Biswas KH. Molecular Mobility-Mediated Regulation of E-Cadherin Adhesion. Trends Biochem Sci 2019; 45:163-173. [PMID: 31810601 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cells in epithelial tissues utilize homotypic E-cadherin interaction-mediated adhesions to both physically adhere to each other and sense the physical properties of their microenvironment, such as the presence of other cells in close vicinity or an alteration in the mechanical tension of the tissue. These position E-cadherin centrally in organogenesis and other processes, and its function is therefore tightly regulated through a variety of means including endocytosis and gene expression. How does membrane molecular mobility of E-cadherin, and thus membrane physical properties and associated actin cytoskeleton, impinges on the assembly of adhesive clusters and signaling is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kabir H Biswas
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Brezovjakova H, Tomlinson C, Mohd Naim N, Swiatlowska P, Erasmus JC, Huveneers S, Gorelik J, Bruche S, Braga VM. Junction Mapper is a novel computer vision tool to decipher cell-cell contact phenotypes. eLife 2019; 8:45413. [PMID: 31793877 PMCID: PMC7034980 DOI: 10.7554/elife.45413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stable cell–cell contacts underpin tissue architecture and organization. Quantification of junctions of mammalian epithelia requires laborious manual measurements that are a major roadblock for mechanistic studies. We designed Junction Mapper as an open access, semi-automated software that defines the status of adhesiveness via the simultaneous measurement of pre-defined parameters at cell–cell contacts. It identifies contacting interfaces and corners with minimal user input and quantifies length, area and intensity of junction markers. Its ability to measure fragmented junctions is unique. Importantly, junctions that considerably deviate from the contiguous staining and straight contact phenotype seen in epithelia are also successfully quantified (i.e. cardiomyocytes or endothelia). Distinct phenotypes of junction disruption can be clearly differentiated among various oncogenes, depletion of actin regulators or stimulation with other agents. Junction Mapper is thus a powerful, unbiased and highly applicable software for profiling cell–cell adhesion phenotypes and facilitate studies on junction dynamics in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Brezovjakova
- National Heart and Lung Institute, National Institutes of Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Tomlinson
- Bioinformatics Data Science Group, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Noor Mohd Naim
- National Heart and Lung Institute, National Institutes of Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela Swiatlowska
- National Heart and Lung Institute, National Institutes of Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer C Erasmus
- National Heart and Lung Institute, National Institutes of Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan Huveneers
- Department Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Julia Gorelik
- National Heart and Lung Institute, National Institutes of Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susann Bruche
- National Heart and Lung Institute, National Institutes of Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vania Mm Braga
- National Heart and Lung Institute, National Institutes of Health, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kostelnik KB, Barker A, Schultz C, Mitchell TP, Rajeeve V, White IJ, Aurrand-Lions M, Nourshargh S, Cutillas P, Nightingale TD. Dynamic trafficking and turnover of JAM-C is essential for endothelial cell migration. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000554. [PMID: 31790392 PMCID: PMC6907879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Junctional complexes between endothelial cells form a dynamic barrier that hinders passive diffusion of blood constituents into interstitial tissues. Remodelling of junctions is an essential process during leukocyte trafficking, vascular permeability, and angiogenesis. However, for many junctional proteins, the mechanisms of junctional remodelling have yet to be determined. Here, we used receptor mutagenesis, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and ascorbate peroxidase 2 (APEX-2) proximity labelling, alongside light and electron microscopy (EM), to map the intracellular trafficking routes of junctional adhesion molecule-C (JAM-C). We found that JAM-C cotraffics with receptors associated with changes in permeability such as vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-Cadherin) and neuropilin (NRP)-1 and 2, but not with junctional proteins associated with the transmigration of leukocytes. Dynamic JAM-C trafficking and degradation are necessary for junctional remodelling during cell migration and angiogenesis. By identifying new potential trafficking machinery, we show that a key point of regulation is the ubiquitylation of JAM-C by the E3 ligase Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (CBL), which controls the rate of trafficking versus lysosomal degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja B. Kostelnik
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Barker
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Schultz
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Tom P. Mitchell
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Vinothini Rajeeve
- Cell Signalling & Proteomics Group, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian J. White
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michel Aurrand-Lions
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Sussan Nourshargh
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro Cutillas
- Cell Signalling & Proteomics Group, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas D. Nightingale
