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Moreira Gobis MDL, Goulart de Souza-Silva T, de Almeida Paula HA. The impact of a western diet on gut microbiota and circadian rhythm: A comprehensive systematic review of in vivo preclinical evidence. Life Sci 2024; 349:122741. [PMID: 38788974 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Here, we present a systematic review that compiles in vivo experimental data regarding the effect of the WD on the gut microbiota and its impact on the circadian rhythm. Additionally, we reviewed studies evaluating the combined effects of WD and circadian cycle disruption on gut microbiota and circadian cycle markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS The original studies indexed in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were screened according to the PRISMA strategy. KEY FINDINGS Preclinical studies revealed that WD triggers circadian rhythmicity disruption, reduces the alpha-diversity of the microbiota and favors the growth of bacterial groups that are detrimental to intestinal homeostasis, such as Clostridaceae, Enterococcus, Parasutterella and Proteobacteria. When the WD is combined with circadian clock disruption, gut dysbiosis become more pronounced. Reduced cycling of Per3, Rev-erb and CLOCK in the intestine, which are related to dysregulation of lipid metabolism and potential metabolic disease, was observed. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, current evidence supports the potential of WD to trigger microbiota dysregulation, disrupt the biological clock, and increase susceptibility to metabolic disorders and potentially chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thaiany Goulart de Souza-Silva
- Institute of Biological Science, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Windred DP, Burns AC, Rutter MK, Ching Yeung CH, Lane JM, Xiao Q, Saxena R, Cain SW, Phillips AJ. Personal light exposure patterns and incidence of type 2 diabetes: analysis of 13 million hours of light sensor data and 670,000 person-years of prospective observation. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2024; 42:100943. [PMID: 39070751 PMCID: PMC11281921 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2024.100943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Background Light at night disrupts circadian rhythms, and circadian disruption is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Whether personal light exposure predicts diabetes risk has not been demonstrated in a large prospective cohort. We therefore assessed whether personal light exposure patterns predicted risk of incident type 2 diabetes in UK Biobank participants, using ∼13 million hours of light sensor data. Methods Participants (N = 84,790, age (M ± SD) = 62.3 ± 7.9 years, 58% female) wore light sensors for one week, recording day and night light exposure. Circadian amplitude and phase were modeled from weekly light data. Incident type 2 diabetes was recorded (1997 cases; 7.9 ± 1.2 years follow-up; excluding diabetes cases prior to light-tracking). Risk of incident type 2 diabetes was assessed as a function of day and night light, circadian phase, and circadian amplitude, adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors, and polygenic risk. Findings Compared to people with dark nights (0-50th percentiles), diabetes risk was incrementally higher across brighter night light exposure percentiles (50-70th: multivariable-adjusted HR = 1.29 [1.14-1.46]; 70-90th: 1.39 [1.24-1.57]; and 90-100th: 1.53 [1.32-1.77]). Diabetes risk was higher in people with lower modeled circadian amplitude (aHR = 1.07 [1.03-1.10] per SD), and with early or late circadian phase (aHR range: 1.06-1.26). Night light and polygenic risk independently predicted higher diabetes risk. The difference in diabetes risk between people with bright and dark nights was similar to the difference between people with low and moderate genetic risk. Interpretation Type 2 diabetes risk was higher in people exposed to brighter night light, and in people exposed to light patterns that may disrupt circadian rhythms. Avoidance of light at night could be a simple and cost-effective recommendation that mitigates risk of diabetes, even in those with high genetic risk. Funding Australian Government Research Training Program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Windred
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Angus C. Burns
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin K. Rutter
- Centre for Biological Timing, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Chris Ho Ching Yeung
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jacqueline M. Lane
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Center for Spatial-temporal Modeling for Applications in Population Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Richa Saxena
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sean W. Cain
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (Sleep Health), Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew J.K. Phillips
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (Sleep Health), Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
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Kang Y, Kang M, Lim H. Age-specific association between meal-skipping patterns and the risk of hyperglycemia in Korean adults: a national cross-sectional study using the KNHANES data. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1697. [PMID: 38918764 PMCID: PMC11201090 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18762-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose metabolism regulation is influenced by age and meal skipping, although research on their interplay with hyperglycemia remains limited. This study aims to explore the intricate relationship between meal-skipping patterns and hyperglycemia risk across distinct age groups in South Korean adults. METHODS Utilizing data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) conducted from 2013 to 2020, comprising 28,530 individuals aged 19 years and older, this study employed multivariable logistic regression models to examine the associations between meal-skipping patterns and the risk of hyperglycemia. RESULTS Meal-skipping patterns were categorized into three groups: no skipping (NS), skipping breakfast (SB), and skipping dinner (SD). Age groups were defined as "young" (aged 19-44), "middle-aged" (aged 45-64), and "elderly" adults (over 65 years old). Among "young" adults, SB was associated with a 1.33-fold higher risk of hyperglycemia (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.14-1.54) compared to NS. Conversely, in "elderly" adults, SD was linked to a 0.49-fold reduced risk (95% CI = 0.29-0.82) when compared to NS. Additionally, we observed that the Korean Health Eating Index (KHEI) scores, representing the quality of diet on a scale of 0 to 100, were consistently lower in SB compared to NS across all age groups. Intriguingly, specifically among the "elderly" group, this score was higher in SD compared to NS (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates age-specific variations in the association between meal-skipping patterns and the risk of hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonji Kang
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kang
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Tan NA, Davidson ZE, Grieger JA, Bonham MP. Time of day and glycaemic response in pregnant women: A gap in current guidelines? Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 61:219-223. [PMID: 38777436 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Advice to monitor and distribute carbohydrate intake is a key recommendation for treatment of gestational diabetes, but fails to consider circadian regulation of glucose homeostasis. In the non-pregnant state, glucose responses to a meal at night-time are significantly higher than during the day and are associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. However, the impact of night time eating on postprandial glucose in pregnancy is uncertain. Using a systematic approach we explored postprandial glucose responses to dietary intake at night compared to during the day in pregnant women. METHODS Searches were conducted in four databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, CINAHL plus and Scopus), in September 2022 (updated, June 2023). Eligible studies reported on postprandial glucose at a minimum of two times a day, after identical meals or an oral glucose tolerance test, in pregnant women with or without gestational diabetes. Publication bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. RESULTS Four eligible studies were retrieved. Two studies reported within group comparison of two timepoints, and observed reduced glucose tolerance in the afternoon compared to the morning in pregnant women, irrespective of diabetes status. The other two studies meeting inclusion criteria did not report time of day comparisons. CONCLUSION It is unclear as to whether the higher (and extended) postprandial glucose levels observed at night in non-pregnant populations are observed in pregnancy. Clinical studies are needed to explore the impact of circadian rhythmicity on glucose metabolism during pregnancy, and the implications of current dietary advice on when and what to eat for management of gestational diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Tan
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Science at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Zoe E Davidson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Science at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Jessica A Grieger
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Maxine P Bonham
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Science at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Minbay M, Khan A, Ghasemi AR, Ingram KK, Ay AA. Sex-specific associations between circadian-related genes and depression in UK Biobank participants highlight links to glucose metabolism, inflammation and neuroplasticity pathways. Psychiatry Res 2024; 337:115948. [PMID: 38788553 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Depressive disorders have increased in global prevalence, making improved management of these disorders a public health priority. Prior research has linked circadian clock genes to depression, either through direct interactions with mood-related pathways in the brain or by modulating the phase of circadian rhythms. Using machine learning and statistical techniques, we explored associations between 157,347 SNP variants from 51 circadian-related genes and depression scores from the patient health questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) in 99,939 UK Biobank participants. Our results highlight multiple pathways linking the circadian system to mood, including metabolic, monoamine, immune, and stress-related pathways. Notably, genes regulating glucose metabolism and inflammation (GSK3B, LEP, RORA, and NOCT) were prominent factors in females, in addition to DELEC1 and USP46, two genes of unknown function. In contrast, FBXL3 and DRD4 emerged as significant risk factors for male depression. We also found epistatic interactions involving RORA, NFIL3, and ZBTB20 as either risk or protective factors for depression, underscoring the importance of transcription factors (ZBTB20, NFIL3) and hormone receptors (RORA) in depression etiology. Understanding the complex, sex-specific links between circadian genes and mood disorders will facilitate the development of therapeutic interventions and enhance the efficacy of multi-target treatments for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mete Minbay
- Department of Computer Science, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
| | - Ayub Khan
- Department of Computer Science, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA; Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
| | - Ali R Ghasemi
- Department of Computer Science, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
| | - Krista K Ingram
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA.
| | - Ahmet A Ay
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
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Latha Laxmi IP, Job AT, Manickam V, Tamizhselvi R. Intertwined relationship of dynamin-related protein 1, mitochondrial metabolism and circadian rhythm. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:488. [PMID: 38578426 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09430-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, mitochondria have gained significant interest in the field of biomedical research due to their impact on human health and ageing. As mitochondrial dynamics are strongly controlled by clock genes, misalignment of the circadian rhythm leads to adverse metabolic health effects. In this review, by exploring various aspects of research and potential links, we hope to update the current understanding of the intricate relationship between DRP1-mediated mitochondrial dynamics and changes in circadian rhythmicity leading to health issues. Thus, this review addresses the potential bidirectional relationships between DRP1-linked mitochondrial function and circadian rhythm misalignment, their impact on different metabolic pathways, and the potential therapeutics for metabolic and systemic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anica Tholath Job
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, 506004, Telangana, India
| | - Venkatraman Manickam
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632104, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasamy Tamizhselvi
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632104, Tamil Nadu, India.
