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Xia KR, Zhang XY, Zhang HQ, Su KL, Shang EX, Xiao QL, Li WW, Guo S, Duan JA, Liu P. Network pharmacology analysis and experimental verification of the antithrombotic active compounds of trichosanthis pericarpium (Gualoupi) in treating coronary heart disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 329:118158. [PMID: 38614263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Trichosanthis pericarpium (TP; Gualoupi, pericarps of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim) has been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to reduce heat, resolve phlegm, promote Qi, and clear chest congestion. It is also an essential herbal ingredient in the "Gualou Xiebai" formula first recorded by Zhang Zhongjing (from the Eastern Han Dynasty) in the famous TCM classic "Jin-Guì-Yào-Lüe" for treating chest impediments. According to its traditional description, Gualou Xiebai is indicated for symptoms of chest impediments, which correspond to coronary heart diseases (CHD). AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to identify the antithrombotic compounds in Gualoupi for the treatment of CHD. MATERIALS AND METHODS A CHD rat model was established with a combination of high-fat diet and isoproterenol hydrochloride (ISO) administration via subcutaneous multi-point injection in the back of the neck. This model was used to evaluate the antithrombotic effect of two mainstream cultivars of TP ("HaiShi GuaLou" and "WanLou") by analyzing the main components and their effects. Network pharmacology, molecular docking-based studies, and a zebrafish (Danio rerio) thrombosis model induced by phenylhydrazine was used to validate the antithrombosis components of TP. RESULTS TP significantly reduced the body weight of the CHD rats, improved myocardial ischemia, and reduced collagen deposition and fibrosis around the infarcted tissue. It reduced thrombosis in a dose-dependent manner and significantly reduced inflammation and oxidative stress damage. Cynaroside, isoquercitrin, rutin, citrulline, and arginine were identified as candidate active TP compounds with antithrombotic effects. The key potential targets of TP in thrombosis treatment were initially identified by molecular docking-based analysis, which showed that the candidate active compounds have a strong binding affinity to the potential targets (protein kinase C alpha type [PKCα], protein kinase C beta type [PKCβ], von Willebrand factor [vWF], and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 [PTGS1], fibrinogen alpha [Fga], fibrinogen beta [Fgb], fibrinogen gamma [Fgg], coagulation factor II [F2], and coagulation factor VII [F7]). In addition, the candidate active compounds reduced thrombosis, improved oxidative stress damage, and down-regulated the expression of thrombosis-related genes (PKCα, PKCβ, vWF, PTGS1, Fga, Fgb, Fgg, F2, and F7) in the zebrafish model. CONCLUSION Cynaroside, isoquercitrin, rutin, citrulline, and arginine were identified as the active antithrombotic compounds of TP used to treat CHD. Mechanistically, the active compounds were found to be involved in oxidative stress injury, platelet activation pathway, and complement and coagulation cascade pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Rou Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Huang-Qin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China.
| | - Ke-Lei Su
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Er-Xin Shang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qing-Ling Xiao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Wei-Wen Li
- Institute of Horticulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Sheng Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Huang Y, Gu W, Qin Z, Jin Y. Bromuconazole exposure induces cardiac dysfunction by upregulating the expression LEF1. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 933:173113. [PMID: 38735319 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
With the wide application of bromuconazole (BRO), a kind of triazole fungicide, the environmental problems caused by BRO have been paid more and more attention. In this study, adult male zebrafish were exposed to environmental related concentration and the maximum non-lethal concentration for zebrafish larvae (0,50 ng/L and 7.5 mg/L) for 7 days, respectively. Zebrafish exposed to BRO exhibited a significant reduction in body length and an increase in fatness index, indicating adverse physiological changes. Notably, the exposed zebrafish showed enlarged heart ventricular volumes and thinner heart walls. Transcriptome analysis of heart samples showed that BRO exposure mainly affected pathways related to cardiac energy metabolism. In addition, the amount of ATP in the heart tissue was correspondingly reduced, and the expression levels of genes related to controlling ion balance and myosin synthesis in the heart were also altered. The study extended its findings to the rat cardiomyocytes (H9C2), where similar cardiotoxic effects including changes in transcription of genes related to energy metabolism and heart function were also observed, suggesting a potential universal mechanism of BRO-induced cardiotoxicity. In a doxorubicin (DOX) induced larval zebrafish heart failure model, the expression of lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1(LEF1), a key gene in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, was significantly increased in larval zebrafish and adult fish heart tissues and cardiomyocytes, suggesting that LEF1 might play an important role in BRO-induced cardiotoxicity. Taken together, BRO exposure could interfere with cardiac function and metabolic capacity by abnormal activation the expression of LEF1. The study emphasized the urgent need for monitoring and regulating BRO due to its harmful effects on the hearts of aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Huang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Weijie Gu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhen Qin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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Xin S, Zhang M, Li P, Wang L, Zhang X, Zhang S, Mu Z, Lin H, Li X, Liu K. Marine-Fungus-Derived Natural Compound 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid Induces Autophagy to Exert Antithrombotic Effects in Zebrafish. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:148. [PMID: 38667765 PMCID: PMC11051058 DOI: 10.3390/md22040148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine natural products are important sources of novel drugs. In this study, we isolated 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (HPA) from the marine-derived fungus Emericellopsis maritima Y39-2. The antithrombotic activity and mechanism of HPA were reported for the first time. Using a zebrafish model, we found that HPA had a strong antithrombotic activity because it can significantly increase cardiac erythrocytes, blood flow velocity, and heart rate, reduce caudal thrombus, and reverse the inflammatory response caused by Arachidonic Acid (AA). Further transcriptome analysis and qRT-PCR validation demonstrated that HPA may regulate autophagy by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway to exert antithrombotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoshuai Xin
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China; (S.X.); (P.L.); (L.W.); (X.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongye North Road, Jinan 250100, China;
| | - Peihai Li
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China; (S.X.); (P.L.); (L.W.); (X.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China; (S.X.); (P.L.); (L.W.); (X.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Xuanming Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China; (S.X.); (P.L.); (L.W.); (X.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China; (S.X.); (P.L.); (L.W.); (X.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Zhenqiang Mu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of High Active Traditional Chinese Medicine Delivery System & Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 410331, China;
| | - Houwen Lin
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China;
| | - Xiaobin Li
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China; (S.X.); (P.L.); (L.W.); (X.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Kechun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China; (S.X.); (P.L.); (L.W.); (X.Z.); (S.Z.)
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Verma SK, Nandi A, Sinha A, Patel P, Mohanty S, Jha E, Jena S, Kumari P, Ghosh A, Jerman I, Chouhan RS, Dutt A, Samal SK, Mishra YK, Varma RS, Panda PK, Kaushik NK, Singh D, Suar M. The posterity of Zebrafish in paradigm of in vivo molecular toxicological profiling. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116160. [PMID: 38237351 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The aggrandised advancement in utility of advanced day-to-day materials and nanomaterials has raised serious concern on their biocompatibility with human and other biotic members. In last few decades, understanding of toxicity of these materials has been given the centre stage of research using many in vitro and in vivo models. Zebrafish (Danio rerio), a freshwater fish and a member of the minnow family has garnered much attention due to its distinct features, which make it an important and frequently used animal model in various fields of embryology and toxicological studies. Given that fertilization and development of zebrafish eggs take place externally, they serve as an excellent model organism for studying early developmental stages. Moreover, zebrafish possess a comparable genetic composition to humans and share almost 70% of their genes with mammals. This particular model organism has become increasingly popular, especially for developmental research. Moreover, it serves as a link between in vitro studies and in vivo analysis in mammals. It is an appealing choice for vertebrate research, when employing high-throughput methods, due to their small size, swift development, and relatively affordable laboratory setup. This small vertebrate has enhanced comprehension of pathobiology and drug toxicity. This review emphasizes on the recent developments in toxicity screening and assays, and the new insights gained about the toxicity of drugs through these assays. Specifically, the cardio, neural, and, hepatic toxicology studies inferred by applications of nanoparticles have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh K Verma
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India.
| | - Aditya Nandi
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Adrija Sinha
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Paritosh Patel
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India; Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, 01897, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Ealisha Jha
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Snehasmita Jena
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Puja Kumari
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno 61137, Czech Republic
| | - Aishee Ghosh
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Ivan Jerman
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Raghuraj Singh Chouhan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ateet Dutt
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, UNAM, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Shailesh Kumar Samal
- Unit of Immunology and Chronic Disease, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, Sønderborg DK-6400, Denmark
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CxI), Technical University of Liberec (TUL), Studentská 1402/2, Liberec 1 461 17, Czech Republic
| | - Pritam Kumar Panda
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, 01897, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Deobrat Singh
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India.