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Vasan R, Maleckar MM, Williams CD, Rangamani P. DLITE Uses Cell-Cell Interface Movement to Better Infer Cell-Cell Tensions. Biophys J 2019; 117:1714-1727. [PMID: 31648791 PMCID: PMC6838938 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell shapes and connectivities evolve over time as the colony changes shape or embryos develop. Shapes of intercellular interfaces are closely coupled with the forces resulting from actomyosin interactions, membrane tension, or cell-cell adhesions. Although it is possible to computationally infer cell-cell forces from a mechanical model of collective cell behavior, doing so for temporally evolving forces in a manner robust to digitization difficulties is challenging. Here, we introduce a method for dynamic local intercellular tension estimation (DLITE) that infers such evolution in temporal force with less sensitivity to digitization ambiguities or errors. This method builds upon previous work on single time points (cellular force-inference toolkit). We validate our method using synthetic geometries. DLITE's inferred cell colony tension evolutions correlate better with ground truth for these synthetic geometries as compared to tension values inferred from methods that consider each time point in isolation. We introduce cell connectivity errors, angle estimate errors, connection mislocalization, and connection topological changes to synthetic data and show that DLITE has reduced sensitivity to these conditions. Finally, we apply DLITE to time series of human-induced pluripotent stem cell colonies with endogenously expressed GFP-tagged zonulae occludentes-1. We show that DLITE offers improved stability in the inference of cell-cell tensions and supports a correlation between the dynamics of cell-cell forces and colony rearrangement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritvik Vasan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | | | | | - Padmini Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jin J, Bakker AD, Wu G, Klein-Nulend J, Jaspers RT. Physicochemical Niche Conditions and Mechanosensing by Osteocytes and Myocytes. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2019; 17:235-249. [PMID: 31428977 PMCID: PMC6817749 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-019-00522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bone and muscle mass increase in response to mechanical loading and biochemical cues. Bone-forming osteoblasts differentiate into early osteocytes which ultimately mature into late osteocytes encapsulated in stiff calcified matrix. Increased muscle mass originates from muscle stem cells (MuSCs) enclosed between their plasma membrane and basal lamina. Stem cell fate and function are strongly determined by physical and chemical properties of their microenvironment, i.e., the cell niche. RECENT FINDINGS The cellular niche is a three-dimensional structure consisting of extracellular matrix components, signaling molecules, and/or other cells. Via mechanical interaction with their niche, osteocytes and MuSCs are subjected to mechanical loads causing deformations of membrane, cytoskeleton, and/or nucleus, which elicit biochemical responses and secretion of signaling molecules into the niche. The latter may modulate metabolism, morphology, and mechanosensitivity of the secreting cells, or signal to neighboring cells and cells at a distance. Little is known about how mechanical loading of bone and muscle tissue affects osteocytes and MuSCs within their niches. This review provides an overview of physicochemical niche conditions of (early) osteocytes and MuSCs and how these are sensed and determine cell fate and function. Moreover, we discuss how state-of-the-art imaging techniques may enhance our understanding of these conditions and mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Jin
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid D Bakker
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenneke Klein-Nulend
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard T Jaspers
- Laboratory for Myology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Niño CA, Sala S, Polo S. When ubiquitin meets E-cadherin: Plasticity of the epithelial cellular barrier. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 93:136-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
26
|
Abstract
Mechanical forces drive the remodeling of tissues during morphogenesis. This relies on the transmission of forces between cells by cadherin-based adherens junctions, which couple the force-generating actomyosin cytoskeletons of neighboring cells. Moreover, components of cadherin adhesions adopt force-dependent conformations that induce changes in the composition of adherens junctions, enabling transduction of mechanical forces into an intracellular response. Cadherin mechanotransduction can mediate reinforcement of cell–cell adhesions to withstand forces but also induce biochemical signaling to regulate cell behavior or direct remodeling of cell–cell adhesions to enable cell rearrangements. By transmission and transduction of mechanical forces, cadherin adhesions coordinate cellular behaviors underlying morphogenetic processes of collective cell migration, cell division, and cell intercalation. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of this central role of cadherin adhesions in force-dependent regulation of morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Willem-Jan Pannekoek
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan de Rooij
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Gloerich
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
Abstract
For over a century, the centrosome has been an organelle more easily tracked than understood, and the study of its peregrinations within the cell remains a chief underpinning of its functional investigation. Increasing attention and new approaches have been brought to bear on mechanisms that control centrosome localization in the context of cleavage plane determination, ciliogenesis, directional migration, and immunological synapse formation, among other cellular and developmental processes. The Golgi complex, often linked with the centrosome, presents a contrasting case of a pleiomorphic organelle for which functional studies advanced somewhat more rapidly than positional tracking. However, Golgi orientation and distribution has emerged as an area of considerable interest with respect to polarized cellular function. This chapter will review our current understanding of the mechanism and significance of the positioning of these organelles.