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7
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VoPham T, Ton M, Weaver MD. Spatiotemporal light exposure modeling for environmental circadian misalignment and solar jetlag. Environ Epidemiol 2024; 8:e301. [PMID: 38617425 PMCID: PMC11008630 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Light exposure is the most powerful resetting signal for circadian rhythms. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a high-resolution geospatial light exposure model that measures environmental circadian misalignment (or solar jetlag) as the mismatch between the social clock and sun clock, which occurs from geographic variation in light exposure leading to delayed circadian phase from relatively less morning light exposure and greater evening light exposure with increasing westward position within a time zone. Methods The light exposure model (30 m2 spatial resolution) incorporated geospatial data across the United States on time zones, elevation (using Google Earth Engine), sunrise time, and sunset time to estimate solar jetlag scores (higher values indicate higher environmental circadian misalignment). The validation study compared the light exposure model in 2022, which was linked with geocoded residential addresses of n = 20 participants in Boston, MA (eastern time zone position) and Seattle, WA (western time zone position) using a geographic information system, with illuminance values captured from wearable LYS light sensors and with sun times from the Solar Calculator. Results Western versus eastern positions within a time zone were associated with higher solar jetlag scores from the light exposure model (P < 0.01) and relatively larger differences in sunset time measured using light sensors (social clock) and the Solar Calculator (sun clock) (P = 0.04). Conclusion We developed and validated a geospatial light exposure model, enabling high spatiotemporal resolution and comprehensive characterization of geographic variation in light exposure potentially impacting circadian phase in epidemiologic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang VoPham
- Epidemiology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mimi Ton
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Cancer Prevention Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Matthew D. Weaver
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Mangini C, Zarantonello L, Formentin C, Giusti G, Domenie ED, Ruggerini D, Costa R, Skene DJ, Basso D, Battagliarin L, Di Bella A, Angeli P, Montagnese S. Managing Circadian Disruption due to Hospitalization: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of the CircadianCare Inpatient Management System. J Biol Rhythms 2024; 39:183-199. [PMID: 38153134 DOI: 10.1177/07487304231213916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to test the effects of an inpatient management system (CircadianCare) aimed at limiting the negative impact of hospitalization on sleep by enhancing circadian rhythmicity. Fifty inpatients were randomized to either CircadianCare (n = 25; 18 males, 62.4 ± 1.9 years) or standard of care (n = 25; 14 males, 64.5 ± 2.3 years). On admission, all underwent a full sleep-wake evaluation; they then completed daily sleep diaries and wore an actigraph for the whole length of hospitalization. On days 1 (T0), 7 (T1), and 14 (T2, if still hospitalized), salivary melatonin for dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) and 24-h skin temperature were recorded. In addition, environmental noise, temperature, and illuminance were monitored. Patients in the CircadianCare arm followed 1 of 3 schedules for light/dark, meal, and physical activity timings, based on their diurnal preference/habits. They wore short-wavelength-enriched light-emitting glasses for 45 min after awakening and short-wavelength light filter shades from 18:00 h until sleep onset. While the first, primary registered outcome (reduced sleep-onset latency on actigraphy or diary) was not met, based on sleep diaries, there was a trend (0.05 < p < 0.1) toward an advance in bedtime for CircadianCare compared to standard of care patients between T0 and T1. Similarly, DLMO time significantly advanced in the small group of patients for whom it could be computed on both occasions, with untreated ones starting from earlier baseline values. Patients sleeping near the window had significantly higher sleep efficiency, regardless of treatment arm. As noise fluctuation increased, so did the number of night awakenings, regardless of treatment arm. In conclusion, the CircadianCare management system showed positive results in terms of advancing sleep timing and the circadian rhythm of melatonin. Furthermore, our study identified a combination of environmental noise and lighting indices, which could be easily modulated to prevent hospitalization-related insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mangini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Gianluca Giusti
- Chronobiology Section, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | | | | | - Rodolfo Costa
- Chronobiology Section, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Padova, Italy
| | - Debra J Skene
- Chronobiology Section, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Daniela Basso
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lisa Battagliarin
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Iuav University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Bella
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Angeli
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Montagnese
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Chronobiology Section, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Abid R, Ammar A, Maaloul R, Boudaya M, Souissi N, Hammouda O. Nocturnal Smartphone Use Affects Sleep Quality and Cognitive and Physical Performance in Tunisian School-Age Children. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:856-869. [PMID: 38667810 PMCID: PMC11048860 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nocturnal smartphone use emits blue light, which can adversely affect sleep, leading to a variety of negative effects, particularly in children. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of acute (AC) (one night) and repeated (RC) (five nights) nocturnal smartphone exposure on sleep, cortisol, and next-day performance in Tunisian children. Thirteen participants (seven girls and six boys, age 9 ± 0.6, height 1.32 ± 0.06, weight 34.47 ± 4.41) attended six experimental nights. The experiment started with a baseline night (BL) with no smartphone exposure, followed by repeated sessions of nocturnal smartphone exposure lasting 90 minutes (08:00 pm-09:30 pm). Actigraphy; salivary cortisol; the Stroop test (selective attention); choice reaction time (CRT); N-back (working memory); counter-movement jump (CMJ), composed of flight time (time spent in the CMJ flight phase) and jump height; and a 30 m sprint were assessed the morning after each condition. Both AC and RC shortened total sleep time (TST) (p < 0.01), with a greater decrease with RC (-46.7 min, ∆% = -9.46) than AC (-28.8 min, ∆% = -5.8) compared to BL. AC and RC significantly increased waking after sleep onset (3.5 min, ∆% = 15.05, to 9.9 min, ∆% = 43.11%) and number of errors made on the Stroop test (1.8 error, ∆% = 74.23, to 3.07 error, ∆% = 97.56%). Children made 0.15 and 0.8 more errors (∆% = 6.2 to 57.61%) and spent 46.9 s and 71.6 s more time on CRT tasks (∆% = 7.22 to 11.11%) with AC and RC, respectively, compared to BL. The high-interference index of the Stroop task, CMJ performance, and 30 m sprint speed were only altered (p < 0.01) following RC (0.36, Δ% = 41.52%; -34 s, Δ% = -9.29%, for flight time and -1.23 m, -8.72%, for jump height; 0.49 s, Δ% = 6.48, respectively) when compared to BL. In conclusion, one- or five-night exposure to smartphones disturbed the children's sleep quality and their performance, with more pronounced effects following RC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihab Abid
- Research Unit: Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia;
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, Faculty of Sport Sciences, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France;
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia;
| | - Rami Maaloul
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia;
| | - Mariem Boudaya
- Biochemistry Laboratory, CHU Hedi Chaker, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia;
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Research Unit: Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia;
| | - Omar Hammouda
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, Faculty of Sport Sciences, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France;
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia;
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Lu CF, Cang XM, Liu WS, Wang LH, Huang HY, Wang XQ, Zhao LH, Xu F. A late eating midpoint is associated with increased risk of diabetic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES 2013-2020. Nutr J 2024; 23:39. [PMID: 38520010 PMCID: PMC10960429 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00939-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modifying diet is crucial for diabetes and complication management. Numerous studies have shown that adjusting eating habits to align with the circadian rhythm may positively affect metabolic health. However, eating midpoint, eating duration, and their associations with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) are poorly understood. METHODS The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2020) was examined for information on diabetes and dietary habits. From the beginning and ending times of each meal, we calculated the eating midpoint and eating duration. Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥ 30 mg/g and/or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were the specific diagnostic criteria for DKD. RESULTS In total, details of 2194 subjects with diabetes were collected for analysis. The overall population were divided into four subgroups based on the eating midpoint quartiles. The prevalence of DKD varied noticeably (P = 0.037) across the four categories. When comparing subjects in the second and fourth quartiles of eating midpoint to those in the first one, the odds ratios (ORs) of DKD were 1.31 (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.67) and 1.33 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.70), respectively. And after controlling for potential confounders, the corresponding ORs of DKD in the second and fourth quartiles were 1.42 (95% CI, 1.07 to 1.90) and 1.39 (95% CI, 1.04 to 1.85), respectively. CONCLUSIONS A strong correlation was found between an earlier eating midpoint and a reduced incidence of DKD. Eating early in the day may potentially improve renal outcomes in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Feng Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xiao-Min Cang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Wang-Shu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Li-Hua Wang
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Hai-Yan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xue-Qin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Li-Hua Zhao
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226001, China.
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11
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Miike T, Oniki K, Toyoura M, Tonooka S, Tajima S, Kinoshita J, Saruwatari J, Konishi Y. Disruption of Circadian Sleep/Wake Rhythms in Infants May Herald Future Development of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Clocks Sleep 2024; 6:170-182. [PMID: 38534800 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep6010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether the abnormal rhythms in infants are related to the future development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), using a questionnaire from September to October 2016. The parents of 160 children with ASD (male, n = 123; female, n = 37) were recruited from two hospitals in K and H cities, and as a control group, 145 children (male, n = 75; female, n = 70) were recruited from four nursery schools in T city. The associations between ASD and bedtime and waking time on weekdays and weekends in infancy (<1 years of age), at 1-3 years, and at 3-5 years of ages were studied using a multivariable logistic regression analysis. In particular, at <3 years of age, the following factors were associated with an increased prevalence of ASD in the future: (1) short sleep periods (<8 h); (2) taking a long time to fall asleep (>60 min); (3) sleep beginning after 22:00; (4) a wake-up time after 08:00; and (5) frequent (>3 times) and long-term awakening periods (>60 min). The misalignment and/or shift of the circadian rhythm in infants may be one of the precursors and/or risk factors for the future development of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruhisa Miike
- Hyogo Rehabilitation Central Hospital, Children's Sleep and Development Medical Research Center, Kobe 651-2181, Japan
- Department of Child Development, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kentaro Oniki
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Makiko Toyoura
- Hyogo Rehabilitation Central Hospital, Children's Sleep and Development Medical Research Center, Kobe 651-2181, Japan
| | - Shiro Tonooka
- Kagoshima Comprehensive Clinic for Disabled Children, Kagoshima 891-0175, Japan
| | - Seiki Tajima
- Hyogo Rehabilitation Central Hospital, Children's Sleep and Development Medical Research Center, Kobe 651-2181, Japan
| | - Jun Kinoshita
- Japanese Association of Baby Science Learners, Tokushima 770-0052, Japan
| | - Junji Saruwatari
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Yukuo Konishi
- Center for Baby Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto 619-0225, Japan
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12
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Aljahdali AA, Shi Z. Circadian Syndrome Is Associated with Dietary Patterns among Middle-Older Americans: The Health and Retirement Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:760. [PMID: 38542672 PMCID: PMC10975158 DOI: 10.3390/nu16060760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Population aging is a global demographic characteristic of the 21st century, and healthy eating is a core component of healthy aging. However, limited evidence is available among older adults for associations between diet quality and circadian syndrome (CircS). Thus, this study examined associations between dietary patterns and CircS among a representative sample of middle-older adults in the US. The sample comprised middle-older adults enrolled in the 2016 core wave of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and one of its sub-studies, the 2013 Health Care and Nutrition Study (HCNS). A food frequency questionnaire was used to quantify habitual food intake and identify dietary patterns using a factor analysis. CircS was defined based on the existence of ≥4 components of metabolic syndrome and indicators of sleep disorders and depression. A total of 4253 middle-older adults with a mean age (SD) of 65.4 (10.0) years were included in the study. The prevalence of CircS was 35.9%. Comparing extreme quartiles of the "Prudent Pattern", the odds ratio (95% CI) for CircS was 0.72 (0.55-0.94), and it was 1.47 (1.10-1.95) for the "Western Pattern". The "Western Pattern" was positively associated while the "Prudent Pattern" was inversely associated with the odds of CircS among middle-older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Ali Aljahdali