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Marelli F, Ernst A, Mercader N, Liebling M. PAAQ: Paired Alternating AcQuisitions for virtual high frame rate multichannel cardiac fluorescence microscopy. BIOLOGICAL IMAGING 2023; 3:e20. [PMID: 38510170 PMCID: PMC10951931 DOI: 10.1017/s2633903x23000223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
In vivo fluorescence microscopy is a powerful tool to image the beating heart in its early development stages. A high acquisition frame rate is necessary to study its fast contractions, but the limited fluorescence intensity requires sensitive cameras that are often too slow. Moreover, the problem is even more complex when imaging distinct tissues in the same sample using different fluorophores. We present Paired Alternating AcQuisitions, a method to image cyclic processes in multiple channels, which requires only a single (possibly slow) camera. We generate variable temporal illumination patterns in each frame, alternating between channel-specific illuminations (fluorescence) in odd frames and a motion-encoding brightfield pattern as a common reference in even frames. Starting from the image pairs, we find the position of each reference frame in the cardiac cycle through a combination of image-based sorting and regularized curve fitting. Thanks to these estimated reference positions, we assemble multichannel videos whose frame rate is virtually increased. We characterize our method on synthetic and experimental images collected in zebrafish embryos, showing quantitative and visual improvements in the reconstructed videos over existing nongated sorting-based alternatives. Using a 15 Hz camera, we showcase a reconstructed video containing two fluorescence channels at 100 fps.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Marelli
- Computational Bioimaging, Idiap Research Institute, Martigny, Switzerland
- Electrical Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Nadia Mercader
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Liebling
- Computational Bioimaging, Idiap Research Institute, Martigny, Switzerland
- Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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Liu X, Ni Y, Wang D, Ye S, Yang M, Sun X, Leung AYH, Li R. Unraveling the whole genome DNA methylation profile of zebrafish kidney marrow by Oxford Nanopore sequencing. Sci Data 2023; 10:532. [PMID: 37563176 PMCID: PMC10415270 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish is a widely used model organism for investigating human diseases, including hematopoietic disorders. However, a comprehensive methylation baseline for zebrafish primary hematopoietic organ, the kidney marrow (KM), is still lacking. We employed Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing to profile DNA methylation in zebrafish KM by generating four KM datasets, with two groups based on the presence or absence of red blood cells. Our findings revealed that blood contamination in the KM samples reduced read quality and altered methylation patterns. Compared with whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS), the ONT-based methylation profiling can cover more CpG sites (92.4% vs 70%-80%), and exhibit less GC bias with more even genomic coverage. And the ONT methylation calling results showed a high correlation with WGBS results when using shared sites. This study establishes a comprehensive methylation profile for zebrafish KM, paving the way for further investigations into epigenetic regulation and the development of targeted therapies for hematopoietic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Ni
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Division of Haematology, Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Silin Ye
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuan Sun
- Division of Haematology, Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- ZeBlast Technology Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anskar Yu Hung Leung
- Division of Haematology, Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- ZeBlast Technology Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Runsheng Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.
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Zhu X, Wang C, Duan X, Liang B, Genbo Xu E, Huang Z. Micro- and nanoplastics: A new cardiovascular risk factor? ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 171:107662. [PMID: 36473237 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) is inevitable due to their omnipresence in the environment. A growing body of studies has advanced our understanding of the potential toxicity of MNPs but knowledge gaps still exist regarding the adverse effects of MNPs on the cardiovascular system and underlying mechanisms, particularly in humans. Here, we reviewed up-to-date data published in the past 10 years on MNP-driven cardiovascular toxicity and mechanisms. Forty-six articles concerning ADME (absorption, distribution, and aggregation behaviors) and toxicity of MNPs in the circulatory system of animals and human cells were analyzed and summarized. The results showed that MNPs affected cardiac functions and caused toxicity on (micro)vascular sites. Direct cardiac toxicity of MNPs included abnormal heart rate, cardiac function impairment, pericardial edema, and myocardial fibrosis. On (micro)vascular sites, MNPs induced hemolysis, thrombosis, blood coagulation, and vascular endothelial damage. The main mechanisms included oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, pyroptosis, and interaction between MNPs and multiple cellular components. Cardiovascular toxicity was determined by the properties (type, size, surface, and structure) of MNPs, exposure dose and duration, protein presence, the life stage, sex, and species of the tested organisms, as well as the interaction with other environmental contamination. The limited quantitative information on MNPs' ADME and the lack of guidelines for MNP cardiotoxicity testing makes risk assessment on cardiac health impossible. Furthermore, the future directions of cardiovascular research on MNPs are recommended to enable more realistic health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Zhu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chuanxuan Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaoyu Duan
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Boxuan Liang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Elvis Genbo Xu
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark.
| | - Zhenlie Huang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Zou D, Qin J, Hu W, Wei Z, Zhan Y, He Y, Zhao C, Li L. Macrophages Rapidly Seal off the Punctured Zebrafish Larval Brain through a Vital Honeycomb Network Structure. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810551. [PMID: 36142462 PMCID: PMC9503817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that macrophages play additional important roles in tissue damage besides their typical phagocytosis. Although the aggregation of macrophages on injured sites has long been observed, few researchers have focused on the role of the overall structure of macrophage aggregation. In this study, we developed a standardized traumatic brain injury (TBI) model in zebrafish larvae to mimic edema and brain tissue spillage symptoms after severe brain trauma. Using time-lapse imaging, we showed that macrophages/microglia in zebrafish larvae responded rapidly and dominated the surface of injured tissue, forming a meaningful honeycomb network structure through their compact aggregation and connection. Disrupting this structure led to fatal edema-like symptoms with severe loss of brain tissue. Using the RNA-Seq, together with the manipulation of in vitro cell lines, we found that collagen IV was indispensable to the formation of honeycomb network structures. Our study thus revealed a novel perspective regarding macrophages forming a protective compact structure with collagen IV. This honeycomb network structure acted as a physical barrier to prevent tissue loss and maintain brain homeostasis after TBI. This study may provide new evidence of macrophages’ function for the rapid protection of brain tissue after brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jie Qin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wenlong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zongfang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yandong Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuepeng He
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Congjian Zhao
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Medical Electronics and Information Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Li Li
- Research Center of Stem Cells and Ageing, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
- Correspondence:
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Kugler EC, Rampun A, Chico TJA, Armitage PA. Analytical Approaches for the Segmentation of the Zebrafish Brain Vasculature. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e443. [PMID: 35617469 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
With advancements in imaging techniques, data visualization allows new insights into fundamental biological processes of development and disease. However, although biomedical science is heavily reliant on imaging data, interpretation of datasets is still often based on subjective visual assessment rather than rigorous quantitation. This overview presents steps to validate image processing and segmentation using the zebrafish brain vasculature data acquired with light sheet fluorescence microscopy as a use case. Blood vessels are of particular interest to both medical and biomedical science. Specific image enhancement filters have been developed that enhance blood vessels in imaging data prior to segmentation. Using the Sato enhancement filter as an example, we discuss how filter application can be evaluated and optimized. Approaches from the medical field such as simulated, experimental, and augmented datasets can be used to gain the most out of the data at hand. Using such datasets, we provide an overview of how biologists and data analysts can assess the accuracy, sensitivity, and robustness of their segmentation approaches that allow extraction of objects from images. Importantly, even after optimization and testing of a segmentation workflow (e.g., from a particular reporter line to another or between immunostaining processes), its generalizability is often limited, and this can be tested using double-transgenic reporter lines. Lastly, due to the increasing importance of deep learning networks, a comparative approach can be adopted to study their applicability to biological datasets. In summary, we present a broad methodological overview ranging from image enhancement to segmentation with a mixed approach of experimental, simulated, and augmented datasets to assess and validate vascular segmentation using the zebrafish brain vasculature as an example. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. HIGHLIGHTS: Simulated, experimental, and augmented datasets provide an alternative to overcome the lack of segmentation gold standards and phantom models for zebrafish cerebrovascular segmentation. Direct generalization of a segmentation approach to the data for which it was not optimized (e.g., different transgenics or antibody stainings) should be treated with caution. Comparison of different deep learning segmentation methods can be used to assess their applicability to data. Here, we show that the zebrafish cerebral vasculature can be segmented with U-Net-based architectures, which outperform SegNet architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth C Kugler
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, Greater London.,Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Andrik Rampun
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J A Chico
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Armitage
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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10
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Zebrafish as a Model to Study Vascular Elastic Fibers and Associated Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042102. [PMID: 35216218 PMCID: PMC8875079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many extensible tissues such as skin, lungs, and blood vessels require elasticity to function properly. The recoil of elastic energy stored during a stretching phase is provided by elastic fibers, which are mostly composed of elastin and fibrillin-rich microfibrils. In arteries, the lack of elastic fibers leads to a weakening of the vessel wall with an increased risk to develop cardiovascular defects such as stenosis, aneurysms, and dissections. The development of new therapeutic molecules involves preliminary tests in animal models that recapitulate the disease and whose response to drugs should be as close as possible to that of humans. Due to its superior in vivo imaging possibilities and the broad tool kit for forward and reverse genetics, the zebrafish has become an important model organism to study human pathologies. Moreover, it is particularly adapted to large scale studies, making it an attractive model in particular for the first steps of investigations. In this review, we discuss the relevance of the zebrafish model for the study of elastic fiber-related vascular pathologies. We evidence zebrafish as a compelling alternative to conventional mouse models.