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
PIEZOs are mechanically activated cation channels. Recently, loss-of-function mutations of human PIEZO1 were found among patients with familial lymphedema, suggesting a requirement of PIEZO1 in the lymphatic system. In this paper, utilizing mouse models lacking PIEZO1 in endothelial cells, we show that this ion channel is required for the formation of lymphatic valves, a key structure for proper circulation of lymph in the body. The requirement of PIEZO1 in valve formation provides mechanistic insight on how PIEZO1 variants cause lymphatic dysfunction in patients. This study also extends the relevance of PIEZOs beyond acute signaling molecules (e.g., touch sensation) and highlights the importance of these ion channels in controlling morphological/structural specification during development. PIEZO1 is a cation channel that is activated by mechanical forces such as fluid shear stress or membrane stretch. PIEZO1 loss-of-function mutations in patients are associated with congenital lymphedema with pleural effusion. However, the mechanistic link between PIEZO1 function and the development or function of the lymphatic system is currently unknown. Here, we analyzed two mouse lines lacking PIEZO1 in endothelial cells (via Tie2Cre or Lyve1Cre) and found that they exhibited pleural effusion and died postnatally. Strikingly, the number of lymphatic valves was dramatically reduced in these mice. Lymphatic valves are essential for ensuring proper circulation of lymph. Mechanical forces have been implicated in the development of lymphatic vasculature and valve formation, but the identity of mechanosensors involved is unknown. Expression of FOXC2 and NFATc1, transcription factors known to be required for lymphatic valve development, appeared normal in Tie2Cre;Piezo1cKO mice. However, the process of protrusion in the valve leaflets, which is associated with collective cell migration, actin polymerization, and remodeling of cell–cell junctions, was impaired in Tie2Cre;Piezo1cKO mice. Consistent with these genetic findings, activation of PIEZO1 by Yoda1 in cultured lymphatic endothelial cells induced active remodeling of actomyosin and VE-cadherin+ cell–cell adhesion sites. Our analysis provides evidence that mechanically activated ion channel PIEZO1 is a key regulator of lymphatic valve formation.
Collapse
|
30
|
Tang VW. Cell-cell adhesion interface: orthogonal and parallel forces from contraction, protrusion, and retraction. F1000Res 2018; 7. [PMID: 30345009 PMCID: PMC6173117 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.15860.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial lateral membrane plays a central role in the integration of intercellular signals and, by doing so, is a principal determinant in the emerging properties of epithelial tissues. Mechanical force, when applied to the lateral cell-cell interface, can modulate the strength of adhesion and influence intercellular dynamics. Yet the relationship between mechanical force and epithelial cell behavior is complex and not completely understood. This commentary aims to provide an investigative look at the usage of cellular forces at the epithelial cell-cell adhesion interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian W Tang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Recent Advances in Nanocomposites Based on Aliphatic Polyesters: Design, Synthesis, and Applications in Regenerative Medicine. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8091452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, biopolymer matrices reinforced with nanofillers have attracted great research efforts thanks to the synergistic characteristics derived from the combination of these two components. In this framework, this review focuses on the fundamental principles and recent progress in the field of aliphatic polyester-based nanocomposites for regenerative medicine applications. Traditional and emerging polymer nanocomposites are described in terms of polymer matrix properties and synthesis methods, used nanofillers, and nanocomposite processing and properties. Special attention has been paid to the most recent nanocomposite systems developed by combining alternative copolymerization strategies with specific nanoparticles. Thermal, electrical, biodegradation, and surface properties have been illustrated and correlated with the nanoparticle kind, content, and shape. Finally, cell-polymer (nanocomposite) interactions have been described by reviewing analysis methodologies such as primary and stem cell viability, adhesion, morphology, and differentiation processes.