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zumin Shi
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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13
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Habiby M, Ezati P, Soltanian D, Rahehagh R, Hosseini F. Comparison of three methods of intermittent fasting in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25708. [PMID: 38390147 PMCID: PMC10881537 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Intermittent fasting (IF), describes a variety of diets that the individual is exposed to intermittent periods of fasting and refeeding. The present study was designed to compare the three most popular intermittent fasting methods in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice. Methods 50 male C57BL/6 mice were divided into Normal Control (CN), High-Fat Control (CH), IF1 (Alternate Day Fasting), IF2 (Time-Restricted Feeding), IF3 (5:2 Diet) diets. In the first phase of the study, the mice were fed ad libitum either with a 54% Calorie high-fat (CH, IF1, IF2, IF3) or standard CHOW (CN) for 8 weeks. Then, in the intervention phase, the IF groups were fasted for four weeks based on their fasting protocol. At the end of the study, the mice fasting blood, liver and fat tissue samples were biochemically and pathologically assessed. Results The weight loss during the fasting period in IF1 and IF2 groups was significantly greater than CH. The epididymal fat pad weight was significantly lower in IF2 and IF3 compared to CH. The serum Triglyceride was significantly greater in CH than in the CN group. The tissue injury scores of the high-fat-diet groups were significantly greater than CN. Also, the tissue injury score was greater in IF1 group compared to the high-fat control group. Conclusion All of the fasting protocols can prompt acceptable energy restriction and the ADF and TRF protocols can significantly cause weight loss. Also, the TRF and 5:2 Diets can lower the visceral adiposity. However further human studies focusing on dietary adherence seem necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Habiby
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Pourya Ezati
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Danial Soltanian
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ramesh Rahehagh
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Foruzan Hosseini
- Department of Medical Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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14
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Ezpeleta M, Cienfuegos S, Lin S, Pavlou V, Gabel K, Tussing-Humphreys L, Varady KA. Time-restricted eating: Watching the clock to treat obesity. Cell Metab 2024; 36:301-314. [PMID: 38176412 PMCID: PMC11221496 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Time-restricted eating (TRE) has become a popular strategy to treat obesity. TRE involves confining the eating window to 4-10 h per day and fasting for the remaining hours (14-20 h fast). During the eating window, individuals are not required to monitor food intake. The sudden rise in popularity of TRE is most likely due to its simplicity and the fact that it does not require individuals to count calories to lose weight. This feature of TRE may appeal to certain individuals with obesity, and this could help produce lasting metabolic health improvements. The purpose of this review is to summarize current evidence from randomized clinical trials of TRE (without calorie counting) on body weight and metabolic risk factors. The efficacy of TRE in various populations groups, including those with obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), is also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Ezpeleta
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sofia Cienfuegos
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shuhao Lin
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vasiliki Pavlou
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kelsey Gabel
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lisa Tussing-Humphreys
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Krista A Varady
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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15
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Jesse TG, Becer E, Kalkan R. Identification of the Relationship Between DNA Methylation of Circadian Rhythm Genes and Obesity. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:281-293. [PMID: 37329425 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10415-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In children, teenagers, and young adults, environmental factors and genetic modifications have contributed to the development of obesity. There is a close relationship between obesity and circadian rhythm. To understand the role of CLOCK and BMAL1 in obesity, we analyzed the methylation status of CLOCK and BMAL1 in obese and control subjects. In this paper, we analyzed the methylation status of the CLOCK and BMAL1 genes by using MS-HRM in a total of 55 obese and 54 control subjects. In our study, we demonstrated that the level of fasting glucose and the level of HDL-cholesterol were associated with CLOCK methylation in obesity. We also showed a significant association between BMAL1 gene methylation and waist and hip circumference in obese subjects. This is the first study that shows the methylation of BMAL1 is associated with the obese phenotype. However, we could not show a direct association between CLOCK methylation and the obese phenotype. In this paper, a novel epigenetic interaction between circadian clock genes and obesity was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirah Galaya Jesse
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Mersin 10, Nicosia, 99138, Turkey
| | - Eda Becer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Mersin 10, Famagusta, 99628, Turkey
| | - Rasime Kalkan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Mersin 10, Nicosia, 99138, Turkey.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Cyprus Health and Social Sciences University, Mersin 10, Guzelyurt, 99138, Turkey.
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16
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Sakai S, Tanaka Y, Tsukamoto Y, Kimura-Ohba S, Hesaka A, Hamase K, Hsieh CL, Kawakami E, Ono H, Yokote K, Yoshino M, Okuzaki D, Matsumura H, Fukushima A, Mita M, Nakane M, Doi M, Isaka Y, Kimura T. d -Alanine Affects the Circadian Clock to Regulate Glucose Metabolism in the Kidney. KIDNEY360 2024; 5:237-251. [PMID: 38098136 PMCID: PMC10914205 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000000000000345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Key Points d -Alanine affects the circadian clock to regulate gluconeogenesis in the kidney. d -Alanine itself has a clear intrinsic circadian rhythm, which is regulated by urinary excretion, and acts on the circadian rhythm. d -Alanine is a signal activator for circadian rhythm and gluconeogenesis through circadian transcriptional network. Background The aberrant glucose circadian rhythm is associated with the pathogenesis of diabetes. Similar to glucose metabolism in the kidney and liver, d -alanine, a rare enantiomer of alanine, shows circadian alteration, although the effect of d- alanine on glucose metabolism has not been explored. Here, we show that d- alanine acts on the circadian clock and affects glucose metabolism in the kidney. Methods The blood and urinary levels of d -alanine in mice were measured using two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography system. Metabolic effects of d -alanine were analyzed in mice and in primary culture of kidney proximal tubular cells from mice. Behavioral and gene expression analyses of circadian rhythm were performed using mice bred under constant darkness. Results d- Alanine levels in blood exhibited a clear intrinsic circadian rhythm. Since this rhythm was regulated by the kidney through urinary excretion, we examined the effect of d -alanine on the kidney. In the kidney, d -alanine induced the expressions of genes involved in gluconeogenesis and circadian rhythm. Treatment of d- alanine mediated glucose production in mice. Ex vivo glucose production assay demonstrated that the treatment of d -alanine induced glucose production in primary culture of kidney proximal tubular cells, where d -amino acids are known to be reabsorbed, but not in that of liver cells. Gluconeogenetic effect of d -alanine has an intraday variation, and this effect was in part mediated through circadian transcriptional network. Under constant darkness, treatment of d- alanine normalized the circadian cycle of behavior and kidney gene expressions. Conclusions d- Alanine induces gluconeogenesis in the kidney and adjusts the period of the circadian clock. Normalization of circadian cycle by d -alanine may provide the therapeutic options for life style–related diseases and shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Sakai
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Reverse Translational Project, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
- KAGAMI Project, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Youichi Tanaka
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsukamoto
- Reverse Translational Project, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
- KAGAMI Project, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shihoko Kimura-Ohba
- Reverse Translational Project, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
- KAGAMI Project, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hesaka
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Reverse Translational Project, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
- KAGAMI Project, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Hamase
- Reverse Translational Project, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chin-Ling Hsieh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eiryo Kawakami
- Reverse Translational Project, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Artificial Intelligence Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Advanced Data Science (ADSP), RIKEN Information R&D and Strategy Headquarters, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Academic Research (IAAR), Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiraku Ono
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontorogy, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University,Chiba, Japan
| | - Kotaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontorogy, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University,Chiba, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Yoshino
- Laboratory of Rare Disease Information and Resource library, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Disease, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Matsumura
- Reverse Translational Project, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
- KAGAMI Project, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsuko Fukushima
- Reverse Translational Project, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
- KAGAMI Project, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Masao Doi
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Isaka
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kimura
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Reverse Translational Project, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
- KAGAMI Project, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
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17
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Xu YX, Zhang JH, Ding WQ. Association of light at night with cardiometabolic disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123130. [PMID: 38081378 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Light at night (LAN) is a significant but underappreciated risk factor contributing to cardiometabolic disease (CMD). We therefore conducted the review examining the relationship of LAN exposure with CMD in order to investigate the effects of LAN exposure on CMD. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus for eligible studies published from database inception to August 17, 2023. The pooled effect size was calculated using random-effects models. Heterogeneity among the studies was quantified by Cochran's Q test and I2 statistic. A total of 1,019,739 participants from 14 studies (5 cohort studies and 9 cross-sectional) were included. Among the 14 eligible studies, 9 on obesity, 4 on diabetes, 2 on hypertension, 1 on dyslipidemia, and 1 on coronary heart disease. Exposure to higher levels of LAN were associated with 21% higher risk of CMD (Summary risk ratio, SRR: 1.21, 95% CI = 1.16-1.27), accompanied by substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 61%; tau2 = 0.004; Cochran's Q = 41.02). Specifically, individuals in the highest category of LAN exposure exhibited 23% higher risk of obesity (SRR: 1.23, 95% CI = 1.14-1.32), 46% higher risk of diabetes (SRR: 1.46, 95% CI = 1.05-2.03) and 21% higher risk of other CMDs (SRR: 1.21, 95% CI = 1.10-1.34). Subgroup analyses revealed that the pooled-effect size of LAN and CMD was higher for indoor LAN than outdoor LAN (indoor LAN: SRR = 1.36; outdoor LAN: SRR = 1.17, P = 0.03). The overall quality was rated as moderate using GRADE guideline. Our study strengthens the evidence on the increase in CMD risk due to LAN exposure. Findings from this study have important implications for identifying modifiable risk factor of CMD, future prevention strategy development, and resource allocation for high-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xiang Xu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Jiang-Hui Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Qin Ding
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui, China
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18
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Erren TC, Morfeld P. Circadian epidemiology: Structuring circadian causes of disease and practical implications. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:38-52. [PMID: 38047448 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2288219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