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11
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Kugler EC, Frost J, Silva V, Plant K, Chhabria K, Chico TJA, Armitage PA. Zebrafish vascular quantification: a tool for quantification of three-dimensional zebrafish cerebrovascular architecture by automated image analysis. Development 2022; 149:273928. [PMID: 35005771 PMCID: PMC8918806 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish transgenic lines and light sheet fluorescence microscopy allow in-depth insights into three-dimensional vascular development in vivo. However, quantification of the zebrafish cerebral vasculature in 3D remains highly challenging. Here, we describe and test an image analysis workflow for 3D quantification of the total or regional zebrafish brain vasculature, called zebrafish vasculature quantification (ZVQ). It provides the first landmark- or object-based vascular inter-sample registration of the zebrafish cerebral vasculature, producing population average maps allowing rapid assessment of intra- and inter-group vascular anatomy. ZVQ also extracts a range of quantitative vascular parameters from a user-specified region of interest, including volume, surface area, density, branching points, length, radius and complexity. Application of ZVQ to 13 experimental conditions, including embryonic development, pharmacological manipulations and morpholino-induced gene knockdown, shows that ZVQ is robust, allows extraction of biologically relevant information and quantification of vascular alteration, and can provide novel insights into vascular biology. To allow dissemination, the code for quantification, a graphical user interface and workflow documentation are provided. Together, ZVQ provides the first open-source quantitative approach to assess the 3D cerebrovascular architecture in zebrafish. Summary: An image analysis workflow pipeline for 3D quantification of the total or regional zebrafish brain vasculature, called zebrafish vasculature quantification or ZVQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth C Kugler
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.,The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.,Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - James Frost
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.,Hull York Medical School, John Hughlings Jackson Building, University Road, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Vishmi Silva
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Karen Plant
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.,The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Karishma Chhabria
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.,The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Tim J A Chico
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.,The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.,Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Paul A Armitage
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.,Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
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12
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Effect of Water-Pipe Smoking on the Normal Development of Zebrafish. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111659. [PMID: 34770174 PMCID: PMC8582815 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Among all types of tobacco consumption, Water-Pipe Smoking (WPS) is the most widely used in the Middle East and second-most in several other countries. The effect of WPS on normal development is not yet fully understood, thus the aim of this study is to explore the acute toxicity effects of WPS extract on zebrafish larvae. Methods: In this study, we compared the effects of WPS smoke condensates at concentrations varying from 50 to 200 µg/mL on developmental, cardiac, and behavioural (neurotoxicity) functions. Gene expression patterns of cardiac biomarkers were also evaluated by RT-qPCR. Results: Exposing zebrafish embryos to 50, 100, 150 and 200 µg/mL WPS for three days did not affect the normal morphology of Zebrafish embryos, as the tail flicking, behavioural and locomotion assays did not show any change. However, WPS deregulated cardiac markers including atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP/NPPA) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP/NPPB). Furthermore, it induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that WPS can significantly affect specific cardiac parameters during the normal development of zebrafish. Further investigations are necessary to elucidate the pathogenic outcome of WPS on different aspects of human life, including pregnancy.
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13
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Boonruangkan J, Farrokhi H, Rohith TM, Kwok S, Carney TJ, Su PC, Kim YJ. Label-free quantitative measurement of cardiovascular dynamics in a zebrafish embryo using frequency-comb-referenced-quantitative phase imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-210182RR. [PMID: 34773396 PMCID: PMC8589177 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.11.116004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Real-time monitoring of the heart rate and blood flow is crucial for studying cardiovascular dysfunction, which leads to cardiovascular diseases. AIM This study aims at in-depth understanding of high-speed cardiovascular dynamics in a zebrafish embryo model for various biomedical applications via frequency-comb-referenced quantitative phase imaging (FCR-QPI). APPROACH Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) has emerged as a powerful technique in the field of biomedicine but has not been actively applied to the monitoring of circulatory/cardiovascular parameters, due to dynamic speckles and low frame rates. We demonstrate FCR-QPI to measure heart rate and blood flow in a zebrafish embryo. FCR-QPI utilizes a high-speed photodetector instead of a conventional camera, so it enables real-time monitoring of individual red blood cell (RBC) flow. RESULTS The average velocity of zebrafish's RBCs was measured from 192.5 to 608.8 μm / s at 24 to 28 hour-post-fertilization (hpf). In addition, the number of RBCs in a pulsatile blood flow was revealed to 16 cells/pulse at 48 hpf. The heart rates corresponded to 94 and 142 beats-per-minute at 24 and 48 hpf. CONCLUSIONS This approach will newly enable in-depth understanding of the cardiovascular dynamics in the zebrafish model and possible usage for drug discovery applications in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeranan Boonruangkan
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Singapore
| | - Hamid Farrokhi
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Singapore
| | - Thazhe M. Rohith
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Singapore
| | - Samuel Kwok
- Nanyang Technological University, Lee Kong Chian, School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Tom J. Carney
- Nanyang Technological University, Lee Kong Chian, School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Pei-Chen Su
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Singapore
| | - Young-Jin Kim
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Singapore
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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14
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Li B, Chen K, Liu F, Zhang J, Chen X, Chen T, Chen Q, Yao Y, Hu W, Wang L, Wu Y. Developmental Angiogenesis Requires the Mitochondrial Phenylalanyl-tRNA Synthetase. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:724846. [PMID: 34540921 PMCID: PMC8440837 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.724846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (mtARSs) catalyze the binding of specific amino acids to their cognate tRNAs and play an essential role in the synthesis of proteins encoded by mitochondrial DNA. Defects in mtARSs have been linked to human diseases, but their tissue-specific pathophysiology remains elusive. Here we examined the role of mitochondrial phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (FARS2) in developmental angiogenesis and its potential contribution to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Methods: Morpholinos were injected into fertilized zebrafish ova to establish an in vivo fars2 knock-down model. A visualization of the vasculature was achieved by using Tg (fli1: EGFP)y1 transgenic zebrafish. In addition, small interference RNAs (siRNAs) were transferred into human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to establish an in vitro FARS2 knock-down model. Cell motility, proliferation, and tubulogenesis were determined using scratch-wound CCK8, transwell-based migration, and tube formation assays. In addition, mitochondria- and non-mitochondria-related respiration were evaluated using a Seahorse XF24 analyzer and flow cytometry assays. Analyses of the expression levels of transcripts and proteins were performed using qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Results: The knock-down of fars2 hampered the embryonic development in zebrafish and delayed the formation of the vasculature in Tg (fli1: EGFP)y1 transgenic zebrafish. In addition, the siRNA-mediated knock-down of FARS2 impaired angiogenesis in HUVECs as indicated by decreased cell motility and tube formation capacity. The knock-down of FARS2 also produced variable decreases in mitochondrial- and non-mitochondrial respiration in HUVECs and disrupted the regulatory pathways of angiogenesis in both HUVECs and zebrafish. Conclusion: Our current work offers novel insights into angiogenesis defects and cardiovascular diseases induced by FARS2 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinic Genetics, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Department of Neurosciences, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xihui Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinic Genetics, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tangdong Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinic Genetics, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinic Genetics, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Yao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Weihong Hu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinic Genetics, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanming Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinic Genetics, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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15
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Dimitriadi A, Papaefthimiou C, Genizegkini E, Sampsonidis I, Kalogiannis S, Feidantsis K, Bobori DC, Kastrinaki G, Koumoundouros G, Lambropoulou DA, Kyzas GZ, Bikiaris DN. Adverse effects polystyrene microplastics exert on zebrafish heart - Molecular to individual level. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:125969. [PMID: 34492880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present study the effects of sublethal concentrations of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) on zebrafish were evaluated at multiple levels, related to fish activity and oxidative stress, metabolic changes and contraction parameters in the heart tissue. Zebrafish were fed for 21 days food enriched with PS-MPs (particle sizes 3-12 µm) and a battery of stress indices like DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, autophagy, ubiquitin levels, caspases activation, metabolite adjustments, frequency and force of ventricular contraction were measured in fish heart, parallel to fish swimming velocity. In particular, exposure to PS-MPs caused significant decrease in heart function and swimming competence, while enhanced levels of oxidative stress indices and metabolic adjustments were observed in the heart of challenged species. Among stress indices, DNA damage was more vulnerable to the effect of PS-MPs. Our results provide evidence on the multiplicity of the PS-MPs effects on cellular function, physiology and metabolic pathways and heart rate of adult fish and subsequent effects on fish activity and fish fitness thus enlightening MPs characterization as a potent environmental pollutant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chrisovalantis Papaefthimiou
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Genizegkini
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Sampsonidis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, GR-574 00 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stavros Kalogiannis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, GR-574 00 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Feidantsis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra C Bobori
- Laboratory of Ichthyology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | | | | | - Dimitra A Lambropoulou
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Z Kyzas
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, Kavala GR-654 04, Greece
| | - Dimitrios N Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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16
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Kugler E, Snodgrass R, Bowley G, Plant K, Serbanovic-Canic J, Hamilton N, Evans PC, Chico T, Armitage P. The effect of absent blood flow on the zebrafish cerebral and trunk vasculature. VASCULAR BIOLOGY (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2021; 3:1-16. [PMID: 34522840 PMCID: PMC8428019 DOI: 10.1530/vb-21-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The role of blood flow in vascular development is complex and context-dependent. In this study, we quantify the effect of the lack of blood flow on embryonic vascular development on two vascular beds, namely the cerebral and trunk vasculature in zebrafish. We perform this by analysing vascular topology, endothelial cell (EC) number, EC distribution, apoptosis, and inflammatory response in animals with normal blood flow or absent blood flow. We find that absent blood flow reduced vascular area and EC number significantly in both examined vascular beds, but the effect is more severe in the cerebral vasculature, and severity increases over time. Absent blood flow leads to an increase in non-EC-specific apoptosis without increasing tissue inflammation, as quantified by cerebral immune cell numbers and nitric oxide. Similarly, while stereotypic vascular patterning in the trunk is maintained, intra-cerebral vessels show altered patterning, which is likely to be due to vessels failing to initiate effective fusion and anastomosis rather than sprouting or path-seeking. In conclusion, blood flow is essential for cellular survival in both the trunk and cerebral vasculature, but particularly intra-cerebral vessels are affected by the lack of blood flow, suggesting that responses to blood flow differ between these two vascular beds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Kugler