Collapse
|
32
|
Regulation of Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function by Long Noncoding RNA uc.173 through Interaction with MicroRNA 29b. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:MCB.00010-18. [PMID: 29632078 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00010-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian intestinal epithelium establishes a selectively permeable barrier that supports nutrient absorption and prevents intrusion by noxious luminal substances and microbiota. The effectiveness and integrity of the barrier function are tightly regulated via well-controlled mechanisms. Long noncoding RNAs transcribed from ultraconserved regions (T-UCRs) control diverse cellular processes, but their roles in the regulation of gut permeability remain largely unknown. Here we report that the T-UCR uc.173 enhances intestinal epithelial barrier function by antagonizing microRNA 29b (miR-29b). Decreasing the levels of uc.173 by gene silencing led to dysfunction of the intestinal epithelial barrier in cultured cells and increased the vulnerability of the gut barrier to septic stress in mice. uc.173 specifically stimulated translation of the tight junction (TJ) claudin-1 (CLDN1) by associating with miR-29b rather than by binding directly to CLDN1 mRNA. uc.173 acted as a natural decoy RNA for miR-29b, which interacts with CLDN1 mRNA via the 3' untranslated region and represses its translation. Ectopically expressed uc.173 abolished the association of miR-29b with CLDN1 mRNA and restored claudin-1 expression to normal levels in cells overexpressing miR-29b, thus rescuing the barrier function. These results highlight a novel function of uc.173 in controlling gut permeability and define a mechanism by which uc.173 stimulates claudin-1 translation, by decreasing the availability of miR-29b to CLDN1 mRNA.
Collapse
|
33
|
Liu C, Kawana M, Song D, Ruppel KM, Spudich JA. Controlling load-dependent kinetics of β-cardiac myosin at the single-molecule level. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2018; 25:505-514. [PMID: 29867217 PMCID: PMC6092189 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-018-0069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Concepts in molecular tension sensing in biology are growing and have their origins in studies of muscle contraction. In the heart muscle, a key parameter of contractility is the detachment rate of myosin from actin, which determines the time that myosin is bound to actin in a force-producing state and, importantly, depends on the load (force) against which myosin works. Here we measure the detachment rate of single molecules of human β-cardiac myosin and its load dependence. We find that both can be modulated by both small-molecule compounds and cardiomyopathy-causing mutations. Furthermore, effects of mutations can be reversed by introducing appropriate compounds. Our results suggest that activating versus inhibitory perturbations of cardiac myosin are discriminated by the aggregate result on duty ratio, average force, and ultimately average power output and suggest that cardiac contractility can be controlled by tuning the load-dependent kinetics of single myosin molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Masataka Kawana
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dan Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen M Ruppel
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James A Spudich
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yi S, Wang XH, Xing LY. Transcriptome analysis of adherens junction pathway-related genes after peripheral nerve injury. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:1804-1810. [PMID: 30136696 PMCID: PMC6128067 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.237127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The neural regeneration process is driven by a wide range of molecules and pathways. Adherens junctions are critical cellular junctions for the integrity of peripheral nerves. However, few studies have systematically characterized the transcript changes in the adherens junction pathway following injury. In this study, a rat model of sciatic nerve crush injury was established by forceps. Deep sequencing data were analyzed using comprehensive transcriptome analysis at 0, 1, 4, 7, and 14 days after injury. Results showed that most individual molecules in the adherens junctions were either upregulated or downregulated after nerve injury. The mRNA expression of ARPC1B, ARPC3, TUBA8, TUBA1C, CTNNA2, ACTN3, MET, HGF, NME1 and ARF6, which are involved in the adherens junction pathway and in remodeling of adherens junctions, was analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Most of these genes were upregulated in the sciatic nerve stump following peripheral nerve injury, except for CTNNA2, which was downregulated. Our findings reveal the dynamic changes of key molecules in adherens junctions and in remodeling of adherens junctions. These key genes provide a reference for the selection of clinical therapeutic targets for peripheral nerve injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yi
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xing-Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ling-Yan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|