That disruptions of the body's internal clockwork can lead to negative health consequences, including cancer, is a plausible hypothesis. Yet, despite strong mechanistic and animal support, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) experts considered epidemiological evidence as limited regarding the carcinogenicity of "shift-work involving circadian disruption" (2007) and "night shift work" (2019). We use directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) to outline a concept of circadian causes that discloses challenges when choosing appropriate exposure variables. On this basis, we propose to move beyond shift-work alone as a direct cause of disease. Instead, quantifying chronodisruption as individual doses can lead to interpretable circadian epidemiology. The hypothesis is that doses of chronodisruption cause disrupted circadian organisation by leading to desynchronization of circadian rhythms. Chronodisruption can be conceptualized as the split physiological nexus of internal and external times. Biological (or internal) night - an individual's intrinsically favoured sleep time window - could be the backbone of circadian epidemiology. In practice, individual doses that cause disrupted circadian organisation are derived from the intersection of time intervals of being awake and an individual's biological night. After numerous studies counted work shifts, chronobiology may now advance circadian epidemiology with more specific dose estimation - albeit with greater challenges in measurement (time-dependent individual data) and analysis (time-dependent confounding).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Erren
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Peter Morfeld
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
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Srivastava SP, Upadhyay P, Das S, Tiwari N, Mishra S, Tripathi SM. Managing Diabetic Complications with Alternative Therapeutic Strategies. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e070923220791. [PMID: 37691189 DOI: 10.2174/1573399820666230907112430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease affecting millions worldwide. It is characterized by a lack of insulin production or impaired insulin function, leading to elevated blood glucose levels. Conventional treatment methods for diabetes management typically include lifestyle changes and medications. However, alternative therapies have gained attention in recent years, including traditional medicine containing bioactive compounds, supplements like vitamin D and Omega-3 fatty acids, aromatherapy, and homeopathy. Diabetic complications are common in patients with uncontrolled diabetes and can lead to serious health problems, including diabetic retinopathy, impaired wound healing, kidney disease, nerve damage, and cardiovascular disease. Alternative remedies, such as traditional medicine containing bioactive compounds, supplements, and aromatherapy, have been studied for their potential benefits in managing these complications. Traditional medicines like bitter melon, cinnamon, and fenugreek have been shown to have anti-diabetic effects due to their bioactive compounds. Similarly, supplements like vitamin D and Omega-3 fatty acids have been found to improve glycemic control in patients with diabetes. Aromatherapy, which involves the use of essential oils, has also been explored for its potential benefits in diabetes management. Homeopathy, which uses highly diluted substances to stimulate the body's natural healing abilities, has been used to treat diabetes-related symptoms like neuropathy and wounds. Personalized care is essential in natural diabetes management because each person's body and health needs are unique. A holistic approach that addresses the individual's physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being is essential. As research in this field continues to expand, a more comprehensive understanding of diabetes management will lead to improved outcomes for those living with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pawan Upadhyay
- Department of Pharmacy, Maharishi University of Information Technology, Lucknow, India
| | - Shibu Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Maharishi University of Information Technology, Lucknow, India
| | - Neha Tiwari
- Khyati College of Pharmacy, Palodia, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Sudhanshu Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Shivendra Mani Tripathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India
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20
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Goodman MO, Dashti HS, Lane JM, Windred DP, Burns A, Jones SE, Sofer T, Purcell SM, Zhu X, Ollila HM, Kyle SD, Spiegelhalder K, Peker Y, Huang T, Cain SW, Phillips AJK, Saxena R, Rutter MK, Redline S, Wang H. Causal Association Between Subtypes of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e030568. [PMID: 38084713 PMCID: PMC10863774 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.030568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), experienced in 10% to 20% of the population, has been associated with cardiovascular disease and death. However, the condition is heterogeneous and is prevalent in individuals having short and long sleep duration. We sought to clarify the relationship between sleep duration subtypes of EDS with cardiovascular outcomes, accounting for these subtypes. METHODS AND RESULTS We defined 3 sleep duration subtypes of excessive daytime sleepiness: normal (6-9 hours), short (<6 hours), and long (>9 hours), and compared these with a nonsleepy, normal-sleep-duration reference group. We analyzed their associations with incident myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke using medical records of 355 901 UK Biobank participants and performed 2-sample Mendelian randomization for each outcome. Compared with healthy sleep, long-sleep EDS was associated with an 83% increased rate of MI (hazard ratio, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.21-2.77]) during 8.2-year median follow-up, adjusting for multiple health and sociodemographic factors. Mendelian randomization analysis provided supporting evidence of a causal role for a genetic long-sleep EDS subtype in MI (inverse-variance weighted β=1.995, P=0.001). In contrast, we did not find evidence that other subtypes of EDS were associated with incident MI or any associations with stroke (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests the previous evidence linking EDS with increased cardiovascular disease risk may be primarily driven by the effect of its long-sleep subtype on higher risk of MI. Underlying mechanisms remain to be investigated but may involve sleep irregularity and circadian disruption, suggesting a need for novel interventions in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew O. Goodman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian DisordersBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Department of Neurology and MedicineHarvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Broad InstituteCambridgeMA
| | - Hassan S. Dashti
- Broad InstituteCambridgeMA
- Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
| | - Jacqueline M. Lane
- Division of Sleep and Circadian DisordersBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Department of Neurology and MedicineHarvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Broad InstituteCambridgeMA
- Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Daniel P. Windred
- School of Psychological SciencesTurner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Angus Burns
- Broad InstituteCambridgeMA
- Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
- School of Psychological SciencesTurner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Samuel E. Jones
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM)University of HelsinkiFinland
- University of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUnited Kingdom
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian DisordersBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Department of Neurology and MedicineHarvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Department of BiostatisticsHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA
| | - Shaun M. Purcell
- Division of Sleep and Circadian DisordersBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Department of Neurology and MedicineHarvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Broad InstituteCambridgeMA
- Department of PsychiatryBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health SciencesCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH
| | - Hanna M. Ollila
- Broad InstituteCambridgeMA
- Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM)University of HelsinkiFinland
| | - Simon D. Kyle
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Kai Spiegelhalder
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyMedical Centre–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Yuksel Peker
- Division of Sleep and Circadian DisordersBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Department of Neurology and MedicineHarvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Department of Pulmonary MedicineKoç University School of MedicineIstanbulTurkey
- Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgSweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Faculty of MedicineLund UniversityLundSweden
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPA
| | - Tianyi Huang
- Department of Neurology and MedicineHarvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Channing Division of Network MedicineBrigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Sean W. Cain
- School of Psychological SciencesTurner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Andrew J. K. Phillips
- School of Psychological SciencesTurner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Richa Saxena
- Broad InstituteCambridgeMA
- Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
| | - Martin K. Rutter
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism CentreManchester University NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian DisordersBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Department of Neurology and MedicineHarvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
| | - Heming Wang
- Division of Sleep and Circadian DisordersBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Department of Neurology and MedicineHarvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
- Broad InstituteCambridgeMA
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21
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Sun J, Tang B, Ho CT, Lu M. Piperine Attenuates Bmal1-Mediated Glucose Metabolism Disorder in a Trpv1-Dependent Manner in HepG2 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:19581-19591. [PMID: 38038344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Piperine (PIP), a pungent alkaloid found in black pepper, has various pharmacological effects by activating the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor. In this study, the regulating effect of PIP on glucose metabolism and the underlying mechanism were examined using an insulin-resistant cell model. Results showed that PIP alleviated glucosamine (GlcN)-induced glucose metabolism disorder (from 59.19 ± 1.90 to 88.36 ± 6.57%), restored cellular redox balance (from 148.43 ± 3.52 to 110.47 ± 3.52%), improved mitochondrial function (from 63.76 ± 4.87 to 85.98 ± 5.12%), and mitigated circadian disruption in HepG2 cells via the mediation of circadian clock gene Bmal1. After the knockdown of the Trpv1 gene, the modulating effect of PIP on Bmal1-mediated glucose metabolism was weakened, indicating that PIP alleviated Bmal1-involved insulin resistance and circadian misalignment in a Trpv1-dependent manner in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Biqi Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Muwen Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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22
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Sletten TL, Weaver MD, Foster RG, Gozal D, Klerman EB, Rajaratnam SMW, Roenneberg T, Takahashi JS, Turek FW, Vitiello MV, Young MW, Czeisler CA. The importance of sleep regularity: a consensus statement of the National Sleep Foundation sleep timing and variability panel. Sleep Health 2023; 9:801-820. [PMID: 37684151 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and present consensus findings of the National Sleep Foundation sleep timing and variability panel regarding the impact of sleep timing variability on health and performance. METHODS The National Sleep Foundation assembled a panel of sleep and circadian experts to evaluate the scientific evidence and conduct a formal consensus and voting procedure. A systematic literature review was conducted using the NIH National Library of Medicine PubMed database, and panelists voted on the appropriateness of 3 questions using a modified Delphi RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method with 2 rounds of voting. RESULTS The literature search and panel review identified 63 full text publications to inform consensus voting. Panelists achieved consensus on each question: (1) is daily regularity in sleep timing important for (a) health or (b) performance? and (2) when sleep is of insufficient duration during the week (or work days), is catch-up sleep on weekends (or non-work days) important for health? Based on the evidence currently available, panelists agreed to an affirmative response to all 3 questions. CONCLUSIONS Consistency of sleep onset and offset timing is important for health, safety, and performance. Nonetheless, when insufficient sleep is obtained during the week/work days, weekend/non-work day catch-up sleep may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey L Sletten
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew D Weaver
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Russell G Foster
- Sleep & Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Gozal
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Klerman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shantha M W Rajaratnam
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Till Roenneberg
- Institutes for Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine and Medical Psychology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joseph S Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Fred W Turek
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael V Vitiello
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael W Young
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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23