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Sheffield, UK
- The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
- Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, Sheffield, UK
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ryan Snodgrass
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Sheffield, UK
- The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
| | - George Bowley
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Sheffield, UK
- The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
| | - Karen Plant
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Sheffield, UK
- The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jovana Serbanovic-Canic
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Sheffield, UK
- The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
| | - Noémie Hamilton
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Sheffield, UK
- The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
| | - Paul C Evans
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Sheffield, UK
- The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
- Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, Sheffield, UK
| | - Timothy Chico
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Sheffield, UK
- The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
| | - Paul Armitage
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Sheffield, UK
- Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, Sheffield, UK
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17
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Kolesnikova ЕE. Anatomical and Physiological Peculiarities
of the Heart in Jawless and Jawed Fish. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Rajan AM, Ma RC, Kocha KM, Zhang DJ, Huang P. Dual function of perivascular fibroblasts in vascular stabilization in zebrafish. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008800. [PMID: 33104690 PMCID: PMC7644104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels are vital to sustain life in all vertebrates. While it is known that mural cells (pericytes and smooth muscle cells) regulate vascular integrity, the contribution of other cell types to vascular stabilization has been largely unexplored. Using zebrafish, we identified sclerotome-derived perivascular fibroblasts as a novel population of blood vessel associated cells. In contrast to pericytes, perivascular fibroblasts emerge early during development, express the extracellular matrix (ECM) genes col1a2 and col5a1, and display distinct morphology and distribution. Time-lapse imaging reveals that perivascular fibroblasts serve as pericyte precursors. Genetic ablation of perivascular fibroblasts markedly reduces collagen deposition around endothelial cells, resulting in dysmorphic blood vessels with variable diameters. Strikingly, col5a1 mutants show spontaneous hemorrhage, and the penetrance of the phenotype is strongly enhanced by the additional loss of col1a2. Together, our work reveals dual roles of perivascular fibroblasts in vascular stabilization where they establish the ECM around nascent vessels and function as pericyte progenitors. Blood vessels are essential to sustain life in humans. Defects in blood vessels can lead to serious diseases, such as hemorrhage, tissue ischemia, and stroke. However, how blood vessel stability is maintained by surrounding support cells is still poorly understood. Using the zebrafish model, we identify a new population of blood vessel associated cells termed perivascular fibroblasts, which originate from the sclerotome, an embryonic structure that is previously known to generate the skeleton of the animal. Perivascular fibroblasts are distinct from pericytes, a known population of blood vessel support cells. They become associated with blood vessels much earlier than pericytes and express several collagen genes, encoding main components of the extracellular matrix. Loss of perivascular fibroblasts or mutations in collagen genes result in fragile blood vessels prone to damage. Using cell tracing in live animals, we find that a subset of perivascular fibroblasts can differentiate into pericytes. Together, our work shows that perivascular fibroblasts play two important roles in maintaining blood vessel integrity. Perivascular fibroblasts secrete collagens to stabilize newly formed blood vessels and a sub-population of these cells also functions as precursors to generate pericytes to provide additional vascular support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsheen M. Rajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Roger C. Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Katrinka M. Kocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dan J. Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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19
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Miyawaki I. Application of zebrafish to safety evaluation in drug discovery. J Toxicol Pathol 2020; 33:197-210. [PMID: 33239838 PMCID: PMC7677624 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2020-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, safety evaluation at the early stage of drug discovery research has been done using in silico, in vitro, and in vivo systems in this order because of limitations on the amount of compounds available and the throughput ability of the assay systems. While these in vitro assays are very effective tools for detecting particular tissue-specific toxicity phenotypes, it is difficult to detect toxicity based on complex mechanisms involving multiple organs and tissues. Therefore, the development of novel high throughput in vivo evaluation systems has been expected for a long time. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a vertebrate with many attractive characteristics for use in drug discovery, such as a small size, transparency, gene and protein similarity with mammals (80% or more), and ease of genetic modification to establish human disease models. Actually, in recent years, the zebrafish has attracted interest as a novel experimental animal. In this article, the author summarized the features of zebrafish that make it a suitable laboratory animal, and introduced and discussed the applications of zebrafish to preclinical toxicity testing, including evaluations of teratogenicity, hepatotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity based on morphological findings, evaluation of cardiotoxicity using functional endpoints, and assessment of seizure and drug abuse liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izuru Miyawaki
- Preclinical Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma
Co., Ltd., 3-1-98 Kasugade-naka, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554-0022, Japan
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20
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Pereira AC, Gonçalves BB, Brito RDS, Vieira LG, Lima ECDO, Rocha TL. Comparative developmental toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles and ferric chloride to zebrafish (Danio rerio) after static and semi-static exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126792. [PMID: 32957266 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are used in several medical and environmental applications, but their mechanism of action and hazardous effects to early developmental stages of fish remain unknown. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the developmental toxicity of citrate-functionalized IONPs (γ-Fe2O3 NPs), in comparison with its dissolved counterpart, in zebrafish (Danio rerio) after static and semi-static exposure. Embryos were exposed to environmental concentrations of both iron forms (0.3, 0.6, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg L-1) during 144 h, jointly with negative control group. The interaction and distribution of both Fe forms on the external chorion and larvae surface were measured, following by multiple biomarker assessment (mortality, hatching rate, neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, morphological alterations and 12 morphometrics parameters). Results showed that IONPs were mainly accumulated on the zebrafish chorion, and in the digestive system and liver of the larvae. Although the IONPs induced low embryotoxicity compared to iron ions in both exposure conditions, these nanomaterials induced sublethal effects, mainly cardiotoxic effects (reduced heartbeat, blood accumulation in the heart and pericardial edema). The semi-static exposure to both iron forms induced high embryotoxicity compared to static exposure, indicating that the nanotoxicity to early developmental stages of fish depends on the exposure system. This is the first study concerning the role of the exposure condition on the developmental toxicity of IONPs on fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryelle Canedo Pereira
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Bruno Bastos Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Rafaella da Silva Brito
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Gonçalves Vieira
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Lopes Rocha
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil.
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21
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Benslimane FM, Zakaria ZZ, Shurbaji S, Abdelrasool MKA, Al-Badr MAHI, Al Absi ESK, Yalcin HC. Cardiac function and blood flow hemodynamics assessment of zebrafish (Danio rerio) using high-speed video microscopy. Micron 2020; 136:102876. [PMID: 32512409 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2020.102876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last few decades, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were introduced as a model organism to investigate human diseases including cardiovascular and neuronal disorders. In most zebrafish investigations, cardiac function and blood flow hemodynamics need to be assessed to study the effects of the interference on the cardiovascular system. For heart function assessment, most important parameters include heart rate, cardiac output, ejection fraction, fractional area change, and fractional shortening. METHODS A 10 s high-speed video of beating heart and flowing blood within major vessels of zebrafish that are less than 5 days post fertilization (dpf) were recorded via a stereo microscope equipped with a high speed camera. The videos were analyzed using MicroZebraLab and image J software for the assessment of cardiac function. RESULTS Using the technique described here, we were able to simply yet effectively assess cardiac function and blood flow dynamics of normal zebrafish embryos. We believe that the practical method presented here will help cardiac researchers using the zebrafish as a model to examine cardiac function by using tools that could be available in their laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zain Z Zakaria
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Samar Shurbaji
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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22
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Sieber S, Grossen P, Bussmann J, Campbell F, Kros A, Witzigmann D, Huwyler J. Zebrafish as a preclinical in vivo screening model for nanomedicines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 151-152:152-168. [PMID: 30615917 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The interactions of nanomedicines with biological environments is heavily influenced by their physicochemical properties. Formulation design and optimization are therefore key steps towards successful nanomedicine development. Unfortunately, detailed assessment of nanomedicine formulations, at a macromolecular level, in rodents is severely limited by the restricted imaging possibilities within these animals. Moreover, rodent in vivo studies are time consuming and expensive, limiting the number of formulations that can be practically assessed in any one study. Consequently, screening and optimisation of nanomedicine formulations is most commonly performed in surrogate biological model systems, such as human-derived cell cultures. However, despite the time and cost advantages of classical in vitro models, these artificial systems fail to reflect and mimic the complex biological situation a nanomedicine will encounter in vivo. This has acutely hampered the selection of potentially successful nanomedicines for subsequent rodent in vivo studies. Recently, zebrafish have emerged as a promising in vivo model, within nanomedicine development pipelines, by offering opportunities to quickly screen nanomedicines under in vivo conditions and in a cost-effective manner so as to bridge the current gap between in vitro and rodent studies. In this review, we outline several advantageous features of the zebrafish model, such as biological conservation, imaging modalities, availability of genetic tools and disease models, as well as their various applications in nanomedicine development. Critical experimental parameters are discussed and the most beneficial applications of the zebrafish model, in the context of nanomedicine development, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Sieber
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philip Grossen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jeroen Bussmann
- Department of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frederick Campbell
- Department of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Kros
- Department of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dominik Witzigmann
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada..
| | - Jörg Huwyler
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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23
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Kugler EC, van Lessen M, Daetwyler S, Chhabria K, Savage AM, Silva V, Plant K, MacDonald RB, Huisken J, Wilkinson RN, Schulte‐Merker S, Armitage P, Chico TJA. Cerebrovascular endothelial cells form transient Notch-dependent cystic structures in zebrafish. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e47047. [PMID: 31379129 PMCID: PMC6680135 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201847047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We identify a novel endothelial membrane behaviour in transgenic zebrafish. Cerebral blood vessels extrude large transient spherical structures that persist for an average of 23 min before regressing into the parent vessel. We term these structures "kugeln", after the German for sphere. Kugeln are only observed arising from the cerebral vessels and are present as late as 28 days post fertilization. Kugeln do not communicate with the vessel lumen and can form in the absence of blood flow. They contain little or no cytoplasm, but the majority are highly positive for nitric oxide reactivity. Kugeln do not interact with brain lymphatic endothelial cells (BLECs) and can form in their absence, nor do they perform a scavenging role or interact with macrophages. Inhibition of actin polymerization, Myosin II, or Notch signalling reduces kugel formation, while inhibition of VEGF or Wnt dysregulation (either inhibition or activation) increases kugel formation. Kugeln represent a novel Notch-dependent NO-containing endothelial organelle restricted to the cerebral vessels, of currently unknown function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth C Kugler
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular DiseaseMedical SchoolUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- The Bateson CentreFirth CourtUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Max van Lessen
- WWU MünsterFaculty of MedicineInstitute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and RegenerationMünsterGermany
| | - Stephan Daetwyler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
- Department of Cell BiologyThe University of Texas SouthwesternTexasTXUSA
| | - Karishma Chhabria
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular DiseaseMedical SchoolUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- The Bateson CentreFirth CourtUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Aaron M Savage
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular DiseaseMedical SchoolUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- The Bateson CentreFirth CourtUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Vishmi Silva
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular DiseaseMedical SchoolUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- The Bateson CentreFirth CourtUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Karen Plant
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular DiseaseMedical SchoolUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- The Bateson CentreFirth CourtUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Ryan B MacDonald
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular DiseaseMedical SchoolUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- The Bateson CentreFirth CourtUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Jan Huisken
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
- Morgridge Institute for ResearchMadisonWIUSA
| | - Robert N Wilkinson
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular DiseaseMedical SchoolUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- The Bateson CentreFirth CourtUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Stefan Schulte‐Merker
- WWU MünsterFaculty of MedicineInstitute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and RegenerationMünsterGermany
| | - Paul Armitage
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular DiseaseMedical SchoolUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Timothy JA Chico
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular DiseaseMedical SchoolUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- The Bateson CentreFirth CourtUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
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24
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Sarantis P, Gaitanaki C, Beis D. Ventricular remodeling of single-chambered myh6 -/- adult zebrafish hearts occurs via a hyperplastic response and is accompanied by elastin deposition in the atrium. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 378:279-288. [PMID: 31129720 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is widely used as an animal model to understand the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. Here, we present the adult cardiac phenotype of weak atrium, myh6-/-, which carry mutations in the zebrafish atrial myosin heavy chain. Homozygous mutants survive to adulthood and are fertile despite their initial weak atrial beat. In adult mutants, the atrium remains hypoplastic and shows elastin deposition while mutant ventricles exhibit increased size. In mammals, hypertrophy is the most common mechanism resulting in cardiomegaly. Using immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy to measure cardiomyocyte cell size, density and proliferation, we show that the enlargement of the myh6-/- ventricle is predominantly due to hyperplasia. However, we identified similar transcriptional profiles to the mammalian hypertrophy response via RT-PCR of the hyperplastic ventricles. Furthermore, we show activation of the ER-stress pathway by western blot analysis. In conclusion, we can assume, based on our model, that molecular signaling pathways associated with hypertrophy in mammals, in combination with ER-stress activation, result in hyperplasia in zebrafish. In addition, to our knowledge, this is the first time to report elastin deposition in the atrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Sarantis
- Zebrafish Disease Models lab, Center for Clinical Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
- Department of Animal & Human Physiology, School of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, 157 84, Athens, Greece
| | - Catherine Gaitanaki
- Department of Animal & Human Physiology, School of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, 157 84, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Beis
- Zebrafish Disease Models lab, Center for Clinical Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece.
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25
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Narumanchi S, Kalervo K, Perttunen S, Wang H, Immonen K, Kosonen R, Laine M, Ruskoaho H, Tikkanen I, Lakkisto P, Paavola J. Inhibition of let-7c Regulates Cardiac Regeneration after Cryoinjury in Adult Zebrafish. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2019; 6:jcdd6020016. [PMID: 30987331 PMCID: PMC6617397 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd6020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The let-7c family of micro-RNAs (miRNAs) is expressed during embryonic development and plays an important role in cell differentiation. We have investigated the role of let-7c in heart regeneration after injury in adult zebrafish. let-7c antagomir or scramble injections were given at one day after cryoinjury (1 dpi). Tissue samples were collected at 7 dpi, 14 dpi and 28 dpi and cardiac function was assessed before cryoinjury, 1 dpi, 7 dpi, 14 dpi and 28 dpi. Inhibition of let-7c increased the rate of fibrinolysis, increased the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive cardiomyocytes at 7 dpi and increased the expression of the epicardial marker raldh2 at 7 dpi. Additionally, cardiac function measured with echocardiography recovered slightly more rapidly after inhibition of let-7c. These results reveal a beneficial role of let-7c inhibition in adult zebrafish heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneeta Narumanchi
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Karri Kalervo
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Surgery, South Karelia Central Hospital, 53130 Lappeenranta, Finland.
| | - Sanni Perttunen
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Hong Wang
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Katariina Immonen
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Riikka Kosonen
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Mika Laine
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
- Heart and Lung Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Heikki Ruskoaho
- Drug Research Programme, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Ilkka Tikkanen
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
- Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Päivi Lakkisto
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
- Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jere Paavola
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
- Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Helsinki and Jorvi Hospital of Helsinki University Hospital, 02740 Espoo, Finland.
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26
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Cardiovascular Effects of PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl) in Zebrafish Embryos and Impact of Co-Exposure to Redox Modulating Chemicals. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051065. [PMID: 30823661 PMCID: PMC6429282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The developing cardiovascular system of zebrafish is a sensitive target for many environmental pollutants, including dioxin-like compounds and pesticides. Some polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can compromise the cardiovascular endothelial function by activating oxidative stress-sensitive signaling pathways. Therefore, we exposed zebrafish embryos to PCB126 or to several redox-modulating chemicals to study their ability to modulate the dysmorphogenesis produced by PCB126. PCB126 produced a concentration-dependent induction of pericardial edema and circulatory failure, and a concentration-dependent reduction of cardiac output and body length at 80 hours post fertilization (hpf). Among several modulators tested, the effects of PCB126 could be both positively and negatively modulated by different compounds; co-treatment with α-tocopherol (vitamin E liposoluble) prevented the adverse effects of PCB126 in pericardial edema, whereas co-treatment with sodium nitroprusside (a vasodilator compound) significantly worsened PCB126 effects. Gene expression analysis showed an up-regulation of cyp1a, hsp70, and gstp1, indicative of PCB126 interaction with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), while the transcription of antioxidant genes (sod1, sod2; cat and gpx1a) was not affected. Further studies are necessary to understand the role of oxidative stress in the developmental toxicity of low concentrations of PCB126 (25 nM). Our results give insights into the use of zebrafish embryos for exploring mechanisms underlying the oxidative potential of environmental pollutants.
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28
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Sinha S, Santoro MM. New models to study vascular mural cell embryonic origin: implications in vascular diseases. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 114:481-491. [PMID: 29385541 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
A key question in vascular biology is how the diversity of origin of vascular mural cells, namely smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and pericytes influences vessel properties, in particular the regional propensity to vascular diseases. This review therefore first describes the role and regulation of mural cells during vascular formation, with a focus on embryonic origin. We then consider the evidence that connects heterogeneities in SMC and pericyte origins with disease. Since this idea has major implications for understanding and modelling human disease, then there is a pressing need for new model systems to investigate mural cell development and the consequences of heterogeneity. Recent advances arising from in vitro strategies for deriving mural cells from human pluripotent stem cells as well as from the zebrafish model will be discussed and the medical relevance of these discoveries will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Sinha
- Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Forvie Site, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, Box 157, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Massimo Mattia Santoro
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Redox Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padova, Italy
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29
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Gaur H, Pullaguri N, Nema S, Purushothaman S, Bhargava Y, Bhargava A. ZebraPace: An Open-Source Method for Cardiac-Rhythm Estimation in Untethered Zebrafish Larvae. Zebrafish 2018; 15:254-262. [PMID: 29653072 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2017.1545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