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Machado GDS, Menezes-Júnior LAAD, Neto RMDN, Freitas SND, Oliveira FLPD, Pimenta FAP, Machado-Coelho GLL, Ribeiro SMLT. Arterial hypertension in rotating shift workers: The role of hypertriglyceridemic waist and hypertriglyceridemic waist-to-height ratio phenotypes. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 58:235-241. [PMID: 38057012 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association of arterial hypertension and the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype (HWP) and hypertriglyceridemic waist-to-height phenotype (HWHP). METHODOLOGY This cross-sectional study was conducted with 1422 male rotating shift workers in Brazil. The HWP was defined as having a waist circumference ≥94 cm and serum triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL, whereas the HWHP was determined by having a waist-to-height ratio ≥0.5 and serum triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL. To provide a characterization of the sample, data were presented in both absolute and relative values, and Pearson's chi-square test was employed. To investigate the potential association between arterial hypertension and the presence of HWP or HWHP, multivariate logistic regression was conducted, accounting for sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical variables. Furthermore, we conducted a stratified multivariate logistic regression analysis, considering the duration of shift work, to assess whether the results remained consistent depending on the length of work experience in shifts. RESULTS A noteworthy association was observed between arterial hypertension and both HWP and HWHP, with HWHP exhibiting a stronger association with the disease. Furthermore, a positive association between arterial hypertension and these phenotypes was identified in workers with five or more years of shift work. CONCLUSION We recommend the utilization of HWHP as a screening tool, as it indicates a stronger association with arterial hypertension compared to HWP. Additionally, the duration of time spent working in shifts emerged as a significant factor influencing the presence of these phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiz Antônio Alves de Menezes-Júnior
- School of Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil; Post-Graduate in Health and Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | - George Luiz Lins Machado-Coelho
- Post-Graduate in Health and Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil; School of Medicine, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
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24
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Malik DM, Rhoades SD, Zhang SL, Sengupta A, Barber A, Haynes P, Arnadottir ES, Pack A, Kibbey RG, Sehgal A, Weljie AM. Glucose Challenge Uncovers Temporal Fungibility of Metabolic Homeostasis Throughout the Day. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.30.564837. [PMID: 37961230 PMCID: PMC10634956 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.30.564837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Rhythmicity is a central feature of behavioral and biological processes including metabolism, however, the mechanisms of metabolite cycling are poorly understood. A robust oscillation in a network of key metabolite pathways downstream of glucose is described in humans, then these pathways mechanistically probed through purpose-built 13C6-glucose isotope tracing in Drosophila every 4h. A temporal peak in biosynthesis was noted by broad labelling of pathways downstream of glucose in wild-type flies shortly following lights on. Krebs cycle labelling was generally increased in a hyperactive mutant (fumin) along with glycolysis labelling primarily observed at dawn. Surprisingly, neither underlying feeding rhythms nor the presence of food explains the rhythmicity of glucose processing across genotypes. These results are consistent with clinical data demonstrating detrimental effects of mis-timed energy intake. This approach provides a window into the dynamic range of metabolic processing ability through the day and mechanistic basis for exploring circadian metabolic homeostasis in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania M. Malik
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Seth D. Rhoades
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Fulgens Consulting, LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Shirley L. Zhang
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Arjun Sengupta
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Annika Barber
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Waksman Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Paula Haynes
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Erna Sif Arnadottir
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Allan Pack
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Richard G. Kibbey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Amita Sehgal
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Aalim M. Weljie
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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25
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Wu H, Liu X, Jiang W, Hu C, Wang X, Tian Z, Gu W, Sun C, Han T, Wei W. The rest-activity rhythm, genetic susceptibility and risk of type 2 diabetes: A prospective study in UK Biobank. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023; 25:3366-3376. [PMID: 37654212 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to examine the association between the rest-activity rhythm (RAR) and the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 97 503 participants without diabetes in the UK Biobank cohort were recruited. Wearable accelerometry was used to monitor circadian behaviour. The parameters of RAR including inter-daily stability, intra-daily variability, relative amplitude (RA), most active continuous 10 h period (M10), and least active continuous 5 h period (L5) were calculated to evaluate the robustness and regularity of the RAR. The weighted polygenic risk score for T2D (T2D-PRS) was calculated. Cox proportion hazards models were used to evaluate the survival relationship and the joint and interaction effects of RAR parameters and T2D-PRS on the occurrence of T2D. RESULTS During 692 257 person-years follow-ups, a total of 2434 participants were documented. After adjustment for potential confounders, compared with participants in the highest quartile of RA and M10, the participants in the lowest quartile had a greater risk of T2D (HRRA = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.76-2.41; HRM10 = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.19-1.49). Meanwhile, the highest quartile of L5 was related to a higher risk of T2D (HR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.55-2.24). The joint analysis showed that the high T2D-PRS with the lowest quartile of RA and M10, or highest quartile of L5 jointly increased the risk of T2D (HRRA = 4.46, 95% CI: 3.36-6.42; HRM10 = 3.15, 95% CI: 2.29-4.32; HRL5 = 3.09, 95% CI: 2.40-3.99). No modification effects of T2D-PRS on the association between the RAR parameters and risk of T2D were observed (p > .05). CONCLUSION The unbalanced RAR are associated with a greater risk of T2D, which are independent of known risk factors of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Wu
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Liu
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenbo Jiang
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Cong Hu
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuanyang Wang
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenbo Gu
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Changhao Sun
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianshu Han
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Wei
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- College of Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Pharmacology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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26
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Smith HA, Watkins JD, Walhin JP, Gonzalez JT, Thompson D, Betts JA. Whey Protein-Enriched and Carbohydrate-Rich Breakfasts Attenuate Insulinemic Responses to an ad libitum Lunch Relative to Extended Morning Fasting: A Randomized Crossover Trial. J Nutr 2023; 153:2842-2853. [PMID: 37557957 PMCID: PMC10613723 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Typical breakfast foods are rich in carbohydrate, so they not only elevate blood glucose during the morning, but also elicit a second-meal effect that can attenuate blood glucose responses in the afternoon. OBJECTIVES To determine whether a reduced-carbohydrate protein-enriched breakfast can elicit similar effects on glucose control later in the day but without hyperglycemia in the morning. METHODS In a randomized crossover design, 12 healthy men and women (age 22 ± 2 y, BMI 24.1 ± 3.6 kg·m-2; Mean ± SD) completed 3 experimental conditions. In all conditions, participants consumed an ad libitum lunch at 1200 ± 1 h but differed in terms of whether they had fasted all morning (control) or had consumed a standardized porridge breakfast at 0900 ± 1 h (320 ± 50 kcal; prescribed relative to resting metabolic rate) that was either carbohydrate-rich (50 ± 10 g CHO) or protein-enriched (that is, isoenergetic substitution of carbohydrate for 15 g whey protein isolate). RESULTS The protein-enriched breakfast reduced the morning glycemic response (iAUC 87 ± 36 mmol·L-1·180 min) relative to the carbohydrate-rich breakfast (119 ± 37 mmol·L-1·180 min; P = 0.03). Despite similar energy intake at lunch in all 3 conditions (protein-enriched 769 ± 278 kcal; carbohydrate-rich 753 ± 223 kcal; fasting 790 ± 227 kcal), postlunch insulinemic responses were markedly attenuated when breakfasts had been consumed that were either protein-enriched (18.0 ± 8.0 nmol·L-1·120 min; P = 0.05) or carbohydrate-rich (16.0 ± 7.7 nmol·L-1·120 min; P = 0.005), relative to when lunch was consumed in an overnight fasted state (26.9 ± 13.5 nmol·L-1·120 min). CONCLUSIONS Breakfast consumption attenuates insulinemic responses to a subsequent meal, achieved with consumption of energy-matched breakfasts typically high in carbohydrates or enriched with whey protein isolate relative to extended morning fasting. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03866720 (clinicaltrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry A Smith
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan D Watkins
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Philippe Walhin
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Javier T Gonzalez
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Dylan Thompson
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - James A Betts
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.
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Liu WJ, Chen JY, Niu SR, Zheng YS, Lin S, Hong Y. Recent advances in the study of circadian rhythm disorders that induce diabetic retinopathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115368. [PMID: 37647688 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a severe microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and a major cause of blindness in young adults. Multiple potential factors influence DR; however, the exact mechanisms are poorly understood. Advanced treatments for DR, including laser therapy, vitrectomy, and intraocular drug injections, slow the disease's progression but fail to cure or reverse visual impairment. Therefore, additional effective methods to prevent and treat DR are required. The biological clock plays a crucial role in maintaining balance in the circadian rhythm of the body. Poor lifestyle habits, such as irregular routines and high-fat diets, may disrupt central and limbic circadian rhythms. Disrupted circadian rhythms can result in altered glucose metabolism and obesity. Misaligned central and peripheral clocks lead to a disorder of the rhythm of glucose metabolism, and chronically high sugar levels lead to the development of DR. We observed a disturbance in clock function in patients with diabetes, and a misaligned clock could accelerate the development of DR. In the current study, we examine the relationship between circadian rhythm disorders, diabetes, and DR. We conclude that: 1) abnormal function of the central clock and peripheral clock leads to abnormal glucose metabolism, further causing DR and 2) diabetes causes abnormal circadian rhythms, further exacerbating DR. Thus, our study presents new insights into the prevention and treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362000, China; Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362000, China
| | - Jie-Yu Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362000, China; Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362000, China
| | - Si-Ru Niu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362000, China; Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362000, China
| | - Yi-Sha Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362000, China; Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362000, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362000, China; Group of Neuroendocrinology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Yu Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362000, China; Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362000, China.
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28
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Galan-Lopez P, Casuso RA. Metabolic Adaptations to Morning Versus Afternoon Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2023; 53:1951-1961. [PMID: 37458979 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01879-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some physiological responses such as circulating glucose as well as muscle performance show a circadian rhythmicity. In the present study we aimed to quantitatively synthesize the data comparing the metabolic adaptations induced by morning and afternoon training. METHODS PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for studies comparing the metabolic adaptations (> 2 weeks) between morning and afternoon training. A meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models with DerSimonian-Laird methods for fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbAc1), homeostatic model assessment (HOMA), insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). RESULTS We identified 9 studies with 11 different populations (n = 450 participants). We found that afternoon exercise was more effective at reducing circulating triglycerides [standardized mean difference (SMD) - 0.32; 95% confidence interval (CI) - 0.616 to - 0.025] than morning training. Moreover, afternoon tended to decrease fasting blood glucose (SMD - 0.24; 95% CI - 0.478 to 0.004) to a greater extent than morning training. CONCLUSION Metabolic adaptations to exercise may be dependent on the time of day. Morning training does not show superior effects to afternoon exercise in any of the analyzed outcomes. However, afternoon training is more effective at reducing circulating triglyceride levels and perhaps at reducing fasting blood glucose than morning training. The study was preregistered at PROSPERO (CRD42021287860).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Galan-Lopez
- Department of Communication and Education, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Seville, Spain
| | - Rafael A Casuso
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Córdoba, Spain.