For the assessment of cardiac function, heartbeat represents one key parameter. Current methods of heartbeat measurements in the zebrafish larvae usually require larval immobilization, fluorescent transgenic strains and a confocal microscope, costly commercial software for analysis, or strong programming skills if the software is open-source. Here, we present a simple yet powerful method of heartbeat analysis using untethered, unlabeled zebrafish larva using ImageJ (open-source software), which does not require programming skills. We named it as ZebraPace for Zebrafish Precise Algorithm for Cardiac-rhythm Estimation. ZebraPace works directly with AVI videos and requires no image processing steps. ZebraPace uses pixel intensity change in a grayscale video to count the number of beats. We have validated the ZebraPace method by pharmacological alterations of the heartbeat in zebrafish larvae of 48 and 72 hpf stages. We have also determined beat-to-beat interval, which relates to rhythmicity of heartbeat. The results obtained by using ZebraPace corroborates well with the heartbeat values previously reported for similarly aged larvae as determined by using specialized software. We believe that the ZebraPace method is simple, cost-effective, and easy to grasp as it involves fewer steps. It not only reduces the manual workload but also eliminates sample preparation time and researcher subjectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Gaur
- 1 Ion Channel Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad , Kandi, India
| | - Narasimha Pullaguri
- 1 Ion Channel Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad , Kandi, India
| | - Shubham Nema
- 2 Molecular Engineering and Imaging Lab, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University , Sagar, India
| | - Srinithi Purushothaman
- 1 Ion Channel Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad , Kandi, India
| | - Yogesh Bhargava
- 2 Molecular Engineering and Imaging Lab, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University , Sagar, India
| | - Anamika Bhargava
- 1 Ion Channel Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad , Kandi, India
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30
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Chang SS, Tu S, Baek KI, Pietersen A, Liu YH, Savage VM, Hwang SPL, Hsiai TK, Roper M. Optimal occlusion uniformly partitions red blood cells fluxes within a microvascular network. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005892. [PMID: 29244812 PMCID: PMC5747476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In animals, gas exchange between blood and tissues occurs in narrow vessels, whose diameter is comparable to that of a red blood cell. Red blood cells must deform to squeeze through these narrow vessels, transiently blocking or occluding the vessels they pass through. Although the dynamics of vessel occlusion have been studied extensively, it remains an open question why microvessels need to be so narrow. We study occlusive dynamics within a model microvascular network: the embryonic zebrafish trunk. We show that pressure feedbacks created when red blood cells enter the finest vessels of the trunk act together to uniformly partition red blood cells through the microvasculature. Using mathematical models as well as direct observation, we show that these occlusive feedbacks are tuned throughout the trunk network to prevent the vessels closest to the heart from short-circuiting the network. Thus occlusion is linked with another open question of microvascular function: how are red blood cells delivered at the same rate to each micro-vessel? Our analysis shows that tuning of occlusive feedbacks increase the total dissipation within the network by a factor of 11, showing that uniformity of flows rather than minimization of transport costs may be prioritized by the microvascular network. Arterial trees shuttle red blood cells from the heart to billions of capillaries distributed throughout the body. These trees have long been thought to be organized to minimize transport costs. Yet red blood cells are tightly squeezed within the finest vessels, meaning that these vessels account for as much as half of the total transport costs within the arterial network. It is unclear why vessel diameters and red blood cell diameters are so closely matched in a network that is presumed to optimize transport. Here, we use mathematical modeling and direct observations of red blood cell movements in embryonic zebrafish to show that occlusive feedbacks—the pressure feedbacks that alter the flows into a vessel when it is nearly blocked by a red blood cell—can optimally distribute red blood cells through microvessels. In addition to revealing an adaptive function for the matching of vessel and red blood cell diameters, this work shows that uniformity of red blood cell fluxes can be a unifying principle for understanding the elegant hydraulic organization of microvascular networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyr-Shea Chang
- Department of Mathematics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Shenyinying Tu
- Department of Mathematics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kyung In Baek
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew Pietersen
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Yu-Hsiu Liu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Van M. Savage
- Department of Biomathematics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Sheng-Ping L. Hwang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tzung K. Hsiai
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Marcus Roper
- Department of Mathematics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Biomathematics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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31
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Choi W, Kim HM, Park S, Yeom E, Doh J, Lee SJ. Variation in wall shear stress in channel networks of zebrafish models. J R Soc Interface 2017; 14:rsif.2016.0900. [PMID: 28148768 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological functions of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) vary depending on wall shear stress (WSS) magnitude, and the functional change affects the pathologies of various cardiovascular systems. Several in vitro and in vivo models have been used to investigate the functions of ECs under different WSS conditions. However, these models have technical limitations in precisely mimicking the physiological environments of ECs and monitoring temporal variations of ECs in detail. Although zebrafish (Danio rerio) has several strategies to overcome these technical limitations, zebrafish cannot be used as a perfect animal model because applying various WSS conditions on blood vessels of zebrafish is difficult. This study proposes a new zebrafish model in which various WSS can be applied to the caudal vein. The WSS magnitude is controlled by blocking some parts of blood-vessel networks. The accuracy and reproducibility of the proposed method are validated using an equivalent circuit model of blood vessels in zebrafish. The proposed method is applied to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated zebrafish as a typical application. The proposed zebrafish model can be used as an in vivo animal model to investigate the relationship between WSS and EC physiology or WSS-induced cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woorak Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Hye Mi Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (IBB), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Sungho Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Eunseop Yeom
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Junsang Doh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Sang Joon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
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Perrichon P, Grosell M, Burggren WW. Heart Performance Determination by Visualization in Larval Fishes: Influence of Alternative Models for Heart Shape and Volume. Front Physiol 2017; 8:464. [PMID: 28725199 PMCID: PMC5495860 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding cardiac function in developing larval fishes is crucial for assessing their physiological condition and overall health. Cardiac output measurements in transparent fish larvae and other vertebrates have long been made by analyzing videos of the beating heart, and modeling this structure using a conventional simple prolate spheroid shape model. However, the larval fish heart changes shape during early development and subsequent maturation, but no consideration has been made of the effect of different heart geometries on cardiac output estimation. The present study assessed the validity of three different heart models (the "standard" prolate spheroid model as well as a cylinder and cone tip + cylinder model) applied to digital images of complete cardiac cycles in larval mahi-mahi and red drum. The inherent error of each model was determined to allow for more precise calculation of stroke volume and cardiac output. The conventional prolate spheroid and cone tip + cylinder models yielded significantly different stroke volume values at 56 hpf in red drum and from 56 to 104 hpf in mahi. End-diastolic and stroke volumes modeled by just a simple cylinder shape were 30-50% higher compared to the conventional prolate spheroid. However, when these values of stroke volume multiplied by heart rate to calculate cardiac output, no significant differences between models emerged because of considerable variability in heart rate. Essentially, the conventional prolate spheroid shape model provides the simplest measurement with lowest variability of stroke volume and cardiac output. However, assessment of heart function-especially if stroke volume is the focus of the study-should consider larval heart shape, with different models being applied on a species-by-species and developmental stage-by-stage basis for best estimation of cardiac output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prescilla Perrichon
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Cluster, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North TexasDenton, TX, United States
| | - Martin Grosell
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of MiamiMiami, FL, United States
| | - Warren W. Burggren
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Cluster, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North TexasDenton, TX, United States
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Brown HK, Schiavone K, Tazzyman S, Heymann D, Chico TJ. Zebrafish xenograft models of cancer and metastasis for drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:379-389. [PMID: 28277839 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1297416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with metastatic cancer suffer the highest rate of cancer-related death, but existing animal models of metastasis have disadvantages that limit our ability to understand this process. The zebrafish is increasingly used for cancer modelling, particularly xenografting of human cancer cell lines, and drug discovery, and may provide novel scientific and therapeutic insights. However, this model system remains underexploited. Areas covered: The authors discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the zebrafish xenograft model for the study of cancer, metastasis and drug discovery. They summarise previous work investigating the metastatic cascade, such as tumour-induced angiogenesis, intravasation, extravasation, dissemination and homing, invasion at secondary sites, assessing metastatic potential and evaluation of cancer stem cells in zebrafish. Expert opinion: The practical advantages of zebrafish for basic biological study and drug discovery are indisputable. However, their ability to sufficiently reproduce and predict the behaviour of human cancer and metastasis remains unproven. For this to be resolved, novel mechanisms must to be discovered in zebrafish that are subsequently validated in humans, and for therapeutic interventions that modulate cancer favourably in zebrafish to successfully translate to human clinical studies. In the meantime, more work is required to establish the most informative methods in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K Brown
- a Department of Oncology and Metabolism , The Medical School, University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK.,b Sarcoma Research Unit, Medical School , INSERM, European Associated Laboratory, University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK
| | - Kristina Schiavone
- a Department of Oncology and Metabolism , The Medical School, University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK.,b Sarcoma Research Unit, Medical School , INSERM, European Associated Laboratory, University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK
| | - Simon Tazzyman
- a Department of Oncology and Metabolism , The Medical School, University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK.,c The Bateson Centre for Lifecourse Biology , University of Sheffield, Western Bank , Sheffield , UK
| | - Dominique Heymann
- a Department of Oncology and Metabolism , The Medical School, University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK.,b Sarcoma Research Unit, Medical School , INSERM, European Associated Laboratory, University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK.,d UMR 957, Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours , Nantes University Hospital , Nantes , France.,e Faculty of Medicine , INSERM, UMR 957, Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours, Equipe Ligue 2012, University of Nantes , Nantes , France
| | - Timothy Ja Chico
- c The Bateson Centre for Lifecourse Biology , University of Sheffield, Western Bank , Sheffield , UK.,f Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease , The Medical School, University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK
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Yalcin HC, Amindari A, Butcher JT, Althani A, Yacoub M. Heart function and hemodynamic analysis for zebrafish embryos. Dev Dyn 2017; 246:868-880. [PMID: 28249360 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Zebrafish has emerged to become a powerful vertebrate animal model for cardiovascular research in recent years. Its advantages include easy genetic manipulation, transparency, small size, low cost, and the ability to survive without active circulation at early stages of development. Sequencing the whole genome and identifying ortholog genes with human genome made it possible to induce clinically relevant cardiovascular defects via genetic approaches. Heart function and disturbed hemodynamics need to be assessed in a reliable manner for these disease models in order to reveal the mechanobiology of induced defects. This effort requires precise determination of blood flow patterns as well as hemodynamic stress (i.e., wall shear stress and pressure) levels within the developing heart. While traditional approach involves time-lapse brightfield microscopy to track cell and tissue movements, in more recent studies fast light-sheet fluorescent microscopes are utilized for that purpose. Integration of more complicated techniques like particle image velocimetry and computational fluid dynamics modeling for hemodynamic analysis holds a great promise to the advancement of the Zebrafish studies. Here, we discuss the latest developments in heart function and hemodynamic analysis for Zebrafish embryos and conclude with our future perspective on dynamic analysis of the Zebrafish cardiovascular system. Developmental Dynamics 246:868-880, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Armin Amindari
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jonathan T Butcher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Asma Althani
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Magdi Yacoub
- Imperial College, NHLI, Heart Science Centre, Harefield, Middlesex, UB9 6JH, United Kingdom
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Zhou ZY, Huan LY, Zhao WR, Tang N, Jin Y, Tang JY. Spatholobi Caulis extracts promote angiogenesis in HUVECs in vitro and in zebrafish embryos in vivo via up-regulation of VEGFRs. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 200:74-83. [PMID: 27989880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Spatholobi Caulis is a traditional blood-activating and stasis-dispelling herb medicine, which has been used to treat diseases related to blood stasis syndrome (BSS) by inhibiting platelet aggregation, stimulate hematopoiesis, etc. It has been demonstrated that pro-angiogenesis could improve BSS. However, the pro-angiogenic activity of Spatholobi Caulis was not well elucidated AIM OF STUDY: To determine the potential pro-angiogenic activity of Spatholobi Caulis and elucidate its underlying mechanism. The active fractions of Spatholobi Caulis were further screened. MATERIAL AND METHODS Gelatin precipitation and reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) were used to purify the methanol extracts of Spatholobi Caulis, respectively. The RPLC was also used to prepare fractions. Total flavonoids of purified methanol extracts of Spatholobi Caulis (PSC) were determined using ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The morphological observation of subintestinal vessel plexus (SIVs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitor II (VRI)-induced intersegmental blood vessels (ISVs) loss in transgenic zebrafish Tg(fli-1a: EGFP)y1 were selected to evaluate the pro-angiogenic activity of PSC in vivo. Cell proliferation by MTT assay and cell migration assay were used to evaluate the pro-angiogenesis effect of PSC in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. Both zebrafish and HUVECs were used in screening active fractions of PSC. The mechanism of PSC promoting angiogenesis were studied by real-time PCR in zebrafish and western blotting in HUVECs. RESULTS Co-treatment PSC dramatically rescued VRI-induced ISVs loss in zebrafish embryos in a dose-dependent manner and 80% of the defective vascular recovered at the concentration of 30μg/ml compared with VRI-only group. PSC also concentration-dependently increased average sprouting number and diameter of SIVs in zebrafish embryo. Real-time PCR assay proved that PSC significantly restored the down regulation of VEGFRs including Flt-1, Kdr and Kdrl induced by VRI in zebrafish (P<0.001). Furthermore, PSC not only promoted proliferation and migration of normal HUVECs but also ameliorated VRI-induced HUVECs cytotoxicity. Western blotting assay showed that co-treatment of PSC increased the expression of VEGFRs and phosphorylation of MAPKs which decreased by VRI treatment. In addition, quality evaluation experiments showed that the content of total flavonoids of PSC reached 56.36% and the main pro-angiogenic fractions of PSC were F3, F4 and F5 both in zebrafish and HUVECs. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrated that PSC presented pro-angiogenic activity both in zebrafish and HUVECs, and principal pro-angiogenic active components were likely flavonoids. Thus, the current study provided evidence for the clinical usage of Spatholobi Caulis in promoting blood circulation and removing stasis in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yan Zhou
- Longhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| | - Li-Yun Huan
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Wai-Rong Zhao
- Longhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Nuo Tang
- Longhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yu Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Jing-Yi Tang
- Longhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
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An electrical method to measure low-frequency collective and synchronized cell activity using extracellular electrodes. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Abstract
The zebrafish model is the only available high-throughput vertebrate assessment system, and it is uniquely suited for studies of in vivo cell biology. A sequenced and annotated genome has revealed a large degree of evolutionary conservation in comparison to the human genome. Due to our shared evolutionary history, the anatomical and physiological features of fish are highly homologous to humans, which facilitates studies relevant to human health. In addition, zebrafish provide a very unique vertebrate data stream that allows researchers to anchor hypotheses at the biochemical, genetic, and cellular levels to observations at the structural, functional, and behavioral level in a high-throughput format. In this review, we will draw heavily from toxicological studies to highlight advances in zebrafish high-throughput systems. Breakthroughs in transgenic/reporter lines and methods for genetic manipulation, such as the CRISPR-Cas9 system, will be comprised of reports across diverse disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria R Garcia
- Oregon State University, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Pamela D Noyes
- Oregon State University, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Robert L Tanguay
- Oregon State University, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Tabassum N, Tai H, Jung DW, Williams DR. Fishing for Nature's Hits: Establishment of the Zebrafish as a Model for Screening Antidiabetic Natural Products. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:287847. [PMID: 26681965 PMCID: PMC4670909 DOI: 10.1155/2015/287847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus affects millions of people worldwide and significantly impacts their quality of life. Moreover, life threatening diseases, such as myocardial infarction, blindness, and renal disorders, increase the morbidity rate associated with diabetes. Various natural products from medicinal plants have shown potential as antidiabetes agents in cell-based screening systems. However, many of these potential "hits" fail in mammalian tests, due to issues such as poor pharmacokinetics and/or toxic side effects. To address this problem, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model has been developed as a "bridge" to provide an experimentally convenient animal-based screening system to identify drug candidates that are active in vivo. In this review, we discuss the application of zebrafish to drug screening technologies for diabetes research. Specifically, the discovery of natural product-based antidiabetes compounds using zebrafish will be described. For example, it has recently been demonstrated that antidiabetic natural compounds can be identified in zebrafish using activity guided fractionation of crude plant extracts. Moreover, the development of fluorescent-tagged glucose bioprobes has allowed the screening of natural product-based modulators of glucose homeostasis in zebrafish. We hope that the discussion of these advances will illustrate the value and simplicity of establishing zebrafish-based assays for antidiabetic compounds in natural products-based laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Tabassum
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongmei Tai
- Department of Endocrinology, Yanji Hospital, Jilin 133000, China
| | - Da-Woon Jung
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Darren R. Williams
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
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Lee SJ, Choi W, Seo E, Yeom E. Association of Early Atherosclerosis with Vascular Wall Shear Stress in Hypercholesterolemic Zebrafish. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142945. [PMID: 26561854 PMCID: PMC4643039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease, the role of hemodynamic information has become more important. Low and oscillating wall shear stress (WSS) that changes its direction is associated with the early stage of atherosclerosis. Several in vitro and in vivo models were proposed to reveal the relation between the WSS and the early atherosclerosis. However, these models possess technical limitations in mimicking real physiological conditions and monitoring the developmental course of the early atherosclerosis. In this study, a hypercholesterolaemic zebrafish model is proposed as a novel experimental model to resolve these limitations. Zebrafish larvae are optically transparent, which enables temporal observation of pathological variations under in vivo condition. WSS in blood vessels of 15 days post-fertilisation zebrafish was measured using a micro particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique, and spatial distribution of lipid deposition inside the model was quantitatively investigated after feeding high cholesterol diet for 10 days. Lipids were mainly deposited in blood vessel of low WSS. The oscillating WSS was not induced by the blood flows in zebrafish models. The present hypercholesterolaemic zebrafish would be used as a potentially useful model for in vivo study about the effects of low WSS in the early atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Joon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790–784, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Woorak Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790–784, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunseok Seo
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Dalseong, Daegu 711–873, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunseop Yeom
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790–784, Republic of Korea
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41
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Seto SW, Kiat H, Lee SMY, Bensoussan A, Sun YT, Hoi MPM, Chang D. Zebrafish models of cardiovascular diseases and their applications in herbal medicine research. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 768:77-86. [PMID: 26494630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has recently become a powerful animal model for cardiovascular research and drug discovery due to its ease of maintenance, genetic manipulability and ability for high-throughput screening. Recent advances in imaging techniques and generation of transgenic zebrafish have greatly facilitated in vivo analysis of cellular events of cardiovascular development and pathogenesis. More importantly, recent studies have demonstrated the functional similarity of drug metabolism systems between zebrafish and humans, highlighting the clinical relevance of employing zebrafish in identifying lead compounds in Chinese herbal medicine with potential beneficial cardiovascular effects. This paper seeks to summarise the scope of zebrafish models employed in cardiovascular studies and the application of these research models in Chinese herbal medicine to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai-Wang Seto
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Hosen Kiat
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon M Y Lee
- State Key Laboratory Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Alan Bensoussan
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Yu-Ting Sun
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Maggie P M Hoi
- State Key Laboratory Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Dennis Chang
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.