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Phillips NE, Collet TH, Naef F. Uncovering personalized glucose responses and circadian rhythms from multiple wearable biosensors with Bayesian dynamical modeling. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100545. [PMID: 37671030 PMCID: PMC10475794 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Wearable biosensors and smartphone applications can measure physiological variables over multiple days in free-living conditions. We measure food and drink ingestion, glucose dynamics, physical activity, heart rate (HR), and heart rate variability (HRV) in 25 healthy participants over 14 days. We develop a Bayesian inference framework to learn personal parameters that quantify circadian rhythms and physiological responses to external stressors. Modeling the effects of ingestion events on glucose levels reveals that slower glucose decay kinetics elicit larger postprandial glucose spikes, and we uncover a circadian baseline rhythm for glucose with high amplitudes in some individuals. Physical activity and circadian rhythms explain as much as 40%-65% of the HR variance, whereas the variance explained for HRV is more heterogeneous across individuals. A more complex model incorporating activity, HR, and HRV explains up to 15% of additional glucose variability, highlighting the relevance of integrating multiple biosensors to better predict glucose dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E. Phillips
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Nutrition Unit, Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nutrition and Therapeutic Education, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tinh-Hai Collet
- Nutrition Unit, Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nutrition and Therapeutic Education, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Felix Naef
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Su HC, Sun YT, Yang MY, Wu CY, Hsu CM. Dihydroisotanshinone I and BMAL-SIRT1 Pathway in an In Vitro 6-OHDA-Induced Model of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11088. [PMID: 37446264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Danshen has been widely used for the treatment of central nervous system diseases. We investigated the effect of dihydroisotanshinone I (DT), a compound extracted from Danshen, as well as the corresponding mechanisms in an in vitro-based 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) model. SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell lines were pretreated with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and challenged with DT. Subsequently, the cell viability and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caspase-3 were analyzed. The effect of DT on the 6-OHDA-treated SH-SY5Y cells and the expression of the core circadian clock genes were measured using a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Our results indicated that DT attenuated the 6-OHDA-induced cell death in the SH-SY5Y cells and suppressed ROS and caspase-3. Moreover, DT reversed both the RNA and protein levels of BMAL1 and SIRT1 in the 6-OHDA-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Additionally, the SIRT1 inhibitor attenuated the effect of DT on BMAL1 and reduced the cell viability. The DT and SIRT1 activators activated SIRT1 and BMAL1, and then reduced the death of the SH-SY5Y cells damaged by 6-OHDA. SIRT1 silencing was enhanced by DT and resulted in a BMAL1 downregulation and a reduction in cell viability. In conclusion, our investigation suggested that DT reduces cell apoptosis, including an antioxidative effect due to a reduction in ROS, and regulates the circadian genes by enhancing SIRT1 and suppressing BMAL1. DT may possess novel therapeutic potential for PD in the future, but further in vivo studies are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chen Su
- Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ting Sun
- Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yu Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yuan Wu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Hsu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
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Marot LP, Lopes TDVC, Balieiro LCT, Crispim CA, Moreno CRC. Impact of Nighttime Food Consumption and Feasibility of Fasting during Night Work: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112570. [PMID: 37299533 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Shift work has been associated with an increased risk of developing chronic non-communicable diseases, such as obesity. The reduction in overnight fasting and its physiological consequences seem to affect the metabolic health of shift workers, but little has been discussed regarding the feasibility and implications of maintaining a night-long fast during work. This narrative review aims to discuss the impact of eating behavior on the reduction of overnight fasting in shift workers, as well as possible nutritional strategies involving fasting that have been tested for shift workers, to contribute to the establishment of nutritional guidelines for them. We used various databases and search engines to retrieve relevant articles, reviews, and investigations. Despite the potential benefits of overnight fasting for other groups, few studies have investigated this approach in the context of shift work. Generally, it seems to be a feasible and metabolically beneficial strategy for shift workers. However, it is essential to investigate the potential risks and benefits of reducing the fasting time for shift workers, considering social, hedonic, and stress-related factors. Furthermore, randomized clinical trials are necessary to establish safe and feasible strategies for shift workers to practice different fasting windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Pereira Marot
- Chrononutrition Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Tássia do Vale Cardoso Lopes
- Chrononutrition Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38405-320, Brazil
| | | | - Cibele Aparecida Crispim
- Chrononutrition Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Roberta Castro Moreno
- Department of Health, Life Cycles and Society, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-904, Brazil
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Gao L, Zheng X, Baker SN, Li P, Scheer FAJL, Nogueira RC, Hu K. Associations of rest-activity rhythm disturbances with stroke risk and post-stroke adverse outcomes. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.05.14.23289966. [PMID: 37292791 PMCID: PMC10246053 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.14.23289966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Almost all biological and disease processes are influenced by circadian clocks and display ∼24-hour rhythms. Disruption of these rhythms may be an important novel risk factor for stroke. We evaluated the association between 24-h rest-activity rhythm measures, stroke risk, and major post-stroke adverse outcomes. Methods In this cohort study, we examined ∼100,000 participants in the UK Biobank (44-79 years old; ∼57% females) who underwent an actigraphy (6-7 days) and 5-year median follow-up. We derived: (1) most active 10 hours activity counts ( M10 ) across the 24-h cycle and the timing of its midpoint ( M10 midpoint ); (2) the least active 5 hours counts ( L5 ) and its midpoint timing ( L5 midpoint ); (3) relative amplitude ( RA ) - (M10-L5)/(M10+L5); (4) interdaily stability (IS): stability and (5) intradaily variability (IV), fragmentation of the rhythm. Cox proportional hazard models were constructed for time to (i) incident stroke (n=1,652); and (ii) post-stroke adverse outcomes (dementia, depression, disability, or death). Results Suppressed RA (lower M10 and higher L5) was associated with stroke risk after adjusting for demographics; the risk was highest in the lowest quartile [Q1] for RA (HR=1.62; 95% CI:1.36-1.93, p <0.001) compared to the top quartile [Q4]. Participants with later M10 midpoint timing (14:00-15:26, HR=1.26, CI:1.07-1.49, p =0.007) also had a higher risk for stroke than earlier (12:17-13:10) participants. A fragmented rhythm (IV) was also associated with a higher risk for stroke (Q4 vs. Q1; HR=1.27; CI:1.06-1.50, p =0.008), but differences in the stability of rhythms (IS) were not. Suppressed RA was associated with an increased risk of unfavorable post-stroke outcomes (Q1 vs. Q4; 1.78 [1.29-2.47]; p <0.001). All the associations were independent of age, sex, race, obesity, sleep disorders, cardiovascular diseases or risks, and other morbidity burdens. Conclusion Suppressed 24-h rest-activity rhythm may be a risk factor for stroke and an early indicator of major post-stroke adverse outcomes.
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D'cunha K, Park Y, Protani MM, Reeves MM. Circadian rhythm disrupting behaviours and cancer outcomes in breast cancer survivors: a systematic review. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023; 198:413-421. [PMID: 36422754 PMCID: PMC10036454 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06792-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Circadian rhythm disruptors (e.g., night-shift work) are risk factors for breast cancer, however studies on their association with prognosis is limited. A small but growing body of research suggests that altered sleep patterns and eating behaviours are potential mechanistic links between circadian rhythm disruptors and breast cancer. We therefore systematically summarised literature examining the influence of circadian rhythm disrupting behaviours on cancer outcomes in women with breast cancer. METHODS A systematic search of five databases from inception to January 2021 was conducted. Original research published in English, assessing the relationship between post-diagnosis sleep patters and eating behaviours, and breast cancer outcomes were considered. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Assessment Scale for Cohort Studies. RESULTS Eight studies published original evidence addressing sleep duration and/or quality (k = 7) and, eating time and frequency (k = 1). Longer sleep duration (≥ 9 h versus [referent range] 6-8 h) was consistently associated with increased risk of all outcomes of interest (HR range: 1.37-2.33). There was limited evidence to suggest that measures of better sleep quality are associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR range: 0.29-0.97). Shorter nightly fasting duration (< 13 h versus ≥ 13 h) was associated with higher risk of all breast cancer outcomes (HR range: 1.21-1.36). CONCLUSION Our review suggests that circadian rhythm disrupting behaviours may influence cancer outcomes in women with breast cancer. While causality remains unclear, to further understand these associations future research directions have been identified. Additional well-designed studies, examining other exposures (e.g., light exposure, temporal eating patterns), biomarkers, and patient-reported outcomes, in diverse populations (e.g., breast cancer subtype-specific, socio-demographic diversity) are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly D'cunha
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Yikyung Park
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Melinda M Protani
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Marina M Reeves
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Escalante-Covarrubias Q, Mendoza-Viveros L, González-Suárez M, Sitten-Olea R, Velázquez-Villegas LA, Becerril-Pérez F, Pacheco-Bernal I, Carreño-Vázquez E, Mass-Sánchez P, Bustamante-Zepeda M, Orozco-Solís R, Aguilar-Arnal L. Time-of-day defines NAD + efficacy to treat diet-induced metabolic disease by synchronizing the hepatic clock in mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1685. [PMID: 36973248 PMCID: PMC10043291 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37286-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is an endogenous time-tracking system that anticipates daily environmental changes. Misalignment of the clock can cause obesity, which is accompanied by reduced levels of the clock-controlled, rhythmic metabolite NAD+. Increasing NAD+ is becoming a therapy for metabolic dysfunction; however, the impact of daily NAD+ fluctuations remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that time-of-day determines the efficacy of NAD+ treatment for diet-induced metabolic disease in mice. Increasing NAD+ prior to the active phase in obese male mice ameliorated metabolic markers including body weight, glucose and insulin tolerance, hepatic inflammation and nutrient sensing pathways. However, raising NAD+ immediately before the rest phase selectively compromised these responses. Remarkably, timed NAD+ adjusted circadian oscillations of the liver clock until completely inverting its oscillatory phase when increased just before the rest period, resulting in misaligned molecular and behavioral rhythms in male and female mice. Our findings unveil the time-of-day dependence of NAD+-based therapies and support a chronobiology-based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quetzalcoatl Escalante-Covarrubias
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lucía Mendoza-Viveros
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, 14610, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mirna González-Suárez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Román Sitten-Olea
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura A Velázquez-Villegas
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fernando Becerril-Pérez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ignacio Pacheco-Bernal
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erick Carreño-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, 14610, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paola Mass-Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcia Bustamante-Zepeda
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Orozco-Solís
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, 14610, Mexico City, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación sobre el Envejecimiento, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, 14330, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lorena Aguilar-Arnal
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Amando G, Tonon A, Constantino D, Hidalgo MP, Rampelotto PH, Montagner F. Understanding the Diurnal Oscillation of the Gut Microbiota Using Microbial Culture. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030831. [PMID: 36983986 PMCID: PMC10054680 DOI: 10.3390/life13030831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition of the gut microbiota oscillates according to the light-dark cycle. However, the existing literature demonstrates these oscillations only by molecular methods. Microbial cultures are an interesting method for studying metabolically active microorganisms. In this work, we aimed to understand the diurnal oscillation of the intestinal microbiota in Wistar male rats through microbial culture analysis. Over a 24 h period, three animals were euthanized every 6 h. Intestinal segments were dissected immediately after euthanasia and diluted in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for plating in different culture media. The CFU/mL counts in feces samples cultured in the Brucella medium were significantly higher at ZT0, followed by ZT6, ZT18, and ZT12 (p = 0.0156), which demonstrated the diurnal oscillation of metabolically active anaerobic bacteria every 6 h using microbial culture. In addition, quantitative differences were demonstrated in anaerobic bacteria and fungi in different gastrointestinal tract tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Amando
- Chronobiology and Sleep Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre 90410-000, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90410-000, Brazil
| | - André Tonon
- Chronobiology and Sleep Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre 90410-000, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90410-000, Brazil
| | - Débora Constantino
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Maria Paz Hidalgo
- Chronobiology and Sleep Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre 90410-000, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90410-000, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90410-000, Brazil
| | - Pabulo Henrique Rampelotto
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90410-000, Brazil
| | - Francisco Montagner
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90410-000, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90410-000, Brazil
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Vakali E, Rigopoulos D, Dinas PC, Drosatos IA, Theodosiadi AG, Vazeou A, Stergiou G, Kollias A. Relationship between Short- and Mid-Term Glucose Variability and Blood Pressure Profile Parameters: A Scoping Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062362. [PMID: 36983362 PMCID: PMC10053380 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Increased variability of glucose (GV) and blood pressure (BPV) is linked to a higher risk of macro- and microvascular complications and other hard endpoints. This scoping review aims to summarize the existing evidence regarding the association between the parameters of the blood pressure (BP) profile, especially BPV, with indices of short- and mid-term GV. Methods. A literature search was conducted in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, and Wiley Online Library databases. Results. The main findings of this review are as follows: (i) 13 studies were included, mainly with small sample sizes; (ii) there was a considerable degree of heterogeneity in the characteristics of the study participants (age range, individuals with normoglycemia, type 1 or 2 diabetes, normal BP, or hypertension), as well as in the methodologies (mainly in terms of the duration of the data collection period) and variability indices examined (mean amplitude of glycemic excursions and coefficient of glucose variation most frequently reported); and (iii) the results were heterogeneous regarding the association between GV and the parameters of the BP profile. Conclusions. There is a significant lack of evidence on the association between GV and BPV. Future research implementing a standardized methodology should focus on the determinants, association, and clinical relevance of GV and BPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Vakali