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Switching to zebrafish neurobehavioral models: The obsessive–compulsive disorder paradigm. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 759:142-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Bogatan S, Cevik D, Demidov V, Vanderploeg J, Panchbhaya A, Vitkin A, Jacobs JR. Talin Is Required Continuously for Cardiomyocyte Remodeling during Heart Growth in Drosophila. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131238. [PMID: 26110760 PMCID: PMC4482443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanotransduction of tension can govern the remodeling of cardiomyocytes during growth or cardiomyopathy. Tension is signaled through the integrin adhesion complexes found at muscle insertions and costameres but the relative importance of signalling during cardiomyocyte growth versus remodelling has not been assessed. Employing the Drosophila cardiomyocyte as a genetically amenable model, we depleted the levels of Talin, a central component of the integrin adhesion complex, at different stages of heart growth and remodeling. We demonstrate a continuous requirement for Talin during heart growth to maintain the one-to-one apposition of myofibril ends between cardiomyocytes. Retracted myofibrils cannot regenerate appositions to adjacent cells after restoration of normal Talin expression, and the resulting deficit reduces heart contraction and lifespan. Reduction of Talin during heart remodeling after hatching or during metamorphosis results in pervasive degeneration of cell contacts, myofibril length and number, for which restored Talin expression is insufficient for regeneration. Resultant dilated cardiomyopathy results in a fibrillating heart with poor rhythmicity. Cardiomyocytes have poor capacity to regenerate deficits in myofibril orientation and insertion, despite an ongoing capacity to remodel integrin based adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simina Bogatan
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Duygu Cevik
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Valentin Demidov
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica Vanderploeg
- Department of Biology, Taylor University, Euler Science Complex, 236 W. Reade Ave, Upland, IN, 46989, United States of America
| | | | - Alex Vitkin
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J. Roger Jacobs
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Sironi L, Bouzin M, Inverso D, D'Alfonso L, Pozzi P, Cotelli F, Guidotti LG, Iannacone M, Collini M, Chirico G. In vivo flow mapping in complex vessel networks by single image correlation. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7341. [PMID: 25475129 PMCID: PMC4256590 DOI: 10.1038/srep07341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a novel method (FLICS, FLow Image Correlation Spectroscopy) to extract flow speeds in complex vessel networks from a single raster-scanned optical xy-image, acquired in vivo by confocal or two-photon excitation microscopy. Fluorescent flowing objects produce diagonal lines in the raster-scanned image superimposed to static morphological details. The flow velocity is obtained by computing the Cross Correlation Function (CCF) of the intensity fluctuations detected in pairs of columns of the image. The analytical expression of the CCF has been derived by applying scanning fluorescence correlation concepts to drifting optically resolved objects and the theoretical framework has been validated in systems of increasing complexity. The power of the technique is revealed by its application to the intricate murine hepatic microcirculatory system where blood flow speed has been mapped simultaneously in several capillaries from a single xy-image and followed in time at high spatial and temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sironi
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Physics Department, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Margaux Bouzin
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Physics Department, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Donato Inverso
- 1] Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, I-20132, Milan, Italy [2] Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, I-20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura D'Alfonso
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Physics Department, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Pozzi
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Physics Department, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Cotelli
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Life Sciences, Via Celoria 26, I-20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca G Guidotti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, I-20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- 1] Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, I-20132, Milan, Italy [2] Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, I-20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Collini
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Physics Department, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Chirico
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Physics Department, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126, Milan, Italy
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Romero L, Vela JM. Alternative Models in Drug Discovery and Development Part II:In VivoNonmammalian and Exploratory/Experimental Human Models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527679348.ch03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Patten SA, Armstrong GAB, Lissouba A, Kabashi E, Parker JA, Drapeau P. Fishing for causes and cures of motor neuron disorders. Dis Model Mech 2014; 7:799-809. [PMID: 24973750 PMCID: PMC4073270 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.015719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor neuron disorders (MNDs) are a clinically heterogeneous group of neurological diseases characterized by progressive degeneration of motor neurons, and share some common pathological pathways. Despite remarkable advances in our understanding of these diseases, no curative treatment for MNDs exists. To better understand the pathogenesis of MNDs and to help develop new treatments, the establishment of animal models that can be studied efficiently and thoroughly is paramount. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is increasingly becoming a valuable model for studying human diseases and in screening for potential therapeutics. In this Review, we highlight recent progress in using zebrafish to study the pathology of the most common MNDs: spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). These studies indicate the power of zebrafish as a model to study the consequences of disease-related genes, because zebrafish homologues of human genes have conserved functions with respect to the aetiology of MNDs. Zebrafish also complement other animal models for the study of pathological mechanisms of MNDs and are particularly advantageous for the screening of compounds with therapeutic potential. We present an overview of their potential usefulness in MND drug discovery, which is just beginning and holds much promise for future therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunmoogum A Patten
- Department of Neuroscience, FRQS Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central and CRCHUM, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Gary A B Armstrong
- Department of Neuroscience, FRQS Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central and CRCHUM, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alexandra Lissouba
- Department of Neuroscience, FRQS Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central and CRCHUM, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Edor Kabashi
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Centre de Recherche, CHU Pitié-Salpétrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - J Alex Parker
- Department of Neuroscience, FRQS Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central and CRCHUM, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Pierre Drapeau
- Department of Neuroscience, FRQS Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central and CRCHUM, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
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Johnson BM, Garrity DM, Dasi LP. Quantifying function in the early embryonic heart. J Biomech Eng 2014; 135:041006. [PMID: 24231901 DOI: 10.1115/1.4023701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects arise during the early stages of development, and studies have linked abnormal blood flow and irregular cardiac function to improper cardiac morphogenesis. The embryonic zebrafish offers superb optical access for live imaging of heart development. Here, we build upon previously used techniques to develop a methodology for quantifying cardiac function in the embryonic zebrafish model. Imaging was performed using bright field microscopy at 1500 frames/s at 0.76 μm/pixel. Heart function was manipulated in a wild-type zebrafish at ∼55 h post fertilization (hpf). Blood velocity and luminal diameter were measured at the atrial inlet and atrioventricular junction (AVJ) by analyzing spatiotemporal plots. Control volume analysis was used to estimate the flow rate waveform, retrograde fractions, stroke volume, and cardiac output. The diameter and flow waveforms at the inlet and AVJ are highly repeatable between heart beats. We have developed a methodology for quantifying overall heart function, which can be applied to early stages of zebrafish development.
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De Luca E, Zaccaria GM, Hadhoud M, Rizzo G, Ponzini R, Morbiducci U, Santoro MM. ZebraBeat: a flexible platform for the analysis of the cardiac rate in zebrafish embryos. Sci Rep 2014. [PMCID: PMC4790192 DOI: 10.1038/srep04898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heartbeat measurement is important in assesssing cardiac function because variations in heart rhythm can be the cause as well as an effect of hidden pathological heart conditions. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as one of the most useful model organisms for cardiac research. Indeed, the zebrafish heart is easily accessible for optical analyses without conducting invasive procedures and shows anatomical similarity to the human heart. In this study, we present a non-invasive, simple, cost-effective process to quantify the heartbeat in embryonic zebrafish. To achieve reproducibility, high throughput and flexibility (i.e., adaptability to any existing confocal microscope system and with a user-friendly interface that can be easily used by researchers), we implemented this method within a software program. We show here that this platform, called ZebraBeat, can successfully detect heart rate variations in embryonic zebrafish at various developmental stages, and it can record cardiac rate fluctuations induced by factors such as temperature and genetic- and chemical-induced alterations. Applications of this methodology may include the screening of chemical libraries affecting heart rhythm and the identification of heart rhythm variations in mutants from large-scale forward genetic screens.
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Berndt C, Poschmann G, Stühler K, Holmgren A, Bräutigam L. Zebrafish heart development is regulated via glutaredoxin 2 dependent migration and survival of neural crest cells. Redox Biol 2014; 2:673-8. [PMID: 24944912 PMCID: PMC4060141 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutaredoxin 2 is a vertebrate specific oxidoreductase of the thioredoxin family of proteins modulating the intracellular thiol pool. Thereby, glutaredoxin 2 is important for specific redox signaling and regulates embryonic development of brain and vasculature via reversible oxidative posttranslational thiol modifications. Here, we describe that glutaredoxin 2 is also required for successful heart formation. Knock-down of glutaredoxin 2 in zebrafish embryos inhibits the invasion of cardiac neural crest cells into the primary heart field. This leads to impaired heart looping and subsequent obstructed blood flow. Glutaredoxin 2 specificity of the observed phenotype was confirmed by rescue experiments. Active site variants of glutaredoxin 2 revealed that the (de)-glutathionylation activity is required for proper heart formation. Our data suggest that actin might be one target during glutaredoxin 2 regulated cardiac neural crest cell migration and embryonic heart development. In summary, this work represents further evidence for the general importance of redox signaling in embryonic development and highlights additionally the importance of glutaredoxin 2 during embryogenesis. Reversible redox regulation, S-glutathionylation, regulates heart formation. Glutaredoxin 2 controls migration of neural crest cells. Loss of glutaredoxin 2 impairs heart looping and subsequently heart functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Berndt
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ; Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Life Science Center, Merowinger Platz 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gereon Poschmann
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine-University, BMFZ, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine-University, BMFZ, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Arne Holmgren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Bräutigam
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ; Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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50
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Lai YC, Chang WT, Lin KY, Liau I. Optical assessment of the cardiac rhythm of contracting cardiomyocytes in vitro and a pulsating heart in vivo for pharmacological screening. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:1616-1625. [PMID: 24877019 PMCID: PMC4026895 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.001616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Our quest in the pathogenesis and therapies targeting human heart diseases requires assessment of the contractile dynamics of cardiac models of varied complexity, such as isolated cardiomyocytes and the heart of a model animal. It is hence beneficial to have an integral means that can interrogate both cardiomyocytes in vitro and a heart in vivo. Herein we report an application of dual-beam optical reflectometry to determine noninvasively the rhythm of two representative cardiac models-chick embryonic cardiomyocytes and the heart of zebrafish. We probed self-beating cardiomyocytes and revealed the temporally varying contractile frequency with a short-time Fourier transform. Our unique dual-beam setup uniquely records the atrial and ventricular pulsations of zebrafish simultaneously. To minimize the cross talk between signals associated with atrial and ventricular chambers, we particularly modulated the two probe beams at distinct frequencies and extracted the signals specific to individual cardiac chambers with phase-sensitive detection. With this setup, we determined the atrio-ventricular interval, a parameter that is manifested by the electrical conduction from the atrium to the ventricle. To demonstrate pharmacological applications, we characterized zebrafish treated with various cardioactive and cardiotoxic drugs, and identified abnormal cardiac rhythms and atrioventricular (AV) blocks of varied degree. In light of its potential capability to assess cardiac models both in vitro and in vivo and to screen drugs with cardioactivity or toxicity, we expect this approach to have broad applications ranging from cardiopharmacology to developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Lai
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Equal contribution
| | - Wei-Tien Chang
- National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Equal contribution
| | - Kuen-You Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Ian Liau
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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