- Hypertension Center STRIDE-7, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Endocrinology-Growth and Development Department, P&A Kyriakou Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Petros C Dinas
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
| | | | - Aikaterini G Theodosiadi
- Hypertension Center STRIDE-7, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Andriani Vazeou
- Diabetes Center, A' Department of Pediatrics, P&A Kyriakou Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - George Stergiou
- Hypertension Center STRIDE-7, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Kollias
- Hypertension Center STRIDE-7, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Ansu Baidoo V, Knutson KL. Associations between circadian disruption and cardiometabolic disease risk: A review. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:615-624. [PMID: 36750239 PMCID: PMC9974590 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The human circadian system plays a vital role in many physiological processes, and circadian rhythms are found in virtually all tissues and organs. The disruption of circadian rhythms may lead to adverse health outcomes. Evidence from recent population-based studies was reviewed because they represent real-world behavior and can be useful in developing future studies to reduce the risk of adverse health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and diabetes mellitus, which may occur because of circadian disruption. An electronic search in PubMed and Web of Science (2012-2022) was performed. Selected articles were based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Five factors that may disrupt circadian rhythm alignment are discussed: shift work, late chronotype, late sleep timing, sleep irregularity, and late meal timing. Evidence from observational studies of these circadian disruptors suggests potential detrimental effects on cardiometabolic health, including higher BMI/obesity, higher blood pressure, greater dyslipidemia, greater inflammation, and diabetes. Future research should identify the specific underlying pathways in order to mitigate the health consequences of shift work. Furthermore, optimal sleep and mealtimes for metabolic health can be explored in intervention studies. Lastly, it is important that the timing of external environmental cues (such as light) and behaviors that influence circadian rhythms are managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velarie Ansu Baidoo
- Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kristen L Knutson
- Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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van der Velde JHPM, Boone SC, Winters-van Eekelen E, Hesselink MKC, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB, Schrauwen P, Lamb HJ, Rosendaal FR, de Mutsert R. Timing of physical activity in relation to liver fat content and insulin resistance. Diabetologia 2023; 66:461-471. [PMID: 36316401 PMCID: PMC9892088 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05813-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We hypothesised that the insulin-sensitising effect of physical activity depends on the timing of the activity. Here, we examined cross-sectional associations of breaks in sedentary time and timing of physical activity with liver fat content and insulin resistance in a Dutch cohort. METHODS In 775 participants of the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity (NEO) study, we assessed sedentary time, breaks in sedentary time and different intensities of physical activity using activity sensors, and liver fat content by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (n=256). Participants were categorised as being most active in the morning (06:00-12:00 hours), afternoon (12:00-18:00 hours) or evening (18:00-00:00 hours) or as engaging in moderate-to-vigorous-physical activity (MVPA) evenly distributed throughout the day. Most active in a certain time block was defined as spending the majority (%) of total daily MVPA in that block. We examined associations between sedentary time, breaks and timing of MVPA with liver fat content and HOMA-IR using linear regression analyses, adjusted for demographic and lifestyle factors including total body fat. Associations of timing of MVPA were additionally adjusted for total MVPA. RESULTS The participants (42% men) had a mean (SD) age of 56 (4) years and a mean (SD) BMI of 26.2 (4.1) kg/m2. Total sedentary time was not associated with liver fat content or insulin resistance, whereas the amount of breaks in sedentary time was associated with higher liver fat content. Total MVPA (-5%/h [95% CI -10%/h, 0%/h]) and timing of MVPA were associated with reduced insulin resistance but not with liver fat content. Compared with participants who had an even distribution of MVPA throughout the day, insulin resistance was similar (-3% [95% CI -25%, 16%]) in those most active in morning, whereas it was reduced in participants who were most active in the afternoon (-18% [95% CI -33%, -2%]) or evening (-25% [95% CI -49%, -4%]). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The number of daily breaks in sedentary time was not associated with lower liver fat content or reduced insulin resistance. Moderate-to-vigorous activity in the afternoon or evening was associated with a reduction of up to 25% in insulin resistance. Further studies should assess whether timing of physical activity is also important for the occurrence of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastiaan C Boone
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Matthijs K C Hesselink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Vera B Schrauwen-Hinderling
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Hildo J Lamb
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frits R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Meyer-Lindemann U, Moggio A, Dutsch A, Kessler T, Sager HB. The Impact of Exercise on Immunity, Metabolism, and Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3394. [PMID: 36834808 PMCID: PMC9967592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise represents an effective preventive and therapeutic strategy beneficially modifying the course of multiple diseases. The protective mechanisms of exercise are manifold; primarily, they are elicited by alterations in metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Exercise intensity and duration strongly influence the provoked response. This narrative review aims to provide comprehensive up-to-date insights into the beneficial effects of physical exercise by illustrating the impact of moderate and vigorous exercise on innate and adaptive immunity. Specifically, we describe qualitative and quantitative changes in different leukocyte subsets while distinguishing between acute and chronic exercise effects. Further, we elaborate on how exercise modifies the progression of atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death worldwide, representing a prime example of a disease triggered by metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Here, we describe how exercise counteracts causal contributors and thereby improves outcomes. In addition, we identify gaps that still need to be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Meyer-Lindemann
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
- DZHK e.V. (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Aldo Moggio
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Dutsch
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
- DZHK e.V. (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Thorsten Kessler
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
- DZHK e.V. (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Hendrik B. Sager
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
- DZHK e.V. (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
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Liang W, Ho CT, Lan Y, Xiao J, Huang Q, Cao Y, Lu M. Capsaicin ameliorates diet-induced disturbances of glucose homeostasis and gut microbiota in mice associated with the circadian clock. Food Funct 2023; 14:1662-1673. [PMID: 36691893 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03523e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Glucose metabolism disorder triggered by a high-energy diet is associated with circadian disruption in the brain, peripheral tissues and gut microbiota. The present study aims to investigate the regulating effects of capsaicin (CAP) on the diet-induced disturbances of glucose homeostasis and gut microbiota in respect of circadian rhythm-related mechanisms. Our results indicated that CAP significantly ameliorated glucose metabolism disorder in mice induced by a high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFFD). The rhythmic expressions of circadian clock genes (Bmal1, Clock, and others) and glucose metabolism-related genes (Pgc-1α, Glut2, G6pc, and Pepck) in the liver disrupted by an abnormal diet were also recovered by CAP. Microbial studies using 16S rDNA sequencing revealed that CAP modulated the structure and composition of gut microbiota and improved the circadian oscillations of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes at the phylum level and Allobaculum, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, and Alistipes at the genus level. Correlation analysis indicated that a close correlation existed between intestinal microbiota, hepatic circadian gene expressions and the level of glucose metabolism-related factors, indicating that CAP could alleviate HFFD-induced disturbances of glucose metabolism and gut microbiota associated with circadian clock related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxia Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Yaqi Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jie Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Muwen Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Martin RA, Viggars MR, Esser KA. Metabolism and exercise: the skeletal muscle clock takes centre stage. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023; 19:272-284. [PMID: 36726017 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00805-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms that influence mammalian homeostasis and overall health have received increasing interest over the past two decades. The molecular clock, which is present in almost every cell, drives circadian rhythms while being a cornerstone of physiological outcomes. The skeletal muscle clock has emerged as a primary contributor to metabolic health, as the coordinated expression of the core clock factors BMAL1 and CLOCK with the muscle-specific transcription factor MYOD1 facilitates the circadian and metabolic programme that supports skeletal muscle physiology. The phase of the skeletal muscle clock is sensitive to the time of exercise, which provides a rationale for exploring the interactions between the skeletal muscle clock, exercise and metabolic health. Here, we review the underlying mechanisms of the skeletal muscle clock that drive muscle physiology, with a particular focus on metabolic health. Additionally, we highlight the interaction between exercise and the skeletal muscle clock as a means of reinforcing metabolic health and discuss the possible implications of the time of exercise as a chronotherapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Martin
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mark R Viggars
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Baron KG, Appelhans BM, Burgess HJ, Quinn L, Greene T, Allen CM. Circadian Timing, Information processing and Metabolism (TIME) study: protocol of a longitudinal study of sleep duration, circadian alignment and cardiometabolic health among overweight adults. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:26. [PMID: 36717911 PMCID: PMC9887244 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01272-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both short sleep duration and circadian rhythm misalignment are risk factors for metabolic dysfunction, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. The goal of this study is to examine how sleep duration and circadian alignment predict changes in cardiometabolic risk factors over a 12-month period, and test cognitive function and hedonic eating tendencies as potential mechanisms. METHODS We will recruit a sample of 120 working aged adults with BMI 25-35 kg/m2 (overweight to class I obesity). The protocol includes 5 visits over a 12-month period. Study visits include wrist actigraphy to measure sleep behaviors, 24-h diet recalls, dim light melatonin collection, a computerized neurobehavioral assessment, eating in the absence of hunger task, and frequently sampled IV glucose tolerance test. DISCUSSION The results of the TIME study will advance the understanding of how both short sleep duration and circadian misalignment contribute to behavioral aspects of obesity and metabolic dysfunction. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.Gov, NCT04759755 , registered retrospectively February 13, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Glazer Baron
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, 375 Chipeta Way, Suite A, UT, Salt Lake City, 84108, US.
| | - Bradley M Appelhans
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, US
| | - Helen J Burgess
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, US
| | - Lauretta Quinn
- School of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, US
| | - Tom Greene
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, US
| | - Chelsea M Allen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, US
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Meng JJ, Shen JW, Li G, Ouyang CJ, Hu JX, Li ZS, Zhao H, Shi YM, Zhang M, Liu R, Chen JT, Ma YQ, Zhao H, Xue T. Light modulates glucose metabolism by a retina-hypothalamus-brown adipose tissue axis. Cell 2023; 186:398-412.e17. [PMID: 36669474 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Public health studies indicate that artificial light is a high-risk factor for metabolic disorders. However, the neural mechanism underlying metabolic modulation by light remains elusive. Here, we found that light can acutely decrease glucose tolerance (GT) in mice by activation of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) innervating the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON). Vasopressin neurons in the SON project to the paraventricular nucleus, then to the GABAergic neurons in the solitary tract nucleus, and eventually to brown adipose tissue (BAT). Light activation of this neural circuit directly blocks adaptive thermogenesis in BAT, thereby decreasing GT. In humans, light also modulates GT at the temperature where BAT is active. Thus, our work unveils a retina-SON-BAT axis that mediates the effect of light on glucose metabolism, which may explain the connection between artificial light and metabolic dysregulation, suggesting a potential prevention and treatment strategy for managing glucose metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Meng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jia-Wei Shen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guang Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chang-Jie Ouyang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jia-Xi Hu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zi-Shuo Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yi-Ming Shi
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ju-Tao Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yu-Qian Ma
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- College of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Tian Xue
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
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Differential Effect of Fructose in the Presence or Absence of Fatty Acids on Circadian Metabolism in Hepatocytes. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020138. [PMID: 36837757 PMCID: PMC9961817 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to explore whether fructose in the absence or presence of fatty acids modulates circadian metabolism in AML-12 hepatocytes. Fructose treatment under steatosis conditions (FruFA) led to fat synthesis resulting in increased triglycerides and cholesterol content. Fructose led to reduced activity of the AMPK and mTOR-signaling pathway. However, FruFA treatment led to inhibition of the AMPK signaling pathway but activation of the mTOR pathway. Fructose also increased the expression of inflammatory markers, whereas the addition of fatty acids dampened their circadian expression. At the clock level, fructose or FruFA altered the expression of the core clock. More specifically, fructose led to altered expression of the BMAL1-RORα-REV-ERBα axis, together with reduced phosphorylated BMAL1 levels. In conclusion, our results show that hepatocytes treated with fructose respond differently if fatty acids are present, leading to a differential effect on metabolism and circadian rhythms. This is achieved by modulating BMAL1 activity and expression.
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Al Abdullatif RA, Alkahtani S, Finlayson G, Alhussain MH. Chronotypes and their Association with Obesity-Related Lifestyle Behaviors among Young Female Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1305. [PMID: 36674062 PMCID: PMC9859457 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms have emerged as key influences on lifestyle behaviors. Circadian rhythms vary inter-individually, and people can be stratified by circadian preference, known as their chronotype, from extreme morning types to extreme evening types. Young adults undergo chronotype changes that involve shifts from morning to evening types. We aimed to examine the association between chronotype and obesity-related lifestyle behaviors, including dietary intake, physical activity, and sleep patterns, among young females. A total of 387 college female students aged 18-25 years completed this cross-sectional study. The participants were classified into three groups (morning, intermediate, and evening types) according to the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ; long version) score. Each individual's anthropometry and body composition were measured. Dietary intakes were assessed using a 24-h dietary recall. The Bouchard Three-Day Physical Activity Record was used to assess physical activity levels. Sleep patterns were evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). The differences between chronotype groups were tested using a Chi-square test and one-way ANOVA. The chronotypes were significantly associated with sleep quality (p = 0.010) and daytime sleepiness (p = 0.035). However, no significant associations between dietary intake, physical activity, and sleep duration with the chronotypes were found. Our results show that both sleep quality and daytime sleepiness were associated with the chronotypes. Further research is warranted to identify the potential bidirectional associations between circadian rhythms and lifestyle behaviors among different age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan A. Al Abdullatif
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaea Alkahtani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, College of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Graham Finlayson
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Maha H. Alhussain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Joshi K, Das M, Sarma A, Arora MK, SInghal M, Kumar B. Insight on Cardiac Chronobiology and Latest Developments of Chronotherapeutic Antihypertensive Interventions for Better Clinical Outcomes. Curr Hypertens Rev 2023; 19:106-122. [PMID: 36624649 DOI: 10.2174/1573402119666230109142156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac circadian rhythms are an important regulator of body functions, including cardiac activities and blood pressure. Disturbance of circadian rhythm is known to trigger and aggravate various cardiovascular diseases. Thus, modulating the circadian rhythm can be used as a therapeutic approach to cardiovascular diseases. Through this work, we intend to discuss the current understanding of cardiac circadian rhythms, in terms of quantifiable parameters like BP and HR. We also elaborate on the molecular regulators and the molecular cascades along with their specific genetic aspects involved in modulating circadian rhythms, with specific reference to cardiovascular health and cardiovascular diseases. Along with this, we also presented the latest pharmacogenomic and metabolomics markers involved in chronobiological control of the cardiovascular system along with their possible utility in cardiovascular disease diagnosis and therapeutics. Finally, we reviewed the current expert opinions on chronotherapeutic approaches for utilizing the conventional as well as the new pharmacological molecules for antihypertensive chronotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumud Joshi
- Department of Pharmacy, Lloyd Institute of Management and Technology, Greater Noida, India
| | - Madhubanti Das
- Department of Zoology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Anupam Sarma
- Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, GIPS, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Mandeep K Arora
- School of Pharmacy and population health informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, India
| | - Manmohan SInghal
- School of Pharmacy and population health informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, India
| | - Bhavna Kumar
- School of Pharmacy and population health informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, India
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Kunorozva L, Rae DE, Roden LC. Dim light melatonin onset following simulated eastward travel is earlier in young males genotyped as PER35/5 than PER34/4. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:1611-1623. [PMID: 36324294 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2139184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Inter-individual variability exists in recovery from jetlag following travel across time zones. Part of this variation may be due to genetic differences at the variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism of the PERIOD3 (PER3) gene as this polymorphism has been associated with chronotype and sleep, as well as sensitivity to blue light on melatonin suppression. To test this hypothesis we conducted a laboratory-based study to compare re-entrainment in males genotyped as PER34/4 (n = 8) and PER35/5 (n = 8) following simulated eastward travel across six time zones. The recovery strategy included morning blue-enriched light exposure and appropriately-timed meals during the first 24 h after simulated travel. Dim light melatonin onset (DLMO), sleep characteristics, perceived sleepiness levels (Stanford Sleepiness Scale), and resting metabolic parameters were measured during constant routine periods before and after simulated travel. While DLMO time was similar between the two groups prior to simulated eastward travel (p = .223), it was earlier in the PER35/5 group (17h23 (17h15; 17h37)) than the PER34/4 group (18h05 (17h53; 18h12)) afterwards (p = .046). During resynchronisation, perceived sleepiness and metabolic parameters were similar to pre-travel in both groups but sleep was more disturbed in the PER35/5 group (total sleep time: p = .008, sleep efficiency: p = .008, wake after sleep onset: p = .023). The PER3 VNTR genotype may influence the efficacy of re-entrainment following trans-meridian travel when blue-enriched light exposure is incorporated into the recovery strategy on the first day following travel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovemore Kunorozva
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dale E Rae
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre & Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Laura C Roden
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa.,Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre & Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences/School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
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Liu H, Liu S, Wang K, Zhang T, Yin L, Liang J, Yang Y, Luo J. Time-Dependent Effects of Physical Activity on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adults: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14194. [PMID: 36361072 PMCID: PMC9655086 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical activity is an important non-drug-related method to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases, but how exercise duration affects the cardiovascular metabolic risk factors in adults remains uncertain. This review systematically examines the time-dependent effects of physical activity on cardiovascular risk factors in adults and aims to further the understanding of the temporal therapeutics of exercise. METHODS Following the PRISMA guidelines, the PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and CNKI databases were systematically searched for relevant scientific studies from January 2000 to June 2022. RESULTS A total of 16 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. The sample size ranged from 11-275 participants who were diagnosed with obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM), and Coronary Heart Disease (CAD), while the subjects in four studies did not report any metabolic or cardiovascular disease. Four studies conducted trials of acute exercise interventions, while the remaining intervention periods ranged from 12 days to 12 weeks. The exercise interventions included aerobic training, resistance training, aerobic training that was combined with resistance training, compound exercise, and high-intensity interval exercise, and the training frequency varied from 2-5 times/week. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this review found some evidence that the cardiovascular risk factors in adults may be time-dependent in response to physical activity. However, it is limited by the small sample size for each of the outcomes and several methodological issues, leading to poor comparability between studies. A randomized controlled trial with a larger sample size is supposed to be designed for the relevant population to completely test whether synchronizing the exercise time point in the day with the individual's circadian rhythm can amplify the benefits of the exercise for improving cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiong Luo
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-131-0899-1439
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Roy S, Abudu A, Salinas I, Sinha N, Cline-Fedewa H, Yaw AM, Qi W, Lydic TA, Takahashi DL, Hennebold JD, Hoffmann HM, Wang J, Sen A. Androgen-mediated Perturbation of the Hepatic Circadian System Through Epigenetic Modulation Promotes NAFLD in PCOS Mice. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6657796. [PMID: 35933634 PMCID: PMC9419696 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In women, excess androgen causes polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common fertility disorder with comorbid metabolic dysfunctions including diabetes, obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Using a PCOS mouse model, this study shows that chronic high androgen levels cause hepatic steatosis while hepatocyte-specific androgen receptor (AR)-knockout rescues this phenotype. Moreover, through RNA-sequencing and metabolomic studies, we have identified key metabolic genes and pathways affected by hyperandrogenism. Our studies reveal that a large number of metabolic genes are directly regulated by androgens through AR binding to androgen response element sequences on the promoter region of these genes. Interestingly, a number of circadian genes are also differentially regulated by androgens. In vivo and in vitro studies using a circadian reporter [Period2::Luciferase (Per2::LUC)] mouse model demonstrate that androgens can directly disrupt the hepatic timing system, which is a key regulator of liver metabolism. Consequently, studies show that androgens decrease H3K27me3, a gene silencing mark on the promoter of core clock genes, by inhibiting the expression of histone methyltransferase, Ezh2, while inducing the expression of the histone demethylase, JMJD3, which is responsible for adding and removing the H3K27me3 mark, respectively. Finally, we report that under hyperandrogenic conditions, some of the same circadian/metabolic genes that are upregulated in the mouse liver are also elevated in nonhuman primate livers. In summary, these studies not only provide an overall understanding of how hyperandrogenism associated with PCOS affects liver gene expression and metabolism but also offer insight into the underlying mechanisms leading to hepatic steatosis in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Niharika Sinha
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Holly Cline-Fedewa
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Alexandra M Yaw
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Wenjie Qi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Todd A Lydic
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Core, Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Jon D Hennebold
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Hanne M Hoffmann
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jianrong Wang
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Aritro Sen
- Correspondence: Aritro Sen, PhD, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Sciences, 766 Service Rd, Interdisciplinary Science & Technology Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Meyer N, Harvey AG, Lockley SW, Dijk DJ. Circadian rhythms and disorders of the timing of sleep. Lancet 2022; 400:1061-1078. [PMID: 36115370 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00877-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The daily alternation between sleep and wakefulness is one of the most dominant features of our lives and is a manifestation of the intrinsic 24 h rhythmicity underlying almost every aspect of our physiology. Circadian rhythms are generated by networks of molecular oscillators in the brain and peripheral tissues that interact with environmental and behavioural cycles to promote the occurrence of sleep during the environmental night. This alignment is often disturbed, however, by contemporary changes to our living environments, work or social schedules, patterns of light exposure, and biological factors, with consequences not only for sleep timing but also for our physical and mental health. Characterised by undesirable or irregular timing of sleep and wakefulness, in this Series paper we critically examine the existing categories of circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders and the role of the circadian system in their development. We emphasise how not all disruption to daily rhythms is driven solely by an underlying circadian disturbance, and take a broader, dimensional approach to explore how circadian rhythms and sleep homoeostasis interact with behavioural and environmental factors. Very few high-quality epidemiological and intervention studies exist, and wider recognition and treatment of sleep timing disorders are currently hindered by a scarcity of accessible and objective tools for quantifying sleep and circadian physiology and environmental variables. We therefore assess emerging wearable technology, transcriptomics, and mathematical modelling approaches that promise to accelerate the integration of our knowledge in sleep and circadian science into improved human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Meyer
- Insomnia and Behavioural Sleep Medicine Clinic, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Allison G Harvey
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Steven W Lockley
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Derk-Jan Dijk
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research and Technology Centre, Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
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